CJ Research

Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Settings
Introduction
The environment can exert a strong influence on people's food decisions. In

order to facilitate students to make more healthy food choices and to develop
healthy eating habits, it is important that the school food environment is healthy.
Among private school students, the frequency of overweight continues to

grow, and many teenagers have an unhealthy food pattern containing too much
saturated fats, sugars, and a lack of dietary fiber since they are more capable and
privilege for such option of food (CBS. Leefstijl, 2011). The fact that children spend
many hours at school each day, including lunchtime, causes the school environment
to be an important out of home setting where children consume at least one main
meal a day (Van Rossum CTM, 2011).
Interestingly, the impact of the environment on people's food choices and

eating behavior is dependent on the way in which people make their food decisions.
Specifically, decision-making and choice behavior usually results from one of two
distinct cognitive processes: reflective or impulsive processes (Kahneman, 2003).
When decision-making is powered by the reflective system, people think carefully
and rationally, and they usually act upon their intentions. On the other hand, when
people operate through the impulsive system, they act more automatically and
spontaneously and are usually led by impulses (Stanovich KE and West RF, 2000).
A recent study indicates that most students do not consider their eating
patterns important and making healthy food choices is not a top-of-mind issue for
them (Tacken, 2010). Also, meals and foods are consumed during breaks, which are
for most students’ social events in which they communicate and hang out with each
other. These two facts imply that students, when they are at school deciding what to
eat for lunch, will most probably not be motivated enough or too distracted to
engage in deliberate decision making about their eating behavior. Therefore, it is
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very likely that most students' choices about what to eat are largely based on
decision making through the impulsive system. As a result, environmental cues,
such as the mere presence of unhealthy food items, portion and packaging sizes, and
tempting smells or displays of unhealthy food, will most probably have an impact on
students' eating behavior. In line with this, students themselves also indicate that
they are influenced by the presence of unhealthy food in the school cafeteria (IPM
KidWise, 2009).
At the same time, school canteens offer great potential to improve students'
eating behavior. When taken into consideration that most students tend to engage in
impulsive decision making, when it comes to their food, this implies that
environmental cues can also “nudge” them in the direction of more healthy choices.
Another reason why targeting students offers great potential to improve

healthy eating habits is that eating habits that are formed early in life may persist
into adulthood and that, once an unhealthy habit has been established it is difficult
to change. Therefore, promoting and establishing healthy habits in young people is
probably more effective and fruitful than trying to change unhealthy habits later in
life. In addition, schools are increasingly indicated as key settings for interventions
related to healthy eating. Health promotion in schools is worth the effort, because it
can contribute to healthier behavior in pupils, higher academic achievements, and a
reduction in school drop-out levels (Bos V, 2010)
Given the influence the environment can exert on students' food choices, it is
crucial to create a healthy food environment in schools that facilitates students to
choose healthy food products. In this way, students are enabled to develop healthy
eating habits from which they can benefit the rest of their lives. It is therefore
important to introduce them a program that they may follow as pattern to achieve
healthy eating habits. This intervention entails a multicomponent strategy involving
all parties: students, teachers, parents, school boards, canteen employees,
Community Health Services, and caterers.
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As health promoting interventions are more effective when they are
structurally implemented in schools and the set-up is comprehensive, a program not
only motivates schools to change the offerings in the school canteen but also
encourages them to embed knowledge of healthy nutrition in the curriculum and to
develop healthy school food policies.
Statement of the problem
The researcher attempts to identify the importance of selling nutritional

foods in the canteen for the students of Bethany Christian School.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents?
2. Is there any importance of selling nutritional foods in the canteen for the students
of Bethany Christian School.
3. How the school address the health-related issues?
Significance of the Study
The researcher attempts to identify the importance of selling nutritional

foods in the canteen for the students of Bethany Christian School.
The following will benefit from this study.
Students – since they are the primary target costumers of the food caterer, they will
stablish healthy eating pattern that they may follow for the rest of their life.
Teachers – they can reinforce the school program and incorporate it to the school
curriculum.
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Parents – they have a natural influence over their children in choosing what kind of
food to eat. They are also the manager at home and in control of the food they serve
for their children.
School boards – they are big support to the program in providing appealing food
facilities for the students.
Canteen employees – they will know the best food to b serve for the students and
prepare it to encourage the students to eat.
Community Health Services – they will assess the health development of the
students and provide reports in general on school-based health program.
Caterers – they will engage in the program by providing healthy food as needed by
the students.
Scope and Delimitation
This research is all about the Importance of Selling Nutritional Foods in the
Canteen for the Students of Bethany Christian School A.Y. 2018-2019. This study
took place in Bethany Christian School of Tarlac, Inc. located at Doǹa Ysidra
Cojuanco Street, Poblacion Sur, Paniqui, Tarlac during the whole semester of the
school year 2018-2019.
It only answers the importance of selling nutritional food in the canteen of
BCS.
The research chose 100 combination of respondents coming from grade 7 to
grade 12 for S.Y. 2018-2019 out of 328 students. The respondents was used
exploratory cross-sectional survey to obtain information from students through
survey questionnaires. Data is presented in tabular form with narrative analysis
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Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter contains the related literature and studies coming from
different sources like websites, other studies and articles. This may help the
researcher enhance his knowledge about his study “The importance of selling
nutritional foods in the canteen for the students of Bethany Christian School.”
Foreign Literature
A related litetarure presented by Fréderike Mensink et al, 2010 entitled “The
Healthy School Canteen Programme: A Promising Intervention to Make the School
Food Environment Healthier” stated that in 2010, a descriptive study among users
of the programme was carried out by an independent research agency to survey the
perceptions, experiences, and opinions of school directors, parents, students, and
health professionals with the programme. This study was undertaken to gain more
insight on perceptions of users of the programme and to define factors that could
help to improve the programme. In this descriptive study, the following issues were
addressed: (1) perceptions of the school's cafeteria offerings, (2) the way in which
the school's cafeteria was managed, (3) the role of the Municipal Health Service, (4)
continuation of the programme, (5) additional value of the Stimulation Award
competition, (6) parents' involvement in the cafeteria's offering, and (7) possible
factors that stimulate nonparticipating schools to enroll in the programme. (The
Canteen Brigade has been active since the end of 2009 and, for this reason, was not
part of the research study. Schools for vocational training started participating in
the programme from 2011 and, for this reason not part of the research study.). In
the remainder of this paper, he elaborated on this research and present and discuss
the most important results.
He concluded the environment can exert a strong influence on people's food

decisions. In order to facilitate students to make more healthy food choices and to
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develop healthy eating habits, it is therefore important that the school food
environment is healthy. The Healthy School Canteen programme is an intervention
that helps schools to make their cafeteria's offering healthier. The present study
shows that this intervention is promising, as directors and students of participating
schools perceive their cafeteria's offering to be healthier after implementing the
programme than prior to implementation, and participating schools perceive their
cafeteria's offering to be healthier than nonparticipating schools.
It will be a challenge to motivate schools to enroll in the programme in order

