OILS AND FATS = a « DEFINITION. OF OLS AND. FATS : _ Ean one called atycerides ? fom puto ya cs ra CH, OH CH, 00cR, a OH = +3RCOOH ——-> CH OoCR + 3H,0 | CH, OH CH, COCR (GLyceRot) — (FATTY.ACID) (TRI- GLYCERIDE) "R "enay be. same a dipereme. NOTE: G ides Contam three acd - « MONOGLYCERIDES, DIGLYCERIDES D TRIGLYCERIDES: A whan Of fatty ads mr Which : 6 attached fe. 1b hack, meee Asplaced. ig de fe te leclias called md Sma armeuml: 6 menor glycericles aecur mokurallyre CH, OH CH, OOOR | Cito + RCooH —— + yh OH + HO CH,OH CH, OH : (MONO GLYCERIDE ) + DIGLYCERIDES Gqlyceuictes contaurr thuo fatty acid medical amd ene 33" On these two _OH ae hacoiged the “4 “on —o0ce CH, —OH | CH,—oocR “R” be kame or e TRIGLYCERIDES denct. Conk ei jee on goup we ie gasp ppd gongs eid faulty ace « CH, OCR, CH —O0OCR li, — 00cR "Ramay be sore or dipfereme. SIMPLE TRI-GLYCERIDES: the three accds (which has ) eckonified the Jone knne, ee hk Gtyorede 6 called tu -gliporide ego FH — 000 = Cp H33 CH = _ lei pa ooc Cy H33 OF ) CH, — 006 — Cry Ha;@ *MIXED.GLYCERIDES : J the thre ccs (oh has edtrritged otoed tt -gigode. egy y H—-c— ole. acid group CHa 00C~C)7H33 4) H -c — palmitic cal woup = GH — 000—Gs Hay ! Poe ain prlemice cucu. guoarb CH, — 00C— Cig H3, H (4- Ceo ifaw) =x y-é— oleic awsid group CHa 006~Crr Hag 2 polomitcc aad axoup — CH— 006 Cie Hy / H— i Manat, avid gaup Cts 000 Cy Hs . Gipcl a cld gupesine (Eble. tna . ane fatty acids ? chet. carborytic acids are cortted acids Jenga shel pn find le R- ¢—on ¢ acted ) a a p- eon +R-OH ——> R- Corn +H. (CARBOXYLIC ActD). CALCOHOL) (ESTER)oO . a Hl ° CH_OH R~C-OCH, BR—C—OH + fdiea — Rion + 3HO CH,OH 9 | R- G—-OCH, (Farry aud) — (GLycerot) ° (TRIGLYCERIDE) B Typo ity oni oad Calse Age p: % ume 1g). b) Un- datkuracted + Thee which cota one more deuble bonds mv their fauthy ads Saturated. ands — Formula Comers hourte Butyrce Mik Valence aud C4 Hq COOH pata “ Capteic ovaldl CoH, COOH | — Milk fat» Aced ode Carpiylic acd Cy tie CooH ” , heed oul Capit. ace. Cq Hyg. COOH amides oi Laure acrd Cy H23 COOH Pe Re Mypcdic ove Cig Hy COOH folly amd ceconuk ois Polumitie aced Cis H3) COOH _ pole oct Seance ocd C17 H35 CooH arnumad oul, Arachidic oud u Unanturated. acids Formule Gran spunea. ‘ Q Cq Hz COOH Milk fat, Mykar Le aid Cig Has- COOH 4 y feed faut,- AS Fats & Marie oils Palemikolere acid. CycH,gCooH Clee .accd C7 -H33 COOH ALL foal Boch (nearly ) Umetece acd C17 Hay COOH Met otly Limelende aced C17 Hg COOH | Lnteedout, of, 2 Canela of Anachiolence aud Ciq Hs) COOH — . Fatty acds sometimes & by the mo. 6 carbory atten. hy the Chon by ov colle amd additisnarl murmber the mo. dawble bonds. eee Cia 0. Aeucaud & CI8: 1. Lincleccand & C8: 2 Limclemicand 4 C198: 3 + Mote than 90%, of the foubly actos hame ary Cerny m0. of carbon atoms. + USUAL CARbON CHAIN OF OF FATTY ACIDS : estenut of eantournw