Magnetostatique PDF

magnétostatique du vide 19

dl = vdt
I=
dq
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dt
t + dt
n MN+O@PQ2R7SUTWV>X>YS%R Z+[@\ X]R7YÔ2_ S
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V
Portion d’un circuit

ka t filiforme de section S
N+ò n `DyDNGS@<NGS
> n `DyD j = n q v MOZ;S~O@[@Y]N;O@PQ2R7SUT@\![DR `D[O
V
j = ρ v ρ MN+N+OmO@Z+PQ2X
R7SUTY^+O@@_ \![DR `D[ON+OmZ+X
Y^+OQo@#R7\ OQ2_ I = j.dS
V V
m m
S

dC = Idl dl a+{@n+gjtuqsn+x5rs5lo k5xftuehqsgjkm| qsr@|@kmc5n gjehxft]n+gjqs k5xftu5kmw qsv5ehxft]rskmw5k5xfwm|@k%L

dC = n Sqvdl = n qvdτ = ρ vdτ = jdτ
dC = Idl jdτ
V V m
j = σ v MOZ;S~O@[@Y]N+O@PQ2R!SUTmQ@[@Y XZ+R `D[ON+OmZ.@[@YX>P2SO2S σ MN+O@PQ2R7SUTmQ@[@Y XZ;R `D[ON+O

Z+X
Y^+OQo@#R7\ OQ@_
s m m
dC = Idl j dS s
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www.marocprepas.info M.Afekir – ERA / CPGE _ Marrakech
Òd BÓ (M ) = µ dCÒ Ó ∧ uÓ Ö
(D)
ÕÔPM
Õ³Õ6Õ Ö Õ Ö
µo : perméabilité du vide = 4π .10−7 ( S .I )
ÕÔÕ³Õ%Õ Ö ÕÖ
o
ÒÔÒ³Ò6Ò Ó PM
= ÕÔÕ³Õ6Õ Ö ; d B( M ) ⊥ à PM et à dC
M
4π PM
ß~à
2
u PM
PM
dC
× ebc5n+xftugjqsp tuqsn+xe c5dfehlo{otun+tuehru}+w n+p@tuqsk5xft]w5k5rsn+xrskmtuØ{@km|@km|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x¥ÁÂ¦M

P
h
Û Ú Ú Û Ú Ú j ∧ uÚ
• Ùqsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+xv5n+r loq ka d C = j dτ B(M ) = 4π Û³ÛÔÛ%Û Ú dτ µ o PM
2
Ú j ∧ uÚ
(D)
PM

• Ùqsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+xw g ehc5q h
Û Ú Ú Û Ú
ka d C = j dS B(M ) = 4π ÛÔÛ³Û%Û Ú dS µ o s PM
s
Ú
(D) 2
Ú
PM

• Ùqsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x qsrsq n+gjloka d C = Idl
Û Ú Ú Û Ú
B( M ) =
µ
I ÛÔÛ³Û6Û Ú
dl ∧ u
o PM
4π PM
(D) 2
% & '

Ë ¥!Y^ÜsÝj¦j_
Òd BÓ (M ) = µ dCÒ Ó ∧ uÓ µ I dlÚ ∧ ÚuÚ z
4π PM
o
ÒÔÒ³Ò6Ò Ó Þ 4π ÛÔPM
PM
2 Û³Û6Û
o PM
2
Ó Ó dlÓ ∧ uÓ = dz cosθ eÓ d ß Bà (M ) = µ I dzß³ßÔcos θà

e L
α2
%
ß ß à
P
Må
dl = dz e θ
o
θ θ
4π
z PM 2
áâ â áâ
PM
â
r
tan θ = Q2R O@P2S#a d B( M ) =
z µ µ α1
I cos θ dθ e et B( M ) =
o
θ I (sin α − sin α )e o
θ
4π r 4π r
2 1
r I
#RÄ\hN+OmZ.@[@Y^X
P2SÅ>R7PÔ#RÄP2R&Æ>MbY4ããj« ¾ @[ α2 =
π
k5t α1 = −
π áBâ (M ) = µ Ieâ L o
θ
2 2 2π r
Üsä

Ë
(
ßd Bà (M ) = µ dCß à ∧ uà â â à ß~à â
ßÔß³ß à Þ µo dl ∧ u
Þ µo dθ P
o PO
I I ez dC u
4π PO 4π 4π R
à
2
R2
á Bâ (O) = µ I eâo
O
O. ez
z
2R

ßd Bà (M ) = µ dCß à ∧ uà
z
Ô
ß
o
³
ß 6
ß ß à PM
áâ
d B(M ) M
4π PM 2
× n+gjw h kÏÉÏ|@5c5gjqst]rsebw5{@qsgjk} d á Bâ (M ) |@5c5gjqst xc5æ+xfkm|@kmw5n+lolok5tËb} â α
k5t]|@km|@k5loq@ehxfirska π2 − α áBâ (M ) = á Bâ (M ) eâ = B(M )eâ u
Pß~à
R
z z O
ß à à à à µ dl sin α µ
dl ∧ u à
dC
I ßÔß³ß6ß à .e = I ßÔß³ß6ß à = ßÔß³ß6ß à RI sin α

µ
B( M ) = d B ( M ).e = o o o
4π 4π
z 2 z 2 2
w5n+qsta áBâ (M ) = 2µR I sin (α )eâ = á Bâ (O) sin (α )

PM PM 2 PM
o 3 3
z
$
*
¾ _ ®_5Å
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*
x{@rsehxºÍ π ÎuL dC = sym / (dC ) = dC L

π â ßà 1
à
2 1 1
e π
®CR 2á â S2éêy;X>á â (X>YS2á âM â â â â µ I eâ

dB
à
2
u2
dB = dB +dB =
tot 1
â
2
µI
4π r
o
(dC ∧ u + dC ∧ u ) =
1 1 2
4π r
2
o
π P ßà
u 1 ß~à P’
SUO@\`D[OM e ⊥ (π ) _
2 2
dC 1
dC 2
π
(π )
¿hOmZ+X]]V£X#DPT2S%R `D[OmOQ2S@YS+@PX>\0¼SU2[2SV
2R7P2S2N Ã [@PWVW\ X>PoR!Y^2RÄY]¥!N+O
Qç>T2SYR O¦N Ã [@PONGR Q2SYR![2SR @PN+OmZ.@[@YX>P2S_
ä]O2X>Y^`D[O M\ OOZ;SUO@[2Y@Z+X]]V£X#DPT2S%R `D[OëOQ2S@[@PWV
QO@[@N+mì]OZ;SUO2[@Y@@[OZ;S~O@[@Y2X#¢2R X>\ O@_
*
ß à â
w5n+qstz¥ÁÂ¦ xfkm|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x|@â kmc5n gjehxft Í â π Î]a+{@rsehâ x|] ehxftuqsw5Ølo5tugjqsk d B d ß Bà
*
e
{@n gWrseb|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x¥ Áf¦4L dC = sym / (dC ) = −dC L