to achieve the goal of all school cafeterias in The Netherlands being healthy by 2015.
While it is promising that one-third of schools are (or have been) participating in the
programme, still two-thirds of schools have not participated yet. And as a lower
percentage of secondary schools consider themselves to be coresponsible for the
prevention of overweight among their students, it may be necessary and fruitful to
explore other ways to attain this goal. Possibly, we could take France and Spain as
an example and use legislation to create healthy school cafeterias in every school in
The Netherlands.
With the present obesity epidemic and the number of young people in The
Netherlands being overweight continuing to grow, any measures that may help in
facilitating healthy food choices deserve to be put into consideration. In light of the
Dutch government's preference for stimulating individuals to make their own health
decisions, interventions that are aimed at creating a healthier environment that
enables and facilitates people to make healthy decisions are a particularly fruitful
venue to be further explored.
Local Literature
Another local study presented to the WHO year 2005, oral health is
fundamental to general health and well-being. A healthy mouth enables an
individual to speak, eat and socialize without experiencing active disease,
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discomfort or embarrassment. Children who suffer from poor oral health are 12
times more likely to have restricted-activity days than those who do not.(1) More
than 50 million school hours are lost annually because of oral health problems
which affect children's performance at school and success in later life. (2)
Schools provide an effective platform for promoting oral health because they
reach over 1 billion children worldwide. The health and well-being of school staff,
families and community members can also be enhanced by programmes based in
schools.(3) Oral health messages can be reinforced throughout the school years,
which are the most influential stages of children's lives, and during which lifelong
beliefs, attitudes and skills are developed. This article examines the potential for
promoting oral health through schools, based on the WHO Health-Promoting School
(HPS) framework.
Schools provide an important setting for promoting health, as they reach

over 1 billion children worldwide and, through them, the school staff, families and
the community as a whole. Health promotion messages can be reinforced
throughout the most influential stages of children's lives, enabling them to develop
lifelong sustainable attitudes and skills. Poor oral health can have a detrimental
effect on children's quality of life, their performance at school and their success in
later life. This paper examines the global need for promoting oral health through
schools. The WHO Global School Health Initiative and the potential for setting up
oral health programmes in schools using the health-promoting school framework
are discussed. The challenges faced in promoting oral health in schools in both
developed and developing countries are highlighted. The importance of using a
validated framework and appropriate methodologies for the evaluation of school
oral health projects is emphasized.
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Foreign Studies
A study presented by Verity Cleland, et al in their research entitled “What are

grade 5 and 6 children buying from school canteens and what do parents and
teachers think about it?” stated that he foods sold in school canteens have a
significant role to play in ensuring children consume a healthy balance of nutritious
foods. However, no research to date has described the foods that Australian children
are purchasing at school canteens, or the perceptions held about school canteens by
students, teachers and parents.
An exploratory cross-sectional survey was used to obtain information from

students, parents and teachers through self-completion questionnaires. There were
384 children aged nine to 12 years, 404 parents and 41 teachers involved. The study
was conducted in 12 primary schools in Victoria, Australia.
The main outcome measures types of foods purchased at school canteens,

school canteen usage, parents' and teachers' perceptions of the role of the school
and canteen in influencing children's eating habits.
Results presented more than 50% of the children surveyed used the school
canteen at least once per week. Children identified preference for unhealthy
alternatives and availability as key barriers to choosing healthy foods at the canteen
and suggested increased availability, advertisements and cost reductions as aids to
purchasing healthy foods. Teachers placed more importance on the role of the
canteen than parents did.
In conclusion, these Victorian primary school children and their teachers,

and to a lesser extent parents, had a clear understanding of healthy foods. Children
and teachers identified barriers that prevent school canteens from providing
healthy foods. There is likely to be strong support from these stakeholders for novel
health promoting policies.
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Another research presented by Mary-Ann Carter and Boyd Swinburn entitled
Measuring the ‘obesogenic’ food environment in New Zealand primary schools
discussed that childhood obesity is an increasing health problem in New Zealand
and many other countries. Information is needed to guide interventions that reduce
the ‘obesogenic’ (obesity-promoting) elements of school environments. The aim of
this study was to identify and measure the obesogenic elements of the school
environment and the canteen sales of energy-dense foods and drinks. A self-
completion questionnaire was developed for assessing each school's nutrition
environment and mailed to a stratified random sample of New Zealand schools.
The responses from primary schools (n = 200, response rate 61%) were
analyzed. Only 15.5% of schools had purpose-built canteen facilities and over half
ran a food service for profit (31% profit to the school, 24.5% profit for the
contractors). Only 16.5% of schools had a food policy, although 91% of those rated
the policy as effective or very effective. The most commonly available foods for sale
were pies (79%), juice (57%) and sausage rolls (54.5%). Filled rolls were the most
expensive item (mean $1.79) and fruit the least expensive (mean $0.47). The ratio of
‘less healthy’ to ‘more healthy’ main choices was 5.6:1, for snacks it was 9.3:1 and
for drinks it was 1.4:1. In contrast, ∼60% of respondents said that nutrition was a
priority for the school. Only 50% felt there was management support for healthy
food choices and only 39% agreed that mainly nutritious food was offered by the
food service. ‘Less healthy’ choices dominated food sales by more than 2:1, with pies
being the top selling item (>55 000 per week).
They found that the food environment was not conducive to healthy food
choices for the children at New Zealand schools and that this was reflected in the
high sales of relatively unhealthy foods from the school food services. Programs that
improve school food through policies, availability, prices and school ethos are
urgently needed.
In summary, the food environment in New Zealand primary schools appears
to be quite ‘obesogenic’. Increased efforts to improve the school food environment
are urgently needed and these should be broad based, incorporating all the
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elements of the school food environment including policies, canteen facilities and
school community support. This study has shown the value of surveys of the school
food environment, but further research is also needed to improve the validity and
robustness of the measures used in such surveys.
Local Studies
A research study presented by Azanza, et al (200),entitled “Food safety

knowledge and practices of streetfood vendors in a Philippines university campus” a
survey on food safety knowledge and practices of streetfood vendors from a
representative urban university campus in Quezon City, Philippines was done. A
face-to-face interview was conducted using a standardized survey tool containing
70 questions, which included queries on demographics and food safety knowledge
and practices of streetfood vendors.
Topics on food safety assessment in both practices and knowledge included:

health and personal hygiene, good manufacturing procedures, food contamination,
waste management, and food legislation. The study found that among the 54
streetfood vendors surveyed, knowledge on food safety concepts was established
particularly on topics that dealt with health and personal hygiene, food
contamination and good manufacturing procedures. However, vendors were shown
to be not too knowledgeable in terms of food legislation and waste management. A
significant gap between knowledge and practice on these topics was established and
it was primarily attributed to the tendencies of street food vendors to compromise
food safety for financial issues. Confusion in food legislation was established in this
test microcosm because the purveyor of food safety regulations was not the local
government health unit but the business concession office of the campus
administration.
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The provision of continuous food safety education, some financial assistance
through social services affiliations, and basic water and waste management utilities
were recommended to diminish the gap between knowledge and practices of safe
streetfood vending in school campuses.
According to Azanza (2009), a consumer survey was conducted in a

university fastfood mall to determine the food consumption and buying patterns of
Philippine university students. The survey established that a typical fastfood
consumer in the test university foodmall is female between 16 and 22 years old,
with a purchasing capability of ≤ US$1.79 for a complete meal, and who generally
frequents the mall only once a day during weekdays. Wholesomeness, affordability
and variety of the foods were the general basis for satisfaction of the typical student
consumer.
Another study was conducted by Deshpande et al., 2009, poor eating habits
are an important public health issue that has large health and economic
implications. Many food preferences are established early, but because people make
more and more independent eating decisions as they move through adolescence, the
transition to independent living during the university days is an important event. To
study the phenomenon of food selection, the heath belief model was applied to
predict the likelihood of healthy eating among university students. Structural
equation modeling was used to investigate the validity of the health belief model
(HBM) among 194 students, followed by gender-based analyses. The data strongly
supported the HBM. Social change campaign implications are discussed.
Deshpande and his teammates study demonstrate potential mechanisms by

