1. If 𝑢 = (1,2,3) and 𝑣 = (3,5,6) 2.

 𝑉 =𝑢+𝑣 3.
𝑉𝑠 4.
5.
= (𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , … , 𝑢𝑠 )
6.
+ (𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … , 𝑣𝑠 )
7. First we need to find 𝑃−1 . We will
= (𝑢1 + 𝑣1 , 𝑢2 + 𝑣2 , … , 𝑢2
accomplished that doing following
+ 𝑣𝑠 )
algorithm.
𝑉 3 = (1,2,3) + (3, ,5,6)
= (1 + 3,2 1 −1 1 1 0 0
+ 5,3 + 6) { 2 −1 −1|0 1 0}
−1 −1 0 0 0 1
= (4,7,9)
 𝑉 =𝑣+𝑢 =𝑢+𝑣 𝑅2 → −2. 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
𝑉𝑠 𝑅3 → 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
= (𝑣1, 𝑣2 , … , 𝑣𝑠 )
1 −1 1 1 0 0
+ (𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , … , 𝑢𝑠 ) {0 1 −3|−2 1 0}
= (𝑣1 + 𝑢1 , 𝑣2 + 𝑢2 , … , 𝑣2 0 −2 1 1 0 1
+ 𝑢𝑠 ) 𝑅1 → 𝑅2 + 𝑅1
= (𝑢1 + 𝑣1, 𝑢2 + 𝑣2 , … , 𝑢2
𝑅3 → 2. 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
+ 𝑣𝑠 )
3 1 0 −2 −1 1 0
𝑉 = (3,5,6) + (1,2,3)
= (1,2,3) {0 1 −3|−2 1 0}
0 0 −5 −3 2 1
+ (3,5,6)
= (3 + 1,5 1
𝑅3 → − . 𝑅3
+ 2,6 + 3) 5
= (1 + 3,2 + 5,3 + 6) 1 0 −2 −1 1 0
= (4,7,9) {0 1 −3|−2
3
1
2
0}
1
 𝑉 = 𝑐(𝑢 + 𝑣) = 𝑐. 𝑢 + 𝑐. 𝑣 0 0 1 5 −5 −5
𝑉𝑠 𝑅1 → 2. 𝑅3 + 𝑅1
= 𝑐((𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , … , 𝑢𝑠 )
𝑅2 → 3. 𝑅3 + 𝑅2
+ (𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … , 𝑣𝑠 ))
1 1 2
= 𝑐(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , … , 𝑢𝑠 ) −5
1 0 0 5 5
+ 𝑐(𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … , 𝑣𝑠 ) 1 1 3
0 1 0||− 5 − 5 − 5
= (𝑐𝑢1 + 𝑐𝑣1 , 𝑐𝑢2 0 0 1 3 2 1
+ 𝑐𝑣2 , … , 𝑐𝑢𝑠 { 5
− 5 − 5}
+ 𝑐𝑣𝑠 )
This type of definition is called an abstraction 1 1 2
definition because youmust abstract a −
5 5 5
collection of properties from 𝑉 𝑠 to from the 1 1 3
axioms for defining more general space . So, 𝑃−1 = − − −
5 5 5
we can conclude that 𝑉 𝑠 is of course a vector 3 2 1
[ 5 − − ]
space. 5 5
 𝑋+9 7 2
det(𝑋𝐼 − 𝐵) = [ −12 𝑋 − 13 0 ]
−30 21 𝑋−7
Now compute to find B Confirm that matrices A and B have the same
characteristic equation we obtain eigenvalues :
𝐵
1 1 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐴 𝑋 = 2 𝑋 = 7
−
5 5 5
1 1 3 −3 −12 0 1 −1 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐵 𝑋 = 2 𝑋 = 7
= − − − [7 10 3] [ 2 −1 −1]
5 5 5 7 9 4 −1 −1 0
3 2 1
[ 5 − −
5 5]
−2 −4 −1 1 −1 1
= [−5 −5 −3] [ 2 −1 −1]
−6 −13 −2 −1 −1 0
−9 7 2
𝐵 = [−12 13 0]
−30 21 7
Confirm that matrices A and B have the same
determinant :
−3 −12 0
det(𝐴) = [ 7 10 3] = 45
7 9 4
−9 7 2
det(𝐵) = [−12 13 0] = 45
−30 21 7
Confirm that matrices A and B have the same
trace :

𝑡𝑟(𝐴) = −3 + 10 + 4 = 11
𝑡𝑟(𝐵) = −9 + 13 + 7 = 11
Confirm that matrices A and B have the same
rank :

𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘 (𝐴) = 3
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘 (𝐵) = 3
Confirm that matrices A and B have the same
characteristic equation :
𝑋+3 −12 0
det(𝑋𝐼 − 𝐴) = [ 7 𝑋 − 10 3 ]
7 9 𝑋−4