Global Journal of Medical Research: J

Dentistry and Otolaryngology

Volume 14 Issue 4 Version 1.0 Year 2014
Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA)
Online ISSN: 2249-4618 & Print ISSN: 0975-5888

Waveone and one Shape Files: Survival in Severely Curved Artificial

Canals
By Emilia Karova & Snezhanka Topalova-Pirinska
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Bulgaria
Abstract- Nickel-titanium rotary instruments are preferred for their excellent flexibility,
superelasticity and improved cutting efficiency but they can separate unexpectedly, especially in
curved canals. Instrumentation with WaveOne and One Shape files was performed on 200
artificial canals divided in four equal groups. Glide path was created with PathFiles and G-files.
Average lifespan and survival rate of the shaping files were tested, before and after a glide path
creation. Average lifespan of WaveOne and One Shape files without a creation of a glide path
was 10.25±2.50 canals and 4.1 (±1.37) canals, respectively and after the creation of a glide
path – 17.50±2.12 canals and 4.6 (±1.30) canals. Average lifespan and cumulative survival of
the tested files revealed significant difference. WaveOne files showed significantly higher
resistance to fracture compared with One Shape files. Lifespan and survival rate of tested files
increased after the creation of a glide path. Reciprocal motion increases significantly instruments
life.
Keywords: nickel-titanium instruments, waveone, one shape, pathfiles, g-files, glide path,
lifespan, cumm-ulative survival, continuous rotation, reciprocating motion.
GJMR-J Classification: NLMC Code: WV 1

WaveoneandoneShapeFilesSurvivalinSeverelyCurvedArtificialCanals
Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:

