Dra.

Nancy Castillo

FORMULARIO DE TERMODINAMICA

𝑇 𝑉
𝑄 = ∆𝑈 − 𝑊 ∆𝑆𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 𝑛𝐶𝑣 ln (𝑇2 ) + 𝑛𝑅 ln (𝑉2 )
1 1

𝑃1
ln ( )
𝑃2 𝑉2 𝑃2
Aplicable para cualquier ∆𝑈 = 𝑛𝐶𝑣(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) ∆𝑆𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 𝑛𝐶𝑣 ln ( ) + 𝑛𝐶𝑝 ln ( )
𝑃1 𝑉1
𝛿= 𝑉2
ln ( )
𝑉1

𝑇 𝑃
Proceso ∆𝐻 = 𝑛𝐶𝑝(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) ∆𝑆𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 𝑛𝐶𝑝 ln ( 2 ) − 𝑛𝑅 ln ( 2) Coeficiente
𝑇1 𝑃1
Poli trópico
2𝛿 𝑄𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝐶𝑝 = 𝐶𝑣 − 𝑅 ∆𝑆 = ∫1
𝑇

PROCESO Q W ECUACION
ISOTERMICO 𝑄 = −𝑊 𝑉 LEY DE BOYLE
𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ln 2
𝑻 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 ∆𝑈 = 0 𝑉1 𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2
𝜹=𝟏 ∆𝐻 = 0 𝑃
𝑊 = 𝑁𝑅𝑇 ln 1
𝑃2
ISOMETRICO LEY DE GAY LUSSAC
𝑽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝑄 = ∆𝑈 𝑊=0 𝑃1 𝑃2
=
𝜹=∞ 𝑇1 𝑇2
ISOBARICO LEY DE CHARLES
𝑷 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝑄 = ∆𝐻 𝑊 = 𝑃(𝑉2 − 𝑉1 ) ∗ 100 𝑉1 𝑉2
=
𝜹=𝟎 𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) 𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑊 = ∆𝑈 − ∆𝐻
𝛾−1
𝑇2 𝑉1 𝑘−1 𝑃𝑓 𝛾
𝑊 = ∆𝑈 ( )=( ) =[ ]
𝑄=0 𝑛𝑅(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) 𝑇1 𝑉2 𝑃𝑖
𝑊= 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝛾 = 𝑃2 𝑉2 𝛾
𝛾−1
𝑃2 𝑉2 − 𝑃1 𝑉1
𝑊= ∗ 100 𝛾−1
ADIABATICO 𝛾−1 𝑃𝑓 𝛾
𝑸=𝟎 𝑇𝑓
[ ] = [ 𝑃𝑖 ]
𝜹 = 𝜸 𝑇𝑖
𝑪𝒑
𝜸= 𝛾
𝑪𝒗 𝑇𝑓 𝛾−1 𝑃𝑓
[ ] =
𝑇𝑖 𝑃𝑖
𝑃2 𝑉2 − 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝛾−1
𝑊= ∗ 100 𝑇2 𝑉1 𝑘−1 𝑃𝑓 𝛾
𝑄 = ∆𝑈 − 𝑊 𝑘−1 ( )=( ) =[ ]
POLITROPICO 𝑛𝑅(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) 𝑇1 𝑉2 𝑃𝑖
𝑊=
𝜹=𝒌 𝑘−1
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝛾 = 𝑃2 𝑉2 𝛾
𝛾
𝑇𝑓 𝛾−1 𝑃𝑓
[ ] =
𝑇𝑖 𝑃𝑖
𝛾−1
𝑇𝑓 𝑃𝑓 𝛾
[ ]=[ ]
𝑇𝑖 𝑃𝑖
TIPO DE GAS 𝑲𝒋 𝑲𝒋 𝜸
𝑪𝒗 ( ) 𝑪𝒑 ( ) 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒐 𝒔𝒆 𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒐
𝑲𝒎𝒐𝒍 − 𝑲 𝑲𝒎𝒐𝒍 − 𝑲 ( )
𝑨𝑫𝑰𝑨𝑩𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑪𝑶
MONOATOMICO 3 5 1.67
𝑅 = 12.471 𝑅 = 20.785
(𝑯𝒆, 𝑨𝒓, 𝑲𝒓, 𝑿𝒆, 𝑹𝒏) 2 2
DIATOMICO 5 7 1.4
𝑅 = 20.785 𝑅 = 29.099
(𝑵𝟐 , 𝑯𝟐 , 𝑶𝟐 , 𝑪𝑶) 2 2
MAQUINA TERMICA MAQUINA FRIGORIFICA

𝑊𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 ∑ 𝑄𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑜
𝜂=| 100| 𝛽=| |
∑ 𝑄𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑊𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜

𝑊𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜 |∑ 𝑄 +|
𝜂=| 100| 𝛽=
∑𝑄 + 𝑊𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜

𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜
𝜂 = [1 − | |] ∗ 100 1
𝑄𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝛽=| 𝑇 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎
|
| |−1
𝑇 𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑎
𝑇 𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑎
𝜂 = [1 − | |] ∗ 100
𝑇 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎 1
𝛽=| 𝑄 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝 |
| |−1
𝑄𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝 𝑄 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟
| |= | | 𝑄𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝 𝑄𝑎𝑏𝑠
𝑇𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎 𝑇𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑎 | |=| |
𝑇𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎 𝑇𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑎

𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝟑
𝑹 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟏𝟒
𝑲𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝒌
〈𝑷, 𝑻, 𝑽, 𝒏〉 𝑄(−)

𝑲𝒋
𝑹 = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 〈𝑸, 𝑾, ∆𝑼, ∆𝑯 𝒚 ∆𝑺〉 𝑊(+) 𝑊(−)
𝑲𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝒌
𝑊(+)

𝟏𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒎𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑲𝑱

LEY DE DALTON
𝑄(+)
𝑛𝑅𝑇
𝑃= T,V son contantes 𝑃1 +
𝑉 Análisis
𝑅𝑇
𝑃2 + 𝑃3 = (𝑛1 + 𝑛2 + 𝑛3 ) 𝑉
𝑚 = 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 + 𝑚3 … … … . 𝑚𝑛
𝑃 = ∑ 𝑃𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 un componente
𝑃𝑖
Fracción masa
𝑦𝑖 =
𝑃
𝑚𝑖 𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚3 𝑚𝑘
𝐹𝑚𝑖 = + + + =1 ∑ 𝑓𝑚 = 1
LEY DE AMAGAT 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚

Volúmenes parciales T,V constantes Análisis molar

𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑛 = 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 + 𝑛3……… +𝑛𝑘

𝑉=
𝑃
Fracción mol
𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3= (𝑛1 + 𝑛2 + 𝑛3 )
𝑛𝑖 𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛3 𝑛𝑘
𝑦𝑖 = + + − =1 ∑ 𝑦𝑖 = 1
𝑉𝑖 = 𝑦𝑖𝑉 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

𝑛1 𝑃𝑖 𝑉𝑖 Peso molecular promedio o

= = = 𝑦𝑖
𝑛 𝑃 𝑣
𝑚𝑖 𝑚
𝑛𝑖 = 𝑚𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎
𝑃𝑀𝑖 𝑃𝑀𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