VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

Regulation : 2013

Academic Year : 2018 – 19 Odd Semester

Class : III year, V Semester

Subject Code : EC6502

Subject Name : Principles of Digital Signal Processing

Prepared by

Dr.C.Amali, Assistant Professor / ECE

Mr.C.Saravanakumar, Assistant Professor / ECE

Mr.S.Marirajan, Assistant Professor / ECE

Page 1 of 15
 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Class : III year, V semester

Subject Code : EC6502
Subject Name : Principles of Digital Signal Processing

UNIT I – DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM

Discrete Signals and Systems - A Review – Introduction to DFT – Properties of DFT – Circular Convolution
- Filtering methods based on DFT – FFT Algorithms –Decimation in time Algorithms, Decimation in
frequency Algorithms – Use of FFT in Linear Filtering.
PART - A
BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
1. Define unit step function. BTL1 Remembering

2. Test the causality and stability of 𝑦(𝑛) = sin 𝑥(𝑛). BTL4 Analysing

3. Compare energy and power signal. BTL5 Evaluating

BTL3 Applying
4. Check and explain whether the system 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑛) is linear or not?
5. Compute the DFT of the sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = {1, −1,1, −1}. BTL4 Analysing

6. Describe about Discrete Fourier Transform. BTL1 Remembering

7. Give the time reversal property of DFT. BTL1 Remembering

8. Explain Parseval’s relation. BTL2 Understanding

9. State and prove periodicity property of DFT. BTL5 Evaluating

10. Obtain the circular convolution of 𝑥(𝑛) = {1,2,1} ; ℎ(𝑛) = {1, −2,2} BTL4 Analysing

11. Discuss about overlap save method. BTL6 Creating

Page 2 of 15
12. What is zero padding? What are its uses? BTL2 Understanding

13. What is twiddle factor? BTL1 Remembering

14. Identify the advantages of FFT over DFT. BTL3 Applying

15. Outline the concept of bit reversal in FFT? BTL2 Understanding

16. How many stages of decimations are required in the case of a 64point BTL3 Applying
radix-2 DIT FFT algorithm?
17. Estimate the number of multiplications required in the computation BTL6 Creating
of 8-point DFT using FFT.
18. Point out the usage of in-place computation in FFT? BTL1 Remembering

19. Draw the basic butterfly diagram of radix-2 DIT FFT. BTL2 Understanding

20. Write the applications of FFT algorithm. BTL1 Remembering

PART - B
Summarize the following properties of DFT: Periodicity, Conjugation,
1. BTL2 Understanding
Circular frequency shifting & Multiplication. (13)

How will you determine the circular convolution of the following

2. sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = {1,1,2,1}, ℎ(𝑛) = {1,2,3,4} using DFT and IDFT BTL1 Remembering
method. (13)
Construct the circular convolution of two finite duration sequences BTL6 Creating
3.
𝑥1 (𝑛) = {1, −1, −2,3, −1}; 𝑥2 (𝑛) = {1,2,3}. (13)
Demonstrate the output y(n) of a filter whose impulse response ℎ(𝑛) =
4. {1,1,1} and input signal 𝑥(𝑛) = {3, −1,0,1,3,2,0,1,2,1} using overlap BTL2 Understanding
save method and overlap add method. (13)
Illustrate the 8-point DFT of a sequence 𝑥(𝑛) =
5. BTL2 Understanding
{0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,0,0,0,0}. (13)

6. (i) Analyze the inverse DFT of 𝑋(𝐾) = {1,2,3,4} (7) BTL4 Analysing
(ii) Compare overlap add and overlap save method. (6)
(i) Develop the steps for radix-2 DIT FFT algorithm. (7)
7. (ii) Solve the 8-point of a given sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑛 + 1 using DIT- BTL3 Applying
FFT algorithm. (6)
(i) Describe the steps for radix-2 DIF FFT algorithm. (7)
8. (ii) Find the 8-point of a given sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = {1,2,2,1,1,2,2,1} BTL1 Remembering
using DIF-FFT algorithm. (6)
(i) Show that FFT algorithm helps in reducing the number of
9. computations involved in DFT computation. (7) BTL1 Remembering
(ii) Discuss about overlap add method for convolution. (6)

