Customer Satisfaction of Minimart in Davao city

A Business Research Presented to the College

Of Business Administration of the Rizal Memorial Colleges

F. Torres & Lopez Jaena Street, Davao City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

For the Course in Business Research 1

Villariasa, Richelle T

Nadela, Leziel P

2019
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Grocery stores are a destination for consumers who need to

purchase food and household products for both everyday use and special

occasions. The wide selection of products and brands, as well as high inventory

levels, allow consumers to shop the goods that their household may need for a

significant period of time. Minimart is a self-service shop offering a different variety

of food and household products it is organized into sections and shelves where the

costumers easily find the item what are they looking, which are in the small grocers,

also called mini grocery store this minimart usually located at the nearby the

houses or in the village, subdivision. Mini-mart which manages privately by the

owners and with limited services, these stores usually don’t have any branches.

This study is about customer satisfaction of Minimarts in Davao City to know the

level of customer satisfaction and to know which is of the 7p’s marketing has the

highest level of satisfaction.

The aim of this research which can become the base of future

knowledge that will be beneficial to both the customers and minimart owners. The

findings of this study can be utilized to improve marketing strategies in minimart

business. Business success in today’s competitive markets requires a high

understanding and respect of the customer. Customers are demanding, have more

money to spend and have a wide collection of goods and services to choose from.
To satisfy our customers, we must be able to listen to their feedback and improve

services and goods to keep of clients.

In United States, the convenience store industry continued to show its

resilience in 2014, growing steadily in number of retail outlets during in economy

still trying to finds feet. According to Nielsen (2015) convenience industry roughly

doubled in size over the three decades, at year end of 1984 the store count was

85,300 stores, at the year end of 1994 the store count was 98,200 stores and at

year end of 2004 the store count was 138,205 stores. In Davao City, mini-mart

stores with sizes of roughly 300 squares meters were built within subdivision and

residential communities. Pure Gold vice-president for operations Antonio E. Delos

Santos told on a briefing yesterday have some shoppers have big ticket purchases

or when they do planned shopping, they go to bigger store formats. There are also

instances that shoppers only have a short list of things to buy they don’t want

temptations we are addressing that a niche he said. The new store format is a far

cry from the hypermarkets, supermarket, and discounters that the pure gold

customer knew it is also different from the 24/7 convenience store venture is it

pursuing with Japans Lawson.

July 7, 2014 in today’s retail environment in the Philippines, going big

doesn’t guarantee big growth anymore. Similar to many markets, small store

formats like smaller supermarkets and convenience stores have expanded to

move closer to residential areas and high traffic areas to cater to shoppers’ busier

lifestyles. Propelling the growth of small format stores is the increasing influence

of four global megatrends which are supporting the growing consumer demand for
faster and more convenient shopping experiences—urbanization, women joining

the workforce, shrinking household size, and the rise of eating out. The flourishing

business process outsourcing (BPO) segment also stimulates the growth of this

retail channel.
 Statement of the problem

This study focus on customer satisfaction of minimart in Davao City. In

particular, this study attempts to find answers to the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents of Minimart in Davao City in

terms of?

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Civil Status

1.4 Occupation

1.5 Educational Attainment

2. What is the level of customer satisfaction on Minimart in terms of?

2.1 Product

2.2 Price

2.3 Place

2.3 Promotion

2.4 People

2.5 Processes

2.6 Physical evidence

3. Which of the 7 P’s of Marketing has the highest level of Satisfaction?

Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study is about the satisfaction of minimart customers in

Davao City. Specifically, this research also aims to determine the age, gender, civil

status, occupation and educational attainment of Minimart customers in

Davao City. Moreover the level of customer satisfaction to Minimart product quality,

product price, product accessibility, product promotion, and product advertisement

will also be ascertained by this paper. Finally the study will establish the

relationship between demographic profile and customer satisfaction of minimart in

Davao city.

Significance of the Study

This study is about the customer satisfaction at minimart in Davao City

which can become the base of future knowledge that will be beneficial to both the

customers and minimart owners. The findings of this study can be utilized to

improve marketing strategies in minimart business.

This study is beneficial to the following:

Customer. This study can help them appreciate the importance of Mini-

mart in their places.

