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Determination of Total Organic Carbon Using Multivariate Regression Analysis and Wireline
Logs Method at Well X, West Timor, Indonesia.
1). Yurry Putra Nusantara* 2). Nailul Marom** 3). Anggi Yusriani* 4).Ario Budi Wicaksono*
Abstract
West Timor area has recently been targeted for
hydrocarbon exploration due to discovery in Masela Block.
Several oil and gas seeps discovered in southern of Timor
Island that indicate active petroleum system. Source rock is
the most important element in petroleum system.
Therefore, source rock evaluation must be conducted
including TOC measurement. Generally, TOC can be
measured by source rock evaluation instrument such as
LECO from core, sidewall core and cutting samples in
laboratory. But, the laboratory measurement are sometimes
limited by the availability of the rock samples from
borehole. There are several quantitative method for
determination of total organic carbon using well log data
including Carbolog, Issler, ∆logR and multivariate
regression. In this study, we using ∆logR and multivariate
regression method to measuring the TOC in Well –X, West
Timor.
The ∆logR method is based on log response (sonic log or
density and resistivity log) that overlaid to get baseline and
separation. This baseline and separation are used to
calculate organic matter content. Multivariate regression
analysis is a statistical method that can be used to analyze
data in which consist of one independent variable (TOC)
and two or more dependent variable (well log data).
Multivariate regression method will resulting a formula that
can be used to calculate organic matter content.
Based on ∆logR method, Wai Luli Equivalent has TOC
value ranging 0.34 – 4.09 wt%, Plover Equivalent has TOC
value ranging 0.052 – 5.39 wt% and Malita Equivalent has
TOC value ranging 0.01 – 5.45 wt%. While TOC from
multivariate regression method, Wai Luli Equivalent has
TOC value ranging 1.49-2.98wt%, Plover Equivalent has
0.28-3.7wt% and Malita Equivalent has 0.32-4.14wt%. The
results of both methods are validated by TOC values that
measured from laboratory analysis. The validation showed
TOC values from multivariate regression analysis are more
accurate than the TOC value from ∆logR method.
Introduction
West Timor area are targeted as exploration area in Eastern
Indonesia. Several oil seeps and exploration well are
located in West Timor (See Figure 1). One of the problem
in exploration is identification the potential source rock
especially the TOC value.
Regionally, petroleum system in West Timor area
summarized as below:
The main source rock of West Timor are shale dominated
from Late Triassic and Jurassic section (Malita Eq., Plover
Eq. and Wai Luli Eq.). The shale are interpreted as
transition to deepwater environment. Robertson (1998)
*) PPPTMGB “LEMIGAS”
**) PT. Geoservices (Ltd)
Recorded up to 8% TOC and hydrogen indices up to 396,
indicating oil prone oil prone kerogen with good to very
good source quality.
The most likely reservoir sequence in Timor is the Late
Triassic – Early Jurassic (Malita Eq. and Plover eq.). The
reservoir target of Well-X are marine sandstone of Late
Triassic sandstone and Early Jurassic marginal marine
sandstone with porosity 10% - 20%.and thickness 10 – 40
ft. MacDaaniel (1998) reported Early Jurassic sandstone
have permeabilities in range 600 – 10,000md
The seal to the Late Triassic -Early Jurassic potential
reservoir sandstones is Middle Jurassic shale of the Wai
Luli Formation. The Wai Luli Formation reportedly has a
stratigraphic thickness of up to about 1km in East Timor
(Audley-Charles, 1968), but in the well-x it was only about
100m.
This study is try collaborate wireline log data and result of
geochemical analysis to get TOC value information from
un sampled interval using ∆logR and multivariate
regression, to get more understanding of potential source
rock in West Timor area.
Data
Well-X are composed by two available data, including
wireline logs and rock samples (drill cutting, core and
SWC). Wireline logs consist of gamma ray log, sonic log,
density log, neutron log, resistivity log and PEF log. These
samples including cutting, core and SWC are performed by
geochemical analysis (TOC and Vitrinite Reflectance) to
determinate the potential of source rock quantitatively. The
objective of wireline logs data is to determinate TOC of
rock as a function resulting a correlation between them
Method
There are several methods for determination of total
organic carbon (TOC) , which include 1) directly
measurement organic carbon from samples at laboratory; 2)
∆logR technique presented by Passey et al (1990);
3)CARBOLOG technique presented by France Petroleum
Institute (1988);4) Statistical analysis, which include
multivariate regression analysis presented by Mendelson
(1985). Currently ∆logR technique is the most popular
approach and widely use. These methods that mention
above has an advantages and weaknesses depend on the
available data and the purpose of the study.
In this study, we using ∆logR technique (Passey et al,
1990) and multivariate regression for determination TOC
using wireline logs data. The result of these methods are
validated with TOC direct measurement from samples (drill
cutting, core and SWC).
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JOINT CONVENTION MALANG 2017, HAGI – IAGI – IAFMI- IATMI (JCM 2017)
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Figure 1: Wells and Seepage disribution in Timor island. West Timor still lack information of source rocks (Charlton,2001)
