VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK

V SEMESTER

EC6503 – TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES

Regulation – 2013

Academic Year 2018 – 19

Prepared by

Dr. N. Rajesh, Assistant Professor/ECE

Mr. M. Selvaraj, Assistant Professor/ECE

Mr. A. Anbarasan, Assistant Professor/ECE

Mr. M. A. Seenivasan, Assistant Professor/ECE

 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT : EC6503 TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES

SEM / YEAR: V/ III Year B.E.

UNIT I -TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY

General theory of Transmission lines - the transmission line - general solution - The infinite line -
Wavelength, velocity of propagation - Waveform distortion - the distortion-less line - Loading and
different methods of loading - Line not terminated in Z0 - Reflection coefficient - calculation of current,
voltage, power delivered and efficiency of transmission - Input and transfer impedance - Open and short
circuited lines - reflection factor and reflection loss.
PART A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. What is meant by distortion less line? BTL 1 Remembering
2. Relate the characteristic impedance and propagation constant BTL 1 Remembering
of a transmission line.
3. State properties of infinite line? BTL 1 Remembering
4. Write about the importance of characteristic impedance in BTL 1 Remembering
transmission line.
5. Define reflection loss. BTL 1 Remembering
6. Outline the need for loading of a line and give different types BTL 1 Remembering
of loading.
7. Review the expressions for the phase constant and velocity of BTL 2 Understanding
propagation for telephone cable.
8. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of co-axial cable BTL 2 Understanding
and open wire transmission line.
9. Summarize the methods to avoid waveform distortion in a BTL 2 Understanding
transmission line.
10. Give the general equation for the input impedance of a BTL 2 Understanding
dissipation line.
11. Calculate the standing wave ratio if the reflection co-efficient BTL 3 Applying
of a line is 0.3  -660
12. Illustrate how practical lines made appear as infinite lines? BTL 3 Applying
13. Sketch the equivalent circuit of a unit length of transmission BTL 3 Applying
line.
14. Analyze the expression for reflection co efficient. BTL 4 Analyzing
15. Point out the relation between characteristic impedance and BTL 4 Analyzing
primary constants of a transmission line.
16. Explain the definition of reflection factor and give its BTL 4 Analyzing
mathematical expression.
17. Prove that 1 Neper=8.686 decibel. BTL 5 Evaluating
18. Estimate the reflection coefficient of a 50 Ω transmission line BTL 5 Evaluating
when it is terminated by a load impedance of 60+j40Ω.
19. Formulate the equation to find resistance for direct current in BTL 6 Creating
open wire.
20. Formulate Campbell’s formula for a uniformly loaded line. BTL 6 Creating
PART –B

1. (i) Describe the general transmission line equation (8) BTL 1 Remembering
for the voltage and current at any point on a
transmission line.

(ii) Illustrate Delay or phase distortion (5)

2. (i) Summarize the expression for the attenuation (7) BTL 1 Remembering
and propagation constant of transmission line in
constant R, L, G and C.

(ii) State and explain camp bells equation for the (6)
loading cables.
3. (i) Discuss in detail about inductance loading of (7) BTL 1 Remembering
telephone cables and derive the attenuation
constant, phase constant and velocity of signal
transmission for the uniformly loaded cable.

(ii) Enumerate in detail about the reflection on a line (6)

not terminated in its characteristic impedance.
4. (i) Discuss the types of loading of lines. (7) BTL 1 Remembering

(ii) Write a short note on reflection factor and (6)

reflection loss and give expressions.
5. (i) Elaborately write about the waveform distortion (7) BTL 2 Understanding
also derive the condition for distortion less line.

(ii) Derive the expression for open and short

circuited impedance. (6)
6. (i) Derive the conditions (α, β) required for a (7) BTL 2 Understanding
distortion less line.

(ii) A distortion less transmission line has

attenuation constant α=1.15×10-2Np/m and (6)
capacitance of 0.01nF/m. the characteristic
resistance L/C=50Ω find the resistance,
inductance and conductance per meter of the
line.
7. (i) A transmission line has the following per unit (6) BTL 2 Understanding
length parameters: L = 0.1μH, R =5 Ω, C = 300
pF and G = 0.01 mho. Calculate the Propagation
constant and characteristic impedance at 500
MHz.
 A telephone cable 64Km long has a resistance of
(ii) 13Ω/Km and a capacitance of 0.008 (7)
µF/Km.calculate the attenuation constant,
velocity and wavelength of the line at 1000Hz.
8. (i) A generator of 1V, 1 kHz frequency, supplies (9) BTL 3 Applying
power to a 100km open wire line terminated in
200 Ω resistance. The line parameter are R=
10.4Ω/km, L=0.00367H/km, G=0.8×10-6
mho/km. C=0.00835μF/km, Z0=692  -120,
γ=.0363  78o.Calculate the reflection
coefficient, Input impedance (Zs), Power and
Transmission efficiency.