Page 3 of 15
 10. Examine the 8-point DFT of the sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = BTL4 Analysing
{2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1} using decimation in time FFT algorithm. (13)
{1,2,3,4,4,3,2,1} using Radix-2
11. Estimate the DFT for the sequence BTL5 Evaluating
Decimation in Frequency algorithm. (13)
Calculate IDFT of the sequence 𝑋(𝐾) = {7, −0.707 −
12. 𝑗0.707, −𝑗, 0.707 − 0.707,1,0.707 + 𝑗0.707, 𝑗, −0.707 + BTL4 Analysing
𝑗0.707 using DIT algorithm. (13)
Apply DIT algorithm to compute DFT of the given sequence. 𝑥(𝑛) =
13. {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}. BTL3 Applying
(13)
𝑛𝜋
Compute the DFT of the sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 where 𝑁 = 4 using BTL1 Remembering
14. 2
DIF FFT algorithm. (13)
PART - C

Formulate the 8-point DFT using FFT

1. BTL6 Creating
1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 6
𝑥(𝑛) = { (15)
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

Evaluate the 8 point for the given sequence using DIT FFT algorithm
2. BTL5 Evaluating
1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 −3≤𝑛≤3
𝑥(𝑛) = { (15)
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1,1,1,0,0,0,2,2
3. Estimate the DFT of the sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = { } (15) BTL5 Evaluating
↑
Using linear convolution construct 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛) ∗ ℎ(𝑛) for the
sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = {1,2, −1,2,3, −2, −3, −1,1,1,2, −1} and ℎ(𝑛) =
4. {1,2}. Compare the result by solving the problem using Overlap add BTL6 Creating
method & Overlap save method. (15)

UNIT II – IIR FILTER DESIGN

Structures of IIR – Analog filter design – Discrete time IIR filter from analog filter – IIR filter design by
Impulse Invariance, Bilinear transformation, Approximation of derivatives – (LPF, HPF, BPF, BRF) filter
design using frequency translation.
PART - A
BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
1. List the different types of filters based on frequency response. BTL 1 Remembering

2. Write the properties of Butterworth filter. BTL 1 Remembering

3. Compare IIR and FIR filters. BTL 2 Understanding

Page 4 of 15
4. Why do we go for analog approximation to design a digital filter? BTL 4 Analyzing

5. Mention the requirements for the digital filter to be stable and BTL 1 Remembering
causal.
6. Justify why impulse invariant method is not preferred in the design BTL 5 Evaluating
of IIR filter other than LPF?
7. Write the properties of Butterworth filter. BTL 1 Remembering
8. Compare Butterworth with Chebyshev filters. BTL 2 Understanding
9. Outline the steps in design of a digital filter from analog filters. BTL 2 Understanding

10. Identify the expression for location of poles of normalized BTL 3 Applying
Butterworth filter.
11. Discuss the need for prewarping. BTL 1 Remembering
1 BTL 6 Creating
12. Convert the given analog transfer function 𝐻(𝑠) = 𝑠+𝑎 into digital
by impulse invariant method.
Use the backward difference for the derivative to convert analog BTL 3 Applying
13. 1
LPF with system function (𝑠) = 𝑆+2 .
14. Justify why the Butterworth response is called a maximally flat BTL 4 Analyzing
response.
15. Distinguish between recursive and non-recursive realization. BTL 4 Analyzing

16. Sketch the frequency response of an odd and even order Chebyshev BTL 5 Evaluating
low pass filters.
1
17. Compute 𝐻(𝑧) for the IIR filter whose 𝐻(𝑠) = 𝑠+6 with 𝑇 = 0.1𝑠𝑒𝑐 BTL 6 Creating
using Bilinear transformation.
18. Mention the advantages of cascade realization. BTL 2 Understanding

