Question-No-1 (CLO2, CLO 3)

1. An AM signal can be represented in time domain as

𝒚(𝒕) = 𝟓𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒕) + 𝟐𝟎𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟏𝟎𝒕) 𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒕). Analyze y(t) and determine
modulation index. [2.5 points]

Solution:
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝟓𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒕) + 𝟐𝟎𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟏𝟎𝒕) 𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒕)
𝒚(𝒕) = [𝟓 + 𝟐𝟎𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟏𝟎𝒕)] 𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒕)
Modulation index= 20/5=4

2. Analyze the system shown below, plot spectrum of 𝒙(𝒕), 𝒚𝟏 (𝒕), 𝒚𝟐 (𝒕), 𝒚𝟑 (𝒕), 𝒚𝟒 (𝒕).
(1.5x5=7.5 points)

Solution
Question 1-Part-2 Solutions

X(f)

Y1(f)

Y2(f)

Y3(f)

Y4(f)
Question-No-2 (CLO2, CLO 3)
A modulated signal is given by y(t) as shown in Figure-1
𝐲(𝐭) = 𝐦𝟏 (𝐭)𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐭 + 𝐦𝟐 (𝐭)𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐭
𝒓𝒂𝒅
with 𝝎𝒄 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄 ; 𝝎𝒄 = 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝒄 , where 𝒇𝒄 is carrier frequency.
Message signals 𝐦𝟏 (𝐭) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝟐 (𝐭) 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘𝒏. However spectrum 𝒀(𝝎) is known at
receiver side as shown in Table-1. 𝒚(𝒕) = 𝑰𝒏𝒗 𝑭𝑻(𝒀(𝝎)).

1. Using Table -1 plot magnitude and phase of 𝒀(𝝎) as a function of 𝝎. [1+1 Points]

Table -1: Magnitude and Frequency Spectrum of 𝒀(𝝎)

𝝎 𝝎 𝝎 𝝎 𝝎 𝝎
= −𝟏𝟏𝟎 = −𝟏𝟎𝟎 = −𝟗𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟎
Magnitude of 𝒀(𝝎) √𝟐𝝅 0 √𝟐𝝅 √𝟐𝝅 0 √𝟐𝝅
Phase of 𝒀(𝝎) −𝝅/𝟒 0 −𝝅/𝟒 𝝅/𝟒 0 𝝅/𝟒

2. From these two plots determine 𝐲(𝐭) . [3 Points]

𝑦(𝜔) = √2𝜋[𝛿(𝑓 − 110) + 𝛿(𝑓 + 110) + 𝛿(𝑓 − 90) + 𝛿(𝑓 + 90)]
Taking inverse Fourier Transform of 𝑦(𝜔) ==== ➔𝑦(𝑡)
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦(𝑡) = 2√2𝜋[cos (90𝑡 + ) + cos (110𝑡 + )]
4 4
3. Use coherent detector (demodulator + an appropriate filter), demodulate y(t) and
recover/determine the message signals 𝐦𝟏 (𝐭) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝐦𝟐 (𝐭) . [5 Points]
Coherent Detection

𝜋 𝜋
𝑥1 (𝑡) = 𝑦(𝑡)cos(𝜔𝑐 t) = 2√2𝜋[cos (90𝑡 + ) + cos (110𝑡 + )] cos(𝜔𝑐 t)
4 4
 𝜋 𝜋
𝑥1 (𝑡) = = 2√2𝜋[cos (90𝑡 + ) + cos (110𝑡 + )] cos(100𝑡)
4 4

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑥1 (𝑡) = √2𝜋[cos (10𝑡 − ) + cos (190𝑡 + )] + √2𝜋[cos (10𝑡 + ) + cos (210𝑡 + )]
4 4 4 4
𝜋 𝜋
Removing high frequency terms cos (190𝑡 + 4 ) and cos (210𝑡 + 4 ) we are left with

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑚1(𝑡) = √2𝜋[cos (10𝑡 − 4 ) + √2𝜋[cos (10𝑡 + 4 )= = √2𝜋[cos (10𝑡 − 4 ) + cos (10𝑡 + 4 )]

Which can be further simplified to get

𝑚1(𝑡) = 𝐴 cos(10𝑡)