1
2
π
à
2 * 1 1
®CR 2á â S2éêy;X>á â (X>YS2á âM â â à ß~à u 2
dB = dB +dB =
µI
o â
(dC ∧ u + dC ∧ u ) =
â µI â
e o P ßà
u
P’ 1
SUO@\`D[OM eâ í (π ) _
tot 1 2
4π r 4π r dC
2 1 1 2 2 2
dC 1 2
(π * )
¿hOmZ+X]]V£X#DPT2S%R `D[OëX5VV>X>YS%R O@P2S+X>[WVW\ X>PN Ã X

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N Ã [@PONGR Q2SYR7[2S%R @PN+OëZ.@[@YX
P2S_
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gj5w rstuehxft]w5k5gjeb{@n+gjtum{@ehgWc5k5t]ehî+kL
ï «JPX
\ çÀQON+OmQç>T2SYR OmO2S2N Ã R7P@(X>YR X>PZ.O
R z

• ð#n t]{@rsehxc5n+xftuk5xfehxft

Ý 5
k 5
w t
x @
{ s
r h
e
x
L
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| h
e f
x u
t @
q 5
w
Ø o
l 5
u
t j
g s
q m
k @
{ n gWrseb|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsò n+ó x|
ò ó
c5n gjehxft}+rskm{@w5k |@nDñDv5k5c5tuk g B eh{@{@ ehgjtuqsk5xft è x{@rsehx|] ehxftuq@w5Ølo5tugjqskL B }+k5xtun t
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• n+xebqsxfv5ehgjqsehxfc5km |ò ó @kmrseb|@ò ó qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x{@óehgWgjn+ô tuehtuqsn+xe tun gW|@k ÝÏL h
|@n+xfca B(M ) = B(r,θ , z) = B( z)e c5n+n+gj|@n+xfxf5k5wmc5Ørsqsxf|@gjq k5wõ
ö GX
\ Z+[@\hN+O òBó
z
¾
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ù ehgWw {@k5gj{@n+w5qstuqsn+x}+rskmc5dfehlo{ B c5gj5kmk5x x{@n+qsxftËÌ|@kmru ehî+k Ýk5w5t]rsebw5n+lolok
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c5n gjehxftu_ þ þI þ þ þ þ þ þ
R θ1 α P θ2 z
ÿÿÿÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ
+
O M
-L/2 L/2
z dZ
Z
× kmc5dfehlo{ òBó c5gj5km{@ehg xfkmw5{@qsgjkmw5qst 5k è rsebc5n+tukÏû@}+k5xüËÌv5e ta µ I sin (α )eó L

× kmc5dfehlo{oloehixf5tuq h km5rs5lok5xftuehqsgjkmc5gj5km{@ehg xfkmtugjehxfc5dfkm|] 5{@ehqs2w5w5Rk gÏN+ûJv5e t}+k5x
o 3
z
ËÑM ò ó µ I dN sin (α )eó ûÂzÝbýzäZ.2SUX>P α _

dB = o 3
¾N MP2JYÔN+OmQVR7YÔQmZ.@P2S~O@P@[OQN;X>PQ\ XSYX>PZ+ON+ûÂ_5@PWV
QOP N MP2JYÔN+O
z
2R
L
QVRÄYÔQWV>X>Y][@P2R!SUTN+O\ 2PD[O@[@Y@Ü dN = ndZ = −nR sindαα _ 2

Ùn+xfca òBó (M ) = − µ2RI o

θ2
θ1
nR sin α dα ez =
ó µ o nI
2
(cos θ 2 − cos θ1 ) ez
ó
a òBó (M ) = µ nI ( ó
L L
+z − +z
o 2 − 2 ) ez
2 L L
( + z )2 + R 2 (− + z )2 + R 2
2 2
n+xfw5qs|@5gjn+xfw x5rs5lok5xftzN0yobND\!_sN+Ý| w g ehc5km{@5gjqs{@df5gjq h km| 5w n+rs5xfns|@kL

)

θ
òó
ó
2
d B( M )
à P
à
u
u
M òó
O e z dS 2
θ z MP
B( M )
ß à ~ß à à µ dC à
N0yzc5gj5k}+k5xüËb}+rskmc5dGehlo{üa d B(M ) = 4π ß³ß³ß6ß à = 4π ßÔß³ß6ß à u ehv5k5ca
NDübPuND\!_sN+Ý
2 µ dC ∧ u o PM
2
o
2
k5t òBó (M ) k5w5t]{@n+gjtum{@ehg ÝzÜ+w5n+qst B(M ) = d ßBà (M ).eà = µ4πnI ßÔdzdl

PM PM
2
ß³ß6ß à cosθ L z
o
2
ó ó ò³dòÔò!òSó .uó

PM
Y
a òÔdzdl
òPM
³ò%ò ó cosθ = ò³PM 2 òÔò%ò ó = òÔPM
d S n.u
ò³ò6ò ó = d Ω ;
2
MP
2
2
MP
2
2
è
d Ω a+5rs5lok5xft]|] ehxfirskmw5n+rsqs|@kmw5n wmrsk h k5ru} {@ehgjtuqsgW|@kÏËb}+n+x v5n+qst]rsebw g ehc5k
2
5rs5lok5xftuehqsgjkÂN 0yL
w5n+qsta B(M ) = µ4πnI Ω ; o
è
Ω a+ru ehxfirskmw5n+rsqs|@kmw5n wmrsk h k5ru} {@ehgjtuqsgW|@kÏËb}+n+x v5n+qst]rsebw g ehc5kmrsehtu5gjehrsk
Í {@5gjqs{@df5gjq h k5Î@| w5n+rs5xfns|@kL
• Ë +
ó n
O
à
e z
à
n 1
(S)
θ1 θ2
à
n2 z
M
(S1) (S2)
4 π =Ω 2π
+
(1 − cos(π
− θ 1 )) +
2π (1 θ 2 )
− cos Ω = 2π (cos θ 2 − cos θ1 )
pour la surface fermée ( S ) ∪ ( S1 ) ∪ ( S2 ) (S )
( S1 ) ( S2 )

