054 University of Moratuwa ' Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering BSc Engineering Semester 4 Examination 2014 EE 2083 Power Systems IT Time allowed: Two Hours ONLY April 2014 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES This paper contains 4 questions and 5 pages. Answer all the questions. This is a closed book examination. The examination accounts for 60% of the module assessment. The total mark attainable is 100, The marks assigned for each question and sections thereof are indicated in square brackets. ‘Assume reasonable values for any essential data not given in or with the examination paper. Clearly state such assumptions made on the scripts. If you have any doubts to the interpretation of the wordin, i ou ig of a question, make decision, but clearly state it on the script. ees- ‘Question 1 What is the effect of unsymmetrical spacing of conductors in a3-phase transmission line a). What s the ef b). What is skin effect? Why is it absent in the de system {20 marks} ©) Consider @ single phase line consisting of two composite conductors x and y a5 shown in the figure. The current is equally divided among the sub-conductors, coro oo O, m:no of conductors n:no of conductors ee ae I: Current 2 10-%in{ 222] H/m ‘Show that inductance of the x conductor (ly [40 marks} 4), Show thatthe capacitance to neutral ofa sirge phase twowir line shown is C = Zt w u ee nd {40 marks} ‘Question 2 a) |. What is corona effect in power system lines? I, What are the advantages of having bundled conductors in transmission lines [20 marks) b) A transmission line has a span of 150 m between level supports. The conductor has a cross- sectional area of 2 cm”. The tension in the conductor is 2000 kg. If the specific gravity of the[40 marks} Jow. The conductors nd capacitance per < the figure bel ) 500 kv three phase transposed line isshown in Pets dacete of 3.36 cn aed» GMA of 1.332 cn. Fel the Inca » ‘phase per kilometer of the line. (1 inct=2.5 cm) iO n-5_O— ps =) Dis = 70 [40 marks} Question 3 '2) As shown in Figure Q3(2), a factory installation is supplied by the grid and supplemented by @ local generator. Considering 100 MVA as the base power, draw the per-unit equivalent diagram ‘and find the fault level at bus C. [30 marks) 11kV . X,20.15 pul Figure 03(a) b) Prove that'for a solid line to line to ground (L--G) fault the se quence networks connected in parallel. oe . (20 marks} ) Consider the system shown in Figure 3(c). The generator in this system is connected to : transmission line through a delta-star transformer. The other end of the transmission line is ‘connected to a star-detta transformer. Starpoints of both transformers are earthed.‘The following impedances are given on 100 MVA base. Zero sequence | Positive sequence | Negative sequence impedance/(p.u.) | impedance /(p.u)_|_impedance Mp.) “ime ‘Generator 0.1} 0.25) 0.15) ’ ‘Transformer O.aj 0.1) Oj Transmission fine | 1.5} 06) 06j Using the proof in part b), calculate the fault current (in Amperes) for a solid L-L-G fault occurred at the mid-point of the transmission line. [50 marks} ‘Question 4 a) Discuss the benefits of conducting load flow studies. [15 marks) b) The following data is given for a two bus system. 05 £0°p.u, | Bus B (load bus): Active power = 5 MW, Reactive power= 25 MVAr 1 Bus A (slack bus): Voltage = Line pedance between Aand B = (0.1+0.2)) p.. Consider 100 MVA as the base power and find the followings using the Gauss-Seidel method. |, The voltage of bus B after the first iteration with the accuracy up to three decimal points [30 marks} I, The active and reactive power injected at bus A. ' [40 marks] : —- c) List three advantages of the Newton Raphson method over the Gauss-Seidel method. 5 (45 marks)system in Fi ‘this system is star connected and the star Q der the in Fig, 1. The stator ofthe generator int aoe ie softly earthed. Atte end ofthe Tne set here is a three-phase to earth fault, Calculate The eurrent in the earth lop by following the steps (i ‘and (it). Choose 1 MVA for Snaw- 1 MVA X1=0.16 pu — 11k 630 KVA 8% OSKV j200 & Fault Fig.1 and draw a per unit diagram for the system (i) Convert all the impedances into per unit quentities inFig. | (Gi) Calculate the earth fault current in per unit. iiiyCaleulate the base current and hence the earth fault cure transformer. cent in Amperes on 11 kV side of the @. line to ground fault and the fault eurrent of nedances, respectively. Assume that (i) Show that the ratio of the fault current of asing ‘a three-phase to earth fault at a generator terminal 5» Where Xi, Xo and Xo are positive, negative and zero sequence generat the fault impedance is zero. (ii) Two 100 MVA 12.5 kV solidly grounded synchronous generators are connected to each other through their own 100 MVA 10% transformer at a common 132 kV busbar. The positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of each generator are 0.2 p.u. 0.2 pau, and 0.1 pt, respectively. Primary and secondary windings of both transformers are star connected and solidly grounded at their star points. Calculate the fault currents at the 132 kV busbar for a 4) Three-phase to earth fault Single line to ground faultrchronous generstors are connected through line sections 33/11 Q3. Two 200 MVA, 33KV identical 5 KV, 100 MVA transformers as shown in Fig 2. The following data is given on 100 MVA base 1, and 0.15 0 Positive, negative and zero sequence reactance of the line are 0.35 p. respectively Positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of the generators are 0 pau, 0.25 pu and 0.1 pu, respectively Both generators are grounded through 2 0.15 p.u reactance. Transformers are star-star connec transformers is 8% and star points are solidly earthed. Leakage reactance of Ifa fault occurs at point A, calculate the fault current f ving two ca (Three phase to earth fault when the bus c i Gi) Single line to ground fault when the b