(ii) (4)
Draw and explain the reflection loss due to
mismatch between source and load impedances.
9. (i) The characteristic impedance of a uniform (7) BTL 3 Applying
transmission line is 2309.6 Ω at a frequency of
800MHz.at this frequency, the propagation
constant is 0.054(0.0366+j0.99). Solve R and L.

(ii) Illustrate the Zo and in terms of primary (6)

constants.
10. (i) Examine the L-type equivalent circuit model of a (7) BTL 4 Analyzing
two conductor transmission line and derive the
transmission line equations.

(ii) Characterize the behavior of attenuation and (6)

phase constant of an infinite line.
11. (i) Analyze the expressions for short circuited and (6) BTL 4 Analyzing
open circuited impedance.

(ii) Explain the propagation constant of continuously (7)

loaded cable.
12. (i) Explore the performance of a transmission line (7) BTL 4 Analyzing
with insertion of line and calculate insertion loss
in nepers.

(ii) Illustrate in detail about input impedance and

transfer impedance of transmission lines. (6)
13. (i) Summarize how an infinite line equal to finite (7) BTL 5 Evaluating
line terminated in its characteristic impedance.

(ii) A 2 meter long transmission line with

characteristic impedance of 60+j40 is operating (6)
at 𝜔 =106 rad/sec has attenuation constant of
0.921 Np/m and phase shift constant of 0 rad/m
if the line is terminated by a load of 20+j50,find
the input impedance of this line.
14. (i) The characteristics impedance of a 805meter (6) BTL 6 Creating
long transmission line is 94  -23.2⁰Ω, the
attenuation constant is 74.5×10ˉ⁶ Np/m. and the
phase shift constant is 174×10ˉ⁶ rad/m at 5KHz
calculate the line parameters R,L,G and C per
meter and the phase velocity on the line.

(ii) The constants of a transmission line are R=6

(7)
Ω/km, L=2.2 mH/km, C=0.005×10ˉ⁶F/km and
G=0.25×10ˉ⁶ mho/km. Calculate at the
frequency of 1kHz.
(a) The terminating impedance for which no
reflection will be setup in the line.
(b) The attenuation in dB suffered by 1 kHz,
while travelling a distance of 100 km when the
line is properly terminated and the phase
velocity with which the signal would travel.
PART – C
1. A communication line has L=3.67mH/Km, (15) BTL 5 Evaluating
G=0.08*10-6 mhos/Km, C=0.0083μF/Km and
R=10.4Ω/Km. Determine the characteristic
impedance, propagation constant, phase constant,
velocity of propagation, sending end current and
receiving end current forgiven frequency f=1000Hz
,sending end voltage is 1 volt and transmission line
length is 100 kilometers.
2. A 300m long line has the following constants (15) BTL 5 Evaluating
R=4.5kW, L=0.15 mH, G=60 mho and C=12 nF.
Operating frequency f=6MHz. Find propagation
constant, characteristic impedance and velocity of
propagation.
3. (i) Derive the condition for minimum attenuation in (8) BTL 6 Creating
a distortion less line.
(7)
(ii) Formulate Open and short circuit impedance in a
symmetrical π network.
 4. (i) Develop and derive the relation between primary (8) BTL 6 Creating
constants and secondary constants.

(ii) Determine the characteristic impedance of the T (7)

network for given values as follows. Verify
characteristic impedance with the help of open
circuit and short circuit impedance.Z1/2=100Ω
and Z2=400Ω.

UNIT II - HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSMISSION LINES

Transmission line equations at radio frequencies - Line of Zero dissipation - Voltage and current on the -
Input impedance of the dissipation-less line - Open and short circuited lines - Power and impedance
measurement on lines - Reflection losses - Measurement of VSWR and wavelength.
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Competence

Level
1. Outline the assumptions to simplify the analysis of line BTL 1 Remembering
performance at high frequencies?
2. Identify the method to analyze the performance of the line at BTL 1 Remembering
radio frequency.
3. List the properties of an infinite line. BTL 1 Remembering
4. Define nodes and antinodes on a line. BTL 1 Remembering
5. Outline the nature and value of Z0 for the dissipation less line? BTL 1 Remembering
6. Show the nature of input impedance of open circuit and short BTL 3 Applying
circuit dissipation less lines of different wavelengths.
7. Solve the terminating load for a certain R.F transmission line BTL 3 Applying
which has the characteristic impedance of the line 1200 Ω and
the reflection co-efficient was observed to be 0.2.
8. Categorize the transmission lines available for RF signal BTL 3 Applying
transmission.
9. Explain the assumptions of open wire at radio frequencies. BTL 4 Analyzing
10. Analyze the line with zero dissipation and find the values of BTL 4 Analyzing
attenuation constant and characteristic impedance?
11. Examine the skin effect in co axial cable. BTL 4 Analyzing
12. Measure the VSWR and reflection co efficient of a perfectly BTL 5 Evaluating
matched line with no reflection from load.
13. A lossless transmission has a shunt capacitance of 100 pF/m BTL 5 Evaluating
and a series inductance of 4μH/m. evaluate the characteristic
impedance.
14. Formulate the expression for the ratio of power delivered to BTL 6 Creating
the load.
15. Mention the values of SWR for open circuit, short circuits and BTL 1 Remembering
matched line.
16. Determine the values of VSWR in the case of (a) ZR = 0 and BTL 6 Creating
(b) Z R = Z0
17. Compute the relation between standing wave ratio and BTL 2 Understanding
magnitude of reflection co efficient.
18. Express SWR in terms of reflection coefficient. BTL 2 Understanding

