Risk base inspection API 580 – first edition 2002

API 580 provide users with basic elements for develop and implementation RBI program and specifically targeted at
the application in hydrocarbon and chemical process industry

1- RBI
* Program Requirements (Key elements)
Management system for documntation-personnal-data-analysis
Documented method for P.O.F
Documented method for PC.O.F
Documented method for managing risks through mitigation or inspection
* Outcomes of process
Ranking by risk all equipments evaluated
Inspection plan (method -time-extent- coverage)
Risk mitigation activates (repair-replacement—0)
Expected Risk levels
* Uses
1-Continuous improvement tool
As new data becomes available or changes occur reassessment made which refreshed view of risk
Guide to the direction of inspection technology development

2-Integrated management tool

Assessment and management for items not addressed completely in other organization as PHA-RCM
Provide inspection and maintenance plans for actions to be implemented to provide reliability and
safe operation
Benefits
Overall reduction in plant (assessed facilities and equipments) risk
Acceptance/understanding current risk
Limitations
Will not compensate for
Inaccurate or missing information
Inadequate design or faulty installation
Operating outside the acceptance design envelope
Not effectively exiting the plan
Lack of qualified personal or team work
Lack of sound engineering
Not sub situate PHA or HAZOP
PHA risk assessment focus on process unit
Design-operating practices and operating conditions but RBI complements by focus on
Mechanical integrity related to deterioration mechanism and risk management through inspection

Equipments covered not covered

Pressure vessels instruments and control systems
Process piping electrical works
Storage tanks structural systems
Rotating equipments machinery components expect pump and compressor
Boilers and heaters
Heat exchangers and Pressure relief devices

