Kiskhindha PDF

Jhjke t; jke t; t; jke Jhjke t; iq”i ds izdk’ku ds i’pkr~ vj.;dk.
M dk Hkh
jke t; t; jke ,slh gh O;k[;k ls ;qä laLdj.k ‘kh?kz gh
izdkf’kr gksxkA
;g rks loZfofnr gS fd okYehfdd`r jkek;.k
Hkwfedk jkedFkk dkO;ksa dk mithO; ewy lzksr gSA fdUrq
rqylh ds êkul* ij v/;kRejkek;.k dk izHkwr
LokUr% lq[kk; j?kqukFk xkFkk ds xk;d
izHkko gSA okYehfd ds jke ijekRek ds
rqylh ds O;fDrRo esa Hkfä ,oa dfoRo dk lkFk&lkFk e;kZnk iq:”kksÙke ekuo ds :i esa
vn~Hkqr leUo; gSA os izkd`rtu ds xq.kxku esa vf/kd ifjyf{kr gksrs gSaA nwljh vksj] ijeHkä
dkO;&izfrHkk ds mi;ksx dks ljLorh dk vieku rqylh ds vk/; jke Hkä fgrkFkZ vorh.kZ
ekurs gSa ^^dhUgsa izkd`r tu xqu xkuk] flj /kqfu ijekRek gSaA mudk yhykdk;Z tu&tu dks
fxjk yxr ifNrkuk**A muds vkjk/; Hkxoku~ izsj.kk] vk’oLrrk ,oa lEcy iznku djrk gSA
jke ‘khy] ‘kfDr ,oa lkSUn;Z ls lefUor vizfre blhfy, rqylhth izHkqyhyk xku ds lkFk
yhykiq:”k gSaA os /keZ] U;k;] lR; ,oa lkfRodrk chp&chp esa jke ds ijekRe:i dk Lej.k
ds ewrZ:i gSaA muds vkn”kksZa dk vuqlj.k lekt fnykrs jgrs gSaA
dks fuHkZ; ,oa lUrkieqDr cuk ldrk gSA ,sls fdf”dU/kkdk.M esa ge izFkeckj :nzkorkj
egk&ekuo dh yhykdFkk dh foy{k.k izLrqfr Hkäizoj Jhguqeku~ dk n’kZu djrs gSaA ;gha os
rqylh dh dkyt;h jpuk ^jkepfjr ekul* esa vius Lokeh dk izFke lk{kkRdkj ikrs gSaA lqxhz o
n`f”Vxkspj gksrh gSA dkO; dh n`f”V ls êkul* tSls lk/kd dks izHkq ls feykus esa os vkn’kZ
dh leh{kk vusd lq/kh lekykpdksa us dh gSA ekxZn’kZd xq: dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa]
fdUrq êkul* dsoy dkO; gh ugha gS] og ^Kkfuukexzx.;a* tks BgjsA blh dk.M esa
HkfDrHkkouk ls vksr&izksr ,d /kkfeZd ,oa Lo;EizHkk] tVk;q] lEikrh izHk`fr vusd riLoh
vk/;kfRed xzUFk Hkh gSA mlds okLrfrd eeZ dk Hkä Hkxoku~ jke ds n’kZu ls ijein izkIr
mn~?kkVu djus ds fy, HkDr ân; dh djrs gSaA ‘k=q dh Hkwfedk esa fLFkr ckyh rFkk
Hkkoxzkárk ,oa vk/;kfRed n`f”V vko’;d gksrh vusd jk{kl Hkh izHkq ds gk¡Fkksa ej.k dk volj
gSA ikdj d`rd`R;rk dk vuqHko djrs gSaA
ekul jfld cU/kqoj Jhxkso/kZunkl dk¡dk.kh us v/;kRe jkek;.k dh rjg êkul* ds
blh n`f”V ls êkul* ds fdf”dU/kkdk.M esa rqylh us Hkh xw<+
v/;;u dk iz;kl fd;k gSA êkul* dk vk/;kfRed ladr s izLrqr fd;s gSaA O;k[;kdkj us
lqUnjdk.M ldke HkDrksa dh euksok¡NkiwfrZ esa ;Fkkefr muds Li”Vhdj.k dk iz;kl fd;k gSA
lgk;d rFkk fu”dke J)kyq lk/kdksa ds fy, blh izdkj O;k[;kdkj us vusd LFkyksa ij
HkfDreqfDriznkrk ekuk tkrk gSA vkLFkkoku~ okYehfd jkek;.k] v/;kRe jkek;.k] guqeUukVd
Hkkjrh;ksa ds }kjk bl dk.M dk ?kj&?kj esa ikB ,oaa Jhen~Hkxor~xhrk ds lUnHkksZa ds lkFk
fd;k tkrk gSA vr% Jhdk¡dk.kh us loZizFke rqyukRed foospu Hkh fd;k gSA
êkul* ds lqUnjdk.M dk viuh eeksZn~?kkfVuh nkL;Hkfäds ije vkn’kZ Jhguqeku~ dk thou
O;k[;k ls ;qDr lqUnj laLdj.k izdkf’kr djus ^jkedkt* ds fy, lefiZr fn[kk;h nsrk gSA
dk iz’kaluh; iz;kl fd;kA ^lhrk lqf/k* ds y{; dh iwfrZ ds fy, os vius
;|fi jkepfjr ekul dk izR;sd dk.M vn~Hkqr lkFk lglzksa ckujksa dks Hkh lgHkkxh cukrs gSA
HkfDrjl ls ifjiw.kZ gS fdUrq bldk bl izlax dh O;k[;k djrs gq, O;k[;kdkj us
dk.M=;kRed e/;Hkkx&vj.;] fdf”dU/kk rFkk Li”V fd;k gS fd fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls fd;k x;k
lqUnjdk.M xzUFk ds ân; Hkkx lk dqN vf/kd izR;sd yksdfgrdkjh dk;Z ^jkedkt* gh gSA ;gh
Hkkoiw.kZ rFkk jgL;kRed ladr s ksa ls ifjiw.kZ izrhr xhrk dk deZ;ksx gSA oLrqr% U;k;] uSfrdrk]
gksrk gSA blh ekU;rk dks n`f”Vxr j[krs gq, ekuork] /keZ ,oa laLd`fr vkfn ds laj{k.k dk
Jhdk¡dk.kh us lqUnjdk.M ds izdk’ku ds i’pkr~ izR;sd dk;Z bZ’oj dk dk;Z] vFkkZr~ ^jkedkt* gh
fdf”dU/kkdk.M dk viuh xw<+kFkZnhfidk O;k[;k gksrk gSA ^jkedkt* dh fl)rk ds fy,]
ls ;qDr izLrqr laLdj.k izdkf’kr djus dk Hkfä:ih lhrk dh [kkst vko’;d gSA Hkfä dk
fu’p; fd;kA ge vk’kk djrs gSa fd bl f}rh;
lEcy gh deZ;ksx dh lk/kuk esa i;kZIr lg;ksxh
fl) gksrk gSA thou dh lkFkZdrk ds fy, gesa
ân; esa bZ’oj ds izfr iw.kZ leiZ.k ds lkFk AAJheaxyewrZ;s ue%AA
yksddY;k.k esa fujr jguk pkfg,A AAJh tkudh oYyHkks fot;rsAA
rqylh ds egkdkO; esa HkkokfHkO;atuk esa leFkZ izkDdFku
mfpr inksa ¼’kCnksa½ dk iz;ksx loZ= fn[kk;h nsrk
gSA lkfHkizk; ‘kCnksa ds iz;ksx esa os fl)gLr gSaA
vkt laxhre;h jkedFkkvksa dk ;qx gSA ehfM;k
bl ^xw<+kFkZnhfidk* esa ekul esa iz;qDr vusd
fof’k”V ‘kCnksa ,oa miekuks esa fufgr ds ek/;e ls jle;h HkfDr dh vtlz /kkjk vkt ?kj&?kj
v/;kReijd xw<+ HkkofHkO;atuk dk foospu fd;k rd ig¡qp jgh gSA xksLokehth dh dìk ls fuR;izfr yk[kksa
x;k gSA vusd izrhd ‘kCnksa esa ikjLifjd vUr% ifjokj dk thou&;kiu Hkh gks jgk gSA blesa O;klihB dss
lEcU/k rFkk lkeWtL; <+wa<us dk iz;kl fd;k dFkkokpd gh ugha vfirq blds laxhr oknd] i.Mky
x;k gSA blls êkul* dh ‘kSyh foKkuijd okys] fctyh ekbd okys Hkh dek [kk jgs gSa bu ukS
v/;;u dh egÙkk dks ,oa mldh mi;qärk dk fnolh; jke&dFkkvksa esa izk;% lk<+s vkB fnu dk le;
laadr
s feyrk gSA rks Hkjr feyki rd dh dFkk ¼v;ks/;kdk.M rd½ esa
fuiV tkrk gSA “ks’k vk/ks fnu dh dFkk esa ik¡pksa dk.M
oLrqr% ^jkepfjrekul* ,slk jRukdj gqfiax ¶ykbV dh rjg fuiVkus iM+rs gSaA vkSj izk;% “ks’k
gS] ftlesa ftruk vf/kd voxkgu fd;k tk;] vk/kk fnu Hkh jkT;kfHk’ksd ;k lekiu lekjksg dh HksaV
mrus gh HkkoekSfäd miyC/k gksrs gSaA p<+ tkrk gSA dksbZ Hkh oDrk ekul ds xw<+ rRo dks Nwus
xw<+kFkZnhfidkdkj us ,slh gh Hkkoef.k;k¡ <w¡<us dk Hkj dk le; ugha fudky ikrkA
‘yk/; iz;kl fd;k gSA j?kqukFk&xkFkk ljksoj esa xksLokehth us ekul dks ^^cq/k fcJke ldy tu
voxkgu dk vuwBk gh vkuUn gksrk gSA ge jatfu** dgk gSA vkt bldk ^tu jatfu* ;kus fd
cU/kqoj Jhxkso/kZunkl dk¡dk.kh ds nh?kkZ;q dh euksjatu i{k rks cgqr eq[kj fn[kk;h iM+rk gS] ijUrq tks
dkeuk djrs gq, vk’kk djrs gS fd budh ^cq/k fcJke* i{k ;kus fo}Ttuksa ds Hkko i{k dks mtkxj
ys[kuh Hkätuksa dks fujUrj Hkfäjl ls djus okyk gS og xkS.k jg x;k gSA ekulkad esa o.kZu
vkI;kf;r djrh jgsxhA feyrk gS fd blds izkphu Vhdkdkjksa us nl&nl]
‘kqHkeLrq ckjg&ckjg lky rd bldh dFkk fujUrj dgh o lquhA
;qx rqylh ekus tkus okys Jhjkefdadjth mik/;k; us Hkh
dsoy jke&tkudh fookg dks gh ukS fnolh; l=g
Jko.kh iwf.kZek fo-la- 2064 eaxyokj
nsod`”.k lkjLor vk;kstuksa esa lquk;k] ijUrq os mls lEiw.kZ ugha dg ldsA
lkfgR;kpk;Z] lka[;;ksxkpk;Z] osnkUrkpk;Z] ,e-,-] mijksDr dfri; lartuksa us brus o’kZ “kCnksa esa
iwoZ v/;{k] laLd`r foHkkx] fufgr Hkkoksa dks le>kus esa gh yxk;sA ijUrq xksLokehth us
JhdY;k.k jktdh; egkfo|ky;] blesa buls vf/kd xgjs xw<+ Hkko gksus dk ladsr
lhdj] ¼jktLFkku½ txg&txg fd;s gSaA tSls ekul :id esa Li’V dgk gS
^^tqx fcp Hkxfr nso /kqfu /kkjk] lksgfr lfgr lqfcjfr
fcpkjk** 1@39@3A ^^fcp&fcp dFkk fcfp= fcHkkxk] tuq
lfj rhj rhj cu ckxk** 1@39@6A
vFkkZr nksuksa ds e/; esa ¼fdf’dU/kkdk.M½ rks
lk{kkr HkfDr #ih xaxkth dh /kkjk gS] tksfd oSjkX;
¼vj.;dk.M½ vkSj Kku ¼lqUnjdk.M½ ls “kksfHkr gks jgh
gSA ekul ds chpksachp ¼fdf’dU/kkdk.M½ esa vusd fcfp=
dFkk;sa vius foHkkx ¼izdj.kksa½ lfgr gS] tksfd HkfDr
iznku djus okyh lfjrk] oSjkX; iznku djus okyk ou
vkSj Kku iznku djus okys ckx ds leku gSA blh ekul
izdj.k esa ,d vkSj txg ladsr fd;k gS ^^/kqfu vojsc
dfor xqu tkrh] ehu euksgj rs cgq Hkk¡rh** 1@36@8A xksLokehth us ;gk¡ Li’V dgk gS fd blesa pkjksa
vFkkZr lLoj ikB djrs le; ;fn ^/kqfu vojsc izrhr gks csn ¼mlds osnkax Hkh½] vBkjg iqjk.k] ¼eRL;] ekdZ.Ms;]
¼ek=k de T;knk ;k rqdkar âLo gksus ds dkj.k mPpkj.k Hkfo’;] Hkkxor~] f”ko] fo’.kq] ckjkg] okeu] czã] czãk.M]
esa xfrjks/k gks½ rks mls dfork dk xq.k ekusa ogk¡ Hkko #ih czãoSorZ] vfXu] ukjn] in~e~ ] fyax o x:M+iqjk.k½ N%
euksgj eNfy;k¡ gSaA blh ckr dk mUgksaus ^dkiZ.; izdj.k* “kkL=& ¼lka[;] ;ksx] cS”ksf’kd] U;k;] iw.kZehekalk o
esa Hkh ladsr fd;k gS ^^Hkko Hksn jl Hksn vikjk] dfcr mÙkjehekalk½ o vU;kU; xzUFkksa ds loZ lEefr okys lkjka”kksa
nks’k xqu fcfc/k izdkjk** 1@8@10A vFkkZr ;fn dgha dks lekfgr dj j[kk gSA igys rks esjh Hkh dYiuk ls ijs
Hkkoksa esa ;k jlksa esa cgqr T;knk varj feys ;k dfork esa Fkk] fd bu lkjs xzUFkksa dk lkjka”k bl NksVs ls xzUFk esa
nks’k izrhr gks rks os nks’k u gksdj fcfc/k izdkj ds xq.k lek;k gks ldrk gS\ Hkys gh eSus osn&osnkax ;k “kkL=]
le>aAs le>us dk rkRi;Z gS] gesa <w<+uk gS ijUrq bl iqjk.k i<+s u gksa ijUrq xhrkizsl esa iM+s xzUFkksa ds ek/;e ls
n`f’V ls ekul dks dksbZ ugha [kaxkyrk gSA blds vykok muds dysojksa ¼iqLrd dh eksVkb;ksa½ dks izrhr rks vo”;
lHkh Lok/;k; djus okys Hkh tkurs gSa fd blesa ^_*] fd;k gSA fdUrq esjs ekul ds xq#oj lkdsrizoklh
^.k*] ^”k*] ^{k* rFkk ^K* bu o.kksZa dk iz;ksx “yksdksa dks ijeiwT; oS|jkt deyfd”kksjth voLFkh dk ekuuk Fkk fd
NksM+dj dgha ugha gqvk gSA buds LFkku ij dze”k% ^fj*] ;g jkepfjr gj xzUFk dh dqath ¼pkch] Guide½ gSA
û*] ^l*] ^N* ¼dgha&dgha ^PN*] ^D[k*½ ,oa ^X;* dk lHkh xzUFkksa ds ef.k&ekf.kD; ¼lkjka”k½ bl [ktkus esa lek;s
iz;ksx ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ô* dh lHkh txg ij izk;% gq, gSaA D;ksafd ckck us ¼xksLokehth us½ bls Lok/;k; ds
^c* o.kZ feyrk gSA tSls fopkj dk fcpkj foHkh’k.k dk fy;s&
fcHkh’ku vkfn] blds vfrfjDr dgha&dgha vdkjkUr “kCnksa ¼Hkk’kkc) djfc eSa lksbZ] eksjs eu izcks/k tsfga gksbZ**
dks mdkjkUr djds fy[kk x;k gS tSls jke dks ^jkeq*] 1@30@2½ vkSj Lo;a dh fufeZr vk”kqfyfi
^y[kuq*] ^Hkjrq*] ^,dq*] ^lcq* ^fcuq*] ^vktq*] ^vkiq*] ¼Shorthand½ esa fyfic) dj j[kk gSA bUgha oS|th
êhpq*] êkrq*] ^fNuq*] ^vf/kdq*] êuq*] ^dktq* bR;kfnA dh dìk ls izLrqr iksFkh us ewrZ#i fy;k gS dSls&
blds lkFk gh dgha&dgha fdlh v{kj ij vuqLokj dk eSa bu oS|th ds ikl lu~ 1980 esa laxzg.kh]
fpUg yxkdj] mls lkuqukfld cuk;k x;k gS tSls jk;] ?kqVuksa o dej nnZ dh f”kdk;r ysdj igq¡pk FkkA esjs jksx
lqHkk;] dkSflyk] unh] vkbZ] c/kw] uhds] vkxs] nqvkjs] eksjs] rks budh vkS’kf/k ls “kSuS%&”kSuS% pys x;s ijUrq buds
x,] vkfn “kCnksa ds LFkku ij vkxsa] jk;a] lqHkk;a] dkSflyka] v/;kfRed Kku ds dkj.k oS|th ls esjh vUrjaxrk c<+rh
unha] vkbZa] c/kwa] uhdsa] vkxsa] nqvkjsa] eksjsa] x,a pyh xbZA oS|th funku Hkh “yksdksa ls djrs Fks vkSj
vkfn&vkfnA Hkkxor] ekul] iqjk.kkfn xzUFkksa dh dgkfu;k¡ Hkh “yksd]
xhrkizsl ds izkphu ekulkad esa JhfpEeuykyth pkSikbZ ;k i| dks mn~?k`r djds gh lquk;k djrs FksA
xksLokehth us ekuk Hkh gS fd ^^vdkj ds LFkku ij mdkj eq>s nl&ckjg o’kZ iwoZ ,d ubZ chekjh gqbZA jkr
dk iz;ksx rFkk lkuqukfld “kCnksa dk iz;ksx fdUgha fu;eksa nks ;k v<+kbZ cts y?kq”kadk ds ncko esa vka[k [kqyrh FkhA
ds vuqlkj fd;s x;s gSa**A ijUrq fdu fu;eksa ds vk/kkj ijUrq tc fcLrj ls mBus dk iz;kl djrk rks flj esa
ij fd;s x;s gSa] bldk iwjk fu.kZ; ugha ys ik;s] fdUrq tksjksa ls pDdj vkus yxrsA fdlh dks lgk;rk ds fy;s
mUgksaus ladsr vo”; fd;k gS fd lEHkor% vknj nsus ds iqdkjus dk iz;kl djrk rks eq¡g ls “kCn Hkh ugha fudy
fy, mls cgqopu ¼vdkj ls mdkj½ fd;k gSA lkuqukfld ikrsA ,sls es]a eq>s ?kqVuksa ds cy ljd&ljd dj lgk;rk
¼^vkxs* dk ^vkxsa*] ^jk;* dk ^jk;a*½ Hkh ml “kCn dks ogk¡ gsrq fdlh ds ikl igq¡puk iM+rk FkkA mls ladsrksa }kjk
fo”ks’; cukusa ds fy;s fd;k x;k yxrk gSA ,slh eq>s viuh ckr le>kuh iM+rh FkhA y?kq”kadk ds ckn]
vusdkusd xw<+ xqfRFk;k¡ ekul esa Hkjh iM+h gSaA bl lkSp Hkh tkuk iM+rk Fkk] dHkh&dHkh mYVh ¼dS½ Hkh gks
jkek;.kth dh vkjrh okyh iafDr ls dkSu ekul izseh tkrh FkhA mlds ckn “kjhj esa nks&rhu fnu rd detksjh
ifjfpr ugha gS& cuh jgrh FkhA ;s ?kVuk izk;% jkr dks gh vkSj Ms<+ nks
^^xkor csn iqjku v’Vnl] Nvks lkL= lc xzaFku eghus ds varjky ls gh gksrh FkhA fdUrq ckn esa ;g
dks jl**A chekjh c<+rh xbZ] ;kus fd varjky dk le; ?kVrk x;kA
^êqfu tu /ku laru dks ljcl] lkj val laer ,dckj bl jksx dh iqujko`fÙk fnu esa gh gks xbZA oS|th
lcgh dh**AA cqyok;s x;s mUgksaus ukM+h ns[kdj] tokgj eksgjk] o`gn~
okr~fpUrke.kh f[kykbZA tc eSa cksyus ds dkfcy gqvk rHkh lgh D;k gS ;g xksLokehth gh tkurs gSa ;k lqfoK ekul
vius ?kj x;sA eeZK gh izdk”k Mky ldrs gSaA vk”kk gS fd ekxZ fey
Lo.kZ ?kfVr nokvksa ds dkj.k oSlh detksjh ugha x;k gS rks vkxs dh eafty Hkh vklka gksrh tk;sxhA
vkbZ tSlh fd izk;% vkrh FkhA eSa nwljs fnu gh LdwVj ls eSa ijeiwT; vuUr foHkwf’kr lkdsrizoklh vkpk;Z
muds ikl igq¡p x;kA FkksM+h nsj mUgkasus vius ikl Jhdìk”kadjth egkjkt ^jkek;.kh* ¼ef.kNkouh] v;ks/;k
cSBk;k] fQj ukM+h dh vPNh rjg ijh{kk dh vkSj iw¡Nk okyksa½ ls “kCnksa ds }kjk dnkfi m_.k ugha gks ldrkA
fd fdlls vk;s gks\ eSus dgk fd LdwVj ls] tokc vkius gh eq>s ekul dks le>us dh n`f’V ,oa xq:izlkn
lqudj dgk fd vkuk ugha pkfg;s FkkA muds dgus ds Lo:i viuk fdf’dU/kkdk.M ij izdkf”kr o`gn~ xzUFk
<ax ls eSa pkSad iM+k d;ksafd eSa mudh vknr ls HkyhHkk¡fr ^xq#dìk dknEcjh* Vhdk iznku dhA ftlds QyLo:i ;g
ifjfpr Fkk fd os fdlh Hkh ejht dks] pkgsa tSlk vlk/; iksFkh bl :i esa vk ik;hA
jksx gksus ij Hkh] jksx ls Mjkrs ugha Fks vkSj uk gh
grksRlkfgr djrs FksA ijUrq eq>ls dgk fd vHkh ,d nks &xkso/kZunkl dk¡dk.kh
fnu vkjke djuk pkfg;s FkkA vius iksrs dks gk¡d yxk;h
uhrw! xkM+h fudkyks dkadk.khth dks ?kj NksM+ vkvks! eq>ls AA Jhjke “kj.ke~ ee~ AA
dgk LdwVj ?kj igq¡p tk;sxkA iqu% eq>ls cksys xkso/kZuth
lqUnjdk.M dk ikB yxkvks vkSj ^^nSfgd nSfod HkkSfrd
rkik] jke jkt ufga dkgqfg C;kik** dk lEiqV yxk nsukA
eSus le; dk cgkuk djds vkuk&dkuh dh rks Li’V
vkns”k fn;k fd fnu nksigj jkr ckjg cts tc dHkh Hkh
djuk iM+s vo”; dj ysukA og fnu gS vkSj vkt dk
fnu lqUnjdk.M dh dìk ls og csukeh chekjh fQj esjs
ikl ,d ckj Hkh ugh QVdhA lqUnjdk.M ij fo”okl
c<+rk x;k lkFk gh fuR;izfr ikB nksgjkus ls ] eu esa u;s
u;s Hkko mitus yxs tksfd vc rd ds Hkk’kk&Vhdkvksa esa
i<s+ o lqus gq;s Hkkoksa ls ,dne fHkUu o u;s gksrs FksA mu
Hkkoksa ij oS|th ls Hkh ppkZ gksus yxhA os cgqr izlUu
gksrs Fks] pko ls esjh ,d&,d ckr lqurs FksA ;g dze gj
nwljs rhljs fnu gksus yxkA efLr’d esa <sjksa pkSikbZ&nksgksa
ds Hkko meM+us&?kqeM+us yxsA rks eSus ,d fnu oS|th ls
dgk fd jkst u;s&u;s Hkko mit jgs gSa budk D;k d:¡ \
oS|th us mYVs eq>ls gh iz”u dj fy;k fd D;k djuk
pkgrs gks\ eSus dgk D;k bu lcdk ladyu d:¡ iqLrd
#i nw¡! cM+h izlUurk ls vkKk nh fd blls T;knk lqUnj
lqUnjdk.M dh D;k lsok gks ldrh gSA ftldk ifj.kke
^veks?k Qynk;h lqUnjdk.M* iqfLrdk gSA ftlds
“kqHkk”khokZn esa mUgksaus ekul dk ;g nksgk ^^tks ufga ns[kk
ufga lquk tks eugq¡ u lekb] lks lc vn~Hkqr ns[ksm¡ cjfu
dofu fcf/k tkb** fy[kk;kA ckn esa izdkf”kr iqLrd dks
ns[kdj cgqr izlUu gq;s vkSj eq>s fdf’dU/kkdk.M ij
Vhdk djus dh vkKk nhA ftldk ;g Qy vkids lkeus
izLrqr gSA tks iz”u eSus ;gk¡ lq>k;s gSa muds dqN izfr”kr
gy rks vkids bl iksFkh esa fey tk;saxs fdUrq ekul esa
vHkh Hkh <sjksa vulqy>h xqfRFk;k¡ gSaA eSua s Hkh tks Hkko fn;s
gSa eu dh LQqr izsj.kk o vuqeku ds vk/kkj ij gh gSaA
AAJheaxyewrZ;s ue%AA ;g fdf"dU/kkdk.M 'kj.kkxfr dk.M gSA
AAJhtkudhoYyHkks fot;rsAA blesa u dsoy Jhguqekuth o lqxhz oth dh
Jhjkepfjrekul & prqFkZ lksiku vfirq ckyh dh] rkjk dh] Lo;aizHkk dh vkSj
fdf"dU/kkdk.M vufxur okujkfn dh 'kj.kkxfr gqbZ gS] vkSj
&'yksd& 'kj.kkxfr esa vkpk;Z@xq# dh Hkwfedk gh loksZifj
dqUnsUnhojlqUnjkofrcykS dgh xbZ gS ^^xqj fcuq Hko fuf/k rjb u dksbZ]
foKku/kkekoqHkkS AA1AA tkS fcjafp ladj le gksbZ**7@92@5 vU; larksa
'kksHkk<îkS oj/kfUoukS JqfruqrkS us Hkh xq# dk in m¡pk ekuk gS ^^xq# xksfoUn
nksuksa [kM+s dkds ykxksa ikW;] cfygkjh xq# vkidh
xksfoçoÙnfç;kS AAA1AA xksfoUn fn;ks crk;** vkSj Jhjketh us Hkh nsof"kZ
ek;kekuq”k:fi.kkS j?kqojkS ukjn ds le{k xq# dk mYYks[k xksfoUn ls igys
l)eZoekSZ fgrkS AA1AA fd;k gS ^^xq# xksfcUn fciz in izsek**A3@45@3
lhrkUos”k.krRijkS ifFkxrkS vj.;dk.M ds vfUre nksgs esa fd;k x;k ;g
HkfDrçnkS rkS fg u% AA1AA mins'k gh ekuksa bl ^daqn* in esa fufgr vkpk;Z
'yksd HkkokFkZ & dqan iq"i ds leku 'osr dh egRrk n'kkZus dk ladr s d gSA
¼xkSjo.kZ okys Jhy{e.kth½ vkSj uhys bUnhoj bl fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa Hkh lqxhz oth dh
;kus y{ehth dk fiz; uhydey ¼';ke o.kZ okys 'kj.kkxfr lEiUu djkus okys thokpk;Z
Jhjketh½ vR;Ur lqUnj] vfr'k; cy'kkyh vkSj Jhy{e.kth gh gSa ^^yfNeu jkepfjr lc Hkk"kk*
nksuksa gh Kku foKku ds dsUnz gSaA budh leLr vkSj ^jkt dksl iqj ukjh* es izyqC/k lqxhz oth dks
Jhvaxkoyh 'kksHkk lEiUu gS] ;s Js"B /kuq/kZj gSa]
iqu% Jhjkepj.kksa esa igq¡pkus okys Hkh
osn Jqfr;ksa ds }kjk ofUnr gSa] bUgsa xkS czkã.kksa
bR;kfn ds lewg fiz; gSaA ek;k ls euq"; :i Jhy{e.kth gh gSa &
/kkj.k fd;s gq;s ;s j?kqdy q Js"B ¼Jhjke ^^gjf"k pys lqxzho rc vaxnkfn dfi lkFkA
y{e.kth½ l)eZ ds laj{kd ¼dop½ ,oa izk.kh ^jkekuqt* vkxsa dfj vk;s tg¡
ek= ds fgrS”kh gSaA Jhlhrkth dh [kkst esa rRij j?kqukFk**AA4@20
;s cVksgh gesa Hkh fu'p; gh HkfDr iznku djus ¼2½ ;gk¡ Jhy{e.kth dk mYys[k izFke blfy;s
okys gSaA Hkh fd;k x;k gS fd os oLrqr% izHkq ds vkxs
ekul tSls e;kZnk dh f'k{kk nsus okys vkxs py jgs gSaA D;ksafd tkudhth ds fo;ksx esa
xzUFk esa ¼^dqan* in igys nsdj½ Jhy{e.kth dk vkSj mUgsa [kkstus esas ^^ladqy yrk fcVi ?ku
mYYs[k T;s"B Hkzkrk Jhjketh ds iwoZ fd;k tkuk dkuu** izHkq brus
gh lwfpr djrk gS fd blds ihNs dksbZ@dbZ vf/kd DykUr ¼fcjg fcdy cyghu eksfg
xgu dkj.k gS tSls fd %& tkusfl fuiV vdsyA3@36½ gks x;s gSa fd
¼1½ Jhy{e.kth egkjkt thokpk;Z gSaA vkius gh y{e.kth dks mudk gkFk Fkkes gq;s vkxs pyuk
jkejkT; ds izFke ukxfjd Jhfu"kknjkt xqgth iM+k gS] ^îYyo&lkyu gsjh] izkucYyHk u Vsjh]
dks ¼y{e.k xhrk dk½ izHkq 'kj.kkxfr xzg.k djus fcjg fcFkfd yf[k y"ku xgs**AA
dk mins'k fd;k gS& xhrkoyhA3@10@2 Jhlrh&eksg izlax ls Hkh
^^l[kk ije ijekjFkq ,gwA eu Øe cpu jke Jhy{e.kth dk vkxs pyuk fl) gksrk gSA tc
in usgw**A 2@92@6 lrhth Jhjketh dh ijh{kk ysus ds fy;s]
m)j.kksa esa fn;k gqvk igyk vad dk.M] ;k
tkudhth dk os"k cuk dj pyh rc mu ij
[k.M dk gS nwljk vad nksgk] lxZ ok v/;k;
dk o rhljk vad nksgs ds ckn dh pkSikbZ ok loZizFke n`f"V Jhy{e.kth dh gh iM+h ^^yfNeu
‘yksd dk gSA nh[k mekd`r os"kk] pfdr Hk, Hkze ân;¡
fols"kk**A1@52@1 D;ksafd os Jhjketh ds vkxs yk[kksa yksxksa dks jksth&jksVh iznku djus okyh
py jgs FksA jkek;.k dk fuekZ.k Hkh gqvk gS ^^canm¡ eqfu in
¼3½ ;g dk.M fulUnsg ^jke&uke* ekgkRE; datq jkek;u tsfga fuje;m**A tc jkek;.k ds
ijd gSA blds vxys 'yksd esa rks eaxykpj.k fuekZrk dks gh myVs uke ti ds dkj.k flf)
gh ^jke&uke* dh efgek dk fd;k x;k gS feyh gS rc uke ekgkRE; ijd dk.M esa foykse
^^czãkEHkksf/kleqöoa&&&&/kU;kLrs d`fru% ficfUr uke dk eaxykpj.k u djrs rks ;g dk.M gh
lrra Jhjkeukeke`re~**A vkSj dk.M ds e/; esa v/kwjk jgrkA vxys 'yksd esa lh/ks jke uke dk
Hkh dgk x;k gS ^^tklqq ûke* cy ladj dklh] eaxykpj.k fd;k gSA
nsr lcfg lexfr vfcuklh**A rFkk dk.M dk bl 'yksd esa foykse uke dk gh
milagkj Hkh uke o.kZu ls gh gqvk gS ^^lqfuv eaxykpj.k fd;k x;k gSS] bldh iqf"V bl dk.M