19. Write the expression for standing wave ratio in terms of BTL 2 Understanding
reflection co-efficient.
20. Formulate the minimum values and maximum values of SWR BTL 2 Understanding
and reflection coefficient.
PART B
1. (i) Derive the expressions for voltage and current (7) BTL 1 Remembering
at any point on the radio frequency line
terminated in ZR. Obtain the expressions for the
same for different receiving end conditions.
Support with the graph of voltage and current
on a line for all conditions.
(ii) (6)
Enumerate about the power and impedance
measurement on lines.
2. (i) Brief notes on Standing waves, nodes, standing (7) BTL 1 Remembering
wave ratio also make relation between the
standing wave ratio S and the magnitude of the
reflection coefficient.
(ii) (6)
State the condition for the open wire line at
high frequencies and derive the parameters.
3. (i) Review the parameters of open wire line and co (7) BTL 1 Remembering
axial at RF. Mention the standard assumptions
made for radio frequency line. Give condition
for dissipation less.

(ii) Discuss about the Line constants for zero (6)

dissipation.
4. (i) Discuss the reflection coefficient of different (7) BTL 1 Remembering
transmission lines.

(ii) An ideal loss less quarter wave (s=ƛ/4)

transmission line of characteristics impedance (6)
60Ω is terminated in a load impedance ZR.
What is value of the input impedance of the line
when ZR=0, ∞ and 60Ω.
5. (i) Compare the features of open wire and co axial (7) BTL 2 Understanding
cable at high frequencies.

(ii) Derive the line constants of zero dissipation less

line. (6)
6. (i) Interpret the various parameters of open wire (7) BTL 2 Understanding
and co axial lines at radio frequency.

(ii) Discuss in detail about Standing wave ratio. (6)

7. (i) Explain in detail about the variation of input (6) BTL 2 Understanding
impedance along open and short circuit lines
with relevant graphs. (7)
(ii)
Sketch the voltages and currents on dissipation
less line for the conditions given below.
(a) Open circuit
(b) Short circuit
(c) Rr =R0
8. (i) The VSWR measured on UHF transmission line (7) BTL 3 Applying
at a frequency of 300MHz found to be 2.if the
distance between load and voltage minimum is
0.8m, solve the normalized load impedance.

(ii) A lossless transmission line with Z0 = 75 Ω and (6)

of electrical length l = 0.3λ is terminated with
load impedance of ZR = (40+j20) Ω.
Determine the reflection coefficient at load,
SWR of line, input impedance of the line.
9. (i) A low loss transmission line of 100Ω (7) BTL 3 Applying
characteristic impedance is connected to a load
of 200Ω.calculate the voltage reflection
coefficient and the standing wave ratio.

(ii) Calculate standing wave ratio and reflection (6)

coefficient on a line having Z0 =300 Ω and
terminated in ZR=300+j400 Ω.
10. (i) A lossless line in air having a characteristic (7) BTL 4 Analyzing
impedance of 300 Ω is terminated in unknown
impedance. The first voltage minimum is
located at 15cm from the load. The standing
wave ratio is 3.3.calculate the wavelength and
terminated impedance.

(ii) An antenna as a load on a transmission line (6)

produces a standing wave ratio of 2.8 with a
voltage minimum 0.12λ from the antenna
terminals. Calculate the antenna impedance,
reflection factor and reflection loss at the
antenna if R0=300 Ω for the line.
11. (i) Express the mathematical expressions for the (8) BTL 4 Analyzing
input impedance of the dissipation less line.
Deduce the input impedance of open and short
circuited dissipation less line.