4- basic concepts

1- Risk = probability * consequence

2- Risk is something negative = combination of P.O.F of event occurring during specific time and associated
consequence
3- Risk reduction s part from risk management (reduction is act of mitigation) and action taken to lessen P.O.F or
C.O.F or both associated with risk
4- Risk management is process to assess the risks and determine if case of needed reduction to develop inspection plan
and if not no need to develop it
5- The object of in service inspection to detect, monitor and eve lute the deterioration rate. type due to operation
6- Effectiveness of inspection
*Widely various between reactive program (concentrate on know area of concern and put
Inspection program or another program, which inspect all equipments on frequency basis
The inspection goal is safety and reliability (4.3)
Limitation ( 9)
 Lack of coverage-lack of accuracy of measuring instruments –lack of inspector
Experience –in adequate procedures complexity of component
Impropriate inspection method
Items to be considered
(Which can increased or decreased the effectiveness)
Equipment age (end of life) –plant age-process –deterioration active and credible and rates --NDE method
And Coverage-accessibility to expected deterioration
Based on (12)
Equipment type –inspector skill
Inspection method-coverage-extent-frequency
Accessibility to deterioration mechanism. Rates susceptibility active, credible
Shut down requirements
Amount reduction in P.O.F
7-- The evolution of inspection interval based on
A-time with verification of integrity periodically
b- Equipments condition
c- in API 570-510-563 based on
Equipment life
On stream inspection in lieu internal inspection in low rate deterioration
Internal inspection for deterioration related to process cause cracks
Consequence based inspection intervals
8-after estimated risk for equipment and reducing the risk the effectiveness of this inspection become
Information
Available for planning and implemented RBI.(4.4)
9-In relation between inspection and risks
With increase inspection degree and frequency reducing risks to a limit where very little risk reduction become
and invasive inspection
b- Excess inspection after some limit increased deterioration and risks
10-key for interval assess for risk for each equipment and determine the appropriate method of inspection and
Used same method to reduce risks by focus it on high risks items and away from lower risks
11- Factors leading to residual risk
a- Human and design errors
b- Sabotage
c- Natural disasters-external events
d- Unknown reasons and deterioration mechanism
e- Un suitable inspection –not coverage
5- introduction to risk based inspection.
1-RBI
*Represents next generation of inspection and link between deterioration and inspection (4.3)
*to determine what incident could occur (consequence) in event and how likely (probability) in same
event ( 5.1)
*RBI analysis calculation used relative risk and absolute risk consumed time and cost( 4.5)
*The condition of quantitative RBI study for relative risk calculation given result fair and proximate to
actual
*RBI is tool provide analysis of the risks of loss of containment of equipment (normally the power full tool used in
most companies is cost analysis ( 11.3.1
* RBI used as (what if ) tool to determine ( when-how-what) inspections should be conducted to yield to acceptable
future risk level (12.4)
 RBI analysis focus on identifiably failure mechanism (inspect able causes) does not deal with others such as
power failure or human error (total risk)
*RBI is dynamic tool can provide current and future risk evolutions which based on the current and
knowledge. This evolution changed with time goes and required updating for RBI assessment evolutions
results(14.1)
Essential elements for RBI PROCESS
A-data and information collection
Risk assessment process ( C.O.F and P.O.F)
Risk ranking
Inspection plan
Mitigation
Reassessment
The accuracy
of output is function of method used as well as quantity and quality of data available for this it
Benefit to use quantitative and qualitative complementary
The accuracy of any RBI analysis depends on using sound method—quality data and
Knowledgably personnel (5.3)
how RBI can help to mange operating risks ( 5.4)
11- RBI help to manage inspection ( 12.5)
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 Shifted resources to the high risk items and reduce it in low risk items
Use non-intrusively on stream inspection replacing shutdown inspection as internally
20-RBI used to establish inspection plan for each equipment and priorities
21- Contents of inspection plan
Unmitigated risk for current operation
Recommended mitigation actions
Recommended inspection type-scope-timing
2- failure
* is termination of ability to perform required function but the failure mode is failure manner
* Other failure modes as functional failure can be included with loss of containment failure if user desired and
Covered by RCM program. (10.1.2) as small hole—crack –rupture
* RBI includes other failure as
Pump failure—heat exchanger bundle failure –pressure relief valves damage-internal lining (8.4)
*The function failure includes function /mechanical, heat exchanger tube failure, pressure relief device failure and
Rotating equipment damage.
Example
Leak in vessel under insulation cause many consequences as
 Vapor could ignite cause injury
 Toxic chemical cause health problems
 Spill cause environmental deterioration-safety
 Force shutdown for unit cause economic impact
Occur as
a- some without significant adverse effect (safety, environmental or economic)
b some have potential serious consequence
In case of combination of probability and consequence (risk) is high enough to unacceptable its
Recommended for Mitigation action to prevent the event
Effective risk decision
Takes place only by combined the probability and consequence
And not every failure lead to undesirable incident (water leak)
Ranking the risk of process plant equipments allows
a-for inspection prioritization and planning
b- Develop inspection plan and focusing on higher risk an iso risk line (constant risk level)

6-the choice of RBI assessment type based on

A-objective of study-number of items in study
B-available resources –study time frame
C-Nature and quality of available data
8-Each of this three used analysis approach (qualitative, quantitative or semi quantitative) for RBI provides way to
9- Screen the risk, identify area of concern and develop prioritized list
b- After risk ranking evaluate the (P.O.F and C.O.F) = risk
c- Considered a continuum ((qualitative-----semi quantitative ----quantitative))) 5.2.4
9- the difference between the qualitative and quantitative. Semi quantitative approaches is the
amount and detail of input, calculation and output data ( 7.1)
10 -the differences between three approaches
Qualitative approach 5.2.1
a--requires engineering judgments and experience
b- input data given in ranges and results given in quantitative terms (high-medium-low)
Quantitative approach 5.2.2
a-requires all information and analysis depth and integration of detailed assessments
B-uses logic (depicting combination of events) and physical (progression of accidents models 9 failure
Tree) and transport the hazardous to environmental
C-Logic model consists of event trees (initiating events and combinations of system success and failures
) And fault trees (ways in which system failure.
Logic models can introduce error and inaccuracy impacting the quality of risk assessment
12- The five tasks for quantitative risk analysis are (5.2.3)
System and hazardous identification
Probability assessment
Consequence analysis
Risk results
Semi quantitative approach 5.2.3
a- take the benefit of ( speed of qualitative and rigor of quantitative
b- used less data than quantitative and results are given in categories
13-QRA analysis this data
Existing hazards—detection system
Dike and drainage
Fire protections system

