Unit-I: Signal Analysis & Signal Transmission through Linear Systems

S.No Blooms Mark

Taxanomy s
1 a Define the unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp and unit paraboloc Knowledge 2
signals.
b Determine the power and RMS value of the signal: x(t) = A Applying 3
cos(ω0t+θ)
c Explain orthogonality property between two complex functions f1(t) Understand/ 5
and f2(t) for a real variable t. Comprehension
d Sketch the following signals. Application 5
i. u(t)-u(t-2) ii. ᴨ(t-1/2) iii. ᴨ[(t-1)/2]+ᴨ(t-1)
2. a Define signum function, sinc function and sampling function. Knowledge 2
b Prove the following unit impulse properties: Application 3
∞
(i) ∫−∞ 𝒙(𝒕)𝜹(𝒕)𝒅𝒕 = 𝒙(𝟎)
∞
(ii)∫−∞ 𝒙(𝒕)𝜹(𝒕 − 𝒕𝟎)𝒅𝒕 = 𝒙(𝒕𝟎)

c Prove that sin(nω0t) and cos(mω0t) are orthogonal to each other for Application 5
all integers m, n.
d Derive the mean square error, when a function approximated by a set Understand/ 5
of mutually orthogonal functions. Comprehension
3. a Find the even and odd components of the given signal: x(t) = cos(t) Applying 2
+ sin(t) + cos(t) sin(t)
b Find the fundamental period of the following CTS: Applying 3
(i) x(t) = j ej5t (ii) x(t) = sin(50πt)
c Define a signal. What are the different types of signals. Remember/ 5
Knowledge
d A rectangular function f(t) is defined by Analysis 5

approximate this function by a wave

 form sint over the interval (0, 2π) such that the mean square error is
minimum.
4. a Show that the complex exponential signal x(t) = ejωot is periodic with Application 2

period 2π/ω0.
b Define ideal filter characteristics. Knowledge 3
c Draw the ideal characteristics of low pass, high pass, band pass and Analysis 5
band stop filters.
d Test the linearity, causality, time-variance, stability of the system Application 5
governed by the equation
i. y(n) = a x(n) + b ii. y(n) = n cos[x(n)]
iii. y(n) = n[x(n)]2 + a iv. y(n) = x(n) + n x(n-1)
5. a. Find the even and odd components of the given signal: Applying 2

b A system produces an output of y(t) = e-t u(t) for an input of x(t) = e- Applying 3
2t
u(t). determine the impusle response and frequency response of the
system.
c Define convolution. Find the convolution of two signals x(n) = {1, 2, Application 5
3, 4} and h(n) = {4, 3, 2, 1} and represent them graphically.
d What is an LTI system? Explain its properties. What do you Understand/ 5
understand by the transfer function of an LTI system? Comprehension
6. a Define the following systems with example: Remeber 2
(i) linear and non-linear (ii) time variant and time-invariant.
b Find whether the following systems are dynamic or not: Applying 3
(i) y(t) = x(t-2) (ii) y(n) = x(n+2)
c Explain about the distortion less transmission through a linear Understand/ 5
system. Comprehension

d Find the response of the RC network shown, for an input x(t) = exp(- Application 5
t/RC).
7 a Define orthogonal signal space and orthogonal vector space. Bring Understand/ 5
out clearly its applications in representing a signal and vector Comprehension
respectively.
b Consider a causal LTI system with frequency response H(ω) = Application 5

1/[3+jω]. For a particular input x(t), the system is observed to

produce the output y(t) = e-3t u(t) – e-4t u(t). find the input x(t).
8 a Derive the relationship between rise time and bandwidth. Application 5
b Define amplitude and phase distortion and explain the concept of Application 5
filter characteristics of a linear system.
9 a Find the TF and sketch the amplitude and phase response of the RL Application 5
network. x(t) is input and y(t) is an output.

b State and Prove the Convolution property of Fourier transform. Applying 5

10 a Explain how functions can be approximated using orthogonal Understand/ 5
functions. Comprehension
b Consider a stable system LTI system characterized by the differential Application 5
𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
equation + 2𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡). Find its impulse response.
𝑑𝑡
 ANSWERS

1. a) Define the unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp and unit paraboloc signals.