(ii) Discuss about Reflection losses on the

unmatched line. (5)
12. (i) Obtain the expression for input impedance of (7) BTL 4 Analyzing
OC and SC line at high frequencies and
 measure the power.
(ii) Explore the standing waves with neat diagram.(6)
13. (i) Summarize the relation between standing wave (6) BTL 5 Evaluating
ratio (S) and magnitude of relation co –
efficient.
(ii)
A line with zero dissipation has R=0.006 Ω / m, (7)
C=4.45/ m, L=2.5 µH / m ,If the line is operated
at 10MHz find R0 , α,β,λ, v. (7)
14. (i) Determine the reflection coefficient and voltage (5) BTL 6 Creating
standing wave ratio of a line having Ro= 100 Ω
and ZR=100-j100 Ω
A radio frequency line with Z0=70Ω is
(ii) terminated by ZL=115-j80 Ω at λ=2.5m. Find
the VSWR and the maximum, minimum line (8)
impedances
PART C
1. (i) A lossless transmission line in air has a (8) BTL 5 Evaluating
characteristic impedance of 300Ω and is
terminated by an unknown impedance. When the
frequency is 200MHz, the standing wave ratio is
4.48 and first voltage minima are situated at 6cm
from the load. Evaluate the complex reflection
coefficient Terminating impedance of the line.
(7)
(ii) Describe an experimental setup for the
determination of VSWR of an RF transmission.
2. (i) A certain low loss line has a characteristic (8) BTL 6 Creating
impedance of 400Ω.estimate the standing wave
ratio with the following receiving end impedance.
ZR=70+ j0.0Ω
ZR=800+j0.0Ω
ZR=660+j475Ω

(ii) Conclude why a quarter wave line is considered (7)

as an impedance inverter. Justify your answer.
3. Formulate the Standing wave pattern for open and (15) BTL 5 Evaluating
short circuited load for the following cases:
(a) Long line open circuited at the receiving end.
(b) Long line short circuited at the receiving end.
4. (i) An UHF transmission line of ZO=75  00 is (8) BTL 6 Creating
terminated at an unknown load. The VSWR
measured in the line is 3 and the position of
current maxima nearest to the load is one the fifth
wavelength. Evaluate the value of the load
impedance.
 (ii) Deduce an expression for the input impedance of
a dissipation less line and also find the input (7)
impedance is maximum and minimum at a
distance ‘S’.

UNIT III IMPEDANCE MATCHING IN HIGH FREQUENCY LINES

Impedance matching: Quarter wave transformer - Impedance matching by stubs - Single stub and
double stub matching - Smith chart - Solutions of problems using Smith chart - Single and double stub
matching using Smith chart.

PART A

BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level

1. Define standing wave ratio in terms of reflection coefficient. BTL 1 Remembering

2. List the application of a quarter wave line. BTL 1 Remembering
3. What is the procedure to find the impedance from the given BTL 1 Remembering
admittance using smith chart.
4. Calculate the standing wave ratio if the reflection co-efficient of BTL 1 Remembering
a line is 0.3 -66.
5. Give the minimum and maximum value of SWR and reflection BTL 1 Remembering
coefficient.
6. Why is the Quarter wave line called as copper insulator? BTL 1 Remembering
7. Compare single stub matching and double stub matching. BTL 2 Understanding
8. A 50  line is terminated in load ZR = 90 + j60. Show the BTL 2 Understanding
reflection coefficient.
9. Explain the VSWR and reflection coefficient of a perfectly BTL 2 Understanding
matched line with no reflection from load?
10. A 75 lossless transmission line is to be matched to a resistive BTL 2 Understanding
load impedance of ZL =100 via a quarter wave section. Find the
characteristic impedance of the quarter wave transformer
11. Why do standing waves exist on transmission lines? BTL 3 Applying
12. How would you use smith chart for various applications? BTL 3 Applying
13. Why short circuited stub is preferred to open circuited stub? BTL 3 Applying
14. Examine the applications of Half - wave matching line? BTL 4 Analyzing
15. Conclude advantages of double stub matching over single stub BTL 4 Analyzing
matching?
16. Can you identify the need for stub matching in transmission BTL 4 Analyzing
lines?
17. Determine why it is essential to have impedance matching. BTL 5 Evaluating
18. A lossless line has a characteristic impedance of 400. BTL 5 Evaluating
Determine the standing wave ratio if the receiving end impedance
is 800+j0
19. Formulate for finding the position and length of a stub? BTL 6 Creating
20. A 50co-axial cable feeds a 75+j20 dipole antenna. Estimate BTL 6 Creating
reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio.
PART –B (13 Marks)