which these gender differences occur. In a study conducted among the general
population, Kristal et al, (2001) argue that efforts need to target men. Since male
students reported a lower intention to consume a healthy diet than did females,
Deshpande’s research supports this contention. In addition, the influence of gender,
dietary status, importance of a healthy diet, food features, and cues to action on the
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intention to eat healthy in our study was similar to their study. Despite similarities
with earlier research this study found no significant effects of the food features such
as price, taste, ease of preparation, and convenience on barriers, efficacy, and thus
the likelihood to eat a healthy diet.
The purpose of this study is to identify the importance of selling nutritional

foods in the canteen for the students of Bethany Christian School, to know the
quality of food, and how the school address healthy school canteen program.
Hypotheses
H1. There is high importance of selling nutritional food in the canteen.
H2. There is no significant effect of food quality in terms of gender and grade level.
H3. There is significant effect of healthy school canteen program to the students.
Conceptual Framework
Input
Process
Output
What is the profile of An exploratory cross- There is no
the respondents? sectional survey was significant effect of
used to obtain the variety of food
information from among gender
What is the students through relations.
importance of selling survey Eating pattern has
nutritional foods in questionnaires. significant effect
the canteen for the during and even later
students of Bethany in life of students.
Christian School? Tallied the data using
tabular form to School play signicant
How the school role in influencing
address the health- obtain further result.
healthy eating
related issues? pattern of its
stakeholders.
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Chapter 3
METHOD OF THE STUDY AND SOURCES OF DATA
Research Design
The researcher will be using an exploratory cross-sectional survey to obtain

information from students through survey questionnaires.
A cross-sectional study is an observational study that involves the analysis of

data collected from a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in
time. A cross-sectional study measures both the exposure and the outcome of
interest at the same point in time.
Population and Sampling
The primary aims of this study is to present the importance of selling

nutritional foods in the canteen for all the students of Bethany Christian School, to
propose a health plan that may follow by the school, and to strengthen its healthy
eating program for students. For these reasons, the researcher purposely chose the
respondents from Bethany Christian School.
After identifying the 100 respondents through purposive sampling, the

researcher made analysis to the profile of the respondents to establish their
credibility and qualification related to this study.
Setting of the Study
This study was conducted to the Junior and Senior high school students of
Bethany Christian School of Tarlac, Inc during the academic year 2018-2019.
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Research Instrument
The researcher used non-experimental research design. The used of survey is

suitable to the purpose of this study. It has 4 questions with combination of Likert and
multiple-choice items.
The following items are the contents of questionnaire used for the survey.
Name___________________ (Optional) Gender______ Grade Level__________
Primary Questions
1. How was the ratio healthy/unhealthy food in the school canteen before start of this
school year?
___1 = entirely unhealthy products
___2 = almost entirely unhealthy products
___3 = balance healthy and unhealthy products
___4 = almost entirely healthy products).
___5 = entirely healthy products
2. How is the ratio healthy/unhealthy food in the school cafeteria at this moment?
___1 = entirely unhealthy products
___2 = almost entirely unhealthy products
___3 = balance healthy and unhealthy products
___4 = almost entirely healthy products).
___5 = entirely healthy products
3. The school needs to provide Healthy School Canteen program.
___1 = Absolutely disagree ___2 = Quiet disagree ___3 = Maybe
___4 = Quiet agree ___5 = Absolutely agree
4. Which continuation activities did your school carry out?
___ structural change in canteen offerings
___ development of a school food policy
___ annual change of food providers/caterers

Source: Fréderike Mensink: ln.murtnecsgnideov@knisnem Academic Editor: Stef P. J. Kremers
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368483/#B13
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Data Gathering Procedure
In order to assure the completion of this study, the researcher underwent the
following steps; first, the researcher formulate a questionnaire for the respondents.
Second, the questionnaires were distributed to the chosen respondents then collect
them right away. The data then transcode into narrative report and tabulate
numerical data for further analysis. Next, the researcher identified major points as
key ideas in connection to the topic. Lastly the researcher evaluated the key ideas as
basis in formulating conclusions.
Statistical Instrument
The researcher used exploratory cross-sectional survey to obtain

information from students through survey questionnaires.
To bring out the numerical data, the researcher used ANOVA Single factor
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
Column 1 3 9.9 3.3 0.57
Column 2 3 9.6 3.2 0.27
Column 3 3 9 3 0.07
Column 4 3 9.6 3.2 0.48
Column 5 3 7.7 2.566667 0.063333
Column 6 3 9.9 3.3 0.43
ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 1.182778 5 0.236556 0.753628 0.59939 3.105875
Within Groups 3.766667 12 0.313889
Total 4.949444 17
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Using the single Anova factor to test the hypothesis, there is no
significant difference in terms of grade level. 5 % alpha level and with a total degree
of freedom of 4, a degree of 5 between and 30 within. The critical value is 3.105875,
the computed value is 1.1658. Hence, the critical value is lower than the computed
digree of freedom, it is therefore
The researcher concluded that the hypothesis is rejected. There is no

significant difference in terms of grade level.
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable Variable
1 2
Mean 3.133333 3.233333
Variance 0.173333 0.243333
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 4
t Stat -0.26833
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.400858
t Critical one-tail 2.131847
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.801717
t Critical two-tail 2.776445
Using the T-test sample assuming unequal variances to test this

hypothesis there is no significant difference in terms of grade level. 5 % alpha level
and with a total degree of freedom of 4, a degree of 5 between and 30 within.
The critical value is 2.776445, the computed value is -0.26833. Hence, the critical
value is lower than the computed degree of freedom, it is therefore
The researcher concluded that the hypothesis is rejected. There is no

significant difference in terms of gender.
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Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation
This chapter presents the gathered data from the respondents. All gathered
data are presented in tabular form. The analysis and interpretation follow each
table.
This study will determine the importance of selling nutritional foods in the
canteen for the students of Bethany Christian School. It is therefore appropriate to
present the gathered data based on the answer of every grade level and to know the
differences. This part also presents the combination of all respondents and other
variables to see the overall impact of this study to the students.
Table 1
Male and Female Respondents
Frequency Percentage
Male 45 45%
Female 55 55%
Total 100 100%
Table 1 shows the combination of male and female respondents. Female

respondents have 55 or 55% while male respondents have 45 or 45%.
Based on data presented, the researcher concluded that female respondents

are higher than male respondents.
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Table No. 2
Grade 7 to 12 Respondents
Grade Level Frequency Percentage