Business Owners. This study can help them to gain more knowledge in

dealing with different business challenges as they do business management.

Future researchers. They can use this as a reference in creating their own

research. This may contain some ideas which is relevant to their study.
Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focuses on customer satisfaction on the Minimart in Davao city.

Focus in Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Processes, Physical Evidence.

This research will be conducted in District I, II, and III in Davao City through survey

questionnaire to be answered by the customers of minimart and the estimate

respondent’s target of the study is about 150 randomly selected in every district of

Davao City.
Definition of Terms

Product - regarding the service framework are the services that the

company will be providing to a customer.

Price - refers to the cost of the service that the customer must pay.

Place – It is physical address of business where your service professionals

interact with your customers

Promotion - of the service is what a lot of consulting companies focus on

in getting more clients.

People – in the framework represent the employees, consultants, and

freelancers who deliver the service to customers.

Processes - are the steps which are required to deliver the service to a

customer.

Physical evidence - is a combination of the environment and branding

where the service is provided to a customer by a service representative.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE AND THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

Related Literature and Studies

Overview:

Arief Prasetyo March 1, 2014 Minimart is a store that sells food and

household’s product it is mini that combining from smaller or shorter than the

standard size a very small self-service store with sizes of roughly 300 square

meters will be built within subdivisions and residential communities.

Product

Hitesh Bhasin September 27, 2018 the differentiated product enjoys a

distinction from other similar products/brands in the market. The differential

claimed may be ‘real’, with a real distinction on ingredient, quality, utility, or service,

or it may be ‘psychological’ brought about through subtle sales appeals.

As competition is increasing more and more, companies are coming out with

differentiated products so that they can have a USP to sell better and build

more customer value. The customized product Customer specific requirements

are taken into account while developing the product. Commonly practiced in the

industrial product marketing, where the manufacturer and the user are in direct

contact and the product gets customized to the requirements of the customer.

However, a couple of companies which have brought customization to even

customer levels are Harley Davidson and Royal Enfield, products which
customers love. The augmented product is the result of voluntary improvements

brought about by the manufacturer in order to enhance the value of the product,

which are neither suggested by the customer nor expected by them. The marketer

on his own augments the product, by adding an extra facility or an extra feature to

the product. This is most commonly observed in the Smart phone market wherein

more and more technology is being introduced just because the manufacturer is

capable of giving this technology. Many customers don’t even demand them. But

augmentation gives value to the products of the company. The potential product is

tomorrow’s product carrying with it all the improvements and finesse possible

under the given technological, economic and competitive condition. There are no

limits to the ‘potential product’. Only the technological and economic resources of

the firm set the limit. Virtual reality, which was a potential product is a reality now

and so is space travel which is going to a strong future product.

Bennett, Coleman 2019 a product needs to be relevant: the users must

have an immediate use for it. A product needs to be functionally able to do what it

is supposed to, and do it with a good quality. A Product needs to be communicated:

Users and potential users must know why they need to use it, what benefits they

can derive from it, and what it does difference it does to their lives. Advertising and

'brand building' best do this. A product needs a name: a name that people

remember and relate to. A product with a name becomes a brand. It helps it stand

out from the clutter of products and names. A product should be adaptable: with

trends, time and change in segments, the product should lend itself to adaptation

to make it more relevant and maintain its revenue stream. A product is the item
offered for sale. A product can be a service or an item. It can be physical or in

virtual or cyber form. Every product is made at a cost and each is sold at a price.

The price that can be charged depends on the market, the quality, the marketing

and the segment that is targeted. Each product has a useful life after which it needs

replacement, and a life cycle after which it has to be re-invented. In FMCG

parlance, a brand can be revamped, re-launched or extended to make it more

relevant to the segment and times, often keeping the product almost the same.