19. Develop the Direct Form II representation of a Second order IIR BTL 3 Applying
system.
20. What is the advantage of direct form II realization when compared BTL 1 Remembering
to direct form I realization?
PART - B
Given the specification ∝𝑝 = 3𝑑𝐵; ∝𝑠 = 16𝑑𝐵; 𝑓𝑝 = 1𝐾𝐻𝑧; 𝑓𝑠 =
1 BTL3 Applying
2𝐾𝐻𝑧. Solve for H(s) using Chebyshev approximation. (13)

For the given specifications, design an analog Butterworth filter

2 0.9 ≤ |𝐻(𝑗𝛺)| ≤ 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝛺 ≤ 0.2𝜋 BTL6 Creating
|𝐻(𝑗𝛺)| ≤ 0.2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0.4𝜋 ≤ 𝛺 ≤ 𝜋 (13)

Choose an analog Butterworth filter that has a 2𝑑𝐵 pass band

3 attenuation at a frequency of 20 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠𝑒𝑐 & at least 10𝑑𝐵 stop band BTL1 Remembering
attenuation at 30 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠𝑒𝑐 . (13)
4 Convert the analog filter into a digital filter whose system function BTL3 Applying
is

Page 5 of 15
 𝑆+0.2
𝐻(𝑠) = (𝑆+0.2)2 +9. Use impulse invariance technique. Assume 𝑇 =
1𝑠𝑒𝑐. (13)

5 Enumerate the steps for IIR filter design by impulse invariance with BTL1 Remembering
example. (13)
6 Analyze the design of discrete time IIR filter from analog filter. (13) BTL4 Analysing

An Analog filter has a transfer function

10
𝐻(𝑠) = 2
7 (𝑆 + 7𝑆 + 10) BTL2 Understanding

Design a digital filter equivalent to this using impulse invariant

method for 𝑇 = 0.2𝑠𝑒𝑐. (13)
Apply Bilinear transformation to determine 𝐻(𝑧) for Butterworth
filter satisfying the following specifications.
8 BTL3 Applying
0.8 ≤ |𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )| ≤ 1 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋/4
|𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )| ≤ 0.2 𝜋/2 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋 (13)
Find the system function H(z) of the Chebyshevs low pass digital
filter with the specifications
9 ∝𝑝 = 1𝑑𝐵 𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.2𝜋; BTL1 Remembering
∝𝑠 = 15𝑑𝐵 𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 0.3𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋;
using bilinear transformation assume 𝑇 = 1𝑠𝑒𝑐. (13)
Explain the conversion of analog BPF into digital IIR filter using BTL2 Understanding
10 1
backward difference for the derivative 𝐻𝑎 (𝑠) = (𝑠+0.2)2 +8 (13)
Determine the cascade form and parallel form implementation of the
11 system governed by the transfer function BTL5 Evaluating
1+𝑍 −1
𝐻(𝑠) = 1+2𝑍 −1 (13)
Simplify the following pole – zero IIR filter into a lattice ladder
12 structure. BTL4 Analysing
[1+2𝑧 −1 +2𝑧 −2 +𝑧 −3 ]
𝐻(𝑧) = 13 5 1 (13)
[1+( )𝑧 −1 +( )𝑧 −2 +( )𝑧 −3 ]
24 8 3
Analyze a digital Chebyshev filter to satisfy the constraints
0.707 ≤ |𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )| ≤ 1 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.2𝜋
13 BTL4 Analysing
|𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )| ≤ 0.1 0.5𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋

using Bilinear transformation and assuming 𝑇 = 1𝑠𝑒𝑐 . (13)

Obtain the direct form I direct form II and cascade form realization
of
14 the following system functions 𝑦(𝑛) = 0.1𝑦(𝑛 − 1) + BTL1 Remembering
0.2𝑦(𝑛 − 2) + 3𝑥(𝑛) + 3.6𝑥(𝑛 − 1) + 0.6𝑥(𝑛 − 2). (13)

Page 6 of 15
 Part C
Design a third order Butterworth digital filter using impulse invariant BTL 6 Creating
1. technique. Assume the sampling period 𝑇 = 1𝑠𝑒𝑐 (15)