Grade 7 15 15%
Grade 8 30 30%
Grade 9 19 19%
Grade 10 8 8%
Grade 11 9 9%
Grade 12 19 19%
This table shows the number of respondents per grade level. The grade 8
respondents participated the most with 30 respondents followed by grade 9 with 19
respondents and grade 12 with 19 respondents then grade 7 with 15 respondents.
The grade 11 has 9 respondents and grade 10 has 8 respondents.
The researcher concludes that the students are the primary consumers of
food in the school canteen. It is therefore given a proper health program since what
they will practice in their young may be brought even to adulthood. The teachers
and school canteen personnel play important role in influencing the students to a
healthy diet through their curriculum and teaching learning process.
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Table 3
Q1-Q2. Ratio of Healthy and Unhealthy Food in Terms of Grade 7 Respondents
N = 15
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1 AWM DR
Ratio of healthy/ unhealthy
1 2 6 2 4 2.6 Sometimes
food before the school year
3 7 5 5 1 3.2 Sometimes
food during the survey
Legend: 5 = entirely healthy products
4 = almost entirely healthy products
3 = balance healthy and unhealthy products
2 = almost entirely unhealthy products
1 = entirely unhealthy products
DR - Descriptive Rating
AWM - Average Weighted Mean
Table 3 shows the answer to the questions 1 and 2 which are “How was the
ratio healthy/unhealthy food in the school canteen before the start of this
school year?” and “How is the ratio healthy/unhealthy food in the school
cafeteria at this moment?”. From in the question 1 most of the respondents
answered “balance healthy and unhealthy products” with a respondents of 6
followed by “entirely unhealthy products” with a respondent of 4. Next is “almost
entirely healthy product” and “almost entirely unhealthy products” with an
19
respondents of 2. Lastly is “entirely healthy products” with respondents of 1. This
question has an AWM of 2.6 and DR of “Sometimes”.
For the second question which is “How is the ratio healthy/unhealthy food
in the school cafeteria at this moment?” most of the respondents answered
“balance healthy and unhealthy products” and “almost entirely healthy
products” with a respondent of 5. The next is “entirely healthy products” and
“almost entirely unhealthy products” with respondents of 2. Lastly is “entirely
unhealthy products” with a respondent of 1. This second question has an AWM of
3.2 and DR of “Sometimes”.
The researcher concluded that in the 1st question “balance healthy and
unhealthy products” is the highest indicator answer of the respondents with 6 and
the lowest indicator among the answer of the respondent is “entirely healthy
products” with 1 respondent only. This means that the food they are selling at the
canteen is a combination of healthy and unhealthy products in term of grade 7
views. From the 2nd question “almost entirely healthy products” is the highest
indicator answer of the respondents with 7 respondents while the lowest indicator
is “entirely unhealthy products” with only 1 respondent. This means that there is
a positive change of food from “balance healthy and unhealthy products” to
“almost entirely healthy products” as of before the school compare to the present
time when this study was conducted.
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Table 4
Q3. Healthy School Canteen Program in terms of Grade 7 Respondents
N = 15
Indicator 5 4 3 2 1 AWM DR
Need to provide Healthy
7 3 5 0 0 4.1 Often
School Canteen program
Legend:
1 = absolutely disagree
2 = quiet disagree
3 = maybe
4 = quiet agree
5 = absolutely agree
In this the table it presents that in question 3 which is “The school need to
provide Healthy School Canteen program.” the respondents answered the most is
“Absolutely agree” with 7 respondents followed by “maybe” with respondents of 5
and next is “quiet agree” with 3 respondents while “quiet disagree” and
“Absolutely disagree” are with 0 respondent. This question has an AWM of 4.1 and
a DR of “Often”.
The researcher concluded that the highest among the answers is absolutely
agree” with 7 respondents and the lowest is “Absolutely disagree” with 0
respondent.
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Table 5
Q4. Continuation Activities of the School in terms of Grade 7 Respondents
N = 15
Indicator Frequency Percentage

A 2 13.3%
B 12 80%
C 1 6.7%
Total 15 100%
Legend: A = structural change in canteen offerings
B = development of a school food policy
C = annual change of food providers/caterers
This table the answers of the students about “Which continuation activities
did your school carry out”.
Out of 15 respondents 12 answered “development of a school food policy”

with a percentage of 80% and then 2 respondents answered “structural change in
canteen offerings” with a percentage of 13.3% and lastly "annual change of food
providers/caterers” which had a 1 respondent only with a percentage of 6.7%.
The researcher concluded that the highest answer about the “Which
continuation activities did your school carry out?” is the “development of a
school food policy” with a percentage of 80% and lowest answer to the question is
“annual change of food providers/caterers” with a percentage of 6.7%.
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Table 6
Q1-Q2. Ratio of Healthy and Unhealthy Food in terms of Grade 8 Respondents.
N = 30
1 4 19 6 0 2.9 Sometimes
2 6 14 8 0 2.9 Sometimes
ratio healthy/unhealthy food in the school canteen before start of this school
year?” and “How is the ratio healthy/unhealthy food in the school cafeteria at
this moment?”. From question 1, most of the respondents answered “balance
healthy and unhealthy products” with respondents of 19. Next is “almost
entirely unhealthy products” with a respondent of 6 followed by, “almost
entirely healthy product.” with respondents of 4. Then “entirely healthy
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products” with only 1 respondent. Lastly is “entirely unhealthy products” with
respondents of 0. This question has an AWM of 2.9 and DR of “Sometimes”.
in the school cafeteria at this moment?” mostly of the respondents answered
“balance healthy and unhealthy products” with a respondents of 14 and “almost
entirely unhealthy products” with a respondent of 8 and next is “almost entirely
healthy products” with a respondents of 6 and next is the “entirely healthy
products“ with a respondent of 2. Lastly is “entirely unhealthy products” with a
respondent of 0. This second question has an AWM of 2.9 and DR of “Sometimes”.
unhealthy products” is the highest indicator answer of the respondents with 19
and the lowest indicator that has been the answer of the respondent is “entirely
unhealthy products” with a 0 respondent only. However, in the 2nd question
though the highest indicator fall on “balance healthy and unhealthy products”
with respondents of 14 respondents, it is lower than 5 respondents compare to 1st
question.
24
Table 7
Q3. Healthy School Canteen Program in terms of Grade 8 Respondents.
N = 30
12 10 4 4 0 3.8 Often
Legend: 1 = absolutely disagree
2 = quiet disagree
3 = maybe
4 = quiet agree
The table presents that in question 3 which is “The school need to provide
Healthy School Canteen program” the respondents answered mostly that they
“Absolutely agree” with respondents of 12 followed by the “quiet agree” with
respondents of 10. Next is “maybe” and “quiet disagree” with respondents of 4
and lastly “Absolutely disagree” with 0 respondent. This question has an AWM of
3.8 and a DR of “Often”.
The researcher concluded that the highest among the answers is “absolutely
agree” with respondents of 12 and the lowest is “Absolutely disagree” with 0
respondent.
25
Table 8
N = 30
Indicators Frequency Percentage