1. (i) Name the procedure for double stub matching on a BTL 1 Remembering
transmission line with an example. (7)
(ii) Write notes on Eight wave line and half wave line. (6)
2. Can you recall the technique of single stub matching and find the BTL 1 Remembering
stub location and stub length equations. (13)
3. (i) Consider a line of RO = 55 ohms terminated in 115+j75 ohms. BTL 1 Remembering
If the total length of the line is 1.183λ, find the VSWR, input
impedance and admittance (7)
(ii) Find the input impedance and admittance of a co-axial line
having RO = 95 ohms and the line is 20m long short circuited at
far end operated at 10MHz. (6)
4. (i) Enumerate the operation of quarter wave transformer and BTL 1 Remembering
mention its applications. (7)
(ii) Write notes on Eight wave line and half wave line. (6)
5. Explain the transmission line circle diagram by deriving the BTL 2 Understanding
expression for constant S and constant βs circle. (13)
6. (i) It is required to match a 200 ohms load to a 300 ohms BTL 2 Understanding
transmission line to reduce the SWR along the line to 1. What
must be the characteristic impedance and length of the quarter
wave transformer used for this purpose if it is directly connected
to the load? The operating frequency is 200 MHz (5)
(ii) A UHF lossless transmission line working at 1 GHz is
connected to an unmatched line producing a voltage reflection
coefficient of 0.5(0.866+j 0.5). Calculate the length and position
of the stub to match the line using corresponding equations (8)
7. A transmission line is terminated in ZL. Measurements indicate BTL 2 Understanding
that the standing wave minima are 102 cm apart and that the last
minimum is 35 cm from the load end of the line. The value of
standing wave ratio is 2.4 and R0 = 250. Determine frequency,
wavelength, Real and reactive components of the terminating
impedance. Also Verify the results obtained from equations using
the smith chart (13)
8. VSWR of a lossless line is found to be 5 and successive voltage BTL 3 Applying
minima are 40cm apart. The first voltage minima is observed to
be 15cm from the load. The length of the line is 160cm and Zo is
300 Ω. Apply the values in smith chart to find the load
 impedance and input impedance. (13)
9. A RF transmission line with Zo=300∟0° Ω is terminated in an BTL 3 Applying
impedance of 100∟45°Ω. This load is to be matched to the
transmission line by using a short circuited stub. With the help of
smith chart, Find the length and location of the stub (13)
10. A 50  transmission line feeds an inductive load 35+j35. BTL 4 Analyzing
Analyze and design a double stub tuner to match this load to the
line using smith chart. Spacing between the two stubs is λ/4 (13)

11. (i) Derive the expression of radius and center for constant R and BTL 4 Analyzing
X circles in Smith Chart. (7)
(ii) The terminating load of UHF transmission line working at
300MHz is 50+50j ohms. Calculate VSWR and the position of
the voltage minimum nearest to the load if the characteristics
impedance of the line is 50 ohms. (6)
12. (i) Consider a line with a load of ZR/RO =2.6+j, which is 28° BTL 4 Analyzing
long. Find the input impedance (7)
(ii) Examine the operation and application of quarter wave
transformer. (6)
13. Determine the length and location of the stub to produce an BTL 5 Evaluating
impedance match on a line of 600 ohms terminated in 200 ohms.
The stub is short circuited at the other end. Determine the length
and location of the stub. (13)
14. (i) A load 50+j100 ohms is connected across a 50 ohms line. BTL 6 Creating
Design a short circuited stub to provide matching between the
two at a single frequency of 30MHz. (7)
(ii) Construct the procedure for double stub matching on a
transmission line with an example. (6)
PART –C(15 Marks)

1. (i) Determine length and location of a single short circuited stub BTL 5 Evaluating
to produce an impedance match on a transmission line with
characteristic impedance of 600 ohm and terminated in
1800ohm. (8)
(ii) A 300 Ω transmission line is connected to a load impedance
of (450-j600) Ω at 10MHz.Evaluate the position and length of
a short circuited stub required to match the line using smith
chart. (7)
2. (i) The input impedance of a λ/8 long, 50Ω transmission line are BTL 6 Creating
Z1=25+j100 Ω Z2=10-j50 Ω Z3=100+j0 Ω and Z4=0+j50 Ω,
when various load impedances are connected at the other end. In
each case, estimate the load impedance and the reflection
coefficient at the input and load ends (11)
(ii) Explain the applications of quarter wave transformer. (4)
 3. (i) A line having characteristic impedance of 50 Ω is terminated BTL 5 Evaluating
in load impedance [75+j75] Ω. Determine the reflection
coefficient and voltage standard wave ratio. (10)
(ii) Mention the significance of smith chart and its application in
transmission lines. (5)
4. (i)Develop the expression for the input impedance of the BTL 6 Creating
dissipation less line and thus obtain the expression for the input
impedance of the quarter wave line. Also discuss the application
of the quarter wave line (10)
(ii)Design a single stub match for a load of 150+j225 Ω for a 75
Ω line a 500 MHz using smith chart. (5)

UNIT IV PASSIVE FILTERS

Characteristic impedance of symmetrical networks - filter fundamentals, Design of filters: Constant K -
Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass, Band Elimination, m- derived sections - low pass, high pass composite
filters.

PART A

Q.No Questions BT Competence

Level
Write down the expression for design impedance and cut-off BTL 1 Remembering
1. frequency of low pass filter.