For the given specifications, design an Chebyshev digital filter using BTL 5 Evaluating
impulse invariance transformation.
2.
0.9 ≤ |𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.25𝜋
|𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 0.24 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0.5𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋 (15)

Propose a digital Butterworth filter with the following BTL 6 Creating

specifications : 0.707 ≤ |𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )| ≤ 1 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.5𝜋
3. |𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )| ≤ 0.2 0.75𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋

using bilinear transformation determine system function 𝐻(𝑍)

assuming 𝑇 = 1𝑠𝑒𝑐 . (15)
Evaluate the direct form I, direct form II, cascade and parallel form BTL 5 Evaluating
realization of LTI system governed by the equation: (15)
3 3 1
4. 𝑦(𝑛) = − 8 𝑦(𝑛 − 1) + 32 𝑦(𝑛 − 2) + 64 𝑦(𝑛 − 3) + 𝑥(𝑛) +
3𝑥(𝑛 − 1) + 2𝑥(𝑛 − 2).

UNIT III - FIR FILTER DESIGN

Structures of FIR – Linear phase FIR filter – Fourier Series - Filter design using windowing techniques
(Rectangular Window, Hamming Window, Hanning Window), Frequency sampling techniques – Finite
word length effects in digital Filters: Errors, Limit Cycle, Noise Power Spectrum.
PART - A
BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
Order the different structures of FIR and draw the Direct Form I BTL 4 Analyzing
1.
realization of FIR.
2. Outline the advantages of FIR filters. BTL 2 Understanding
What is the necessary and sufficient condition for the linear phase BTL 1 Remembering
3.
characteristic of an FIR filter?
Develop the frequency response of linear phase LTI system with BTL 3 Applying
4.
constant phase delay and constant group delay.
5. How are the phase distortion and delay distortion introduced? BTL 1 Remembering

6. What do you understand by linear phase response? BTL 2 Understanding

Apply the condition for a digital filter to be causal and stable and BTL 3 Applying
7.
mention the reason why FIR filter is always stable?

Page 7 of 15
 Discuss the two concepts that leads to the Fourier series method for BTL 6 Creating
8.
designing FIR filters.

9. Classify the types of impulse response for linear phase FIR filters? BTL 4 Analyzing

10. Define Gibbs phenomenon. BTL 1 Remembering

Summarize the need for employing window technique for FIR filter BTL 2 Understanding
11.
design?
12. Label the desirable characteristics of FIR filter using windows. BTL 1 Remembering
13. Sketch the frequency response of N-point rectangular windows. BTL 3 Applying
14. Compare Hamming and Hanning window. BTL 5 Evaluating
Analyze the mathematical problem involved in the design of window BTL 4 Analyzing
15.
function?
16. List the desirable characteristics of Kaiser window spectrum. BTL 1 Remembering
17. Elaborate the errors arise due to quantization of numbers. BTL 6 Creating
18. Name the different types of number representation. BTL 1 Remembering
19. What did you infer from limit cycle oscillations? BTL 2 Understanding
20. Explain the noise power spectrum. BTL 5 Evaluating
PART - B
Evaluate the direct form I & II structure of the system function BTL 5 Evaluating
1.
𝐻(𝑧) = 1 + 2𝑧 −1 − 3𝑧 −2 + 4𝑧 −3 + 5𝑧 −4 (13)
Realize a direct form and linear phase FIR structures with the
following impulse response. Which is the best realization and why?
2. 1 1 1 BTL 6 Creating
ℎ(𝑛) = 𝛿(𝑛) + 3 𝛿(𝑛 − 1) − 4 𝛿(𝑛 − 2) + 3 𝛿(𝑛 − 3) + 𝛿(𝑛 − 4).
(13)
1 1
(i) Consider an FIR lattice filter with coefficients 𝑘1 = 2; 𝑘2 = 3;
1
𝑘3 = 4 . Find the FIR filter coefficients for the direct form structure.
3. (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) An FIR filter is given by the difference equation 𝑦(𝑛) = 2𝑥(𝑛) +
4 3 2
𝑥(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 2) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 3). Draw its lattice form. (6)
5 2 3
Show that an FIR filter has linear phase if the unit sample response
4. satisfies the condition ℎ(𝑛) = ℎ(𝑁 − 1 − 𝑛). Also discuss symmetric BTL 1 Remembering
and antisymmetric case of FIR filter when 𝑁 is even. (13)
Design an ideal low pass filter with a frequency response
𝜋 𝜋
1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − ≤ 𝜔 ≤ BTL 4 Analyzing
5.
𝐻𝑑(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 ) = { 2 2
𝜋
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋
2