𝜋 𝜋
𝑥2 (𝑡) = 𝑦(𝑡)sin(𝜔𝑐 t) = 2√2𝜋[cos (90𝑡 + ) + cos (110𝑡 + )] sin(100t)
4 4
Using similar procedure as given above

𝑚2 (𝑡) = −𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠(10t)
Question-No-3 (CLO2, CLO 3)

For the modulator, shown below, with bandpass filter H(f), whose characteristics are given.
Message: 𝒎(𝒕) = 𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝅𝒕) + 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝅𝒕)
𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒓: 𝒄(𝒕) = 𝟖𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝝅 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒕) ; 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑯𝒛
1. Determine 𝒖(𝒇) . (5 points)
2. Determine 𝒖(𝒕). (5 points)

Solution

Bandpass filter characteristics

BPF Characteristics
f H(f) approx. values
792.5 k 0.4
797.5 k 1
802.5 k 1
807.5 k 1
Message: 𝒎(𝒕) = 𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝅𝒕) +
𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝅𝒕)
𝟑
𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒓: 𝒄(𝒕) = 𝟖𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝝅 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎 𝒕) ; 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑯𝒛
𝟑
𝒔(𝒕) = 𝒎(𝒕)𝒄(𝒕) = [𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝅𝒕) + 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝅𝒕)] 𝟖𝐜𝐨 𝐬 (𝟐𝝅 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎 𝒕)
= [𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟐𝝅𝟐. 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒕) + 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝝅𝟕. 𝟓𝒌𝒕)] 𝟖𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟐𝝅 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒕)
𝒔(𝒕) = 𝟖𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟐𝝅 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒕) [𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟐𝝅𝟐. 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒕)] + 𝟐
∗ 𝟖 𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟐𝝅 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒕) [𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝝅𝟕. 𝟓𝒌𝒕)]
𝒔(𝒕) = 𝟒𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟐𝝅 𝟖𝟎𝟐𝒌𝒕)
+ 𝟒[𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟐𝝅𝟕𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒕)]
+ 𝟖 𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟐𝝅 𝟖𝟎𝟕. 𝟓𝒌𝒕) +𝟖[𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝝅𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟓𝒌𝒕)]
Taking Fourier Transform of 𝒔(𝒕) − −→ 𝒔(𝒇)
𝒔(𝒇) = [𝟒 ( 𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟓𝒌)) + 𝟒(𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟓𝒌))]
+ [𝟐(𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟕𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝒌)) + 𝟐(𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟕𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝒌))]
+ [𝟐(𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟖𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝒌)) + 𝟐(𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟖𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝒌))]
+ [𝟒(𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟖𝟎𝟕. 𝟓𝒌)) + 𝟒(𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟖𝟎𝟕. 𝟓𝒌))]
𝒖(𝒇) = 𝒔(𝒇). 𝑯(𝒇)
= 𝟎. 𝟒 ∗ 𝟒[(𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟓𝒌)) + (𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟓𝒌))] + 𝟏
∗ 𝟐 [(𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟕𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝒌)) + (𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟕𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝒌))] + 𝟏
∗ 𝟐[(𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟖𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝒌)) + (𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟖𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝒌))] + 𝟏
∗ 𝟒[(𝜹((𝒇 − 𝟖𝟎𝟕. 𝟓𝒌)) + (𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟖𝟎𝟕. 𝟓𝒌))]
𝒖(𝒇) = 𝒔(𝒇). 𝑯(𝒇)
= 𝟎. 𝟒 ∗ 𝟖/𝟐[(𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟓𝒌)) + (𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟓𝒌))] + 𝟏
∗ 𝟒/𝟐 [(𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟕𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝒌)) + (𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟕𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝒌))] + 𝟏
∗ 𝟒/𝟐[(𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟖𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝒌)) + (𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟖𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝒌))] + 𝟏
∗ 𝟖/𝟐[(𝜹(𝒇 − 𝟖𝟎𝟕. 𝟓𝒌)) + (𝜹(𝒇 + 𝟖𝟎𝟕. 𝟓𝒌))]
𝒖(𝒕) = 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝑭𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒖(𝒇) =
= 𝟑. 𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒑𝒊𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟓𝒌𝒕) + 𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒑𝒊𝟕𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝒌𝒕) + 𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒑𝒊𝟖𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝒌𝒕)
+ 𝟖𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒑𝒊𝟖𝟎𝟕. 𝟓𝒌𝒕)