© 2014. Emilia Karova & Snezhanka Topalova-Pirinska. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting
all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 Waveone and one Shape Files: Survival in
Severely Curved Artificial Canals
Emilia Karova α & Snezhanka Topalova-Pirinska σ
Abstract- Nickel-titanium rotary instruments are preferred for
their excellent flexibility, superelasticity and improved cutting
efficiency but they can separate unexpectedly, especially in
curved canals. Instrumentation with WaveOne and One Shape
files was performed on 200 artificial canals divided in four
equal groups. Glide path was created with PathFiles and G-
files. Average lifespan and survival rate of the shaping files
were tested, before and after a glide path creation. Average
lifespan of WaveOne and One Shape files without a creation of
a glide path was 10.25±2.50 canals and 4.1 (±1.37) canals,
respectively and after the creation of a glide path –
17.50±2.12 canals and 4.6 (±1.30) canals. Average lifespan
and cumulative survival of the tested files revealed significant
difference. WaveOne files showed significantly higher
resistance to fracture compared with One Shape files.
Lifespan and survival rate of tested files increased after the
creation of a glide path. Reciprocal motion increases
significantly instruments life.
Keywords: nickel-titanium instruments, waveone, one
shape, pathfiles, g-files, glide path, lifespan, cumm-
ulative survival, continuous rotation, reciprocating
motion.
I. Introduction
M
echanical instrumentation and thorough
debridement of root canal space are essential
prerequisites for successful endodontic
treatment (Schilder, 1974; Hulsmann et al., 2005).
Stainless steel files can be used for achieving this goal
but recently nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments are
preferred for their excellent flexibility, superelasticity and
improved cutting efficiency (Chen et al., 2002; Sonntag
et al., 2003; Peters, 2004; Schäfer et al., 2004). These
instruments can minimize ledging and transportation,
create more centered and rounded canal preparation
and for these reasons are frequently chosen for
instrumentation of curved root canals (Short et al., 1997;
Bonaccorso et al., 2009; Cheung et al., 2009). Despite
their undeniably favorable qualities, NiTi rotary
instruments can separate unexpectedly, especially when
they are forced into the canal or are overused (Sattapan
et al., 2000; Arens et al., 2003). Fractures of NiTi rotary
instruments are result of torsional stress or cyclic flexural
Author α: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental
Medicine, Medical University, Sofia; 1, St. George Sofiiski blvd., 1431
Sofia, Bulgaria. e-mail: karova_e@yahoo.com
Author σ : Prof. Dr. Snezhanka Topalova-Pirinska, PhD, Department of
Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University,
Sofia; 1, St. George Sofiiski blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
e-mail: toppir@abv.bg
fatigue (Di Fiore, 2007; Wu et al., 2011). Root canal
anatomy, instrument design, manufacturing process,
preparation technique and operator skill can affect the
fracture mode and the fracture rate of these instruments
2014
(Parahos et al., 2004; Parashos et al., 2006; Shen et al.,
2009; Kim et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2010). The chance
Year
of removing the broken file is very low in some cases
and sometimes may be impossible without
1
compromising the endodontic treatment outcome
(Hulsmann et al., 1999).
J ) Volume XIV Issue IV Version I
To reduce the separation incidence,
manufacturers have developed new techniques to
improve the physical and mechanical properties of their
instruments. One important modification of the NiTi
alloy, which makes rotary systems more flexible and
more resistant to cyclic fatigue, and improves their
cutting efficiency, is the M-Wire alloy (Dentsply Tulsa
Dental, Tulsa, OK) (Gambarini et al., 2008; Alapati et al.,
2009; Lopes et al., 2013). M-Wire is a NiTi alloy
prepared by a special thermal process and is used in
the production of WaveOne reciprocating files (Dentsply,
Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK).
Reciprocating mode of rotation has been
Global Journal of Medical Research ( D
introduced recently with the intent to extend the lifespan
of a NiTi instrument and its resistance to fatigue in
comparison with continuous rotation (De-Deus et al.,
2010; Varela Patino et al., 2010; You et al., 2010; Franco
et al., 2011; Pedulla et al., 2013). WaveOne files are
used with specific motor with unchangeable settings.
The engine generates different angles of rotation - 170º
counterclockwise and then 50º clockwise rotation with a
speed of 350 rpm – which affect the fatigue resistance
(Kim et al., 2012). The system consists of 3 sterile
single-use files with noncutting modified guiding tips:
small (ISO 21 tip and 6% taper) for small canals, primary
(ISO 25 tip and 8% taper) for the majority of canals, and
large (ISO 40 tip and 8% taper) for large canals. The last
two have fixed tapers of 8% from D1 to D3, whereas
from D4 to D16, they have a unique progressively
decreasing percentage tapered design. Thus, flexibility
is improved and the remaining dentin in the coronal two
thirds of the canal is preserved. Another unique design
features of the WaveOne files are the reverse helix and
the two distinct cross-sections along the length of their
active portions (a modified convex triangular cross
section from D1 to D8 and a convex triangular cross
section from D9 to D16). The design of the two
WaveOne cross sections is further enhanced by a
© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US)
 Waveone and one Shape Files: Survival in Severely Curved Artificial Canals
changing pitch and helical angle along their active
portions (Webber et al., 2011).
One Shape rotary NiTi files (MicroMega) work
with continuous rotation and the producers try to
increase their flexibility and to reduce instrument
screwing effects by a variable cross-section along the
blade of the instrument. They have 3 different cross-
section zones: apical (with a variable 3-cutting-edge
design), transitional (progressively changing from 3 to 2
cutting edges) and coronal (with 2 cutting edges). Anti
Breakage Control (ABC) increases safety and avoids
separation by unwinding of the instrument. The system
consists of one sterile single file for root canal shaping
2014
(ISO 25 tip and 6% taper) with variable pitch and non-
Year
working (safety) tip.
File distortion and breakage, especially in
2 severely curved canals, can be reduced or avoided not
only by improved design and mechanical properties of
Global Journal of Medical Research ( J ) Volume XIV Issue IV Version I
the instruments, but by manual preflaring of the root
canal and creation of a glide path, as well. There is a
strong evidence in the literature (Roland et al., 2002;
Berruti et al., 2004; Varela-Patino et al., 2005; Zarrabi et
al., 2010) that fracture incidence might be reduced as a
result of the preliminary enlargement of the root canal
diameter. Thus, the size of the canal becomes bigger
than or at least the same size as the tip of the first
shaping rotary instrument used (Berruti et al., 2004;
Varela-Patino et al., 2005). Hand-operated and engine-
driven instruments can be used for glide path creation.
Recently, two new rotary NiTi systems have been
introduced for this purpose: PathFile System (Dentsply
Maillefer) and G-Files (MicroMega).
The aim of the present study was to compare
the survival of WaveOne and One Shape files used for
the instrumentation of severely curved artificial canals,
before and after the creation of a glide path.
II. Materials and Methods
Canal preparation was performed on 200 Endo-
Training Block simulators (Dentsply Maillefer) with an
apical diameter of 0.15 and a 0.02 taper, a 65 degree
curvature and a 7.5 mm curvature radius.
The canals were divided in four equal groups:
1st group – shaped with WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer)
reciprocating files; 2nd group – shaped with One Shape
(Micro Mega) files; 3rd group – preflared with PathFile
System (Dentsply Maillefer) and shaped with WaveOne
files; 4th group – preflared with G-Files (Micro Mega) and
shaped with One Shape files.
Average lifespan and cumulative survival at the
time of WaveOne and One Shape files were tested,
before and after a glide path creation.
Following the instructions of the producer all
files were operated using The WaveOne™ Endodontic
system (Dentsply Maillefer), which is pre-programmed
with settings for the WaveOne reciprocating file system.
© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US)
The One Shape files were used with a rotation speed of
400 rpm and torque 2.0gr/cm2. PathFiles and G-files
worked at one and the same rotation speed (300 rpm)
and torque (0.6gr/cm2). The amount of pressure applied
to all files was the pressure that could be applied to a
sharp #2 pencil without breaking the lead. The files
were never forced into the canal.
Initially, all canals were scouted to full working
length with a #10 hand K-file. In the first group all canals
were shaped with the small (ISO 21 tip and 6% taper)
WaveOne file, following the instructions of the producer
(a #10 hand K-file to be very resistant to movement at
the initial inspection of the root canals).
In the second group shaping was performed
with One Shape files (ISO 25 tip and 6% taper).
In the third group a glide path was created at the
beginning with PathFile System. It consists of three
instruments with a square cross section, four cutting
angles, 21-25-31 mm length, a 0.02 taper and a size of
the tip ISO 13, 16 and 19. Later, the canals were
instrumented with the small (ISO 21 tip and 6% taper)
WaveOne file.
In the fourth group G-Files were used for glide
path creation. G-Files consist of two instruments 21-25-
29 mm long, with a 0.03 taper, a size of the tip ISO 12
and 17 and a variable cross-section throughout the
length of the instrument. The 3 cutting edges are on
three different radiuses relative to the axis of the canal,
leaving a large and efficient area for upward debris
removal. Shaping was finished with One Shape files
(ISO 25 tip and 6% taper).
WaveOne and One Shape files worked till
fracture occurred.
During mechanical instrumentation each file
was coated with Glyde™ (Dentsply Maillefer) to act as a
lubricant, and copious irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl was
carried out.
The instrumentation of all canals was performed by a
single operator.
III. Results
a) Average Lifespan of Shaping Files
i. Comparison between WaveOne and One Shape
files
Fifteen files were used in canals’ preparation
and fourteen of them broke: 4 WaveOne files and 10
One Shape files. The longest lifespan of a single
WaveOne file was 13 canals and of a single One Shape
file - 7 canals. Respectively, the shortest lifespan was 7
and 2 canals.
The average lifespan of one WaveOne file was
10.25±2.50 canals and of a single One Shape file -
4.1±1.37 canals. The difference was statistically
significant (p<0.001) (t-test).
ii. Comparison between WaveOne and
WaveOne+PathFiles
 Waveone and one Shape Files: Survival in Severely Curved Artificial Canals

