SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS MgO/γ-ALUMINA DAN CaO/γ-ALUMINA UNTUK

TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK
JARAK (Ricinus communis) MENJADI BIODIESEL
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MgO/γ-ALUMINA AND CaO/γ-ALUMINA CATALYST FOR
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF CASTOR OIL (Ricinus communis) INTO BIODIESEL
DITA ADI SAPUTRA
Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2013 | Diunduh dari http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Atkins, P.W., 1996, Physical Chemistry (diterjemahkan oleh Irma, I.K), Jilid 2,
Edisi keempat, Erlangga, Jakarta.

Augustine, R.L., 1996, Heterogeneous Catalysis for the Synthetic Chemist,

Marcel Dekker Inc, New York.

Bancquart, S., Vanhove, C., Pouilloux, Y., and Barrault, J., 2001, Glycerol
Transesterification with Methyl Stearate Over Solid Basic Catalysts:
Relationship between Activity and Basicity, J. Appl. Catal A: General.,
218, 1-11.

Buasri, A., Chaiyut, N., Ketlekha, P., Mongkolwatee, W., and Bonrawd, S., 2009,
Biodiesel Production from Crude Palm Oil with a High Content of Free
Fatty Acids and Fuel Properties, J. Nat. Sci., 8, 1, 115.

Canakci, M., and Van Gerpen, J., 2001, Biodiesel Production from Oils and Fats
with High Free Fatty Acids, J. Am. Soc. Agr. Eng., 44, 6, 1429-1436.

Dinnesh, Kumar., and Amjad, Ali., 2012, Nanocrystalline K-CaO for The
Transesterification of a Variety of Feedstocks: Structure, Kinetics and
Catalytic Properties, J. bio. Bioenerg., 46, 459-468.

Do, D.D., 1998, Adsorption Analysis: Equilibria and Kinetics, Imperial College
Press, London.

Fessenden, R.J., and Fessenden, J.S., 1997, Kimia Organik diterjemahkan oleh
Pudjatmaka A.H, Edisi Ketiga, Jilid Satu, Erlangga, Jakarta.

Fieser, L.F., and Fieser, M., 1960, Organic Chemistry, Reinhold Publishing
Coorporation, New york.

Gates, B.C., 1992, Catalytic Chemistry, John Willey and Sons Inc, New York.

Hambali, E., Mudjalipah, S., Tambunan, A.H., Pattiwiri, A.W., and Hendroko, R.,
2007, Teknologi Bioenergi, Agromedia, Jakarta.

Hardjono, A., 2001, Tekhnologi Minyak Bumi, Edisi Pertama, Gadjah Mada
University Press, Yogyakarta.

Hegedus, L.L., 1987, Catalysts Design Progress and Perspectives, John Wiley
and Sons, New York.

50
 SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS MgO/γ-ALUMINA DAN CaO/γ-ALUMINA UNTUK
TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK
JARAK (Ricinus communis) MENJADI BIODIESEL
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MgO/γ-ALUMINA AND CaO/γ-ALUMINA CATALYST FOR
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF CASTOR OIL (Ricinus communis) INTO BIODIESEL
DITA ADI SAPUTRA
Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2013 | Diunduh dari http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/

Helwani, Z., Othman, M.R., Azis, N., Fernando, W.J.N., and Kim, J., 2009,
Technologies for Production of Biodiesel Focusing on Green Catalytic
Techniques: A Review, Fuel. Process. Technol., 90, 1502-1514.

Hosseini, S.A., Niaei, A., and Salari, D., 2011, Preoduction of γ-alumina from
Kaolin, Open. J. Phys. Chem., 1, 23-27.

Ilgen, O., and Akin, A.N., 2008, Development of Alumina Supported Alkaline
Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production, Turk. J. Chem., 33, 281 – 287.

Istadi., 2011, Teknologi Katalis untuk Konversi Energy (Fundamental dan

aplikasi), Edisi pertama, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta, ISBN: 978-979-756-
734-7.

Jannah, R., 2008, Reaksi Transesterifikasi Trigliserida Minyak Jarak Pagar

dengan Methanol Menggunakan Katalis Padatan Basa γ-Al2O3, Skripsi,
FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jakarta.

Kawashima, A., Matsubara, K., and Honda, K., 2008, Development of

Heterogeneous Base Catalysts for Biodiesel Production, Bioresour
Technol., 99, 3439-3443.

Kawashima, A., Matsubara, K., and Honda, K., 2009, Acceleration of Catalytic
Activity of Calcium Oxide for Biodiesel Production, Bioresour Technol.,
100, 696-700.

Ketaren, S., 1986, Minyak dan Lemak Pangan, Universitas Indonesia press,
Jakarta.

Ketaren, S., 2005, Pengantar Teknologi Minyak dan Lemak Pangan, Universitas
Indonesia Press, Jakarta.

Knothe, G., 2001, Analytical Methods Used in the Production and Fuel Quality
Assessment of Biodiesel, J. Am. Soc. Agr. Eng., 44, 21, 193-200.

Kurata, S., Yamaguchi, K., and Nagai, M., 2005, Rapid Discrimination if Fatty
Acid Composition in Fats and Oil By Electrospray Ionization Mass
Spectrometry, Jpn. Soc. Anal. Chem., 21, 1457-1465.

Kusumaningsih, T., Pranoto., Saryoso, R., 2006, Pembuatan Bahan Bakar

Biodisel dari Minyak Jarak: Pengaruh Suhu dan Konsentrasi KOH pada
Reaksi Transesterifikasi Berbasis Katalis Basa, J. Biotek., 3, 1, 20-26,
ISSN: 0216-6887.