rklq xqu xzke tklq uke v?k [kx cf/kd**A ds izfrfuf/k 'yksd ¼vFkkZr ckydk.M eaxykpj.k
vkSj rks vkSj Jhjketh us Hkh guqekuth dks ds lkr 'yksdksa esa ls pkSFkk okyk½ ls Hkh gksrh gS
viuk ifjp; nsrs le; bu uke egkjkt dks ^^lhrkjke xq.kxzke iq.;kj.; fogkfj.kkSA
gh izFke LFkku esa j[kk gS ^ûke jke yfNeu ck0e04-
nksm HkkbZA** D;ksa dk tokc rqylhnklth us igys oUns fo'kq) foKkukS dohÜoj
gh ns j[kk gS ^^czã jke rsa ukeq cM+ cj nk;d dihÜojkS**AA ck0e04-
cj nkfu**A1@25] ns[ksa uke oanuk izdj.kA uke ;gk¡ Hkh doh'oj ds :i esa izFke oanuk mYVs
oanuk esa ^jk* vkSj ê* bu ^^vk[kj e/kqj uke ds tkid okYehfdth dh] dh xbZ gSA rc
euksgj nksm** o.kksZ dks Jhjke y{e.kth ds dih'oj vFkkZr~ lh/ks jke uke ds tkid
leku ekuk gS ^^dgr lqur lqfejr lqfB uhds] guqekuth dh gqbZ gS ^^lqfefj ioulqr ikou
jke y[ku le fiz; rqylh ds 1@19@3] vkSj ukew] vius cl dfj jk[ks jkewA**1@25@6A
^ûj ukjk;.k lfjl lqHkzkrk**A1@19@5 Hkh dgk ¼4½ blds iwoZ ds rhuksa dk.Mksa ¼cky] v;ks/;k
gSA tSls ;gk¡ izFke esa ûj* in y{e.kth ds vkSj vj.;dk.M½ ds eaxykpj.k 'yksdksa esa izFke
fy;s iz;qDr gqvk gS oSls gh Lrqfr Hkxoku 'kadjthdh dhxbZ gS] rc
^^dqUnsUnhoj** 'yksd esa y{e.kth dks ¼e½ izFke JhjkepUnzth dh gqÃ gS] bl ^dqUnsUnhoj* 'yksd
vkSj Jhjketh dks ¼jk½ ckn esa j[k dj foykse ls izFke ^j?kqojkS* ¼Jhjkey{e.kth½ dh Lrqfr dh
uke dk vFkkZr okYehfdth dh i)fr ls êjk* xbZA vkSj vxys 'yksd ¼czãkEHkksf/k leqõa½ esa
uke dk eaxykpj.k fd;k x;k gSA ^jke* ;k Hkh jke uke dh efgek ds cgkus 'kadjth dk
êjk* uke esa tks ê* gS 'kkL=ksa esa mls pUnzcht dsoy uke ek= gh vk;k gSA mls mudh Lrqfr
dgk x;k gS ^êdkj'pUnz chta p ih;w"k ugha dg ldrsA vkSj lqUnj dk.M esa Hkh Lrqfr
ifjiw.kZde~] f=rkia gjrs fuR;a 'khryRoa djksfr #nzkorkj guqekuth dh gqbZ gSA ;g Øe Hkax
p**A ¼egkjkek;.ks 64 ns[ksa ekul&ih;w"k [k.M lkfHkizk; fd;k x;k gSA oLrqr% vHkh rd
i`- 332½ xksLokehth us Hkh y{e.kth ds fy;s f'koth dh oanuk txn~xq# ds Hkko ls ^^fuR;a
;gh ¼’khryRo½ dgk gS ^^can¡m yfNeu in xq#a 'kadj :fi.ke~**A1@3-e0] ^^rqEg f=Hkqou
tytkrk] lhry lqHkx Hkxr xqj csn c[kkuk**A 1@110@5 vFkok ^^lad#
lq[knkrk**1@16@5A ,sls ve`r ls ifjiw.kZ txr ca| txnhlk**A 1@49@6 dh Hkkouk ls
f=rki dks gjus okys êdkj* dk ¼ejk&ejk dk½ dh xbZ FkhA vkSj vc tc Hkxoku lnkf'ko
tki djds gh ckYehfdth czã leku ¼Kkuh½ gks Lo;a gh #nzkorkj guqekuth ds :i esa lsod
x;s] ^^mYkVk uke tir tx tkuk] ckyehfd Hks cudj izHkq dh lsok esa i/kkjs gSa&
czã lekuk**A] ^^tku vkfn dfc uke izrkiw] ^^tkfu jke lsok ljl leqf> djc
Hk;m lq) dfj myVk tkiw**A1@18@5 vkSj vuqekuA
iqj"kk rs lsod Hk;s gj rs Hks ij tks ^xxu fxjk xaHkhj Hkb* mlesa valUg
guqeku**A nksgk&143A lfgr vorkj ysus dk vk'oklu fn;k x;k gS&
rc Lokeh ds iwoZ lsod dh oanuk djus dk dksbZ ^^vlaUg lfgr euqt vorkjk] ysgm¡ fnudj
vkSfpR; ugha curkA vr% ;gk¡ ls Øe iyVk cal mnkjkA**1@186@2
x;k gSA fdUrq gS ;g Hkh v)ZlR; gh ! Bhd ;gh 'kCn euq&Le`fr ds jpf;rk
,d ^dqan* in dks izFke j[k dj JhLok;EHkqo euq vkSj 'kr:ikth dh riL;k
xksLokehth us ;gk¡ brus vf/kd Hkko LFkkfir dj izdj.k esa Hkh feyrs gSaA muds le{k ijkRij
fn;s gSa fd muls ikj ikuk nq'dj yxrk gSA czã Jhjketh us izdV gksdj dgk gS&
vU; xzUFkksa esa rks ;g ^dqan in* ek¡ ljLorh ds ^^valUg lfgr nsg /kfj rkrk] dfjgm¡ pfjr Hkxr
xkSj o.kZ ds fy;s Hkh iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^;k dqUnsUnq lq[knkrk**A1@151@2
rq"kkjgkj /koyk ;k 'kqHkzoL=ko`rk**A fdUrq izHkq us ;gk¡ ^valUg lfgr* in dk iz;ksx
xksLokehth us rks bls ewyr% Hkxoku f'ko ds tkucw> dj fd;k gS D;ksafd euq 'kr:ikth dh
fy;s gh iz;qDr fd;k gSA ;g ^dqan* ekul ds vfHkyk"kk gh ,slh FkhA os ml fuxqZ.k fujkdkj
izkjEHk esa gS ^^dqUn* banq le nsg mek jeu czã ds lxq.k lkdkj n’kZu ikuk pkgrs Fks
d:uk v;uA** ftuds va'k ls vusd "kMxq.kS’o;Z lEiUu czãk
ck-e-lks-4 vkSj vfUre mRrj dk.M esa Hkh fo".kq egs'k mRiUu gksrs gSa &
^^dqUn* bUnqnj xkSj lqUnja vfEcdkifreHkh"V ^^laHkq fcjafp fc"uq Hkxokuk] mitfga ^tklq val*
flf)ne~A** m-e- 'yksd&3A xksLokehth dh 'kSyh rs ukukA1@143@6
^^tsfg eg¡q vkfn e/; volkuk] izHkq izfr ik| vkSj izHkq us vius izkdV~; ~ ij rks
jke Hkxokuk** ds vuqlkj bl dqan in dks e/; ^vU/kkuwrkS nkS cqykoks* dh dgkor gh pfjrkFkZ
esa Hkh vo'; vkuk pkfg;sA pwafd bl 'yksd esa dj nhA ije dkSrqfd izHkq vius lax fcuk
^j?kqojkS* in dk Li"V mYys[k gS] vr% bls ge cqyk;s gh vkfn 'kfDr Jhlhrkth dks ys vk;s&
'kadjth ds vFkZ esa rks ugha ys ldrs] fdarq ;g ^^tklq val mitfga xqu[kkuh] vxfur yfPN
fulUnsg dgk tk ldrk gS fd y{e.kth ,oa ¼Jhy{ehth½ mek czãkuhA
'kadjth eas dqN vUrjxark n'kkZus dss fy;s gh Hk`dfq V fcykl tklq tx gksbZ] jke cke fnfl
xksLokehth us ;gk¡ bl dqan in dk tkucw> dj lhrk lksbZ**A1@147
p;u fd;k gSA cjoS jkek;.k esa Hkh mUgksaus bl blds v/;kfRed vFkZ rks v/;kRe
jke y[ku tksM+h dh vksj ladr s djrs gq;s bUgsa jkek;.k lxZ 1 esa ns[ksa] ijUrq ;gka ^tklq val*
^gfj gj* dgk gS& vkSj ^yfPN mek czãkuh* ds }kjk Li"V lwfpr
^^dksm dg uj ukjk;.k ^gfj gj* dksmA fd;k x;k gS fd bu 'kfDr;kas ds Lokeh ;kus
dksm dg fcgjr cu e/kq euflt ijkRij czã gh buds lax vorfjr gks jgs gSaA
nksmAA ^^rqylh Hkb vkSj dkSu foxzg ¼Hkzkrk½ fdl nso ds va'k ls
efr fcFkfdr dfj vuqekuA izknqHkwZr gq;s gSa] bldk Li"V fu.kZ; xq# of'"Bth
jke y[ku ds :i u ns[ksm vku**AA us buds uke dj.k ds volj ij gh dj j[kk
v;ks-22&23 cjoS jk0 gS] jketh ds ukedj.k dks ysosa &
y{e.kkorkj fdlds va'k ls gqvk gS ;g ^^tks vkuan fla/kq lq[kjklh] lhdj rsa
Li”V tkuus ij gh bl vUrjxark dk irk =Syksd lqiklh**A
pysxkA lHkh tkurs gSa fd ;g jkekorkj rhuksa ^^lks lq[k /kke jke vl ukek] vf[ky yksd nk;d
va'kksa ¼czãk] fo”.kq] egs’k½ ds lesr prqfoZxgz esa fcJkek**A 1@196@6
izdV gqvk gSA ekul esa bldk txg&txg p¡wfd ekul esa dYi Hksnkuqlkj vFkok
mYys[k gqvk gSA czãkfn nsorkvksa dh vfr iqdkj fofo/k iqjk.kkfn xzUFkksa ds vk/kkj ij dgha
oSd.q Bkf/kifr fo".kq dk] rks dHkh 'ks"k'kk;h 'k=q?uth ds :i esa vorfjr gksrk gSA vkSj tc
{khjkfC/kifr fo".kq ¼JheUukjk;.k½ dk ;k fQj îjkRijczã* dk jkekorkj gksrk gS rks ^csn
loZO;kid ijkRij czã dk jkekorkj ysuk of.kZr izdklk* osn dks izdkf'kr djus okys vFkkZr
gSA Lokehth dk ,slk vn~Hkqr izLrqrhdj.k gS fd ^czãkth* 'k=q?uth ds :i esa vorfjr gksrs gSaA
;gk¡ of’k”Bth ds }kjk fd;s Jhjketh ds vc y{e.kth ds ukedj.k dks ns[ksa] xksLokehth
ukekdaj.k esa gesa bu rhuksa dk gh lqUnj leUo; us bls fof'k"Vrk ls ;kus nksgs esa fd;k&
feysxkA ¼1½ ^fla/kq lq[kjklh* ls {khjkfO/kifr ^^yPNu /kke jke fiz; ldy txr
fo".kq dk tSls ^Nhj fla/kq xous vk/kkjA
eqfuukFkk*1@127@4] ^^dksm dg i;fuf/k cl xq# cf'k"V rsfg jk[kk yfNeu uke
izHkq lksbZ*1@184@2A ¼2½ ^^lhdj rs =Syksd mnkj**AA
lqiklh** ls y{e.kth ds fy;s tks fo'ks"k.k ;gk¡ yxs
cSd.q Bkf/kifr dk tSls ^îqj cSdq.B tku dg gSa os lcds lc Hkxoku 'kadj esa ekStwn gSaA
dksbZ** 1@184@2A]^^Jhfuokliqj rs vf/kd fulaUnsg y{e.kth 'ks"kkorkj Hkh gSa blhfy;s ;gk¡
jpuk fcfc/k izdkj**1@129A ¼3½ ^vf[ky yksd ^ldy txr vk/kkj* dgk x;kA D;ksafd fo".kq
nk;d fcJkek*] ls ijkRijczã dk ;Fkk Hkxoku dk tc jkekorkj gksrk gS] rc
^^txfuokl izHkq izxVs vf[ky yksd 'ks"kHkxoku gh y{e.kkorkj ysrs gSaA Li"V dgk
fcJke**1@191] ^^dh rqEg vf[ky Hkqou Hkh gS& ^^'ks"k lglzlhl txdkju] tks vorjsm
ifr**4@1A Hkwfe Hk; Vkju** 1@16@7A ^tks lgl lhlq
Hkjrth ds ukedj.k esa dgk x;k gS& vghlq efg/k# y[kuq lpjkpj
^^fcLo Hkju iks"ku dj tksbZ] rkdj uke Hkjr /kuh*A2@126( ^^t; vuar t;
vl gksbZ**1@196@7A txnk/kkjk**A6@76@4 fdUrq ;g Hkh fcuk
f=nsoksa esa Hkxoku fo".kq dks ikyu drkZ nqfo/kk ds dgk tk ldrk gS fd dgha dgha
¼Hkju iks”k.k dj½ dgk x;k gS ^HkwRHkrZ` p rTKs;a y{e.kth 'ks"k Hkxoku ls Hkh Å¡ph dksfV ds
xzfl”.kq izHkfo”.kq p*A13@16 Jhxhrkth lh/ks n’kkZ;s x;s gSaA budh oanuk nks pkSikb;ksa esa dh
‘kCnksa esa ^^drkZ fof/k] HkrkZ gfj] gj l¡gkj xbZ] vkSj ukedj.k Hkh nksgs esa fd;k x;k gSA
dkjh**] bl ukedj.k ds vuqlkj Hkjrth fo".kq xksLokehth us ,slk lEeku fdlh Hkzkrk dks ugha
ds va’kkorkj gq;sA fdUrq of'k"Bth us ^dj* in fn;kA vkSj /kuq"k Hkax ds volj ij rks bUgksaus
ds }kjk ;gk¡ Hksn Hkh fn[kk;s gSaA jkekorkj ;fn deB ¼dwekZorkj½ 'ks"kHkxoku] vkSj dweZ ¼cjkg
Hkxoku fo".kq dk gksrk gS rks fo'o Hkj.k iks"k.k Hkxoku½ dks Hkh vkns'k fn;s gSa&
drkZ fo".kqth ds gkFk esa ¼dj tksbZ½ tks 'ka[k ^^fnfl dqatjgq deB vfg dksyk] /kjgq /kjfu
jgrk gS og 'ka[kkorkj Hkjrth gq;s iù iqjk.k esa /kfj /khj u Mksyk**A
Li”V mYys[k gS ^dSds¸;ka Hkjrks tKs ikaptU;ka’k ^^jkeq pgfga ladj /kuq rksjk] gksgq ltx lqfu
laHko%*93A vk;lq eksjk**1@259@1&2A
'k=q?uth ds uke dj.k esa dgk x;k gS& bUgsa vkns'k nsus okys ;k rks lk{kkr~
^^tkds lqfeju rsa fjiq uklk uke l=qgu csn ukjk;.k&fo".kq gh gks ldrs gSa vFkok f=Hkqou
izdklk** ifr Hkxoku 'kadj ghA xksLokehth@of'k"Vth us
ftlds Lej.k ls 'k=qdk uk'k gksrk gS ;g¡k ftu 'kCnksa esa y{e.kth ds xq.k /keZ crk;s
og vFkkZr gfj dk lqn'kZu pØA iù iqjk.k esa gSa] muls rks mudk Hkxoku f'ko gksuk gh
gh dgk gS ^lqn’kZuka’kkr~ ‘k=q?u% ltKs·fer izekf.kr gksrk gS tSlsfd&
fodze%*95A tc ukjk;.k ;k fo".kq Hkxoku ^yPNu /kke*¾ Hkxoku f'ko ds fy;s Hkh dgk
jkekorkj xzg.k djrs gSa rc mudk lqn'kZu pØ x;k gS&
^îzHkq lejFk lCkZX; flo ldy dyk ^xqu ¼ftldk Åij mYYks[k gqvk gS½ ds vUrxZr izFke
/kke*A oanuk ^j?kqojkS* dh gqbZ gSA ;g Li”V dj nw¡ fd
tksxX;ku cSjkX;fuf/k] izur dYir# ckydk.M ds mRrjk)Z ls v;ks/;k dk.M dh
uke**AA1@106 lekfIr rd ¼yxHkx 492 nksgksa esa½ ,d Hkh
^jkefiz;*¾ ;kKoYdth ds opu gS ^^dks flo fVIi.kh mek 'kEHkq laokn dh ugha feysxha fdUrq
le jkefg fiz; HkkbZ**1@10@38A Lo;a jketh ogha] vj.;dk.M dk izkjEHk gh psrkouh ls
dk ekuuk gS ^^flo leku fiz; eksfg u nwtk gqvk gS ^^mek jke xqu xw< iafMr eqfu ikofga
**A 9@19] vkxs blh dk.M esa #nzkorkj ds fcjfr** vkSj ix&ix ij ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd
izfr dgs opu ^^rS ee fiz; yfNeu rs nwuk** mUgha ds fn'kk funsZ'k ij ys[ku dk;Z gks jgk gSA
esa nwuk¾nks ugha gks vFkkZr y{e.k o rqe ¼5½ dqan iq"i 'osr gksrk gS vkSj lkfgR; esa 'osr
¼guqekuth½ nks ugha gks xksLokehth dh xw<+ 'kSyh jax 'kkUr jl dk izrhd gSA bl dk.M esa cgqrksa
esa ;gh dgk Hkh x;k gSA dks 'kkfUr ;k lkfRod lq[k dh izkfIr gqbZ gSA
^txr v/kkj*¾ 'ks"kkorkj ds fy;s gh dgk x;k izFke rks Jhjke guqekuth dh HksaV ls 'kadjth
gSA ftldk fooj.k Åij vk x;k gSA dks gh lq[k dh izkfIr gqbZ gS ^^lks ^lq[k* mek
^mnkj*¾ ^mnkjks nkrègrks%* ¼vej dks'k½ vFkkZr tkb ufg cjuk**A fQj lhrkth dk oL= feyus
dìkyq] n;kyq] egku] nkrk vkfnA 'kadjth dks ls Jhjketh dks vkUrfjd lq[k feyk gS] jkT;
vkS?kM+nkuh dgk gh x;k gS ^vklqrks"k rqEg feyus ls lqxhz oth dks vkSj HkfDr feyus ls
vo<j nkuh*A 2@43@8] jketh ds Hkh opu gSa rkjk ,oa Lo;aizHkkth dks Hkh lq[k feyk gSA lHkh
^dks d`ìky ladj lfjl*4Ae0ls02A ekrk ikBdksa dks lq[k dh izkfIr gksos blh dkeuk ls
ikoZrh us Hkh bUgs dìkyq ds vFkZ esa gh mnkjk 'osr lqxfU/kr dqan iq"i dks izFke j[kk x;k vkSj
dgk gS ^^cky pfjr iqfu dggq vxys 'yksd esa ^^lalkjke;Hks"kta lq[kdja** dk
^mnkjk**A1@109@5 ¼dggq ds ckn dk dgk vk'khokZn Hkh fn;k x;k gSA
x;k 'kCn lEcks/ku gh gksrk gS ;Fkk ^dggq ukFk ¼6½ ekrk ikoZrhth us jkeorkj dh ftKklk esa
ftfe*] ^dggq ladj lq[klhyk*] ^dggq tks pkSng iz'u fd;s gSa muesa mudk izFke iz'u
d:uk;ru* vkfn½A gS ^îzFke lks dkju dggq fopkjh] fuxqZu czã
bu m)j.kksa ds vk/kkj ij dgk tk lxqu ciq /kkjh**1@109@4A bl fuxqZ.k lxq.k
ldrk gS fd ;gk¡ okP;kFkZ esa rks Jhy{e.kth dh iz'u ds lek/kku esa Hkxoku 'kadj us ty vkSj
gh oanuk dh xbZ gS fdUrq ^dq¡n* in tksfd ty ls cus cQZ ds vksys dk mnkgj.k fn;k gS
'kadjth ds fy;s iz;ksT; gqvk gSs dks iz;qDr ^^tks xqu jfgr lxqu lksb dSls] tyq fge miy
djds] xksLokehth us xqIr :i ls f=Hkqou xq# fcyx ufga tSls**1@195A pw¡fd fdf"dU/kkdk.M
¼lad# txrca| txnhlk] lqj uj eqfu lc e/; esa gS] ekul dk ân; gS] bleas lkrks
ukor lhlk1@49@6½ dh Hkh vH;FkZuk dj yhA dk.Mkas dh fo”k; oLrq dk lekos'k Hkh gSA vr%
xqIr #i ls ,slk djus dh lEefr Hkxoku 'kadj blds vuqlkj] ikoZrhth ds lHkh pkSng iz'uksa ds
dh gh gks ldrh gSA D;ksafd xksLokehth rks igys mÙkj Hkh blesa ladr s :i esa lek;s gq;s gSaA ;gk¡
gh dg pqds gSa ^rl dfggm¡ fg;¡ gfj ds ^^dqUnsUnhoj lqUnjkofr cykS** ds }kjk muds
izsjs*1@30@3 ¼gfj¾fo".kq] dfi ;kus guqekuth izFke iz'u ^fuxqZu czã lxqu ciq/kkjh* ;kus Qwy
bl ukrs 'kadjth Hkh] ;ksa Hkh êkul* 'kadjth ls mls ¼czã dks½ dBksj ^vfr cykS* cuuk iM+k
dk jpk gqvk gS ^jfp egsl fut ekul dk gh lek/kku fn;k x;k gSA
jk[kk*1@34@11½ ekrk ikoZrh dh ftKklkvksa ds eaxykpj.k izk;% xzUFk ds izkjEHk esa gh
lek/kku ds :i esa bldh izLrqfr gqbZ gS vr% ns[kus esa vkrs gSaA fdUrq ekul ds lkrksa dk.Mksa
‘kadjth dh izsj.kk ls gh lsod Lokeh Hkko esa fof/kor eaxykpj.k ds 'yksd feysxaAs D;ksafd
ekul ds izR;sd dk.M vius vki esa lEiw.kZ lq'kksfHkr jgrs gSa] lkalkfjd d"Vksa ,oa vkokxeu
ukV~; ;ksX; egkdkO; gSA cukjl ds dqN :ih Hkojksx ls eqfä fnykus okyh egkS"kf/k ds
fof'k"V eqgYyksa esa rks izfr o"kZ bu dk.Mksa ds Lo:i gS] izk.kh ek= dks lq[k iznku djus okys
vk/kkj ij gh jkeyhyk,a vk;ksftr gksrh gSaA vkSj Jhtkudhth ds thou j{kd gSa] ,sls
jaxeap ij Hkh tgk¡ izkjEHk ls vUr rd n’kZdksa Jhjkeuke ve`r dk tks iq.;kRek fujUrj iku
dh mRlqdrk cuk;s j[kuk ,d nq"dj dk;Z gks djrs gSa os lHkh /kU; Hkkxh gSaA
tkrk gS ogha dkO; dqy foHkw"k.k xksLokehth us fo'ks"k %& ¼1½ fiNys 'yksd esa foykse ¼e jk½
ekul esa ^dqUnsUnhoj* tSls inksa dk l`tu djds jke uke dh ,oa :i dh ¼fuxqZ.k lxq.k nksuksa
izcq)tuks ds fy;s jaxeap ls Hkh vf/kd dh½ Lrqfr dh xbZA ;gk¡ lh/ks ^jke* uke fd
îzHkkoksRiknd* Hkko mifLFkr fd;s gSasA Lrqfr dh xbZ gSA
;g eaxykpj.k 'kknwZy&foØhfMr NUn esa ¼2½ ;gk¡ eaFku djds dk<+us dh ugha dgh xbZ gS
gSA Hkko gS fd ftl izdkj 'kknwZy ¼flag½ vj.; D;ksafd jke uke loZlqyHk gS bls tiuk lcds
esa fuHkZ; gksdj fopj.k djrs gSa mlh izdkj fy;s lgt o ljy gS ^lcfg lqyHk lc fnu
;gk¡ yhyk esa uj&'kknwZy Jhjke ,ao Yk{e.kth lc nslk*] tcfd lRlax djus ;k dFkk Jo.k
bl vj.; izkar esa fopj.k dj jgs gSaA fdUrq vkfn esa ^x`g dkjt ukuk tatkyk* crk;s gSaA
fdf"dU/kkdk.M ds izfrfuf/k 'yksd ^^lhrkjke fQj dFkk lqukus okys lar&O;kl :ih lq;ksX;
xq.kxzke iq.;kj.; fogkfj.kkS** ds vuqlkj bldk ik= Hkh pkfg;s&
Hkko gS fd lhrkjketh ds xq.k lewg ¼;kus ^^czã i;ksfuf/k eanj X;ku lar lqj vkfga
pfj=&yhyk,a] Jo.k] uke] tki vkfn½ :ih dFkk lq/kk efFk dk<fga Hkxfr e/kqjrk
iq.;&vj.; esa fogkj djus okys O;fDr 'kknwZy tkfga**A 7@120
ds leku gh bl Hko&:ih vj.; esa fu'kad ¼3½ bl 'yksd esa ^Jh* in rhu ckj vk;k gS&
fogkj djsxaAs JhePNEHkq eq[ksUnq] Jhtkudhthoua vkSj
czãkEHkksf/kleqn~Hkoa Jhjkeukeke`re~A ekul ds fdlh Hkh dk.M ds
dfyeyiz/oalua pkO;;a 'yksd ;k nksgs] lksjBs] Nan pkSikbZ vkfn esa ^Jh*
in rhu ckj ugha vk;k gSA bu rhu ^Jh* dks
JhePNEHkqeq[ksUnq lqUnjojs rhu 'kfDr;ksa ¼mek] jek] czãkuh½ dk cht #i
la'kksfHkra loZnk A dgk x;k gS vkSj bl dk.M dks JhlwDr ds
lalkjke;Hks"kta lq[kdja leku ldy euksjFkksa dk iznku djkus okyk
Jhtkudhthoua ekuk x;k gS&
^êul% dkeekdwfra okp% lR;e'khefg
/kU;kLrs d`fru% ficfUr lrra i'kwuka :ieUuL; ef; Jh%J;rka ;'k%**A
Jhjkeukeke`re~ AA2AA JhlwäA10
'yksd HkkokFkZ %& osn:fi vxk/k leqnz ls tks bl Jh lwä izkFkZuk ds Hkko gSa fd esjs eu dh
¼Jhjkeukeke`r½ mRiUu gq;s] dfydky ds ey dkeuk,¡ vkSj ladYi fl) gksa ,oa ok.kh dh
¼dke] Øks/k] en] yksHk] eksg] diV] gB] naHk] lR;rk eq>s izkIr gks] xkS vkfn i'kqvksa ,oa
}s"k] ik[k.M vkfn½ dks lEiw.kZr% u"V dj nsus fofHkUu vUuksa&HkksX; inkFkksaZ ds :i esa rFkk ;'k
okys ¼fdarq½ Lo;a vO;;] vfodkjh vkSj ds :i esa Jh nsoh gekjs ;gk¡ vkxeu djsaA
vfouk'kh gSa ¼ikiksa dk {k; djrs gSa ijUrq u rks vkSj bl dk.M dh QyJqfr esa Hkh Bhd ;gh
Lo;a nwf"kr gksrs gSa vkSj u gh dHkh ?kVrs ;k ckr ^frUg dj ldy euksjFk fl) djfga
u"V gksrs gSa½] tks Jh ls lEiUu dY;k.kdÙkkZ f=iqjkfj* }kjk dgh x;h gSaA Jhlwä esa dgh
Hkxoku 'kEHkq ds Js"B lqUnj eq[kpUnz esa fujUrj x;h rhuksa gh ckrsa blh dk.M esa pfjrkFkZ gqbZ gSa
;Fkk eu dh dkeuk,¡ Jhlqxhz oth dh iwjh gqbZ] vkSj] bl fuxqZ.k fujkdkj rRo dks czã Kkfu;ksa
ladYi dh flf) ,oa ok.kh dh lR;rk izHkq rd gh lhfer j[kus ds mn~ns'; ls] lkFk gh
Jhjketh dh fl) gqbZ vkSj ;'k dh izkfIr 'kkL=ksa dh e;kZnk ikyu ds fufeRr ls]
okujkfn dks gqbZA xksLokehth us euq&'kr#ikth ds tki ea= dks
¼4½ eaxykpj.k esa ^czãkEHkksf/k* dgus dk xw<+ mRdh.kZ gh ugha fd;k D;ksafd mlesa vkse gS
Hkko gS fd ;g lcls NksVk dk.M] dsoy rhl ^vkse~ ueks Hkxors oklqnsok;*A fdUrq ftKklqvksa
nksgs] yxHkx 388 i¡fDr;ksa dk gksrs gq;s Hkh ds fy;s mUgksaus ogk¡ iwjs ladr s j[k NksM+s gSa&
leqnz ds leku vR;Ur vxk/k gSA ;g ekul ds ^^}knl v{kj ea= iqfu tifga
lkr lksikuksa ds e/; dk lksiku gS vkSj ljksoj lfgr vuqjkxA
dk e/; Hkh lokZf/kd xgjk gh gksrk gSA cklqnso in iad:g naifr eu
^czãkEHkksf/k leqn~Hkoa* & iz.ko v{kj ^vkse* vkSj vfrykxA**1@143A
^jke* uke ;s nksuksa gh osnksa ls fudys gSA blds foijhr bl jkeuke ea= dks tius
blfy;s earO; dks lqLi"V djus ds fy;s gh dk vf/kdkj lHkh thoksa dks] lHkh ifjfLFkfr esa
^Jhjkeukeke`re~* dgk x;kA cht:i esa ,d vkSj lc ns'k] dky esa gS ^^tgq¡ tqx rhfu dky
¼vkse½ fuxqZ.k fujkdkj dk Lo:i gS rks nwljk frgq¡ yksdk] Hk, uke tfi tho
¼jke½ lxq.k lkdkj dkA fdUrq iz.ko v{kj fclksdk**1@26@1A ;ksa le>sa fd v;ks/;k esa
^vkse* ;k xk;=h ea= vFkok osnksa dh viuh ,d n'kjFkuUnu Jhjketh ls feyus esa tks jktizlknksa
e;kZnk gSA 'kkL=ksa us mudk Kku ¼iBu&ikBu ds fu;e&dk;ns ck/kd gSa vkSj vj.; esa fcpjrs
Hkh½ dsoy lqik= dks ¼L=h 'kwnzf}cU/kwuk =;fu gq;s cVkm jketh ls feyus esa tks loZ lqyHkrk
JqfrxkspjkaA Hkkx01A4A25½ gh og Hkh xq#eq[k gS ogha vUrj iz.ko v{kj ^vkse* vkSj ^jke*
ls izkIr djus dk funsZ'k fd;k gSA ekul esa Hkh] uke esa gS ^^lcfg lqyHk lc fnu lc nslk]
bl rF; dh vksj ladr s fd;k x;k gS] vkSj lsor lknj leu dkyslk**A1@1@12A
bldk iw.kZr;k vuqikyu Hkh gqvk gSA jke:ih ^/kU;kLrs d`fru*& bl in ds }kjk xksLokehth us
xw<+ rRo tkuus dh ftKklk esa ekrk ikoZrh us Jqfr iqjk.k vkSj ekul ds }kjk lefFkZr iqutZUe
Hkxoku 'kadj ls vuqjks/k rks Jqfr ¼osn½ fl)kUr fl)kUr dk iqufuZ:i.k fd;k gSA
lEer jke dFkk lqukus dk fd;k gS ^^cjugq oLrqr% fdf"dU/kkdk.M ds okuj jhNkfn ik= nsoksa
j?kqcj fcln tlq Jqfr fl)kar fupksfj**A ogha ds va'k ls gh i`Foh ij vorfjr gq;s gSa&
mUgksus Lohdkj Hkh fd;k gS fd L=h Jqfr ^^fut yksdfg fcjafp xs nsoUg bgb
fl)kUr lquus dh fl[kkbA
vf/kdkfj.kh ugha gS ^t|fi tksf”krk ¼L=h½ ufga ckuj ruq /kfj /kfj efg gfj in lsogq
vf/kdkjh* fdUrq eSa rks eu deZ opu ls vkidh tkb**AA1@187
¼f=Hkqou xq# rqe csn c[kkuk dh½ nklh gw¡ vr% ;g rks loZ fofnr gS fd iq.; vftZr