Simon Preece July 23, 2014 Consumer products brand design is wrongly

predicated on the notion that shoppers make rational, informed decisions. In truth,

most are purely instinctive and reactive. Eye-tracking studies show that consumers

read on average only seven words in an entire shopping trip, buying instinctively

by color, shape and familiarity of location. Best sellers succeed by appealing to the

reptilian brain, which decides before logic has a chance. Stand out, need to make

a brand the consumer’s signpost to the category. Just covering the shelf and

shouting louder than everyone else won’t cut it. You need a point of orientation on

the package that draws a shopper’s eye and communicates the essence of the

proposition. Be Simple, Simple design is more effective. In a busy, visually agitated

market, we so rarely experience moments of visual or auditory calm that we

gravitate toward it. Pass the five-year-old test. If you can describe your brand to a

five-year-old, send them into a store to find it, and actually get it, your packaging

creates an iconic connection. Consumers will come back week after week looking

for it. The key to this stickiness is a distinctive brand mark. Trigger emotional

engagement. Consumers act when a brand makes them feel something. When
someone looks at you, you’re compelled to look back to determine the nature of

the attraction. Create iconic assets. The best packaging creates a series of visual

equities, a sort of tool kit that can be transferred to every form of consumer

communication.

Price

Dana Griffin March 21, 2019 Penetration strategy offers new products and

services for prices far below their value at their initial offering, in an attempt to draw

customers away from competing businesses. To price products most effectively,

consider your cost/profit objectives, customers, the product's life cycle and your

competition. This strategy is the practice of setting an initial price much lower than

the eventual standard price. This strategy essentially represents a price war, going

for the deepest possible price cuts and aiming for your price to always be the

lowest on the market. Penetration pricing can bring new customers into your store,

increasing market share and building customer loyalty. Customers who are looking

for the best bargain will switch their loyalty to you if you can entice them with the

lowest prices. This strategy works best during a product's growth phase, since the

product already has a positive reputation. Use penetration pricing only if you need

an exceptionally low price to drawn attention from customers or to scare away

competitors. You will have the most success when the given product is mass-

produced since the cost per unit is usually lower. Your business must be able to

absorb any loss incurred when you slash prices, so make sure you have enough

reserve funds to keep the business afloat. To penetrate the market, a company

prices a product at a low introductory price P and they expect to sell a specific
amount of items A, so the expected revenue is P*A. Companies determine price P

based on price elasticity and marginal cost. Price elasticity measures how the

market responds to a price change. If a decrease in price spurs demand that

outweighs the lower price, revenue increases. At that point, demand is considered

price elastic. A price elastic market is required for penetration strategy to be

successful.

According to Krista Fabregas on December 1, 2017 how to price a product

can mean the difference between success and failure for a small business. Price

items too high and no one will buy, too low and you’ll struggle or even lose money.

Pricing strategies are a mix of art and science. On daily basis, mark up calculation

is what most small businesses, especially retailer’s use to price products. But your

bookkeeper or accountant, or accounting software is sure to mention profit margin.

If you dint know the difference between mark up and profit margin and use a

markup percent when asked for the profit margin percent, you’ll end up with bad

accounting numbers. So it’s important to understand about the markup percentage

and profit margin percentage are not the same and that the math to get to each

number is different. Studies have repeatedly shown that customers feel

a psychological pain of loss when they part with their money. But certain pricing

strategies actually alleviate this mental barrier and can even create perceived

value that drives more sales. Prices that end in odd numbers like 5 and 9 always

beat out prices that end in even numbers in these studies. It seems crazy to think

that pricing something 1-5 cents below a whole dollar amount makes customers

feel better about making a purchase.

 Amanda Cameron on June 7, 2018 says that a value-based on how much

value of customers place on a product. Even though mark up or margin might put

the product at a lower price, customers might be willing to pay more because of

their perceive a greater value based on experience with other products or

competitors.

Marketers appeal to consumers usually through higher and lower quality

prices Miyuri Shirai, 1 July 2014. The importance of price made it very sensitive

factor that influence consumer purchase decision, thus pricing decision has to be

harmonized with the rest of the marketing mix product, promotion and placement.

Price can be defined as the amount of money charged by a company in exchange

of its goods, services or an idea. It also refers to sum of all values that consumer

sacrifice to obtain the benefits of possessing or using a product or service.