Page 8 of 15
 Find the values of ℎ(𝑛) for 𝑁 = 11. Find 𝐻(𝑧). (13)
Using a rectangular window technique, Illustrate a low pass filter
with pass band gain of unity, cut-off frequency of 1000 Hz and BTL 2 Understanding
6.
working at a sampling frequency of 5 KHz. The length of the impulse
response should be 7. (13)
By Choosing N = 7,design a filter with
𝜋
𝑒 −𝑗3𝜔 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟|𝜔| ≤
7. 𝐻𝑑(𝜔) = { 4 BTL 1 Remembering
𝜋
0 ; ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋
4
Using Hamming window. (13)
(i) A band reject filter of length 7 is required it is to have lower and
upper cut off frequencies of 3kHz and 5 kHz respectively. The
sampling frequency is 20 kHz. Discover the filter coefficient using BTL 4 Analyzing
8.
hanning window. (11)
(ii) Inspect the frequency domain characteristics for Rectangular and
Hanning Window. (2)
(i) How to design a FIR band stop filter to reject frequencies in the
range 1.2 to 1.8 rad/sec using hamming window, with length 𝑁 = 6.
9. (10) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Label the linear phase structure of the above band stop FIR filter.
(3)
10. Develop the procedure of designing FIR filters by windows. (13) BTL 3 Applying
Construct a low pass filter using frequency sampling method with the
11. following specifications; cut off frequency 𝜔𝐶 = 𝜋/4 and N=15 and BTL 3 Applying
plot the magnitude response. (13)
Demonstrate the coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter of length
𝑀 = 15 which has a symmetric unit sample response and a
frequency response that satisfies the conditions.
12. 1 𝑘 = 0,1,2,3,4 BTL 2 Understanding
2𝜋𝑘
𝐻𝑟 ( ) = { 0.4 𝑘=5}
15 0 𝑘 = 6,7
(13)
Examine the design procedure of FIR filter using frequency sampling BTL 4 Analyzing
13.
method. (13)
14. Explain about the limit cycle oscillations in detail. (13) BTL 2 Understanding
PART - C
(i) Realize the linear phase FIR filter with the following impulse
1 1
1. response ℎ(𝑛) = 𝛿(𝑛) + 2 𝛿(𝑛 − 1) + 𝛿(𝑛 − 4) − 4 𝛿(𝑛 − 2) + BTL 5 Evaluating
1
𝛿(𝑛 − 3). (7)
2

Page 9 of 15
 (ii) Explain the steps involved by the general process of designing a
digital filter. (4)
(iii) Justify the advantages of FIR filters. (4)
Prove that an FIR filter has linear phase if the unit sample response
2. satisfies the condition ℎ(𝑛) = ℎ(𝑁 − 1 − 𝑛). Also discuss symmetric BTL 5 Evaluating
and antisymmetric case of FIR filter when N is odd. (15)
Develop an ideal high pass filter using hanning window with a
frequency response
𝜋
1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋
3.
𝐻𝑑 (𝑒 𝑗𝜔 ) = { 4 BTL 6 Creating
𝜋
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝜔| ≤
4
Assume 𝑁 = 11. (15)
Design a FIR filter approximating the ideal frequency response
𝜋
𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟|𝜔| ≤
4. 𝐻𝑑(𝜔) = { 6 BTL 6 Creating
𝜋
0 ; ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋
6
(15)