auds petite pean ry ‘wad? be im a By ep L ieee - No, cits and “This ok conkaurns “0. ane oud, 9.1% Werasad linalece other. ands m small Eo err Mare ares Tears uno differmee betueen arv of amd.o. fab ar far as Chommicak prsperties ars concent Howeuer pind6 - be abinimed.. _— “aes on © Cheer Gampaaaline ) ars There melting ee ee then hae ema on im hurr Oe a ae rected pe ee pale % dalanated, ay ac “Uimaeed. Sf contri C18: 1, C19:2, Cl@:3 a Goa etlondsas Ca un Zatusation) te lange propsstions a Talon (o.fot) contauns C16: 0 (palmitic. owl), CI8:0, Cig: G4 289, 18-9 and, 36-0 7%. . ee ee. be a aime Bice aifetmt ao sills tua owas Poon fatty + SOME. PROPERTIE oe OILS AND FATS: 1) Oi amd. fos are mon — vaatile Uiquils amd. solids . b) Thay one Cham, waker, ©) are Mractuble tr coker, Aatk Readily salable bergine os, th, ethos. of. d) They Rourero tate, mo chlrus.,mo odour. vn. pure cba. e) fore emulation, or. hamageminakion . Lo er eden ater why Some. gine odour? Natauro cour 8}. S>. amd. tao ( eg.» butler, ocont ou, ican ene oceania egwo dai ketixh tw cose.64. uber . : Sharp prmelt 9 the onuctard olf ( J2 Var“) 5. dus to the H abliyk Wwethi (CH, = CHCH,.NCS). SSIFICATION OF OILS ( FATTY ACID OILS): We hacused the wad goety actd ot. Untertuma - telly the tem of 6 alto ed. te wiaceus omen ~ caucty emakeriols Auch as enentcal cE at env. mink Oh Uy amimal ol maume oly ore wn vu Thude are tivo bad lanivcabiona fev the fab. amd, als 1) a). edible otlo b) In-edible ou ° a 2) a) Nondning ot 5 0) Sonn ating a ¢) Sytng 0G «Edible, Akamda for eakabe. The Vous edie otls, Cattery seed» Cine y y corti 4 : hydvegenaked ob, whl be Eine. Smite i OMEN § Cmuanae 6 edie i wiv edille aire. palm oil tallow, cocmuk ol, ured anakng : » NON=DRYING OILS: i . - Sry there corber cham 1 Aaturatedamd oils arr qut Malle at ocdimery timbpeacree, fark wuacour ok higher NOTE: . . Caste, ok ts used. vi hoch emaking Ctarmifarent), eather~SEMI— DRYING OILS: _ wv eeeHANOM OF DR OF DRYING no PRoces ‘steps: D Ongprnc prrenides are fovmed. an av eee 6 1 nondter climate. to env dtperemt: types % fn re gh cate cfd =) ovidakirw polite leading & gel mation pS pornted 1 ee caer manface eg es butte. il. + How LEE jos ati oon the bs Saline velut4 ~ Sodiione..veiline isc. emacninn 4 the degree of: value, Ur howe a) daizing of LV > 130 — dying of LV between 90 amd 130 - ding aif LV < 4 aadine vata Be oo siceunstel latex «What heachons take tw ima? Poa oP pepe ee oe Fe on Chglaup peronides wRcch, See yo oe on tue cH(CH,), €- on —r_, LINOLEIC. ACID ‘wl ' 1 B > CH= CH-C— CH-CH —CH=CH-C—CH= CH GLY MERRE ” | 5 O-O-H --CH- CHB CH-CH - Pasaniog _ Benen ere (- eee + The lmoteoulas wuiphe blew (C3 Hs) tu Stee an ary Thus kat Seeds conn ate 44 96) the tatok werght the Sih ome the halter the gtycomdes, be faba ee ic peal i tee ns '- = (lo. » VEGETABLE OILS: These oils whese Jource Us Ham seed. ot (unit eke. ane . ane Anferene Ominmnrak oly as animal oth are Baked prom aminnak MOUrce + + Exannples mechude . meg 1) couter ok 4) Coun of 2) CottervAged otf 15). Flaseed it (limrend) 3). Coton of 16) on Ko pokcced 4) otf 17) penillaseed otf 3 hbepuesd 0 19) Kesar toed tt 6) pode ou 7) peanut otf 8) Aabesced oe ) tumg of 1) iu of 1) Umseed of (Kanseed ) 2) ou . 