Lecture 9 — Fick’s Laws and Transport with External Forces Sections 5.3 and 5.4 in the textbook Fick’s 1st and 2"4 Laws Sedimentation Electrophoresis Convection and ChromatographyReview: Diffusion equation * From calculating the probability of a molecule being a certain distance away from its starting point after a random walk, we derived the Einstein diffusion equation: mt \ na CrP) = Tepe D Ws aa . we yas K FE % (Lhemal icbasiviry) 2 wt (elechan ar bole et 0 - — b= rake of . a Zz callus. - big 5 Vs d= dubna o parbde bank Lebwiers collicions e+) <7 =9 i occa C7Fick’s Laws of Diffusion * Fick’s laws of diffusion describe how concentration gradients affect diffusion rates * Fick’s first law describes how the flux of molecules, J, depends on the concentration gradient and diffusion coefficient under steady-state conditions: = dens. hak Chany — Je -p4 xc (= Aesty bith tod 2 = doch, leaner qediott <= hey briny Qe IY J oy — Jis the number of molecules that pass a location per second per unit area (units of moles/m’s) 1 te, ( ta (4) coe) — zFick’s Second Law * Fick’s 2"¢ Law can be used to derive concentration profiles for non- steady-state conditions a Ota wall tao t,t F teint Cruse ps les Aca A prakuulys dat Me cools i mol, a= I (eso) - TOK ws KD bow Go ranging acd, box over tine led At FAO 4 _at Fuk's Fat a: y=- XK Are “ v A) = oe. = $2 | At atExample: Constant surface concentration Sour in Gaile, block Boundary Cond bea Grek Kye t=O, C= 0s ee R sue bee . Tarte cantiher £20 t=O Q=0 ak E70 0 2 de pte at Aat - 2 chon Of Verdes Mee 2624, aa dp 3e . 24 D dy ae =p 2. ae dy Ot igh aE) a Sas 4 4 2 a2, — wt, - - wt She aeleoge )= Two = Ze 0 t pa 7 dine)'* l LL - ate [ : ze * Po or| “tq Gee SE = A (40) (ek de 4 ah ay \ ay ay -Im £2 df mts s \ gt > ~ Laan n(38\=" 4p = ce ak Maa e= oc Ce dy ‘ ° aw Cadtan 0= 6 = et(4) + cp 4° ap" Bc az9, ees me Bc « & eho) te P= ez 4 Bek(yy + @ Te. tro, e=0 02D oo al Pg tal (OF Gq ie ark (=) + ts C= tes. Vr jlhn Gr sem C= & “Fly t Rs InGiarke Slob w/ Omthaat pe Tt ; Garba, BnanbebwSedimentation lagu Dunvads Gane = Ganty C whe Ge Gi ¢ me megeong) due fo . et oh Ups bax = Fisity 2 he vac 4 Mrvink Fi = GP ethek Vos gen a (Gnuftea shape ( sur head : choy skeke, U/ solunk) Canbnby \eveans Guenttchanel Veloce “% pts — [0% bees fone angele veloute, b=) Fou = (wm, \wte = mvt . . cant = Coote a Ee eke meee af . watr vf salde sheet meen Fy = Mune an seoe for steda tate velouty,Electrophoresis * The frictional force due to viscosity opposes an electrostatic force acting on a charged molecule moving through an electric field vdouly pv nm by oe mass, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis,Convection Net flow of a gas or liquid, usually through another fluid, without mixing In additional to movement from diffusion, molecules have a net velocity in a specific direction Vem? = << Fidels tt Law de fA 4 at Qo? *& (a8) CE\ LL = Oat toe? aE an aye (E> Wat Ve Plat)e (addy ec )bai (er 06 Hremsrynimics — Conserabion OF omteary bE=w rg a pak bak WE = EL -F sthe Ganckinn Cpatle/ pated whepente band and Week xe pth depedent Suen 0 Wide cad best ib om shake Feachinn Reverlle vers Lecvenbe pores il Pate Pees > Pee Cathe T poss Bbewe pun ik will wee vp (dvs work) Fille -/ P TNE Ru he Re <«-\Pav Fan ys we YO § fae oo aves. Reale wW = 4 ZV \ ween dV we ate 6S) = -RelVi-v,) AG =F ne(G-v)