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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

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International General Certificate of Secondary Education

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*6269099513*

GEOGRAPHY 0460/22
Paper 2 May/June 2010
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Ruler
Protractor
Plain paper
1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 2.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an
answer. For Examiner’s Use

The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Q1

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Q2
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question
or part question.
Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Total

This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.

DC (KN/CGW) 22823/3
© UCLES 2010 [Turn over
 2

1 The map extract is for Hwange West, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. For
Examiner’s
(a) Fig. 1 shows the positions of some features in the south of the map extract. Use

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
72 72
E

71 71

A
70 70

69 69
D
C

68 68
B

67 67
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

Fig. 1

Study the map and identify the following features shown on Fig. 1:

(i) the land use at A (4170);

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) the type of buildings at B (3967);

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) the type of road at C (4067, 4068, 4069);

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iv) the land use at D (4568, 4569);

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(v) the feature to keep the railway level at E.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

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(b) Look at the River Deka, the main river which crosses the map. For
Examiner’s
(i) Circle the word which describes the gradient of the river. Use

flat gentle steep very steep [1]

(ii) State the compass direction in which the river is flowing.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Describe other features of the river.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) State the six figure grid reference of the railway crossing of the River Deka.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Look at Mavinga Hill in grid square 4173.

(i) What is the height at the top of Mavinga Hill?

........................................................ metres [1]

(ii) What is on the top of the hill?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Describe the relief which would be crossed on a walk from the top of Mavinga Hill
due west to the gravel or earth road which crosses grid square 4173.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]

(iv) State the bearing, from grid north, from the top of Mavinga Hill to the top of Sikabala
Hill (467753).

....................................... degrees [1]

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(e) Look at the road between the junction at 404700 in Kamandama and the railway For
crossing at 459696 in Hwange. Measure the distance along the road. Give your answer Examiner’s
in metres. Use

........................................................ metres [1]

(f) Fig. 2 shows three grid squares.

42 43 44 45
71 71

70 70
42 43 44 45

Fig. 2

(i) Shade the grid square with the highest density of drainage. [1]

(ii) Using the correct symbol, draw on Fig. 2 the position of the largest mine dump in
the area. [1]

[Total: 20 marks]

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2 (a) Study Photographs A and B (Insert), which show two different types of housing in a city. For
Identify four differences between the types of building shown. Examiner’s
Use

Difference 1 .....................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

Difference 2 .....................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

Difference 3 .....................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

Difference 4 .....................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) What advantages would people gain from moving from the area in Photograph B to live
in the area shown in Photograph C (Insert)?

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 8 marks]

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3 (a) Study Fig. 3, which shows the climate at a place in the southern hemisphere and For
Table 1, which shows the data plotted on Fig. 3. Examiner’s
Use

30 30

temperature (°C)
temperature (°C)
25 25

20 20

15 15

75 75

rainfall (mm)
rainfall (mm)

50 50

25 25

0 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
months

Fig. 3

Table 1

month Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec total
temperature
27 26 25 23 19 17 17.5 20 22 24.6 26 27.4
(°C)
rainfall (mm) 55 53 50 25 8 3 0 0 0 5 14 37 250

(i) Using information in Table 1 complete the graph by adding:

• the temperature for June, [1]

• the rainfall for April. [1]

(ii) Use Table 1 to complete the description of the climate by circling the correct missing
information.

The annual temperature range is .......................... °C.

10 10.4 20 22.2

It has a total annual rainfall of 250 mm, which is a ................................. amount.

low moderate high very high

The rain falls ................................................. .

all year in the coolest season in the hottest season. [3]

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(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows the annual rainfall for the years from 2000 to 2008 at the For
same place as in Fig. 3 and Table 1. Examiner’s
Use

500 500

400 400
rainfall (mm)

rainfall (mm)
300 300

200 200

100 100

0 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
year

Fig. 4

(i) Draw a horizontal line across Fig. 4 at 250 mm and label it ‘mean annual rainfall’.
[1]

(ii) Between which year and the next year did the total rainfall change the most? Circle
the correct answer.

2000 and 2001 2001 and 2002 2003 and 2004 2004 and 2005 [1]

(iii) Explain why the information in Fig. 4 suggests that the mean annual rainfall is not a
very useful indicator of the expected rainfall of this place.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8 marks]

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4 Study Table 2 and Fig. 5, which give information about some types of weathering and some For
of the world’s climates. Examiner’s
Use

Table 2

Type of Name of Climatic

Process
weathering process requirements
frequent
temperature
water in cracks expands when it freezes,
....................... freeze-thaw fluctuations
widening and deepening the cracks
above and
below 0 °C

very hot days

the heated rock surface expands, causing
mechanical exfoliation and very
cracks parallel to the surface
cold nights

oxygen combines with ferric iron to form

heat and
chemical oxidation ferrous oxides (rust) which decompose, so
moisture
the rock crumbles

water combines with carbon to form carbonic

heat and
....................... carbonation acid which changes calcium into a soluble
moisture
form

dead plants and animals decompose,

producing acids which cause some minerals
heat and
biological in rocks to decompose
moisture
roots and animals penetrate into cracks in the
rocks, enlarging them

latitude climate
90° A – permanently frozen

B – low rainfall, cold winters and cool summers

C – hot desert – hot and dry all year

D – hot and wet all year

0°

Fig. 5

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(a) (i) Complete Table 2 by writing chemical and mechanical in the appropriate spaces. For
[1] Examiner’s
Use

(ii) Using the information in Table 2, complete Table 3 by writing freeze-thaw, exfoliation
and oxidation in the correct spaces.