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 Weather condition
15-the accuracy of output is function of method used as well as quantity and quality of data available for this it
Benefit to use quantitative and qualitative complementary
The accuracy of any RBI analysis depends on using sound method—quality data and knowledgably personnel (5.3)
16- Equipment integrity and function performance depends on suitability of equipment to operate safety and reliable under
normal and abnormal conditions (5.4)
17-the susceptibility of equipment for deterioration and operating current conditions (process fluid containments +desired run
length between scheduled shutdown + upset operating conditions)

18- the suitability and current condition of equipment within the current operating envelope will determine the P.O.F
19---inspection influences of risk associated with pressure equipment by improving knowledge of deterioration state and
P.D.F
P.D.F for in service deterioration depends on( 5.5.1)
Deterioration type + mechanism + rate+
Probability of identifying and detecting the deterioration
Equipment tolerance
22- some risks cannot managed by inspection and need non-inspection mitigation action as (5.5.2)
Equipment nearing retirement
Failure mocha. As brittle and fatigue
Consequence does minted risks
And need non-inspection mitigation action as
Repair—replacement—update—redesign or upgrade
23-the current used specification for process safety management is OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 or API RP 750

6 –Planning the RBI assessment

Why the assessment is being done (benefits ) 1.1.2
Produce plans that address ways to
Manage risks on an equipotent level (risk on safety-health-environmental and economic)
Cost reduction by identified the equipments that do not required inspection
To identified the high-risk areas and making inspection plan
Implementations of these plans provide s
Overall reduction of risk
Understanding current risk

RBI Limitation
Will not compensate o
Missing or inaccurate information
Inadequate design or faulty installation
Operating outside the acceptable design envelope
Not effectively executing plans
Lack of qualified personnel
Lack of sound engineering or operation
How the RBI assessment will be carried out
By gathering data and information
Calculate the P.O.F AND C.O.F for each equipment
Calculate risk—ranking –identified the high risk –inspection plan
Mitigation system –reassessment
What knowledge and skills are required for the assessment?
Correct updated and valid information about current condition for all facilities included in RBI
Who is on the RBI TEAM?
Team leader who is responsible for formation of the staff and verifying the skill and knowledge
and prepare report and distributed it to the design makers
Follow up the mitigation action
What are their roles in the RBI process?
The RBI STEPSAS
Introduction to RBI
Planning to RBI assessment
Data and information collection
Identifying deterioration mechanism and failure modes
Assessing P.O.F and C.O.F
Risk determination and management
Risk management with inspection activates
Other risk mitigation activates
Reassessment and updated
Roles and responsibilities
RBI documents
Who is responsible and accountable for what actions?
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Management
Which facilities and assets and components will be included?
all the oil and gas plants—chemical and hydrocarbon plants--pressure vessels
Pipelines and pipeline stations –boilers and heaters -valves –
What data is to be used in the assessment?
Design –construction –quality –operating data
When the assessment will be completed
After identified high risk and making inspection plan
How long the assessment will remain in effect and when it will be updated
During the specific period of operating conditions without any change in RBI input data
How the results will be used
To avoid risk
RBI planning and assessment
A--Establish the goals and objectives of RBI—6.2
1- Understand risks in plant operation
2- Defined risk criteria (the team and management judge it for associated items)
3- Management of risks (identified-inspection-mitigation to acceptable level)
4- Reducing cost (reducing all unnecessary inspection)
5- Safety and environmental requirements (
6- Sort mitigation alternatives by non inspection methods (modification of process—operating conditions-change the
construction material or fluids to less flammable – remove unnecessary insulation –reduce inventories) .
7- Making RBI assessment for new project (change design –material)
8- Making strategies foe end of life (retirement) facilities by calculate FOS –API RP579
b- Establish physical bounders for RBI assessment (facilities-process units-system within process units—equipments
items –utilities, emergency and off plot system)
c- Establish operating boundaries ( start up and shut down-normal –upset and cyclic operation-operation time period)
d- Select type of RBI ASSESSMENT 9(qualitative –quantitative -semi-)
Small risk can use qualitative and high risk can used quantitative risk method.
Based on object of assessment –
Data availability and quality –
Resources –
Time constrains—
Previous evaluated risk
e--Estimatimating resources and required time
What’s available for what required
Implementer’s skill and knowledge training time for implementer’s
plan and data necessary number if units to be evaluated
Data and information required required time and resources
Degree accurately needed time and resources for evaluate assessment