State the characteristics of an ideal filter? BTL 1 Remembering

2.
Describe the advantages of m-derived filters? BTL 1 Remembering
3.
Define cutoff frequency. BTL 1 Remembering
4.
A constant K T-section high pass filter has fc = 1.5KHz and BTL 1 Remembering
5. design impedance 500Ω. Find L.

What is constant-K filters? BTL 1 Remembering

6.
Compare constant k and m-derived filters. BTL 2 Understanding
7.
Explain composite filter. BTL 2 Understanding
8.
Classify different types of filter on the basis of operation. BTL 2 Understanding
9.
Draw a simple High-pass filter section and show the values of BTL 2 Understanding
10. circuit elements.

Solve the value of L and C of a constant-k filter having a BTL 3 Applying

11. cutoff frequency of 3KHz and load of 600 Ω .
 Draw a simple Band-pass filter network and identify the values BTL 3 Applying
12. of circuit elements.

For an m-derived low pass filter, obtain the relationship BTL 3 Applying
between cut-off frequency, frequency of infinite attenuation
13.
and m?

Examine the demerits of constant k filters. BTL 4 Analyzing

14.
Calculate the value of C required by a prototype high pass T- BTL 4 Analyzing
section filter having a cutoff frequency of 1KHz to work into a
15.
600Ω load resistance.

Distinguish between active filters and passive filters. BTL 4 Analyzing

16.
Deduce the expression for attenuation constant and phase BTL 5 Evaluating
17. constant for a constant k low pass filter.

A T section low pass filter has series inductance of 80mH and BTL 5 Evaluating

18. shunt capacitance of 0.022 F. Evaluate the cutoff frequency

and the design impedance.

Design a prototype low pass filter T section of design BTL 6 Creating

19. impedance Ro =500Ω and cutoff frequency fc=2000Hz.

A constant-K T-section high pass filter has a cutoff frequency BTL 6 Creating
of 10 KHz. The design impedance is 600 Ω. Estimate the value
20.
of L.

PART B (13 Marks)

1. (i) Define the characteristic impedance of symmetrical T and BTL 1 Remembering
Π section networks. (5)
(ii) How would you explain the properties of symmetrical
network in terms of characteristic impedance and propagation
constant? (5)
(iii) Find out the expression of attenuation in Neper and
Decibel. (3)
2. (i) Give the fundamentals of the Pass band and Stop band BTL 1 Remembering
Filter. (5)
(ii) Describe the operating principle of crystal filters along
with its applications. (8)

3. (i) Write notes on m derived low pass filter with necessary BTL 1 Remembering
equations and diagrams. (7)
(ii)Recall the operation of m derived high pass filter with
necessary equations and diagrams. (6)
4. Outline the design equations for m-derived band pass and band BTL 1 Remembering
elimination filters. (13)

5. (i) What do you mean by composite filter? Discuss its BTL 2 Understanding
construction, design and characteristics briefly (7)
(ii) Find the characteristics impedance and propagation
constant of the symmetrical T network whose series arm is 50
ohms and shunt arm is 5000Ω (6)
6. Explain and derive characteristic impedance, inductance, BTL 2 Understanding
capacitance and cut-off frequency for constant k low pass and
constant k high pass filter, also draw their reactance curves.
(13)

7. (i) With a neat diagram explain the operation of a constant-K BTL 2 Understanding
band pass filter. Derive the equation of resonance. Develop
expression for the circuit elements used in the series and shunt
arms of the filter. Consider a T-section. (9)
(ii) Demonstrate a symmetrical T section with ZO = 600 ohms
and γ=0+jπ/4. (4)

8. Develop a T section and π section constant k high pass filter BTL 3 Applying
and Low pass filter having cutoff frequency of 12 KHz and
nominal impedance R0 =500Ω Also find Z0, Phase constant at
24KHz and Attenuation at 4KHz. (13)

9. (i) Construct a low pass filter (both π and T-sections) having a BTL 3 Applying
cutoff frequency of 2KHz to operate with a terminated load
resistance of 500Ω. (6)
(ii) Identify and explain the operation of constant-K band
elimination filter with necessary equations and diagrams. (7)

10. (i) How would you design a high pass filter having a cutoff BTL 4 Analyzing
frequency of 1 KHz with a load resistance of 600Ω? (5)
(ii)Examine and design an m-derived low pass filter to work
into load of 400Ω with cut off frequency at 1KHz and resonant
frequency 1100Hz (8)

11. (i) Analyze and design a Band pass filter to operate into input BTL 4 Analyzing
and output resistance of 100Ω and have a pass band between
4.8KHz and 5.2KHz. (5)
(ii) The series arm Z1 of a filter consists of a 0.5µF capacitor
in series with an inductor of 0.35H. If Ro =500Ω, determine
the elements in the shunt arm and the manner in which they
may be connected. Find the frequency of resonance of and
pass band. (8)
12. (i) Given that the cutoff frequency of 5000 Hz and a design BTL 4 Analyzing
impedance of 600 ohms. The frequency of infinite attenuation
is f =1.25 fc. Design an m-derived T-section low pass filter. (7)
 (ii) Design an m-derived high pass filter π sections with a cut
off frequency of 1000/π KHz to work into load of 600Ω (6)