13) Ang flourer of +GENERAL METHODS FOR MANUFACTURE OF VEGETABLE OILS. rat LRU be wap tae ols: b) Buuemt extraction - «The ASluent enhackion method > watdelag used. « A tombination 8%, the tino comalio be dene. _eee - ob. + High, ott conbemt seeds, Auch, a cotton, Aeedn are. emamurgackined. uring eneprentons OA. WwehL as. Aflusmt mae te ow yd. + MANUFACTURE OF COTTON SEED OIL: Manufacture 6 cotter, heed U done uring bet hu. u » STEPS: ve — Cotten Agedio ane Cleaned by Acreeniu cond. curpiveretons — Pebinted’ seeds are cut oma Aplit vin a hubler, Where meak — Te meatts are rolled nko the. ftim o% Anmalh Hakes. , —_ TRe moat Hakes one cooked ad about NO°C. fer cubout Qo mur. — The ceeked’ or comditionsd Catton Azed Us then uke cmachamical Sevan bones. Here abeut |7e0—2ec0 c phamne, ste UY 2 . fe — The oil talin cut , dercemed, tooled , feiterrd and scored fr Aafinimg . Themethed Aecsucrs qo~ 9% ou. - — The cake rom the Acrew can be subyected to eluant _ecbaction to recornthe Aercduok exh (ufle 984). + Onitead using mechernicok Acx2u0 a eee en, hydraulic preaten (eal ured ) may tty. + The coke pomthe Anew Cow be OA pound, amd used os cattle feed if furthur enhraction mat done. - Hah img the meat cam, olro be ured « MANUFACTURE OF SOYABEAN OIL BY SOLVENT UXTRACTION: « STEPS: an 8cB — Cleamed weighed seeds are oumvred ml the ca oi — The Cuuhed mateuatl then Cocked o cenditloned at low Cem . — The cushool makemal § then Aplled rite thin s amd slowly charged into a, Adluuent encbrarcker , whch Ce arth cd anges. \ MAB. . wp The enchractot ornts oy ov rurmber. of boakiebs oruouing ti a Croufor, werticak ot herigental durcckion . Sfuuimk ve ark cordemredt at the tb. Recorneol suonk OS be rome agoton, . SAuuume exckraction acer 98 %,. + Sovents useo : 80 te Vey, uMing expresion. Urucrkly used suit ts hexane’ (ov Askmony X Wut ov bp. of 65 te 68°C that coriiats of 4a ts 787 fraction, av —honame uty balance hang Abeuk — Chain, homologs Sat edoskel soppy alorhed E u ane cotta attactiane « NOTE: prsitee Cn ee hacen (Adwime) & inte on AUSTIN, G.T.: ShAeuls Chemical aces Indurtries, Sth ed, MeGnoud- Hat Boek Co, 19 .