• Ë & +
V
n
à à
(S) θ1 θ2
à
O e z n 1 z
n2 M
(S1) (S2)
0 =Ω 2π
+
(1 − cos(π
− θ 1 )) −
2π
(1 − cos(π
− θ 2 )) Ω = 2π (cos θ 2 − cos θ1 )
pour la surface fermée ( S ) ∪ ( S1 ) ∪ ( S 2 ) (S )
( S1 ) ( S2 )
mP @#SR O@P2SUÜ
N+@PZ.Ü
N;X]PQ\ OQN+O@[¢mZ&XQM òBó (M ) = µ nI (cosθ − cosθ )eó o
2 1 z
2

«]VVWY^¢2R!X]S%R 2PND[mQ@\ T@P@÷!N+ORÄPÔ#RÄP2R ¥ÀR7\!\ªR!R!S7TW¦M ß à
¿
zä @[ ¥ θ SUO@P@NoO@Y^Q¸mO2S θ S~O@P@NoO@Y^Q π ¦ B(M ) = µ nI eà M5Z+X]]VQ@[@Y]\³Ã X#¢OND[
Q@\ T@P@÷!N+O@_
1 2 o z
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Q2R7S2M ßBà (M ) = µ j ò~eà ó _ ó o s z

ó ó ó
L
PmOÔ65O@S M d ò~Có = ó j .dS = ó j .dz dl
d C = di dl = di dl e θ
; avec di = js .eθ dz = js dz et di = nI dz js = nI
s s
ò ó , - - &
Ç n+qs- t & xfkmw g ehc5kÂ¥!y.¦@|@5rsqsloqstu5km{@Behg xc5n+xftun gWn+gjqsk5xftuÂ¥!+¦4}+|@ehxfw xfkmgj5iqsn+xnM

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{@ehgma φ = B.dS L
φ Q]Ã O¢VWYR!OmO@S P RÏO@5O@Y9T¥ RÂj¦ ¥h·SRÂbb· ¬@_ª,G¦
(S )
OP
% & - & B
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N+OmZ.2SUTëX>_ ËÑbND_
y
OP µIP P
B ( M ) = − B ( M )ez = − o ez + dx
2π x
U VQU?U)V L µ I µI x x
φ= B.dS = − o
adx = o a ln( A ) z ^
A M
+
L
A 2π x 2π
ehv5k5cab¢ mN CX ¶ O2S ¢ bNoýX ¶
(S ) xL O a
XW ZY [ \ ][
(C)
I
x

- & ' - , - -
Ç n+qstz¥!y.¦M xfkmw g ehc5k k5gjlo5kL Fil
illimité
a
B2
dS2
B = B = B O2S@NDy © Þ NDy NDyoM.w5k5c5tuqsn+x|@gjn+qstukL
U V_UÙ V_UaU V
→ \³Ã T@\ T2O@P2Su#\![¢S~2SÄX>\+a dφ = dφ + dφ = B .dS + B .dS

1 2
UbU VQU?U)V UbU VQU?U)V I b
T 1 2 1 1 1 2 B1
= − B1dS + B1dS = 0
dS1 (S)
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B
φS = B.dS e = 0. dSe
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¥ Áf¦
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z
ßBà
ßBà r
θ e

à R P z
z
àe r e O r
M
z
(D) z z + dz
x|@5w5qsgjkm|@5tuk5gjloqsxfk5gWrskmc5dfehlo{oloehixf5tuq h kmc5gj5km{@ehgÏ¥ Áf¦Dk5xüÉÂa UBV (P) = UBV (r,θ , z)

ï o/qsrt3uwvat3qsx3y a ßBà (P) = ß Bà (r, z) = B eà + B eà + B eà L
p
ï z|{~}3wuwvay a UBV ∈ (π ) Ý5ÜsÉ5¦
r r θ θ z z
p
ßà à à +
} 5
w +
n s
q ]
t s
r m
k @
{ s
r h
e
x ¥
; d ' où : B( P ) = B e + B e SUO@\`D[OM B ( P) ≈ B( z )
antisymétrie
θB =0 r r z z z
ÁT2S~O@YR7PX]S%R @PN+O\ X Z&2]V

QX>P2SUOYX>NGR X>\ O B M

r
w g x ehc5c5dfkmn+|@qskmw5qsp@t ehw5xfk5kmw w S =g a)πeh c5MPk k5=gjloπ r5kÂ_ ¥ Σ ¦ ≡ c5Ørsqsxf|@gjkm5rs5lok5xftuehqsgjkm|@kmdfe tuk gÏN+Ýk5t]|@k
9
2 2
φΣ = B( P).dS = 0 = ( B ( z + dz ) − B( z ))π r 2 + 2π rdz Br

(Σ)
∂B( z )
Br = −
r dB( z )
L
=π r 2 dz + 2π rdz Br 2 dz
∂z

¥Áf¦³Ü ¾ ä

! !
B( z ) =
µ o IN
2
R2
( R 2 + z 2 )3
Br = 3
µ o IN
4R3
r (1 +
z 2 − 52
R2
) L
/ , . 0 '1 0

à
n
rsebc5qsgjc rsehtuqsn+x| c5dfeh lo{ B }+{@gj n+| qstukm{@ehg xfkm|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x
B
|@ km c5n gjehxf t]rskm rsn+xfiJ|] xà c5n+xftun gWn+gjqsk5xftuÂ¥!+¦@k5w5 t]|@n+xfxf5km{@ehgÏM (C) dl
( B) = B.dl L dl n+gjqsk5xftum{@ehgWrskmw5k5xfwm| c5n gjehxftL

(C ) (+) B
z
Å>R ÜsOM6#RÄ\ÀSYX>O@Y^Q\ X Q@[2Y XZ.ON+T@\ªR!R!SUTWV>X>Y]¥!+¦¡Æ

' 2 - -
fil

( B) = B.dl ehv5k5ca B( M ) =
µI
e 5
k t
dl = dr e + rdθ e + dz e
o
θ
à e
2π r dl r r z
θ
B.dl Þ µ I b¸hL
(C )

