6/10/97

MATH 152 { Section C.1

Homework 3 Sections 7.8, 7.9
SOLUTIONS

x7.8 #22. How large should be to guarantee that the Simpson's Rule approximation to
R1
n
x2
e dx
0
is accurate to within 0 00001?
:

Solution. We use the bound in the text

E
( , )5
j S j  4180 K b a
;
4 n
 
where the integration is over [ ] and 4 is such that  dxd44 x2   4. It is easy to see that = 0
a; b K e K a

and = 1. To nd 4 we could dierentiate x2 four times or we could look at Example 6 on page

b K e

265 of the text where it states that

4

dx4
d
e
x2
= (12 + 48 2 + 16 4) x x
x2
e :

It should be clear that both 12+48 2 +16 4 and x2 are positive increasing functions for all  0,
x x e x

so the product will be positive and increasing. Since 0   1, x

4
0 d

dx4
e
x2
 (12 + 48 + 16) 1 = 76 e e:

So we have the equation,

(1 , 0)5 = 19
j S j  76 180 e
E
4 45 4n n
:

Therefore, we guarantee j S j  0 00001 if

E :

E
1
j S j  4519 4  0 00001 = 100000 n
e
: :

Solving for , n

19  1 e

45 4 100000 n
19
100000  4e

45 n

4
 380000
9 n
e

r
380000
 4 9  18 4 n
e
:

Thus, must be at least 19, but since is even for Simpson's Rule,
n n n = 20 guarantees that
j S j  0 00001.
E :

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1
 6/10/97
Homework 3
x7.8 #32. The widths (in meters) of a kidney-shaped swimming pool were measured at 2-meter
intevals as indicated in the gure. Use Simpson's Rule to estimate the area of the pool.

5.6 5.0 4.8

6.8 4.8
7.2
6.2

Solution. The above is a slightly less than accurate representation of the picture under problem
32. We are, in essence looking at the function ( ), whereR ( ) is the width of the pool at ,
w x w x x

where runs from 0 to 16. Thus, we are really estimating 016 ( ) . What we do, to estimate
x w x dx

using Simpson's Rule is to let = 0 be the far left hand endpoint of the pool, = 2 be the part of
x x

the pool of width 6 2 and so on. Clearly
= 2. So, if ( ) is the width of the pool at we have
: x f x x

the following table:

x 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
f(x) 0 6.2 7.2 6.8 5.6 5.0 4.8 4.8 0
So, = 8 and we have the following:
n

( )  8 = 23 [ (0) + 4 (2) + 2 (4) + 4 (6) + 2 (8)

Z 16

w x dx S f f f f f
0
+4 (10) + 2 (12) + 4 (14) + (16)]
f f f f

2
= 3 [0 + 4
6 2 + 2
7 2 + 4
6 8 + 2
5 6 + 4
5 0 + 2
4 8 + 4
4 8 + 0]
: : : : : : :

= 23 [24 8 + 14 4 + 27 2 + 11 2 + 20 0 + 9 6 + 19 2]
: : : : : : :

= 23 126 4  84 27
: :

So, the surface area of the pool is approximately 84.27 square meters.

x7.9 #12. Determine whether the following integral is convergent or divergent. Evaluate it if it is
convergent. Z 1 2 ,x3
x e dx
,1

(OVER)

2
 6/10/97
Homework 3
Solution. We rst use the denition of improper integrals of Type 1 to determine
Z 1 2 ,x3 Z 1
2 ,x3 dx +
Z 0
2 ,x3 dx:
x e dx = x e x e
,1 0 ,1
We again use the denition to show that
Z 1 ,x3 dx
Z t
,x3 dx
x e
2
= tlim
!1
2
x e
0 0
,t3
, 13
Z  

= tlim
!1
e
u
du
0

= tlim , 1 Z ,t3 u
!1 3 0
e du;

by making the substitution = , 3 , which gives = ,3 2 . So,

u x du x dx

Z 1 ,x3 dx 1 Z ,t3

x
2
e = lim ,
t!1 3 0
u
e du
0

= , 13 tlim
!1 0
[ u ,t3
] e

, 13 tlim
h i
= ,t3 , e e
0
!1
= 1
, 3 [,1] = 13

The second integral is similar.

Z 0 Z 0
2
x e
,x3 dx = t!,1
lim 2 ,x3
x e dx
,1 t

= t!,1 1
lim , 3 3 u
Z 0

e du
,t
1
= , 3 t!,1
lim [ u ]0,t3 e

= , 13 t!,1
h i
lim 0 , ,t3 e e

= , 13 + 13 t!,1
lim ,t3 e

But, note that limt!,1

,t3 = +1. Thus, the integral 0 R
2 ,x3 dx is divergent, which means
R1
e
,1 x e
2 ,x3 is also divergent.
,1 x e dx

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3
 6/10/97
Homework 3
An important
A quick example is .x
note. 1
The integral ,1
R
f x( ) dx is NOT equal to limt!1 ,t t ( ) .
R
f x dx

Z t
lim
t!1
x dx =0 ;
,t
because is an odd function. But,
x

Z t 2
lim
t!1
x dx = tlim
!1 2
= +1 t
:
0

This means 01 1
is divergent, which means that ,1 is also divergent.
R R
x dx x dx

x7.9 #30. Determine whether the following integral is convergent or divergent. Evaluate it if it is
convergent.
p3 1, 9
Z 9
dx
1 x

Solution. This integral is of Type 2 and, by denition,

p3 1 = lim, p3 1
Z 9 Z t

1 x ,9 dx
t!9 1
Z t,9
,9 x
dx

= lim, p31 t!9

du;
,8 u

which comes from the substitution = , 9. Thus,

u x

Z t,9
p3 1
Z 9

= lim, ,1=3
1 ,x9
dx
t ! 9 ,8
u du

t,9

lim9, 23 2=3


= t! u
,8
3
lim9, 2 ( , 9)2=3 , 32 (,8)2=3
 

= t! t

= 23 t!
h i
lim9, ( , 9)2=3 , 4 t

= 32 t! lim9, ( , 9)2=3 , 6 = ,6 t :