Eight WaveOne reciprocating files were used in
canals’ preparation and six of them broke: 4 files before
the creation of a glide path and 2 after the initial
enlargement of the artificial canals with PathFile System.
The longest lifespan of a single file from the first group
was 13 canals and from the second group – 19 canals.
The shortest lifespan was measured in the first group
and was 7 canals.
The average lifespan of one WaveOne file
without a creation of a glide path was 10.25±2.50
canals and after a creation of a glide path – 17.50±2.12
canals. The difference was statistically significant
(p<0.05) (t-test).
The average lifespan of a single One Shape file
without a creation of a glide path was 4.1 (±1.37) canals
and after a creation of a glide path – 4.6 (±1.30) canals.
The difference was statistically insignificant (р>0.05) (t-
test).
iv. Comparison between WaveOne+PathFiles and
One Shape+G-Files
Twelve shaping files were used after the initial
enlargement of the canals – 3 WaveOne files and 9 One
Shape files. During the instrumentation ten of them
broke: 2 WaveOne files and 8 One Shape files. The
longest lifespan of a single file from the first group was

2014
19 canals and from the second group – 6 canals. The
iii. Comparison between One Shape and One shortest lifespan was measured in the second group

Shape+G-Files
Nineteen files were used during the
instrumentation and 18 of them broke: 10 in the group
without a glide path and 8 – after the preliminary
Year
and was only 2 canals.
After the creation of a glide path, the average
lifespan of one WaveOne file was 17.50±2.12 canals 3
and of a single One Shape file–4.63±1.30 canals. The

J ) Volume XIV Issue IV Version I

enlargement with G-Files. The longest lifespan in the first difference was statistically significant (p<0.001) (t-test).
group is 7 canals and in the second – 6 canals. Two The results of the average lifespan of the tested shaping
canals were the shortest lifespan in both groups. files can be summarized in Table 1.
Table 1 : Average lifespan of WaveOne and One Shape rotary files

Highest number of Lowest number of

Number of
№ Preparation technique successfully treated successfully treated Average
broken files
canals canals lifespan
1 WaveOne 4 13 7 10.25±2.50
2 WaveOne+PathFile 2 19 16 17.50±2.12
3 One Shape 10 7 2 4.1 (±1.37)

Global Journal of Medical Research ( D

4 One Shape+G-Files 8 6
b) Cumulative Survival at the Time of Shaping Files
The survival rate for one WaveOne files was
75% at the instrumentation of the 8th canal, 50% at the
11th one and 25% at the shaping of the twelve canal.
The cumulative proportion surviving at the time
for One Shape was 90% at the instrumentation of the 3rd
canal, 70% at the 4th one, 30% at the 5th and 10% at the
6th canal. All files were broken at the preparation of the
8th canal.
The cumulative survival for WaveOne files, after
the creation of a glide path, was 50% at the
instrumentation of the 17th canal and all files were
separated at the instrumentation of the 20th canal.
The survival rate for One Shape files, after the
creation of a glide path, was 88.9% at the
instrumentation of the 3rd canal, 66.7% at the
instrumentation of the 5th canal, 26.7% at the preparation
of the 6th canal and all files were separated at the
instrumentation of the 7th canal.
i. Comparison between
WaveOne and One Shape
files
The comparison between the two systems
reveals significant difference (р<0.05). At the 6th canal
2 4.63±1.30
the cumulative survival of one WaveOne file was 100%,
while it was only 10% for a single One Shape file. At the
8th canal 75% of WaveOne files were intact but all One
Shape files were broken.
ii. Comparison between WaveOne and
WaveOne+PathFiles
After the creation of a glide path, all WaveOne
Files were intact (100% survival) at the instrumentation
of the 14th canal, while all of them from the first group
(without a glide path) were broken. The log-rank test
presented a significantly longer survival (р<0.05) for the
instruments used after a glide path was created.
iii. Comparison between One Shape and One
Shape+G-Files
At the shaping of the 5th canal, after the
creation of a glide path, the cumulative survival of a
single One Shape file (66.7%) was twice as high as in
the first group (30%).
Although the survival rate increased after the
preliminary enlargement of the canal diameter, the
difference between the two groups remained
insignificant (р>0.05).

© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Waveone and one Shape Files: Survival in Severely Curved Artificial Canals
iv. Comparison between WaveOne+PathFiles and
One Shape+G-Files
When comparing the results from both groups,
it is found that at the instrumentation of the 7th canal all
WaveOne files were intact (100% survival), while all One
Shape files were broken. After the creation of a glide
2014 Year
4
Global Journal of Medical Research ( J ) Volume XIV Issue IV Version I
Figurer 1 : Survival curves of WaveOne and One Shape files
IV. Discussion
Our study was carried out on standardized
artificial canals, which are expected to minimize the
influence of other variables (Yao et al., 2006). We used
Endo-Training Block simulators with high degree
curvature in the apical 1/3 because we wanted to trace
out and to compare the survival of WaveOne and One
Shape rotary files under the conditions of greater stress.
It is well documented in in vitro investigations that a
stronger curvature and a smaller radius of the root canal
increase the risk of rotary instrument fracture (Pruett et
al., 1997; Zelada et al., 2002; Martin et al., 2003).
Despite the proven beneficial characteristics of the
nickel-titanium rotary instruments, the risk of their
separation, especially during the instrumentation of
severely curved canals is higher (Iqbal et al., 2006; You
et al., 2010; Setzer et al., 2013). Fracture of NiTi files is a
result of flexural and torsional failure. Flexural fracture is
due to repeated compression and tension in curved
canals that lead to cyclic flexural fatigue of the metal
and the initiation of cracks from the outer surface of the
instrument (Berutti et al., 2006). In majority of cases,
torsional fracture occurs in the last millimeters of the file
when the tip or any other part of the instrument binds to
the canal walls whereas the handpiece keeps turning
(Sattapan et al., B 2000; Arens et al., 2003; Di Fiore,
2007; Varela Patino et al., 2010). Consequently, NiTi files
exposed to torsional stress are more susceptible to
© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US)
path, the log-rank test presented a significantly longer
survival for the WaveOne instruments when compared
with the One Shape files (р<0.05).
The survival curves of the tested instruments are
presented on Fig. 1.
fracture and can break at a lower cyclic fatigue (Cheung
et al., 2005), and at the same time, torsional resistance
decreases in used files (Parashos et al., 2006).
The observations in our study are similar to the
findings in the works of Pruett et al., Varela Patino et al.
and Tygesen et al. (Pruett et al., 1997; Tygesen et al.,
2001; Varela Patino et al., 2005). Instrument breakage
occurred in the apical portion of the canal, a few
millimeters from the tip of the file, at the point of
maximum flexure within the canal, where the stress is
greatest.
The choice of the instruments compared in our
investigation was not accidental. Our attention was
directed to WaveOne and One Shape NiTi rotary files
because they are sterile single-file systems and have
non-working (safety) tip and variable cross-sections
along the blade of the instrument. At the same time, they
work with different mode of rotation – reciprocating
(WaveOne) and continuous (One Shape). Both
producers claim their products are safe and ensure an
effective apical progression with low risk of fractures and
obstructions. In fact, the incidence of their separation in
clinical practice can increase as s result of overusage
due to their high cost.
The examined files have different size of the tip
because of two reasons: firstly, the One Shape files are
offered only in one size and secondly, the tip size of the
WaveOne file was chosen strictly following the
instructions of the manufacturer - to use the small
 Waveone and one Shape Files: Survival in Severely Curved Artificial Canals
WaveOne file, if #10 hand K-file doesn’t easily move
toward the terminus of the canal.
Sometimes, shaping of severely curved canals
is a big challenge. That is the reason most clinical
guidelines and manufacturers’ recommendations for
instrumentation with rotary NiTi instruments to claim
reduction of canal curvature. It can be achieved either
by creating straight-line access, which is not always
possible, or by initial enlargement of the canal. The
preliminary creation of a glide path can be regarded as
a crucial step during chemomechanical endodontic
procedures which reduces the interference of the
shaping instrument with canal walls and makes the
subsequent use of the larger rotary NiTi instruments
safer and more effective (Roland et al., DD, 2002;
Ruddle, 2005; Di Fiore, 2007; Peters et al., 2010). The
probability of canal modifications and aberrations
seems to be significantly reduced (Berruti et al., 2004;
Varela Patino et al., 2005; Berruti et al., 2012).
The role of the initial creation of glide path is
clearly demonstrated in our investigation, as well. After
the preliminary enlargement of the artificial canals the
average lifespan and the cumulative survival of
WaveOne and One Shape files were increased.
In the couple WaveOne-WaveOne+PathFiles
the difference between the average lifespan in the two
groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). From
10.25±2.50 canals it raised to 17.50±2.12 canals, the