( B) =
(C )
o +
O r θ à
Å
\ OmQO@PQN+OëZ.@Y4YÔQV>@P@NX
[mQO@PQN+O n N+@P@PTWV>X
Y]\ X½nY mD\ OND[S%R7YÔì5@[Z+@P@_
(C) e r
!
• yG R.@ PmZ+X>P+O\ OmQO@PQND[mZ.@[@YX
P2S2M (B ) −µ I _
( B) OQ2S2R7P@N+TV
O@P@N;X>P2SUON+O\ XzV
Q2R!S%R @PND[¡#RÄ\!_
o
' ' 2 - -
z

( B) =
(C )
µI
B.dl = o
2π
θ1
θ1
dθ = 0 L y
à

B +
dl
(C)
I à
dl

x
B
I θ1 x
z
O +

w5n+qsß tzà ¥!+¦4} ßxà c5à n+xftun gWß à k5xfrsß e3à 5ehxfß à t]rsk5wmà c5n gjß à ehxftuw ©ß à k5t k5t]ß à {@ehw » L
. 0 '1 0 B
à
I2
dl ^
( B) = B.dl = ( B + B + B ).dl = ( B ) + ( B ) + ( B )
1 2 3 1 2 3
I1
I3
(C ) (C )
+
= µo ( I1 − I 2 ) (C)
3 _5QO@[@\ Q\ OQmZ.@[@YX
P2SUQmO@P@\ X#Z.TQWV>X>Y]¥!+¦R7P2SÄO@Y4R O@P@PO@P2S2N;X>PQ\³Ã O¢(VWYÔQQ2R @PN+O
( B) _
% 0 '1 0
¿ÀXbZ;R7Y^Z+[@\ X]S%R @PND[mZ+X]]VX#DPT2SUQ2SÄX]S%R `D[O\ O\ @PoN Ã [@PmZ.@P2S~@[@Y2@YR O@P2SUT¥!+¦fOQ2ST;X>\ Oë¼
\ XbQDON+OQR7P2SUO@PQ2R!SUTQëX>\ +T@YR `D[ON+OQmZ.2[@YX
P2SUQmO@P@\ X#Z.TQWV>X>Y]¥ª+¦³Ü>J[@\ªS%R VW\ªR TOWV>X>Y
µ ¥ V
O@YTX>#R7\ªR!SUTND[R7N+O(¦j_
o

ε k = 1 si le sens de I k = sens de n
( B) = B.dl = µo ε k I k enlacé par (C ) ; avec :
( C ) orienté k ε k = -1 si le sens de I k ≠ sens de n

+ n
!
PmZ+5M Z+2R Q22R!R S2¢[@N+PmOZ.¥!@+P2¦ SU@[@Y5O@YT¥!+¦³Ü>SUO@\`D[OM
ßà à
• B // dl
B ;X
Y4N+O\ X DO(X>\ O2[@Y]\ O\ @PoN+O¥!+¦

•
a (ßBà ) = ßBà .dlà =

µo ε k I k enlacé par (C )

(C ) (C )
B dl = B
(C )
dl B= k
Longueur de (C )
L
4 1 &
! "
! "
" ! ! # ä ¿
$ ATAT"<TTAT
% &
¾ ' ( ä )
"AA "TAT¡
¢ N
£"A n = ¤"A¥¦wQ"Q£"§Q£"AQa¨$Q"QTA©"BB"ªATAT"QT/«T£"AQ¤
5¿ zä_
Ë
¬ L
Q¨"¤""¨$¥TQTQ"A¥,£3®¨$AQ¨"£"ATQ¨ ¯"Qa° £"Ae$TQ¨$TQ¨" 3¨$T¡b3£"AQ¨b¨$
"T¨$T¦wQ¨$TA;3Q¨$TT§AQ¨"Te¨$"A±¥Q3° ²³¥£"±

«]VVW\ªR Z&X]S%R @P _ ¶9´Ây+@\ T@P@÷!N+O B( M ) ∆z
µ M3µµI
à
M4
A4 A3
ßBà
R ez z
A1 O A2
¶®¶ ¶®
o
¶®¶
L

ö y+ç>T2SYR O
ð#n t]{@rsehx{@k5 gj{@k5xf|@qsc rsehqs gjk è ru ehî+k Ýk5t]{@ehw5w5ehxft]{@ehgËb}+k5w5t x{@rsehx
w5 Ølo5tugjqskm{@n gWrs eb|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x |@kmc5n gjehxft}+w5n+qst (π ) ehrsn+gjwmrskmc5dfehlo{
B ( M ) ⊥ (π ) n B ( M ) = B ( r ,θ , z )e L
ö uP@(X>YR X>PZ.O
z
ð#n tukmtu gjehxfw5rsehtuqsn+x w5k5r n+x Ýn gjn+ tuehtuqsn+xÇ e tun gW|@k Ý+}+rseh qsw5w5kmqsxfv5ehgjqsehxftukmrse
|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x|@kmc5n gjehxft}+|@n+xfca B(M ). n+qsta B(M ) = B(r )e L
ö 2R ¢ND[mZ.@P2SU@[@Y]M x{@gjk5 xf| xc5n+xftun gWgjk5c5tuehxfi rsehqsgjkÍ|] xc5n+tu Y]b¸m~ · z
B (O ) = B c5n+xfx }+k5t]ru e tugjk

è xfkm|@qsw5tuehxfc5kÂYn M B(r ) è
|@5tuk5gjloqsxfk5gWÎuL
o
ö ¸ lo~{ N5gjka B.dl = µ I

