Masonry

Mortars
• Mortar is a cement mix used to glue masonry units
to each other, or other surface finishing materials
like tiles, bricks, stones to a receiving structure like a
wall or floor.
 Plasters
• Plaster is mortar applied to wall surfaces as a
preparation or a hard finish coat.

• Plastering is done according to two basic methods:

Two coat and three coat.
• A three coat job consists of a first binding coat
called scratch coat.
• A second straightening coat is called brown-coat
• The final coat is called the finish coat.
Types of Plasters
and Their Uses
 Lime Plaster
• Lime Putty (hydrated lime and water).
• Used for two and three coat finish surfaces for
interior walls and ceilings.
 Gypsum Plaster
• Plaster of Paris mixed with clay, lime and other
materials in combinations covered by trademarks
and patents.
• Fibered gypsum plaster –
Gypsum plaster premixed
with fibers.
• Bonding Plaster – plaster
mixed with ingredients
develops more adhesive
strength in combinations
covered by trademarks and
patents. (Used for interior
finish for smooth concrete
walls or ceilings)
 Gypsum Plaster
• Plaster of Paris/ Molding Plaster – for ornamental
plaster work and castings.
 Sgraffito
• Sgraffito is highly decorative type of plaster work
developed in Italy during the Renaissance.
 Stones
• Normally used for architectural finsihes

• Granite • Marble
• Travertine
• Limestone

• Sandstone
• Slate
 Stones Commonly
classified as:
• Rubble Stone – masonry of rough, undressed stones.
• When only roughest irregularities are knocked off it is
called Scabbled Rubble.
• when stones in each course are rudely dressed to a
nearly uniform height, Range Rubble.
 Stones Commonly
classified as:
• Random Work – stones fitted together at random
without any attempt to lay them in course.
 Stones Commonly
classified as:
• Ashlar – squared stones in regular courses, in
contradistinction to rubble work.
Stones Commonly
classified as:
• Rustication – is
an architectural feature that
contrasts in texture with the
smoothly finished.
• Rusticated masonry is usually
squared off but left with a
more or less rough outer
surface and wide joints that
emphasize the edges of
each block.
 BRICKS
• Bricks are structural units of clay or shale formed wile
plastic.
• The manufactures of brick consists essentially of
screening, grinding, or working the clay to the
desired consistency of molding, whether by hand or
machine.
Types of Bricks frequently
used:
• Common or Building Brick
Types of Bricks frequently
used:
• Facing Brick – used
for exposed
masonry surfaces.
• Specially
processed to give
certain specific
surface
characteristics.
Types of Bricks frequently
used:
• Glazed brick –
smooth outer
surface with a
dull satin or high
gloss finish.
• They are load
bearing, fire
resisting and
impervious. They
are usually
formed with
vertical hollow
cores through the
body with scoring
on the back.
Types of Bricks frequently
used:
• Fire (Refractory) Brick – these are ordinarily made
from a mixture of flint clay or plastic clay and are
used for the lining of furnaces, fireplaces and
chimneys.
 Brick Work
• Common Bond – it is generally begun with a row of
headers at the bottom course.
• English Bond – alternate courses of headers and
stretchers
• Flemish Bond – Consists of alternate headers and
stretchers in each course.
• Herring-bone – bricks are laid diagonally to form a
herring bone pattern.
HERRING-
BONE
 Joints
• Joints between brick courses are usually from
4.5mm (3/16”) to 12mm (1/2”)
 Concrete Block
• Concrete Block is a hollow masonry unit with two or
three cells or cores.
• Standard block sizes are from thickness of 100mm
(4”), 150mm (6”) and 200mm x 200mm x 400mm
height (8”x8”x16”).
 Concrete Blocks

STRETCHER STRETCHER
(3 CORE) (2 CORE)
 Concrete Blocks

Jamb Block

Header Block

Lintel Block
 Structural Clay Tile

• Load bearing wall tile

• Non- load bearing, fireproofing, partition and furring
tile.