UNIT - IV
Fixed point and floating point number representations – ADC –Quantization- Truncation and Rounding errors
- Quantization noise – coefficient quantization error – Product quantization error – Overflow error – Roundoff
noise power - limit cycle oscillations due to product round off and overflow errors – Principle of scaling
PART - A
BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level
1. Point out the effects of finite word length in digital filters. BTL4 Analysing

2. List the different types of fixed point arithmetic. BTL1 Remembering

3. Assess the advantages of floating point arithmetic. BTL5 Evaluating

4. Develop the differences between fixed point and floating point BTL3 Applying
number representations.
5. Examine the different quantization methods. BTL4 Analysing

6. Define truncation. BTL1 Remembering

7. Point out the causes of round off noise error. BTL1 Remembering

8. Outline the quantization error. BTL2 Understanding

Page 10 of 15
9. Why we select rounding over truncation in realizing digital filter. BTL5 Evaluating

10. Differentiate truncation with rounding errors. BTL4 Analysing

11. Develop the types of quantization errors occur in digital system. BTL6 Creating

12. What do you understand by input quantization error? BTL2 Understanding

13. Construct truncation error for sign magnitude representation and for BTL6 Creating
2’s complement representation.
14. Write about the over flow oscillations. BTL 1 Remembering

15. Explain limit cycles. BTL2 Understanding

16. Illustrate zero input limit cycle oscillation. BTL3 Applying

17. State about the dead band of a filter. BTL1 Remembering

18. Compute the method to eliminate overflow limit cycles. BTL3 Applying

19. What do you infer from signal scaling? BTL2 Understanding

20. Discuss about the saturation arithmetic. BTL1 Remembering

PART - B
(i) Explain the characteristics of a limit cycle oscillation with respect
to the system described by the equation 𝑦(𝑛) = 0.95𝑦(𝑛 − 1) +
1. BTL2 Understanding
𝑥(𝑛). Estimate the dead band of the filter. (Assume sign
magnitude is 5 bit). (7)
(ii) Illustrate Zero input limit cycle oscillation. (6)
(i) Describe in detail about finite word length effects in digital
filters. (6)
(ii) Determine the variance of the round of noise power at the output
2. BTL1 Remembering
of cascade realization of the filter is as described by the transfer
function 𝐻(𝑧) = 𝐻1 (𝑧) 𝐻2 (𝑧).Where
1 1
𝐻1 (𝑧) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻2 (𝑧) = . (7)
1−0.5𝑧 −1 1−0.25𝑧 −1
Derive the steady state output noise power and find the steady state
3. variance of the noise in the output due to quantization of input for the BTL6 Creating
first order filter 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑎 𝑦(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑥(𝑛) (13)
4. Summarize the need for scaling and derive the scaling factor for a BTL2 Understanding
second order IIR filter. (13)
(i)Explain in detail the input quantization error and coefficient
5. quantization error and its effect on digital filter design, with an BTL2 Understanding
example. (6)

Page 11 of 15
 (ii) Illustrate quantization noise. Summarize the expression for
quantization noise power at the output ADC. (7)
Analyze the behavior of limit cycle oscillation with respect to the
system described by the following equation 𝑦(𝑛) = 0.87 𝑦(𝑛 − 1) +
6. 𝑥(𝑛). Determine the dead band of the system when 𝑥(𝑛) = 0 and BTL4 Analysing
𝑦(−1) = 0.61. Assume that the product is quantized to 4 bits by
rounding. (13)

(i) Compute the equation for steady state input noise power and steady
7. state output noise power (or) quantization noise power. (10) BTL3 Applying
(ii) Solve for the effect of signal scaling on SNR. (3)

(i)Deduct the errors during resulting from truncation and rounding.