¹
L
ßà
o enlacée par ( C )
(C )
Y]ãzä£M ¥!+¦b¥« © « « » ,« ºG¦ ßà

( B) = B ∆z − B ∆z = µ I = 0 @[ B = B = µ nI _
Y zä£M ¥!+¦b¥« © « Ë » kË ºG¦ = µ n∆z I @[ B = 0 _
o int o enlacées int o o
» ( B) = B ∆z − B ∆z = µ I
o ext o enlacées o ext t
.
Bint = µ o nI champ à l ' intérieur
Solénoideinfiniment long :
Bext = 0 champ à l ' extérieur
Å P YÔ2S^Y^@[@OÜ
N+@PZ.Ü
\ OY^TQ@[@\ªSUX]SGO@P2S%R @P@PTVWY^TZ.T@N+O2O2P2S Z¼NoMy+@\ T@P@÷!N+ORÄ\!\ªR!R!SUT
bPX5VV
ON+OmZ.@[@YX>P2SZ&ç¡\ªR7P@NDYR `D[ON+ON+O@PQ2R!SUT»¼´bP>[@P2R@YOmÆu_
#
x
* ( z
B( M ) M y
#
à
ez
z
# # ey y
O
ex
js
x
nÇ xfw5 qs|@5gjn+xfw ¢ç c5n;lolokm{@rsehx|@kmrsebxfeh{@{@k}+k5t à j = j eà L

+
n+qst x{@n+qsxftËÌ|@kmc5n+n+gj|@n+xfxf5k5wmc5ehgjtu5w5qsk5xfxfk5wa¢ÜçÀÜ+k5tÝ_
s o y
ö y+ç>T2SYR O
rskm{@rsehxüËJçÀÝk5w5t]{@rsehx½|@kmw5Ølo5tu gjqskm{@n gWrseb|@qsw5tugjqsp ß à tuqsn+x|@kmc5n gjehà xft} B 5tuehxft]v5k5c5tuk g
ö uP@(X>YR X>PZ.O ehî+qsehrsk B ⊥ Myz |@n+xfca B(M ) = B( x, y, z) e
rseb|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+xk5w5t]qsxfv5ehgjqsehxftukm|@ehxfwmtun tukmtugjehxfw5rsehtuqsn+xw5k5rs n+ x ¢zk5t]w5k5 rsn+x çÜ
x
|@n+xfca B( x, y, z) xfkm|@5{@k5xf|oxfq@|@kÏ¢zxfq@|@kÏç B ( M ) = B ( z )e L z

½
x{@r wa+k5x x{@n+qsxftËüÃ4w5Ølo5tugjq h km|@hkÏ ËÌ{@ehgWgjeh{@{@n+gjt]e {@rsehx ¢ç2} B 5k w5t
tugjehxfw n+gjlomk5xw5n+xehxftuqsw5Ølo5tugjq kLËo¥ ¢ÜsçÜsÝj¦Âk5tºËüÃ ¥ ¢ÜsçÀÜsì^Ýj¦ L
À z¿
M B( M )
H y
B(-z) = - B(z) ; soit B(z) une fonction impaire
x
M’
À¿
B ( M ')
ö GX
\ Z+[@\ ON+O
B P[2SR7\ªR QO\ OST@YnmDON Ã«]Vsm@YÔ
D@P2S~@[@Y ¥!y.¦bYÔZ;SÄX>PG\ 9O [[ ¼ ¢ÝzÜ5V>X#QQX>P2S.V>X
Y^Ë O2S
À¿
ËüÃ Ü
N+ ONGR!O@PQ2R @PQM5¶@ÝzQO@\ @P ÝzO2S@mQO@\ @P
z
+ M B( M )
z>0 ¿ ¶
H¶
¢@_
j .d S n L
(C) n x
¿ B.dl = µ I =µ 2
¥!y.¦zQ@[@Y XZ.ON+T@\ªR!R!SUTOWV>X
Y]\ OmZ.@P2SU@[@Y]¥!+¦j_
o enlacée par ( C ) o
z<0 js 2z (C ) (S )
À¿ M’
B ( M ')
h
h
¶
B.dl = B ( z )h − B (− z )h = 2 B ( z )h ¿
(C )
à j.d S nà = (ε h) j
2
; (ε → 0)
ε
n ¶
¿
js
2z
(S )
B(z)
= js h ; ( js = jh) 1
µ 0 js
1 2
B(z)= µ o js uniforme pour z > 0.
2 O
d'où :
1 z
B(z)=- µo js uniforme pour z < 0. 1
2 − µ 0 js
¿ ¿ 2
¾
y+@[Q¡5@YOOZ;SU@YR O@\!\ OM À¿ 1 ¿
;
2
¿
¿
B ( M ) = µo js ∧ next¿
n = −e z < 0
next = + ez z > 0
ext z
MNGR QZ.@P2S%R7P@[2R!SUTND[mZ+X]]VX#GPT2SR `D[O ÀB¿ ¼½\ XSYX>O@Y^QTON+OmZ.@[@YX

P2S
Q@[@Y XZ;R `D[O@_
5 -
Ç n+qst x qsr@|@km6 c5n , gjehxft]|@kmw5k5c5tuqsn+xüQh}+|@k ehqsp@rskm|@qsehlÁN5tugjkm|@k5v5ehxft]w5ebrsn+xfi k mg L

ρ a+|@k5xfw5qstumv5n+r loq h km|@kmc5dfehgjik5wmlon+p@qsrsk5wL
Ùehxfw xfkmtugjehxfc5dfkm|] 5{@ehqsw5w5k gÏND\~}+rsebc5dfehgjikmlon+p@qsrskmk5w5ta
N+ò ρ ND\!_
m

¿
df ¿
j
¿
dl ¿ v
u
S À¿
B
Portion d’un circuit
filiforme de section S
¿
v M R7SUOQQON Ã O@PQODJà\ ON+OWV>X
à YS%R Z+ß à [@\ OQmZ+X>Y^+TOQ@_
N+`êw p@qst]rse n+gjc5k df = ρ s dl v ∧ B M60@Y^Z.ON+Om¿h@YÔ@P2S~ÝbN;X>PQ\ OmZ+X]]V ÀB¿ N Ã @YR GR7PO
O¿ ¢2S~T@YR O@¿ [@Y4_
m
j k5t v c5n+rsqsxf5ehqsgjk
è u¿ Í v5k5c5tuk g xfqstuehqsgjk5Î
à à
ρ s dl v = ρ s dl v u = ρ s v dl = i dl . Í i =
à à dq = ρ sv ÎuL
× kmv5k5c5tuk g dl¿ k5w5t x5rs5lok5xft]| c5qsgjc qst qsrsq n+gjlok h q@w dtp@qst]rse n+gjc5km|@kÏ¿ÀX5VW\ X#Z.O a
m m m m
df = idl ∧ B rsn+gjw h qsr@k5w5t]{@ehgjc5n g {@ehg xc5n gjehxft]{@k5gjloehxfk5xftR