Table 3

name of weathering process result of the weathering

............................................. thin, curved sheets of rock break off

............................................. angular blocks break off

............................................. rock crumbles into separate minerals

[3]

(b) Using information from Table 2 and Fig. 5, give the letter from Fig. 5 of the climate in
which

• the rates of biological and chemical weathering are greatest,

letter ................. [1]

• freeze-thaw is most important,

letter ................. [1]

• exfoliation is most important,

letter ................. [1]

• no weathering takes place.

letter ................. [1]

[Total: 8 marks]

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5 (a) Table 4 shows the approximate number of tourists who visited Tunisia in 1995 and For
2005. Examiner’s
Tunisia’s rank (position) amongst African countries for tourist arrivals in those years is Use

also given.
Table 4

year 1995 2005

African rank 2nd 3rd
tourist numbers 4 100 000 6 450 000

Fig. 6 shows the same information for the other top-ranked African countries.

1995 2005

Egypt
8.5 8.5

South Africa
8.0 8.0

7.5 7.5

7.0 7.0

Morocco
6.5 6.5

6.0 6.0
number of tourist visitors (millions)

number of tourist visitors (millions)

South Africa

5.5 5.5

5.0 5.0
Tunisia

4.5 4.5

4.0 4.0

3.5 3.5
Egypt

Morocco

3.0 3.0

2.5 2.5
Botswana

2.0 2.0
Kenya

Nigeria

1.5 1.5
Kenya

Botswana
Nigeria

1.0 1.0

0.5 0.5

0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
rank in 1995 rank in 2005
Fig. 6
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(i) Use the information in Table 4 to complete Fig. 6 for Tunisia in 2005. [1] For
Examiner’s
(ii) Which country had the largest number of tourist visitors in 1995? Use

................................................ [1]

(iii) Name the country which had the largest growth in tourist numbers between 1995
and 2005 and state the approximate increase in its visitor numbers over the ten
year period.

Country ………………….......................... Increase .............................................. [2]

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 12

(b) Study Fig. 7, which shows the location of the countries shown on Fig. 6. For
Examiner’s
Use
Europe

T Asia
M

B Key
M Morocco
0 1000 2000 T Tunisia
km E Egypt
SA K Kenya
B Botswana
All countries in N Nigeria
Europe are MEDC’s SA South Africa

Fig. 7

(i) How can their location help to explain why Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt receive
many more tourists than Botswana and Nigeria?

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Suggest one physical and one economic reason why countries which are near
neighbours may have large differences in tourist visitor numbers.

physical reason ........................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

economic reason ......................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 8 marks]

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6 (a) Fig. 8 shows two of the reasons why coral reefs are at risk. For
Examiner’s
Use
fishing
reasons for reefs under threat

Key
degree of
tourism expected damage

low
coastal development medium
high
marine-based pollution
very high

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
percentage of reef area

Fig. 8

(i) What is the greatest threat to the life of the coral reefs?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) What percentage of the reef area is at high risk from marine-based pollution?

........................% [1]

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(b) Look at Fig. 9, which gives information about an island and Fig. 10, which shows For
developments on the island. Examiner’s
Use

• tourism is the main economic activity

• the growth of tourism has led to a rise in construction industries
• there are only 25 sq km of reefs and all are threatened by human activities

Fig. 9

sea

sea

C sea
C

sea C
C
C
Key oil supplied by
tankers and
prevailing wind direction pipeline

C coral reef
0 2 4 N
sand km

low-rise settlement

high-rise hotel development

oil-fired power station
bird sanctuary and nature reserve

boat trips to the coral reef

Fig. 10

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Using only evidence from Fig. 10: For

Examiner’s
(i) state one way in which marine-based pollution (pollution which occurs at sea) is Use

likely to occur in this area;

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) explain why the oil-fired power station will not cause air pollution problems on the
island;

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii) explain how the location of the recent high-rise hotel development will cause noise
and visual pollution problems.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 8 marks]

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BLANK PAGE

Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 2 Photograph A © Muriel Fretwell © UCLES.

Question 2 Photograph B © Muriel Fretwell © UCLES.
Question 2 Photograph C © Muriel Fretwell © UCLES.
Question 5a Fig. 6 © www.nationmaster.com; 28/3/2009.

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2010 0460/22/M/J/10