∆logR Method
Previous study suggest that density, sonic and neutron log
have direct correlation with TOC ( Liu and Chen,
2013).These three porosity well logs are overlay with
resistivity log to get separation and baseline. The baseline
from separation are used to calculate ∆logR. ∆logR
attributes based on the different well logs (Passey et al,
1990) :
∆logRdt = log(R/Rbaseline) + 0.02x(∆t-∆tbaseline)
∆logRNeu = log(R/Rbaseline) + 4.0 x (ΦN - ΦNbaseline)
∆logRden = log(R/Rbaseline) – 2.50 x (ρb – ρbaseline)
Notes :
∆logRdt : the amount of distance between the sonic and
resistivity logs
∆logRNeu: the amount of spacing between neutron and
resistivity logs
∆logRden : the amount of spacing between density and
resistivity logs
R : reading resistivity log
Δt : the time difference in sonic log
ρb : the density of the source rock
ΦN : neutron porosity on the reading log
Baseline : baseline values each porosity logs (sonic,
neutron and density)
Then, ∆logR are converted into TOC using level of organic
matter (LOM) from vitrinte reflectance data:
TOC = ∆logR x 10(2.297-0.1688*LOM)
Multivariate Regression
Multivariate regression is one of the statistical analysis
which consist of multiple independent variable and
dependent variable. These independent variable and
dependent variable are correlated. The purpose of this
analysis to determine the impact of multiple independent
variables presented simultaneously to predict dependent
variable.
Multivariate regression model can be expressed as a
function below:
PROCEEDINGS
JOINT CONVENTION MALANG 2017, HAGI – IAGI – IAFMI- IATMI (JCM 2017)
Ijen Suites Hotel, Malang, September 25 – 28, 2017
Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3+... + bnXn
Notes :
Y : dependent variables
a : intercept
b : slope
X : independent variable
e : error value
In this study, TOC are considered as dependent variable
and wireline logs are considered as independent variables.
Wireline logs data that used to conduct multivariate
regression are gamma ray log, sonic log, density log,
neutron log and PEF log. These data can be used because
there have correlation with TOC. Resistivity log can not be
used for this analysis because resistivity log is good
indicator for maturity level and bad indicator for TOC
measurement (Maizar, 2014). The result of this analysis is
the function that can be calculated to determine TOC value.
Results and Discussion
Passey (1990) explained that there are 3 method to get TOC
form log. First ∆logR using resistivity – sonic lg, second
using resistivity – density log and thrid using resistivity –
neutron log. Those three methods have been applied in
Well-X. TOC value from ∆logR using resistivity – sonic
show the best fit with TOC value from laboratoy analysis.
TOC value from ∆logR of Wai Luli Equivalent is in range
0.34 – 4.09 wt%, Plover Equivalent has TOC value ranging
0.052 – 5.39 wt% and Malita Equivalent has TOC value
ranging 0.01 – 5.45 wt%.
Figure 3: TOC value of ∆logR analysis and Multivariate Regression Analysis comapare with TOC value from sample
measurement.
Multivriate regression using the best fit formula:
TOC = (0.022832*GR) – (0.03485*DT) +
(0.48009*RHOB) + (1.369718*NPHI) + (0.043705*PEF)
TOC value from multivariate regression of Wai Luli
Equivalent has TOC value ranging 1.49-2.98wt%, Plover
Equivalent has 0.28-3.7wt% and Malita Equivalent has
0.32-4.14wt%.
The result of ∆logR and multivariate regression method
then validated by TOC value from laboratory analysis as
presented in Figure 2. Form the Figure 2 we can see that
multivariate regression has better correlation with
laboratory result qualitatively. Based on succes rate of both
method show that multivariate regression has higher value
than ∆logR. Thus, multivariate regression method has
better correlation with laboratory result either qualitatively
or quantitively.
Conclusions
 ∆logR of Wai Luli Equivalent is in range 0.34 – 4.09
wt%, Plover Equivalent has TOC value ranging 0.052 –
5.39 wt% and Malita Equivalent has TOC value
ranging 0.01 – 5.45 wt%.
 TOC value from multivariate regression of Wai Luli
Equivalent has TOC value ranging 1.49-2.98wt%,
Plover Equivalent has 0.28-3.7wt% and Malita
Equivalent has 0.32-4.14wt%.
 Multivariate regression method has better correlation
with laboratory result either qualitatively or
quantitively.
PROCEEDINGS
JOINT CONVENTION MALANG 2017, HAGI – IAGI – IAFMI- IATMI (JCM 2017)
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References

Charlton, T.R., 2001, The Petroleum Potential of West

Timor, Proceeding Indonesia Petroleum Association,
28, 301-317.
Liu, Y., Chen, Z 2013,Quantifying Total Organic Carbon
(TOC) from Well Logs Using Support Vector
Regression, GeoConvention 2013, 1-6.
Maizar, N. T., 2014, thesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Mendelson, J., 1985, Petroleum Source Rock Logging,
Report Earth Resources Laboratory, Department of
Earth, Atmospheric, Planetary Sciences, Cambridges,
253-329.
Passey, Q.R., Creamy, S., Kulla J.B., Moretti, F.J., Strout,
J.D.,1990, A Practical Model for Organic Richness
from Porosity and Resistivity Logs, The American
Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin, 74, 1777-
1794
Robertson [P.T. Robertson Utama Indonesia], 1998, Timor
Sea: Mesozoic Source Rock Distribution and
Paleoenvironments. Non-exclusive study, unpublished.

Acknowledgements
My thanks to Nadya Triana Maizar (Universitas Gadjah
Mada) for discussion about multivariate logistic analysis
and PPPTMGB “LEMIGAS’ and PT. Geoservices for data
and support including geochemical data and report.