(13 What ®& meant by the wad RBD? Aer exhackdovert ts trated to Aomour Urepuaikies » Colour arad. odour, amd Acckurated Les . The aude Mepetalle oko unially rrvesre oLhake Aektmimg , Heaching , deedeuriation ee. Thus RBDG Regimedt; | 3 Desdourised of. What @ Aetining Ung ? The fee forty aucicle present Ww the unde vegetable oils ane meukrolized with caurretoclor , Y which are Romoued U : Ferg tm keke tea be | atkaki” (method (Aegeramg ing). | What Bleaching ? The olloare Heached with on adanbents , eg: aeliccn ae ; fulle’s arth, ackeuated charcerk or Chay. Hower bet § activakecl Corkm (oborceat). Fev bleachiong » flonely foroclered avckrecbent to added te the heated vit after abot hefining.. Te pacer i dene. praferaly i Blaxched off U Mabgected, 6 descdlourinakion img eon, heaked of or under pa td Roe tung 28 iw Honda 40 - Sen’F. what § inakion 2 Wuntericakien 6 the kemoual 51 aakurateda4 ides which com, cpitated dusing uimker. The + Cater of & token from the seed (S0% of) beams@s-ss7) + Olue of 5 the puik of obuetrer. The At j fait contovins Sea bet “r |» Ramsk olf is obtaimed fm qroumdimisks 6 peanuts, Coconurk otf & taken fam A CtOmuk kernels. The Crternrts, a they Come frm the bree Cmkown 30-407, och, while dwed centauiny 65—T0 7, of, + Saftlower % taker fren Arig, ower. + Umseed otf & token fem Hanteed , cucroge cortont 4 which § abort 407,. Ot 6 extractedyscmilar prccers curedl for Urtterseed olf, . Coreveitistrkinn Kam Com. The ol Contont 6, the Corn wit koumel, exclurcur oy the hark, abouk 4.5 7. ; Palrmcoit & prefored the puit 4 the Dee. The OU Contam Aamges’ fue To sap athe kermel or deed « jo ingot § ettaunad. fam the ult the tung tue (china), + Tallow is entycrttedl fram the potid fark ecttle, shesp ot houses “TRG TE & amvormimetl fet. Tada is am animal [ak Corben Cy 2 Cia « WHAT IS RENDERING: | SK as process im Which amiimeal tinues contorimn ing the at ne clon nil hy (srg a Looe (ek hemdening )unkct the fovhmtth ard can biemnushVell dome. oils mame tin Ud. lunteed OW ; Geb Commt 0c£ UD of Peanut CLL Seb dety ee EE Op Casker OL vA as ot Ce Coun 6c MH VS Semflower OCk heer Cotteraeed of Vly what U teen, Raves ‘cai oer . vB Gn tin pie mat ay nd a eutclakion.” The puecexs kvown a Ab w Ashult ef hati, at (eyes the tute and ha wim + Whak axe tippea 8 hamciditication.? ind tig craitin ak ao y Oudatine Aamcidifecatisn ae ip pnly aban snare ie Pe hmastet ates Pe pace. peo dees fad earl The hata tat “a 4 Oran_ U6 What § oxudatine hamcidipicattion ? Atrmnss ric Oupgen, abtocls the. carbrrv cour double bonds (C= Chav onal thi ay. Base at seta eee re ln Irimidonds ane added t mor a oil products ( crackers, te frac (phate chip Coackass, postmen sUSES OF OILS ANT FATS: Tg Oe = ip ~ OF cooky i) hak Ganatynaio’ ete. + fitutesalte, tte 25. TABLE Gross Composition of Major Edible Oilseeds oe ” * we ~ ae Crop/ Source Moisture Protein Fat Fiber Ash Oil-Co-products Ratio Soybean 42 37.0 24.0 36 43 4:3 7 Cottonseed 47 32.6 36.3 20 46 2 Peanut 67 25.7 49.2 49 23 ia 3 Sunflower s4 228 49.6 42 35 bl Safflower 56 16.2 38.5 25 55 12 Copra, 30 69 64.5 533 19 ZL Canola 1 218 449 45 47 Rt Palm kernel 65 83 49.0 BL 20 i — ui Sesame a7 117 