A 8 26.7%
B 14 46.7%
C 8 26.7%
Total 30 100%
In this table, the answers of the students about “Which continuation

activities did your school carry out” from 15 respondents 14 answered
“development of a school food policy” with a percentage of 46.7%. Then 8
respondents answered “structural change in canteen offerings” with a percentage
of 26.7%. Lastly, "annual change of food providers/caterers” which has 8
respondents with a percentage of 26.7%.
continuation activities did your school carry out?” is the” development of a
school food policy” with a percentage of 46.7% and lowest answer to the question
is “annual change of food providers/caterers” with a percentage of 26.7%
26
Table 9
Q1-Q2. Ratio of Healthy and Unhealthy Food in terms of Grade 9 Respondents
N = 19
1 4 12 2 0 3.2 Sometimes
1 4 7 3 4 2.7 Sometimes
ratio healthy/unhealthy food in the school canteen before start of this school
year?” and “How is the ratio healthy/unhealthy food in the school cafeteria at
this moment? “. In the question 1, most of the respondents answered “balance
healthy and unhealthy products” with respondents of 12 and next is “almost
entirely healthy products” with respondent of 4. Followed by “almost entirely
unhealthy product” with respondents of 2. Then “entirely healthy products” with
27
respondent of 1. Lastly “entirely healthy products” with a respondent of 0. This
“balance healthy and unhealthy products” with 7 respondents followed by
“almost entirely healthy products” with 4 respondents and “entirely unhealthy
products” with the same respondents of 4. Next is “almost entirely healthy
products” with respondents of 3 and lastly is “entirely healthy products” with a
respondent of 1. This second question has AWM of 2.7 and DR of “Sometimes”.
healthy products” with 0 respondent.
In addition, from the 2nd question, the researcher concluded that “balance
healthy and unhealthy products” is the highest indicator while “entirely healthy
products” is the least answer with only 1 respondent.
28
Table 10
N = 19
5 3 3 5 3 3.1 Sometimes
2 = quiet disagree
3 = maybe
4 = quiet agree
This the table presents that in question 3 which is “The school need to
provide Healthy School Canteen program”, the respondents answered that they
“Absolutely agree” with respondents of 5 equal to “quiet disagree” with also 5
respondents. Then “quiet agree”, “maybe” and “Absolutely disagree” have 3
respondents. This question has AWM of 3.1 and a DR of “sometimes”.
agree” and “quiet disagree” with the same respondents of 5 while the lowest is
“Absolutely disagree”, “quiet agree” and “maybe” with 3 respondents. This table
has AWM of 3.1 and a DR of “sometimes”.
29
Table 11
N = 19

A 6 31.6%
B 8 42.1%
C 5 26.3%
Total 19 100%
In this table shows the answers of the students about “Which continuation
activities did your school carry out” and out of 15 respondents 8 answered
“development of a school food policy” with a percentage of 42.1% and then 6
of 31.6% and lastly "annual change of food providers/caterers” which has 5
respondents only with a percentage of 26.3%.
continuation activities did your school carry out?” is the “development of a school
food policy” with a percentage of 41.1% and lowest answer to the question is
30
Table 12
N=8
0 1 5 2 0 2.8 Sometimes
0 1 5 2 0 2.8 Sometimes
Table 12 shows the answer to the questions 1 and 2 which are “How was
the ratio healthy/unhealthy food in the school canteen before start of this
cafeteria at this moment? “. In the question 1 most of the respondents answered
“balance healthy and unhealthy products” with respondents of 5 and next is
“almost entirely unhealthy products” with a respondent of 2. Followed by
“almost entirely healthy product” with 1 respondent. The “entirely unhealthy
31
products” and “entirely healthy products” have 0 respondent. This question has
an AWM of 2.8 and DR of “Sometimes”.
“balance healthy and unhealthy products” with 5 respondents then “almost
entirely unhealthy products” with a respondent of 2 followed by “almost entirely
healthy products” with only 1 respondent. The “entirely unhealthy products”
and “entirely unhealthy products” got 0 respondent of. This second question has
AWM of 3.2 and DR of “Sometimes”.
the lowest indicator that the answer of the respondent is “entirely healthy
products” and “entirely unhealthy products” with 0 respondent.
From the 2nd question, the researcher concluded that in the “balance
healthy and unhealthy products” is also the highest indicator answer of the
respondents with 5 and the lowest indicator that the answer of the respondent is
“entirely healthy products” and “entirely unhealthy products” with 0
respondent.
32
Table 13
N=8
2 4 2 0 0 4.0 Often
2 = quiet disagree
3 = maybe
4 = quiet agree
In this the table presents question 3 which is “The school need to provide
“Quiet agree” with respondents of 4 followed by the “Absolutely disagree” and
“maybe” with both 2 respondents. While the indicator “quiet disagree” and
“Absolutely disagree” have 0 respondent. This table has AWM of 4.0 and a DR of
“Often”.
The researcher concluded that the highest among the answers is “Quiet
agree” with respondents of 4 and the lowest are “Quiet disagree” and “Absolutely
disagree” with 0 respondent.
33
Table 14
N=8

A 3 37.5%
B 2 25%
C 3 37.5%
Total 8 100%
In table 14, the answers of the students about “Which continuation

“structural change in canteen offerings” and “annual change of food
providers/caterers” with the same percentage of 37.5%. Out of 8 respondents, 2 of
them answered “development of a school food policy” with a percentage of 25%.
continuation activities did your school carry out?” are the “structural change in
canteen offerings” and “annual change of food providers/caterers” and lowest
answer to the question is “development of a school food policy” with a percentage
of 25%.
34
Table 15
N=9
0 0 3 6 0 2.3 Seldom
0 1 6 2 0 2.8 Sometimes
cafeteria at this moment? “.
In the question 1 most of the respondents answered “almost entirely
unhealthy products” with respondents of 6 followed by “balance healthy and
unhealthy products” with respondent of 3. The indicators “entirely healthy
35
products”, “almost entirely healthy product” and “entirely unhealthy products”
got 0 respondent. This question has an AWM of 2.3 and DR of “Seldom”.
in the school canteen at this moment?” mostly of the respondents answered
“almost entirely unhealthy products” with respondent of 2. Then the “almost
entirely healthy products” with only 1 respondent. Lastly, the rest indicators
which are “entirely healthy products” and “entirely unhealthy products” have 0
respondent. This second question has AWM of 2.8 and DR of “Sometimes”.
The researcher concluded that in the 1st question “almost entirely
the lowest indicator that the answer of the respondent are “balance healthy and
unhealthy products”, “entirely healthy products” and “entirely unhealthy
products” with 0 respondent.
respondent.
36
Table 16
N=9
0 2 2 5 0 2.6 Sometimes
Legend:
2 = quiet disagree
3 = maybe
4 = quiet agree
This table presents that in question 3 which is “The school need to provide
“quiet agree” with respondents of 3 same to “maybe” with respondents of 3. Next
is “quiet disagree” with respondents of 2 followed by “Absolutely disagree” with
1 respondent while “Absolutely agree” has 0 respondent. This table has AWM of
2.8 and a DR of “Sometimes”.
The researcher concluded that the highest among the answers are “Quiet
agree” and “Maybe” with 3 respondents and the lowest is “Absolutely agree” with
0 respondent.
37
Table 17
N=9

A 2 22.2%
B 7 77.8%
C 0 0%
Total 9 100%
activities did your school carry out?” and out of 9 respondents 7 answered
respondent answered “structural change in canteen offerings” with a percentage
of 22.2% while "annual change of food providers/caterers” which had 0
respondent.
is “annual change of food providers/caterers” with percentage 0%.
38
Table 18
N = 19
0 1 11 0 2 2.7 Sometimes
1 2 15 1 0 3.2 Sometimes
Legend:
2 = quiet disagree
3 = maybe
4 = quiet agree
Table 18 shows the answer to the questions 1 and 2 which are “How
was the ratio healthy/unhealthy food in the school canteen before start of this
In the question 1 most of the respondents answered “balance healthy and
unhealthy products” with respondents of 11 followed by “entirely unhealthy
products” with respondent of 2. Next is “almost entirely healthy products” with 1
respondent. While the indicators “entirely healthy products” and “almost
39
entirely unhealthy product” and got 0 respondent. This question has an AWM of
“almost entirely healthy products” with respondent of 2. Then the “almost
entirely unhealthy products” with only 1 respondent same to “entirely healthy
products” with 1 respondent. Lastly, the “entirely unhealthy products” has 0
unhealthy products” is the highest indicator answer of the respondents with 6 out
of 19 and the lowest indicator that the answer of the respondent is “entirely
healthy products” and “almost entirely unhealthy products” with 0 respondent.
“entirely unhealthy products” with 0 respondent.
40
Table 19
N = 14
7 1 6 0 0 4.0 Often
Legend:
2 = quiet disagree
3 = maybe
4 = quiet agree
“maybe” with respondents of 15. Next is “quiet disagree” with respondents of 2
followed by “Absolutely disagree” with 1 respondent same to “Absolutely agree”
has 1 respondent while the “Absolutely disagree” has 0 respondent. This table has
AWM of 2.8 and a DR of “Sometimes”.
The researcher concluded that the highest among the answers is “Maybe”
with 15 respondents and the lowest is “Absolutely disagree” with 0 respondent.
41
Table 20
N = 14