¿ ¿ À¿
k5t]{@rsehc5m|@ehxfw xc5dfehlo{oloehixf5tuq h k ÀB¿ _

rskm|@ qsw5{@ n+w5qs tuq tudf5n+gjq h km|@km|@ qsxfqstuqsn+x|@kmru xf qstum|@kmru qsxftuk5xfw5 qstumk5w5t xk5xfw5k5lop@rskm|@k
- '1 0
|@k î qsrsw qsrsq n+gjlok5w}+{@ehgjehrsrjN5rsk5w}+k5t]{@ehgjc5n g wm{@ehgW|@k5wmc5n gjehxftuwm|@kmloú5lokmw5k5xfwmk5t]|@k

loú5lokmqsxftuk5xfw5qstu}+w5n+qst<_
¥ Â © ¦@{@gjn+| qst]k5xüË ∈ ¥ Â ¦³ÜÏrskmc5dfehlo{üa ÀB¿ (M ) = 2µπ Ir e¿ o
ù n g x5rs5lok5xft dl¿ = dl e¿ |@kÂ¥ Â ¦4}+rse n+gjc5km|@kÏ¿hX5VW\ X#Z.Ozw p@qskmk5w5ta à e¿

θ
z θ
e z À¿
¿ ¿ À¿ µI 2
¿ ¿ µI ¿2
à
e
r B( M )
r
df1/ 2 = Idl ∧ B ( M ) = o
dl ez ∧ eθ = − o
dl er I
M
2π r 2π r
I
ù n gWru fx qstum|@kmrsn+xfi k gW|@kmru x|@k5w qsrswa f = µ I = f = f L o
2
2π r
1/ 2 2 /1
Å ¾ _ ®MDO2SSUO¡@Yë[@\ OëOQ2S¼½\³Ã @YR GR7PON+O\ X½N;TÔ#RÄP2R7S%R @PN+O\³Ã«Ï]Vsm@YÔëÆ

(F ) 1
(F2)
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×/Ø1ÑÒÔ3ÖÅ×;ÍjËÎÖQÊBÌIÈ*ÙÊ?ÙÏnÏ$ÉÏ-ËXÌÜ|ÊBË×;ÍÐnÏnÐ$Þ*ÑQËXÌÜ|Ô0ËÕÏ$Ø1ÑQÞhÖ&ËÎÖQÊÐ-Ñ ßÐ$ÑÒÐ-ËwÜ|Ô"ËÌXËÎ×ÍÐ-Ø1ÑÁÑÅÓXÞhÏnÐ$Þ3ËwÙàÏ$ËIËÎÍ
ÈhÏ$Ù*×ÓwÌá®Ö&ÑQËÛÔ3Ð$ÌÍÙ1ÑÒ×ËÕÔ0ËÕâ³ÇfÉÍÊ?Ë ÏnÄbÖ&Ñ¹ÏnÄ$ÙÖÅÍBÊ?Ë Ô0Ù1ÑQÌÛÏ-Ëã|ÐnÔ0ËÜ3È|ÊBØ*Ô*ÖQÐbÊBÙ*ÐbÍ*ËwÑÒÍÊ?ËÛ×ËwÌÕÔ"ËÎÖ&Ý
×/Ø1ÑÒÔ3ÖÅ×;ÍjËÎÖQÊBÌÛÖ&ÑQË*ß Ø*Êw×ËÓXÞ*ÙÏ-ËáåähæTâ3ç0èbé*êëÈ*ÙÊìÇfÉÎÍÊ?ËÛÔ"ËÛÏ$Ø1ÑQÞhÖËÎÖQÊæ
Åb¿hOmZ+2R ¢N+O\³Ã R7P2SUO@PQ2R!SUTmOQ2ST`D[2R7(X>\ O@P2S+¼X]S%SYR7[O@Y]\ X½(X>\ O@[@Y 4π .10 −7 ¼ µo _5Æ

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magnétostatique du vide 19

Portion d’un circuit

 j = σ v MOZ;S~O@[@Y]N+O@PQ2R!SUTmQ@[@Y  XZ+R `D[ON+OmZ.@[@YX>P2SO2S σ MN+O@PQ2R7SUTmQ@[@Y  XZ;R `D[ON+O

 fx km|@qsw5tugjqsp  tuqsn+x|@kmc5n  gjehxft]{@gjn+|  qst  xfkmlon+|@q  qsc5ehtuqsn+x|@k5wm{@gjn+{@gjqs5tu5wm|@kmru k5w5{@ehc5k

× ebc5n+xftugjqsp  tuqsn+xe  c5dfehlo{otun+tuehru}+w n+p@tuqsk5xft]w5k5rsn+xrskmtuØ{@km|@km|@qsw5tugjqsp  tuqsn+x¥ÁÂ¦M

Ó Ó dlÓ ∧ uÓ = dz cosθ eÓ  d ß Bà (M ) = µ I dzß³ßÔcos θà

www.marocprepas.info M.Afekir – ERA / CPGE _ Marrakech

× n+gjw h kÏÉÏ|@5c5gjqst]rsebw5{@qsgjk} d á Bâ (M ) |@5c5gjqst  xc5æ+xfkm|@kmw5n+lolok5tËb} â α

k5t]|@km|@k5loq@ehxfirska π2 − α áBâ (M ) = á Bâ (M ) eâ = B(M )eâ u

I ßÔß³ß6ß à .e = I ßÔß³ß6ß à = ßÔß³ß6ß à RI sin α

w5n+qsta áBâ (M ) = 2µR I sin (α )eâ = á Bâ (O) sin (α )

x{@rsehxºÍ π ÎuL dC = sym / (dC ) = dC L

®CR 2á â S2éêy;X>á â (X>YS2á âM â â â â µ I eâ

{@n  gWrseb|@qsw5tugjqsp  tuqsn+x¥ Áf¦4L dC = sym / (dC ) = −dC L

®CR 2á â S2éêy;X>á â (X>YS2á âM â â à ß~à u 2

¿hOmZ+X]]V£X#DPT2S%R `D[OëX5VV>X>YS%R O@P2S+X>[WVW\ X>PN Ã X

Ç q@rseb& |@qsw5tugjqsp *  tuqsn+x|@kmc5n  gjehxft]{@gj5w5k5xftuk  xehî+km|] ehxftuqsw5Ølo5tugjqskm|@kmgj5v5n+r  tuqsn+x