51
 SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS MgO/γ-ALUMINA DAN CaO/γ-ALUMINA UNTUK
TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK
JARAK (Ricinus communis) MENJADI BIODIESEL
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MgO/γ-ALUMINA AND CaO/γ-ALUMINA CATALYST FOR
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF CASTOR OIL (Ricinus communis) INTO BIODIESEL
DITA ADI SAPUTRA
Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2013 | Diunduh dari http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/

Liang, B., Yan, S., and Lu, H., 2008, Rapeseed Oil for the Purpose of Biodiesel
Production Energy Fuels Supported CaO Catalysts Used in the
Transesterification. Fuel., 22, 1, 646–651.

Liu, X., He, H., Wang, Y., and Zhu, S.L., 2007, Transesterification of Soybean
Oil to Biodiesel Using SrO as a Solid Base Catalyst, Catal. Commun., 8,
1107-1111.

Liu, X.J., He, H.Y., Wang, Y.J., Zhu, S.L., and Piao, X., 2008, Transesterification
of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel Using CaO as a Solid Base Catalyst, Fuel., 87,
216-221.

Liu, X.J., Piao, X.G., Wang, Y.J., Zhu, S.L., and He, H.Y., 2008, Calcium
Methoxide as a Solid Base Catalyst for The Transesterification of Soybean
Oil to Biodiesel with Methanol. Fuel., 87, 1076-1082.

Mar, W.W., and Somsook, E., 2012, Methanolysis of Soybean Oil Over KCl/CaO
Solid Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production, J. Sci. Asia., 38, 90–94.

Mc Murry, J., 2004, Organic Chemistry, Edisi VI, Thomson Learning Inc,
Australia, 1027.

Mittelbach, M., and Remschmidt, C., 2004, Biodiesel: The Comprehensive

Handbook, Paperback, 330 pages, Austria, ISBN: 3-200-00249-2.

Montero, J.M., Gai, P., Wilson, K., and Lee, A.F., 2009, Structure-Sensitive
Biodiesel Synthesis Over MgO Nanocrystals, Green. Chem., 11, 265-268.

Nagendrappa, G., 2002, Organic Synthesis using Clay Catalysts, General Article :
Resonance, 64-77.

Nasikin, M., and Susanto, B.H., 2010, Katalis Heterogen, Edisi pertama,
Departemen teknik kimia, Universitas Indonesia Press, Jakarta.

Ogunniyi, D.S., 2001, Castor Oil: A Vital Industrial Raw Material, J. Sci. Ind., 43,
378-380.

Osava, M., 2001, Castor Oil Plant: Ricinus Communis Is The Best Source For
Creating Biodiesel, Energy in Castor Bean, Tierramerica.

Ozbay, N., Oktar, N., and Tapan, N.A., 2008, Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in
Waste Cooking Oils (WCO): Role of Ion-Exchange Resin, Fuel., 87,
1789-1798.

52
 SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS MgO/γ-ALUMINA DAN CaO/γ-ALUMINA UNTUK
TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK
JARAK (Ricinus communis) MENJADI BIODIESEL
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MgO/γ-ALUMINA AND CaO/γ-ALUMINA CATALYST FOR
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF CASTOR OIL (Ricinus communis) INTO BIODIESEL
DITA ADI SAPUTRA
Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2013 | Diunduh dari http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/

Paglia, G., Buckley, C.E., Udovic, T.J., Rohl, A.L., Jones, F., Maitland, C.F., and
Connolly, j., 2004, Boehmite-Derived γ-Alumina System 2 Consideration
of Hydrogen and Surface Effects, J. Chem. Mater., 16, 1914-1923.

Plank, C. dan Lorbeer., 1995, Simultaneous Determination of Glycerol and Mono,

Di- and Triglycerides in Vegetable Oil Methyl Esters by Capillary Gas
Chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A., 697, 461–468.

Reddy, C.R.V., Oshel, R., and Verkase, J.G., 2006, Room-Temperature

Conversion of Soybean Oil and Poultry Fat to Biodiesel Catalyzed by
Nanocrystalline Calcium Oxides, Energ & Fuels., 20, 3, 1310-1314.

Satterfield, C.N., 1991, Heterogeneous Catalyst In Practice, Mc Graw-Hill Inc,

New York.

Sukmana, N.C., and Purwanti, E., 2010, Kalor Biodiesel Hasil Esterifikasi dengan
Katalis Asam Sitrat dan Transesterifikasi dengan Katalis Kalium
Hidroksida Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum), Prosiding
Tugas Akhir, Kimia, FMIPA, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November,
Surabaya.

Syah, A., 2006, Biodiesel Jarak Pagar: Bahan bakar Alternatif Ramah
Lingkungan, Edisi 3, Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta.

Triyono., 2000, Kimia Katalis, Universitas Gadjah Mada Press, Yogyakarta.

Umdu, E.S., 2008, Methyl Ester Production From Vegetable Oils on

Heteregeneous Basic Catalysts, Thesis, Graduate School of Engineering
and Sciences of İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey.

Yacob, A.R., Mustajab, M.K.A., and Samadi, N.S., 2009, Calcination

Temperature of Nano MgO Effect on Base Transesterification of Palm Oil,
World Academy of Science, Eng and Technol, 56, 408-412.

Yan, S., Dimaggio, C., Mohan, S., Kim, M., Salley, S.O., and Simon Ng, KY.,
2010, Advancements in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Biodiesel Synthesis,
J. Top.Catal., 53, 721-736.

Yoeswono., Triyono., and Tahir, I., 2008, Kinetics of Palm Oil Transesterification
in Methanol with Potassium Hydroxide as a Catalyst, Indo. J. Chem., 8, 2,
219-225.

53