number of broken files in the second group decreased
twice and the highest lifespan values were found here –
16 and 19 canals. The log-rank test presented a
significantly longer survival (р<0.05) for the instruments
used after a glide path was created. In this group all
WaveOne files were intact at the instrumentation of the
14th canal while all the files from the first group were
broken; 50% of the instruments remained safe at the
shaping of the 17th canal and the files didn’t break until
the preparation of the 20th canal.
The couple One Shape-One Shape+G-Files
reveals the same tendency. The average lifespan was
increased from 4.1 (±1.37) to 4.6 (±1.30) canals after
the creation of a glide path but the difference was
insignificant (р>0.05). We found the greatest number of
fractures in the study – 10 and 8 files, respectively and
the shortest lifespan of only two uses. At the
instrumentation of the 5th canal in the second group the
cumulative survival of a single One Shape file (66.7%)
was twice as high as in the first group (30%) but the
difference between the two groups remained
insignificant (р>0.05).
The great difference in the results obtained for
WaveOne and One Shape files can be explained to
some extent with the characteristics of the two NiTi
rotary systems used for glide path creation. They are
claimed by the producers to create a good combination
of flexibility, strength and efficacy that allows a safe and
fast use even in severely curved and/or calcified canals.
The last files used from the two systems have different
tip size (PathFile – ISO 19 and G-Files – ISO 17) and
create different apical size of the canal. For the
WaveOne group it is closer to the size (ISO 21) of the
shaping file used when compared with the One Shape
group (ISO 25). Consequently, under one and the same
conditions, the stress accumulated on One Shape files
is greater and the separation incidence increases.
The great number of uses of WaveOne files can
be attributed not only to the creation of a glide path but
to the specific reciprocal way of rotation and their
design, as well. It is well documented that the
2014
reciprocating rotation decreases the impact of cyclic
fatigue on nickel-titanium rotary instrument life and the
Year
incidence of instrument fractures (in resin blocks and
natural teeth) is lower (Varela-Patino et al., 2008; Varela- 5
Patino et al., 2010; You et al., 2010; Pedulla et al., 2103).
J ) Volume XIV Issue IV Version I
The survival of an instrument is directly proportional to
the stress accumulated during work in the root canal
(Berutti et al., 2003).
In the couple WaveOne-One Shape a
statistically significant difference between the average
lifespan of the two groups was found out. For one
WaveOne file it was 10.25±2.50 canals and for a single
One Shape file – only 4.1±1.37 canals. The tendency is
preserved when the comparison was made after the
creation of a glide path. The average lifespan of one
WaveOne file was 17.50±2.12 canals and of a single
One Shape file –4.63±1.30 canals and again the
difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).
The results from the cumulative survival are
Global Journal of Medical Research ( D
similar. The comparison between the two systems
reveals a huge difference. In the couple WaveOne-One
Shape 75% of WaveOne files were intact at the shaping
of the 8th canal while all One Shape files were broken.
When a glide path was created, all One Shape files were
separated at the instrumentation of the 7th canal but
100% of WaveOne files survived.
The findings from our study undoubtedly
demonstrate that reciprocating motion reduces torsional
stress and avoids taper-lock due to the unsymmetrical
repeating of the clockwise and counterclockwise
rotations (Yared et al., 2001; You et al., 2010). Our
results are in agreement with the findings of the work of
Varela Patino et al. (Varela Patino et al., 2010) in which
the incidence of instrument fracture in blocks of resin
was lower with alternating rotation than with continuous
rotation. The mean number of uses in their study was 10
with alternating movement compared with 4-5 uses with
continuous rotation. Torsional stress is additionally
decreased when a glide path is initially created because
the area on which the stress is exerted on is shifted from
the tip of the file to its body. Reciprocating motion raises
our expectations for longer survival of the files and gives
us more comfort and safety, especially during shaping
of severely curved root canals.
© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US)
 Waveone and one Shape Files: Survival in Severely Curved Artificial Canals
V. Conclusion
In conclusion, within the limitations of this study,
WaveOne files showed significantly higher resistance to
fracture compared with One Shape files. Instrumentation
with files with reciprocal motion increases significantly
instruments life and makes them safer during shaping of
root canals. NiTi rotary instruments can be used for
creation of a glide path as a result of which the lifespan
and survival rate of WaveOne and One Shape files
increase.
VI. Acknowledgement
2014
The study is sponsored by the Scientific Council
Year
of Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
6
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