7- Data and information collection for RBI assessment

1- The important document for RBI approach is base of study, assumptions and any devotions from prescribed standards
procedures
2- The RBI data quality has to the ---- relative accuracy of RBI analysis
Direct relation –indirect relation —no relation
6- the data requirement is ---------- for the various types of RBI analysis
Completely different -quite different-similar
7- the team leader checking the integrity of RBI analysis by checking the -------- quality data
Updating and validity---quantity and validity—quality and validity
8- failure data and incident investigations required for RBI analysis. POF.COF
9- the potential sources of input data errors in RBI are
Inspector //clerical error- old drawing –inaccurate instruments

8- identifying deterioration mechanisms and failure modes

1- The deterioration mechanisms rates-susceptibility IS input data for POF but failure mode is input for COF
6- The deterioration mechanisms susceptibility (high-medium-low) based on
Material of construction
Mechanism and susceptibility
Operating conditions-concentration process key as fabrication variables
7- The sources of deterioration information (9.4)
Plant experience and database and published data
Plant in site tests and in service monitoring
Laboratory tests as corrosion rates coupons
Previous inspection data

8-the nelson curves used for using carbon –low alloy steels without deterioration in partial hydrogen HTHA API RP-941-
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 (8.3.3)
9-the susceptibility of C.S and low alloys steels to HTHA based on
Material of construction –operating conditions-hydrogen partial pressure and exposure time
10- the four deterioration mechanisms (8.3)
Thinning-stress corrosion cracks -mechanical –metallurgical – and environmental
11-the thinning can be determined by thickness measurement—corrosion rate- corrosion tolerance—equipment ego—
Operating conditions- inspections types and numbers
5-Thinning deterioration mech. includes general /local/pitting corrosion and other metal loss mech. from internal or external surface -
8.3.1
12- S.S.C includes
Caustic cracks –sulfide stress cracks
Hydrogen induced cracks
Chloride cracks in S.S
13-The equip.susciptability to SCC includes to Probability for initiating cracks and also cracks resulting in a leak or rupture
8.3.2
9-Assessing probability of failure
Probability
Qualitative description for specific out comes or
Extent of event to occur with time frame under consideration
Number of occurrences of an event in given time

