University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines

Oroquieta Campus

Motion Sensor Lights

Research Proposal

CCNA1: Networking Basics

IT25

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Naomi Palma Ms. Linda Grace Baz

Mark Jasson Sumanlad Instructor

Charity Dalumbar

Rejoyce Palangpangan

Evan Mae Doldol

BSIT-2A

March 2019
 Chapter 1

Introduction

Wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) refer to a group of sensors and actors

linked by wireless medium to perform distributed sensing and action. Home automation

makes life very simple. It involves automatic controlling of all electrical or electronic

devices in homes. The operations of various home appliances more convenient and

saves energy. Motion sensor is a device that notices moving objects, mainly people.

Sensors form a very important component of security, home control, energy efficiency,

automated lighting control and others.

Motion sensor of lights is incredibly useful for both outdoors and indoors in every

homes, schools and buildings. Motion sensors automatically turn on the lights when

they detect motion and instantly turn off when there’s no motion. Many people go

throughout the house and forget to turn the lights/switch off after they leave a room.

Motion sensor of lights will turn the lights off when you are not in the room.

This study aims to innovate new features of motion sensor of lights using a smart phone

application that provide offline access. This innovation of motion sensor of lights has a

clap sensor, Wi-Fi and GPS to locate the area. This study will benefit the security

guards in USTP-Oroquieta campus. By using this app they can easily perform their task

well.
1.1 Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

 Clap  Smartphone will now  The lights will now

sensor detect the clap sensor response after the user
 Wi-Fi performed by human, the will clap on the phone.
 GPS light will response and it
will turn on/off.
 The users are necessary
to turn the Wi-Fi and
GPS to locate the areas
in home that the lights
still turned on/off.

The user needs to turn on the Wi-Fi and GPS location. The smart phone will require the

user to perform the action as the clap sensor for light to be able to response depends

on the user. The smart phone will now detect the clap sensor and lights will turn on/off.

The guards in USTP are tired of an activity that was held an hour ago that involves

moving and other physical activity. The guards install motion sensor light in their smart

phone. The guards turn on the Wi-Fi and GPS for the location of lights. The guard did

the clap sensor twice in their phone. The light locates the GPS and Wi-Fi connection

found the guard house and immediately response the action.

1.2 Statement of the problem

This study is to identify the factor that influences the usage of motion sensor lights

application and give solutions to the problem of the guards in University of Science and

Technology of Southern Philippines, Oroquieta Campus.

Specifically, the following questions will be answered:

1. Is the motion sensor lights application can help them on monitoring the lights

without roaming around the campus?

2. The security guard will have to go up in the building to check if the lights were still

turn on/off but because of an activity were held an hour ago that involves moving

sometimes they get tired. Do this app much applicable for the security guards to

use this to make it easy switching on/off the lights?

1.3 Hypotheses

Improves the life productivity of guards in University of Science and Technology of

Southern Philippines, Oroquieta Campus. They won’t be tired in securing the area that’s

why guard won’t have the valid reason to resign or quit the work. They surely love the

work and are on time in terms of duties.

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study will benefit the security guards in University of Science and Technology of

Southern Philippines, Oroquieta Campus. They don’t need to inspect all the area in

school just to check if the lights are turn on/off. It doesn’t consume their physical

strength and energy and they can still perform their duty well.

1.5 Scope and Delimitation

This study focused only for the security guards in USTP Oroquieta Campus. Motion

sensor lights have switches to control both the sensitivity of the motion sensor and the

amount of time the lights stay on. They don’t need to inspect the area to turn on/off the

lights switch. This is a great application for them to perform their duty well. They have to

turn on the Wi-Fi and GPS to locate the area and clap twice on the smartphone to

detect motion so that the lights will turn on/off.

1.6 Definition of terms

WSANs- are sometimes referred to as wireless sensor and actor networks because

they can involve more than a single actuator on an actor point.

Motion Sensor (or motion detector) - is the linchpin of your security system because it’s

the main device that detects when someone is in your home when they shouldn’t be. A

motion sensor uses one or multiple technologies to detect movement in an area.

Home Automation- is the technological solution that enables automating the bulk of

electronic, electrical and technology based tasks within a home. It uses a combination

of hardware and software technologies that enable control and management over

appliances and devices within a home.

Smartphone- is the cellular telephone with an integrated computer and other features

not originally associated with telephones, such an operating system, web browsing and

the ability to run software applications.

Wi-Fi- is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio wave to

provide wireless high speed internet and network connections. A common

misconception is that the term Wi-Fi is short for “wireless fidelity”, however this id not

the case Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked phrase that means IEEE 802.11x

Global Positioning System (GPS) - is a satellite navigation used to determine the

ground position of an object.GPS technology was first used by the United States military

in the 1960s and expanded into civilian use over the few decades. Today, GPS

receivers are included in many commercial products, such as automobiles, smart

phones, exercise watches and GIS devices.