xq#eq[k ls lquus dh vf/kd`r gw¡ ^^nklh* eu gksus ij gh nso 'kjhj vkSj LoxkZfn mÙke yksdksa
Øe cpu rqEgkjh**A1@109@1 dh izkfIr gksrh gS ^îzkI; iq.;d`rka yksdkuqf"kRok
;g rks gqbZ osn rRo dh] ;gh gky 'kk’orh% lek%**6@41 xhrkthA vkSj iq.; {kh.k
iz.ko& ^vkse* dk Hkh gSA ekul esa vkidks cgqr gksus ij fcjafp¾fof/k] fo/kkrk] czãkth gh mUgsa
[kkstus ij ^vkse* ek= ,d txg] og Hkh cgqr i`Foh ij Hkst nsrs gSa tSlk fd mijksDr nksgs esa
Nqis #Lre ds :i esa] foiz ds eq[kls mPpkfjr Hkh i`Foh ij tkus dk vkns’k fn;k gSA jko.k ls
vkSj 'kq) oSfnd laLd`r ;qä ^#nzk"Vde~* esa =Lr gksus dk rkRi;Z gh gS iq.; {kh.k gksukA
feysxk ^^fujkdkjeksadkjewya rqjh;a] fxjk X;ku pw¡fd bu okujkfn dk eu jkedkt esa rRyhu
xksrhreh'k fxjh'ka**A 7@107N02A vkSj rks gS& ^^jkedkt y;yhu eu fcljk ru dj
Nksg** blfy;s bUgsa lk/kqokn fn;k x;k fclksdh**A1@118@1 rks ;gk¡ blds lekiu esa
^/kU;kLrsd`fru%* dgk x;kA Hkh ^^lqfuv rklq xqu xzke tklq uke v?k [kx
lksjBk &eqfä tUe efg tkfu] X;ku cf/kd** dgk x;k gSA
[kkfu v?k gkfu dj A ¼2½ vHkh igys 'yksd ¼dqUnsUnhoj½ ds Øekad 4
esa ppkZ dh xbZ Fkh fd bl dk.M ds eaxykpj.k
tg¡ cl laHkq Hkokfu] lks dklh
esa Hkxoku f'ko dh oUnuk ugha dh xbZA ogk¡
lsbv dl u AA dkj.k Hkh dgk Fkk fd j?kqukFkth dh lsok esa
tgk¡ dY;k.kdÙkkZ Hkxoku 'kEHkq vkSj Hkxoku f'ko Lo;a gh #nzkorkj guqekuth ds
vkfn'kfDr ek¡ Hkokfu fuokl djrs gSa og :i esa lsod cudj i/kkjs gSaA vr% Lokeh ds
dk'khth eqfä dh tUeHkwfe gS ¼vFkok ogk¡ tUe iwoZ lsod dh Lrqfr dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha
ysus ek= ls eqfä gks tkrh gS½ KkuekfxZ;ksa ds curkA Hkys gh Hkxoku 'kadj lsod ds ckus esa
fy;s og Kku dh [knku gS ¼ogk¡ Kku lgt gh i/kkjs gksa] ijUrq izHkq dh ek/kq;Z n`f"V esa rks os
miyC/k gS½ HkfDrekfxZ;ksa ds ¼iwoZtUeksa esa gq;s½ ¼'kadjth½ muds b"V gSa ^îwft ikjfFko uk;m
'ks"k ikiksa dh gkuh djus okyh gSa ¼deZ ds ekFkk**2@102@1] ^^lhrk lfgr dìkfuf/k
ryiV ij ;kus cSysUl’khV esa iki&[kkrs esa gkuh laHkqfg dhfUg izuke**6@119 ,s'o;Z Hkko ls Hkh
gksuk vFkkZr lafpr iq.;ksa esa vfrfjDr ykHk izHkq mUgsa lsod de vkSj Lokfe o l[kk T;knk
feyuk gqvk½ ,slh efgek tkurs gq;s Hkh mldk ekurs gSa ^^lsod Lokfe l[kk fl; ih ds] fgr
¼n`<rk ls½ lsou D;ksa u fd;k tk;s\ fu#if/k lc fcf/k ¼rqylh½ ds**A1@14@4 /;ku
êqfä tUe efg tkfu* & fdf"dU/kkuxjh ;k nsasxs rks bl lksjBs dh nwljh i¡fä dh Hkk”kk ¼lks
fdf"dU/kkdk.M dk deZ{ks= nf{k.k Hkkjr esa gSA dklh lsbv dl u½ ls gh izekf.kr gks tk;sxk
og LFkku jko.k&jke dh fot; xkFkk ij fd izHkq dks f'ko'kadjth dh Lrqfr dk u fd;k
fot;uxje dh lH;rk ds uke ls fo[;kr gSA tkuk fdruk v[kjk gSA izFke i¡fDr ds ckjs esa
bl {ks= esa osnksa ds fo'o izfl) Hkk";dkj ekuleeZKksa dk ekuuk gS fd oLrqr% czãkth us
Jhlk;.k gq;s gSa] jktk fdlu nsojk; vkSj muds nsoksa dks tks /kjrh ijtkus dk vkns’k fn;k Fkk
ea=h rsukyhjke ;gha ds gSaA ,sls lqizfl) LFky ^^ckuj ruq /kfj /kfj efg gfj in lsogq tkb**
ij xksLokehth }kjk dk'kh uxjh dh efgek vr% okuj :ih nso ;gk¡ eqfä gsrq i/kkjs gSa
c[kkuus dk dksbZ u dksbZ fo'ks"k vkSfpR; rks xksLokehth us mlh ds vuq:i gh ;gk¡ Hkkoksa dk
gksuk gh pkfg;s\ l`tu fd;k gSA ijUrq Hkxoku f’ko dh Lrqfr u
¼1½ ekul ds lkr dk.Mksa dks izkr% Lej.kh; djus ds dkj.k jketh us bl nwljh i¡fDr esa
lIriqfj;k ekuk x;k gS& xksLokehth ds vopsru eu dks izsfjr djds u
^^v;ks/;k eFkqjk ek;k dk'kh dkaph dsoy f'koth dh cfYd ek¡ Hkokuh vkSj dk'khth
áofUrdkA dh Hkh efgek ef.Mr Lrqfr djokbZ gSA
iqjh }kjkorh Ks;k lIrSrk eks{k ¼3½ mÙkjk[k.M esa ^mÙkj dk'kh* gS] e/; Hkkjr
nkf;dk%**AA esa ^dk'kh cukjl* gS oSls gh nf{k.k Hkkjr ds
blds vuqlkj ;g pkSFkk dk.M mldh pkSFkh iqjh ml {ks= dks Hkh ^nf{k.k dk'kh* ekuk tkrk gSA
dk'khth gqbZA xksLokehth us ;gk¡ Jhdk'khth dh vr% mldh vksj /;kukdf"kZr djus ds fy;s ^lks
oanuk djds bl fdf"dU/kkdk.M dks dk'khth ds dklh lsbv dl u* dgk x;k gSA ;ksa Hkh ml
:i esa Lohdkj fd;k gS] vkSj bldk ekgkRe;
{ks= esa Hkxoku 'kadj vkSj ek¡ ikoZrh ds gh
Hkh dk'khth ds leku gh crk;k gSA ogkWa
'kadjth ds 'kCnksa esa gS ^^dklh ejr tarq mikld vf/kd gSaA vkSj dk'kh dk xw<+ rkRi;Z gS
voyksdh] tklq uke cy djm¡
^^tks lcdks ¼v/;kRe vkSj ijekFkZ ekxZ dks½ n`f"V ls dgha Hkyk Hkxoku 'kadj dk eaxykpj.k
izdkf'kr djs mls gh dk'kh dgrs gSa**& u fd;k tkuk pwd ldrk gS\ bldh izfrfØ;k
^^dk'k;fr izdk'k ;fr bna loZe~ ;k lk dk vUnktk blh ls yxkysa fd lksjBk tks fd
dksey Hkkoksa dks O;Dr djus okyk ek/;e ekuk
dk'kh**A
x;k gS] mlh esa izHkq us ^dks dìky ladj lfjl*
dk’khth dsoy eqfä iznk;uh gh ugh gS dk dBksj mykguk fn;k gSA lksjBs dk egRo
cfYd xksLokehth us fou; if=dk ds in la[;k Kkr gksus ij gh bl dFku dk eeZ] mldh
22 esa vFkZ] /keZ] dke o eks{k gsrq l|Qynk;h xgjkbZ le> iM+sxhA vkSj vkxs ekul dks
dke/ksuq dgk x;k gSA ogk¡ dke/ksuq dk :id le>us esa Hkh lgk;rk feysxhA
cka/k dj ,d vR;Ur lqUnj Hkko&fp= izLrqr ekul dk Lok/;k; djus okys tkurs gSa
fd;k gSA ;gk¡ ds ^lsbv dl u* ds mykgus ij fd pkSikb;ksa ls nksgksa esa vf/kd egRo dh ckr
dgh xbZ gS vkSj NUnksa esa izk;% bZ'oj ds ,s'o;Z
gh ml in dh jpuk gqbZ gSA ogk¡ Li”V fy[kk
dh o v/;kRe ;k ijkrÙo dh xw<+ ckrs c[kku
gS ^^rqylh cfl gjiqjh jke tiq] tks Hk;ks pgS
dh xbZ gSA D;ksafd Nan osnksa dh oSfnd ijEijk
lqiklh**A ;gk¡ vkSj ogk¡ nksuksa esa gh Hkko vkSj ls vk;s gSaA vkSj dgk x;k gSS fd Nanksa esa Nan
'kCnksa dh cM+h lkE;rk gsS& ^^lsbv lfgr lusg dk nsork fNik gksrk gS ^^Nknuk bfr NUn%**A
nsg Hkfj] dke/ksuq dfy dklhA pkSikb;ksa esa Hkh tgk¡ dgha fo'ks"k ckr mn~?kkfVr
lefu lksd&larki&iki #t] ldy gqbZ gS rks ogk¡ xksLokehth us tkucw> dj ;fr
lqeaxyjklh**A fo-i-22 ns[ksaA Hkax ¼ek=kvksa esa U;wukf/kdrk ;k fo"ke rqdkar ds
ekul eeZK Hkh bl ^dke/ksuq dfy dklh* in esa }kjk vojks/k½ fd;k gSA bl vksj mUgksaus ladr s
Hkh fd;k gS& ^^/kqfu vojsc dfcr xqu tkrh]
vkSj fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa cgqr vkUrfjd lEcU/k
ehu euksgj rs cgqHkk¡rh**A1@36@8 /ofu
ekurs gSaA muds opukuqlkj fdf"dU/kkdk.M Lo;a
vojsc ds vykok Hkh xw<+ Hkko okyh pkSikÃ esa]
dk'kh gS vkSj ;fn bl dk.M dk lsou rhFkZcqf) pkSikbZ ds fu;ekuqlkj mldk lekiu nh?kZ ek=k
ls] J)k fo'okl ds lkFk fd;k tk;s rks esa u djds ºLo esa fd;k gSA ;k fQj ,d gh
dke/ksuq ds leku Qynk;h gSA iafä esa vikj Hkko Hksn j[ks gSa tSls fd
lks-^^tjr ldy lqj càn] fo"ke xjy ^dqUnsUnhoja* iq"iksa dh lqde q kjrk ds lkFk
tsfga iku fd;A ^vfrcykS* dk fo'ks"k.k ;k 'kkUr jl ds lkFk
jkSnzjl dk iz;ksx] tSls ^nhun;kyk* ds lkFk
rsfg u Hktfl eu ean] dks dqiky
^^Qjfd mBha }S Hkqtk fclkyk**A xksLokehth us
ladj lfjl**AA2A bldk Hkh Li"V ladr s fd;k gS ^^Hkko Hksn jl
gs dì.k eu ¼rqylh½ crk fd 'kadjth ds Hksn vikjk] dfcr nks”k xqu fcfc/k
leku dkSu dìkyq gS\ tc pjkpj lfgr nsoksa izdkjk**1@8@10 bUgsa jpuk dk nks"k u eku
ds lewg Hkh ml izp.M gykgy ¼fo"k½ ls ty dj xq.k le>rs gq;s ogk¡ fofo/k dkj.kksa dh
jgs Fks] rc ml dìkyq us gh ¼txr j{kkFkZ½ [kkst dh tkuh pkfg;sA
mldk iku ¼iku dh ihd ds leku d.B ds lksjBk bu lc esa loksZifj gSA
uhps ugha mrkjuk½ dj fy;k rw! mUgsa gh ugha xksLokehth dh lokZf/kd fiz;
HktrkA fo/kkvksa esa ls ,d gS D;ksafd lksjBs ‘kCn esa
jketh ds izfr j?kqoa'k ds iqjks/kk Jhlhrkth dk ^l* dkj vkSj jketh dk ^j*
Jhof'k"Bth ds mn~xkj gS ^ûhfr izhfr ijekjFk dkj nksuksa gh o.kZ ekStwn gSa tksfd NUn] nksgk]
LokjFkq] dksm u jke le tku pkSikbZ ;k 'yksd esa ugha gSA blfy;s xksLokehth
tFkkjFkq**A2@253@5 ,sls lVhd ikj[kh dh
us ekul dk izkjEHk Hkh lksjBs ls fd;k gS& ^^tks ^^j?kqdyq efu êe Lokfe* lksb dfg flo¡ uk;m
lqfejr flf/k gksb xu uk;d dfjcj cnuA ekFk**A1@116] ^^lksb izHkq êksj pjkpj Lokeh*]
djm vuqxzg lksb cqf) jkfl lqHk xu lnu**A j?kqcj lc mj varjtkeh**A1@118@2A Hkxoku
Bhd oSls gh bl f'ko loZK gS ¼lksm loZX; tFkk f=iqjkfj½ mUgsa
fdf"dU/kkdk.M dk izkjEHk Hkh lksjBs ls gh gqvk fofnr gS] ikoZrhth ls dgk Hkh gS fd Jhjketh
gSA vkSj v;ks/;kdk.M esa rks xksLokehth us ijkRij&czã ds vorkj gSa ^jke czã C;kid tx
izR;sd pkSchl nksgs ds ckn Nan vkSj lksjBs dks tkuk*1@115@8] ^jke czã fpue;
fijksdj ^czã lw=* esa of.kZr îap iaptuk* okyh vfcuklh*1@119@6 vkSj ek/kq;Z Hkko esa gh os
iPphlh dh l`f"V dh gSA bls gh Jhxhrkth ds ¼uj bo pfjr djr j?kqjkbZ½ esjh iwtk djrs gSa
rsjgosa v/;k; esa {ks=&{ks=K dk uke fn;k x;k ^îwft ikjfFko uk;m ekFkk** blfy;s mUgksaus LOk;a
gS ^êgkHkwrkU;gadkjks gh xksLokehth dks viuh Lrqfr u djus dh
cqf)jO;äeso pAJhxhrk 13@5 izsj.kk nhA bls bl vk/kkj ij Hkh dgk tk
bfUnz;kf.k n'kSda p iap psfUnz;xkspjk%**AA Jhxhrk ldrk gS fd tgk¡ mek egs'oj laokn dh ,d
13@5 Hkh fVIi.kh ckydk.M ds mRrjk)Z ls
bl xhrkth ds 'yksd esa {ks= ds vFkZ esa v;ks/;kdk.M ds lekiu rd] yxHkx ikSus ik¡p
pkSchl rRoksa dk o.kZu gS ;Fkk iap egkHkwr lkS ls vf/kd nksgksa esa ns[kus dks ugha feyrh gS
¼f{kfr] ty] ikod] xxu] lehjk½ ik¡p desZfUnz; ogha vj.;dk.M dk izkjEHk gh muds izcks/ku ls
¼gkFk] iSj]ok.kh] tusfUnz; vkSj ey }kj½ ik¡p gqvk gSS&
KkusfUnz; ¼vk¡[k]dku] ukd]thHk o Ropk½ ik¡p ^^mek jke xqu xw<+ iafMr eqfu ikofga
buds fo"k; ¼'kCn] Li'kZ] :i] jl vkSj xU/k½ fcjfrA
rFkk v¡gdkj] cqf)] eu vkSj ewy izd`fr] ;s ikofga eksg fcew<+ ts gfj fceq[k u
pkj] bl izdkj ;s pkSchl rÙo rks pkSchl nksgs /keZjfr**AA
gq;s] vkSj NUn ds lkFk lksjBk feydj iPphloka vkSj 46 nksgs ds NksVs ls vj.;dk.M esa lkr
ije iq#"k ;kus ijkRij&czã gqvkA lksjBk ckj ^mek] Hkokuh* uke ls fVIif.k;ka gSa ,oa
fdruk vf/kd eeZLi'khZ o vkº~yknd gksrk gS lewps dk.M dh Hkk"kk gh f'ko ikoZrhth ds
bls le>uk gks rks lqUnj dk.M ds ,d ek= vkilh laoknksa tSlh gSA ;gh gky bl
lksjBs& ^^dfi dfj ân;¡ fcpkj nhfUg eqfnzdk fdf”dU/kkdk.M dk gSA vfHkizk; gS fd ;gk¡ Hkh
Mkfj rcA tuq vlksd vaxkj nhfUg ^gjf"k* mfB xksLokehth Hkxoku f'ko ds fn'kk funsZ'ku esa gh
dj xgsm**12AA dh xgjkbZ esa >kad dj ns[ksaA vfHkys[ku dk dk;Z ^^Hkk"kk c) djfc eSa lksbZ**
ckr vHkh Hkh ogh gS fd bl dk.M ds dj jgs gSaA
eaxykpj.k esa Hkxoku f'ko dh oanuk D;ksa ugha /;ku jgs fd lkjs j?kqoa'kh ,d
gqbZ \ blds mRrj esa] xksLokehth dh vksj ls rks y{e.kth dks NksM+dj] D;ksfd os Lo;a gh f'ko
;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd ^^rl dfggm¡ fg;¡ ds vorkj gSa½ f'koth ds mikld gSaA buds ;gk¡
gfj ds izsjs**A gfj¾fo".kq] dfi] guqekuth vkSj izFke iwtk f'koth dh gh gksrh gSA vr% ckjkr
#nzkorkj ds ukrs 'kadjth Hkh] ekul Hkxoku izLFkku ij n’kjFkth us f’ko ifjokj dk Lej.k
'kadj dk jpk gqvk gS vkSj xksLokehth Hkh fd;k gS ^^vkiq ¼n'kjFkth½ p<+sm L;anu lqfefj
txnxq# dks viuk lnxq# ekurs gSa ^^xqj firq gj xqj xkSfj xuslq**A1@301 Jhjketh Hkh bUgha
ekrq egsl Hkokuh] izuom¡ nhuca/kq fnu dh mikluk djrs gSa vkSj mUgsa viuk lokZf/kd
nkuhA**1@14@3A vr% ys[ku dk;Z mudh izsj.kk fiz; Hkh ekurs gS ^^fyax Fkkfi fcf/kor dfj
vuqlkj gh gksuk LokHkkfod gSA vkSj iwtk] flo leku fiz; eksfg u nwtk**6@1@6A
Hkxoku'kadj Jhjketh dks viuk Lokeh ekurs gSa vr,o ^ûhfr izhfr ijekjFk LokjFkq** dks lVhd
tkuus okys Jhjketh dks vius b"Vnso dh ¼og vkxsa pys cgqfj j?kqjk;k A fj";ewd icZr
Hkh ekul dh ijEijkxr½ oanuk u fd;k tkuk fuvjk;k AA
dSls lá gks ldrk gSA vr% lksjBs esa izHkq us j?kqdy
q ds jkt iq#"k ¼j?kqjk;k½ iqu%
xksLokehth dks fo”kiku ds n`"VkUr ds lkFk ^^dks vkxs pysA fj";ewd ioZr Hkh fudV vk x;kA
Ñikyq ladj lfjl** dh pqukSrh ns MkyhA pqukSfr ^vkxsa pys cgqfj j?kqjk;k& ^dqUnsUnhoj* in esa
ls vfHkizk; gS bUnz iq= t;Ur ds izlax esa] Jhy{e.kth dks vkxs n'kkZ;k FkkA og Nfo ;k
Hkxoku f'ko us Jhjketh dh iz'kalk djrs gq;s >k¡dh iaikljksoj esa Luku /;ku ds le; dh Fkh
^dks dìkyq* dh fVIi.kh dh gS& ^^nsf[k jke vfr #fpj rykok] eTtuq dhUg
^^dhUg eksg cl nzksg t|fi rsfg dj c/k ije lq[k ikok**A 3@40@1 bl eTtu ds
mfprA i’pkr~ izHkq iw.kZ LoLFk vkSj ije izlUu fpÙk
izHkq NkM+sm dfj Nksg ^dks dìky j?kqchj yx jgs gSaA lcjhth ls Jhlhrkth ds fo"k; esa
leA**3@2 lwpuk feyus ds ckn rks izHkq dh fo;ksx&foyki
izHkq dk vfHkizk; gS fd eSus rks ,d yhyk Hkh lekIr gks xbZ FkhA vc rks Jhlhrkth
t;Ur ij dsoy n;k gh dh gS fdUrq Hkxoku dks ikus ds fy;s lqxhz oth dks [kkstuk gh
f'kous rks fo"kiku djds vius izk.kksa dks gh vko';d gSA vr% nksuksa Hkzkrk nf{k.k fn'kk dh
ladV esa Mky fy;k rkfd] pjkpj ds lkFk vksj vxzlj gSaA
leLr nsoksa dh Hkh j{kk gks ldsA 'kadjth ds ^fj";ewd ioZr fuvjk;k& fj";ewd ¾ _f”k tgk¡
lfjl dksbZ dìkyq gks rks eq>s crkvks \ ewd gks tk;sa] lgt lekf/k yx tk;s tSls fd
bu gfj gj dh ;g ijLij uofga dh ukjnth dh fgefxfj xqgk esa yxh Fkh ^^fujf[k
Hkkouk ekul esa 'kq# ls vUr rd ns[kus dks lSy lfj fcfiu fcHkkxk] Hk;m jekifr in
fey tk;sxhA jkes'oj LFkkIkuk rks bldk vuqjkxk**] ^^lgt fcey eu ykfx
loksZRd`"V mnkgj.k gSA ,d lqizfl) vk[;kf;dk lek/kh**1@124@4 bl ^fuvjk;k* ls tuk;k fd
ds vuqlkj] izHkq Jhjketh us lsrq&cU/k ij vuqdy w lekpkj feyus ls eu dks Hkh ije
ikfFkZo f'ko fyax dh fof/kor LFkkIkuk djds mls lq[k feyrk gS blhfy;s tks vHkh rd ihNs py
^jkes'oj* uke iznku dj fn;kA ogk¡ mifLFkr jgs Fks] mUgha jketh us vc iqu% ekspkZ lEgky
_f"k&eqfu;ksa us ^jkes'oj* 'kCn dk fy;k gSA vc rks izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr esa Hkh mUgsa
^jke'pklkSbZ'oj%* bl izdkj lekl djds jke fof/k dh vuqdy w rk fn[k jgh gS] fj";ewd ioZr
vkSj egs'oj dh lerk fl) dhA rc Jhjketh Loeso fudV vk;k izrhr gks jgk gSA
us dgk fd esjs Hkkokuqlkj rks ^jkeL; bZ'oj% fo'ks"k& ekul tgkWa vius xw<+kFkksaZ ds dkj.k
jkes'oj%* gS vFkkZr jke ds Lokeh gSa egs'ojA fo}Ttuksa dsk ijekuUn iznku djrh gS] muds
rRi'pkr~ dgk tkrk gS fd f'ko fyax esa ls fy;s foJkenk;d gS] ogha ;g ge turk tuknZu
/ofu fudyh ^^jke ,o bZ'ojks ;L; l%** vFkkZr ds fy;s y;c) lajpuk ds dkj.k xk ctk dj]
jke ftlds Lokeh gSaA eu ds rki&'kki dks gjus okyh] vkSj gekjk
dgrs gSa fd bl lksjBs esa feys mikyEHk euksjtau djus okyh ^jke dFkk* gS ^^cq/k foJke
ds dkj.k gh xksLokehth us lqUnjdk.M esa ^êksjs ldy tujatfu] jke dFkk dfy dyq"k
eu izHkq vl fcLoklk] jke rs vf/kd jke dj fcHkatfu**A1@30@5 ekul egkukV~; dkO; gS
nklk** ds fl+)kar ls Jhguqekuth dk eaxykpj.k rks fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa Hkh vFk ls bfr rd
fd;k gSA vkSj yadkdk.M esa nks 'yksdksa esa ukVdh;rk dh Hkjekj gh gS] bl pkSikbZ esa Hkh
Hkxoku 'kadj dh Lrqfr djds ;gk¡ dh HkjikbZ gS&
ogk¡ iwjh dj nhA j?kqdy
q ds nksuksa ljdkj bl vj.;LFkyh
esa furkUr cVkÅ :i esa i/kkjs gSa] oL=ksa ds uke
ij cYdy ¼o`{kdh Nky] îfgjs cydy phjk*½ d`lkuq Hkkuq fgedj dks**A1@18@1 d`lkuq¾j]
gS rks iSjksa esa in=k.k Hkh ugha gS ¼jke y[ku Hkkuq¾vk] fgedj¾e lEiw.kZ ekul esa
fl; fcuq ix iugh½A ,slh n'kk esa bu xksLokehth us blh izdkj ^vkxs* in ds lkFk
jkt&iq#"kksa dh HksaV] fdf"dU/kkuxjh ds vinLFk vuqLokj yxk dj ;k ogk¡ g"kZ lwpd inksa dks
uì Jhlqxhz oth ls djkus esa xksLokehth dks nsdj 'kqHk 'kxqu dk ladr s fd;k gSA tSls fd
ekufld d"V gks jgk gSA izHkq dks HksaV Hkh eqfu tuksa ls HksaV gksuh gS vkuUnk;h fo"k; gS
viuh rjQ ls] igy djds djuh gS] D;ksafd vr% dgk x;k ^^vkxsa jke vuqt iqfu ikNsaA
Jhlhrkth dh [kkst esa 'kcjhth us mUgsa gh eqfu cj cs"k cus vfr dkNsa**A3@6@2 vkSj
ek/;e crk;k Fkk ^îaik ljfg tkgq j?kqjkbZ] rg¡ eqfutuksa ds vfLFk lewg ns[kus feyxsa rc ^vkxs*
gksbfg lqxhz o ferkbZ**A izHkq dks bl gsBh Hkjs esa vuqLokj ugha yxk;k ^îqfu j?kqukFk pys cu
dk;Z ls cpkus ds fy;s dkC;&dqy&Hkw"k.k o vkxs] eqfu cj càn fciqy l¡x ykxs**] ^^vfLFk
ea=&ra= ds Kkrk ¼lkcj ea= tky ftUg lewg nsf[k j?kqjk;k**3@8@5&6A
flfjtk1@14@5½ xksLokehth us ;gk¡ ,d NksVk ;gka dk ^fuvjk;k* in vkSj [kM+h cksyh ds
lk VksVdk fd;k gS A igys rks mUgksaus Jhjketh ^fuand fuvjs jkf[k;s* ds ^fuvjs* dk ,d gh
ds tVkeqdqV ij txekrh gqbZ ef.k yxkbZ ¼vkxsa vFkZ gS fdUrq vWaxzsth ds fuvj Near 'kCn ls
'kCn ij yxk gqvk vuqLokj &a gh ef.k gS½ fQj bldk mPpkj.k o Hkko fdruk feyrk gSA ij
j?kqjk;k ds ihNs N=&n.Md dh O;oLFkk Hkh dh rc rd vaxzst Hkkjr ugha vk;s FksA ekuuk gksxk
¼icZr 'kCn ij yxk gqvk jsQ &Z gh N= gSA½ fd fuvj] vij tSls ‘kCn Hkkjrh; nsu gSaA
ef.k vkSj N= ;s Vhdkdkj dh dksjh dYiuk rg¡ jg lfpo lfgr lqxzhok A vkor nsf[k
ugha gS vkidks ckydk.M ds uke izdj.k esa vrqy cy lhaaok A
Li”V fy[kk feysxk& ogk¡ ¼fj";ewd ioZr ij½ lqxhz oth vius eaf=;ksa
^^,dq N=q ,dq eqdVq efu lc cjufu ij ¼tkeoarth] guqekuth] uy] uhykfn½ ds lkFk
tksmA jgrs gSaA mUgsa ¼nwj ls gh½ vrqfyr cy lhek
rqylh j?kqcj uke ds cju fcjktr ¼izHkq ds cy dk o.kZu lhek ls ijs gS vr% cy
nksm**AA1@20 lhoka n'kkZ;k½ okys vkrs fn[kkbZ iM+sA
bl VksVds dh ef.k ds QyLo:i dfg;s ^rg¡ jg lfpo lfgr lqxzhok& lfpo ¾ ea=h]
;k izHkq ds eq[kkjfoUn ls Lor% izLQqfVr gksus ^rg¡ jg lfpo lfgr* vFkkZr~ ea=h lkFk esa jgrs
okys izdk'k ds dkj.k dfg;s] tks Hkh dkj.k jgk gSa blls lwfpr fd;k fd dHkh jktk Fks vc
gks lqxhz oth nwj ls gh pkSad iM+s vkSj mUgksaus vinLr gSa] blfy;s fj";ewd ioZr ij jgrs gSaA
viuh rjQ ls igy djds guqekuth dks foijhr ifjfLFkfr esa Hkh eaf=;ksa us budk lkFk
iBk;kA ^dqUnsUnhoj* esa foykse jke uke dh ugha NksM+k] blls budh lq;ksX;rk] lTturk dk
ppkZ dh xbZ FkhA ;gk¡ Hkh izlax dk izkjEHk irk pyrk gSA uhfr 'kkL= esa dgk x;k gS fd
foykse ¼vuqLokj &a¾e~] jsQ &Z¾j½ jke uke ls jkT; ds lkr iz/kku vaxksa esa ;Fkk jktk] ea=h]
fd;k x;k gSA uke ti dh nksuksa fo/kk;sa 'kkL= fe=] dks"k] jkT;] fdyk vkSj lsuk esa ls ;fn
lEer gSa vfUre ik¡p vax Uk"V gks tk;sa vkSj dsoy jktk
¼^foKku/kkekoqHkkS*½ okYehfdth ds fy;s Li”V o lgh ijke'kZ nsus okys ea=h gh 'ks"k jgsa rc
dgk gS ^^myVk uke tir txq tkuk] ckyehfd Hkh jkT; dh iqu% izkfIr gks tk;sxhA foHkh"k.kth
Hk, czã lekuk**2@193@8 T;ksfr"k 'kkL= esa ds lUnHkZ esa Hkh ;gh ns[kus dks feyrk gSA jko.k
;k=k izLFkku ds iwoZ ;k dk;kZjEHk ds le; ds }kjk viekfur o pj.k&izgkj djds fudkys
viuk pUnzek ns[kus dk tkus ds ckn Hkh lfpoksa us foHkh"k.kth dk lkFk
fo/kku gSA vuqLokj ;kus ê* pUnzcht gS ^^gsrq ugha NksM+k ^^lfpo lax yS uHk iFk
x;Å**A5@40@9 blfy;s mUgsa yadk jkT; dh gksdj vkus okys dks ns[k jgs gSa vr% guqekuth
izkfIr gqbZA vkSj jko.k dk loZuk'k Hkh mlds dk
lfpoksa ds }kjk dh xbZ pkilwlh o xyr /;kukd"kZ.k djus ds fy;s ^lquq guqekuk* dgkA
ijke’kZ ds dkj.k gqvk ^^lksb jkou dgq¡ cuh îq#"k tqxy cy :i fu/kkuk& îq#"k*& iqjk.kkfn
lgkbZ] vLrqfr djfga ¼lfpo½ lqukb xzUFkksa esa] dchjth dh ok.kh esa] vkSj xq#
lqukbZA**5@37@1A f’k{kk gS fd ijke’kZ lq;ksX; xzUFklkfgc esa Hkh îq#"k* ;k ^vdky iq#"k* in
tuksa ls ysuk pkfg;s vkSj pkiywlksa ls cpuk Hkxoku ds vFkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gSA xksLokehth
pkfg;s] jketh ds gh opu gSa ^^nq”V lax tfu us Hkh bls blh vFkZ esa ;gk¡ Hkh vkSj lewps
nsbZ fc/kkrk**5@45@7 lqxhz oth ds pkjksa lfpo êkul* esa Hkh iz;qDr fd;k gS ^îq#"k flag nksm