A 1 7.1%
B 8 57.1%
C 5 37.7%
Total 14 100%
The table above shows the continuous activities of the school for the health
of the students.
It shows that out of 14 respondents from grade 12 there is 8 or 57.1% who

believe that the school keeps on developing the school food policy. Next, there is 5
or 37.7% among the 14 respondents believe that there is annual change of food
providers or caterers. However, there is only 1 or 7.1 % who notice the structural
change in the canteen offerings.
The researcher concludes that the school keeps on developing on its

structural change in the canteen offerings, food providers, and school food policy.
42
Table 21
Q1-Q2. Ratio of Healthy and Unhealthy Food in Terms of Male Respondents
N = 45
2 8 22 7 6 2.8 Sometimes
3 10 18 12 2 3.0 Sometimes
unhealthy products” with respondents of 22 followed by “almost entirely
healthy products” with respondent of 8. Next is “almost entirely unhealthy
43
products” with 7 respondents. While the indicators “entirely unhealthy products”
has 6 respondents and “entirely healthy product” got 2 respondents. This question
has an AWM of 2.8 and DR of “Sometimes”.
entirely healthy products” with 10 respondents while the “entirely healthy
products” has 3 respondents. Lastly, the “entirely unhealthy products” has 2
respondents. This second question has AWM of 3.0 and DR of “Sometimes”.
out of 45 and the lowest indicator that the answer of the respondent is “entirely
healthy products” with 2 respondents.
“entirely unhealthy products” with 2 respondents.
44
Table 22
Q3. Healthy School Canteen Program in Terms of Male Respondents
N = 45
14 10 14 5 2 3.6 Often
Legend:
2 = quiet disagree
3 = maybe
4 = quiet agree
In this the table presents that in question 3 which is “The school need to
provide Healthy School Canteen program. “the respondents answered mostly
that they “Absolutely agree” and “maybe” with respondents of 14 followed by the
“quite agree” with respondents of 10 and then next is “quiet disagree” with
respondents of 5 and lastly “Absolutely disagree” with 2 respondents. And this
table has AWM of 3.6 and a DR of “Often”.
agree” and “maybe” with respondents of 14 and the lowest is “Absolutely
disagree” with a 2 respondent.
45
Table 23
Q5. Continuation Activities of the School in Terms of Male Respondents
N = 45
A 12 26.7%
B 30 66.7%
C 3 6.7%
Total 45 100%
of 36.7% and lastly "annual change of food providers/caterers” which had a 3
respondent only with a percentage of 6.7%.
is “annual change of food providers/caterers” with a percentage of 6.7%.
46
Table 24
Q1-Q2. Ratio of Healthy and Unhealthy Food in Terms of Female Respondents
N = 55
1 7 36 11 0 2.9 Sometimes
5 8 30 9 3 3.0 Sometimes
unhealthy products” with respondent of 11. Next is “almost entirely healthy
products” with 7 respondents. While the indicators “entirely healthy products”
47
has 1 respondent and “entirely unhealthy product” got 0 respondents. This
unhealthy products” with 0 respondent.
48
Table 25
Q3. Healthy School Canteen Program in Terms of Female Respondents
N = 55
23 13 8 9 2 3.8 Often
Legend:
2 = quiet disagree
3 = maybe
4 = quiet agree
that they “Absolutely agree” with respondents of 23 followed by the “quite agree”
with respondents of 13 and then next is “quiet disagree” with respondents of 8 and
then “maybe” with an 8 respondent and lastly “Absolutely disagree” with an 2
respondent. And this table has AWM of 3.8 and a DR of “Often”.
respondents.
49
Table 26
Q4. Continuation Activities of the School in Terms of Female Respondents
N = 55
A 12 21.8%
B 24 43.7%
C 19 34.5%
Total 55 100%
is “structural change in canteen offerings” with a percentage of 21.8%.
50
Table 27
Q1-Q2. Ratio of Healthy and Unhealthy Food in Terms of All Respondents
N = 100
3 16 57 18 6 2.9 Sometimes
8 18 48 21 5 3.0 Sometimes
products” with 16 respondents. While the indicators “entirely unhealthy
51
products” has 6 respondent and “entirely healthy product” got 3 respondents.
This question has an AWM of 2.9 and DR of “Sometimes”.
52
Table 28
Q4. Healthy School Canteen Program in Terms of All Respondents
N = 100
37 23 22 14 4 3.7 Often
Legend:
2 = quiet disagree
3 = maybe
4 = quiet agree
with respondents of 23 and then next is “maybe” with respondents of 22 and then
“quiet disagree” with 14 respondent and lastly “Absolutely disagree” with 4
respondents. This table has AWM of 3.7 and a DR of “Often”.
respondents.
53
Table 29
Q6. Continuation Activities of the School in Terms of All Respondents
N = 100
A 24 24%
B 54 54%
C 22 22%
Total 100 100%
“development of a school food policy” with a percentage of 54% and then 24
of 24% and lastly "annual change of food providers/caterers” which had a 22
respondent only with a percentage of 22%.
“annual change of food providers/caterers” with a percentage of 22%.
54
Chapter 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendations
This chapter consists of the summary of findings, conclusion, and

recommendations.
Summary of Findings
Table 1 shows the combination of male and female respondents. Female

respondents have 55 or 55% while male respondents have 45 or 45%.
The grade 8 respondents participated the most with 30 respondents followed by
grade 9 with 19 respondents and grade 12 with 19 respondents then grade 7 with
15 respondents. The grade 11 has 9 respondents and grade 10 has 8 respondents.
From in the question 1 most of the respondents answered “balance healthy

and unhealthy products” with a respondents of 6 followed by “entirely unhealthy
products” with a respondent of 4. Next is “almost entirely healthy product” and
“almost entirely unhealthy products” with an respondents of 2. Lastly is “entirely
healthy products” with respondents of 1. This question has an AWM of 2.6 and DR
of “Sometimes”.
in the school cafeteria at this moment?” most of the respondents answered
“balance healthy and unhealthy products” and “almost entirely healthy
products” with a respondent of 5. The next is “entirely healthy products” and
“almost entirely unhealthy products” with respondents of 2. Lastly is “entirely
unhealthy products” with a respondent of 1. This second question has an AWM of
provide Healthy School Canteen program.” the respondents answered the most is
“Absolutely agree” with 7 respondents followed by “maybe” with respondents of 5
and next is “quiet agree” with 3 respondents while “quiet disagree” and
55
“Absolutely disagree” are with 0 respondent. This question has an AWM of 4.1 and
a DR of “Often”.
Out of 15 respondents 12 answered “development of a school food policy”

with a percentage of 80% and then 2 respondents answered “structural change in
canteen offerings” with a percentage of 13.3% and lastly "annual change of food
providers/caterers” which had a 1 respondent only with a percentage of 6.7%.
From question 1, most of the respondents answered “balance healthy and

unhealthy products” with respondents of 19. Next is “almost entirely unhealthy
products” with a respondent of 6 followed by, “almost entirely healthy product.”
with respondents of 4. Then “entirely healthy products” with only 1 respondent.
Lastly is “entirely unhealthy products” with respondents of 0. This question has
an AWM of 2.9 and DR of “Sometimes”.
“balance healthy and unhealthy products” with a respondents of 14 and “almost
entirely unhealthy products” with a respondent of 8 and next is “almost entirely
healthy products” with a respondents of 6 and next is the “entirely healthy
products“ with a respondent of 2. Lastly is “entirely unhealthy products” with a
respondent of 0. This second question has an AWM of 2.9 and DR of “Sometimes”.
The table presents that in question 3 which is “The school need to provide
“Absolutely agree” with respondents of 12 followed by the “quiet agree” with
respondents of 10. Next is “maybe” and “quiet disagree” with respondents of 4
and lastly “Absolutely disagree” with 0 respondent. This question has an AWM of
3.8 and a DR of “Often”.
In this table, the answers of the students about “Which continuation

activities did your school carry out” from 15 respondents 14 answered
“development of a school food policy” with a percentage of 46.7%. Then 8
56
of 26.7%. Lastly, "annual change of food providers/caterers” which has 8
respondents with a percentage of 26.7%.
In the question 1, most of the respondents answered “balance healthy and

unhealthy products” with respondents of 12 and next is “almost entirely healthy
products” with respondent of 4. Followed by “almost entirely unhealthy
product” with respondents of 2. Then “entirely healthy products” with
respondent of 1. Lastly “entirely healthy products” with a respondent of 0. This
“almost entirely healthy products” with 4 respondents and “entirely unhealthy
products” with the same respondents of 4. Next is “almost entirely healthy
products” with respondents of 3 and lastly is “entirely healthy products” with a
respondent of 1. This second question has AWM of 2.7 and DR of “Sometimes”.
This the table presents that in question 3 which is “The school need to
provide Healthy School Canteen program”, the respondents answered that they
“Absolutely agree” with respondents of 5 equal to “quiet disagree” with also 5
respondents. Then “quiet agree”, “maybe” and “Absolutely disagree” have 3
respondents. This question has AWM of 3.1 and a DR of “sometimes”.
of 31.6% and lastly "annual change of food providers/caterers” which has 5
respondents only with a percentage of 26.3%.
57
unhealthy products” with respondents of 5 and next is “almost entirely
unhealthy products” with a respondent of 2. Followed by “almost entirely
healthy product” with 1 respondent. The “entirely unhealthy products” and
“entirely healthy products” have 0 respondent. This question has an AWM of 2.8
and DR of “Sometimes”.
“balance healthy and unhealthy products” with 5 respondents then “almost
entirely unhealthy products” with a respondent of 2 followed by “almost entirely
healthy products” with only 1 respondent. The “entirely unhealthy products”
and “entirely unhealthy products” got 0 respondent of. This second question has
AWM of 3.2 and DR of “Sometimes”.
In this the table presents question 3 which is “The school need to provide
“Quiet agree” with respondents of 4 followed by the “Absolutely disagree” and
“maybe” with both 2 respondents. While the indicator “quiet disagree” and
“Absolutely disagree” have 0 respondent. This table has AWM of 4.0 and a DR of
“Often”.
In table 14, the answers of the students about “Which continuation

“structural change in canteen offerings” and “annual change of food
providers/caterers” with the same percentage of 37.5%. Out of 8 respondents, 2 of
them answered “development of a school food policy” with a percentage of 25%.
In the question 1 most of the respondents answered “almost entirely

unhealthy products” with respondents of 6 followed by “balance healthy and
unhealthy products” with respondent of 3. The indicators “entirely healthy
58
products”, “almost entirely healthy product” and “entirely unhealthy products”
got 0 respondent. This question has an AWM of 2.3 and DR of “Seldom”.
entirely healthy products” with only 1 respondent. Lastly, the rest indicators
which are “entirely healthy products” and “entirely unhealthy products” have 0
“quiet agree” with respondents of 3 same to “maybe” with respondents of 3. Next
is “quiet disagree” with respondents of 2 followed by “Absolutely disagree” with
1 respondent while “Absolutely agree” has 0 respondent. This table has AWM of
2.8 and a DR of “Sometimes”.
activities did your school carry out?” and out of 9 respondents 7 answered
of 22.2% while "annual change of food providers/caterers” which had 0
respondent.

unhealthy products” with respondents of 11 followed by “entirely unhealthy
products” with respondent of 2. Next is “almost entirely healthy products” with 1
respondent. While the indicators “entirely healthy products” and “almost
entirely unhealthy product” and got 0 respondent. This question has an AWM of
59
“almost entirely healthy products” with respondent of 2. Then the “almost
entirely unhealthy products” with only 1 respondent same to “entirely healthy
products” with 1 respondent. Lastly, the “entirely unhealthy products” has 0
“maybe” with respondents of 15. Next is “quiet disagree” with respondents of 2
followed by “Absolutely disagree” with 1 respondent same to “Absolutely agree”
has 1 respondent while the “Absolutely disagree” has 0 respondent. This table has
AWM of 2.8 and a DR of “Sometimes”.
It shows that out of 14 respondents from grade 12 there is 8 or 57.1% who

believe that the school keeps on developing the school food policy. Next, there is 5
or 37.7% among the 14 respondents believe that there is annual change of food
providers or caterers. However, there is only 1 or 7.1 % who notice the structural
change in the canteen offerings.

healthy products” with respondent of 8. Next is “almost entirely unhealthy
products” with 7 respondents. While the indicators “entirely unhealthy products”
has 6 respondents and “entirely healthy product” got 2 respondents. This question
has an AWM of 2.8 and DR of “Sometimes”.
60
In this the table presents that in question 3 which is “The school need to
that they “Absolutely agree” and “maybe” with respondents of 14 followed by the
“quite agree” with respondents of 10 and then next is “quiet disagree” with
respondents of 5 and lastly “Absolutely disagree” with 2 respondents. And this
table has AWM of 3.6 and a DR of “Often”.

products” with 7 respondents. While the indicators “entirely healthy products”
has 1 respondent and “entirely unhealthy product” got 0 respondents. This
with respondents of 13 and then next is “quiet disagree” with respondents of 8 and
61
then “maybe” with an 8 respondent and lastly “Absolutely disagree” with an 2
respondent. And this table has AWM of 3.8 and a DR of “Often”.

products” with 16 respondents. While the indicators “entirely unhealthy
products” has 6 respondent and “entirely healthy product” got 3 respondents.
This question has an AWM of 2.9 and DR of “Sometimes”.
with respondents of 23 and then next is “maybe” with respondents of 22 and then
“quiet disagree” with 14 respondent and lastly “Absolutely disagree” with 4
respondents. This table has AWM of 3.7 and a DR of “Often”.
62
“development of a school food policy” with a percentage of 54% and then 24
of 24% and lastly "annual change of food providers/caterers” which had a 22
respondent only with a percentage of 22%.
Conclusion
Based on data presented, the researcher concluded that female respondents

are higher than male respondents.
The researcher concludes that the students are the primary consumers of
food in the school canteen. It is therefore given a proper health program since what
they will practice in their young may be brought even to adulthood. The teachers
and school canteen personnel play important role in influencing the students to a
healthy diet through their curriculum and teaching learning process.
the lowest indicator among the answer of the respondent is “entirely healthy
products” with 1 respondent only. This means that the food they are selling at the
canteen is a combination of healthy and unhealthy products in term of grade 7
views. From the 2nd question “almost entirely healthy products” is the highest
indicator answer of the respondents with 7 respondents while the lowest indicator
is “entirely unhealthy products” with only 1 respondent. This means that there is
a positive change of food from “balance healthy and unhealthy products” to
“almost entirely healthy products” as of before the school compare to the present
time when this study was conducted.
63
agree” with 7 respondents and the lowest is “Absolutely disagree” with 0
respondent.
unhealthy products” with a 0 respondent only. However, in the 2nd question
though the highest indicator fall on “balance healthy and unhealthy products”
with respondents of 14 respondents, it is lower than 5 respondents compare to 1st
question.
respondent.
is “annual change of food providers/caterers” with a percentage of 26.7%
healthy products” with 0 respondent.
In addition, from the 2nd question, the researcher concluded that “balance
healthy and unhealthy products” is the highest indicator while “entirely healthy
products” is the least answer with only 1 respondent.
64
agree” and “quiet disagree” with the same respondents of 5 while the lowest is
“Absolutely disagree”, “quiet agree” and “maybe” with 3 respondents. This table
has AWM of 3.1 and a DR of “sometimes”.
continuation activities did your school carry out?” is the “development of a school
food policy” with a percentage of 41.1% and lowest answer to the question is
the lowest indicator that the answer of the respondent is “entirely healthy
products” and “entirely unhealthy products” with 0 respondent.
respondent.
The researcher concluded that the highest among the answers is “Quiet agree” with
respondents of 4 and the lowest are “Quiet disagree” and “Absolutely disagree”
with 0 respondent.
continuation activities did your school carry out?” are the “structural change in
canteen offerings” and “annual change of food providers/caterers” and lowest
answer to the question is “development of a school food policy” with a percentage
of 25%.
The researcher concluded that in the 1st question “almost entirely

the lowest indicator that the answer of the respondent are “balance healthy and
65
unhealthy products”, “entirely healthy products” and “entirely unhealthy
products” with 0 respondent.
respondent.
The researcher concluded that the highest among the answers are “Quiet
agree” and “Maybe” with 3 respondents and the lowest is “Absolutely agree” with
0 respondent.
is “annual change of food providers/caterers” with percentage 0%.
unhealthy products” is the highest indicator answer of the respondents with 6 out
of 19 and the lowest indicator that the answer of the respondent is “entirely
healthy products” and “almost entirely unhealthy products” with 0 respondent.
“entirely unhealthy products” with 0 respondent.
The researcher concluded that the highest among the answers is “Maybe” with 15
respondents and the lowest is “Absolutely disagree” with 0 respondent
The researcher concludes that the school keeps on developing on its structural
change in the canteen offerings, food providers, and school food policy.
66
agree” and “maybe” with respondents of 14 and the lowest is “Absolutely
disagree” with a 2 respondent.
is “annual change of food providers/caterers” with a percentage of 6.7%.
unhealthy products” with 0 respondent.
The researcher concluded that the highest among the answers is absolutely agree”
with respondents of 23 and the lowest is “Absolutely disagree” with 2
respondents.
is “structural change in canteen offerings” with a percentage of 21.8%.
67
respondents.
continuation activities did your school carry o ut?” is the” development of a
“annual change of food providers/caterers” with a percentage of 22%.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions, the researcher presents the following

recommendations;
The researcher recommends to the future researcher if there is significant

effect of gender in selling nutritional food in the canteen.
The researcher recommends for further studies comparing the effects of

nutritious and non-nutritious food in the school canteen.
The researcher recommends for further studies about the reasons why some
school canteens still sell unhealthy or non-nutritious food.
The researcher recommends to the future researcher to conduct a study with

an equal number of respondents.
68
The researcher recommends for further studies about the need to provide
healthy school canteen program.
The researcher recommends for further studies about sustainable activities

as guide of students in healthy eating habits.
The researcher recommends for further studies about the prevention of

unhealthy foods being sold in the school canteen.
The researcher recommends the future researcher to conduct a study about

the physical, emotional and mental effects of non-nutritious or unhealthy foods to
the students.
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Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Settings

The environment can exert a strong influence on people's food decisions. In

Among private school students, the frequency of overweight continues to

Interestingly, the impact of the environment on people's food choices and

Another reason why targeting students offers great potential to improve

Statement of the problem

The researcher attempts to identify the importance of selling nutritional

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents?

3. How the school address the health-related issues?

Significance of the Study

The researcher attempts to identify the importance of selling nutritional

The following will benefit from this study.

Scope and Delimitation

school year 2018-2019.

It only answers the importance of selling nutritional food in the canteen of

The research chose 100 combination of respondents coming from grade 7 to

exploratory cross-sectional survey to obtain information from students through

survey questionnaires. Data is presented in tabular form with narrative analysis

Review of Related Literature and Studies

He concluded the environment can exert a strong influence on people's food

It will be a challenge to motivate schools to enroll in the programme in order

Schools provide an important setting for promoting health, as they reach

A study presented by Verity Cleland, et al in their research entitled “What are

An exploratory cross-sectional survey was used to obtain information from

The main outcome measures types of foods purchased at school canteens,

In conclusion, these Victorian primary school children and their teachers,

A research study presented by Azanza, et al (200),entitled “Food safety

Topics on food safety assessment in both practices and knowledge included:

According to Azanza (2009), a consumer survey was conducted in a

Deshpande and his teammates study demonstrate potential mechanisms by

The purpose of this study is to identify the importance of selling nutritional

H1. There is high importance of selling nutritional food in the canteen.

METHOD OF THE STUDY AND SOURCES OF DATA

The researcher will be using an exploratory cross-sectional survey to obtain

A cross-sectional study is an observational study that involves the analysis of

Population and Sampling

The primary aims of this study is to present the importance of selling

After identifying the 100 respondents through purposive sampling, the

Setting of the Study

The researcher used non-experimental research design. The used of survey is

Name___________________ (Optional) Gender______ Grade Level__________

___1 = entirely unhealthy products

___2 = almost entirely unhealthy products

___3 = balance healthy and unhealthy products

___4 = almost entirely healthy products).

___5 = entirely healthy products

___1 = entirely unhealthy products

___2 = almost entirely unhealthy products

___3 = balance healthy and unhealthy products

___4 = almost entirely healthy products).

___5 = entirely healthy products

3. The school needs to provide Healthy School Canteen program.

___1 = Absolutely disagree ___2 = Quiet disagree ___3 = Maybe

___4 = Quiet agree ___5 = Absolutely agree

4. Which continuation activities did your school carry out?

___ structural change in canteen offerings

___ development of a school food policy

___ annual change of food providers/caterers

The researcher used exploratory cross-sectional survey to obtain

Anova: Single Factor

The researcher concluded that the hypothesis is rejected. There is no

Name_______ (Optional) Gender Grade Level

_1 = Absolutely disagree _2 = Quiet disagree ___3 = Maybe

_4 = Quiet agree _5 = Absolutely agree