ERA INNOVATIONS
PREHISTORIC Man’s discovery of temporary shelter using animal skins, wooden poles and
ERA branches used as alternative construction materials
ANCIENT Man’s ability to build dwellings using stones for them to be secured from any harm
TIMES which made people to be an organized community Where the discovery of a
technique flourished by making several entry points through the wall to enter into
their village and providing streets from them to have easier access.
BRONZE AGE • Monumental architecture structures using sun-dried bricks in order to keep
them from the sun which is considered to be defensive building works.
• Development of rectilinear form land division for easier land plotting and
ownership, and for agriculture purposes.
IRON AGE • Introduction of grid system for the town and emphasized geometric
patterns in Agora.
• The designing of towns and zoning were flourished.
MIDDLE AGES • Introduction of radio-centric pattern relied on protective town walls for
better security and providing better shelter andfortifications.
• Flourishing of Mercantilist cities since they believe that a nation's wealth and
power were best served by increasing exports where it entice to construct
new defensive works.
RENAISSANCE • The urban design was established in this era which promotes the sense of
form, beauty, and function.
• Vienna became the university town (city of culture & arts)
BAROQUE • Creation of huge open spaces with majestic boulevards.
• New concept of urban planning introduced by Leonardo da Vinci in his Codex
Atlanticus.
18TH -19TH • Urban-renewal demolition activities were done in this period
CENTURY • Beginning of Industrial revolution – (“Machine age”) where human labors
ONWARDS were replaced bymachines.
20TH CENTURY • Development of reform movements such as GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT by
INDUSTRIAL Ebenezer Howard depicts that the town and country used as 3 magnets
SOCIETY • The town has an access of advantageous factors of the country where both
of them relies on each other to function in a better way thru planning of
decentralization of workers and their places of employment.
CITY • City planning began to grow which made emphasis on designing civic and
BEAUTIFUL open spaces. Daniel Burnham emphasized that city was designed to the
ERA main circulation and connection of parks and buildings.
• Linear connection was flourished when Lewis Mumford observed that
Burnham forgot to consider health and sanitation concerns.
CRUZ, KRISTELLE CHARLOTTE B. AHOUSING ARC 152
EFFECTS
It enabled to withstand various environmental and human
harms.
Establishment of a well- organized community through using
massive protection from existing materials and other sources.
• Discovery of street and land layout that can properly
manage the human and vehicular traffic.
• It began to provide a dignified civilization and using
sturdy materials that can keep people from heat.
Separation of wealthier families from the impoverished
ones and better classification of uses through zoning. Also, it
enabled to integrate the civic and social life.
• The increment of population started to its central city
where the growing innovations exist.
• Also, feudalism affected the urban designs of most towns
• Geometrical layout for cities began and the urban
planning focused more on the aesthetic than
substantive.
• The whole plan of a town became a network
composed as a disciplined whole which the focal
points such as markets, cathedral, palaces, stock
exchange, fortress, and bridge stood out.
It is envisioned that a city can be beautiful and inspiring thru
using intricate designs where it is considered to be the
foundation harmony in design.
• Increment of CONGESTION, SAFETY HAZARDS, AND
AIR/WATER POLLUTION.
• Due to the said problems, improvement of road and
railway is provided.
• Provision of greenbelt and mixture of land uses to
ensure social/economic self-sufficiency
• Introduction of new basic materials
• Increased division of labor and specialization of
function
• Improvements in transportation and communication
• Technological changes where it began to have a
better mode of transportation which became the key
to industrialization.
Appearance of the holistic and multipurpose
approach to urban planning by not only enhance
the city’s appearance but also help the flow of
vehicle and pedestrian traffic, the City Beautiful
concept focused on incorporating civic center,
parks, and grand boulevards.
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS MATRIX
CONCLUSIVE APPLICATION
Application of vernacular materials that can provide a
resilient, functional, and affordable housing development.
Introduction of sturdier construction materials which can
be more resilient whether the shelter stands on a slope of a
plain land.
• Requirement of having an accurate lot boundary
and manages to separate a way of a vehicle and for
humans. Also, it introduced an advantage of
having structures in a straight line. This is also
beneficial for creating a crop planning.
Require division of areas where each structure located in
an accurate zoning to provide a convenient identification
and prevent sprawling.
Required to have central business district separated from the
residential areas to prevent variety of pollutions.
• Provision of a shelter that is functional, aesthetically
pleasing, and resilient in the long run.
• The building footprint should be integrated with the
street and land layout which promotes coherence
and permeability for the users.
Provision of at least an open space within a house whether
in the center or at the sides. It accumulates a good indoor air
quality.
Use of innovative style approach in terms of constructing a
house but still considering its pros and cons.
• Use of steel materials for easier installation and
construction of houses which also made building a
more resilient developments.
• Use of science in Architecture where machines
started from the 18th century up to this era in order
to have a more convenient construction of houses
which different techniques can be done.
Require a shelter to be livable and orderly which shapes
the whole structure and its lot. Also, requires to be connected
to the streets and other accessible ways.
GRADE:
JULY 31, 2019