Desirae Odjick May 28, 2018 says that pricing a products is one of the

cornerstone decisions you’ll make, because it impacts almost every aspect of

business. Your pricing is a deciding factor in everything from your cash flow, to

your profit margins, to which expenses you can afford to cover. That’s why it’s all

too easy to get stuck on pricing when you’re launching a new store or product, but

it’s important not to let the decision stop you from launching. The best pricing data

you can get is from launching and testing with real customers but you still need to

start somewhere, with a price that works. That’s what we’re tackling today in ask

shopify.
 Furthermore Lindsey Peacock January 8, 2019 setting the right prices for

your products is a balancing act. If a store prices products too low, it might see a

healthy stream of sales without turning any profit (and we all like to eat and pay

our bills, right?). But when products are priced too high, a retailer will likely see

fewer sales and “price out” more budget-conscious customers. Ultimately, retail

brands have to do their homework. Retailers have to consider factors like

production and business costs, revenue goals, and competitor pricing. Even then,

setting a retail price isn’t just pure math. In fact, that may be the most

straightforward step of the process. Choosing the right pricing strategy for your

brand many retailers benchmark their pricing decisions using keystone pricing

explained below, which is essentially doubling the cost of the product to set a

healthy profit margin. However, in many instances, you'll want to mark up your

products higher or lower, depending on your specific situation. As the name

suggests no pun intended, the MSRP is the price a manufacturer recommends

retailer’s use when selling a product. Manufacturers first started using MSRPs to

help standardize prices of products across multiple locations and retailers. A

simple mark-up formula this is a pricing strategy that retailers use as an easy rule

of thumb. Essentially, it’s when a retailer would simply double the wholesale cost

they paid for a product to determine the retail price. Now, there are a number of

scenarios in which keystone pricing may be too low, too high, or just right for your

business.
Place

Martin August 9, 2014 in the marketing mix, the process of moving products

from the producer to the intended user is called place. In other words, it is how the

product is bought and where it is bought. This movement could be through a

combination of intermediaries such as distributors, wholesalers and retailers. In

addition, a newer method is the internet which itself is a marketplace now. Through

the use of the right place, a company can increase sales and maintain these over

a longer period of time. In turn, this would mean a greater share of the market and

increased revenues and profits. Correct placement is a vital activity that is focused

on reaching the right target audience at the right time. It focuses on where the

business is located, where the target market is placed, how best to connect these

two, how to store goods in the interim and how to eventually transport them.

Kayla Dean December 26, 2017 the place or location where the event or

experience took place is more than just about the name of the place. It is also the

physical location of the place, the physical attributes, such as the urban setting of

crowds, pollution, public transit, traffic jams or the rural setting of open spaces,

fewer people, fields, farms, and small communities.

Promotion

Ajeet Mishra July 23, 2015 in a business, really need to understand the

importance of promotional and marketing strategies. Business promoting is an

active process which needs to be very closely scrutinized for obtaining the best

results. You can utilize the manpower that you have to fullest and come up

strategies to promote your business and let it flourish. Promotional strategies and
marketing go hand. Marketing the brand or product will include different aspects of

manufacturing, promoting and selling products to the customers. Promotion is the

key in putting across the benefits of your product or service to the customer. Well-

design marketing and promotional strategies ensure long-term success, bring in

more customers and ensure profitability for businesses.

Furthermore, Susan Ward January 15, 2019. Business promotion is

communicating with the public in an attempt to influence them toward buying your

products and/or services. Generally we promote our businesses, our products, and

our services by trying to bring them to the forefront of our target audience's

attention in the hope that they will act as we want them to see our product want to

buy our product. You might promote your business, product or service in person

through direct selling or in a retail store, via the internet through a website or social

media platform, electronically through email or text messaging SMS marketing,

just to name a few of the more popular business communication channels, but it's

the intention to influence the consumer that defines promotion and sets it apart

from other communication with customers and/or clients.

According to Emily Weisberg April 14, 2016 if they ever come out with a

new product or service, you know how tough it can be to get the word out. You

could be offering the best new product or service in the world, but if you don’t

promote it properly, you may end up losing money down the line. Here are some

creative ways to promote a new service or product for your small business. When

it comes to promoting a new product or service in a business, it can seem like there
are endless options. It can be difficult to figure out where to get started and which

methods of promotion will give you the best results. The truth is that there are many

ways to promote your business, and what works may depend in the business.

Moreover Kimberlee Leonard March 7, 2019 Product promotion is a

fundamental component of business marketing plan. Consider the sales venue and

the demographic when choosing which type of promotional product strategy will

be most effective. You might need to test more than one strategy to find the one

that result in the best sales and revenues. These examples of product promotional

strategies are universally adaptable to any business that sells products and too

many services.

