Proposed Minanga Sur Flood Control | 1

PROPOSED MINANGA SUR FLOOD CONTROL

_________________________________

A Study
Presented to the
Graduate School Department
University of Saint Louis
Tuguegarao City

_________________________________

In partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the Degree
Masters of Engineering
Major in Civil Engineering

Submitted by:

SHAMERE A. TAJAS
MYLENE S. CAGURANGAN
JASPER U. QUINES

Submitted To:

ENGR. CAROL A. TUMANENG

MAY 2019
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction 3

II. Location Map 5

III. Objectives 6

IV. Statement of the Problem 6

V. Theoretical framework 7

VI. Findings 8

VII. Recommendations 10

VIII. Conclusion 11

IX. Annexes 12

a) Pictures

b) Hydrological Data

c) Indicative Program

d) Construction Schedule and S Curve

e) Bar Chart

f) Manpower Utilization

g) Equipment Utilization

h) Plans

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I. INTRODUCTION

Floods are one of the natural calamities that Philippines faces almost every year in

varying degree of magnitude. The frequent occurrence of floods can be attributed to various

factors, including wide variation in rainfall over time and space and inadequate carrying

capacity of rivers. The problems get accentuated due to silting, bank erosion, landslides, poor

natural drainage, glacial lake outburst, etc. Indiscriminate development and encroachment of

flood plain areas, improper planning & construction of roads, railway lines, drainages, etc.

have also been responsible for increase in flood damages.

Flood control refers to all methods used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects

of flood waters. While Flood relief refers to methods used to reduce the effects of flood

waters or high water levels. Some methods of flood control have been practiced since

ancient times. These methods include planting vegetation to retain extra water, terracing

hillsides to slow flow downhill, and the construction of floodways (man-made channels to

divert floodwater). Other techniques include the construction of levees, lakes, dams,

reservoirs, retention ponds to hold extra water during times of flooding.

Iguig, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. It is also a

landlocked municipality in the coastal province of Cagayan. The municipality has a land area

of 108.10 square kilometers or 41.74 square miles which constitutes 1.16% of Cagayan's

total area. The municipal center of Iguig is situated at approximately 17° 45' North,

121° 44' East, in the island of Luzon. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at

26.5 meters or 86.8 feet above mean sea level. Its population as determined by the 2015

Census was 27,862. This represented 2.32% of the total population of Cagayan province, or

0.81% of the overall population of the Cagayan Valley Region. Based on these figures, the

population density is computed at 258 inhabitants per square kilometer or 668 inhabitants

per square mile. Iguig is politically subdivided into 23 barangays, among them is the

Barangay of Minanga Sur.

Minanga Sur is a barangay in the municipality of Iguig which is adjacent to the

Cagayan River. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 1,162. This

represented 4.17% of the total population of Iguig. According to the 2015 Census, the age

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group with the highest population in Minanga Sur is 25 to 29, with 136 individuals.

Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 12 individuals.The

population of Minanga Sur grew from 790 in 1990 to 1,162 in 2015, an increase of 372

people. The latest census figures in 2015 denote a positive growth rate of 3.85%, or an

increase of 209 people, from the previous population of 953 in 2010. It is situated at

approximately 17.7643, 121.7313, in the island of Luzon. Elevation at these coordinates is

estimated at 20.0 meters or 65.6 feet above mean sea level which makes it vulnerable to

flooding when the level of the Cagayan river water rises. During rainy season, the volume of

the river increases rapidly along with its velocity. Due to inadequate capacity of the river, the

impact of the collisions of soil and water causes the river banks of Minanga Sur to erode.

Residents nearby and the corn fields along the area are much affected with the scenario

during rainy season. To prevent such scenario, the implementation of flood control projects

in the area is justified to be its solution. Flood control is use to absorb energy of incoming

water, to prevent soil erosion, to protect and increase the soil resistance and to improve the

stability of soil.

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II. LOCATION MAP

Project Title: Proposed Minanga Sur Flood Control

Location: Minanga Sur, Iguig Cagayan
Net Length: 190 ln.m.
Project Cost: 66,813,634.91
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III. OBJECTIVES

This study aims:

1. To permanently give solution in protecting the erosions along the Cagayan River.

2. To prevent flooding during heavy downpour.

3. To lessen the damages incurred by perennial flooding.

4. To safeguard the lives of the people who live nearby.

5. To improve the living condition of the people.

6. To reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters.

7. To protect agricultural land of the residents nearby from erosions.

IV. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Frequent flood inundation has been a main constraint in the promotion of sustainable

socio-economic development and improvement of the living condition of the people in the

Cagayan River basin. And due to the topographical location of the proposed project which is

at the Cagayan River, Minanga Sur Flood Control is highly tagged as a priority for flood

control system considering its vulnerability to soil erosions especially during heavy

downpour and onslaught of natural calamities within the province. As a matter of fact,

residents nearby who owns the land near the river has manifested how their properties were

being eroded and caused great loss of life when water level in the river increases.
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V. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

SITE
SITUATION

FLOOD RISK

HAZARD VULNERABILITY
 SOIL  URBAN
 SLOPE STRUCTURE
 DRAINAGE  POPULATION
DENSITY DENSITY
 DRAINAGE
SYSTEM

PUBLIC CONSULTATION

PLANNING AND
DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION/
IMPLEMENTATION

MONITORING

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VI. FINDINGS

Positive Impacts of the Proposed Project

The project is in line with the Medium-Term Development Program and the Regional

Development Investment Program. It is consistent with the development plans of the

city, municipal and provincial governments. Its completion will help the local government

realize its vision to be a disaster-resilient citizenry.