× kmc5dfehlo{ òBó c5gj5km{@ehg  xfkmw5{@qsgjkmw5qst  5k è rsebc5n+tukÏû@}+k5xüËÌv5e  ta µ I sin (α )eó L

ËÑM ò ó µ I dN sin (α )eó  ûÂzÝbýzäZ.2SUX>P α _

www.marocprepas.info M.Afekir – ERA / CPGE _ Marrakech

Ùn+xfca òBó (M ) = − µ2RI o

n+xfw5qs|@5gjn+xfw  x5rs5lok5xftzN0yobND\!_sN+Ý|  w  g  ehc5km{@5gjqs{@df5gjq h km|  5w n+rs5xfns|@kL

k5t òBó (M ) k5w5t]{@n+gjtum{@ehg ­ ÝzÜ+w5n+qst B(M ) = d ßBà (M ).eà = µ4πnI ßÔdzdl

ó ó ò³dòÔò!òSó .uó

www.marocprepas.info M.Afekir – ERA / CPGE _ Marrakech

! "!$#"%& ')(*,+-%/.0+-%&+1""23#"415&+-6"7!$"%323895&%&%&7;::<(3= "5&>?7%32&=A@!)+-%&(*>B+-415&"C(*,(3"%&"+$2D#<E/FHGI%3JK

Q2R7S2M ßBà (M ) = µ j ò~eà ó _ ó o s z

Ç n+qs- t  & xfkmw  g  ehc5kÂ¥!y.¦@|@5rsqsloqstu5km{@Behg  xc5n+xftun  gWn+gjqsk5xftuÂ¥!+¦4}+|@ehxfw  xfkmgj5iqsn+xnM

www.marocprepas.info M.Afekir – ERA / CPGE _ Marrakech

→ \³Ã T@\ T2O@P2Su#\![¢S~2SÄX>\+a dφ = dφ + dφ = B .dS + B .dS

¿hO¡\![¢ND[mZ+X]]V£X@DPT2SR `D[O ¼½SYX>O@Y^Q[2POmQ@[@Y  XZ.O¡5O@YTO¥!y.¦¡OQ2S@P@[@\!\ O@_ ³ß ßÄà

x|@5w5qsgjkm|@5tuk5gjloqsxfk5gWrskmc5dfehlo{oloehixf5tuq h kmc5gj5km{@ehgÏ¥ Áf¦Dk5xüÉÂa UBV (P) = UBV (r,θ , z)

ÁT2S~O@YR7PX]S%R @PN+O\ X Z&2]V

φΣ = B( P).dS = 0 = ( B ( z + dz ) − B( z ))π r 2 + 2π rdz Br

www.marocprepas.info M.Afekir – ERA / CPGE _ Marrakech

( B) = B.dl L dl n+gjqsk5xftum{@ehgWrskmw5k5xfwm| c5n gjehxftL 

Å>R ÜsOM6#RÄ\ÀSYX>O@Y^Q\ X Q@[2Y  XZ.ON+T@\ªR!R!SUTWV>X>Y]¥!+¦¡Æ

a (ßBà ) = ßBà .dlà =

www.marocprepas.info M.Afekir – ERA / CPGE _ Marrakech

B (O ) = B c5n+xfx  }+k5t]ru e  tugjk

ö ¸ lo~{ N5gjka B.dl = µ I

Y]ãzä£M ¥!+¦b¥« © « « » ,« ºG¦  ßà

nÇ xfw5 qs|@5gjn+xfw ­ ¢ç c5n;lolokm{@rsehx|@kmrsebxfeh{@{@k}+k5t à j = j eà L

www.marocprepas.info M.Afekir – ERA / CPGE _ Marrakech

MNGR QZ.@P2S%R7P@[2R!SUTND[mZ+X]]VX#GPT2SR `D[O ÀB¿ ¼½\ XSYX>O@Y^QTON+OmZ.@[@YX

Ç n+qst  x  qsr@|@km6 c5n ,  gjehxft]|@kmw5k5c5tuqsn+xüQh}+|@k  ehqsp@rskm|@qsehlÁN5tugjkm|@k5v5ehxft]w5ebrsn+xfi  k  mg L

www.marocprepas.info M.Afekir – ERA / CPGE _ Marrakech

df = idl ∧ B rsn+gjw h  qsr@k5w5t]{@ehgjc5n  g  {@ehg  xc5n  gjehxft]{@k5gjloehxfk5xft R

k5t]{@rsehc5m|@ehxfw  xc5dfehlo{oloehixf5tuq h k ÀB¿ _

|@k î qsrsw qsrsq n+gjlok5w}+{@ehgjehrsrjN5rsk5w}+k5t]{@ehgjc5n g wm{@ehgW|@k5wmc5n gjehxftuwm|@kmloú5lokmw5k5xfwmk5t]|@k

ù n  g  x5rs5lok5xft dl¿ = dl e¿ |@kÂ¥ Â ¦4}+rse  n+gjc5km|@kÏ¿hX5VW\ X#Z.Ozw  p@qskmk5w5ta à e¿

Å ¾ _ ®MDO2SSUO¡ @Yë[@\ OëOQ2S¼½\³Ã @YR GR7PON+O\ X½N;TÔ#RÄP2R7S%R @PN+O\³Ã«Ï]Vsm@Y^OëÆ

Åb¿hOmZ+2R ¢N+O\³Ã R7P2SUO@PQ2R!SUTmOQ2ST`D[2R7(X>\ O@P2S+¼X]S%SYR7[O@Y]\ X½(X>\ O@[@Y 4π .10 −7 ¼ µo _5Æ

www.marocprepas.info M.Afekir – ERA / CPGE _ Marrakech

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j = σ v MOZ;S~O@[@Y]N+O@PQ2R!SUTmQ@[@Y XZ+R `D[ON+OmZ.@[@YX>P2SO2S σ MN+O@PQ2R7SUTmQ@[@Y XZ;R `D[ON+O

fx km|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x|@kmc5n gjehxft]{@gjn+| qst xfkmlon+|@q qsc5ehtuqsn+x|@k5wm{@gjn+{@gjqs5tu5wm|@kmru k5w5{@ehc5k