49.7 — - poo(iz -e ANIMAL OILS: - a There_ane od. A twelateddt amtanall Aqusces che ot fi tem o Ne ‘a fool och ts mode pam the. skit bones ard, geek S{ cattle Obs used. sy Lubucating delicate o sewing emachime, Clocks eto. pa « MARINE OILS: Marime aminnal oils arr there wiiehare ebtoumed fron emarime omimmals, Muchas Codlimer. of , crwol Aardime oil, Muonrk- hiner oth, fh oct, whale cif . « MINERAL OILS: ant mnimdiat im Okagion Titty ane. Se hydreconbens buchos kerovime otf. They ane used. 04. Uluemimamfs, ar frelon automobiles, a Aeolus, be or Lubricants ete. + Cod liner of § ured mm medceime (ar Ck omtaims A oud _ DO ukaowims). Fiobveit G& wed m Em amd ia pti + Cod Liner ok: Certain fioh (tod, halibut, shark ) home hy Uiers which umrally contcuim enerethadn So of » Oe - ; i + Whale off are partially hydrcgemated, foronsit cupplications, ed i powder atponimatady 9 koat/g whrw emotatolized (‘compete Crbuckien) and, Cashes adh. ani ‘A heal /9. » Fab wis accowle po 30 9 cote kab.a _ a an » ESSENTIAL OILS: They arr Vocckile amd comm be Akzo btslLed ). wo Avelatile. of derined from the eames, Akgone» euner, petals ee conying the adeur.cr. faueur o the ; chemecal ouigtin varies utdely duets de forncliana Hs Gesu may be eke, fromclic, other Arecarbons ek. aed im olay dirkitakien, enkractian ete. ' Exe be re otf, ot S& » Oo ete rm fles un pembeme. & + FIXED OILS: (TReyoremenarmtectile thus Commat be Ateom, diidilled) Amenmélakile , fai el Chasadtnidics & take ols ou te the Volatile “eximtial ct . Cheuring ete. due to their, volatile characte. + Load U amimak fat amd dtaimed row hog (4+). «WAXES? “wanes (true) are ers mmamohydlice alcohols wath, higher , 24— 28 C.dkons witty long. Chain pieomary alcohols (16 te 36 C-alim « Ads contouw 24 C- atems mr BUn. amd fals, wanes emmbourn 24— 28 pathy accds. + Some Rebic urd. Like subrtamces ars. crlro knw wRichont ea a falty anda, ut hyde. abtehels, a. buchos ethylene. and. ( Jugs. Man an wan Like Bod Moth besa ta. pd. gray to att wane Lee nubatomnces.,. % thoy are UCOnL, ¢ )?. . + CLASSIFICATION OF WAXES: Won omaiy be { deinding uber tik. ounces) a. d) buynthebe a 5 EHO well noun 4 O15 Bokeh amuionvef Sp sgt il in ay tt ina comibies 9 the Abe ushale - . f Vegetable Auch ar Cormauba, and mr4eck wanes Audvos ees wore one Bune toances. . Woanes ane a ings.on leamues, Abennt, - . Memerok wanes ore hydrrcorbens 2 : poragtens. wo They ore oat Ce eaanes, Luck unoes chase thal Hye JOUR + . ured te camdles amd covmeies. +EXAMPLES OF WAXES+Qo ANALYSIS. OF FATS AND OILS: . foto and 6b are omoulyred.? aay adepal: ovalgtce Pratheds has been, denidoc te home quality cmirel ower. fells amd ols ured ar ou toaw Act emakenrals for the mamufacurr of bodps » drying atts amd. othe ricky. + Whak is ucoatvon, value ? HK the U ck with alkali te yd ere amd ee revtle albati metal, hea ery ae ee . 