Introduction

• Planning personnel Examples of philosophies:

requirements includes planning
Our firm is responsible for our
for: employees from the moment they

CHAPTER 4 –
–
Employee parking
Locker rooms
leave their home until they return.
We must provide adequate
methods of getting to and from
– Rest rooms w ork
– Food services
Employees should earn their
parking locations; all spaces
– Drinking f ountains should be assigned to specific
– Health services individuals
Personnel Requirements
Employees spend 1/3 of their life
w ithin our facility; w e must help
• Can be among the most difficult them enjoy w orking here
to plan because of many
Personnel considerations are of
philosophies relating to little importance in our facility. We
personnel. However, none of pay people to w ork, not to have a
good time
them are universally accepted

2007/08 Izman@fkm.utm.my

Employee-facility interface
• Interface between employee’s
work and non-work activities
includes parking space and
personal belonging storage
• Employee parking. Need to
determine:
– No of cars to be parked
– Space required for each car
– Available space for parking
– Alternative parking layouts
– The best parking layout
• Things to consider:
 If no public transportation, 1
parking space for every 1.25
employees
2007/08 Izman@fkm.utm.my
 if public transportation is
available ,1 parking space for 3
employees
 For handicapped, 2-5 parking
spaces per 100 employees SW – parking width
W – type of module
width
 Parking size depends on type of
car and amount of clearance,
expressed as stall width x stall
depth
 Type of cars – small, standard &
large cars. Refer Table 4.1 for
parking size in each category
 Total area required depends on
parking size, angle and aisle
width
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Employee-facility interface
Typical parking options
Important notes:
- location of parking entrances
& exits should not far from the
plant f acility. Worker should PW θ
not walk more than 500f t to
enter the f acility
walkway
- all plant entrances & exits must
be planned to meet OSHA
(Occupational Safety and Health
SW Act)
- Notice terms used – single/double
θ edge, SW of 8’6” for std cars
loaded, wall to wall, walking
passage
Employee-facility interface
Solution:
Example 4.1
No of employees = 200 No of parking space req = 200/2 = 100
Survey results
Small cars = 0.4 x 100 = 40 say 30
1 Parking Space/2 employees
since not all drivers park in allocated
40% - small cars area
5% - handicapped Handicap slot = 5% x 100 = 5
Standard car = 100 – 35 = 65
Available parking lot = 180 x 200 ft
deep
Ref er to Table 4.1, module option W3:
Stall width used = 8’6” for std cars
Assume no wall & no walking Compact car (8’0”) module with
900, W3 57’2”
Standard car (8’6”)
Determine the best parking layout 900, W3 66’0”

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1
 Employee-facility interface Employee-facility interface

• Step 1 – check the depth of the lot Step 1: Checking depth, 200ft Step 3: No of cars in each
(200ft) compact 2 module of standard cars + 1 category
• Step 2 – check the width of the lot 57’2”
module of compact car Compact cars = 44
aisle
(180ft) = 2(66) + 1(57’2”) = 189’2” Standard cars = 84
compact
• Step 3 – check the potential no of Since 189’2’ < 200, depth is OK Total = 128 > 100 cars
Standard W3 module conf iguration is
cars in each category
• Step 4 – modify layout for 15 ft aisle 66’ 200 ft Step 2: Checking width, 180ft SW f easible!
handicap requirements & Standard No of compact car/row = 180/8 Step 4: Modify layout
circulation = 22.5 ≅ 22 cars Handicap car requirement
Standard
• General layout configuration 2 rows of compact car = 2x22 Parking size = 12’wx20’d
aisle
shown on the right is one of the 66’ = 44 cars Standard car requirement
alternatives for the parking layout No of standard car/row = 180/8.5 Parking size = 8.6’wx20’d
Standard + handicap
≅ 21 Compact car requirement
180 ft 4 rows of std car = 4x21 = 84 cars Parking size = 8’wx17’d
width
2007/08 Izman@fkm.utm.my 2007/08 Izman@fkm.utm.my

Employee-facility interface
15’

Step 4: Modifying layout Total no of cars in the f inal layout:

Calculate no of cars in each row
Row 1
5 handicap cars = 5x12 = 60’
No of std cars = (180 – 60)/8.5 = 14
Row 2, 3 & 4
2 circulation aisles = 2x15 = 30’
No of std cars = (180-30)/8.5 = 17
Row 5
2 circulation aisles = 2x15 = 30’
No of compact cars = (180-30)/8 = 18
Row 6
No of compact cars = 180/8 = 22
= Row (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6)
= 14+ 5 + 17 + 17 + 17 + 18 + 22
= 110 cars
Notes:
Module width depends on the aisle
width and the stall depth (SD)
Module depth depends on the stall
width (SW) and parking width (PW)
which subjects to parking angle θ
Module depth = y + (no of stalls x
PW)
SW
SD

θ
y PW
2007/08 Izman@fkm.utm.my 2007/08 Izman@fkm.utm.my
Module depth

Storage for personal belongings

4.4 Standard cars (8’6”), 90° (because a perpendicular
alignment has the best utilization of space), W2: Module
width (from Table 4.1) = 66’0”