Measured by ratio of specific outcome to total possible outcomes as

Range from min.is zero—0 –(impossible –rare) to max one –1 I high degree of belief
1- The probability of specific consequence will occur = P.O.F * probability of scenario under consideration assuming
Failure has occurred (9.1)
2- the causes of loss of containment by
Deterioration mechanisms
Seism tic activity
Design or human errors
Overpressure
Sabotage
Wrong material used
3- The probability is frequency = number of events occurring during specific time frame (9.2)
The probability units are event per interval (failure/year) or event per occasion (failure /run) (9.2)
The most probability assessment used blend of qualitative and quantitative approaches (9.3)
4-- When insufficient data available for the quantitative probability of failure analysis the specific failure data taken and
Modified and adjusted for each equipment case by case (9.3.2)
5-to calculate the probability of failure by
a** Deterioration mechanisms and rates from its material and operation conditions
b-** Effectiveness of Inspection program to monitor deterioration and repaired before failure
6-if operation conditions changed the deterioration rates based on previous inspection data may be not be valid .(9.4)
3- The in service deterioration effect on POF steps
Determined the deterioration mechanism and rates
Quantify the effectiveness of past inspection
Calculate POF
9-to determined the deterioration susceptibility and rates by used same components from same material and exposed to same
internal and external environmental
10- the links between the deterioration and mechanical result failure modes ( 9.4.2)
For each deterioration mechanism has its own characteristic failure models.
Pitting cause small hole
Thinning cause leak through big area or rupture
SCC cause cracks
Metallurgical and mechanical cause small holes or rupture
10-Assessing consequence of failure
Consequence
Outcome of an event expressed qualitatively or quantatively --positive or
Negative
1- The object of consequence analysis performed to provide decimation between the equipment items on basis of potential failure.
the analysis method chosen should have ability to provide the required level of discrimination between higher and lower
consequence equipments items
2- Plant inspector or inspector engineer manage risks by managing the probability of failure with inspection and maintenance
planning
3- In RBI consequences analysis should be simplified. Repeatable and credible estimate
4- The consequence failure can be determined by qualitative and /or quantative consequence analysis approaches (10.2).
12- The consequence analysis magnitude can be determined by the volume of released fluid (10.3.4).

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 5- The calculation of quantitative consequence of failure based on
Type of process
State of fluid inside equipment and also after released
Process operating variables
Mass of inventory
Failure mode
6-What are the major factors in evaluating the consequence of failure?
a- Flammable events
b- Toxic events
c- Releases of other hazardous fluids
d- Environmental consequence
e- Production consequence
Maintenance and reconstruction impact

6- The units used in measuring consequence analysis are cost, safety, affected areas and environmental damage (10.3).
7- in safety consequence expressed by the severity of injury based on fatality, serious injury. Medical treatment first aid (10.3.1)
8- To compare between the various types of losses on common basis used the cost unit in measuring the consequence failure
(10.3.2).
9- the main information In consequence analysis by cost is product value, equipement costs, repair cost, pesonnal resources and
environmental damage and manpower (10.3.2).
11-n consequence analysis expressed by affected area the distribution of equipments and personnel must be event
(10.3.3)
13- When considering affected area unit in consequence analysis the surface area that experiences an effected by (toxic dose-
thermal radiation or explosion overpressure) greater than predefined limiting value (10..3.3)
14- The degrees of environmental damage in consequences analysis measured by (acres of land-miles of shoreline) affected per
year or human use resources consumed (10.3.4)
15- The effects (consequence) of loss of containment can be (10.1.1)
Safety and health impact
Production loss
Environmental impact
Maintenance and construction impact
16-the flammable events occur when both leak and ignition occurs and cause damage in ways thermal radiation and blast
Over pressure (10.5.1)
17-the thermal radiation effect to occur at close range but the blast over pressure cause damage over large distance from
The blast center (10.5.1).
18-toxic addressed only when released fluid affect personal (site and public)
19- Toxic releases don’t require an additional event (ignition) as the flammable needed and toxic cause affects greater
Distances than flammable events (10.5.2).
20- RBI program focuses on active toxic risks (create immediate danger 0 rather than chronic risks from low-level
Exposures (10.5.2)
21- Hazardous fluids in RBI program which cause thermal or chemical burns when contact with person as steam. Hot
Water. Acids and caustics (10.5.3)
22- Consequence by effected area is much smaller and magnitude of hazard is less for hazardous fluids than flammable
And toxic releases (10.5.3).
23- Consequence of environmental damage = cost clean up + fines+ other costs
24- Financial consequence value = lost process fluid + business interruption (10.5.5)
25- Business interruption = process unit daily value * downtime (days) (time required to get back into production. (10.5.5)

What are the elements for flammable events? Elements of toxic

Tendency to ignite or auto ignition ability to disperse

Volume of fluid released volume of fluid released –population in area
Ability to flash to vapors type of fluid and nature of injury
Personal or equipment exposed to damage safety system
Effects of higher operating conditions detection and mitigation system