5 Suponitedson’ mumbe, ou valu ee hydiosicle (KOH) Asoputed te hotbomibys 19% fak oro. the mo. of emillegiams 6 KOH Coaudzc potouty) One of oA fak.”. + OMPORTANCE OF SAPONIFICATION NUMBER: ? omelecular wicighk 6 Gre (at 6.0if emote coreckly eaptvodent us & LAA UA ingerarwattaltry » whether 0) Oromia of Or fort Conkauins Lower amd higher ropa tions b) amvoth & fat cankaums dale a ee , Mod te butter har o, large ; Comer farbty c.otds than load amd tallow, the has high Uyccortion value . w+ Coumuck ot hos a, comparatinaly highst daperigdontion . icoa ki ~B im img the ameunl we bien tSocvatue), Ge pat alin Os *« SAPONIFICATION EQUIVALENT: a — U the mumber 6] arms Lomsle gam mail. pond by (56 104 9) % + ACID NUMBER OR ACID VALUE) OR NEUTRALIZATION NO. + pe eee ee dekmed a the mo. ee Wun hyduenuide Aeqpured to met - fer fatty oud 19% [aber olf a temeuha- tice faa Vole Gamensune o the hydrotipis thak has occured ww the Aarmble. hus meanures the pee fatty accd mv the antl, anid aba i halt vm meanuning the niet acid Lalas be hola vi the amount akkals used tw ott tek — abkale bs ammatded. ESTER VALUE: "aed value is leis mane cman fe Hate x5 or the dame enw as Aetberifccertiory amd acid valus Eater value = = Sapongoation vais - oid. vebue (thy? ). SES Aarely Used » Sabenitccation value, b. ale alte ipo - Armaumk of Wye (NAOH) Atguuned. fet heap emamufsbune epeecntty eb tsar sop as fee + [ODINE VALUE: thaacebar a ca i Sa iveneie abserb Cedime (om sanalia sor.) Cempounals.Q2 + QODINE VALUE IS. IMPORTANT: Qeclime value shows the Qumatturakion of the Covitauent fatty acids lw anv 6 or fat amd 5 tua Aglating mmearure of the uraaturated bends Prsremt vnthe oor fat. + The amoumt of todime absethed ww percentage 1 the measure of um. sakuration Wi the oi. rmacsunig Udine. ano. wae Lamy ameasune the grtemk to be dene witty the of. % . Srapete ns alone tests other tests Auchas oo Reichest— MEISSL VALUE (Az, the ormount viable amd waker Aotuble acid or R-M. VALUE. +e HENHER VALUE (emecuursr'the ammount i rrselube * ELAIDEN TEST anh ne ~dupung , dupong eae : was M Wel Sal t dekermuime vodime valu . APPROXIMATE OIL YIELDS OF CERTAIN. VEGETABLE OIL MATERIALS Baba. kernels 63% Reb kernels 4s % Courker, beans 457 Peanuts vin the sholk 30-357, Com kumels A w Reamuty shelled 45-50 7 copra Perla, seed 3 Cinteal ie Z desame seed i ae Flanrced (himteed) 34 Aayboans 19% Heem-preedt 24 7 Acpreed. as f Kaprk Leep Igy. Teng rds So=SSY(23 + What. & vegetabie ghee 7 ee wrk igre oie cetter Aeed oif ete, obloun’ pel ede ei el ct fe «what & Hk w proce 1 whe wae Commented. imko more. he vrnfroues 4 ie eet cakiuaked compounds are Reockiur thaw hones), St veneers oe? tarke and odeur omany oils . 