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Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2053 – 2057

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Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Department of Architecture and Town Planning ,
al. Tysiąclecia PaĔstwa Polskiego 7 , 25-314 Kielce, Poland

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© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
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(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016
Keywords:DUFKLWHFWXUHVDFUXPXUEDQVSDFHFLW\





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1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.802
2054 Joanna Gil-Mastalerczyk / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2053 – 2057

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2.1. Historical view

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2.2. The first public centers of religious and social life in Kielce

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