viuh viuh Js.kh esa loZJs”V gSaA chj gjf"k pys eqfu Hk; gju** 1@208 ^îq#"k
^vkor nsf[k vrqy cy lhaok& vkus okys vHkh izfl) izdkl fuf/k izxV ikjkoj ukFk**1@116
bruh nwjh ij gSa fd os ,d gSa ;k nks ;g Hkh ,d jkspd vk[;kf;dk Hkh gSA dgrs gSa fd tc
ugha dgk tk ldrk vr% la[;k ugha fy[kh ehjkckbZ oÙnkou esa ukHkknklth ls feyus igq¡ph
fdUrq brus izHkkleku gS fd mUgsa cy lhoka rks ukHkknklth us f'k"; ds }kjk dgyk fn;k fd
¼lhek½ fn[ksaA cy lhoka gh D;ksa fn[ksa blds eSa fL=;ksa ls ugha feyrk gw¡A bl ij ehjkckbZ us
xksLokehth us fy;s igys gh fy[k j[kk gS vk'p;Z O;Dr djrs gq;s dgk fd eSa rks ;gh
^^ftUg ds jgh Hkkouk tSlh] izHkq ewjfr frUg lqurs vkbZa gw¡ fd oÙnkou esa rks ,d ek= iq#"k
ns[kh rSlhA uUnth dks yky gh gS ;s nwljs iq#"k dgk¡ ls vk
ns[kfga :i egk ju/khjk] eugq¡ chj jl /kjsa x;s\ dgrs gSa fd bruk lqurs gh ukHkknklth
ljhjkA 1@240@4 >V ckgj fudy vk;sA
vkxs ds o.kZukuqlkj rks lqxhz oth dks yxk fd ;s jketh vHkh buls dkQh nwjh ij gSaA
ckyh ds Hksts gq;s yM+kdw gSa fdUrq oLrqr% rhuksa bldk vuqeku blh ls yxk ysa fd vHkh
yksdksa dks nsfnI;eku djus okyh bu Hkzkrkvksa dh lqxhz oth o guqekuth esa vkSj laokn gksus gSaA
Jhvaxksa ls fudyus okyh dkfUr ^îq:"k fla/k fQj guqekuth dks cVq #i /kkj.k djus esa vkSj
frgq iqj mftvkjs** ds dkj.k gh mUgsa cylhoka ogk¡ rd igWqapus esa Hkh dqN u dqN le; yxsxk
yxsA nwj ls gh fn[kkbZ iM+ tkuk ;g lqxhz oth ghA rc Hkh] Jhjke guqekuth dh HksaV ioZr ds
dh ltx izo`fÙk dk ifjpk;d gS ,oa rst iqat uhps gh gksxhA blh nwjh ds dkj.k gh lqxhz oth
ls cy dk vuqeku yxk ysuk Kkuh dk dks vkus okys nks gSa ;k ,d ;gh le> ugha iM+
ifjpk;d gSA ;ksa Hkh lqxhz oth lw;Z iq= ;kus jgk FkkA fdUrq igys mUgsa ^cy lhaok* dh fQj
Kkuiq¡t lw;Z ds va'k ls leqRiUu gaSA ^cy #i fu/kkuk* dh izrhfr gqbZ rks fdl dkj.k
vfr lHkhr dg lquq guqekuk A iq#"k ls gqbZ \
tqxy cy :i fu/kkuk AA bl 'kadk dk ,d mÙkj rks ogh gS tks
vR;Ur Hk;Hkhr Hkko ls lqxhz oth us dgk gs n'kjFkth ds iz'u fd ^dggq fcnsg dou fcf/k
guqeku! lquks! ;s iq#"k ¼,d ugha½ nks gSa] cy ds tkus*] ;kus jke y{e.kth dks tudjkt us dSls
lkFk gh :i ds Hkh fu/kku ¼/kkeh½ gSa] rstLoh igpkuk] ds izR;qÙkj esa tudiqj ds nwrksa us fn;k
gSaA gS&
^vfr lHkhr dg lquq guqekuk& ^vfr lHkhr* ^îwNu tksxq u ru; rqEgkjs] iq#"k fla/k frgq iqj
ls tuk;k fd vU; lfpokfn Hkh Mjs gSa fdUrq mft;kjsA
lqxhz oth vfr Hk;Hkhr gks x;sA guqekuth dks ftUg ds tl izrki ds vkxs] lfl eyhu jfc
lEcksf/kr fd;k gS rkRi;Z gS fd ;s Mjs gq;s ugha lhry ykxsA
gSa ;k /;kuexu Hkh gks ldrs gSaA lHkh ,dkxz
frUg dg¡ dfgv ukFk fdfe phUgs] nsf[kv jfc okYehfd jkek;.k esa rks lqxhz oth us
fd nhi dj yhUgsA** viuh vksj eq[k djds ckr djus dh dgh gSa
fdUrq eq[; dkj.k rks ;gh gS fd izHkq ^êeSokfHkeq[ka fLFRok i`PNRoa gfj
ftl ij dìk djrs gSa mls gh mudh efgek dk iqaxo**4@2@26A tksfd lEHko gh ugha gSA
cks/k gksrk gS& ^^lksb tkufg tsfg nsgq v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Hkh gkFk ds vxzHkkx ls
tukbZ**A2@126@3 fj”;ewd tSlh _f”k;ksa dh b'kkjk djus dk gh fy[kk gS ^^;fn rkS nq"V
ekSu lk/kuk LFkyh ij Hkh lqxhz oth ltx ân;kS laKk dq# djkxzr%**4@1@10A ogha ls
¼lHkhr½ gks x;sA muds vfr lHkhr gksus esa Hkh ladr s djus dk vfHkizk; gS fd ;fn dgha Hkkxuk
izHkq dh dìk gh fufgr gSA tc izHkq us lrhth gh iM+ tk;s rks os vf/kd ls vf/kd nwj tk
dks viuk izHkko fn[kyk;k ^^fut izHkkm dNq ldsaA
izxfV tukok** rc os Hkh lqxhz oth dh Hkk¡fr gh iB, ckfy gksfga eu eSyk A HkkxkSa rqjr
lHkhr gqbZa Fkha& ^^lksb j?kqcj lksb yfNeuq lhrk] rtkSa ;g lSyk AA
nsf[k lrh vfr HkbZ lHkhrk**A1@54@5 lqxhz oth ;fn ckyh ds Hksts gq;s gksosa vkSj muds
foosdh gSa le;kuqdy w fu.kZ; ysus esa ekfgj gSa eu esa ¼esjs izfr½ eSy ;k iki yxs rks bl ioZr
vr% os Hkkxs ugha cfYd fo'okl ds vorkj dks Hkh rt dj rqjar Hkkx tkÅ¡A
Jhguqekuth dk iYyk mUgksaus vkSj dlds idM+ îB, ckfy gksfga eu eSyk& îB, ckfy* dgus
fy;kA esa lqxhz oth dk vfHkizk; gS fd ckyh Lo;a rks
/kfj cVq :i ns[kq rSa tkbZ A dgslq tkfu bl fj";ewd ioZr ij erax _f"k ds Jki ds
dkj.k ¼ftldh ppkZ vkxs vk;sxh½ vkus ls jgkA
ft;¡ l;u cq>kbZ AA fdUrq og egk vfHkekuh ckyh eq>s ejokus ds
gs guqeku! rqe czãpkjh dk :i /kkj.k mn~ns'; ls izk;% ftu cy'kkyh yksxksa dks Hkstrk
djds tkvks vkSj mUgsa ns[kks&ij[kksaA muds th jgrk gS] ;fn ;s mlh izdkj ls ckyh ds Hksts
¼ân;½ dk eeZ tku dj eq>s ogha ls ladr s ds gq;s gksa vkSj eu ds eSys gksa rks eq>s ogha ls
}kjk crk nsukA ladrs dj nsuk rkfd Hkkx ldwaA D;ksafd ;s ^cy
^/kfj cVq :i ns[kq rSa tkbZ& lqxhz oth dk :i fu/kkuk* ¼vrqyuh; cy ds Lokeh½ gSa] buls
O;ogkfjd Kku iza'k"kuh; gSA fj";ewd ioZr ds yM+ dj eSa thr ugha ikÅ¡xk] ekjk tkÅaxkA
lehi eraxth tSls vusd _f"k;ksa eqfu;ksa ds ^HkkxkSa rqjr rtkSa ;g lSyk& ckyh ds fy;s dgk
vkJe gSaA tgk¡ v/;;u gsrq cVqd ¼fo|kFkhZ½ x;k gS fd og vius fuR; izfr dh la/;ksikluk
jgrs gSaA cVqdksa esa ftKklk dh izo`fr Hkh vf/kd pkjksa leqnzksa ds fdukjs tkdj djrk Fkk&
gksrh gSA iz'uksÙkfj ls vkxUrqdksa ds eu esa fdlh ^^prqH;ksZ·fi leqnzsH;% la/;keUokL; jko.kA
izdkj dh 'kadk u mits blfy;s cVqd :i bna eqgwrZek;kfr ckyh fr"B eqgwrZde~**AA
/kkj.k djus dh dghA lqxhz oth uhfrfuiq.k Hkh 7@34@6ok0jk0
gSaA vr% igys lq;ksX; guqekuth ds }kjk ijh{kk ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd ckyh lw;ksZn; ds
ysus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA igys gh if'pe leqnz ls iwoZ leqnz rd vkSj
^dgslq tkfu ft;¡ l;u cq>kbZ& l;u¾ladrs nf{k.k lkxj ls mÙkj rd ?kwe vkrk gS fQj Hkh
ogha ls lSu ds }kjk cq>kus dk rkRi;Z gS fd og Fkdrk ugha gSA
Jhjkey{e.kth lkeus ls] mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj ^^leqnzkr if'pekr~ iwoZa nf{k.kknfipksRrje~A
ls vk jgs gSSa vkSj guqekuth buds le{k tkdj ØkeR;uqfnrs lw;sZ ckyh O;ixrDye%**AA
okrkZyki djsxas rks vo’; gh budh ihB 4@11@4ok0jk0
lqxhz oth dh vksj jgsxh ftlls eq[kkd`fr ds Hkko ,slh vn~Hkqr {kerk gksus ds ckn Hkh]
vkSj izfrfØ;k;sa fn[kykbZ ugha iM+sxhaA vr% ogha /kkodksa ds :i esa lw;Z iq= lqxhz oth gh ckyh ls
ls gkFk ds vxzHkkx ls ladr s djus dks dgkA
bDdhl iM+rs gSa ckYehfd jkek;.k esa bUgsa gksrh gSA 'kkL=ksa esa] lar opuksa esa ,d ek= izHkq
bUnziq= o lw;Ziq= dgk x;k gS& dk pfj= gh ftKklk dk fo"k; dgk x;k gSA
^ôkujsUnza egsUnzkHkfeUnzks okfyuekRete~A ogk¡ ^d* dk rkRi;Z gS czã vkSj ^fi* vFkkZr
lqxzhoa tu;kekl riuLrirka oj%**AA iku djukA ^dfi* ¾ ^da lq[ka ikfr j{krhfr
1@17@10ok0jk0 dfi*] Hkko gS fd tks lq[k Lo:i Hkxon~ jl
vr% cy esa bUnz iq= ckyh vizfre gSa dk iku vkSj ifjj{k.k djrk gS mls dfi dgrs
rks ^vkRek oS tk;rs iq=* bl U;k; ls lw;Z iq= gSaA Li”V ‘kCnksa esa dfi ;kus Hkä] ekul Hkfä
lqxhz o /kkodksa esa vf}rh; gaSA blh {kerk ds ‘kkL= gS rks
dkj.k gh os vkt rd ckyh dh idM+ esa ugha fdf”dU/kkdk.M bldk Hkfä ;ksx v/;k; gS vkSj
vk;sA lqxhz oth dk eu mf}Xu gS] blfy;s ;gk¡ lqxhz oth] Lo;aizHkkth] lEikrhth vkfn lHkh
muds dFkuksidFku esa Øe c)rk ugh gSA ckyh fofHkUu izdkj dh mikluk djus okys Hkä gSaA
ds Hksts gq;s yxs] bl fu.kZ;xr ckr dks igys êkFk ukb iwNr vl Hk;Å& xksLokehth us
dguk pkfg;s Fkk fdUrq ladr s djus dh ckr os Åij ^fciz :i /kfj* ds LFkku ij ^cVqd :i
igys dg x;sA ^rtkSa ;g lSyk* dgus esa Hkh /kfj* fy[k fn;k gksrk rks bl pkSikbZ esa dksbZ
mudh mf}Xurk >ydrh gSA bl rF; dks tkurs deh gh ugha fn[krhA lqxhz oth dh vkKk Hkh
gSa fd muds fy;s fj";ewd ls vf/kd lqjf{kr v{kj'k% ikyu gqbZ yxrh ,oa cVqd ds ukrs
vkJ; LFky lalkj esa dksbZ ugha gSA bls NksM+dj {kf=;ksa dks eLrd uokus dk dk;Z Hkh vkSfpR;
vc dgk¡ tk;saxs blij fopkj fd;s fcuk gh eq¡g iw.kZ dgykrkA fdUrq larf'kjksef.k
ls ckr fudky nhA dfo&dqy&Hkw"k.k Jhrqylhnklth dh ;g ftKklk
fciz :i /kfj dfi rg¡ x;Å A ekFk ukb mitkus okyh 'kSyh] vius vkiesa gh] xw<+ rRo
iwNr vl Hk;Å AA ;k jl fo'ks"k dh vksj /;kukd"kZ.k djkus dk
Jhguqekuth egkjkt czkã.k dk :i ,d vn~Hkqr ek/;e gSA la{ksi esa le> ysa fd
/kkj.k djds ogk¡ ¼ioZr ds uhps Jhjkey{e.k ds v/;;u jr czãpkjh dks cVq dgrsa gS ^^csn
ikl½ x;s vkSj viuk eLrd uok dj ;ksa iwNus i<+fg tuq cVq leqnkbZ**] blds vuqlkj]
yxs& guqekuth egkjkt ls Js"B cky&czãpkjh vHkh
^fciz :i /kfj dfi rg¡ x;Å & ;g i¡fDr vkSj rd rks dksbZ ns[kus lquus esa ugha vk;kA rc
bl izlax ls ftKklk gksrh gS fd fQj lqxhz oth us cVq :i
lEcfU/kr vxyh lHkh iafDr;ksa esa xw<+ rRo Hkjk /kkj.k djus dh vkKk gh D;ksa nh\ ;k mldh
gqvk gS blfy;s izFke iafDr esa gh pkSadkus okyh vko';drk gh D;ksa gqbZ\ oLrqr% pkjksa gh o.kksZa
lkexzh j[k nh xÃA lqxhz oth us cVq :i /kkj.k ds fo|k/;;ujr cky&;qok czãpkjh cVqd
djus dh vkKk nh Fkh vkSj guqekuth egkjkt dgykrs gSa vkSj ,sls ^vrqy cy lhaok*] ^cy
u dsoy czkã.k ds :i esa i/kkjs gSa cfYd vkrs :i fu/kkuk* O;fDrRo okys îq#"k&;qxy* dk eeZ
gh 'kkL= e;kZnk fo#)] czkã.k gksdj Hkh {kf=; tkuuk gS rks mlds vuq#i Lo;a esa Hkh ik=rk
dks eLrd uokus dk dk;Z fd;k gS] D;ksa \ bldk gksuh pkfg;sA vr% guqekuth egkjkt us okuj
lek/kku vxyh i¡fDr ds HkkokFkZ esa gSA pw¡fd laLd`fr ds fpUgksa dks yqIr dj czkã.k czãpkjh
Hkxoku f’ko us ;gk¡ guqekuth ds fy;s ^dfi* ds fo'ks"k fpUgksa dks /kkj.k fd;k gSA okYehfd
lEcks/ku iz;qä fd;k gS vr% igys mldk xw<+ jkek;.k esa] iou iq= guqekuth us Lor%
Hkko le> ysa rks vkxs lqfo/kk feysxhA ^dfi* lEHkk"k.k esa dgk Hkh gS fd dfi dks 'kB cqf)
'kCn pyukFkZ ^d* xfreku di /kkrq ls cuk gSA u le>ysa blfy;s eSa fHk{kq ¼cVq½ :i /kkj.k
^d* ftKklk dk Hkh izrhd gS blls dks] dkSu] djrk gw¡&
dSls] D;ksa] dh] D;k bR;kfn 'kCnksa dh fu"ifÙk ^^dfi:ia ifjR;T; guqeku ek#rkRet%A
fHk{kq :ia rrks Hksts 'kBcqf)r;k dks rqEg L;key xkSj ljhjk A N=h :i
dfi%**AA4@3@2 fQjgq cu chjk AA
êkFk ukb* ds fo"k; esa gesa Hkys gh 'kadk gks gs {kf=; :i ls ¼Lokax ls½ ou esa
fdUrq guqekuth egkjkt dks buds czã gksus esa fQjus okys ou ohjksa! dì;k crk;sa fd
fdafpr ek= dh 'akdk ugha gSA ftUgsa muds ekFk fpÙkkd"kZd ';key vkSj xkSj o.kZ ds 'kjhjksa esa
uokus ds deZ esa 'kadk fn[krh gS mUgsa muds dgs ¼foHkwfr:i esa½ vki dkSu gSaA
bu opuksa ^^dh rqEg rhfu nso eg¡ dksÅ] uj ^dks rqEg L;key xkSj ljhjk& izHkq ds Lo:i ds
ukjk;u dh rqEg nksÅ** dks Hkh rkSy&ij[k ysuk ckjs esa okYehfdth us izHkq ds le{k gh dgk gS
pkfg;sA fd vkidh bl lr~&fpr&vkuUn e; vkSj
oLrqr% izHkq dh vkstfLork gh mUgsa vyf{kr vfodkjh nsg dks dksbZ fodkj jfgr vf/kdkjh gh
jgus ugha nsrhA tudjkt us rks mUgsa Li"V :i tku ikrk gS ^^fpnkuane; nsg rqEgkjh] fcxr
esa czã dgk gS ^^czã tks fuxe usfr dfg xkok] fcdkj tku vf/kdkjh**A2@126@5] guqekuth
mHk; cs"k /kfj dh lksb vkok**A1@215@2] rks v/;kRe ds ewy lk{kkr~ J)k fo'okl ds gh
tudiqjh dh fL=;ksa us Hkh bUgss >jks[ks ls ns[k ?kuhHkwr¾#nzkorkj gSa ^^Hkokuh ‘kadjkS oUns
dj gh phUg fy;k Fkk] ^^vij nsm vl dksm u J)kfo’okl :fi.kkS**A izHkq dks tkuus okyk
vkgh] ;g Nfc l[kh iVrfjv buls Js"B vf/kdkjh vkSj dkSu gks ldrk gS\
tkgh**A1@219@8 vkSj rks vkSj ;gk¡ ';key o.kZ ls rkRi;Z gS dksey uhyk
[kj&nw"k.k&f=f'kjkfn tSls fu'kkpjksa us Hkh bUgsa jax] tSls fd uhy dey dk] uhyef.k ¼uhye½
,d gh n`f"V esa igpku fy;k Fkk ^ûkx vlqj dk] ty ls vkIyqr es?kksa dk] e;wj ds d.B dk
lqj uj eqfu tsrs] ns[ks ftrs grs ge ;Fkk&
dsrsA3@18@3 tc 'kadkyq izo`fÙk okys lqxhz oth ^ûhy ljks#g uhyefu uhy uhj /kj
dks Hkh] nwj ioZr ij cSBs&cSBs gh izHkq dh L;keA
fo'ks"krk,a fn[kykbZ iM+ jgh gSa rc guqekuth yktfga ru lksHkk fujf[k dksfV dksfV lr
egkjkt rks ^Kkfuuke~xzx.;e~* gSa mUgsa D;ksa ugha dke**AA1@146
fn[ksaxh\ ekul lfgr lHkh ikSjkf.kd xzUFkksa esa] Hktuksa esa
vorkj ds ckjs esa Kku gksus ds ckn Hkh mls Hkh] tgk¡ dgha ';ke] ';keya- lakoyk ;k lkaojk
xqIr j[kus dk fo/kku gS] ^^xqIr :i vorjsm ¼eSa rks lkaojs ds jax jkph¾ehjkckbZ½ in feys rks
izHkq x,¡ tku lcq dksb**1@48A izHkq dh tku ys fd jpukdkj us ijkRij czã ds lxq.k
fojg&yhyk dk jlkLoknu rks Hkxoku 'kadj us lkdkj Lo:i dk fnXn'kZu djkus ds fy;s gh
vR;Ur fudVrk ls fd;k fdUrq yhyklaoj.k ds bls iz;qDr fd;k gSA
fy;s mls izdV ugha gksus fn;k ^dqle; tkfu u ^ljhjk* & 'kkL=ksa esa 'kjhj ;k ekuo nsgh dks
dhfUg fpUgkjh*A ijUrq iz.kke mUgksaus Hkh fd;k gS vfuR;] vlr] v/ke vkfn dgk x;k gSA
^^frUg uì lqrfg dhUg ijukek] dfg Jhxhrkth esa Hkh Hkxoku Jhd`".k us bls uk'koku
lfPpnkuan ij/kkek**A1@49@7 Hkxoku f'ko gh dgk gS ^vUroUr bes nsgk fuR;L;ksäk%
rks #nzkorkj guqekuth gSa& 'kjhfj.k*A2@18 ekul esa Hkh ^'kjhj* in dks
^^tsfg ljhj jfr jke lks lksb vknjfga vfuR;] v/ke vkfn vFkZ esa gh iz;qDr fd;k
lqtkuA x;k gS& ^^jgfga u vargq ^v/ke ljh#* tlq u
#nznsg rft usgcl ckuj Hks ygsm fcNqjr j?kqch:**A 2@143@4 ;k ^^canm¡
guqeku**AA nksgkoyh&142 lcds -pju lqgk,] ^v/ke ljhj* jke ftUg
vr% ^^ldy xq.k fu/kkue~** esa Hkwy ls flj ik,**1@17@2A ckyh ds izlax esa Hkh izHkq us
uok;k gS ,slk lkspuk gh cM+h Hkwy gSA
rkjkth dks mins'k nsrs gq;s 'kjhj dks v/ke] vyx gSaA½ vk;k gSA xw<+kFkZ esa ôu*] ^czã* vkSj
uk'koku gh dgk gS& czãk.M dk rFkk ôhjk* mlds ijkRij Lokeh
^îap jfpr vfr ^v/ke ljhjk*] izxV lks ruq jketh dk ladr s d gSA
ro vkxs lksok**A ¼2½ bl dk.M ds izfrfuf/k 'yksd ^^lhrkjke
fdUrq vorfjr gksus ds fy;s izHkq dks Hkh xq.kxzke iq.;kj.; fogkfj.kkS* 1@’yksd@4 esa
'kjhj dh vko';drk dgh xbZ gSA vorkj ^vj.;*¾^cu* in vk;k gSA ;gk¡ mlh vj.;
izdj.k ç’uksaÙkjh esa Hkxoku f'ko ds opu gSa fd ds vuq:i gh bl fdf"dU/kkdk.M dk
^tc tc gksbZ /kje dS gkuh*] ^rc rc izHkq /kfj ^dqUnsUnhoj* 'yksd 'kknZwy foØhfMr NUn esa jpk
fcfc/k ljhjk] gjfga dìkfuf/k lTtu x;k gSA 'kknZwy¾flag] ;gk¡ rkRi;Z uj 'kknwZy
ihjkA1@120@8A ^fcfc/k ljhjk* ds }kjk Jhjke y{e.kth ls gSA okYehfd jkek;.k esa Hkh
f’koth us tks ogk¡ miØe fd;k Fkk mlh lUnHkZ blh Hkko dk 'yksd gS ^^flag foizsf{krkS ohjkS
esa ;gk¡ ^L;key xkSj ljhjk* dgk x;k gSA vHkh egkcy ijkØekS**4@3@9A izHkq fdl çdkj ds
eaxykpj.k 'yksd esa izHkq dks ^foKku /kkekoqHkkS* cu chjk gSa ;g mUgksaus Lo;a [kjnw"k.k ds nwrksa
vFkkZr ije Kkuh ds :i esa dgk gSA vU;= dks crk;k gS ^^ge N=h e`x;k cu djgha] rqEg
;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd vki lcds ân; esa ls [ky e`x [kkstr fQjgha**3@18@9A bl
fojkteku gSa vkSj vUr%dj.k ds Hkkoksa dks dk.M esa Hkh ckyh dk o/k ¼vk[ksV½ djuk gS
tkurs gS ^^lc ds mj varj clgq tkugq Hkkm ^^c/ksgq C;k/k bo ckfy fcpkjk**A6@89@5
dqHkkm**2@257A blfy;s Jhguqekuth us 'kjhj blfy;s ^cu chjk* dgkA
in nsdj gh viuk earO; izHkq rd igqWapk fn;kA dfBu Hkwfe dksey in xkeh A dou gsrq
Hkko gS fd bl vfuR; 'kjhj :ih pksys esa fuR; fcpjgq cu Lokeh AA
pSrU; fpUe; jkf'k Lo:i vki gh gS u \ ;g ¼fj";ewd ioZr dh½ Hkwfe dBksj ,oa iFkjhyh
^N=h :i fQjgq cu chjk& ;gk¡ {kf=; ds lkFk gS vkSj vkids pj.k vR;Ur dksey gSaA gs ou
^:i* in iz;qDr djds Jhguqekuth us vius Lokeh! vki bu dksey Jhpj.kksa ls ¼ik¡ojh]
Hkkoksa dks vkSj lqLi"V fd;k gSA mudk vfHkizk;% [kM+kÅ¡ vkfn /kkj.k fd;s fcuk½ bl ou esa fdl
gS fd vkius {kf=; dk :i ;kus Lokax jp j[kk mn~ns'; ls fopj.k dj jgs gSa \
gS tSls fd eSusa foiz :i ^dfBu Hkwfe dksey in xkeh& tc Hkjrth
/kkj.k dj j[kk gSA eaxykpj.k ds 'yksd esa fp=dwV ds fy;s pys rc iz;kxjkt tSlh dksey
chtd :i esa jketh ds fy;s êk;k ekuq"k Hkwfe esa Hkh muds iSjksa esa Nkys iM+ x;s Fks
:fi.kkS* in iz;qã fd;k gS mlh dk foLrkj ;gk¡ ^^>ydk >ydr ik;Ug dSls] idat dksl vksl
^N=h :i* esa gqvk gS vkSj vkxs {kk= /keZ ds du tSls**A2@203@1 rc ml Hkwfe dks gh
ikyu gsrq gh izHkq us ckyh dk o/k Hkh fd;k gSA e`nqy gksuk iM+k&
^cu chjk*& dgus ds dbZ vfHkizk;% gSa ¼1½ jke ^^dksey pju pyr fcuq iugha]Hkb ènq Hkwfe lqdqfp eu
pfjr dk xw<+ rRo tkuus ds fy;s ekrk ikoZrh eughaA0000
us tks pkSng iz'u fd;s gSa( muesa NBs iz'u dk dql daVd dk¡djh dqjkbZa] dVqd dBksj dqcLrq
iwokZ)Z ^^cu cfl dhUgsa pfjr nqjkbZa**2@310@4
vikjk**A1@109@7] dk izR;qÙkj vj.;dk.M ls Jhjketh u dsoy Hkwfetk ¼Jhlhrkth½
izkjEHk gksdj lqUnjdk.M rd pyk gSA bl chp ds ifr gSa cfYd ;s rks pjkpj ds gh ifr gSa
tgk¡ Hkh ^cu* in vk;s gSa os mijksDr iz'u ds vr% buds fy;s rks lqeu e; ekxZ gksuk gh gS
gh lUnHkZ lwpd gSaA fdf"dU/kk dk.M esa ^pys ^^lfjrk cu fxfj vo?kV ?kkVk] îfr* ifgpkfu
ldy cu [kkstr* rd ^cu* in 7 ckj ¼lkr nsfga cj ckVk** 3@6@4A blfy;s bl dBksj
lgSrqd gSa] vkSj ^dkuu] micu* in buls Hkwfe esa Hkh Jhguqekuth dks izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa esa
Nkys ;k #{krk ds LFkku ij vykSfdd lqde q kjrk fy;k fd ^^dou gsrq fcpjgq cu** dkj.k D;k
ds n'kZu gq;sA fdlh Hkh fopkjoku O;fDr ds gS \
fy;s bruk lk ladr s gh iz;kZIr gS fQj ^Lokeh*& ;gk¡ buds 'kjhj ij jktiq#"kksa ds
guqekuth rks ^cqf)erka ofj"Be~* gSA oL=kHkw"k.k ugha cfYd eqfu;ksa ds oYdy gSa
în xkeh*& ix iugha ¼[kM+kÅ¡&ik¡ojh½ igus ^êqfuiV dfVUg dlsa rquhjk**A2@114@8] flj
fcuk gh izHkq v;ks/;k ls fudy gq;s gSa ^, ij Hkh tVk;s gSa ^^vuqt lfgr flj tVk
fcpjfga ex fcuq in «kkuk*2@118@6] cuk,a**1@93@4 vkSj vk;q/k rks ij'kqjketh Hkh
^^jkey[ku fl; fcuq ix iugha] dfj eqfu os"k j[krs gSaA oLrqr% /kuq”k ;K esa tks o.kZu
fQjfga cu cugha 2@210@8A bl ân; nkgd ij'kqjketh ds Lo:i dk gqvk gS] ogh Lo:i
lwpuk ls gh Hkjrth dh Hkw[k vkSj uhan ekjh ogh os'kHkw"kk bl le; bu nksuksa Hkkb;ksa dh Hkh
xbZ Fkh& gSA ogk¡ y{e.kth us mUgsa muds lgt LoHkko o
^^,fg nq[k nkg¡ ngb fnu Nkrh] Hkw[k u cklj uhan u Lo#i ds dkj.k gh ckj&ckj eqfu dgk gS ^^vgks
jkrh**2@211@1A equhl egk HkVekuh**A1@272@1 rc iz'u
lPps HkDr rks Hkko txr esa Hkh izHkq ds mBrk gS fd guqekuth us bUgsa êqfu* u dg
Jhpj.kksa ds /;ku esa [kks;s jgrs gSaA foHkh"k.kth dj ^Lokeh*
tc izHkq dh 'kj.kkxfr ikus ds fy;s yadk ls lEcks/ku D;ksa fn;k\ ,d rks ;g vkrZHkko ls
pys rc mUgsa çHkq ds Jhpj.kksa ds /;ku ds fudyk gh gS lkFk gh êkFk ukb iwNr vl
ek/;e ls gh mudh ,d&,d yhyk dk Lej.k Hk;Å* esa tks lek/kku fn;k gS ;kus czã tkudj
gqvk Fkk ^^ts in ijfl rjh fjf"kukjh ekFkk uok;k gS ogh lek/kku bl ^Lokeh* in dk
¼vfgY;kth½] nMad dkuu ikou dkjh** Hkh gSA tc loZK f'ko Jhjketh dks viuk
¼[kjnw"k.k o/k½A ^^ts in tudlqrk¡ mj yk,] Lokeh ekurs gSa ^^j?kqdy
q efu ee Lokfe lksb
diV dqjax lax /kj /kk,** dfg flo¡ uk;m ekFk**A1@116 rc fQj
¼ekjhpc/k½5@41@6&7 vkfn vkfnA tc #nzkorkj gqekuth dks gh vYiK ekuus dh Hkwy
Hkjrth tSls Hkä vkSjksa ls lqudj gh O;fFkr gks D;ksa dh tk;sA
mBs Fks mudh uhan Hkw[k ekjh xbZ rc guqekuth e`nqy euksgj lqanj xkrk A lgr nqlg cu
rks çR;{k esa mUgha v:.k e`nqy pj.kksa dks vkri ckrk AA
fpy&fpykrh vkidk Jh foxzg ¼xk=½ e`nqy euksgj vkSj
/kwi esa vkSj igkM+h jkLrs esa] fopj.k djrs gq;s lqUnj gSA fpÙk dk vigj.k djus okys ,sls
ns[k jgs gSaA buds ân; dh n'kk dk vuqeku rkss lqUnj xk= ls vki ou dh vlá xehZ vkSj yw
;gk¡ muds eq¡g ls vkrZ Hkko ls fudys ^Lokeh* ds FkisM+s lg jgs gSa!!!
lEcks/ku ls yx tkrk gS blds vkSj Hkh Hkko ê`nqy euksgj lqanj xkrk& izHkq ds Js"B lsodksa
vxyh pkSikb;ksa esa Li”V gksaxAs eas guqekuth gh vxzx.;~ ekus x;s gSa ^^fxfjtk
^dou gsrq fcpjgq cu Lokeh& czãcsyk ls gh tklq izhfr lsodkbZ] ckj ckj izHkq fut eq[k
lqxhz oth vkSj muds lfpoksa dh n`f"V izHkq ds xkbZ**A7@49@9 ;gk¡ igyh HksaV esa Hkh
fØ;k dyki ij&yxh gqbZ FkhA vk;w/kksa ls Jhguqekuth us lsod /keZ dh e;kZnk dk iwjh
lqlfTtr gksus ds dkj.k ;s nksuksa ohj ;k rjg ikyu fd;k gSA izHkq ls flj uok¡ dj
vk[ksVd rks yxrs FksA fdUrq bUgksaus u rks dksbZ ¼êkFk ukb*½ vkSj n`f"V uhps j[kdj gh ^dks
f'kdkj gh fd;k vkSj u gh dksbZ oLrq gh laxgz rqEg* iz'u fd;k gS] ,sls esa izHkq ds dksey
dh] ftlds fy;s yksx izk;% ouksa esa vkrs gSaA pj.kksa ij n`f"V iM+uk LoHkkfod gh gS vr%
blfy;s fiNyh v)kZyh esa ^fQjgq cu chjk* ds muds eq[k ls vkrZ Hkko ls vkSj vknj Hkko ls
}kjk ftKklk izdV dh Fkh vc lh/ks gh iwN ^Lokeh* 'kCn fudy iM+kA
ogh n`f"V tc fdafpr lh Åij mBdj izHkq ^/;ku nsosa*& eaxykpj.k ds 'yksd ls ;gk¡ rd
ds Jhvaxksa ij xbZ rks ogk¡ mUgsa Jhpj.kksa ls Hkh dh pkSikb;ksa esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa
vf/kd lqdkseyrk fn[kkbZ nhA vr,o vuk;kl ^fo"kekyadkj* dk iz;ksx gqvk gS tSlsfd dksey
muds eq¡g ls ;s rhu fo’ks”k.k ê`nqy] euksgj] iq"i ds lkFk ^vfrcykS* L;key ds lkFk ^xkSj
lqUnj* fudy iM+sA ljhjk*] dBksj Hkwfe rks ^dksey in xkeh*]
^xkrk*& eq[kkd`fr dks NksM+] 'kjhj ds 'ks"k leLr Jhvax e`nqy euksgj rks ^nqlg vkri ckrk*
vaxksa dks xk= ¼xkr½ dgk x;k gS ^^lc fllq bR;kfnA /;ku nsxas rks Li”V gks tk;sxk fd ;s
,fg fel iszecl ijfl euksgj xkr**1@224A lHkh ds lHkh in ,d nwljs ls fo"kerk fy;s gq;s
vfHkizk;% gS fd Jhguqekuth dh n`f"V xk= rd gSaA eaxykpj.k ds 'yksd esa ^'kksHkk<~;kS* in
gh igq¡ph gS] os vHkh izHkq ds eq[kkjfoUn dks chtd:i esa vk;k gS mlh dk o.kZu ;gk¡ ê`nqy
fugkj ugha ik;s gSaA euksgj lqanj xkrk* fd;k esa x;k gSA ml 'yksd
^lgr nqlg cu vkri ckrk& bu pkSikb;ksa esa esa mHk; ls ^mHkkS*] cyh ls ^cykS* ;k fiz; ls
^cu* 'kCn rhljh ckj vk;k gS ^cu chjk*] ^cu ^fiz;kS* dk l`tu nks Hkzkrkvksa dks n'kkZus ds fy;s
Lokeh* vkSj ^nqlg cu*A v/;kRe dh Hkk"kk esa ;k dkO;d`fr dh lqUnjrk c<+kus ds fy; gh ugha
ou dk rkRi;Z gS ^czã* vkSj ml czã dk fd;k x;k gS cfYd ogk¡ }Sr&Hkko ds }kjk
jlkLoknu djus okyksa dks ^dfi* ;k ôkuj* dgk ijerRo dh vksj fo'ks"k ladr s fd;s x;s gSaA
x;k gS ^ôus Hkoa okue~] okuajkfr bfr okuj%**¾ budh lgh O;k[;k dksbZ ijkKkuh ;k
ôu uked czã esa tks vkuUnjl gS mldk uke C;kdj.kkpk;Z gh dj ldrk gSA
gS oku] ml oku dks tks iznku] xzg.k ;k dh rqEg rhfu nso eg¡ dksÅ A uj ukjk;u
vkLoknu djrs gSa os okuj gSa*A dh rqEg nksÅ AA
^nqlg cu vkri ckrk* & Jhguqekuth egkjkt D;k vki czãk&fo".kq&egs'k bu rhu nsoksa esa ls
nq)Z"kZ ohj gSaA ouoklh gksus ds ukrs mUgsa ou ds dksbZ gSa vFkok vki nksuksa uj&ukjk;.k gh gSaA
d"V dHkh d"V gh ugha yxsA fdarq Bkdqjth dh ^dh rqEg rhfu nso egWa dksÅ& Jhguqekuth us
lEeksfgr djus okyh e`nqyrk dks ns[kdj vkt ,d ds ckn ,d djds vc rd N% iz'u fd;s
ioudqekj dk ân; Hkh nzohHkwr gks vk;kA otzkax gSaA mUgksaus mu lHkh eas izHkq ds Jhvaxksa dh
'kjhj ds ekfyd dks Hkh ou nqlá yxus yxk vizkd`frd&vykSfdd fnO;rk dks n'kkZrs gq;s]
vkSj _rq&vuqdwy iM+us okyh xjeh Hkh mUgsa ijczã ds ,s'o;Z dh vksj gh bafxr fd;k gSA
vlá izrhr gksus yxhA oLrqr% izHkq dh e`nqy ;fn ek#fruUnu dks buesa ls ,d iz'u dk Hkh
euksgj lqanjrk esa mUgsa vykSfdrrk ds n'kZu rks mÙkj fey tkrk rks ftl izdkj bl iz'u ¼rhu
gks jgs gSa fdUrq izHkq ds izfr izd`fr dk og lgt nso eg¡ dksÅ½ esa xqIr vorkj dks ¼xqIr :i
LoHkko Hkh Hkä ân; guqekuth dks lá ugha gks vorjsm izHkq x,¡ tku lcq dksb 1@48½ izdV
jgk gS blfy;s ^nqlá* dgkA fd;k gS] izdV u djuk iM+rkA blfy;s mÙkIr
^vkri ckrk*& vFkkZr rst /kwi vkSj yw ds eu ls lh/ks iwN fy;k fd f=nsoksa esa ls vki nks
FkisM+sA blls xzh"e _rq vkSj tsB&vk"kk<+ ekg dkSu gSa] czãk&fo".kq gSa ;k fQj fo".kq&egs'k gSaA
dk ladr s fd;k x;k gS D;ksafd yw bUgha eghuksa esa pw¡fd Hkxoku fo".kq dk o.kZ ';ke gS ¼xxu
pyrh gS lEHkor% vk"kk<+ ekg ds d`".k i{k dh ln`'ka es?ko.kZa lqHkkaxe~½ vkSj leqifLFkr Jhjketh
dksbZ frfFk gksuh pkfg;sA xksLokehth us ekul Hkh ^fudke ';ke lqUnja* gSaA blfy;s Jhjketh
Hkj esa blh izdkj ds ladr s ns j[ks gSaA ftuds ds fo"k; esa lansg de gSA dYi Hksn ¼^^dyi
vk/kkj ij lqfoKtu pkgsa rks lkjs izlaxksa dh Hksn gfj pfjr lqgk,] Hkk¡fr vusd equhlUg
lgh frfFk;ka ekywe dj ldrs gSaA xk;s**1@32@7½ ds dkj.k ;fn FkksM+h cgqr
HkzkfUr gS rks y{e.kth dks ysdj gh gSA pwWafd
czãkth ihr o.kZ ds gSa vkSj Hkxoku 'kadj xkSj dh rqEg vf[ky Hkqou ifr yhUg euqt
o.kZ ds gSa ^^diwZj xkSja d#.kkorkja** blfy;s bu vorkjAA1AA
nksuksa o.kksZa esa lgt vUrj djuk FkksM+k lk dgha vki bl txr ds ewy dkj.k ¼mRifÙk]
dfBu gSA ;ksa rks xksLokehth us cjoS&jkek;.k esa fLFkfr vkSj y; gksus ds fufeÙk dkj.k½]
czãkth dk mYys[k gh ugha djds bl lEHkkouk Hkolkxj ls ¼vkokxeu Øe ls½ ikj mrkjus
dks Hkh udkjk gS ^^dksm dg uj ukjk;.k] okys vkSj
gfjgj dksm**A ;ksa Lo;a Jhguqekuth dks Hkh /kjk&/kjrh dk iki :ih Hkkj dks u"V djus okys
vius fd;s iz'u ls lUrks"k ugha gqvk D;ksafd vFkok@vkSj leLr Hkqouksa ds Lokeh ;kus iw.kZ
czãk&fo".kq&egs'k ;s =hnso bu f=xq.kksa dze’k% czã us tks euqt vorkj fy;k gS os gh rks ugha
jtks] lrks o reksx.q k ds izrhdkRed nso ekus gSa \
tkrs gSaA xksLokehth us czãk&fo".kq&egs'k ds fy;s ^tx dkju*& vf/kdka'k erkoyEch bl txr dh
;gk¡ ^nso* ¼rhfu nso eg¡½ in O;oâr dj mRifÙk] fLFkfr vkSj y; dk fufeÙk dkj.k
osn~osnkUr dh e;kZnk dk Hkh lqUnj <ax ls fuokZg ijczãijes'oj dks ekurs gSaA fdUrq miknku ;kus
fd;k gSA vkSj bl rF; dks txg&txg Li"V lk/ku ;k dkj.kksa dks ysdj muesa Hkh vusd
Hkh fd;k gS ^^laHkq fcjafp fc".kq Hkxokuk] mitfga ererkUrj gSaA Jhguqekuth us vHkh ^rhfu* dgk
tklq val rs ukuk**A vr% ijkRijczã bu xq.kksa Fkk ¼rhfu nso e¡g dksÅ½ bls fof'k"V }Sroknh
ls ijs vkSj fHkUu gqvk ^^vxqu v[k.M vuar vius er dk ¼czã ls gh mn~Hkwr txr vkSj
vuknh] tsfg fparfg ijekjFk cknh**1@143@4 thokRek½ izfr iknu ekurs gSaA rnUrj nks dgk
blhfy;s guqekuth us yxs gkFk u;k iz'u [kM+k x;k ¼uj ukjk;.k dh rqEg nksÅ½ bls }Sroknh
dj fn;k& vius erkuqlkj ¼thokRek o ijekRek esa Hksn½
ûj ukjk;.k dh rqEg nksÅ & uj ukjk;.k dh ekurs gSaA vkSj vc ;gk¡
vorkj dh dFkk Jhen~Hkkxor iqjk.k ds izFke ^^tx dkju** ,d ek= iw.kZczãijekRek dks txr
LdU/k esa vorkjksa ds o.kZu esa vkbZ gSA bUgsa dk dkj.k dgk x;k gS] bls v}Sr oknh ;k
vkfn _f"k dgk x;k gS ^r;sZ /keZ dyk lxsZ uj osn&osnkUrh vius er ¼vkRek&ijekRek esa
ukjk;.kk o`"kh**1@3@9A ;gk¡ nksuksa Hkzkrk Hkh vfHkUurk½ ds vuqdy w fl) djrs gSaA
_f"k eqfu;ksa ds os"k esa gS ^tVk eqdqV ifj/ku ^jkekorkj* ds ,d dkj.k euq&'kr#ikth gSa ogk¡
eqfu phja*A3@10@3 vkSj uj ukjk;.k Hkh mUgsa ekuo l`f"V dk izlkjd dgk gS ^ftUg rsa
Jhjkey{e.kth ds leku Hkzkrk gSa ^ûj ukjk;.k HkS uj l`f"V vuwik*A vkSj ogha ,d v)kZyh esa
lfjl lqHkzkrk tx ikyd folsf"k tu o.kZu gS ^^lka[; lkL= ftUg izxV c[kkuk] rRo
=krk**A1@19@5] os Hkh bl ^L;key xkSj fcpkj fuiqu Hkxokuk**A1@141@7] blds
euksgj tksM+h* ds leku lnSo lkFk jgrs gSa ^czã vuqlkj lka[;&'kkfL= ;k }Sr oknh&vius er
tho le lgt la?kkrh*A blh izdkj dh dk ¼izd`fr vkSj iq#"k@czã bu nks dks txr dk
lkn`";rkvksa ds vk/kkj ij Jhguqekuth us ûj dkj.k½ izfriknu ekurs gSaA bl îzd`fr* dks gh
ukjk;.k dh rqEg nksÅ* iz'u dk f’kxwQk NksM+k xksLokehth us ek;k ;k vkfn'kfDr ds :i esa
FkkA blds izR;qÙkj esa Hkh izHkq dh ok.kh lquus o.kZu fd;k gS ^^vkfn lfDr tsfg tx mitk;k
ugha feyh vkSj Lo;a muds eu dks Hkh bu lksm vorfjfg eksfj ;g ek;k**A1@151@4 bl
iz'uksa ls rlYyh ugha fey jgh Fkh mUgksaus u;s çdkj v}Sr ;k osn&osnkax ds er dks Hkh mUgksaus
iz'u esa jgL; gh mn~?kkfVr dj fn;k& iw.kZ lEeku fn;k gSA pw¡fd v}Sr ds erkuqlkj
nksgk& tx dkju rkju Hko Hkatu v{kj rRo gh ijkRijczã gS] os blh ls l`f"V
/kjuh Hkkj Aksgk&1AA dh mRifÙk ekurs gSa ^^v{kjkRlEHkorhg fo'oe~**A
xksLokehth us ^^czã tks fuxe ¼osn½ usfr dfg
xkok] mHk; os"k /kfj dh lksb vkok**1@215@2 gfjgm¡ ^ldy Hkwfe x#vkbZ*] fuHkZ; gksgq nso
esa mlh psru rRo dks izLrqr fd;k gSA oLrqr% leqnkbZ**AA1@186@1]7
lar rqylhnklth us pkjksa osn] vBkjgksa iqjk.k] fo'ks"k& xksLokehth us bl nksgs esas ^dh* in nsdj
N%gksa 'kkL= dk leUo; j[krs gq;s muds lkj ¼^vFkok* ;k ^vkSj* n'kkZdkj½ nks Hkko latk;s gSaA
va'k ls bl ekul :ih HkfDr 'kkL= dh jpuk D;ksafd bl nksgs esa nks dYiksa ds jkekorkj dk
dh gS& mYys[k gqvk gSA izFke i¡fä esa Jhgfj
^^xkor csn iqjk.k v"V nl] Ngksa lkL= lc ¼JheUukjk;.k½ dks Jhukjnth ds Jki ds dkj.k
xzUFku dks jlA tks jkekorkj ysuk iM+k mldk ladr s fd;k gS
eqfu tu /ku laru dks ljcl lkj val ^^,d dyi ,fg gsrq izHkq yhUg êuqt
laer lcgh dh**AA vorkj*A
blfy;s dksbZ Hkh ;g nkos ds lkFk ugha dg lqj jatu lTtu lq[kn gfj Hkatu
ldrk fd ekul esa ,d ek= vewd er ;k Hkqfc Hkkj**A1@139
fl)kUr dk izfriknu gqvk gSA gk¡] izlaxkuqdy w bl vorkj esa czãk fo".kq egs'k ds lkFk 'ks"kth
vkSj vU;= dh lekukFkZ pkSikbZ] nksgksa ds }kjk Hkh vorfjr gq;s FksA ;gk¡ Hkh ^tx dkju*
xksLokehth ds #>ku dks le>k tk ldrk gSA czãkth gq;s ^^ricy jpb iziapq fc/kkrk**]
bl vdsys nksgs esa gh rhuksa erksa dk izfriknu ^rkju Hko* Jhfo".kq gq;s ^^ricy fc".kq ldy
gqvk gSA tx =krk** vkSj ^Hkatu
^rkju Hko*& izHkq dks vkSj izHkq ds uke dks Hko /kjuh Hkkj* ls f'koth gq;s ^^ricy laHkq djfga
Hk; Hkatu dgk x;k gS ^^tks Hko Hk; Hkatu la?kkjk**1@72@4A
eqfu eu jatu xatu fcifr c:Fkk**A1@185 foxr pkSikbZ esa Hkh nks dYiksa ds jkekorkj dk
ûke ysr Hko fla/kq lq[kkgha*A bl vj.;dk.M o mYys[k gqvk gSA ^dh rqEg rhfu nso eg¡ dksÅ*
fdf"dU/kkdk.M dk lkjka'k gS fd izHkq Lo;a gh esa gfj ¼fo".kq½ ds }kjiky t; vkSj fot; ds
gesa Hko lkxj ls rkjus ds fy;s] gekjs d"Vksa gsrq gq;s] jkekorkj dk vkSj ûj ukjk;.k dh
dks] foifÙk dks gjus ds fy;s ou esa i/kkjs gq;s rqEg nksÅ* esa
gSa& ^^ldy eqfuUg ds vkJefUg tkb tkb lq[k tyU/kj jk{kl ds fy;s JheUukjk;.k us tks
nhUg**A3@9 vkSj viuh vksj ls fugksjk dj jgs jkekorkj fy;k mldkA vkSj pkSFks] euq'kr#ikth
gSa ^^tklq uke lqfejr ,d ckjk] mrjfga uj ;k izrkiHkkuq ds fy;s tks ijkRijczã dk
Hko fla/kq vikjk**A ^lks dìky dsoVfg jkekorkj gqvk gS mldk mYys[k nksgs dh nwljh
fugksjk*2@100@4A ^rkju Hko* dgus esa iafDr ¼dh rqEg vf[ky Hkqouifr½ esa gSA pw¡fd
guqekuth dk Hkko Hkh ;gh gS fd ge okuj blesa ijczã ds lkFk f=nso Hkh vorfjr gq;s
Hkkyq ftudh ckV tksg jgs Fks ^^gfj ekjx gSa blfy;s lewps nksgs dks ,d lax j[kdj gh
fprofga efr/khjk** vki os gh gaS u \ ;g Hkko xzg.k gksxkA
^Hkatu /kjuh Hkkj*& bl ^/kjuh Hkkj* in esa ^dh rqEg vf[ky Hkqou ifr*& vUrr%] <sj lkjs
Jhguqekuth us ml czãok.kh ^^xxu fxjk xaHkhj iz'uksa esa ls ,d dk Hkh izR;qÙkj u feyus ij
Hkb gjfu lksd lansg**A1@186 dk Lej.k Jhguqekuth dks lR; dk mn~?~ kkVu djuk gh
djk;k gS tks fd jko.k ds vR;kpkjksa ls iM+k] fdUrq gS og vc Hkh iz'u ds :i esa ghA
mRihfM+r nso&eqfu fl)ksa dks vk'oLr djus ds ;fn bls os lkoZtfud dj nsoas rks yhyk dk
fy;s gqbZ Fkh& vkuUn gh dgk¡ jg ik;sxkA bl lR; dks yqdk;s
^^tfu Mjigq eqfu fl) lqjslk] rqEgfg yfx /kjfgm¡ uj j[kus ds fy;s gh ^Kkfuukexzx.;e~* dks lnSo
cslkA0000000 pqIih lk/ks jguk iM+rk gS ^^dk pqi lkf/k jgsm
cyokuk**A guqekuth egkjktus ;gk¡ tks Hkh
iz'u fd;s gSa muesa fuiq.krk vkSj lrdZrk dk ^dkslysl nljFk ds tk,& Jhguqekuth us pkj
vR;Ur lqUnj lekos'k gSA okYehfd jkek;.k esa pkSikbZ o ,d nksgs esa ukS iz'u fd;s gSaA izHkq us
rks izHkq us budh okd&pkrqjh dh iz'kalk djrs ek= pkj pkSikb;ksa esa muds ,sls lVhd mÙkj
gq;s y{e.kth ls dgk gS fd ^^tks lkeosn dk fn;s gSa fd ijh{kd dks gh ijh{kkFkhZ ds iSj
fo}ku ugha gS og bl izdkj lqUnj Hkk"kk esa idM+us iM+ x;sA ^dks rqEg* ls izkjEHk iz’u dk
okrkZyki ugha dj ldrkA fu'p; gh bUgksaus mÙkj ^dks* ls gh ^dkslysl* ge fn;k gSA yksxksa
lewps O;kdj.k dk dbZ ckj Lok/;k; fd;k gS**A dh
^ûklkeosn fonq"k% 'kD;esoa foHkkf"krqeA /kkj.kk gS fd izHkq vorkj fo"k;d vfUre rhu
uwua O;kdj.ka d`RLueusu iz'uksa dk mÙkj ,dne Vky x;s gSaA oLrqr% ,slk
cgq/kkJqre~**AA4@3@29ok-jk- ugha gS ^ge firq cpu ekfu cu vk,* ds
^yhUg euqt vorkj*& ;gk¡ êuqt* in ls xw<kFkZ esa mu iz'uksa dk iwjk mÙkj Nqik gSA ôu
euq&'kr:ikth ls ^tk;eku tUes* dk ladr s vk;s* dk rkRi;Z gh gS vorfjr gksuk ôus Hkoa
fd;k x;k gSA fdUrq mi;qZDr czãck.kh esa ^dL;i okue~*] ^firq opu* ladr s d d';i vfnfrth
vfnfr* ¼nsoksa ds firk ekrk½ dk gh n'kjFk dh vksj gS ;s nsoksa ds ekrk firk gksus ds ukrs]
dkS'kY;kth ds :i esa tUe ysus dk mYYs[k gS buds Hkh firk gq;sA mudks fn;s ojnku ds
^dL;i vfnfr egkri dhUgk*] ^rs nljFk dkj.k vorfjr gq;s gSa ^^dL;i vfnfr egkri
dkSlY;k :ik*1@186@3&4A ogk¡ d';i vfnfr dhUgk] frUg dgq¡ eSa iwjc cj
dgus dk ,d dkj.k ;g gS fd nsox.k vius nhUgk**1@186@3A ;ksa euqth dks çHkq us
ekrkfirk ds fufeÙk gh bl yhykorkj esa okuj lh/ks rks firk ugha dgk gS] ^rkr* dgk gS ^rkr*
Hkkyq cu dj Hkkx ysoasA ;g Hkh lEHko gS fd x,¡ dNq dky iqfu%* fdUrq ‘kr#ikth dks ekrk
pkj dYi dh dFkkvksa esa fdlh ,d dYi esa lEcks/ku fn;k gS êkrq fccsd vykSfdd rksjs*
euq&'kr:ikth ds LFkku ij d';i vfnfrth vkSj muds opu ekudj gh vorfjr gq;s gSa&
vorkj ds gsrq jgs gksa\ ;ksa ogk¡ ml czãok.kh esa ^^nsf[k izhfr lqfu cpu veksys] ,oeLrq
Hkh êuqt* in euq 'kr:ikth ds ladr s ds :i d#ukfuf/k cksys**A1@149@1
esa ekStwn gSa& izHkq ds mÙkj ls] izFke n`f"V esa rks ;gh
^^vlUg lfgr êuqt* vorkjk] ysgm¡ fnudj cal yxsxk fd dksbZ ckyd ou j{kd ds }kjk idM+s
mnkjk**A1@186@1 tkus ij lQkbZ esa dg jgk gS fd ge veqd
dkslysl nljFk ds tk, A ge firq cpu ¼dks'kys'k½ ds iq= gSa] mUgha dk ou gSaA fdUrq
ekfu cu vk, AA /;ku nsus ij Li"V yxsxk fd izHkq Lo;a dks
tho/kehZ lkfcr djus vkSj Jhguqekuth dh bl
uke jke yfNeu nksm HkkbZ A lax ukfj
vo/kkj.kk dks] fd esjs le{k ijczã vorfjr
lqdqekfj lqgkbZ AA [kM+k gS] bls [kf.Mr djus ds iz;kl esa yxs gSaA
bgk¡ gjh fuflpj cSnsgh A fciz fQjfga ge pw¡fd vHkh #nzkorkj us fu#i.k fd;k Fkk fd
[kkstr rsgh AA izHkq vki rks gesa tx ds dj.ka&dkj.ka&drkZa
ge dks'ky ns'k ds ujs'k Jhn'kjFkth ds yxrs gSaA izHkq dk dguk gS fd ge rks l`f"V ds
iq= gSaA firkJh dh vkKk ekudj ou esa vk;s ,d VqdM+s dks'ky ns'k ds jktk ds iq= gSaA iq=
gSaA esjk uke jke vkSj ;s y{e.k gSa] ge nksuksa gSa ¼^tk,*½ dk rkRi;Z gh gS fd vorfjr ugha
HkkbZ gSaA lkFk esa lqUnj vkSj dkseykaxh esjh L=h
gSa] cfYd n'kjFkth ds dkj.k gekjk vfLrRo gSA
Hkh FkhA ;gk¡ ¼ou esa½ ,d fu'kkpj us ml oSnsgh
dk gj.k dj fy;kA gs foiz! ge mUgha dks Jhguqekuth us dgk Fkk fd vki ^vf[ky Hkqou
[kkstrs gq;s ?kwe jgs gSaA ifr yhUg euqt vorkj* gSa rks izHkq dk
pViVklk mÙkj gS fd ge rks \ v;ks/;kifr Hkh
ugha jg ik;s] firkth dh vkKk ls ou esa nlkuu vkb**A3@31 fdUrq ogk¡ ûke* egkjkt
fopj.k dj jgs gSaA lHkh er&erkUrj okys ugha gSaA
tkurs gSa fd czã ,d gS vkSj vuhg ¼mnklhu½ vkiu pfjr dgk ge xkbZ A dggq fciz
vFkok v:i gksrk gS ^^,d vuhg v:i fut dFkk cq>kbZ AA
vukek] vt lfPpnkuan
izHkq ifgpkfu ijsm xfg pjuk A lks lq[k
ij/kkek**A1@12@3 tcfd ;gka izHkq dk dguk
gS fd ge nks ¼jke y{e.k uke ½ ekStwn gSa mek tkb ufga cjuk AA
vkSj mnklhu ugha cfYd oSnsgh dks <w<+us ds geus viuk pfj= ¼jke pfjr½ eqfnr
fy;s O;kdqy gSaA Jhguqekuth us ^N=h :i* vkSj eu ls ¼xkdj½ lquk fn;kA gs foiz! vki Hkh
^cu chjk* ds }kjk bUgsa iztkj{kd vkSj ohj viuh dFkk dsk le>kdj dfg;sA vius Lokeh
dgk FkkA izHkq us ;gk¡ Hkh mudh bl /kkj.kk ds dks ¼izHkq½ igpku dj og ¼guqekuth½ muds
foijhr rF; leqifLFkr fd;k fd esjs lkFk esjh Jhpj.kksa esa fxj iM+k vkSj mlus mu Jhpj.kksa
/keZiRuh Hkh Fkh rqe gesa ^ê`nqy euksgj lqanj dks n`<+rk ls idM+ fy;kA gs mek! ml
xkrk** dgrs gks ijUrq lqde q kjh vkSj lksg.kh rks vfuoZpuh; lq[k dk o.kZu ugh gks ldrkA
oLrqr% ogh FkhA vkSj ge nks gksdj Hkh mldh ^vkiu pfjr dgk ge xkbZ& bu pkj pkSikb;ksa
j{kk ugha dj lds] ml oSnsgh dks ek= ,d esa izHkq us u dsoy viuk iwjk ifjp; fn;k gS
fu'kkpj gj.k dj ys x;kA vfirq vius Jheq[k ls vj.;dk.M rd dh
vxyh v)kZyh esa rks izHkq us guqekuth ls gh dFkk Hkh lqukbZ gSA lkFk gh Jhguqekuth ds
ifjp; iwN dj ^^dggq fciz fut dFkk cq>kbZ** lHkh iz'uksa dk lek/kku Hkh fd;k gS ;Fkk&
mudh /kkj.kk dks iwjh rjg /oLr djus dk ^dkslysl* ls viuh tUe Hkwfe dk] ^nljFk ds
iz;kl fd;k gSA vfHkizk; gS fd ;fn eSa loZK tk;s* ls oa'k vkSj firk dk ifjp;] ^jke
¼bZ'oj½ gksrk rks vYiK dh rjg rqels rqEgkjk yfNeu* ls Lo;a dk vkSj lkFkh dk uke] ^nksm
ifjp; D;ksa iwNrkA ;ksa Hkh ;gk¡ dh izFke pkSikbZ HkkbZ* ls vkilh lEcU/k] ^firq cpu ekfu* ls
vUR;k{kj ^tk,* vkSj ^cu vk,*&âLo ¼y?kq ou esa vkus dk dkj.k] ^lax ukfj lqde q kfj* ls
ek=k½ esa gSA tSlk fd igys ¼lksjBs ds Hkkoksa ds fookfgr gksus dkA ^gjh cSnsgh* ls Jhlhrkth dk
vUrxZr½ lwfpr fd;k x;k gS fd tgk¡ dgha uke] o mudk gj.k gks tkuk] muds firk
pkSikbZ dk lekiu âLo esa feys rks tku ysa fd ¼fonsg½ dk uke ifjp; vkSj ^fQjfga ge [kkstr
xksLokehth us tkucw>dj ml pkSikbZ esa] ml rsgh* ls ou esa ?kweus dk ¼^dou gsrq fcpjgq
izlax esa fufgr xw<+ Hkkoksa dks bafxr djus ds gh cu Lokeh* iz'u dk½ dkj.k trk fn;kA
fy;s ,slk fd;k gS ^^/kqfu vojsc dfcr xqu vorkjokn ls lEcfU/kr vfUre rhu
tkrh] ehu euksgj rs cgqHk¡krh**A1@36@8 ;gk¡ iz'uksa ¼^^rhfu nso eg¡ dksÅ** ls ysdj ^^yhUg
Hkh izHkq ds izR;qÙkj esa vusdkusd xw<+kFkZ Hkjs gSa euqt vorkj** rd½ dk lek/kku ¼tSlk fd
,oa bl pkSikbZ esa vorkjh iq#"k gksus dk Hkko iwoksZDr pkSikbZ dh Vhdk ls Li"V gSS½ ^^ge firq
Hkh gS ftldk mYys[k mij fd;k gh gSA cpu ekfu cu vk,** esa fd;k x;k gSA bl
igys gh Li"V fd;k tk pqdk gS fd ;g izdkj cht #i esa ;gka rd dh Jhjke pfjr
dk.M jkeuke ijd gSA blhfy;s ;gk¡ izHkq us Hkh dFkk blesa vk xbZA izHkq us Hkh vius ifjp; dks
vius Jheq[k ls vius ûke jke* dk egkea= ^pfjr* gh dgk gS vkSj ^xkbZ* dk vfHkizk; gh
fn;k gSA vU; fdlh dk.M esa ,slk ugha gqvk gS] gS ;ksX; ik= dks eqfnr eu ls lqukuk& ^^;g
dsoy vj.;dk.M esa izHkq us vius eq[k ls lc pfjr dgk eS xkbZ] vkfxfy dFkk lqugq eu
^jke* dgk gS ^^tkSa eSa jke r dqy lfgr dfgfg ykbZA1@205@1A ^xkÃ* in dh lVhd O;k[;k
vkxs feysxhA
^dggq fciz fut dFkk cq>kbZ& cq>kbZ ¾ xw<+] fpÙk vkuUn izHkq ds vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZ gks gh
vUrfuZfgr ckr dks le>kdj dgukA blds iwoZ ugha ldrkA ^cqf)erke~~ ofj"Be~* ds fy;s brus
dh pkSSikbZ esa Hkh Jhjketh us foiz 'kCn ¼fciz ladr s i;kZIr gSA
fQjfga ge½ dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA ;g ^fciz* in îjsm xfg pjuk*& Jhguqekuth egkjkt izHkq ds
,d izdkj ls guqekuth dks vius diV foiz os"k iSj idM+s iM+s gSa ¼ijsm xfg pjuk½ izHkq us Hkh
dks R;kxus ds fy;s ladr s gS] oØksfä ds :i esa mUgsa ugha mBk;k] dnkfpr ;g lkspdj fd esjs
Hkh iz;qDr fd;k gSA ;fn okLrfod foiz eku dj fiz; ik= dks lq[k fey jgk gSA ;g Hkh laHko gS
dgk gksrk rks f'k"Vkpkj o'k mUgsa iz.kke Hkh fd guqekuth us diV ls foiz os"k /kkj.k dj
djrsA ^cq>kbZ* 'kCn igsyh dk vFkZ cq>kus ds j[kk gS vkSj izHkq dk dguk gS êksfg diV Ny
fy;s iz;qDr gksrk gSA vkSj ^dFkk* in esa odzksfä fNnz u Hkkok*5@43@5 blfy;s u mBk;k gksA
dk gh Hkko gSA D;ksafd 'kkL= vkSj larks ds vkSj bl laHkkouk ls Hkh badkj ugha fd;k tk
vuqlkj izHkq dh yhyk dFkk,¡ gh Jo.k ;ksX; ldrk fd Lo;a Jhguqekuth us gh tkucw> dj
dgh xbZ gS] tho dh rks O;Fkk ekuh tkrh gS& diV os"k dks u R;kxk gks D;ksafd os tkurs gSa
^^dFkk djks djrkj dh] lquks dFkk fd bl diV os'k ds dkj.k izHkq rks gesa mBk;saxs
djrkjA gh ugha vr% D;ksa u muds pj.kksa esa iM+s jgus
vku dFkk lqfu;s ugh] dgS dchj dk
fcpkj**A vf/kdkf/kd lq[k gh Hkksx ysaA vkSj okLro esa
îzHkq ifgpkfu ijsm xfg pjuk& ftUgsa mijksä izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa esa iM+s jg dj lq[k Hkksxus dk
ladrs vi;kZIr yxrs gSa] muds eu esa 'kadk cuh ;g ,d ek= vf/kdkj Jhguqekuth dks gh feyk
gh jgrh gS fd guqekuth us izHkq dks ;dk;d gqvk gS vkxs lqUnjdk.M esa Hkh iM+s feysax&s
dSls vkSj fdu vk/kkjksa ij igpku fy;kA muds ^^ckj ckj izHkq pgb mBkok] izse exu rsfg
lek/kku gsrq ;kn fnykuk gS fd ftl czãok.kh mBc u Hkkok**A
dh ppkZ ^txdkju rkju Hko* okys nksgs esa gqbZ ^lks lq[k mek tkb ufga cjuk& vHkh îzHkq
gS] ogk¡ ml le; Hkxoku 'kadjth Hkh mifLFkr ifgpkfu* esa dgk x;k Fkk fd vkdk'kok.kh
Fks ^rsfga lekt fxfjtk eS jgsm¡* 1@184@4 Hkxoku f'ko us lquh vkSj ml Loj dks
ekul esa rhu txg ¼lrhth] ekrk dkSlY;kth o Jhguqekuth us igpku fy;kA laHko gS fd ;g