People

Hitesh Bhasin December 31, 2017 the most successful companies put the

right people in the right job. But now, instead of companies which hire thousands

of employees, let us think of small businesses. The lesser the people, the more

their importance rises. People have the most important and the most critical job in

the world Customer service. People are so much under observation that even

sales departments are audited for the number of complaints escalated in a single

year. Most companies have got the clear message that the right hierarchy makes

a different to how the company is presented to the end customer.

 Mark Acutt 2019 People are important. In fact, without them, products will

not exist. Without them, no one would be responsible for selling and getting those

products out there. However, more often than not, the importance of people in

marketing is being neglected. This is due to the fact that not everyone is being

respectful of their customers. How many times have you seen establishments fail

because of the people who are running them? How many times have you noticed

restaurant staff not being attentive to their guests? To understand is that people

are the backbone of the company. Training will help the employees utilize their

skills and improve themselves in the best ways they could, and they also should

undergo Continuing Professional Development (CPD) classes so they could learn

more about marketing tactics, and how to deal with customers better. And, possibly

the biggest reason why people are important in marketing, and any type of

business, is the fact that they can help sell and promote your products.

Processes

Mark Silver December 4, 2014 the goals have to be set, the commitments

have to be made and the plans have and the plans to be created. After doing the

above jobs, you will be able to know if the objectives of the project have been

quantifiably met. You also need to define, capture and track the entire portfolio of

the projects. Consequently, the proposed project against the projects done in the

past. This will enable you to determine the changes which are needed in order to

give a new proposal for the best chance to succeed and not to repeat the past

problems. If the past has been documented for reference, you can learn from the
past. One of the failures of effective delivery process is lack of control. Most of the

people have realized that there is reaction for every action. However, the logic

goes out for some reasons when it comes to a project. For you to succeed, the

stakeholders of the product should fully understand that a change in timeline,

scope or budget of a project will produce a failed delivery process if the variables

are not subsequently adjusted. In addition to that, project managers are needs to

define a strong change of the control process which is embraced from the highest

to the lowest level. Even though it is not easy; your product will be delivered on

both time and budget.

Mark Acutt 2019 The marketing mix process talks about various kinds of

processes that one can use to market his products well. These include: Electronic

Processes. This includes the use of barcodes, receipts, and other forms or

graphics or logos, and the information about a product or a company that come

with them. This may also include the use of those codes that one can scan using

an app on his phone. It’s getting pretty popular these days, you see, and a lot of

people feel that it’s cool because it gives them a sense of virtual reality.

Technological Processes. This sounds vast, but basically, it’s about the process of

creating products that are tangible that your customers could really feel are theirs.

Not only should the manufacturer create products that he wants, he also should

keep in mind that the products he makes should be ones that would fulfill the

client’s needs. Direct Activities. Mostly, this is about the reactions of the clients as

they get to try your products, and how you feel about what they have said. Think
present time. That’s when direct activities happen. Indirect Activities. Meanwhile,

indirect activities talk about support that happens before, during, or after the

service has been given. In short, it is lengthy it may last for a lifetime.

Physical Evidence

This way, when people hear the name of company or of the products and

services that offer, a logo or image of the brand would easily come to mind. Like,

when you hear the words Google or Buzz feed, the logos of these companies

come to mind. There gets to be recall. And that’s something that should also aspire

for company. This means that if people easily to remember what all about, need to

be coherent with the logos and images, or the color patterns that use for packaging

and promotional materials. Also need to keep in mind that physical evidence isn’t

just about putting a logo out there, or giving away flyers or posters with graphics

that relate to company in it. Also need to make sure that somehow, the physical

environment of the office says a lot about what you’re trying to offer, too. Aside

from having functional space, ambience is also an example of physical evidence

that you need to work on considered as physical evidence because somehow,

when you add up what you have done to your space and on the issue of corporate

branding, it would all culminate to the ambience that your space would give.
Conceptual Framework

The variables of the study are explicit in the diagram presented in figure 1. In

the illustration the two variables are 1) age, gender, civil status, occupation

educational attainment, and 2) Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People

Processes and Physical Evidence. This variable will make consumer protect them

from any deficiency or defect of the products and also it gives as a standards and

a guide to buy products they need.