29., Whale til amid, imaeed o2f cammat be uscd as odtlie oils, of bad odeur and taste, seen fa etn tae be edie. ere USEDFOR HYDROGENATION: ve Umick cataliyite used & either added im the foro 5 nickle ude A archle formate which reduced te metal by wth GING) Q2G1GO PHO ONO 2 2008, RH? £2216 seca? + a — Ni+H.0+CO, . Ramey eickle or Apongy nickle may allio be used « ng(24 « How RANEY NICKLE IS PREPARED: Ramey or A iy ickle is obtained. by trecting ow ‘cdo Nou—alurimake b washed cut aud Ramey ov enickle & cttalned . Actuakly fem the No-Al allog, M § takin eut at fouroua meckle os hemoumed. Thus, midde ts a he ona . lie oe ond te be more effecting, fuse Y v a i f Hydrogen needed Ahoutd be asim catalyst prt ond ay ai ind tne tot editle ol. a Take ake many] Aources 8 hydwoger, fast hydasca bry cea. he U 6 unideliy used. . Greed be b { omurt be puns ar unell on gree acids (pee). Fowly acids Avack wlth ncekle amd brad fm mld seapuhich ite uot ae oH y r regen ple a) Oy b) wet. + On Rocom Aemed oct kek & brought te vacuunn cusjosta ont hist ak cat So te emplth el mah NideLe eakalyrt & added amd ot § Aemt to Commerter Hy chregens teakout S-éabm) § rtroduced from the bettom. Gres l hypluegen gp Comer in Contec witty descending (8 OALQs tate in onaton ‘ ajar Grilceby ears ented dele haa, rite ug an at at through tecler amd thon [tered Raginated oil § pause te cakalyat. Tha. prada. 6° Henchedy Cae rd corked. fer pack ‘uoadl mee by ee evickle ott § veducced te avickte. tm before hydrogemation. The , A Wek-educed fa goalie ees le Car ovickle “S cbtoumed wth tm the ott). « We that sty pisces an oa ' wknd) a used, while we vue! Aatl cal dis. at the cut hyefnate. + Useeatty inglrenemartcors is Aeofped whew Codime value 60. le Fol one umuollry omimnal sources « e Ob ane unsolly extracked Kar emarimecmiaals, flame timuss or heeds. le USES OF OILS AND FATS - faowrn Ry daidsemplaagee LINSEED OIL Rubs, Vownvohes, We coasting ty Lubrcoan’, anal gisnue, SOYABEAN OIL x CASTOR OIL Phatective cating plastics, plarticigers, abcd thy TUNG OIL Rub and TALL oI Seeapsy athe ry 2 pants ermubifions, adhevues, mu.(26 GL “by ° arankg 91° as 0 meq ey} _S-€) v9 86-6 YD noqrownreg 9 > ‘vo natn LE 4] “bo SI-Ib “VD om 20 I]— 6-8 00 zo} — 0b D won YaOY be SEI-IT] +00 apnouweds XVM (oL — 9%) 95°b) 9b] “bd pr] Bb 9 097 — 0b! a OL, 0%" bo ] f 8% —-9% St —-Oe pw) wig Leb 96] po yep SEE b-0bt +35 qo) prop rg oll “2% Lol “% nw Bun, BU “MD 86] “BO ye wre 90) “YO. €LI +09 po prow 58 +0) 08] «00 1979710). 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16 0 494 50 05 1A Mustaist seed oil OF 19 03 OL 177 91 05 06 39 TR Ssb ne 19 Okra seed oil 02 337 06 43 179 422 02 OF o2 Olive oit 00 110 08 22 25 79 06 — Palm oil O1 10 435 03 43 366 91 02 — oO Palm kernel oil S42 164 81 28 14 16 ~~ Peanut oil Of 95 Of 22 448 320 — — 13 1s Rapesecd oil® -~ 17 =. 