dkd Hkq'kqf.Mth ds izlaxksa esa½ mYys[k gS fd lek/kku dqN vfo'oluh; lk Hkh yxk gksA
czãk.M esa czãk] fo".kq] egs'k] lrh] fc/kk=h] fdUrq rRo :i ls loZK f'ko vkSj Jhguqekuth
bafnjk vkfn fHkUu fHkUu gks ldrs gSa ^ns[ks flo vfHkUu gSa bldh izrhfr xksLokehth us ;gk¡ bl
fcf/k fo".kq vusdk** fdUrq Jhjketh dk Lo:i pkSikbZ }kjk djkbZ gSA Lo;a ns[k&ij[k ysa fd
,d gh jgrk gS ^îwtfga izHkqfg nso cgq cs"kk] izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa dks idM+ rks Jhguqekuth us
jke :i nwlj ufga ns[kk*1@54@3A vr% ml j[kk gS vkSj ml lq[k dks ogk¡ dSyk’k esa cSBs
vkdk'kok.kh dk Loj vkSj ijkRij Jhjketh dk cSBs gh Hkxoku 'kadj Hkksx jgs gSaA blh izdkj
Loj ,d gksuk lqfuf'pr gS vkSj ml Loj ds lqanjdk.M esa Hkh tc guqekuth us izHkq ds
ek/;e ls gh #nzkorkj us izHkq dks igpkukA ml pj.kksa dks Fkke fy;k ¼Åij ppkZ dh gS½ rc Hkh
vkdk'kok.kh esa dkslyiqjh vkSj n'kjFkth dk Hkxoku f'ko lq[kkuqHkwfr esa fueXu gks x;s
mYys[k fo'ks"k :i ls gqvk gS ^rs nljFk Fks&^îzHkq dj iadt dfi ds lhlk] lqfefj lks
dkSlY;k :ik* rks izHkq us ;gk¡ Hkh ^dkslysl nlk exu xkSjhlk**A5@32@2
nljFk ds tk,* dgk gSA fQj ftls ouokl ^lq[k* LokuqHkwfr ijd fo”k; gS] nwljs dks mldk
feyk gks ftldh iRuh pqjk yh xbZ gks fQj Hkh vuqHko djkuk ;k mldk ;FkkFkZ o.kZu Hkh dj
og viuk pfjr ^xkdj* lquk ldrk gS og lr~ ikuk ^xwaxs dks xqM+ dk Lokn* ds leku vlEHko
ekuk x;k gSA vr,o Hkxoku egs'oj dks Hkh bl izdkj budh vkilh igpku rks
;gh dguk iM+k& ^^lks lq[k mek tkfg ufg ckY;koLFkk ls gh gSA fo'okfe=th ds vkxeu
cjuk**A rd rks guqekuth izHkq ds lax gh cus jgs FksA
îzHkq ifgpkfu* dk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd _f"k ds lax izLFkku djus ds
gSA ,d izfl) vk[;kf;dk ds vuqlkj iwoZ izHkq Jhguqekuth ls fonk ysus vkSj Hkfo";
ckY;koLFkk esa gh Jhguqekuth izHkq dh lsok vkSj esa fj";ewd ioZr ij iqu% HksaV gksus dk
euksjatu gsrq v;ks/;k i/kkj x;s FksA dgk tkrk vk'oklu nsus ds fy;s gh tuuh Hkou x;s Fks&
gS fd dkd gksus ds dkj.k Hkq'kqf.Mth dk izos'k ^^lkSisa Hkwi fjf"kfg lqr cgqfcf/k nsb
rks jktegy o vUr%iqj esa Hkh gks tkrk FkkA os vlhlA
izHkq dh cky yhykvksa dk vkuUn mBk ysrs Fks tuuh Hkou x;s izHkq pys ukb in
^^y?kq ck;l ¼dkSvk½ ciq /kfj gfj laxk] ns[km¡ lhl**AA1@208
cky pfjr cgqjaxk** 7@74@7 fdUrq ckck uV okuj dh mijksDr dFkk dks
HkksysukFk bl lq[k ls oafpr jg tkrs FksA vr% xksLokehth us Hkh viuh 'kSyh esa mYys[k fd;k
,d fnu os ekrk vatukth ls vius gh gS&
va'kkorkj Jhguqekuth dks ekax yk;sA ^^tsfg lq[k ykfx iqjkfj vlqHk os"k d`r
tVktwV/kkjh ckck'kadj rks cu x;s enkjh vkSj flo lq[knA0000
vuks[ks okuj :ih guqekuth dks yxs v;ks/;k vo/kiqjh uj ukfj rsfg lq[k egq¡ larr
dh xfy;ksa esa upkusA dgrs gSa fd ml fnu ckck exu**AA7@88
fo'oukFk us Me: bruk lqUnj ctk;k fd enkjh vkSj okuj os"k ds fy;s gh Hkxoku
xxuksifj fl)tuksa dh rks ml le; dh ;kn f’ko dk ;gk¡ ^^vlqHk cs"k d`r flo lq[kn**
rktk gks vkbZ tc f'ko'kadj ds Me: ukn ls dgk x;kA
O;kdj.k fu"ikfnr gqvk Fkk& iqyfdr ru eq[k vko u cpuk A ns[kr
û`Ùkkolkus uVjktjktks uukn <Ddka #fpj os"k dS jpuk AA
uoiapokje~A Jhguqekuth dk 'kjhj jksekafpr gks x;k]
m)rZqdke% ludkfnfl)kusrf}e’ksZ eq[k ls opu ugha fudy jgs gSaA n`f"V izHkq ds
f’kolw=tkye~AA euksgj os"k dh jpuk dks fugkjus esa yxh gSA
Me: dh /ofu ds dkj.k uVs'oj dks jktegy îqyfdr ru eq[k vko u cpuk& Hkxoku ‘kadj
esa vkeaf=r fd;k x;kA ifjtuksa lfgr vftj gh Jhguqekuth ds Lo:i esa gSa vkSj os gh
fcgkjh us ml vuks[ks u`R; dks ns[kkA iou iq= o.kZudrkZ gSa] ^lks lq[k mek* lEcks/ku ls Hkh ;g
dh dykckft;ksa ls vk¡xu esa fdydkfj;k¡ xw¡tus Li”V gS] vr% guqekuth ds fy;s ,d opu dk
yxhA vkSj T;ksa gh u`R; lekIr gqvk izHkq epy iz;ksx gqvk gSA os bl lq[kkuqHkwfr esa brus eXu
x;s] #nu djus yxs fd okuj ywaxk vkSj ;gh gks x;s fd guqekuth izHkq ds pj.kksa esa fdruh
okuj ywaxkA uVs'oj rks Lo;a ;gh pkgrs gh FksA nsj iM+s jgs vkSj dc [kM+s gq;s bldk o.kZu
mUgksaus okuj dh Mksjh izHkq ds gkFk esa Fkek;h djuk Hkh Hkwy x;sA fiNyh v)kZyh esa Hkxoku
vkSj Lo;a ;s tk;sa&os tk;sa vkSsj dgka x;s os \ f'ko dg pqds gSa ^lks lq[k mek tkb ufga
fl) tuksa dk dguk gS fd upkus okyk vkSj cjuk*] ;gk¡ muls ok.kh ds }kjk ftruk vkSj
ukpus okyk oLrqr% ,d gh rRo Fkk vr% nksuksa tks dqN o.kZu fd;k tkuk 'kD; Fkk og mUgksaus
,dkdkj gks x;sA Hkq'kqf.Mth bl n`"; ds lk{kh mijksDr iafDr;ksa esa dgus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA
gSa& fdUrq Hkkofog~o~ yrk ds dkj.k izFke ckr ¼:fpj
^ûV ejdV bo lcfg upkor] jke [kxsl os"k ns[kus ls ru iqyfdr gqvk½ dks ihNs dg
csn vl xkor**A x;sA vxyh pkSikbZ ds o.kZu esa Hkh ;g O;frØe
gS tks fd ;gk¡ ls Hkh gq;s gSa ^^tVk eqdVq lhlfu lqHkx mj Hkqt u;u
vf/kd lqLi"V gSA fclkyk**A2@115 bl cVkm os"k dh #fpjrk dks
ru iqyfdr gksuk vkSj d.Bkojks/k gks tkus ns[k dj rks #nzkorkj dh iydsa gh >iduh can
dk eq[; dkj.k gS mUgsa izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa esa gks xbZA jpuk dk vFkZ gh gS ltkoV djuk]
yEch vof/k rd iM+s jgus dk lq;ksx fey tkuk vkSj ;gk¡ rks #fpj jpuk dh gqbZ gSA yxrk gS
,oa brus o"kkssZa ds ckn vius izHkq dks brus lehi fd ek;kifr us vius HkDr HkksysukFk dks
ls ns[kus dk lkSHkkX; feyukA ;g Hkh dgk tk LrfEHkr ¼eksfgr½ djus dh igys ls gh iwjh
ldrk gS fd ftudh ckV os brus o"kksZa ls rS;kjh dj j[kh gSA
lqxhz okfn ds lkFk tksg jgs Fks ^^fxfj r# u[k iqfu /khjtq /kfj vLrqfr dhUgh A gj"k ân;¡
vk;q/k lc chjk] gfj ekjx fprofga efr
/khjk**1@187@4 vkt mu jketh ds n'kZuksa dk
fut ukFkfg phUghA
lq;ksx feyus ls ru iqyfdr vkSj ok.kh xnxnk rRi'pkr] Jhguqekuth us /kS;Z /kkj.k djds izHkq
xbZ gSA dh Lrqfr dhA vius Lokeh dks ¼Jhj?kqukFkth
dks½ lgh phUg@igpku ysus ds g"kZ ls mudk
ns[kr #fpj os"k dS jpuk& pkSikbZ dks fy[ks Øe
ân; iqyfdr gks x;kA
ds vuqlkj gh ekudj dbZ Vhdkdkj ;g Hkko
îqfu /khjtq /kfj*& o.kZu esa ;gk¡ Hkh Øe&Hkax
n'kkZrs gSa fd vkdk'kok.kh esa Hkxoku f'ko dks
gqvk gS ftldk ladr s fiNyh pkSikbZ esa fd;k
izHkq dh ok.kh ek= lquus dks feyh Fkh vkSj
x;k gSA oLrqr% vius mikL;nso dks igpku dj
vkt mUgsa ml euHkkou ds :i n'kZu dk
rc Lrqfr dh tkrh gS vLrq ^^gj"k ân; fut
lkSHkkX; Hkh fey x;k gS blfy;s os mUgsa ,d ukFkfg phUgh** igys gksuk pkfg;s FkkA
Vd ns[k jgs gSaA fdUrq îzHkq ifgpkfu* in dk izHkq dh Hkqou eksfguh Nfo dks ns[k dj
rkRi;Z gh gS fd iwoZ ifjfpr O;fDr dks ns[krs HkDrx.k rks foeksfgr gksrs gh gSa fonsg jkt tSls
gh igpku ysuk vkSj vxyh pkSikbZ esa Hkh ^fut fojDr Hkh vius nsg dh Hkku Hkwy x;s Fks
ukFkfg phUgh* }kjk xksLokehth us blh ¼iwoZ ^êwjfr e/kqj euksgj ns[kh] Hk;m fcnsgq fcnsgq
igpku okys½ Hkko dks iq"V fd;k gSA fcls"kh**A1@214@8 mUgsa Hkh izHkq ds fo"k; esa
bl Hkko ds vuqlkj Jhguqekuth izHkq dh tkuus ds fy;s vkSj LoLo:i esa vkus ds fy;s]
ckY;koLFkk esa ns[kh gqbZ ml Nfo ls bl cVkm /kS;Z /kkj.k djus dh vko';drk iM+h Fkh&
os"k dh rqyuk dj jgs gSaA rc izHkq ds Jhvaxksa ^îsze exu euq tkfu uìq dfj fccsdq /kfj
dk Jàxkj ekrk,¡ djrh Fkh vkSj os fofo/k /khj]
vkHkw"k.kksa ls lqlfTtr gqvk djrs FksA muds iSjksa cksysm eqfu in ukb fl# xn xn fxjk
esa uqiqj ûqiqj /kqfu lqfu eqfu eu eksgs* dej esa xaHkhj**AA1@215
dj/kuh ^dfV fdafduh mnj =; js[kk* Hkqtkvksa fQj guqekuth egkjkt rks HkDr jkt gSA vHkh
esa pkSQy q Hkqtcan vfkn ^Hkqt fclky Hkw"ku tqr rd izHkq ds pj.k idM+s iM+s gq;s FksA pWwfd vc
Hkwjh* vkSj Nkrh ij ef.keqDrkfn ds gkj ^mj izHkq dh Lrqfr djuh gS blfy;s /kS;Z /kkj.k djds
efugkj ifnd dh lksHkk*1@198@6 'kksHkk;eku mBs gSaA
gksrs FkssA tc izHkq fo'okfe= ds lax fonk gq;s Fks ^vLrqfr dhUgha*& tSlh ijEijkxr Lrqfr;k¡ ;k
rc dh Le`fr Hkh mUgsa ;kn gS& Lrks= vHkh rd ge ekul esa ns[krs i<+rs vk;s
^^dfV iV ihr dls cj HkkFkk] #fpj pki gSSa] vxyh nl i¡fä;ksa esa rks oSlk ;gk¡ dqN Hkh
lk;d nqgq¡ gkFkk**1@208@2A izHkq dh og jkt ns[kus dks ugha feysxkA cfYd vxyh pkSikb;k¡
egyksa okyh Nfo deuh; Fkh rks vkt ru ij guqqekuth egkjkt ds fn;s gq;s mykguksa ls Hkjh
cYdy oL= vkSj eLrd ij tVk eqdV /kkjs gqbZ gaS] blh ls vuqeku yxkysa fd HkDrjkt us
izHkq dh dSlh Lrqfr dh gSA vk'p;Z dk fo"k; gS cpuk] cqf) ls¾ns[kr :fpj os"k dS jpuk]
fd izHkq ds i{k esa gj fdlh ls fHkM+ tkus okys vgadkj ls¾/khjt /kfj vkSj LoHkko ls¾ijsm
Jhy{e.kth Hkh vkt viuh izd`fr ds fo#) xfg pjukA vj.;dk.M esa izHkq us Hkh vius
,dne pqIih lk/ks gq;s gSaA dkj.k ogh gS oLrqr% Jheq[k ls tks HkDr ds y{k.k dgs gSa os ;gkWa
y{e.kth o guqekuth ,d gh rRo gSaA guqekuth esa iwjs [kjsa mrjrs gSa&
^gj"k ân; fut ukFkfg phUgh& ;gk¡ dk ^fut* ^êe xqu xkor iqyd ljhjk] xn xn fxjk
in vR;Ur lkjxfHkZr vkSj lgsrqd iz;qDr gqvk u;u cg uhjkA
gSA viusiu ds Hkko dk cks/kd ^fut* in dke vkfn en naHk u tkds] rkr fujUrj cl eSa
Jhy{e.kth ds fy;s Hkh iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^ckjsfg rkds**A3@15@11]12
rs ^fut* fgr ifr tkuh] yfNeu jke pju eksj U;km eSa iwNk lkbZa A rqEg iwNgq dl
jfr ekuh**A1@197@3 vkSj lhrkth ds fy;s Hkh uj dh ukbZa AA
vk;k gS&^^nsf[k :i ykspu yypkus] gj"ks tuq [khts gq;s ckyd dh rjg mykguk nsrs gq;s
^fut* fuf/k ifgpkus**A1@231@4 ;gk¡ ^fut* Jhguqekuth us dgk gs lkbZa] gs esjs Lokeh !
in dks fo"ks"k mYys[k djds lwfpr fd;k gS fd esjk ¼tho ds ukrs ls½ iwNuk U;k; laxr Fkk
Jhjketh o Jhguqekuth esa Lokfe&lsod lEcU/k vr% eSus iwNk ijUrq vki ¼czã gksus ds ukrs½
igys ls gh gS vkSj oLrqr% tUe tUekrj ls gSA izkd`r euq"; dh Hkk¡fr dSls iwN jgs gSa \
vU;Fkk ^fut ukFkfg phUgh* dgus dh êksj U;km eSa iwNk lkbZa& blds iwoZ vj.;dk.M
vko';drk gh D;k Fkh\ ;g Hkko rks îzHkq
esa izHkq us y{e.kth dks ek;k dk Lo:i le>krs
ifgpkfu ijsm xfg pjuk* ls iwjk gks gh jgk
gq;s dgk Fkk fd eSa vkSj esjk] rw vkSj rsjk dh
FkkA
ûkFkfg phUgh*& Jhguqekuth egkjkt HkfDr ekxZ Hkkouk gh ek;k gSA bl ek;k us gh leLr tho
ds izeq[k vkpk;ksZa esa gSa& ^^dqekj O;kl 'kqd leqnk; dks vo'k dj fy;k gS ^êSa v# eksj
'kkf.MY; xxZ fo".kq dkSf.MU;A rksj rSa ek;k] tsfga cl dhUgsa tho
'ks"kks)ok#f.k cfyguqef}Hkh"k.kkn;ks fudk;k**A3@14@2 izHkq us ogk¡ ;g Hkh Li"V
HkDR;kpk;kZ%**AA Lohdkj fd;k gS fd ;g ek;k Hkh izHkq dh izsj.kk
ls izsfjr jgrh gS mlesa fut dk cy dqN ugh
ukjnHkfDr lww=83 gS ^îzHkq izsfjr ufga fut cy rkdsa**3@14@6A
fdf”dU/kk dk.M oLrqr% ekul dk Hkfä ;ksx blhfy;s Kkuiqat lw;Z iq= lqxhz oth us ek;kifr
dk.M gS vkSj guqekuth mÙke Js.kh ds Hkäksa esa ds eq[k ij gh mudh ek;k dk mykguk fn;k gS
gSa] muds ek/;e ls xksLokehth us ;gk¡ fiNyh
^^vfrl; izcy nso ^ro ek;k*] NwVb jke djgq
pkSikbZ îzHkq ifgpkuh* ls ^fut ukFkfg phUgh*
rd bu nks pkSikb;ksa esa Hkkxorth esa dgs Hkäksa tkSa nk;k** 4@20@2A thoksa ds ijekpk;Z
ds lkr y{k.k n’kkZ;s gSa& Jhguqekuth us Hkh ;gk¡ vkt ftl izdkj
^^dk;su okpk eulsfUnz;SokZ cqn/;k··Reuk ok·uql`r U;k;ky;ksa esa êkbZ ykMZ* lEcksa/ku pyrk gS mlh
LoHkkokr~A izdkj ek;k ukFk dks ^lkbZa* lEcks/ku nsdj] mUgha
djksfr ;|Rldya ijLeS ukjk;.k;sfr ds 'kCnksa ds dV?kjs esa [kM+k fd;k gSA vfHkizk;%
leiZ;sÙkr~**AA gS fd eSa vYiK gw¡ vkSj vkidh ek;k ls
vkPNUu Hkh gw¡ vr% esjk ^^dks rqEg L;key xkSj
JhHkkxorth 11@2@36 ljhjk** iwNuk U;k;ksfpr gSA
ru ls¾iqyfdr ru] opu ls¾vLrqfr dhUgh] ^rqEg iwNgq dl uj dh ukbZa& Jhguqekuth
eu ls¾izHkq ifgpkuh] bfUnz;ksa ls¾eq[k vko u izkjEHk esa gh tku x;s Fks fd ;s tks leqifLFkr
cU/kq gSa os oLrqr% izkd`r euq"; ugha gSaA mUgksaus ^^vlqj lqjk fo"k ladjfg vkiq jek efu
izHkq ds fnO; Jhvaxksa dk tks c[kku fd;k gS pk#A
blls Hkh bl rF; dh iqf"V gksrh gSA eu esa LokjFk lk/kd dqfVy rqEg lnk diV
;fn dqN 'kadk jgh Hkh gksxh rks îzHkq ifgpkfu* C;ogk#**AA 1@136
esa mldk fuokj.k gks x;kA ftl izdkj ^lksb Jhioudqekj rks iwjs foosd esa gSA tgk¡ ukjnth
tkub tsfg nsgq tukbZ* dh Hkkouk ls izHkq ds laokn esa ,d Hkh vknj&lwpd lEcks/ku ns[kus
lqrh{.kth ds ân; esa izdV gq;s Fks ^^vfrl; dks ugha feyrk] ogha Jhguqekuth us vius
izhfr nsf[k j?kqchjk] izxVs ân;¡ gju izR;sd laokn esa cfYd izR;sd iafDr esa gh lkbZa]
HkoHkhjk**A3@9@14 mlh Hkkouk ls dìklkxj us izHkq] ukFk] nhu ca/kq] Hkxoku] Lokeh bR;kfn
Jhguqekuth ds ân; esa Lo;a dks fpUgok Hkh lEcks/kuksa ls loksZPplRrk ds izfr iw.kZ lEeku
fn;k Fkk blhfy, xksLokehth us ^^gj"k g`n; iznf’kZr fd;k gSA lkxj larj.k ds le; fla/kqth
fut ukFkfg phUgha** dgkA fdUrq izR;{k esa tks us Hkh izHkq dks ,slh gh fouez Hkjh izHkq] ukFk]
izHkq dk O;ogkj gSA og vthc vleatl Hkjk vkfn lEcks/kuksa ls lao`r Hkk"kk ds }kjk mUgsa
gS] vkSj ;gh O;ogkj gh Jhguqekuth dh mUgha dh ek;k dk mykguk fn;k gS ^ro iszsfjr
mf}Xurk dk] mykgus ij myguk nsus dk] ek;k¡ mitk,*A ogk¡ mUgksaus ek;k ds dkj.k gh
dkj.k Hkh gSA ckY;koLFkk esa mUgksaus Lo;a ns[kk gS leLr iaprRokssa dks Hkh tM+ ekuk gS ^^xxu
fd izHkq vijk/kh ij Hkh dHkh Øks/k ugha djrs lehj vuy ty /kjuh] bUg db ukFk lgt
vkSj [ksy esa rks mUgsa drbZ Øks/k vkrk gh ughaA tM+ djuh**5@58@2] Jhguqekuth dk vfHkizk;
Hkjrth us Hkh ;gh dgk gS fd esjs gkj tkus ij gS fd vki ek;k/kh'k gSa vkSj vkidh izcy ek;k
Hkh izHkq eq>s ftrok nsrs Fks& ^êSa tkum fut ls f'ko czãk Hkh eksgxzLr gks tkrs gSaA eSa rks
ukFk lqHkkÅ] vijkf/kgq ij dksg u dkÅA ikej okuj gw¡ blfy;s vkidks ugha igpku
[ksyr [kqful u dcgw¡ ns[khA gkjsgq¡ [ksy ldk&
ftrkofga eksgh**A ^^f'ko fcajfp dgq¡ eksgb dks gS ciqjk
os gh izHkq vkt pqipki le{k [kM+s gSaA vius vkuA
LoHkko ds foijhr u rks bUgksaus eLrd dks vl ft;¡ tkfu Hktfg eqfu êk;kifr*
Nqvk] vkSj u gh mBk dj xys yxk;kA fuBqjkbZ Hkxoku**A 7@62
esa Hkh izHkq us ijkdk"Bk dj nh] pj.kksa esa iM+s ^fQjkSa Hkqykuk*& 'kCndks'k ds vuqlkj rks vFkZ
gq;s dks eq¡g ls gh mBus rd dh ugha dghA blh curk gS Hkzfer HkVdukA fdUrq ;gk¡ rks
nq%[k ds ekjs 'kadj&lqou ckydksa ds leku >xM+ Jhiouiq= fj";ewd tSlh vjk/kuk&LFkfy ls mrj
jgs gS&a dj vk;s gSa tgk¡ _f"k eqfu;ksa dh Hkh fpÙk o`fÙk
ro ek;k cl fQjkSa Hkqykuk A rk rs eSa ufga ewd ¼fLFkj½ gks tkrh gSA ;ksa Hkh Jhguqekuth
izHkq ifgpkuk AA lnSo izHkq ds /;ku esa fueXu jgus okys Kkuh
gs izHkks ! eSa rks vkidh gh ek;k ds o'khHkwr Hkäksa esa gSa& ^dk pqi lkf/k jgsgq cyokuk*A os
gqvk Hkzfer HkVd jgk gw¡ blfy;s eSa vius blhfy;s ^ldy dfiUg eg¡ rsfg cyq Fkksjk*
Lokeh dks ugha igpku ik;kA yxrs gSa D;ksafd yiM+& pij gkadus dh txg
^^ro ek;k cl fQjkSa Hkqykuk& Jhguqekuth Hktu esa fueXu jgrs gSaA vkSj bu i¡fä;ksa
dnkfi ek;kxzLr ugha gSaA ek;k ds o’khHkwr rks ^^cw>fga cSfB jke xqu xkgk] dg guqeku lqefr
Jhukjnth gq;s Fks& êk;k cl u jgk eu voxkgk**7@25@5 esa Hkh blh ckr dk ladr s
cks/kk*1@135@6A ml le; mUgksaus izHkq dks fd;k x;k gSA vr% ^fQjkS Hkqykuk* dk Hkko Lo;a
nqoZpu lqukus esa Hkh vfr dh Hkh vfr dj nh buds fy;s dnkfi lgh ugha cSBrkA vkSj Hkxoku
Fkh & f'ko ds fy;s Hkh ;g iwjk lgh ugha mrjrk gS]
D;ksafd os Hkh izk;% lHkh txg 'kkar cSBs gq;s] >w¡B dgkok**1@55@5A blds foijhr
^^cSBs lksg dke fjiq dSlsa] /kjsa ljh# lkarjlq Jhguqekuth ds lEiw.kZ thou o`Ùkkar esa ek;k dk
tSlsa**A 1@106@1 ;k ges'kk lekf/k yxk;s gq;s ys'k ek= izos'k Hkh ns[kus dks ugha feyrkA
gh feyrs gSaS ^^ladj lgt l#iq lEgkjk] ykfx oLrqr% ;gk¡ :nzkorkj ds :i esa Lo;a Hkxoku
lekf/k v[kaM vikjk**A 1@578 ekul esa f'ko dk gh mykguk gS fd vkidh ek;k Kkuh
mudk ,d ek= ;k=k izlax] vxLR; _f"k ds tuksa ds fy;s Hkh izcy gS] eSa Hkh HkVdrk fQjk
vkJe tkus dk gh feyrk gS ^^,d ckj =srk gw¡A
tqx ekgha] laHkq x, dqaHkt fjf"k ikgha**A vkSj bl nksgk&,dq eSa ean eksgcl dqfVy ân;
izlax dh ifj.kfr Hkh lrhth ds nsg R;kx ls vX;ku A
gqbZ] ftls lHkh tkurs gSaA f'ko iqjk.k esa o.kZu
iqfuizHkq eksfg fclkjsm nhuca/kq Hkxoku
gS fd blls mUeÙk gksdj Hkxoku 'kadj lrhth
dh nsg ykns ykns lalkj esa fopj.k djus yxsA AA2AA
xksLokehth us Hkh ;g lc dqN dgk gS fdUrq gs izHkks ! ,d rks eSa xfr] efr vkSj HkkX; bu
'kSyh mudh viuh laf{kIr LokUr&lq[kk; okyh rhuksa ls gh ean gw¡] nwljs eksg ds o'khHkwr gw¡]
gS& rhljs ân; dk Hkh dqfVy dqpkyh gw¡ vkSj pkSFks]
^^tcrsa lrha tkb ruq R;kxk] rc rsa flo eu ân; esa Hkh vKku Nk;k gqvk gSA rk mij] gs
Hk;m fcjkxk**A n;kyq&nhu ca/kq ! gs loZleFkZ Hkxoku ! ¼viuh
^^fpnkuan lq[k/kke flo fcxr eksg en fc#nkoyh ds fo#)½ vkius Hkh eq>s foLe`r dj
dkeA fn;k \
fcpjfga êfg* /kfj ân;¡ gfj ldy yksd ^,dq eSa ean eksgcl& ;gk¡ tks pkj voxq.k dgs
vfHkjke**AA 1@75 x;s gSa ean] eksgo'k] dqfVy ân; vkSj vKku] ;s
^^tnfi vdke rnfi Hkxokuk] Hkxr fcjg pkjksa gh Jhguqekuth esa fdafpr ek= ugha gSA
nq[k nqf[kr lqtkuk**A vfirq xfr ds ekeys esa îouiq= iou lekuk*
êfg* ;kus /kjrh vkSj êfg* ;kus feêh] vFkkZr~ Hkh gS vkSj ^^ftfe veks?k j?kqifr dj ckuk] ,fg
ejk 'kjhj] ;g vFkZ yxk ysaxs rks f'koiqjk.k dh Hkk¡fr pysm guqekuk** HkhA efr ds ekeys esa
dFkk dk leLr Hkko mtkxj gks tk;sxkA Kkfuukexzx.;e ds ikl lqjlk ekrk dk izek.k
^^rk rs eSa ufga izHkq ifgpkuk& ;gk¡ ^rkrs* ls i= Hkh gS ^^jke dktq lcq dfjggq rqEg cy
rkRi;Z ek;k ls gSA mijksDr f’ko lrh&izlax esa cqf) fu/kku**AvkSj buds HkkX; dk rks dguk gh
Hkh ek;k dk mYys[k vusdksa ckj gqvk gS tSlsfd D;k] ;fn Hkxoku f'ko tSls ladksph O;fDr dks
Hkxoku f'ko ds euk djus ij Hkh tc lrhth gh vius va'k dh iz'kalk Lo;a djuh iM+ tk;
jketh dh ijh{kk ysus pyha rc ^^cksys fcgfl rks ijkdk"Bk gh ekuuh iMs+xh ^^guweku le
egslq ^gfjek;k* cyq tkfu ft;¡A 1@51 vkSj tc ufga cM+Hkkxh] ufga dksm jke pju vuqjkxh**
lrhth us lhrkth dk os"k cuk fy;k rc rks 7@49@8A
Lo;a jketh dks Hkh viuh ek;k dh izcyrk dks vkSj Jhguqekuth egkjkt eksgxzLr Hkh ugha
ns[k dj vk'p;Z gqvk ^^fut ek;k* cyq ân;¡ gSa vfirq eksgxzLrthoksa dks lUekxZ fn[kkus okyksa
c[kkuh] cksys fcgfl jkeq e`nq ckuh**A1@52@6 esa gSaA jko.k dks Hkh ^yadk vpy jktq rqEg
vkSj ijh{kk ysus ds ckn tc lrhth us Hkxoku djgw¡* dk mik; êksgR;kx* gh cryk;k Fkk&
f'ko ls gh >w¡B cksyk rc ¼n{k lqrk dks ek;k ds ^êksgewy cgq lwy izn R;kxgq re
o'khHkwr gqvk ns[k½ mUgksaus Hkh jke ek;k dks flj vfHkekuA
uok;k ;kus mldh izcyrk dks Lohdkj fd;k Hktgq jke j?kquk;d dìkfla/kq
^^cgqfj ^jkeek;fg* fl# ukok] izsfj lfrfg tsfg Hkxoku**AA 5@23
vKkuh ugha cfYd ;s brus Kku?ku gSa fd Lo;a nhuca/kq vkSj Hkxoku* iz;qDr djds lkFk esa
jketh Hkh buds g`n; esa fu'kad gksdj] /kuq"kck.k fclkjsgq dk mykguk Hkh fn;k gSA vfHkizk; gS
dks R;kxdj ¼/kj½ foJke ysrs gSa& fd vki loZ leFkZ Lokeh ¼izHkq½ gSa] nhuksa ds
^îzuom¡ ioudqekj [ky cy ikod cU/kq gSa vkSj leLr ,s'o;ksZa ls lEiUu ¼Hkxoku½
X;ku?kuA gSa fQj Hkh vkius ge nhu thoksa dks Hkqyk fn;kA
tklq g`n; vkxkj ^fclkjsm* in êksfg* vkSj ^nhu ca/kq* nksuksa ds
clfga jke lj pki /kj**AA 1@17 fy;s 'Ysk"k gSa] Hkko gS fd vkius viuh
buls fl) gS fd Jhguqekuth esa ;s pkjksa fojnkoyh dks Hkh Hkqyk fn;kA izHkq dks ;gh
voxq.k u rks igys dHkh Fks vkSj u gh vc gSaA mykguk ekrk lhrkth us Hkh Jhguqekuth ds
oLrqr% ekul esa ôkuj* ek;kNUu tho dk ek/;e ls dgyok;k Fkk &
izrhd gSA Kkfuukexzx.; us Lo;a vxyh ^^nhu n;ky fcfjnq laHkkjh] gjgq ukFk ee
pkSikb;ksa esa bldk mYYks[k fd;k gSA ;gk¡ Hkh ladV Hkkjh**A5@26@4
^,dq eSa* in ds }kjk blh ek;k dh vksj ladr s fo'ks"k& ^,dq*& xksLokehth us vf}rh;] vuqie
fd;k gS& êSa v# eksj rksj rSa ek;k*A ftl ;kus ftldk tksM+ dgha <Waw<s+ u feys ,slh laKkvksa
fdlh esa Hkh êSa* Hkko gksxk tks Lo;a dks loksZifj ds fy;s ^,d* fo'ks"k.k dk iz;ksx fd;k gS tSls
¼,d esa½ ekurk gS mlesa LoHkkfod gh ;s pkjksa fd ^^fuflpjh ^,d* fla/kq egq¡ jgbZ] dfj ek;k
voxq.k Hkh gksxas ^^ân;¡ naHk vgfefr uHkq ds [kx xgbZ**] ;k ûke yafduh ^,d*
vf/kdkbZ**A7@104@8 ;gk¡ HkDrkpk;Z guqekuth fuflpjh*A fdUrq bu ^,d* inksa ls ;gk¡ dk
ge thoksa dh vksj ls izfrfuf/kRo dj jgs gSaA ^,dq* in fHkUu gSA ;gk¡ ;g ^,dq* in êSa* dk
ûkjn HkfDr lw= esa* Jhukjnth us nSU; Hkko ds vfHkeku ikys gq;s loZ lk/kkj.k thokas dss vFkZ esa
}kjk ¼^nSU; fiz;RokPp*27½ Hkxor izkfIr ljy iz;qDr gqvk gS] bls guqekuth ds fy, dnkfi u
crykbZ gSA Jhguqekuth us Hkh nSU; Hkko ls xzg.k djsaA fof’k”V ^,d* in ls ;gk¡ dk ^,dq*
^êan eksgcl dqfVy ân;** vkfn dgs gaSA vkSj in vyx gS bls n’kkZus ds fy;s gh ;gk¡ ,d $
xksLokehth us Hkh blh nSU; Hkkouk ls gh ekul m ^,dq* dgk x;kA
esa Lo;a dks txg txg dqfVy] [ky] lB] tnfi ukFk cgq voxq u eks j s a A ls o d
ean&efr vkfn dgk gSA blh nSU; Hkko dks iz H kq f g ijS tfu Hkks j s a AA
iznf'kZr djus okyk ;g lwjnklth dk in rks gs nhukukFk ! ;|fi esjs esa cgqr voxq.k gSa frl
vius vkiesa mnkgj.k gS& ij Hkh lsod Lokeh dks ¼izHkq dks½ dgha Hkwy
eksle dkSu dqfVy [ky dkehA ldrk gSA