13. Design a low pass composite filter for the following BTL 5 Evaluating
specifications. Cut-off frequency fc =2 kHz. Frequency of
infinite attenuation f∞ = 2200 Hz Load impedance of
600Ω.Use π section to develop composite filter. (13)

14. Develop a composite High pass filter to operate into the load BTL 6 Creating
of 600Ω and have a cutoff frequency of 1.2 KHz. The filter is
have one constant k section, one m derived section with f∞
=1.1 KHz and suitably terminated half section (13)

PART-C (15 Marks)

1. (i) Evaluate an m-derived T section low pass filter having BTL 5 Evaluating
cutoff frequency of 1KHz.Design impedance is 400 Ω and the
resonant frequency is 1100 Hz. (3)
(ii) Justify the equations for the characteristic impedance of
symmetrical T and π networks. (6)
(iii) Recommend the properties of symmetrical network in
terms of characteristic impedance and propagation constant.
(6)
2. Design a constant K bandpass filter deriving expressions for BTL 6 Creating
the circuit components. A constant K high pass filter cuts off at
a frequency of 2300 Hz. The load resistance is 500 Ω.
Calculate the values of components used in the filter. (15)

3. (i) Explain &draw the m-derived T- section high pass filter.(10 BTL 5 Evaluating

(ii) Summarize composite filter and design a constant K-low

pass filter and having cut-off at which 2.5KHz and design
resistance Ro is 700Ω. (5)

4. (i) Discuss the operation and design of constant-K T section BTL 6 Creating
band elimination filter with necessary equations & diagrams.
(8)
(ii)Build a constant K bandpass filter (both T and π
sections)having a design impedance of 600 Ω and cut-off
frequencies of 1KHz. and 4KHz (7)

UNIT V - WAVE GUIDES AND CAVITY RESONATORS

General Wave behaviors along uniform Guiding structures, Transverse Electromagnetic waves,
Transverse Magnetic waves, Transverse Electric waves, TM and TE waves between parallel plates, TM
and TE waves in Rectangular wave guides, Bessel's differential equation and Bessel function, TM and TE
waves in Circular wave guides, Rectangular and circular cavity Resonators.

PART A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Define the quality factor of cavity resonator? BTL 1 Remembering
2. Write Bessel’s functions of first kind of order zero? BTL 1 Remembering
3. Mention about the dominant mode of a rectangular BTL 1 Remembering
waveguide.
4. TM01 and TM10 modes are not exists in a rectangular BTL 1 Remembering
Waveguide – Justify.
5. Define cutoff frequency of a waveguide? BTL 1 Remembering
6. Compare TE and TM mode BTL 3 Applying
7. What are commonly used guide terminations? BTL 3 Applying
8. Mention the application of cavity resonators BTL 3 Applying

9. How cavity resonator is formed? BTL 4 Analyzing

10. Characterize the velocity as Group velocity and Phase BTL 4 Analyzing
velocity in a transmission Line.
11. List out the characteristics of TEM waves. BTL 4 Analyzing
12. Discuss about the dominant mode and degenerate modes BTL 5 Evaluating
in rectangular waveguide.
13. Compare between waveguide and cavity resonator. BTL 5 Evaluating
14. A wave is propagated in the dominant mode in a parallel BTL 6 Creating
plane waveguide frequency is 6GHz and the plane
separation is 4cm. Calculate the cutoff wavelength and the
wavelength in the waveguide.
15. A wave is propagated in a parallel plane waveguide. The BTL 1 Remembering
frequency is 6GHz and the plane separation is 3cm.
Determine the group and phase velocity for the dominant
Mode.
16. Determine the size of the circular waveguide required to BTL 6 Creating
propagate TE11 mode if λc=8cm and ρ11=1.841
17. An air filled rectangular waveguide of cross section 5cm x BTL 2 Understanding
2 cm is used to propagate TM11 mode at 10 GHz.
Determine cut-off wavelength and guide wavelength.
18. Assess the features of Transverse Electro Magnetic BTL 2 Understanding
(TEM) waves.
19. An air filled rectangular waveguide of inner dimension BTL 2 Understanding
2.286 x 1.016 in centimeters operates in the dominant
TE10 modes. Calculate the cut-off frequency and phase
velocity of a wave in the guide at a frequency of 7GHz..
20. ‘TEM wave is not possible through hollow rectangular BTL 2 Understanding
waveguide’- Justify.
PART B
1. (i) Describe the principle of operation (7) BTL 1 Remembering
and applications of resonant cavities.

(ii) Explain the excitation of various modes in

Rectangular cavities. (6)
2. (i) Recall the field component of a Transverse (7) BTL 1 Remembering
Electric wave in rectangular wave guides.

