What is First Aid?

Is an immediate
care given to a person
who have been injured or
suddenly ill.
 Objectives of the First Aid:

• To alleviate pain and

suffering.

• To prevent added
injury.

• To prolong life and save

limbs.
Characteristics of a Good First Aider

G-entle
G-ood judgement
O-bservant
R-esourceful
T-actful
E-mphatetic
C-heerful
C-ommon Sense
 Emergency Action Principles
1. Scene Survey
• Checking if the scene is safe.

2. Activate Medical Assistance and Transfer

• Calling for Emergency Medical Assistance.
• Relay information

3. Primary Survey
• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation
• Temperature
 Classification of Wound:
• Closed Soft Tissue Injury
(Closed Wound)

• Open Soft Tissue Injury (Open

Wound)
Kinds of Open Wound:
KINDS CAUSES CHARACTERISTICS
1. Abrasion Scraping or rubbing Shallow, wide,
against rough oozing of blood,
surfaces. dirty

2. Puncture Penetrationg Deep and narrow,

pointed serious or slight
instruments such as bleeding
nails and ice picks.
 KINDS CAUSES CHARACTERISTICS
3. Incision Sharp bladed Clean cut, deep,
instruments like severe bleeding,
knives or razors etc. wound is clean

4. Laceration Blunt instruments Torn with irregular

such as rocks, edges, serious or
broken glasses etc. slight bleeding.

5. Avulsion Explosion, animal Tissue forcefully

bite, mishandling of separated from the
tools body.
 Triangular Bandage

END BASE END

POINT
1.Cravat-one fold

2. Cravat-two fold

3. Cravat-three fold
 Application of Bandages
1. Should be snugly fit, not too tight and not too loose.
2. Always ends with square knot.
3. Should be neat proper and correct.
4. Check tightness periodically due to possible swelling.

Uses of Triangular Bandage

1. To hold dressing in place.
2. To immobilize or support body parts.
Different Kinds of Bandaging Techniques

OPEN PHASE

1. Head Topside (for wound on

top of the head)
Different Kinds of Bandaging Techniques

OPEN PHASE

2. Foot Bandage (for burned foot)

Different Kinds of Bandaging Techniques

OPEN PHASE

3. Arm Sling (for fractured arm)

Different Kinds of Bandaging Techniques

CRAVAT PHASE (one fold)

1. Forehead or Eye (for wound on the eye or forehead)

Different Kinds of Bandaging Techniques

CRAVAT PHASE (one fold)

2. Ear, Cheek or Jaw

Different Kinds of Bandaging Techniques

CRAVAT PHASE (one fold)

3. Knee Bandage
Different Kinds of Bandaging Techniques

CRAVAT PHASE (one fold)

4. Open Palm Pressure

 Emergency Rescue and Transfer
Emergency Rescue is a procedure of moving a victim from an
unsafe place to a safe place.

Transfer is a procedure of moving a victim to a safe place.

Method of transfer depend on the following:

1. Nature and severity of injury.
2. Size of the victim.
3. Physical Capabilities of the first aider.
4. Number of personnel and equipment available.
 Pointers to be Observe During Transfer

1. Victim is safely maintained in correct position.

2. Supporting bandages and dressing remain effectively
applied.
3. Method of transfer should be safe, comfortable and as
speedy as possible.
4. Victims body should be move as one unit.
5. Taller first aiders stay at the head side of the victim.
6. Must observed ergonomics in lifting and during transfer of the
victim.
 METHODS OF TRANSFER

One man assist

1. Assist to walk

2. Piggy Back
 METHODS OF TRANSFER

Two man assist

1. Four hand seat

2. Hand as a litter
 METHODS OF TRANSFER
Three man carries

1. Bearer’s along side

 METHODS OF TRANSFER
Four/six/eight man carries

1. Hammock carry
 Commands for two or more rescuers

1. Ready to kneel?..ready..kneel..
2. Show me your hands..lock..unlock..
3. Ready to insert hands?..ready..insert..
4. Ready to put victim on knees?..ready..lock..
5. Ready to lock?..ready..lock..
6. Ready to stand?..ready..stand..
7. Ready to walk with your inner
foot?..ready..walk..(in..out..in..out..stop)
8. Ready to put victims on knees?..ready..kneel..
9. Ready to unlock?..ready..unlock..
10. Ready to unload?..ready..unload..
THANK YOU!!!