ftu ruq fn;ks rkfg fcljk;ks] ,slks ^^tnfi ukFk cgq voxqu eksjs& x#M+th ds eksg
ued gjkehAA izlax esa vkSj ekul jksx izalx esa voxq.kksa dh
Hkfj Hkfj mnj fo"k; dks /kk;ks] tSls ,d yEch lwph nh gqbZ gS & tSls dke] Øks/k]
lwdj xzkehA en] eku] eksg] yksHk] 'kksd] fpUrk] Mkg] r`".kk
gfjtu NkafM gjh foeq[ku dh] fufl vkfn vkfnA buesa dkekfn nks"k brus vf/kd
fnu djr xqykehAA fuEu Lrj ds gSa fd xksLokehth dks mUgsa vkSj
ikih dkSu cM+kS tx eksrs] lc ifrru muls lEcfU/kr vU; voxq.kksa dks Jhguqekuth
esa ukehA ds lUnHkZ esa iz;qDr djuk Hkh mfpr ugha yxkA
^lwj* ifrr dks BkSj dgka gS] rqe fcuq oLrqr% Åij ;gk¡ ftu pkj voxq.kksa dh ppkZ
Jhifr LokehAA gqbZ gS izk;% bUgha dk vkjksi.k Lokeh vius
îqfu izHkq eksfg fclkjsm nhu ca/kq Hkxoku& lsodksa ij Hkh djrs gSaA vkSj Hkkxor /keZ ds
Jhjketh ds fy;s ;gk¡ rhu rhu fo'ks"k.k îzHkq] vuq;k;h HkDrx.k bu voxq.kksa dks Lo;a esa
vkjksfir Hkh djrs gaSA vHkh lwjnklth dk in ;gk¡ ^tho* in dk mYys[k djds
vki ns[k gh pqds gSaA vc HkDrjkt Hkjrth dk Jhguqekuth us foxr pkSikb;ksa esa dgs vius
Hkh dgk ns[k ysa& dFkuksa dk leUo; fd;k gS vkSj Li"V thoksa dk
^tkugq jke dqfVy dfj eksgh] yksx dgm xqj i{k Hkh fy;k gSA D;ksafd izHkq dh ek;k ls Lo;a
lkfgc nzksgh*A ds cwrs fuLrkj ikuk tho ds fy;s drbZ laHko
^lhrkjke pju jfr eksjsa] vuqfnu c<+m ugha gSA HkfDr ?kkV ds vkpk;Z JhHkq'kqf.Mth us
vuqxzg rksjsa*A2@204 rks blss f'koczãkth ds fy;s Hkh dfBu dgk gS&
^^lsod izHkqfg ijS tfu Hkksjsa& lsod dk rkRi;Z ^^flo prqjkuu tkfga Msjkgh] vij tho dsfg ys[ks ekgha**A
gSa HkDr] nkl] cank vkSj ftUgsa j?kqifr lsod 7@70@8
dgykus esa xoZ gS ;Fkk ^^vl vfHkeku tkb ^^lks fuLrjb rqEgkjsfga Nksgk& ^Nksg* dk vFkZ gS
tfu Hkksjsa] eSa lsod j?kqifr ifr eksjsa**3@10@11 eeRo Hkko] LusgflDr Hkko lsA Nksg dk gh
blh xoZ Hkko ls gh ;gk¡ ioulqr us Lo;a lsod foykse 'kCn fcNksg] fo;ksx gSA viuksa ls fo;ksx
dgk gSA izk;% Vhdkdkjksa us bl v)kZyh dk gksus ij nk#.k d"V gksrk gS vkSj mlh ls
HkkokFkZ fd;k gS fd ^^vusdkusd voxq.kksa ds ckn lalxZ] lEidZ gks tk;s rks g"kZ mitrk gSA
Hkh lsod dh foLe`fr Lokeh dks ugha gksuh Jhlhrk vEck us guqekuth dks vusdkusd
pkfg;s** ijUrq Jhguqekuth us foxr nksgs esa vk'khokZn fn;s ^vtj vej xqu fuf/k lqr gksgw*
îzHkq eksfg fclkjsm* dk mykguk ns gh pqds gSa] dgkA fdUrq muls guqekuth dks oks izlUurk
ugh gqbZ ftruh fd bl vk'khZokn ls ^djgq¡
vc mlh ifjizs{; esa viuh lQkbZ ns jgs gaS fd
cgqr j?kquk;d Nksgw*A blds ckn rks os Hkh
vusdkusd voxq.kksa ds mijkar Hkh eSa ¼oLrqr%½
'kadjth ds leku gh exu gks x;s ^^djgq¡ dìk
lsod gksdj vius izHkq dks dSls Hkwy ldrk gw¡
izHkq vl lqfu dkuk] fuHkZj izse exu
vkSj Hkwyk Hkh ugha gw¡A ;ksa Hkh Jhguqekuth tSls
guqekuk**A D;ksafd izHkq dh ek;k muls u fyiVs
lsod&¼HkDrkpk;Z½ bl vHkfDr mitkus okys
bldh fpUrk Hkh vc izHkq dks gh djuh gksxhA
dFku dk ;kus fd voxq.kh tho izHkq dk Lej.k
Jhguqekuth ds dgs mijksDr opuksa dks gh vkxs
djsa gha ugha vkSj izHkq gh mldk Lej.k djrs dkxHkq'kqf.Mth us Hkh nksgjk;k gSA
jgsa dk] leFkZu dnkfi ugha djsaxa]s ,sls vk’k; ^^lks nklh ¼ek;k½ j?kqchj dS leq>sa feF;k
dks izJ; nsuk rks HkfDrekxZ dks gh vojksf/kr lksfiA
dj nsxkA NwV u jke dìk fcuq ukFk dgm¡ in
ukFk tho ro ek;k¡ eksgk A lks fuLrjb jksfi**AA 7@71
rqEgkjsfga Nksgk AA rk ij eSa j?kqchj nksgkbZ A tkum¡ ufga dNq
gs ukFk ! ;g lalkjh tho rks vkidh gh ek;k Hktu mikbZ AA
}kjk foeksfgr gSa vkSj mldk m)kj Hkh vkidh gs j?kqohjth! rkij ¼ek;k ls foeqDr gksus ds
okRlY;e;h dìk ¼Nksgk½ ls gh laHko gSA fy;s½ eSa vkidh 'kj.kkxfr ;k xqgkj ds
ûkFk tho ro ek;k¡ eksgk& foxr pkSikbZ esa vfrfjDr] Hktu dhrZu vkfn ds dqN Hkh mik;
^lsod* in ds ek/;e ls Lo;a dk ifjp; fn;k ugha tkurkA
Fkk& ^rk ij eSa j?kqchj nksgkbZ& ^rkij* ls rkRi;Z izHkq
^^tkfu jke lsok ljl leqf> djc dh vfo|k ek;k ls gS& ^^rsfg dj Hksn lqugq
vuqekuA rqe lksÅ] fc|k vij ^vfc|k* nksÅA
iq#"kk rs ^lsod* Hk, gj rs Hks ,d nq"V vfrl; nq[k :ik] tk cl tho ijk
guqeku**AA nks0143 Hko dwik**A3@14@5
^j?kqchj*& j?kqohj dk Hkko gS fd vki j?kqoaf'k;ksa lsod lqr ifr ekrq Hkjkslsa A jgb vlksp
esa ohj f'kjksef.k gSaA blds iwoZ Jhguqekuth bUgsa cub izHkq ikslsa AA
dksey lEcks/kuksa ls ukFk] izHkq] nhuca/kq] Hkxoku gs izHkks ! tSls lsod Lokeh ds Hkjksls vkSj
vkfn ls lEcksf/kr dj pqds gSaA pw¡fd vfo|k ckyd ekrk ds Hkjksls ij fpark eqDr jgrs gSaA
ek;k ls lk/kkj.k tho fuLrkj ugha ik ldrk] mUgsa mudk ikyu iks"k.k djuk iM+rk gSA oSls
;g /khj&ohjksa dk dk;Z gSA eSa vkidh iztk gw¡ gh eq> lsod lqr dks vki loZ leFkZ izHkq dk
vkSj iztk dh j{kk djuk j?kqoaf’k;ksa dk /keZ gS gh Hkjkslk gSA
bls lwfpr djus ds fy;s ^j?kqchj nksgkbZ* in ^lsod lqr ifr ekrq Hkjksls& ukjnth dks izHkq us
fn;kA ^nksgkbZ* dk vFkZ gS ?kks"k.kk djuk] ;kpuk opu fn;k gS ^^Hktfga ts eksfg rft ldy
djuk] tSls ^tc izrki jfc Hk;m uì fQfj HkjkslkA djm¡ lnk frUg dS j[kokjh] ftfe
^nksgkbZ* nsl*A1@153 ;fn bls 'kiFk ;k lkSx/a k ckyd jk[kb egrkjh**A 3@42@5 ukjnth dks
ds :i esa ys ysaxs tSlk fd Vhdkdkj ysrs gSa rks fn;s mlh vk'oklu dks gh ;gk¡ ;kn fnyk;k gSA
;g mudh fujkfHkekfurk dh txg loZ leFkZ Jhguqekuth vHkh lsod ds ckus esa gSSa vr%
Jhguqekuth dks vlR; Hkk"k.kdÙkkZ Bgjk nsxk] os igys lsod in dgk vkxs os Jhlhrk vEck dh
rks Lo;a Hkfä ekxZ ds vkpk;Z gSa& ekU;rk ij lqr Hkh cusaxs ^^lquq ^lqr* djfga
^tkum¡ ufga dNq Hktu mikbZ& ^tkum¡* in fcfiu j[kokjh** vkSj eS;k dh izsj.kk ls gh
'ys"kkFkhZ gS ^nksgkbZ tkum¡* vkSj ^tkum¡ ufg dNq Jhjketh dks Hkh bUgsa lqr Lohdkj djuk
Hktu* bu nksuksa ds fy;s iz;qDr gqvk gSA nSU; iM+k&^^lqu ^lqr* rksfg mfju eSa ukgha] ns[ksm¡
Hkko ls ^tkum¡ ufga dNq Hktu* dgk x;k gS dfj fcpkj eu ekgha**A5@32@7
fdUrq ^mikbZ* ^jgfg vlksp cub izHkq iksls& ;gk¡ bu pkSikb;ksa
¼lk/ku½ dh vkM+] vkJ; ysdj gh dgk gS tSls esa ^Hko Hk;* ¼lalkfjd fparkvksa½ ls fuLrkj ikus
fd xksLokehth us ^dksjs* in ds vkJ; ls dgk ;k ek;k ls eqDr gksus ds nks mik; lq>k;s gSa&
gS ^^dfcr fccsd ,d ufga eksjs] lR; dgm¡ ,d rks ^^fuLrjfg rqEgkjsfg Nksgk** vFkZkr~ Hktu
fyf[k dkxn dksjs**A vU;Fkk Jhguqekuth o lRdeksZa }kjk izHkq dk dìk ik= gks tkuk]
egkjkt rks lquus lqukus nksuksa ds gh HktukuUnh iw.kZr;k mu ij gh fuHkZj gks tkuk rkfd os gh
gS îzHkq pfj= lqfucs dks jfl;k*] gekjk m)kj dj nsaA nwljs esa] Lo;a ds
^^jkepUnz xqu cjuSa ykxk] lqurfga lhrk lk/kukgadkj dks R;kxdj eu opu deZ ls izHkq
dj nq[k HkkxkA** dh 'kj.kkxfr xzg.k dj ysukA ;g lk/ku izHkq
pw¡fd Lo;a dks lsod dg vk;s gSa ¼lsod dk gh crk;k gqvk gS&
izHkqfg ijS tfu Hkksjs½ vkSj lsod dks dqN u dqN ^^cpu deZ eu eksfj xfr Hktuq djfga
Hktu] iwtu] lk/ku] lsok :ih dk;Z djus iM+rs fu%dkeA
gSa vkSj lk/kd ;k lk/kkj.k tho mruk dj ugh frUg ds ân; dey egq¡ djm¡ lnk
ikrk blfy;s dgk gS fd eSa ¼tho½ Hktu mikbZ fcJke**AA 3@16
ugha tkurkA ^jgb vlksp* dk Hkko gS fd thou;kiu ds
^tkum¡ ufga dNq*& ,d vfHkizk; ;g Hkh gS fd fy;s fpUrk ugha djuh gSa vkSj ^cub izHkq iksls%*
eSa osnksä dk;Z :ih ^^ti ri czr te fu;e eu esa n`<+ Hkjkslk j[kuk gS fd vc izHkq gh
vikjk] tsJqfr dg lqHk /keZ vpkjk**A gekjs fgrkfgr dk /;ku j[ksax]s ^gksbfg lksb tks
7@116@10 dks ugha tkurk gw¡] dsoy ^tkum¡ jke jfp jk[kk* ds fl)kUr ij Hkxoku f’ko us
dNq Hktu mikbZ* gh tkurk gw¡A Hkfä ekxZ esa lrhth dk ifjR;kx dj fn;kA rc bu nksuksa
fu%gadkj iwoZd lRdeZ djuk gh Hktu gSA dk iqufeZyu djkus gsrq jketh dks gh ikiM+
csyus iM+sA ekul eeZKksa dk ekuuk gS fd igys
rks f’koth dh fpjkSjh dh ^vc fcurh ee lqugq lqxzho lfpoa dfie~**A4@3@27 fdUrq ,d
f’ko*] fQj fe=rk dh nqgkbZ nh ^tkSa eks ij fut etsnkj rF; ;g Hkh gS fd ekul Hkj esa]
usgq* Lokeh ds ukrs vkKk Hkh nh ^tkb fcckggq Jhy{e.kth vkSj guqekuth esa dgha dksbZ
lSytfg*] ckr rc Hkh ugha cuh rks Hkh[k Hkh lEHkk"k.k ns[kus dks ugha feyrk gS \
ekax yh ^;g eksfg ekaxs nsgq* 1@76 fut Hkä ds ^fut ruq izxfV izhfr mj NkbZ& Jhguqekuth dk
fgr ds fy;s izHkq lc dqN djus rS;kj jgrs gSaA ^fut ruq* Hkh izHkq ds leku gh ^fut bPNk
blhfy;s ^cub izHkq iksls* dgkA ;gh vk'oklu fufeZr ruq ek;k xqu xks ikj*1@192 gSA
Jhxhrkth esa Hkxoku us Hkh fn;k gS ^^tks vuU; okYehfd jkek;.k esa] Jhguqekuth us jketh ls
lsod fuR; fujUrj esjk fpUru djrs gSa muds Lo;a dgk gS fd eSa bPNkuqlkj :i /kkj.k dj
;ksx{kse ¼vHkko dh iwfrZ] izkIr oLrq dh j{kk½ eSa ldrk gw¡] pkgs tgk¡ tk ldrk gw¡ ^^dkexa dke
ogu djrk gw¡& ^^rs"kka fuR;kfHk;qDrkuak ;ksx{kse pkfj.ke~**A4@3@23] ;gk¡ ^fut ruq* ls rkRi;Z
ogkE;ge~**A 9@22A ml fo'kky otzkax dfi Lo:i ls gS ftls
vl dfg ijsm pju vdqykbZ A fut ruq mUgksaus lhrk eS¸;k dks fn[kyk;k Fkk&
izxfV izhfr mj NkbZ AA ^^lqfu dfi izxV dhfUg fut nsgk**A
izHkq dks gh iks"k.k djuk gksxk] ,slk dg dj ^^dud Hkw/kjkdkj ljhjk] lej Hk;adj vfrcy
og ¼Jhguqekuth½ O;kdqyrk ls izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa chjk** 5@15@7&8
esa fxj iM+k ¼Lo;a ij n`f"V iM+rs gh½ mlus Jhguqekuth dh nsg ;fn fo'kky ugha gksrh rks
viuk ¼okuj½ 'kjhj izdV dj fn;k ftlls vkxs os nksuksa Hkzkrkvksa dks Qwy ¼dqUnsUnhoj½ ds
muds ¼izHkq ds Hkh½ ân;ksa esa izhfr meM+ vkbZA leku ihB ij ^^fy;s nqvkS tu ihfB p<kbZ**
^vl dfg ijsm pju vdqykbZ& blds igys Hkh ykndj fj";ewd ioZr ys tk;saxs ;g dSls laHko
îjsm xfg pjuk* dgk x;k gS fdUrq bl chp gksrk\
mBus ;k mBkus dk ladr s dgha ugha gSA vr% îzxfV izhfr mj NkbZ* izhfr rks igys ls gh Fkh]
^/khjtq /kfj vLrqfr dhUgha* ls rkRi;Z fudkyuk vkSj nksuksa vksj FkhA fdUrq tgk¡ izHkq dks cukoVh
gksxk fd ogk¡ Jhguqekuth Lo;a [kM+s gq, gSa] os"k ds dkj.k ;FkkFkZ izdV djus esa] Lusg
vkSj O;fFkr Hkh gSaA mldk 'keu gh ^/khjt iznf'kZr djus esa la;e cjruk iM+ jgk Fkk] ogha
/kfj* in esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA vkSj ;gka Hkh os izHkq :nzkorkj ml #{k O;ogkj ls mf}Xu gksdj
ds :[ks O;ogkj ls] vius dFku ds izfr dksbZ mykgus is mykguk fn;s tk jgs FksA vc
izfrfØ;k ;k izR;qÙkj u ikdj] O;kdqy gks dj] guqekuth us T;ksa gh diV os'k R;kxk] deZ ls
iqu% izHkq ds pj.kksa esa fxj iM+s gSaA vHkh rd 'kj.kkxfr gks xbZ] izHkq us muds ân; esa viuh
Jhguqekuth izHkq dh Nfo ls foeksfgr ¼ns[kr izrhfr djknh ¼izxVs ân;¡ gju Hko Hkhjk½A vr%
#fpj cs"k½ gq;s muds eq[kkjfoUn dks rkdrs gq;s vc mykgus frjksfgr gks x;s] nksukas ds ân; esa
okrkZyki dj jgs FksA fxjus ij mudh n`f"V izhfr meM+ vkbZA
Lo;a ds diV&os"k ¼foiz :i½ ij xbZ rc mUgsa rc j?kqifr mBkb mj ykok A fut ykspu
diV os"k dk Hkku gqvkA izHkq dh ok.kh gS& ty lhafp tqM+kok AA
^^fueZy eu tu ls eksfg ikok] eksfg diV Ny rc j?kqifr us ¼Lokeh Hkko ls½ mls
fNnz u Hkkok**A5@43@5 Jhguqekuth dk eu cjcl mBk dj vius ân; ls yxk fy;k vkSj
fueZy Fkk] blfy;s izHkq us ;gk¡ laf{kIr mÙkj ¼i'pkrki Lo:i fudys½ fut us=ksa ds ty ls
nsdj mudk lEeku j[kk gSA vU;Fkk okYehfd lhapdj mls 'khry fd;kA
jkek;.k esa rks izHkq ds vkns'k ij Jhy{e.kth ^^rc j?kqifr mBkb mj ykok& tc Jhguqekuth
dks gh nqHkkf"k;s dh Hkk¡fr lqxhz o&lfpo guqekuth us Lo;a dk Lo:i izdV fd;k vkSj ân; esa
ls ckr djuh iM+h gS ^^reH; Hkk"k lkSfe=s izhfr meM+h rc Jhj?kqifr us mUgsa xys yxk;kA
j?kqifr dk Hkko pjkpj ifr ¼Lokeh½ ls gS Li”V n`”; cusxk fd Jhlnkf'ko ds izdV gksus
^^lksb jkeq C;kid czã Hkqou fudk; îfr* ek;k ij Jhj?kqifr us Lo;a ds us= ty ls mudk
/kuh**A1@51Nan] vkSj ^lsod lqr îfr* ekrq #nzkfHk"ksd fd;k gSA ^f'ko efgEu* esa rks o.kZu
Hkjksls* esa Hkh îfr* in blh vFkZ esa iz;qDr feyrk gS fd Hkxoku fo".kq us lgL= dey
gqvk gSA Qwyksa ls }kjk fd;s tkus okys lgL=kfHk"ksd esa
izHkq dks vius fd;s dBksj O;ogkj ij nq%[k gS ,d dey de iM+ tkus ij vius us= dey
ftls mUgksaus vxyh v)kZyh ^lquq dfi ft;¡ dks gh fudky dj f'koth ij p<+k fn;k Fkk
ekufl tfu Åuk* esa O;Dr Hkh fd;k gSA ;|fi ^^gfjLrs lkgL=a dey
blesa mudk fdafpr ek= Hkh nks"k ugha gS] rc cfyek/kk; in;ks;Znsdksus rfLeu~ futeqn gjUus=
Hkh HkDrjkt dk ân; bruh nsj rd rks nq%f[kr deye~**A19 pw¡fd Hkxoku 'kadj jkSnzLo:i Hkh
gqvk gh] blfy;s vfoyEc izHkq us guqekuth dks gSaA vkSj bUgsa lkSE;&'khry djus ds fy;s buds
mBk dj ân; ls yxk fy;kA #nzkfHk"ksd esa /kkjk ds :i esa izpqj ty iz;qDr
^fut ykspu ty lhafp tqM+kok& izHkq ds izsekJq fd;k tkrk gS vr% ^ty lhafp tqM+kok* dgkA
Vidus yxs] muds us=ksa ls bruk ty Vidk fd okYehfd jkek;.k esa] Jhjketh us
Jh#nzkorkj dk iwjk 'kjhj gh lhap x;kA vkSj iouiq= dh iz'ka"kk esa mUgsa lkjs osnksa dk Kkrk]
mu m".k izsekJqvksa dh bruh cj"kk gqbZ fd 'kq) O;kdj.kkpk;Z bR;kfn dgk gSSA oLrqr% og
Jhguqekuth dks tsB efgus esa Hkh tkM+k yxus Hkh ,d izdkj ls #nz&Lrqfr gh gS vkSj og
yxk blfy;s ^tqM+kok* in yxk gSA ;ksa euhf”k;ksa #nz&lwDr ds 'yksdksa ds vuq:i Hkh gS&
^tqM+kok* in HkXu g`n; dks tksM+us ds vFkZ esa ^^v/;okspnf/koDrk izFkeks nSO;ksfHk"kd~A
fy;k gS fdUrq ^ty lhafp* in ds dkj.k tkM+k vgh¡'p lokZatEH;URlokZ'p
yxus okyk Hkko gh lgh gSA xksLokehth us ;gk¡ ;krq/kkU;ks·/kjkph% iqjk lqokAA5AA
bu pkSikb;ksa esa xw<+ Hkko Hkjs gSaA vHkh ^fut vFkkZr 'kkL= lEer opu cksyus okys]
ruq izxfV* ls mudk vfHkizk; Fkk fd #nzkorkj nsofgrdkjh] ijejksxuk'kd] izFke iwT; #nz gesa
us Lo;a dks 'kadjth ds Lo:i esa izdV fd;k gS Js"B dgs vkSj likZfn dk fouk'k djrs gq;s lHkh
vkSj îzhfr mj NkbZ* ls rkRi;Z gS fd nksuksa ds v/kksxkeh jk{kfl;ksa dks gels nwj djsaA
g`n; esa vius vius b"V ls feyus dh izhfr Nk lquq dfi ft;¡ ekufl tfu Åuk A rSa ee
xbZA jketh Hkxoku f’ko ds fufoZokn b”V gSa]
fiz; yfNeu rs nwuk AA
mUgha ds ‘kCnksa esa gh ^^lksb ee b”Vnso j?kqchjk]
gs dfi! lquks] rqe vius eu esa Lo;a dks de
lsor tkfg lnk eqfu /khjk**1@50@8 fdUrq
ugh ekuksA rqe rks eq>s y{e.k ls Hkh nwus fiz;
etsnkj rF; gS fd j?kqoaf'k;ksa ds b"V nso
gksA
Hkxoku vk'kqrks"k gSaA n'kjFkth budk Lej.k ^lquq dfi ft;¡ ekufl tfu Åuk& ,d ds
djds gh dk;kZjEHk djrs Fks& ^^vkiq p<s+m izsekJq cgsxas rks LoHkkfod gh nwljs dks jksuk vk
L;anu lqfefj gj xqj xkSfj xuslq**A1@301 ,sls tk;sxkA fQj 'kadj&lqvu rks igys ls gh
gh mnkgj.k Jhjketh ds Hkh feysxas ^^xuifr #¡vkls Fks vr% mUgsa lkUrouk nsus] pqi djkus
xkSfj fxjhlq eukbZ] pys vlhl ikb ds fy;s gh ^lquq dfi* lEcks/ku fd;k gSA ^lquq
j?kqjkbZ**A2@80@2 vkSj Hkjrth Hkh bUgha ds dfi* ;gk¡ ,dopu gS] fe=rk ds ukrs xgjs
vkjk/kd gSa ^flo vfHk"ksd djfga fcf/k ukuk*A yxko dk ifjpk;d ,oa guqekuth us Lo;a dks
^êkaxfg ân;¡ egsl eukbZ] dqly ekrq firq ^lsod lqr* ¼lsod lqr ifr ekrq Hkjksls½ dh
ifjtu HkkbZ**A 2@156@8 bl ifjis{; ls Js.kh esa j[kk gS] blfy;s Hkh izHkq us ;fn bUgsa
^fut ykspu ty lhafp* dk euu djsaxs rks lqr ekuk gksrk rks #¡vkls gksus ds igys gh os
mUgsa xys yxk ysrs] mudh ok.kh gS ^^xg fllq dh lsok djus ds fy;s tM+ ¼vfoosdh½ iq#"k rd
cPN vuy vfg /kkbZ] rg¡ jk[kbZ tuuh dh lhek rd tk ldrs gSa ^^lsofga y[kuq lh;
vjxkbZ**A izHkq us #nzkorkj dks xys yxk;k gS j?kqchjfg] ftfe vfccsdh iq#"k ljhjfg**
^mBkb mj ykok* ;kus vius led{k lEeku 2@141@2 fdUrq os Hkh izHkq dks ihB ij ykn
fn;k gSA vr% dg ldrs gSa fd bUgsa îzkS<+ dj ys tkus dh lsok ugha dj ldrsA blh n`f"V
Kkuh ru;* ekuk gS ^êksjs izks<+ ru; le ls Hkxoku lnkf'ko us okuj nsg dk p;u fd;k
X;kuh] ckyd lqr le nkl vekuh**3@42@A rkfd os izHkq dh lokZf/kd lsok dj ldsa ^^#nznsg
;ksa ;g ,dopu ekrk] fe= vkSj ^Hkxoku* ds rft usg cl ckuj Hks guqeku**A141nksgk0
fy;s Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gSA fo".kq lglzuke esa blfy;s izHkq us ^rSa ee fiz; yfNeu rs nwuk*
JhHkxoku dk ,d uke dfi Hkh gS& dgk A
ô`"kkdfijes;kRek loZ;ksxfofu%l`r%*24] ekul oLrqr% HkfDr 'kkL= gS] ân; esa
^lukRlukrure% dfiy% dfijI;;%*A109 vr% ftrus vf/kd Hkko mitsxas mruh gh Hkxor
jketh us bUgsa ^lquq dfi* lEcks/ku b"V ekudj jlkuqHkwfr c<+sxhA blh mn~ns'; ls dkO;f'kjksef.k
fd;k gS] ;g Hkh eku ldrs gSaA JhxksLokehth us blds l`tu esa ,sls 'kCnksa dk
^^rSa ee fiz; yfNeu rs nwuk& ftKklk gksuh iz;ksx fd;k gS ftlls vf/kdkf/kd Hkkoksa dh
LokHkkfod gS fd izHkq us y{e.kth ds le{k gh l`f"V gks ldsA foKtu ^yfNeu rs nwuk* dgus
guqekuth dks rqe eq>s y{e.k ls nwus fiz; gks ds vusdkusd Hkko yxkrs gSa tSlsfd ¼1½ O;ogkj
,slk D;ksa dg fn;k\ tcfd vHkh rd txr esa tks fiz; gksrk gS mlh dh lkSx/a k [kkus
Jhguqekuth us u rks izHkq dh dksbZ ykSfdd lsok dh ;k mlls rqyuk djus dh jhfr gS tSls
gh dh gS vkSj u gh ,sls fdlh laokn dk ^^Hkjrgq rs eksfg
vknku iznku gh gqvk gS fd ftlds dkj.k mUgsa vf/kd fi;kjs**A7@7@8 ;k ¼2½ ekrk ds ,d
y{e.kth ls nks xquk fiz; ;k Js"B dgk tk iq= igys ls gh gks rFkk ,d iq= vkSj tUe
ldsA gk¡] y{e.kth ds le{k gh dg dj izHkq us tk; rks igys okys ls ;g u;k T;knk fiz;
;g vo'; trk fn;k fd esjk izse ukius dk yxsxk ^îzkS<+ Hk,¡ rsfg lqr ij ekrk] izhfr djb
iSekuk ¼eki n.M½ y{e.k gh gS vkSj ufga ikfNy ckrk**A3@42 blfy;s u;s i/kkjs
^Kkfuukexzx.;e~* Hkh ;g le> x;s fd izHkq dks ioulqrth y{e.kth ls vf/kd fiz; dgs x;sA
Jhy{e.kth ls vfHkUu&vizfre izse gSA ¼3½ leqnz larj.k ds le; foHkh"k.kth u;s
gk¡] Jhguqekuth us ,d dk;Z izHkq ds 'kj.kkxr FksA leqnz larj.k dh leL;k ^^dsfg
le{k vo'; fd;k gS ^fut ruq izxfV* ;kus fcf/k rfj; tyf/k xaHkhjk** lcds lEeq[k j[kh
LoLo:i izdV djus dk] ftls ns[kus ds ckn gh xbZ FkhA ogk¡ Hkh izHkq us foHkh"k.kth dh jk; dks
izHkq us mUgsa ân; ls yxk dj mudk izsekJqvksa gh izkFkfedrk nh] og Hkh Jhy{e.kth ds eq[kj
ls gh #nzkfHk"ksd dj fn;k FkkA ,slk ugha gS fd fojks/k ds ckn HkhA D;ksafd y{e.kth vius gSa o
izHkq ds us=ksa esa izsekJq dsoy vius :[ks O;ogkj foHkh"k.kth u;s gSaA ¼4½ Jhjketh us rks ifjokj
ds dkj.k gh vk;s gksa vfirq mUgsa rks Hkxoku okyksa vkSj Lusgh lxstuksa ls Hkh ^lsod* vkSj
f'ko tksfd muds b"V Hkh gSa vkSj mUgsa lokZf/kd ^nkl* dks lokZf/kd fiz; ekuk gS&
fiz; Hkh gSa ¼flo leku fiz; eksfg u nwtk½ ^îqfu iqfu lR; dgm¡ rksfg ikgha] eksfg lsod le fiz; dksm ukgha**
mudks gh lsod ds ckus esa ns[k dj jksuk vk 7@85@8] ^^vuqt jkt laifr cSnsgh] nsg xsg ifjokj lusgh**A
x;kA fu%lansg Jhy{e.kth jkepj.kkjfoanksa ds ^^lc ee fiz; ufga rqEgfg lekuk] è"kk u dgm¡ eksj ;g ckuk**A
vuU; lsod gSaA Hkjrth us dgk Hkh gS ^^vgg 7@15@6&7 y{e.kth NksVs HkkbZ ds ukrs lsod
/kU; yfNeu cM+ Hkkxh] jkeinkjfcanq gSa fdUrq guqekuth rks 'kadjth ds :i esa
vuqjkxh**A7@1@3 vkSj os gh ,sls gSa fd izHkq ¼ek/kqeZ Hkko ls½ Lokeh Fks vc lsod gks x;s gSa
vr% ^yfNeu rs nwuk* dgkA ¼5½ yksx ;g Hkh eq>s rks lsod fiz; gS og Hkh ,slk lsod tks
Hkko nsrs gSa fd guqekuth gh vkxs dh yhykvksa vU; vkJ;ksa dk loZFkk ifjR;kx djds esjs izfr
esa lokZf/kd mi;ksxh&lgk;d gksxas jketh ds fy;s vkLFkkoku gksA
dgk x;k gS ^ûhfr izhfr ijekjFk LokjFkq] dksm ^lenjlh eksfg dg lc dksÅ & igys rks izHkq us
u jke le tku tFkkjFkq**2@253@5 vr% pj.kksa esa iM+s gq;s guqekuth dks u mBkdj
jketh us mUgsa LokFkZo’k ^yfNeu rs nwuk* dgk mnklhurk fn[kykbZ] ckn esa xys yxk dj
gSA buds fy;s ;gh dg ldrs gSa ^^ftUg dsa jgh
vJqvksa ls mudk vfHk"ksd fd;k vkSj mrus ij
Hkkouk tSlh] izHkq ewjfr frUg ns[kh rSlh**A
Hkh mUgsa lUrks"k ugha gqvk rks opuksa ls ^rSa ee
^rs nwuk* &ekul eeZKksa us bldk ,d Hkkoiw.kZ
vFkZ ;ksa Hkh fd;k gS& ^rS ee fiz;* dk v{kj'k% fiz; yfNeu rs nwuk* dg dj vius O;ogkj esa
vFkZ gqvk fd rqe eq>s fiz; gks vkSj ^yfNeu rs Li"V oS"kE;rk dk cks/k djk;kA blh ds
nwuk* dks ^nw* vkSj ûk* bl izdkj vyx djus Li"Vhdj.k esa izHkq dk dguk gS fd Hkys gh
ls y{e.k vkSj rqe nks ugh gks ;g Hkko cusxkA lalkj ds lHkh yksx ¼lar] ln&xzaFk vkSj fuxqZ.k
rkRi;Z gS fd Hkxoku 'kadj gh y{e.kth vkSj fujkdkj czã ds mikld vkfn½ czã dks le
guqekuth bu nksuksa :iksa esa vorfjr gq;s gSaA ekus fdUrq lxq.k lkdkj dk vorkj rks izkjEHk
xksLokehth us y{e.kth ds ckjs esa cjoS jkek;.k ls gh i{kikr ij] HkDr dh vfHkyk"kk iwfrZ gsrq
esa ladrs Hkh fd;k gS ^^dksm dg uj ukjk;.k gh gqvk gS] mls rks HkDr dh Hkkouk ds vuqdy w
gfj gj dksm** bldk mYys[k izFke 'yksd dh gh le&fo"ke O;ogkj djuk iM+rk gS Jhxhrkth
Vhdk esa fd;k gS] ogk¡ ns[kysaA
esa Hkxoku Jhd`”.k us Li”V ‘kCnksa esa dgk gS&
izHkq us ^yfNeu rs nwuk* dg dj
^^leks·ga loZHkwrs"kq u esa }s";ks·fLr u fiz;%A
Jhguqekuth ds HkXu ân; dks rks tqM+k fn;k
fdUrq ,slk dg nsus ls ijkRijczã esa Hkh tho ds ;s HktfUr rq eka HkDR;k ef; rs rs"kq
izfr oS"kE;rk ;k HksnHkko dh izrhfr gksus yxrh pkI;ge**AA Jhxhrkth9@29
gSA bldk lek/kku izHkq us Lo;a gh vxyh vFkkZr ^êSa lc Hkwrks esa leHkko ls O;kIr gw¡] u
pkSikbZ vkSj nksgs esa fd;k gSA oLrqr% ;g oS”kE; dksbZ esjk }s"k ik= gS vkSj u fiz; gS] ijUrq tks
Hkko gh bl fdf"dU/kkdk.M dk ewy ea= gS vkSj HkDr eq>dks izse ls Hktrs gSa os eq>esa gSa vkSj eSa