11-Risk determination –assessment and management

1- The loss of containment failure only the first event in event tree that leads to specify consequence 911.2.1)
2-all the probability of credible events leading to specific consequence should be factored into the probability of the specific
consequence occurring (11.2.1)
3-The three events in case of loss of containment
a- initiation or failure safeguard as isolation
b- dispersion .dilution or accumulation of fluid
c- imitate preventive action as shutting –neutralizing the fluid
Till the specific consequence event occur as fire
4- The probability of specific consequence is tied to the severity

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5-the probability incidents decrease with the severity of the incident (probability of event from fatality less than probability of event
from first aid)
4- The probability of all consequence scenarios should equal 1
Probability of fire = P.O.F * P.O. ignition
Probability of non fire = P.O.F+ P.O.non ignition + P.O. non failure
Probability of fire +probability of non fire =1
5- Risk = probability * consequence
6- The risk = sum of individual risks for each specific consequences
7- The risk can be determined by probability and consequence as numerical values or from risk matrix (probability is associated
with consequence) 11.2.2
8- To use risk assessment in inspection and maintenance by combined the engineering /maintenance and inspection team to
Determined what to inspect –how to inspect and extent of inspection
Determined the risk value and prioritize (11.3.2)
9- The risk analysis that are more detailed (quantitative) there are specific value for each variable on risk calculation( 11.4)
10- Sensitivity analysis involves reviewing some or all input variables to the risk calculations to determine the overall influence on the
resultant risk value ( 11.4)
11- to improve the quality and accuracy of risk analysis by making sensitivity analysis and reevaluation the input variables if
additional data gathering (11.4)
12- Over estimating C.O.F AND P.O F values will unnecessary influence the calculated risk values ( 11.5)
13- Over inflated risk values mislead to
Inspection planners
Money and insures
Create lack of creditability for user of RBI
18- using risk matrix or risk plot for communicate the results of analysis to decision makers and inspection planners (11.6)
19- different size risk matrix is away to distribute the risks through plant without numerical values (11.6.1) by ranking the
consequence and probability categories and its desirable to associate numerical values with the categories to provide guidance to
assessments personal.

20- risk plot is drawn using as screening tool during the prorization process. High-risk items residing in upper right hand corner take
priority for inspection. Planning (11.6.3)
21- risk matrix –plot used to screen and initially identify ( higher –intermediate and lower ) risk equipments
22- the threholders that divide the risk plot –matrix into acceptability and UN acceptabiable regions and to be developed by
safety/financial polices
12--risk management with inspection activates
1- Inspection does not arrest or mitigate deterioration mechanism but serves to identify monitor and measured it and become
Important in case deterioration mechanism reached critical point
2- The better predictability the less uncertainty when failure occur for this (mitigation can be planned and implemented prior to the
predicated failure date ( 12.1)
3- Reduction in uncertainty &increase predictability leads to reduction P.O.F and risk
4- Risk mitigation achieved through inspection if organization will act on the inspection results in timely manner
5- in situations where risk is being driven by P.O.F there is potential for risk management thought inspection (12.1)
6- the inspection effectiveness based on
Equipment type –inspector skill
Inspection method-coverage-extent-frequency
Accessibility to deterioration mechanism. Rates susceptibility active, credible
Shut down requirements
Amount reduction in P.O.F

7- Effect of risk management in inspection based on

Brittle fracture-cyclic fatigue cracking
no time between inspection and failure
Equipment near end of life
Unsuitable NDT (spot thickness reading on piping circuit have little benefit in case of local corrosion –pitting –ammonia-
sulfide .for this ultrasonic scanning will be more effective but RT is more effective than UT for thickness monitoring in localized
corrosion)
8-risk assessment and risk management assessment used as basis for overall inspection strategy (documented and inactive), which
designed with mitigation plans
10-Future risk level affected by (12.4)
Frequency –type and coverage of inspection
Tools and techniques –procedures and practices
Operating conditions- internal and external inspection

12- in evasive inspection which cause deterioration and increase risk as ( 12.4)
Internal lining inspection
Moisture ingress to equipment
Removal of passivity layers
Human errors.