09 123 127 16 12 58 09 S94 OS 16 Rice bran oil 07 169 02 16 391 334 16 — — — Safflower oil 01 62 04 22 117 741 04 - - Safflower oil! 48 13°73 42 — — ~ = = = = Sal seed oil = 53) 340 491 38 33° 40 — - Sesame oil — 89 02 48 393 413 03 — 02 - on Shea butter 17 01 da 01 388 35 49 03 — 00 — = Soybean oil O1 103 02 38 223 510 68 - oe ee Sunflower oiff S402 35 806 84 02 - Sunflower oit Ol 59 GL 45 195 657 — ~ - Tallow 09 37 249 42 189 360 31 06 03 Teasced oil O1 01 175 0S 31 499 222,07 — 10 Tomato seed oil 02 150 05 44 219 508 23° — Hoe Walnut oil 70 OL 20 222 04 529 104 ~~ em Wild cucurbit oit 19.0 — ¥0 470 150 — - "These ure average values from recent years’ crops. "Low-erucic-acid variety rapeseed. “High-erucic-acid variety, ‘High-oleic variety: ‘Grown in colder climates. 'High-oleic variety.TABLE Fatty Acid Composi Source <14:0 14:0 16:0 16:1 Castor oil” - = ul 02 Chinese tallow L 21 650 — Crambe oi —- = 20 04 Crepsis foetida olf =~ 148 Croton oil 25 SA 62 02 Cuphea oil - 14 78 2: Jojoba oil 10 Lesquerella seed oil 14 14 20, Linseed oil - $3 = Meadowfoam oil —- — - Neatsfoot oil 07 169 Oitica oil* ~ 2m — Rapeseed" 01 26 03 Rubber seed oil 02 194 Stokes aster oitf 2B Tall oil a Rung oil 31 Voronia seed oil* 27 Whale oil 33 81 269 "These are average values sComtains $9.8) ‘Contains 71.35 penynic acid. 1s" crops. "Contains 89.2% rivinal ‘ontains 78.0% li ‘enolic acid. *Contains 78.5% vernolic acid and 5.8% hydroxy fatty acids, ion of Some Industrial Oils and Fats* 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3 20:0 20:1 22:0 22:1 22:2 Mel 10 33 36 032 04 4425 08 —~ — ~ — ~ ~ 04 169 86 64 O5 32 20 572 14 29°43 278 —~ — 03 — — ~ 32 158 494 30 29 89 02 06 - — 07 59 69 Of - = 77 -- 163 ~ 30 - 90 _ 176-79 132 525 - 27 41 202 127 — - - - -— - = = = 65 BS 13S 27 644 23°07 O14 50 60 — - 09 112 128 86 7s 48.1 178 245 305 24 or 09 04 09 20 165 = —_ —- $00 70 410 2 - 21 112 146 690 — 13 20 88 04 - Li 333 = : and 1.4% dihydroxystearic acids nic acid and 4.0% hydroxy acnls. ‘High-erucie-acid variety TABLE Sources and Compositions of Natural Waxes Melting Type Pont °C Main components ‘Animal waxes Beeswax o Myricyl palmitate Chinese 82-84 Isoheptacosyl ischeptacosanoate, ce1l lignoverate Shellac 81-82 Coryl lignocerate, ceryl cerotate Speemace Coty! palmitate ‘Wool (anhydrous lanolin) 36-42 Cholesteryl estolidicesters, alcohol esters of iso- und anteiso acids Mineral waxes Montan 86 Tricontanyl esters of Cay 39 acids Petroleum wanes Miccoerystalline 71-88 Hydrocarbons (490-800 molecular weights) Parattin 54-57 Hydrocarbons (350-420 molecular weights} Vegetable wares Hayberry 4348 ‘Trunyristin, wistearin Candetills 70-89 Coy y hydrocarbons, simple esters and lactones Carnaubs 80- x5 Esters of Cay y alcohols and Coy o-hydroxy acids Esparto 69-81 Hydrocarbons, esters of Cay 42 acids and alcohols Japan 51-62 Tripalmitin Joyobs (a liquid was) n-12 Docosenyl eicosanvate Ouricury 79-85 Myricyl cerotate and hydroxycerotate Sugarcane 79-81 Myricyl palmitate stigmastery! palmitate