× ebc5n+xftugjqsp tuqsn+xe c5dfehlo{otun+tuehru}+w n+p@tuqsk5xft]w5k5rsn+xrskmtuØ{@km|@km|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x¥ÁÂ¦M

Ó Ó dlÓ ∧ uÓ = dz cosθ eÓ d ß Bà (M ) = µ I dzß³ßÔcos θà

× n+gjw h kÏÉÏ|@5c5gjqst]rsebw5{@qsgjk} d á Bâ (M ) |@5c5gjqst xc5æ+xfkm|@kmw5n+lolok5tËb} â α

k5t]|@km|@k5loq@ehxfirska π2 − α áBâ (M ) = á Bâ (M ) eâ = B(M )eâ u

w5n+qsta áBâ (M ) = 2µR I sin (α )eâ = á Bâ (O) sin (α )

x{@rsehxºÍ π ÎuL dC = sym / (dC ) = dC L

®CR 2á â S2éêy;X>á â (X>YS2á âM â â â â µ I eâ

{@n gWrseb|@qsw5tugjqsp tuqsn+x¥ Áf¦4L dC = sym / (dC ) = −dC L

®CR 2á â S2éêy;X>á â (X>YS2á âM â â à ß~à u 2

¿hOmZ+X]]V£X#DPT2S%R `D[OëX5VV>X>YS%R O@P2S+X>[WVW\ X>PN Ã X

Ç q@rseb& |@qsw5tugjqsp * tuqsn+x|@kmc5n gjehxft]{@gj5w5k5xftuk xehî+km|] ehxftuqsw5Ølo5tugjqskm|@kmgj5v5n+r tuqsn+x

× kmc5dfehlo{ òBó c5gj5km{@ehg xfkmw5{@qsgjkmw5qst 5k è rsebc5n+tukÏû@}+k5xüËÌv5e ta µ I sin (α )eó L

ËÑM ò ó µ I dN sin (α )eó ûÂzÝbýzäZ.2SUX>P α _

Ùn+xfca òBó (M ) = − µ2RI o

n+xfw5qs|@5gjn+xfw x5rs5lok5xftzN0yobND\!_sN+Ý| w g ehc5km{@5gjqs{@df5gjq h km| 5w n+rs5xfns|@kL

k5t òBó (M ) k5w5t]{@n+gjtum{@ehg ÝzÜ+w5n+qst B(M ) = d ßBà (M ).eà = µ4πnI ßÔdzdl

! "!$#"%& ')(,+-%/.0+-%&+1""23#"415&+-6"7!$"%323895&%&%&7;::<(3="5&>?7%32&=A@!)+-%&(>B+-415&"C(*,(3"%&"+$2D#<E/FHGI%3JK

Q2R7S2M ßBà (M ) = µ j ò~eà ó _ ó o s z

Ç n+qs- t & xfkmw g ehc5kÂ¥!y.¦@|@5rsqsloqstu5km{@Behg xc5n+xftun gWn+gjqsk5xftuÂ¥!+¦4}+|@ehxfw xfkmgj5iqsn+xnM

→ \³Ã T@\ T2O@P2Su#\![¢S~2SÄX>\+a dφ = dφ + dφ = B .dS + B .dS

¿hO¡\![¢ND[mZ+X]]V£X@DPT2SR `D[O ¼½SYX>O@Y^Q[2POmQ@[@Y XZ.O¡5O@YTO¥!y.¦¡OQ2S@P@[@\!\ O@_ ³ß ßÄà

x|@5w5qsgjkm|@5tuk5gjloqsxfk5gWrskmc5dfehlo{oloehixf5tuq h kmc5gj5km{@ehgÏ¥ Áf¦Dk5xüÉÂa UBV (P) = UBV (r,θ , z)

ÁT2S~O@YR7PX]S%R @PN+O\ X Z&2]V

( B) = B.dl L dl n+gjqsk5xftum{@ehgWrskmw5k5xfwm| c5n gjehxftL

Å>R ÜsOM6#RÄ\ÀSYX>O@Y^Q\ X Q@[2Y XZ.ON+T@\ªR!R!SUTWV>X>Y]¥!+¦¡Æ

B (O ) = B c5n+xfx }+k5t]ru e tugjk

ö ¸ lo~{ N5gjka B.dl = µ I

Y]ãzä£M ¥!+¦b¥« © « « » ,« ºG¦ ßà

nÇ xfw5 qs|@5gjn+xfw ¢ç c5n;lolokm{@rsehx|@kmrsebxfeh{@{@k}+k5t à j = j eà L

MNGR QZ.@P2S%R7P@[2R!SUTND[mZ+X]]VX#GPT2SR `D[O ÀB¿ ¼½\ XSYX>O@Y^QTON+OmZ.@[@YX

Ç n+qst x qsr@|@km6 c5n , gjehxft]|@kmw5k5c5tuqsn+xüQh}+|@k ehqsp@rskm|@qsehlÁN5tugjkm|@k5v5ehxft]w5ebrsn+xfi k mg L

df = idl ∧ B rsn+gjw h qsr@k5w5t]{@ehgjc5n g {@ehg xc5n gjehxft]{@k5gjloehxfk5xftR

k5t]{@rsehc5m|@ehxfw xc5dfehlo{oloehixf5tuq h k ÀB¿ _

|@k î qsrsw qsrsq n+gjlok5w}+{@ehgjehrsrjN5rsk5w}+k5t]{@ehgjc5n g wm{@ehgW|@k5wmc5n gjehxftuwm|@kmloú5lokmw5k5xfwmk5t]|@k

ù n g x5rs5lok5xft dl¿ = dl e¿ |@kÂ¥ Â ¦4}+rse n+gjc5km|@kÏ¿hX5VW\ X#Z.Ozw p@qskmk5w5ta à e¿

Å ¾ _ ®MDO2SSUO¡@Yë[@\ OëOQ2S¼½\³Ã @YR GR7PON+O\ X½N;TÔ#RÄP2R7S%R @PN+O\³Ã«Ï]Vsm@Y^OëÆ

Åb¿hOmZ+2R ¢N+O\³Ã R7P2SUO@PQ2R!SUTmOQ2ST`D[2R7(X>\ O@P2S+¼X]S%SYR7[O@Y]\ X½(X>\ O@[@Y 4π .10 −7 ¼ µo _5Æ