Actuator - is a component of a machine that is responsible for moving and controlling a

mechanism or system, for example by opening a valve. In simple terms, it is a “mover”.

An actuator requires a control signal and a source of energy.

Light- is the brightness that lets you see things. Light comes from source such as the

sun, moon, lamps, and fire.

Application or application program- is a software program that runs on your computer.

Web browser, e-mail programs word processors, games and utilities are all applications.

The word “application” is used because each program has a specific application for the

user.

Sensor- is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical

environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any

one of a great number of other environment phenomena.

 Chapter 2

Review Related Literature

A wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) is a group of sensors that

gather information about their environment and actuators, such as servos or motors that
interact with them. All elements communicate wirelessly; interaction can be autonomous
or human-controlled. With recent adoption of wireless sensor-actuator networks
(WSANs) in industrial automation, industrial wireless control systems have emerged as
a frontier of cyber-physical systems.

Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) refer to a group of sensors and
actors linked by wireless medium to perform distributed sensing and actuation tasks. In
such a network, sensors gather information about the physical world, while actors take
decisions and then perform appropriate actions upon the environment, which allows
remote, automated interaction with the environment. A sensor is a device used to
measure a property, such as motion, pressure, position, temperature, or acceleration,
and respond with feedback. An actuator is a device to convert an electrical control
signal to a physical action, and constitutes the mechanism by which an agent acts upon
the physical environment.

Although WSNs have been employed in many applications, such as environment

monitoring and health care, there are an increasing number of applications that require
the use of actuators along with sensors. This occurs when the network system needs to
interact with the physical system or the environment via actuators (also called actors).
From the engineering aspect, an actuator is a transducer that accepts a signal and
converts it to a physical action. Actuators transform an input signal into an action upon
the environment. Typical examples of actuators are robots, electrical motors, and
humans. Traditional sensor and actuator networks use wired communications among
themselves; these networks have been well studied. The advent of small, intelligent,
low-energy, and low-cost wireless sensing and actuation devices has the potential to
significantly expand existing applications of wired sensor actuator networks. Wireless
sensor actuator networks (WSANs) are emerging as the next generation of WSNs. The
major difference between WSANs and WSNs is that WSANs are capable of changing
the environment and physical world while WSNs cannot. Wireless sensor actuator
networks are envisioned for applications that include disaster relief operations,
intelligent buildings, home automation, smart spaces, and others.

Home automation gives you access to control devices in your home from a
mobile device anywhere in the world. The term may be used for isolated programmable
devices, like thermostats and sprinkler systems, but home automation more accurately
describes homes in which nearly everything — lights, appliances, electrical outlets,
heating and cooling systems — are hooked up to a remotely controllable network. From
a home security perspective, this also includes your alarm system, and all of the doors,
windows, locks, smoke detectors, surveillance cameras and any other sensors that are
linked to it.

Automation is, unsurprisingly, one of the two main characteristics of home

automation. Automation refers to the ability to program and schedule events for the
devices on the network. The programming may include time-related commands, such
as having your lights turn on or off at specific times each day. It can also include non-
scheduled events, such as turning on all the lights in your home when your security
system alarm is triggered. What kinds of things can be part of a home automation
system? Ideally, anything that can be connected to a network can be automated and
controlled remotely. In the real world (outside of research labs and the homes of the rich
and famous), home automation most commonly connects simple binary devices. This
includes “on and off” devices such as lights, power outlets and electronic locks, but also
devices such as security sensors which have only two states, open and closed.

A home automation system is a technological solution that enables automating

the bulk of electronic, electrical and technology-based tasks within a home. It uses a
combination of hardware and software technologies that enable control and
management over appliances and devices within a home. Home automation is also
known as domotics, and a home with an automation system is also known as a smart
home. In the near future, home automation may be standardized to let us truly take
advantage of all of these additional possibilities. For the time being, the home security
providers that specialize in home automation have focused on the most critical and
useful parts of a connected home. At a basic level, this means the doors and windows
and environmental devices (thermostat, smoke detectors, temperature, humidity, fire
and carbon dioxide sensors) that keep you safe and comfortable. For additional real-
time security, convenience and control, home automation systems from security
providers should also include options for video cameras. With the best systems, you’ll
also be able to include lights and individual electrical outlets into your home automation
package.

At the most basic level, home automation extends that scheduled

programmability to lighting, so that you can suit your energy usage to your usual daily
schedule. With more flexible home automation systems, electrical outlets or even
individual devices can also be automatically powered down during hours of the day
when they’re not needed. As with isolated devices like thermostats and sprinkler
systems, the scheduling can be further broken down to distinguish between weekends
and even seasons of the year, in some cases.

Motion sensors are popular when it comes to security and energy efficiency.
They can be used for burglary alarms or security cameras, activating these devices
when it senses motion in the vicinity. It can be an energy saver by shutting off lights in a
building when it senses no motion anymore, which is used regularly in office buildings or
restrooms. There are three types of motion sensors that are used frequently: Passive
Infrared (PIR), Microwave, and Dual Tech/Hybrid.