8. (10) BTL5 Evaluating
(ii)Explain the various formats of the fixed point representation of
binary numbers. (3)
For the second order IlR filter, the system function is,
1
𝐻(𝑍) =
9. (1 − 0.5𝑧 −1 )(1 − 0.45𝑧 −1 ) BTL1 Remembering
Examine the effect of shift in pole location with 3 bit coefficient
representation in direct and cascade forms. (13)

The input to the system 𝑦(𝑛) = 0.999𝑦(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑥(𝑛) is applied to

10. BTL4 Analysing
an ADC. Calculate the power produced by the quantization noise at
the output of the filter if the input is quantized to 8 & 16 bits. (13)
11. Describe Limit Cycle oscillation. (13) BTL1 Remembering

(i) Order the following numbers in floating point format with five bits
for mantissa and three bits for exponent.
12. (a) 710 (4) BTL4 Analysing
(b)0.2510 (3)
(ii) Compare fixed and floating point representation. (6)
𝑧
An IIR causal filter has the system function 𝐻(𝑧) = 𝑧−0.97.Assume
that the input signal is zero valued and the computed output signal BTL3 Applying
13. values are rounded to one decimal place. Show that under those stated
conditions, the filter output exhibits dead band effect. What is the dead
band range? (13)

14. Describe the quantization process and errors introduced due to BTL1 Remembering
quantization (13)
PART –C
The output of an A/D converter is applied to a digital filter with the
1. 0.5z
BTL6 Creating
system function; H(z) = . Formulate the output noise power
z−0.5

Page 12 of 15
 from the digital filter when the input signal is quantized to have 8
bits. (15)

Develop the output round off noise power for the system having
1 BTL5 Evaluating
2. transfer function 𝐻(𝑧) = (1−0.5𝑧 −1 )(1+0.4𝑧 −1 ) Which is realized in
cascade form? Assume the word length is 4 bits. (15)
Find effect of coefficient quantization on pole locations of the second
order IIR system realised in Direct Form I and in Cascade. Assume
word length of 4 bits through truncation. The transfer function of the
3. realization is given as follows. BTL5 Evaluating
1
Direct Form I 𝐻(𝑧) =
1−0.9𝑧 −1 +0.2𝑧 −2
1
Cascade form 𝐻(𝑧) = (15)
(1−0.5𝑧 −1 ) (1−0.4𝑧 −1 )
Consider the transfer function where 𝐻(𝑧) = 𝐻1 (𝑧) 𝐻2 (𝑧)
Let 𝐻(𝑧) = 𝐻1 (𝑧) 𝐻2 (𝑧) i.e.,
1 1
4. H1 (z) = −1
and H2 (z) = BTL6 Creating
1−0.5z 1−0.4z−1
Produce the output round off noise power. Assume b = 3. (excluding
Sign Bit) (15)

UNIT V - DSP APPLICATIONS

Multirate signal processing: Decimation, Interpolation, Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor –
Adaptive Filters: Introduction, Applications of adaptive filtering to equalization.
PART - A
BT Competence
Q.No Questions
Level
1. Identify the need for anti-aliasing filter. BTL 1 Remembering
2. Examine the areas in which multirate processing is used. BTL 4 Analyzing
3. Construct the direct form representation of adaptive filters. BTL 3 Applying
4. What is sub band coding? BTL 1 Remembering
5. Discuss the decimator. If the input to the decimator is 𝑥(𝑛) =
BTL 5 Evaluating
{1,2, −1,4,0,5,3,2} What is the output?
6. State sampling theorem for a band limited signal. BTL 2 Understanding
7. Define multi rate signal processing. BTL 1 Remembering
8. Classify the commonly used adaptive algorithms. BTL 4 Analyzing
9. Outline the uses of anti – imaging filter. BTL 2 Understanding
10. Define decimation in multi rate signal processing. BTL 1 Remembering
11. Explain down sampling and up sampling of multi rate signal
BTL 2 Understanding
processing.
12. Construct the symbolic representation of an interpolator and
decimator. BTL 3 Applying

Page 13 of 15
13. Describe the steps involved in adapting filtering. BTL 4 Analyzing
14. Write the input- output relationship for a decimator. BTL 2 Understanding
15. Name the various applications of adaptive filters. BTL 1 Remembering
16. Assess the advantages of multi rate processing. BTL 5 Evaluating
Develop the expression for the following multi rate system.
17. BTL 6 Creating