First, determine how many modules the depth of the parking lot can • Location of storage –
hold: between employee entrance
and work area
(370’/66’) = 5.606 modules (round down to 5.5, because each module
has two rows in it.). • Purpose – to store lunch,
briefcase, purse
Next, determine the number of cars that can be parked per module:
(400’/8’6”) = 47 cars/row * 2 rows/module = 94 cars/module
• Coat rack – provided for
non-toxic work environment
Finally, multiply the number of cars/module by the number of modules • Locker room with shower &
in the parking lot:
94 cars/module * 5.5 modules/parking lot = 517 cars/parking lot
toilet facilities – especially
for toxic work environment
Note: If a 9’ standard car width is used, then 484 cars can be parked in • Area – 6ft2 per employee
the lot. If a 9’6” standard car width is used, then 462 cars can be parked
in the parking lot.

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2
 Restrooms
• Location – within 200ft of
every permanent workstation
• Decentralize restrooms more
preferable than centralize
• Made available for handicap
• No of toilets based on no of
employees working within a
facility (see table 4.2)
• Space planning purposes –
12.5 to 15ft2 for each toilet
• Urinal & sink areas - 6ft2
• Sufficient aisles should be Toilet: 2.5’x5’
provided: 3’- 6’ depending on
clearance between two rows Shower stall: 3’x5’
• Interior of rest room must not Distance bet sinks: 2’ min
visible from outside when
door is open Approx floor area f or toilet: 140 –190f t2

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• Becomes a necessity for a
firm to avoid excessive loss
time and toxic food
• Planning based on no of
employees during peak
activity time
• Kitchen facilities depend on
the total no of meals to be
served
• Options available:
1. Dining away f rom the
f acility
2. Vending machines &
caf eteria
3. Serving line & kitchen
4. Full kitchen & caf eteria
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Food services
• Problems with 1st alternative
– Break time must be longer
– Loss supervision on the
employee – not return to
work, horseplay, return late
etc
– Loss worker interaction
– Loss worker concentration
– Outside f acilities may not
suf ficient to cater all
employees
• Most companies adopt
combination of the next three
options
• Space requirements as
shown in Fig 4.7, 4.8, Table
4.4 & 4.5
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Food services

• Only justify >

400
employees
• Mgmt takes
full control
over food
services

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3

• Typical types of health
services provided:
– Pre-employment
examinations
– First aid treatment
– Major medical treatment
– Dental care
– Treatment of illnesses
• Most industries have at least
a small first aid room
• Area required: min100ft2
• Expand the area to 250ft2 if
employ One nurse, two beds
• Waiting room: 25-75ft2
• Additional nurse: add 250ft2
2007/08
Anthropometric
data for normal and
disabled people
must be obtained
to facilitate in
designing facilities
2007/08
OFFICE FACILITY PLANNING
• Common issues in office
planning
– Size, noise, proximity of facilities
such as boss, photocopy machine,
cafeteria, entrance/exit door etc
• Starting point – define
objective, collect data
concerning activities related to
office
• Final touch – conduct series of
interview with management
staff to refine office
requirements
2007/08
Health services
Location of health services
- Adjacent to first aid room, in
quiet area, close to the most
hazardous activities
Izman@fkm.utm.my
Anthropometric
data consists of
static and dynamic
dimensions of
human body at
various positions
Izman@fkm.utm.my
• Open vs close office
– Open office free from temporary
or permanent partition walls,
space is open and no floor-to-
ceiling wall exists
– Closed office has structure that
breakups office facility into smaller
rooms with temporary or
permanent partitions floor-to-
ceiling
• Advantages of open office
– Improved communications
– Improved supervision
– Better access to common files and
equipment
Izman@fkm.utm.my
Barrier-Free Compliance
• To ensure similar facilities are • Facilities planners should know
provided to disabled persons how to assign space
• All barriers that would impede requirements for handicapped
the use of facilities must be person
removed
• Fig 4.10 shows typical
• Some examples:
clearances for wheel chair and
– Wide door to accommodate wheel
chair reach zone requirements for
– Stairs with ramp access to any handicapped person
facility
– Proper signage
• These size will dictate the
– Handle & rails in toilet
placement of telephone, towel
– Special letters/codes printed on lift
button for blind peoples racks, trash, cup disposers,
switches, door latch, etc.
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OFFICE FACILITY PLANNING
• Advantages of open office • Some counter measures:
(cont..) – Visual privacy – use screens or
– Easier to illuminate, heat , cool movable partitions, relocate
and ventilate workstations to avoid
– Lower maintenance costs intersecting lines of sight
– Reduced space requirements
due to space flexibility – Audible privacy – used
soundproofing partitions,
introduce electronic noise
• Disadvantages of open office
(music) to mask sound
– Lack of privacy
– Lack of status recognition
• Recommend closed offices when
– Difficult in controlling noise
work is confidential, noise cannot
– Easy access for interruptions
be masked, tasks requires high
and interference
concentration
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