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 13- other risk mitigation activates
Mitigation
Limitation of any consequence or reduction in P.O.F event by detects. Isolate and reduce

The plant inspector –management and process safety personal can not modify the C.O.F but
the methods as following
1-The risk mitigation activates action in
a- reducing the P.O.F
b-reduce the magnitude of C.O.F
c-Enhance the survivelence of facility and people
d-Mitigate the primary source of consequence
2-This mitigation activates are
1-modified the equipments piping, redesign or rerating
2- Evaluate flaws for F.O.S
3-equipment replacement, repair
3 - Emergency action as
A-isolation capabilities by using isolation valves or remote control system
b-Depress ring or de inventory
4- Process modification to less hazardous fluids
5- Installing water system
1-Spray to reduce risk
2-Steam or air curtain
6- blast resistance construction as wall
7- Installing Spill detection and containment
8-Fire proofing, lining and isolation
9-Flow control and design improvements
10-Training
14- Reassessments and updating RBI assessments
1-RBI is dynamic tool can provide current and future risk evolutions which based on the current and knowledge. This evolution changed
with time goes and required updating for RBI assessment evolutions results
2-why conduct A RBI re assessment
the trigger key factors are
1-changes in deterioration mechanisms and inspection activates
Time base and given as rate may vary over time
2-changes in process and hardware changes
** Process as replacement the facility or modification
Example chloride stress corrosion cracks in S.S and wet H2S for C.S
** Head ware changes as change in design changes PDF
Changes n location near ignition source increased the consequence magnitude
3-RBI assessment premise changes
Change product values – revision safety –environmental laws—change material-replacement-repair facilities-population changes
4-Affect of mitigation strategies
the strategies monitoring the implantation of the desired mitigation activates and once finished to check the risk reduction by updating
the programs
1- When to conduct RBI re assessment
BEFORE
Making maintenance to use it in planning turnaround to focus the resources on high-risk items

AFTER
1- A-significant changes in process –facility-services
2-Set time period
3-Implementation of risk mitigation strategies
4-Inspection –maintenance –repair or modification
15 Roles, responsibilities, training and qualifications
1- RBI assessment is team process and required skill and background some of team full time and some part time
2-Team leader any one full time and stockholder responsible for
Formation of team and verifying the skill and knowledge of each
Assuring that study is conducted properly
Preparing study report and distribute it to decision makers and responsible for implementation of
Actions to mitigate risks
Follow up and assure that brisk mitigating has been implemented.
3-equipement inspectors or inspection specialist
Responsible for
a- gathering data for current condition and history for study
b- Implementation of inspection plan reconditions
Assessing the effectiveness of past inspection
Data unavailability and with the corrosion specialist to provide predications about current conditions.

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 4- Materials and corrosion specialist.
Responsible for
a- Assessing all deterioration types and severity
b- Compare this assessment with the actual condition
c- Recommended the method for mitigation of P.O.F and methods to monitor the process
Process specialist
Responsible for
d- Documents variations in process conditions due to abnormal occurrences
e- Provide information about process condition in flow sheets
f- Descript the compos ion and variability of fluids and gases for flammability or toxicity
g- Recommended the process of mitigation
5- Operations and maintenance personnel
Responsible for
a- Provide information about occurrences when process deviated from the limits in operation envelope.
b- Verified the repair-replace-additions have been included in data
c- Recommended the process monitoring and modifications
6- Management
Responsible for.
a- give design on risk management based on RBI results
b- Provide all resources and sponsorship for RBI study
c- Follow up system to implantations of mitigation decisions
7- Risk assessment personnel
Responsible for
a-assembling data and carrying out analysis
b- defined data required and its quality
c-used the program to calculate the risks or calculate manuals
d-display the results in understanding ways and prepare the reports
9-environemental and safety personnel
Responsible for
a- Provide Data bout safety and environmental
b- Recommended ways to mitigate the consequence of failure
10- financial /business personnel
Responsible for
a- Provide data about cost
b- Recommended methods to mitigate the financial consequence of failure

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