Answer:

Unit Step Function:

The unit step signal has amplitude of 1 for positive value and amplitude of 0 for negative value
of independent variable. It have two different parameter such as CT unit step signal u(t) and DT
unit step signal u(n). The mathematical representation of CT unit step signal u(t) is given by,

Unit step sequence is defined by,

Ramp Function: The amplitude of every sample is linearly increased with the positive value of
independent variable. Mathematical representation of CT unit ramp signal is given by,

Parabolic Function:
Unit Impulse Function: Impulse function is denoted by δ(t). And it is defined as

1 b) Determine the power and RMS value of the signal: x(t) = A cos(ω0t+θ)

Answer:
1. c) Explain orthogonality property between two complex functions f1(t) and f2(t) for a real
variable t.

Answer:
1. d) Sketch the following signals: i. u(t)-u(t-2) ii. ᴨ(t-1/2) iii. ᴨ[(t-1)/2]+ᴨ(t-1)

Answer:
2. a) Define signum function, sinc function and sampling function.

Answer:
 ∞
2. b) Prove the following unit impulse properties: (i) ∫−∞ 𝒙(𝒕)𝜹(𝒕)𝒅𝒕 = 𝒙(𝟎)

∞
(ii)∫−∞ 𝒙(𝒕)𝜹(𝒕 − 𝒕𝟎)𝒅𝒕 = 𝒙(𝒕𝟎)

Answer:
2. c) Prove that sin(nω0t) and cos(mω0t) are orthogonal to each other for all integers m, n.

Answer:
2. d) Derive the mean square error, when a function approximated by a set of mutually
orthogonal functions.

Answer:
3. a) Find the even and odd components of the given signal: x(t) = cos(t) + sin(t) + cos(t)
sin(t).

Answer:

3. b) Find the fundamental period of the following CTS: (i) x(t) = jej5t (ii) x(t) = sin(50πt).

Answer:
3. c) Define a signal. What are the different types of signals.

Answer:
3. d) A rectangular function f(t) is defined by approximate this
function by a wave form sint over the interval (0, 2π) such that the mean square error is
minimum.

Answer:
4. a) Show that the complex exponential signal x(t) = ejωot is periodic with period 2π/ω0.

Answer:
4. b) Define ideal filter characteristics.

c) Draw the ideal characteristics of low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop filters.

Answer:
4. d) Test the linearity, causality, time-variance, stability of the system governed by the
equation: i. y(n)=ax(n)+b ii. y(n)=n cos[x(n)] iii. y(n)=n[x(n)]2 + a iv. y(n)=x(n)+nx(n-1).

Answer:
5. a) Find the even and odd components of the given signal

Answer:
5. b) A system produces an output of y(t) = e-t u(t) for an input of x(t) = e-2t u(t). determine
the impusle response and frequency response of the system.

Answer:
5. c) Define convolution. Find the convolution of two signals x(n) = {1, 2, 3, 4} and h(n) = {4,
3, 2, 1} and represent them graphically.

Answer:
5. d) What is an LTI system? Explain its properties. What do you understand by the
transfer function of an LTI system?

Answer:
6. a) Define the following systems with example (i) linear and non-linear (ii) time variant
and time-invariant.

Answer:
6. b) Find whether the following systems are dynamic or not: (i) y(t) = x(t-2)
(ii) y(n) = x(n+2).

Answer:
6. c) Explain about the distortion less transmission through a linear system.

Answer:
6. d) Find the response of the RC network shown, for an input x(t) = exp(-t/RC).

Answer:
7. a) Define orthogonal signal space and orthogonal vector space. Bring out clearly its
applications in representing a signal and vector respectively.

Answer:
7. b) Consider a causal LTI system with frequency response H(ω) = 1/[3+jω]. For a
particular input x(t), the system is observed to produce the output y(t) = e-3t u(t) – e-4t u(t).
find the input x(t).

Answer:
8. a) Derive the relationship between rise time and bandwidth.

Answer:
8. b) Define amplitude and phase distortion and explain the concept of filter characteristics
of a linear system.

Answer:
9. a) Find the TF and sketch the amplitude and phase response of the RL network. x(t) is
input and y(t) is an output.
Answer:

9. b) State and Prove the Convolution property of Fourier transform.

Answer:
10. a) Explain how functions can be approximated using orthogonal functions.

Answer:
10. b) Consider a stable system LTI system characterized by the differential equation
𝒅𝒚(𝒕)
+ 𝟐𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒙(𝒕). Find its impulse response.
𝒅𝒕

Answer: