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Essay Title:

Energy Crisis
Outline:

1. Introduction:

2. Forms of Energy:
• Kinetic Energy:
- Sound.
- Wind.
- Mechanical.
- Electrical.
- Thermal,
- Light, Solar.
• Potential Energy:
- Gravitational.
- Hydal.
- Nuclear.
- Chemical.

3. Types of Energy shortage:

• Supply shortage:
• Capacity Shortage:

4. Sector wise energy consumption:

- Household 43%.
- Industries 30%.
- Agri 13%.
- Government 7%
- Commercial 5%
- Street lights 0.7%

5. Energy generation and demand (Figures June 2009)

• Energy Demand 25,000mw.
• Energy Supply 19,505mw.

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• Gap: 3,000mw average, 4000-6000 in peak season.
• Duration of Load shedding:

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6. Causes of Energy crisis:

- No policy and planning.
- Underutilization of installed capacity.
- Public negligence and wastage.
- No dams and proper water management.
- Lack of Political will.
- Dependence on thermal plants.
- Maladministration of previous regimes:
- Underutilization of existing resources:
- Circular Debt:
- Line losses in transmission and distribution:
- Wastage by industries:
- Large scale theft of electricity:
- Corruption:
- Lack of political will:
- Shortage of funds:
- Overdependence on imported energy:
- Population growth.
- No use of alternative energy sources.

7. Effects of Energy crisis:

• Economic:
- Effect on industry sector.
- Effect on agriculture sector.
- Capital flight to other countries.
- Low FDI.
- Inflation.
- Poverty.
- Stagnant economy.
- Low export and increased imports.
• Social:
- Public turmoil.
- Anti-government sentiments.
- Affecting education and students.
- Every sphere of life is affected.
- Psychological impact on minds
• Political:
- Decreased credibility of politicians.
- Derailment of democracy.

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8. Strategies to overcome the energy crisis:

- Changing office time:
- Energy savers:
- Renewable sources:
- Coal and Hydro power plants:
- Solve circular debt issue
- Power conservation and generation projects:
- Laodshedding in transparent manner:
- To avoid tariffs:
- Replacement of inefficient plants:
- Minimize line losses:
• Construction of new dams:
- Kalabagh Dam 3600mw capacity.
- Bhasa Dam 4500mw.
- Nelum-Jehlum 1960mw.
- Tarbela Dam 960mw.
- Suki-Kinari Dam 850mw.
- Munda Dam 700mw.
• Institutional and administrative improvement:
- Effective policy.
- WAPDA, PEPCO, KE prepare new projects.
- Technical competence and expertise.
• Utilization of largest deposits of coal:
- Thar coals deposits.
• Regional cooperation:
- TAPI, IP.
- Import from Tajikistan.
• Renewable energy sources availed:
- Solar, wind, hydal, tidal, geothermal etc.
- Research in concerned field.
• Public awareness:
- Use of savers.
- Avoid wastage.
• Dynamic and active leadership and political will:

9. Conclusion:

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