Motion sensors are devices made to detect activity. These can be used indoors
or outdoors to enhance your home protection. Whenever an indoor sensor is tripped, a
signal is sent to your security system’s control panel or base station, and then your
monitoring company is notified. From there, you may be contacted by your monitoring
company or the authorities may be dispatched. It’s also important to note that some
motion sensors can be self-installed and come with professional monitoring. This gives
you the freedom to place them wherever you feel is best in your home.

Different types of motion sensors:

These devices come in different types, depending on the use location and
technology. The most common type you’ll find is passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors,
and this is because they recognize heat signatures. Some PIR motion sensors are
designed to avoid pets up to a certain weight, making these great for pet owners.

Dual-technology motion sensors can be more superior to their single-technology

counterparts as they can help prevent more false alarms with two types, such as
combining PIR with microwave technology. We break down several types of motions
sensors you’ll find while shopping below:

 Passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors – These are designed to detect body heat
and movement within the parameters of the sensor. This is most common
technology used in these devices on the market today.
 Microwave motion sensors – These devices send of microwave pulses, are able
to provide more coverage, and are usually more expensive.
 Ultrasonic motion sensors – These sensors emit ultrasonic waves and can
calculate the reflection of those waves from a moving object.
 Dual-technology motion sensors – These devices combine different motion-
sensing technologies, such as PIR and ultrasonic technologies combine in one
sensor.

A motion sensor light will calm your fears when it automatically lights up a dark
garage, a dark sidewalk or even a dark area of your yard. Whether you're coming home
at night, have to navigate a dark, icy sidewalk or wonder about strange noises in your
back yard, you'll be safer when any nearby motion activates your outdoor lights and
they switch on. This project was designed to eliminate the struggle of forgetting to turn
off lights before bed, and when the room is sufficiently lit from outdoor light. People who
are lazy, forgetful, and clumsy would love this. All you need to clap your hands to turn
off the lights.
 A smartphone is a mobile phone that includes advanced functionality beyond making
phone calls and sending text messages. Most smartphones have the capability to
display photos, play videos, check and send e-mail, and surf the Web. Modern
smartphones, such as the iPhone and Android based phones can run third-
party applications, which provides limitless functionality.

Wi-Fi Positioning System (WPS) is a term pioneered by Skyhook Wireless to

describe its Wi-Fi-based location system. However, other companies like Google,
Apple, and Microsoft use GPS to determine Wi-Fi networks too, which can then be used
to find someone's location based solely on Wi-Fi. You might sometimes see a GPS app
ask you to switch on Wi-Fi to get a more accurate location. It probably seems weird to
assume that you’re Wi-Fi as anything to do with GPS tracking, but the two can actually
work together for a more precise location.

Wi-Fi and GPS, if you want to call it that is particularly useful in urban areas where
there are Wi-Fi networks broadcasting sell over the place. However, the benefits are
even greater when you consider that there are some circumstances where it's simply
too difficult for GPS to work, like underground, in buildings or malls where GPS is too
weak or intermittent.

Devices that have both GPS and Wi-Fi can be used to send information about a
network back to a GPS company so that they can determine where the network is. The
way this works is by having the device send the access point's BSSID (MAC address)
along with the location determined by GPS. When GPS is used to determine the
location of a device; it also scans nearby networks for publicly accessible information
that can be used to identify the network. Once the location and nearby networks are
found, the information is recorded online. The next time someone is near one of those
networks but they don't have great GPS signal, the service can be used to determine an
approximate location since the network's location is known.

Don't you just hate getting into bed, getting comfortable, and then realizing you
forgot to turn off the lights? This project was designed to eliminate the struggle of
forgetting to turn off lights before bed, and when the room is sufficiently lit from outdoor
light. People who are lazy, forgetful, and clumsy would love this. All you need to start is
just two photons and a spark fun sound detector.

According to Alan Mond (Published November 10, 2016 © MIT) “This project will
show you how to create your own Wi-Fi light switch and be able to control your light
from a native mobile app. When leaving my house, I would often forget to turn the lights
off. This has been a recurring problem so I searched for a solution. I couldn't find a nice
looking 3 gang light switch that would be affordable, connected to the cloud and easily
controllable natively from my phone. Wi-Fi My Lights started as a Wi-Fi Project.
However, when I discovered the possibilities with 6 different modes for each button, I
started playing around with custom settings such as ALL LIGHTS OFF with a long
press! Below I will outline the steps I took so you can also make one!”
 Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter discuss about:

1. Subject Selection

Subject Selection

This study focused on helping guards inside the USTP-Oroquieta Campus, which is

incharge in maintaining peace order inside the campus night and day. The USTP

Oroquieta Campus has 5 security guards that their schedule is not fixed and they won’t

be able to inspect because they don’t have the same schedule but by using this app it

will help them to not consume their time and one guard is enough to maintain the

campus.
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