Point out the echo cancellation process in multi rate signal

18. BTL 1 Remembering
processing?

19. If the spectrum of a sequence 𝑥(𝑛) is 𝑋(𝑒 𝑗𝑤 ), then what is the

BTL 6 Creating
spectrum of a signal down sampled by a factor 2 ?
20. Give the applications of multi rate DSP. BTL 3 Applying
PART - B
(i) Draw the signal flow graph for IIR structures M-to-1 decimator.
1. (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Draw the signal flow graph for 1-to-L interpolator. (6)
(i). Implement a 2-stage decimator for the following specification.
Sampling rate of the input signal=20kHz,M=100
Pass band=0 to 40 Hz
2. Transition band=40 to 50 Hz
BTL 3 Applying
Pass band ripple=0.01
Stop band ripple=0.002 (7)
(ii). Obtain the decimated signal 𝑦(𝑛) by a factor 3 from the input
signal 𝑥(𝑛). (6)
3. For the signal 𝑥(𝑛), obtain the spectrum of down sampled signal
𝑥(𝑀𝑛 ) and upsampled signal 𝑥(𝑛⁄𝐿).
BTL 1 Remembering
(13)
4. Illustrate the poly phase structure of decimator and interpolator?
BTL 2 Understanding
(13)
List the applications of adaptive filters in:
5. (i) Echo cancellation (7) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Equalization. (6)
6. What are the procedures to implement digital filter bank using multi
BTL 1 Remembering
rate signal processing? (13)
7. (i) Summarize the various applications of adaptive filters? (7)
BTL 2 Understanding
(ii) State the applications of multirate signal processing? (6)
8. Discuss in detail about any two applications of adaptive filtering with
BTL 1 Remembering
a suitable diagram. (13)
Estimate how does the sampling rate increase by an integer factor I?
9. Derive the input-output relationship in both time and frequency BTL 5 Evaluating
domains. (13)
A signal 𝑥(𝑛) is given by 𝑥(𝑛) = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,0,1,2,3 … … . }
10. Obtain the decimated and the interpolated signal with a factor of 2. BTL 3 Applying
(13)

Page 14 of 15
 Examine the concept of decimation by a factor D and interpolation
11. by factor I. With the help of equation, explain sampling rate BTL 4 Analyzing
conversion by a rational factor 𝐼⁄𝐷. (13)

(i) Explain the design of narrow band filter using sampling rate
12. conversion. (7)
(ii) Show the design steps involved in the implementation of BTL 2 Understanding
multistage sampling rate converter. (6)
(i)Analyze the efficient transversal structure for decimator and
13. interpolator (7)
(ii).What are the applications of MDSP in sub band coding of BTL 4 Analyzing
signals? (6)
For the multi rate system shown in figure, formulate the relation
between 𝑥(𝑛) and 𝑦(𝑛). (13)

x (n) 2 2
14. Z -1 BTL 6 Creating
Z -1

2 2 y(n)

PART C
For the multirate systems show in figure, develop an expression for
the output as function of the input 𝑥(𝑛). (15)

1. BTL 6 Creating

(i) Discuss the points to be observed form multirate signal processing

using the operation of up sample and down sample. (8)
2. (ii) Explain a short note on subband coding in multirate signal BTL 5 Evaluating
processing. (7)

(i) Develop the principle of adaptive filter and derive the expression
of normalized filter regularized MSE. (8)
2 (𝑛) 𝑇 −1
3. 𝐽𝑚𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜎𝑑 − 𝑃 (𝑛)𝑅𝑥𝑥 p(n). BTL 6 Creating
(ii) Evaluate the working of adaptive filter as equalizer with the
relevant mathematical expressions. (7)
(i) For the given data sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = {1,4,6,8,10,12,13,2,3,15,5},
find the output sequence which is down-sampled version of
4. 𝑥(𝑛) 𝑏𝑦 2,3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4. (8)
BTL 5 Evaluating
(ii) For the sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = {5,6,8,4,2,1,3,12,10,7,11}. Find the
output of sequence 𝑌(𝑍) which is down-sampled version of 𝑥(𝑛) by
2. (7)

Page 15 of 15