The proposed dike and revetment works are meant to address the identified hydraulic

problems that cause flooding in the inland communities: bank overtopping, riverbank

erosion, and sedimentation. Thus, after completion, the project is expected to improve

the flood flow-carrying capacity of the river, help reduce flood occurrences and flood

levels, and protect the inland communities from the devastating effects of floods.

Completion of the project will result in economic benefits from reduction in non-work days

when there is flooding, reduction in turn-around time of vehicles, avoidance of closure of

flooded roadways, reduction in damage to properties, cost of clean ups, reduction in loss

of income from agriculture and closure of businesses during floods, and savings from

avoided cost of medication that will otherwise be spent to treat diseases and health

impacts of floods. Indirectly, the project will uplift the living conditions of residents. In the

long term, the project is expected to contribute to: improvement in slope stability of river

banks, shorelines and stream channel; abatement of soil erosion; contribute to

improvement in aesthetics, and help improve biodiversity near the river mouth.

Potentially Significant Negative Impacts and Proposed Mitigating Measures

During the Construction Stage

otential negative impacts of activities during the construction stage include:

(a) Pollution attributable to massive clearing and grubbing, earthworks, excavation and

finishing works; (b) Increased soil erosion and effect on slope stability; and (c) occupational

and public safety. On the other hand, the vulnerability of the project sites to natural

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calamities exposes the projects to possible delays and risk of being washed out or

destroyed while still under construction.

(1) Pollution attributable to clearing, grubbing and earthworks

Pollutants that may be brought about by construction works include dust and particulate

matter, solid waste and debris from clearing, grubbing, desilting, excavation, and other

earthworks. These potential impacts could be mitigated with proper construction planning

and construction methods. Measures to prevent dust may include: (1) provision of cover on

trucks during transport of materials, (2) prohibition on the use of equipment that do not

meet emission standards, (3) provision of dust control for cement silos or around batching

plants particularly if installed near residential areas, and (4) maintenance of work sites to

prevent dust from circulating especially during dry periods.

Contractors should be required to have a Worksite Environment Management

Plan that would include, among others, the solid waste management plan indicating the:

(1) methods of segregation of the different types of solid wastes produced, (2) proposed

method of management of recyclable wastes; (3) proposed method of disposal of residual

wastes, and (4) approved disposal area for excavation spoils and excess cement. The

Contractor should be required to maintain cleanliness around the work sites during the

entire construction period and must be compelled to clean out the work sites before

demobilization.

(2) Increased Soil Erosion and Effect on Stability of Slope

Soil erosion and stability of slope are among the negative impacts of many construction

activities involving excavation or soil movement. Considering that the facilities will be

constructed mostly near the riverbanks, it is imperative that slope stabilization and soil

erosion control be given utmost consideration in choosing construction methods. Proper

construction planning, proper construction techniques and attentive supervision of

construction could prevent soil erosion. Excavation works for dikes, drainage pipes and

similar structures should also be studied thoroughly and planned to avoid soil erosion and

disturbance of slopes.

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(3) Occupational Safety and Public Safety

Accident is the worst thing that could happen during construction. Accidents can affect the

workers as well as to the public. Usual causes are ditches and manholes that are left

uncovered at night or during rainy days; toppling of equipment during construction,

collapse of excavation walls; landslides; electrocution; and natural disasters. The risks are

particularly high in these project areas due to the high probability of natural hazards, which

could dismantle structures that are still under construction. Accidents can be prevented

through strict implementation of safe work methods, procedures and other preventive

measures.

It is advisable to require the Contractor to have a Safety and Health Program prior to

construction, which should be approved by the DOLE. The program should include

preparedness and response plans during emergencies, permit systems for hazardous

activities, job hazard analysis and safe work methods in conformity with applicable

provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) and the DOLE

Department Order No. 13.

During the Operation Stage

Impacts that may arise during the operation stage could be due to structural failure

resulting from technical oversights.

VII. RECOMMENDATIONS

Follow-on Environmental Studies

Depending on the implementation schedule and prioritization scheme that will be

selected, ECC may be secured in time for project implementation, i.e., during the detailed

design stage so that any changes in the project implementation concept can still be

incorporated in the environmental assessment. Project Description reports may be prepared

per river basin or per project package depending on the implementation plan.

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It is suggested that the applicability and appropriateness of bio-engineering solutions, e.g.,

the use of vetiver grass, coco mats, geotextile, fascine, etc. be studied in more detail during

the detailed design stage. While stakeholder consultations or scoping is not necessary for

projects where the documentary requirements for ECC applications is the PD, it is

suggested to hold courtesy meeting with local stakeholders before the start of construction

to explain the scope of work and planned approach and methodology. This will help foster

social acceptability and support particularly from the LGU.