Product gives capacity to meet consumer needs and gives customer satisfaction

by improving the products and making them free from any deficiencies, Price

charges for a good or service and what the consumer is willing to give up to receive

a good or service, Place Placement or distribution is a very important part of

product mix to position and distribute the product in a place that is accessible to

potential buyers. Promotion an action taken by marketing with the intention of

encouraging the sale of the good or service to their target market. People An

essential ingredient to any service provision is the use of appropriate staff and

people. Customers make judgements and deliver perceptions of the appropriate

interpersonal skills, aptitude and service knowledge to provide the service that

customers are paying for. Processes the systems and processes of the minimarts

affect the execution of the service to make sure that well-tailored process in place

to minimize costs. Physical evidence is the element of the service mix which

allows the customers again to make a judgement on the organization. Customers

will make perceptions based on their sight of the service provisions, which will have

an impact on the organizations perceptual plan of the services.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Demographic Profile Level of Satisfaction
DV

Age Product

Income Price
Place
Gender
Promotion
Civil Status
People
Occupation Processes

Educational Attainment Physical evidence

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between the levels of customer satisfaction

of minimarts when grouped according to the demographic profile of the

respondents.
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Source of Data

The source of data for this study is the primary data taken from the

randomly selected customers of minimart in Davao City. Primary data is relevant

to the present study and collect by the researcher through communication methods

with the respondents. For this kind of data, survey techniques were used to answer

the research questions, which were based on a structure questionnaire. A survey

research is best method to answer the research questions and objectives of the

study.

Data Gathering Instrument

The data gathering instruments of this paper are survey questionnaires to

be administered randomly to the minimart customers in Davao City. The

researcher design a survey questionnaire which has two parts, where the first part

is about the demographic profile of the respondents and the second part measures

the customer level of satisfaction on the minimart product quality, product Price,

product accessibility, product promotion, and product services.

Sampling Techniques

This study will use random sampling technique, particularly the simple

random sampling of the minimarts customers in Davao City. It is a sampling

method that requires selecting samples base on a system of intervals in a

population. In addition, random sampling ensures that all samples in a population

are given equal chance of getting selected in the sample.

Procedure of the Study

A research proposal present to the College of Business Administration,

Rizal Memorial Colleges research panel for review, revision, before the researches

will do the data gathering. The study will be conduct to gather data of customer

satisfaction of minimart in Davao City through the interpretation of the data collect

among 150 costumers of minimart in Davao city. The research data gathered from

the randomly selected.

Data Analysis and Statistical Treatment

All needed data will be encode tallied, interpret analyze using descriptive

statistics such as frequency distribution, weighted average (mean), and the Cross

tabulation using statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).Inferential

statistics will be utilized, particularly the descriptive statistics that concerned with

frequency distribution and mean to describe the demographic profile of minimart

customers in Davao city.

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Amanda Cameron June 7, 2018 How to Price a Product.

Bennett, Coleman 2019Times Syndication Service Definition of 'Product'.

Dana Griffin March 21, 2019 Penetration Pricing Strategy.

Desirae Odjick May 28, 2018 How to Price Your Product: What you need to

know about Pricing before you Launch.

Emily Weisberg April 14, 2016. 9 Ways to promote product or service.

Hitesh Bhasin September 27, 2018 The 4 Types of products.

Hitesh Bhasin December 31, 2017 People in the marketing mix.

Kimberlee Leonard (March 7, 2019) Examples of Promotional Strategies in a

Product

Krista Fabregas on December 1, 2017 How to Price a Product – The Ultimate

Product Pricing Strategy Guide for Small Business.

Krista Angela M. Montealegre July 30, 2019 Mini-marts are in as retail giants

fight for bigger slice of market

Lindsey Peacock January 8, 2019 pricing strategy: 10 ways to find the Perfect

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Mark Acutt Copyright 2019 Marketing Mix – Process.

Mark Acutt Copy 2019 the marketing Mix – People.

Mark Acutt Copy 2019 Marketing Mix – Physical Evidence.

Martin August 9, 2014 Marketing Mix Place in Four P’s

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– 840.

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