(ii) Determine the expression of wave impedance

of TE, TM and TEM wave between a pair of (6)
Perfectly conducting planes.
3. (i) A rectangular cavity resonator excited by (7) BTL 2 Unterstanding
TE101 mode at 20GHz has dimensions a =
2cm, b=1cm. Calculate the length of the cavity.

(ii) Illustrate the attenuation of TE and TM waves

between parallel planes with an appropriate (6)
Graph.
4. Obtain the expression for the transmission of (13) BTL 1 Remembering
TM waves between parallel perfectly
conducting planes with necessary expressions
for the field components and compare its
characteristics with TE and TEM waves.
5. (i) For a frequency of 6 GHz and plane separation (7) BTL 3 Applying
of 3cm in air, find the cut off frequency, cut off
wavelength, phase velocity and group velocity
of the wave.
A circular air filed copper cavity is excited in (6)
(ii) the TM₀₁₀ mode at 9.375GHz. The cavity has
length of 6cm and radius 4cm. Find the
Resonant frequency and Q-factor.
6. Discuss the transmission of TM waves between (13) BTL 1 Remembering
parallel perfectly conducting planes with
necessary.

7. (i) Interpret the propagation of TM waves in a (6) BTL 2 Understanding

rectangular waveguide with necessary
expressions for the field components.
(7)
(ii) Summarize the characteristics of TE and TM
waves and also derive the cutoff frequency and
phase velocity from propagation constant.
8. (13) BTL 2 Unterstanding
Using Bessel differential equation derive the
TM field components in circular waveguides.

9. A rectangular air filled copper waveguide (13) BTL 5 Evaluating

with dimension 0.9inch x 0.4inch cross
section and 12inch length is propagated at
9.2GHz with a dominant mode. Find the cutoff
frequency, Guide wavelength, Phase velocity,
characteristic impedance and the loss.

10. (i) Examine salient features of circular cavity (6) BTL 4 Analyzing
resonator and mention its applications.
 (ii) A TE11 wave is propagating through a circular
Waveguide. The diameter of the guide
is 10cm and the guide is air-filled. Given
X11=1.842
(a)Find the cut off frequency (6)
(b)Find the wavelength λg in the guide for a (3)
frequency of 3GHz. (2)
(c)Determine the wave impedance in the guide. (2)
11. What is quality factor of a resonator and derive (13) BTL 6 Creating
an expression for the quality factor of
rectangular and circular cavity resonators.

12. A pair of perfectly conducting plates is (13) BTL 3 Applying

separated by 10cm in air and carries a signal
frequency of 6GHz in TE1 mode. Find Cut-off
frequency, Angle of incidence on planes,
Phase velocity, group velocity, Phase constant,
Cut-off wavelength, characteristic wave
impedance, and wavelength along guiding
Walls. Is it possible to propagate TE3 mode.
13. (i) Analyze the expressions for the transmissions (13) BTL 4 Analyzing
of TE waves between parallel perfectly
conducting planes for the field components.

14. (i) Explain about Bessel functions of first and (8) BTL 4 Analyzing
Second kind and state its properties.

(ii) Calculate the resonant frequency of an

air filled rectangular resonator of dimensions
a=2cm, b=4cm and d=6cm operating in TE101 (5)
Mode.
PART C
1. (i) A hollow rectangular waveguide is to be used (8) BTL 6 Creating
to transmit signals at a carrier frequency of
6GHz. Choose its dimensions so that the cut
off frequency of the dominant TE mode is
lower than the carier by 25 % and that of the
next mode is atleast 25 % higher than the carrier.

Evaluate the ratio of the area of a circular (7)

(ii) waveguide to that of a rectangular one if both
are to have the same cut off frequency for
dominant mode. .
2. (i) A cubical cavity resonator made of copper σ = (8) BTL 5 Evaluating
5.8 x 107 mho / m is to be operated at 15GHz.
Find the dimensions of the cavity , its quality
factor and the bandwidth if it is operated in the
dominant mode.

A circular air filled copper cavity is excited in

(ii) the TM010 mode. The cavity has a length of 6 (7)
cam and radius 4 cm with a bandwidth
of 3MHz. Find the resonant frequency and
quality factor
3. Determine the cut off frequencies of the first two (15) BTL 5 Evaluating
propagating modes of a circular waveguide with
a=0.5cm and εr = 2.25 the guide is 50cm in length
operating at f = 13GHz. Determine the
attenuation.
4. (i) A TE wave propagating in a dielectric filled (15) BTL 6 Creating
waveguide of unknown permittivity has
dimensions a=5 cm and b = 3cm. If the x –
components of the electric field is given by
Ex=36cos(40πx)sin(100πy)sin(2.4π×1010t−52.9π
z (V/m).impedance is maximum and minimum at
a distance ‘S’.