Inclusion of a Safety and Health Program in the Implementation Plan

It is recommended to require the contractors that will bid for the project to include a

safety and health program implementation plan in their bid. The safety and health program

should be submitted to the DOLE for approval prior to construction. It is recommended to

include this requirement in the Bill of Quantities as pay item so that implementation can be

strictly monitored to ensure compliance. This will ensure that the contractor will institute

measures to avoid all possible risks and work place hazards during the construction.

Environmental Management Plan

The Contractor must be required also to prepare their Worksite Environmental

Management Plan and to strictly adhere to such plan. The plan should incorporate the

method of compliance to recommendations in the EMP of the PD as well as the conditions

of the ECC. It is recommended that monitoring of compliance be included in the scope of

construction-supervision.

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VIII. CONCLUSION

There are evident connections between the risk people face and the reasons for their

vulnerability to hazards. The risk faced by people must be considered as a complex

combination of vulnerability and hazard. The crucial point about understanding why

disasters occur is that it is not only natural events that cause them, but the product of the

political and socioeconomic environment. It is important to realize such aspects of the social

environment that make the people live in adverse economic situations and why they are

obliged to inhabit the disaster-prone areas.

Disasters have caused very serious effects on the contemporary development of the

area, damages to not only life and property of the people but also their livelihood. When

disaster strikes, it deprives an area of many of its current vital resources.

It is essential to recognize the cause and effect relationship between disasters and

social and economic development, and incorporate mitigation into specific development

projects and programs. In other word, a successful strategy will incorporate preventive risk-

reduction measures into normal practices.

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IX. ANNEXES

a. PICTURES

Start of Project (STA. 0+(-)143.60)

Latitude: 17°45'44.21"N, Longitude: 121°43'35.86"E

End Of Project (STA. 0+(-)333.60)

Latitude: 17°45'39.45"N, Longitude: 121°43'40.24"E

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HYDRAULIC DESIGN DATA

Specific Discharge Method

The discharge is an approximate method for the estimation of flows, and is typically used to

validate flows from the hydrological analysis technique, rather than for the estimation of

flows in its own right. Given the approximate nature, it should be used with caution for

infrastructure design. It is typically applicable for river basins rather than urban drainage

applications. This method is based on the approach presented in FCSEC (2010).

The specific discharge is the flood peak discharge per unit catchment area (refer to the

equation 3-7). Generally, the specific discharge for small rivers is comparatively larger than

that of the bigger rivers. The specific discharge curve explains this (refer to Figure 3.4

Specific Discharge Curve, where the specific discharge is the ordinate and the size of the

catchment area as the abscissa). From this curve, design discharge is roughly calculated

even without any runoff analysis. The reliability of the design discharge estimated by runoff

methods can be easily assessed by comparing it with specific discharge method.

The method is best suited to rural catchments, or catchments with a lower proportion of

urbanization.

Equation 3-7: Q= Aq where: q= specific discharge (m3/s/km2)

Q= design discharge (m3/s)

A= catchment area (km2)

Table 3-5 indicates constants of the Creager type specific curve for the following equation.

Equation 3-8:

q= CA (A-0.048-1)

where:

c= constant 3-5(Table 3-5)

A= catchment area (km2)

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Table 3-5 Constant ( c ) for Regional Specific Discharge Curve

Region Return Period

2-year 5-year 10-year 25-year 50-year 100-year

Luzon 15.66 17.48 18.91 21.51 23.83 25.37

Visayas 6.12 7.77 9.36 11.81 14.52 17.47

Mindanao 8.02 9.15 10.06 11.60 12.80 14.00

Using the specific discharge curve or equation, design discharge or probable discharge is

obtained as follows.

a. Determine the catchment area (A).

b. Determine the return period or safety level.

c. From the specific discharge curve, find the region where the project is located, the

return period and the catchment area in Figure 3-4.

d. Another way is to compute specific discharge (q) from the equation, using catchment

(A) and constant (c) from Table 3-5 with corresponding regions and return periods.

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Discharge computation:

In our discharge computation, we had chosen option (d) as our method in computing

our design discharge or probable discharge.

We adopted the recent soil test study and surveyed data of the Cagayan Third District

Engineering Office in designing our structure. Based on their data, the Cagayan River has

the following characteristics:

Design flood level = 180.541 m

Ordinary flood level = 175 m

Depth of scour = 3.5 m

Computation of discharge considering 5-year design period

Catchment Area (A) = 1,681.90 km2

Constant (c)= 17.48

q=CA (A-0.048-1) Q= Aq

=17.48(1681.9) (1681.9-0.048-1) = 1,681.9 (1.884)

q= 1.884 m3/s/km2 Q= 3, 168.70 m3/s

DESIGN DISCHARGE, Q (50-YEAR) RETURN PERIOD=11,129.70 mᶟ/sec.

DESIGN VELOCITY, V=1.10 m/sec.

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