bls ckyh c/k ds izlax dh uhao Hkh dg ldrs Hkh muesa izR;{k izdV gw¡A rkRi;Z gS fd HkDrksa ds
gSaA bPNkuqdy w O;ogkj djrk gw¡**A Lo;a gh fopkj
^rSa ee fiz;*& blds iwoZ vj.;dk.M esa izHkq us djsa fd ;fn czã le cuk jgs] ckyh&jko.k ;k
y{e.kth ls êSa v# eksj rksj rSa ek;k* mins’k dal tSlksa dks izrkfM+r gh u djs rks HkfDr dh
fd;k gSA ;gk¡ mldk lqanj O;ogkfjd mi;ksfxrk gh D;k jg tk;sxh\
lek/kku Hkh izLrqr fd;k gSA ;fn ^rSa* ¼ijk;k½ ^lsod fiz; vuU; xfr lksÅ& izHkq dk dguk gS
ds lkFk êe* ¼eeRo½ dk ukrk&fj'rk tksM+ fd ;g i{kikr iw.kZ O;ogkj eSa vius fiz;
fy;k tk;s] mlls izhfr dj yh tk;s rks tks lsodksa ds fy;s djrk gw¡A fiz; lsod ls ;gk¡ izHkq
^nq"V vfrl; nq[k :ik* ;kus LokFkZ okn&fookn] dk rkRi;Z ,sls HkDr] lar] lTtu] lk/kq vkfn
oSeuL;rk okyh êk;k* gS og chp esa jg gh O;fDr;ksa ls gS tks lc izdkj ls lalkj ds
ugha ik;sxhA fgrS"kh gSa] lsokHkkoh gSa ^lcds fiz; lcds
lenjlh eksfg dg lc dksÅ A lsod fiz; fgrdkjh] nq[k lq[k lfjl izallk xkjh* vkSj
nwljksa ds fy;s Lo;a ladV >syus okys gSa ^^fciz
vuU;xfr lkssÅ AA /ksuq fgr ladV lggha**A vuU; xfr ls rkRi;Z
lc dksbZ eq>s ¼ijkRijczã dks½ len'khZ ¼lHkh gS ftUgsa ,d ek= izHkq dk gh vkJ; gS mUgha dk
dks leku n`f"V ls ns[kus okyk½ dgrs gSaA fdUrq Hkjkslk gS
^^dgfga lR; fiz; cpu fcpkjh] tkxr lksor gksus ;k fopfyr gksdj mls lekIr djus dk]
lju rqEgkjh**A Lo;a dks Lokeh vkSj vU; tuksa dks {kqnz ekuus
^^rqEgfg NkfM+ xfr nwlfj ukgha** dk] iz;kl u djsaA
2@129@4&5A ^guqear* & izHkq ds }kjk ifjp; iwN ysus ds
ukjn HkfDr lw= esa Hkh vk;k gS ^vU;kJ;k.kka dkj.k gh ¼^dggq fciz fut dFkk cq>kbZ*½ ;g
R;kxks·vuU;rk*A vFkkZr vU; vkJ;ksa dks R;kx eku&eukSvy dk fookn ¼^rqEg iwNgq dl uj
nsuk gh HkfDr esa vuU;rk gSA ;fn ,sls vuU; dh ukbZ*½ izkjEHk gqvk FkkA vkSj /;ku jgs fd
lsodks ds lkFk Hkh vU;k; gksrk gS rks izHkq ds bu laoknksa esa Jhguqekuth us viuk uke ;k
fy;s fo"ke O;ogkj djuk vko';d gks tkrk gSA ifjp; dgha ugha fn;k gS] rc Hkh izHkq us mUgsa
jketh dh uhfr gS& guqear uke ls lEcksf/kr djds viuh loZKrk
^êkur lq[kq lsod lsodkbZ] lsod cSj cS: ¼izHkqrk½ ,oa iwoZ ifjp; gksuk trk fn;kA izHkq us
vf/kdkbZ**A2@218 ^lenjlh eksfg dg* esa vius ,s'o;Z Hkko dks
nksgk& lks vuU; tkdsa vfl efr u Vjb ;kus pjkpj dk Lokeh gksus ds Hkko dks] vkSj
guqearA ^guqear* esa ek/kq;Z Hkko dks n'kkZ;k gSA D;ksafd
^guqear* 'kCn ,dopu gS ftls iq=] f'k";]
eSa lsod lpjkpj :i Lokfe
lsod ;k vkReh; ds fy;s gh iz;qDr fd;k tkrk
HkxoarAA3AA gSA izHkq us ;gk¡ bUgsa f'k"; dh Hkkafr HkfDr'kkL=
gs guqearyky ! esjk vuU; lsod ;k fiz; dk xw<+ rRo iznku fd;k gSA tSls osnksa dk lkj
HkDr ogh gS tks fLFkj cqf) ls bl l`f"V ds osnkar dgykrk gS osSls gh bls ikdj Kkuh
leLr py&vpy dks ,dek= vius Lokeh guqekuth Hkh HkDrf'kjksef.k guqearyky cu x;sA
¼izHkq] bZ'oj½ dk izfrfcEc eku dj lHkh dh vkxs tgk¡ dgha Hkh ^guqear* in feys rks tku ysa
lsok esa lnSo lsod dh Hkk¡fr rRij jgsA fd og rRoK ds vFkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gS tkusA
^lks vuU; tkdsa* vfl& izHkq dh dhxbZ O;k[;k êSa lsod lpjkpj* & Jhguqekuth us dgk Fkk
ds vuqlkj leLr tM+&psru dks gh Hkxor ^tkum¡ ufg dNq Hktuq mikbZ* izHkq us ;gk¡ mik;
Lo:i eku dj ^lh; jke e; lc tx tkuh* trk fn;k fd pjkpj dks gh esjk :i ekudj
bl n`f”V ls lHkh dks ^djm¡ izuke tksfj tqx muds fgr esa dk;Z djuk Hkh esjh HkfDr gh gSA
ikuh* ;kus lHkh dks ojh;rk nsus ls tks 'kcjhth dks
lkaiznkf;d fo}s"k gS ¼esjs vjk/; Js"B] esjh iwtk uo/kk HkfDr dk Kku nsrs gq;s izHkq us ogk¡ Hkh
i)fr Js"B vkfn½ mudh dksbZ xqatkb'k gh ugha ;gh dgk gS ^^lkro¡ le eksfg e; tx ns[kk]
jgrh gSA mlesa Hkh izHkq dh 'krZ gS fd mldh eks rsa lar vf/kd dfj ys[kk**3@35@3A
efr dnkfi jkx&}s"k ls fopfyr u gksosaA izHkq us iouiq= dks Jhy{e.kth dh
êfr u Vjb*&,slh efr ds Lokeh dks Jhxhrkth vis{kk ^nwuk fiz;* dgk Fkk] mldk jkt Hkh bl
esa ^fLFkrizK* dgk x;k gS& ^^nq%[kS"ouqf}Xueuk% iafDr esa fufgr gSA izHkq ds }kjk dh xbZ bl
lq[ks"kq foxrLi`g%A vuU;rk dh O;k[;k esa] pjkpj dks gh Hkxonzwi
ohrjkxHk;Øks/k% ekuus esa] Jhguqekuth gh [kjs mrjrs gSa]
fLFkr/kheqZfu#P;rs**AA2@56 Jhy{e.kth ughaA D;ksafd mUgksaus rks Li"V ?kksf"kr
vFkkZr ^^,slk fLFkj cqf) okyk O;fDr ¼eqfu½ dj j[kk gS fd eSa xq#] firk] ekrk fdlh dks
ftldk eu nq%[kksa ls mf}Xu u gks] lq[kksa esa Hkh ugha tkurk ^^xq# firq ekrq u tkum¡ dkgw]
fu%Li`g cuk jgs ,oa lkalkfjd jkx ¼}S"k] bZ";kZ] dgm¡ lqHkkm ukFk ifr vkgw**A 2@71@4 esjs
en] eksg½] Hk; vkSj Øks/k ls jfgr ohrjkx rks b"V vkSj losZ'oj ,d ek= vki gh gSa ^êksjs
gks**A rkRi;Z gS fd tks leUo; vkt gS] vkSj lcb ,d rqEg Lokeh] nhuca/kq mj varjtkeh**A
mls vkxs Hkh cuk;s j[ksa] ifjfLFkfr ls ykHkkfUor
blhfy;s izHkq us 'kadj&lqou dks ^rSa ee fiz; iqu% ek¡ fxfjtkth dh vjk/kuk djus xbZa vkSj
yfNeu rs nwuk* dgk Fkk tks fd loZFkk mfpr ekrk ikoZrhth ls vuqdy w vk'khokZn ikdj ^êuq
gSA tkfg jkpsm fefyfg lks c# lgl lqUnj
nsf[k ioulqr ifr vuqdwyk A ân;¡ gj"k lk¡ojksa** ikdj g”kZ ls tks muds ân; dh n'kk
chrh lc lwyk AA gqbZ gS ml o.kZu dks ge izk;% fuR; izfr gh
pjkpj ds ifr dks vius vuqdy w ns[k dj nksgjkrs gSa& ^^tkfu xkSfj vquqdwy fl; ^fg;
Jhiouiq= dk ân; g"kZ ls Hkj mBk] ân; esa gj"kq* u tkb dfg]
tks dfYir O;Fkk :ih 'kwy mBs gq;s Fks os lc eatqy eaxy ewy cke vax Qjdu
u"V gks x;sA yxs**A1@236
^nsf[k ioulqr ifr vuqdy w k& Jhguqekuth us ^chrh lc lwyk*& ;g Hkh fu;e gS fd tc
eu] opu vkSj deZ ls izHkq dh 'kj.kkxfr xzg.k Hkxor dìk gksxh rc ifjfLFkfr;ka Hkh Loeso
dh gSA rks izHkq us Hkh vius O;ogkj ls trk vuqdy w gks tk;sxh vkSj rhuksa vo'kwyksa ¼nSfgd]
fn;k fd eSus Hkh rqEgsa rhuksa gh izdkj ls] dkf;d nSfod] HkkSfrd rkik½ dh izrhfr Hkh ugha gksxhA
^ro j?kqifr mBkb mj ykok*] ekufld ls ^fut Hkäjkt Jhguqekuth us ftUgsa HkfäekxZ fn[kk;k
ykspu ty lhafp tqM+kok* vkSj okfpd ls ^rS mu fofHk”k.kth dk gh ekuuk gS& ^^rqEg dìky
ee fiz; yfNeu rs nwuk* dg dj viuk;k gSA tk ij vuqdwyk] rkfg u O;ki f=fc/k Hko
blhfy;s ^nsf[k vuqdy w k* dgk x;kA îoulqr* lwyk**5@46@6A rc guqekuth ds ‘kwy lekIr
in nsus dk Hkko gS ;s iou ds leku loZ= gksus esa D;k vk’;pZ\
xfr'khy gsaS vkSj ikou djus okys Hkh 'kdqu fopkj esa dgk x;k gS fd tc Hkh
¼îou%iorkefLe*] eSa ifo= djus okyksa esa ok;q gf"kZr eu ls dk;kZjEHk fd;k tk;sxk rks ifj.kke
gw¡ Jhxhrkth10@31½ vkxs vHkh lqxhz oth dks Hkh esa lQyrk fu'p; gh feysxhA ^Kkfuukexzx.;e~*
ikou djuk gSa blfy;s îoulqr* dgkA lnSo Jhguqearyky tc vifjfpr txg yadkiqjh tkus
/;ku jgs fd ekul esa lHkh ds fy;s rRij gq;s rc mUgksaus lqfuf'pr 'kCnksa esa
lEcks/ku izlax vkSj Hkkoksa ds vuqdy w gh iz;qDr dgk gS fd vki yksx ;gha esjh izrh{kk djuk]
gq;s gSaA lqxhz oth us budh tk¡p djus ds fy;s D;ksafd eq>s tks fo'ks"k g"kZ gks jgk gS] ;g lwfpr
gh ^/kfj cVq :i ns[kq rSa tkbZ* Hkstk Fkk] dj jgk gS fd dk;Z vo'; lqlEiUu gksxk
guqekuth us ns[k ij[k fy;k] fd ;s ^vuqdy w * ^gksbfg dktq eksfg ^gj"k fcls"kh*A 5@0@3
fopkjksa ds gSaA Jhioudqekjth us blh fu;e ls] ;gk¡ Hkh bl
^ân; gj"k chrh lc lwyk& Jhguqekuth us g"kZ Hkjs okrkoj.k dk ykHk mBkrs gq;s izHkq ls
^lsodlqr*] ^jgb vlksp*] îfr ekrq Hkjksls* lqxhz oth ds lax eS=h djus dk vuqjks/k dj
dgk FkkA ;gk¡ mUgsa lsod lsO; Hkko ls ifr fn;k&
¼Lokeh½ ^vuqdy w k* yxs] ^ân; gj"k* in mlh ukFk lSy ij dfiifr jgbZ A lks lqxzho
dk lapkjh Hkko gSA fu;e gS fd eu dks tgk¡ nkl ro vgbZ AA
Hkh vuqdy w rk dh izrhfr gksxh ogha ân; esa g"kZ gs nhukukFk ! bl ioZr ij dfiifr lqxhz oth
dk lapkj gksuk vkSj ru esa jksekap gks vkuk jgrs gSaA os lqxzhoth vkids nkl gSaA
,d LoHkkfod izfØ;k gSA ekul dk iq"iokfVdk nkl¾xqyke] ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls Hkh fujhgA
izalx bldk ljl mnkgj.k gSA izkjEHk esa rks ûkFk lSy ij dfiifr jgbZ& ek= bl ,d
lhrkth us xkSjh eS;k ls ^^fut vuq:i ¼;kus pkSikbZ esa gh Jhguqekuth us lqxhz oth dh lkjh
xkSj o.kZ½ lqHkx c# ekxk** ijUrq jketh dks O;Fkk&dFkk lquk nhA izHkq us guqekuth dks ^dfi*
ns[kk rks eu lk¡ojs jax esa jp x;kA rc dg dj lkaRouk nh Hkh ^lquq dfi ft;¡ ekufl
Jhjketh dks oj :i esa izkIr djus gsrq lhrkth tfu Åuk*A mlh ^dfi* lUnHkZ dk ykHk mBkrs
gq;s Jhguqekuth us trk;k fd dfi;ksa ds Lokeh fd;k Fkk ^^frUg ds x`g vorfjgm¡ tkbZ] j?kqdqy
^dfiifr* rks 'kSy ij jgrs gS vFkkZr vlgt fryd ^lks* pkfjm HkkbZ**A ;gk¡ ^lks* in gS]
fLFkfr esa] iqj ds LFkku ij mUgsa ioZr ij jguk blh dks izHkq us Hkh ^lks* vuU; tkds vfl* esa
iM+ jgk gSA ^dfiifr* ds }kjk ;g Hkh trk iz;qDr fd;k gS] blh ^lks lqxhz o* ds }kjk
fn;k fd dHkh lqxhz oth jktk Fks] fdUrq vHkh gSa Jhguqekuth Hkh lwfpr dj jgs gSa fd ge
ughaa] blfy;s ^dfiifr vgb* u dg dj czãkth ds vkns'kkuqlkj lqxhz oth ds usr`Ro esa]
^dfiifr jgbZ* dgkA ûkFk* in nsdj fourh vkidh izrh{kk djus okys vki gh ds nkl gSa&
djh fd vki nhukukFk gSaA vkSj vxyh iafDr esa ^^fut yksdfg fcjafp xs nsoUg bgb
lqxhz oth ds fy;s ^nhu tkfu rsfg* dgk Hkh x;k flj"kkbA
gSA lkFk gh lwfpr fd;k gS fd vkids nkl gSa ckuj ruq /kfj /kfj efg gfj in lsogq
vFkkZr ifjfLFkfr ls Hkh fujhg gSaA vr% mUgsa tkb**AA 1@187
vHk;nku nsaA ¼2½ nsoksa ds va'k ls mRiUu Jhlqxhz oth lw;Z ds
iz'u mBrk gS fd lqxhz oth vHkh iq= gSa vkSj Jhjketh lw;Z ds Hkh Lokeh gSa ^jke
dfiifr ugha gSa rc Hkh mUgsa dfiifr D;ksa dgk lfPpnkuUn fnuslk*A bUgsa ije izdk'kd ;kusfd
x;k \ D;ksa D;k tokc gS fd fdf"dU/kkjkT; ds lw;Z dks Hkh izdkf'kr djus okys dgk gS ^^lc
loZJs"B lfpo uy] uhy] tkeoarth vkSj Lo;a dj ije izdkld tksbZ] jke vukfn vo/kifr
guqekuth Hkh muds lax gSaA lcdks n`<+ fo'okl lksbZ**A 1A116@6 ,rkork ^lqxzho nkl ro
gS fd lqxhz oth dks ,d u ,d fnu lRrk vgbZ* dguk loZFkk mfpr gSA
vo'; feysxh] blhfy;s dfiifr dgkA ijEijk ¼3½ izHkq us ^lenjlh ^êksfg** dg lc dksm* ds
;g Hkh gS fd jktk ls jktk gh fey ldrk gS }kjk u dsoy vius ,s'o;Z dk cks/k djk;k Fkk
^îzhfr fcjks/k leku lu dfjv uhfr vfl vfirq ogkWa ^lsod fiz;* in ds }kjk vorkj
vkfg** 6@23A jko.k ls feyus ds fy;s Hkh ysus dk dkj.k crk;k FkkA Jhguqekuth dk
;qojkt vaxnth gh Hksts x;s ^nwr iBkbv ckfy dguk gS fd ;s lqxzhoth rks lsod ls Hkh fujhg
dqekjk*6@16@4A og Hkh jhNifr tkeoUrth gSa] nkl gSaA vkSj izHkq us Lo;a dgk gS fd lsod
dh ea=.kk iwN] yadk ds lekpkj Hkh uk;d rks lHkh dks fiz; gS fdUrq tks nkl ¼fujhg½ gS
vaxnth ls u dgyok dj jhNifr ls gh og eq>s lokZf/kd fiz; gS ^^lc ds fiz; ^lsod*
dgyk;s ^tkeoar dg lquq j?kqjk;k*]5@29@1 ;g uhrh] eksjs vf/kd ^nkl* ij izhrhA 7@16A
tVk;wth ls HksaV djkuh Fkh rks muds ifjp; esa blfy;s iouiq= us lqxhz oth dk ifjp; ^nkl*
Hkh ^xh/kjkt lSa HksaV Hkb cgq fcf/k izhfr dg dj fn;kA
c<+kb*3@13A ;gk¡ Hkh lqxhz oth esa txrifr ls ¼4½ jktuhfr dh n`f"V ls ;fn fopkj fd;k tk;s
feyus ;ksX; ik=rk n'kkZus ds fy;s gh mUgsa rks lq;ksX; lfpo Jhguqekuth us] lqxhz oth dks
dfiifr dgk x;kA iqu% lÙkk fnykus ds fy;s v;ks/;k ds ^j?kqojkSa*
^lks lqxzho nkl ro vgbZ*& ;g Hkh iz'u mBrk ds le{k laf/k izLrko j[kk gSA Hkko gS fd
gS fd lqxhz oth ls vuqefr fy;s fcuk gh lqxhz oth dfi;ksa ds dfiifr Hkys gh gksa fdUrq
guqekuth us mUgsa izHkq dk nkl dSls ?kksf"kr dj vkids os 'kk'or nkl gSa ¼vgbZ½] vkSj vkxs Hkh
fn;kA izR;qÙkj esa fuosnu gsS fd ¼1½ v/;kfRed jgsxaAs vxyh iafDr esa ;gh ckr mUgksaus Li"V
n`f"V ls rks] HkDrkpk;Z guqekuth us lqxhz o :ih 'kCnksa esa dgh gS&
tho ij Hkh dìk djus dk vuqjks/k fd;k gS rsfg lu ukFk e;=h dhts A nhu tkfu rsfg
vkSj ^nkl* dg dj Jhlqxhz oth dk Jhjketh ls vHk; djhts AA
fuR; lEcU/k LFkkfir fd;k gSA mUgksaus ^lks* ¼lks
lqxhz o½ in ds }kjk Hkh iqjkus lEcU/kksa dks
mtkxj fd;k gSA izHkq us czãok.kh esa lwfpr
gs nhukukFk! vki mu lqxhz oth ds lax eS=h vigj.k dj fy;k gS** 4@4@27ok0jk0A
dhft;s] mUgsa nhu tkudj Lo;a fe=rk dfj;s leku Ô;lus"kq l[;e* dh uhfr lw;Ziq=
,oa nhu nq%[kh tkudj vHk; ¼Hk;eqDr½ dfj;sA lqxhz oth lhrkth dk irk yxkus esa lgk;rk
^rssfg lu ukFk e;=h dhts & bl pkSikbZ ds djsaxs ^dfj”;fr l lkgk¸;a ;qo;ksj
vaR;k{kj ^dhts* vkSj ^djhts* Lo ek=kvksa esa HkkLdjkRet%*4@4@27 vr% izHkq dks lqxhz oth
gSaA xksLokehth dh 'kSyh ds vuqlkj ;s xw< Hkko ls fe=rk djus dk vuqjks/k fd;kA
ds |ksrd gSA pw¡fd guqekuth egkjkt lsod ds ^nhu tkfu rsfg vHk; djhts & fiNyh v)kZyh
ckus esa gSa Lokeh dks vkKk ugha ns ldrs vr% esa ^nkl ro* dgdj vkSj ;gk¡ ^nhu tkfu* inksa
âLo esa vuqjks/k fd;k gS] ;ksa ^dhts* o ^djhts* ds }kjk thokpk;Z Jhguqekuth us nhun;ky dks
dk vFkZ gS fd izHkq dks fe=rk Hkh Lo;a viuh mudk fcjn Lej.k djk;k gS ^tsfg ^nhu* fivkjs
vksj ls djuh gS vkSj dìk Hkh Lo;a gh djuh csn iqdkjs nzom lks Jh Hkxokuk*A lkFk gh
gSA ^lqxzho* ¼lq$xzho½ dk ,d rkRi;Z Å¡ph vorkj dk gsrq lHk; dks ^vHk;* ;kus Hk;eqDr
xjnu okyk Hkh gksrk gSA okYehfd jkek;.k esa
djus ds fy;s gh gqvk gS] bldk Hkh Lej.k
rks y{e.kth us lqLi"V 'kCnksa esa izHkq dks gh
djk;k gS&
lqxhz oth dk 'kj.kkxr dgk gS og Hkh vusdksa
^^tkfu lHk; lqjHwfe lqfu cpu lesr
ckj dgk gS&
lusgA
^^loZyksdL; /kekZRek 'kj.;% 'kj.ka iqjkA
xq#esZ jk?ko% lks·;a lqxhz o 'kj.ka xxufxjk xaHkhj Hkb gjfu lksd
xr%**AAok-jk- 4@4@20 lansg**AA1@186
vFkkZr~&tks lEiw.kZ txr ds /kekZRek] lcdks 'kj.k Jhguqekuth dk vfHkizk; gS fd tSls jko.k ls
nsus okys 'kj.kkxr oRly jgs gSaA os gh esjs cM+s =Lr gksdj nsokfnx.k fxfj danjkvksa esa Nqidj
HkkbZ Jhj?kqukFkth bl le; lqxhz oth dh 'kj.k viuh izk.kj{kk dj jgsa gSa oSls gh ckyh ls =Lr
esa vk;s gSaA lqxhz oth Hkh bl 'kSy ij Nqis gq;s gSa] mUgsa Hkh
JhxksLokehth us ^dhts*] ^djhts* ds }kjk vHk; dfj;sA
blh rF; dks Jhguqqekuth ls] ¼xq.koku lfpo lks lhrk dj [kkst djkbfg A tg¡ rg¡
ds ukrs ;k thoksa ds thokpk;Z ds ukrs ls½ ejdV dksfV iBkbfg AA
dgyok dj ckr laokjh gSA ;ksa Hkh czã vkSj og ¼lks lqxhz o½ Jhlhrkth dh [kkst djok;saxs
tho esa lgt& l[; ekuk x;k gS ^czã tho vkSj bl gsrq ls ;gk¡ ogk¡ lHkh txgksa esa djksM+ksa
le lgt laa?kkrh*A1@19@4 ‘kkL=ksa dk rks edZVksa ¼ekjus] dkV&[kkus esa dq'ky okujksa½ dks
dguk gS fd czã Byqvk ¼fuf”dz;½ cSBk Fkk] HkstsxsaA
vius dkSrqd ds fy;s l`f”V jpuk dh gS ^lks lhrk dj [kkst djkbfg& ;gk¡ Hkh ^lks* in
^ûkU;fRdapu fe”kr~A l bZ{kr yksdkUuq l`tk gS ftldh xw<+rk dk ladr s ^lks lqxzho nkl ro*
bfr**AA1AA,srjs;0 lw=/kkj dks gh mUgsa esa fd;k Fkk] ,oa bl pkSikbZ ds vaR;k{kjksa
lEHkkyuk gksxkA vr% ;gkWa Hkh czã dks gh tho ^djkbfg* o îBkbfg* dk âLo esa gksuk Hkh fl)
ls eS=h djus ds fy;s izsfjr fd;k gSA djrk gS fd ;gk¡ xw<+ jgL; gSA vHkh izHkq us
ê;=h dhts*& uhfr dgrh gS fd eS=h leku Jhlhrkth ds fy;s ôSnsgh* 'kCn iz;qDr fd;k Fkk
fLFkfr vkSj fopkj /kkjk okyksa ls gh djuh ^bgk¡ gjh fuflpj ^cSnsgh* vkSj ;gk¡
pkfg, ^îzhfr fojks/k leku lu dfjv uhfr Jhguqekuth us oSnsghth dk izpfyr uke ^lhrk*
vfl vkfg**A 6@23 blh n`f”V ls Jhguqekuth iz;qDr fd;k gSA ;g oSls gh gS tSls fd izHkq us
us okYehfd jkek;.k esa dgk fd ^îfjfLFkfr o'k vHkh guqekuth ds fcuk crk;s gh mudk uke
lqxhz oth Hkh jkT; ls Hkz"V gSa] ckyh ls mudh ^êfr u VjbZ ^guqear** dgk FkkA loZK f’ko Hkh
'k=qrk gS vkSj ckyh us mudh L=h dk Hkh fcuk crk;s lc tkurs gSa ^flo lcZX; tku lc
dksbZ*1@50@3 rc muds va’kkorkj de D;ksa\ pkfg;s Fkk D;ksafd mudk rks gj.k gks pqdk gSA
rkRi;Z gS fd Jhguqekuth Hkh loZK gSaA tSlk fd fdUrq lhrkth dks os ogk¡ vius lEiw.kZ lkSan;Z ds
dgk Fkk ;g ^lks* in Hkh xw<+kFkZ j[krk gsSsA ;g lkFk mifLFkr fn[kh ^^fQfj fprok ikNs izHkq
^lks* Jhlhrk&gj.k dFkk ds izkjEHk esa gh tc ns[kk] lfgr cU/kq ^fl; lqanj os"kk**A 1@53@5
lhrkth us vius LFkku ij ek;k lhrk dks j[kk] rkRi;Z gS fd guqekuth izHkq yhyk ls fHkK gSaA
rc vk;k gSS ^^bgk¡ jke tfl tqxqfr cukbZ] ^tg¡ rg¡ ejdV dksfV iBkbfga& êjdV* dk
lqugq mek ^lks* dFkk lqgkbZ**3@22@8A bl vFkZ gS eudh lh rhoZxfr ls fdoka ok;q osxor
dFkk ds lax ;g ^lks* ladr s d ds :i esa vkxs xeu djus okykA ijUrq iz[;kr jkek;.kh
Hkh feyrk jgsxkA #nzkorkj us ;gk¡ bl ^lks Jhdìk'kadjth egkjkt ¼ifjgkl esa½ bldk vFkZ
lhrk* in ds }kjk jketh dks trk fn;k fd djrs gSa fd tks ekjs Hkh vkSj dkVs Hkh ;k tks
Jhlhrkth ds Lo:i esa oLrqr% ek;k dk gh ejus&ekjus] dVus&dkVus ds fy;s rRij jgs os
gj.k gqvk gS] og Hkh yhyk esa] vkSj mUgsa êjdV* gSaA yadkdk.M ds ;q) izlax esa mudk
[kkstuk Hkh yhyk gsrq gh gSA o.kZu blh vFkZ esa gqvk Hkh gS&^êdZV fcdV
bls ;ksa le>sa fd Jhguqekuth dks HkV tqVr dVr u yVr ru ttZj Hk,**6@49
ijkRijczã dk igys ls Kku gSA bldk ladr s NanA
mUgksaus ^rqEg iwNgq dl uj dh ukbZa* esa fd;k ejdV dksfV iBkbfga& blls lqxhz oth dh
Hkh gSA vkSj izHkq us Hkh bls ^lenjlh eksfg dg yksdfiz;rk fofnr gksrh gSA lÙkkP;qr gksus ds
lc dksÅ* ds }kjk Lohdkj fd;k gSA rc ckn Hkh muds lax lq;ksX; lfpo gSa vkSj djksM+ksa
HkDrkpk;Z ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd Jhlhrkjketh edZV budh vkKk esa cus gq;s gSaA vkSj blds
,d nwts ls oSls gh vfHkUu gSa tSls fd ok.kh igys Hkh mUgsa viuh yksdfiz;rk ds dkj.k gh
vkSj mldk vFkZ ¼Hkko½ ;k fQj ty vkSj mlls cykr~ lÙkk#<+ Hkh fd;k x;k Fkk ^nhUgsm eksfg
cuus okyh ygj nks ugha gksrs& jkt cfjvkbZ*A
^^fxjk vjFk ty chfp le dfg;r fHkUu ,fg fcf/k ldy dFkk leq>kbZ A fy, nqvkS
u fHkUuA tu ihfB p<+kbZ AA
canm¡ lhrk jke in ftUgfg ije fiz; Jhguqekuth us lqân; lqxhz oth dh orZeku dh
f[kUu**AA1@18 nhu&n'kk o okujksa esa mudh yksdfiz;rk dh
lqea=th ds le{k Lo;a Jhlhrkth us Hkh bl lkjh dFkk izHkq dks le>k dj dghA fQj mu
rF; dks mn~?kkfVr djrs gq;s dgk gS fd ^dgha nksuksa] Jhjkey{e.kth dks viuh ihB ij
lw;Z ls mldh jks'kuh vkSj pk¡n ls mldh p<+kdj p<+kbZ p<+us yxsA
pk¡nuh vyx dh tk ldrh gS* \ ^,fg fcf/k ldy dFkk leq>kbZ & okYehfd
^îzHkk tkb dg¡ Hkkuq fcgkbZ] dg¡ pfUnzdk pUnq jkek;.k ds o.kZukuqlkj Jhguqekuth us lqxhz oth
rft tkbZ**A 2@96A6 ds lEcU/k esa lkjh ckrsa la{ksi esa dgh gSaA mu
Bhd ;gh ckr okYehfd jkek;.k esa Hkh ckrksa dk mYys[k ê;=h dhts* izlax esa fd;k tk
Jhlhrkth us jko.k dks QVdkjrs gq;s dgh gS& pqdk gSA blds vykok ogk¡ guqekuth us ;g Hkh
^^vuU;k jk?kos.kkga HkkLdjs.k izHkk ;Fkk**A lwfpr fd;k gS fd okujjkt lqxzhoth dks Hkh
5@21@15 vki tSls cqf)eku] Øks/k fot;h vkSj ftrsfUnz;
oLrqr% Jhlhrkjketh esa yhyk&Hkko ls gh iq#"kksa ls feyus dh vko';drk FkhA ,oa
fHkUurk gS vU;Fkk gSa ,d flDds ds nks igywA lqxhz oth lw;ZuUnu gSa] lhrkth dk irk yxkus esa
Lo;a ns[k ysa] lhrk&gj.k gks tkus ds ckn tc os gekjs lkFk Lo;a jg dj iw.kZ lgk;rk djsxaAs
izHkq us lrhth dks vius ,s'o;Z Lo:i ds n'kZu ns[ksa ok-jk- 4@4@26 ,oa 28] bu lc Hkkoksa
djok;s rc muds lax Jhlhrkth dks ugha gksuk
dks xksLokehth us ^ldy dFkk leq>kbZ* ds }kjk lq;ksX; lsod ds ukrs Jhguqekuth us Hkh
O;Dr fd;k gSA le;kuqlkj lokjh ds :i esa Lo;a dks gh izLrqr
^fy, nqvkS tu ihfB p<+kbZ & vk/kqfud fp=ksa djds izHkq dks viwoZ lEeku Hkh iznku djok
;k efUnjksa dh ewfrZ;ksa esa Jhjkey{e.kth fn;kA vr% ^fy, nqvkStu ihfB p<+kbZ*A dgkA
guqekuth ds da/ks ij gh p<+s gq;s fn[kykbZ iM+rs Jhlqxhz oth ;qxy iq#”k fe= gaS ;k 'k=q
gSaA bldk irk djds ogha ls ladr s djus dks dgk
v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Hkh Jhjkey{e.kth muds Fkk ^dgslq tkfu ft;¡ l;u cq>kbZ*A nksuksa
da/ks ij p<+dj x;s gSa ^^rFksfr rL;k#jksg LdU/ka ljdkjksa dks ;ksa ihB ij p<+k ysus ls] ,d rks os
jkeks·Fk y{e.k%4@1@28A fdUrq yxrk gS fd mUgsa nwj ls gh fn[kkbZ iM+ tk;saxa]s nwts ladr
s Hkh
dfo dqy pwM+kef.k JhxksLokehth dks ;g da/ks fey tk;sxk fd ihB ij p<+ dj vkus okys
ij cSBus okyk Hkko dnkfi Hkk;k ughaA laHkor% dksbZ ^vfr fof'k"V ;k iwtuh;* O;fDr gh gks
blfy;s Hkh fd da/kksa ij ckydksa dks ;k vleFkZ ldrs gSa vr% ^fy, nqvkS tu ihfB p<+kbZ* dgk
yksxksa dks gh <ks;k tkrk gS] vkSj feV~Vh ;k 'ko gSA
dks Hkh da/kk gh fn;k tkrk gSA vr% izHkq dks tc lqxzho¡ jke dgq¡ ns[kk A vfrl;
da/ks ij cSBkuk mUgsa tpk ughaA pw¡fd ÅWaV] cSy] tUe /kU; dfj ys[kkAA
?kksM+s] gkFkh vkfn dh ihB gh lEekuuh;
tc lqxhz oth us ¼nwj ls gh] vkxs cSBs gq;s½
lokfj;ksa esa gSa] vr% mUgksaus îhfB p<+kbZ* dgkA u;ukfHkjke Jhjketh dks ns[kk rc tUetUekrjksa
JhokYehfd jkek;.k esa Hkh ihB ij ds ckn izHkq n'kZuksa dk ;ksx bl tUe esa fy[kk
p<+kus dk gh o.kZu gSaA ogk¡ bUgsa ^rkS chjkS* ds gqvk gS tku dj] vius tUe dks vR;Ur /kU;
fy;s mi;qDr lokjh gsrq Jhguqekuth dks dfi ekukA
dqatj ¼gkFkh½ dgk x;k gS î`"BekjksI; rkS ohjkS ^tc lqxzho¡ jke dgq¡ ns[kk& ekul esa ^jke*
txke dfi dqatj%*4@4@34A oLrqr% izHkq ds n'kZuksa dk mYys[k tgk¡ dgha Hkh gqvk gS] ogk¡
Jhpj.k vR;Ur e`nqy gSaA brus e`nqy fd blds ns[kus okys vfHkHkwr ;k ea=eqX/k vo'; gq;s gSa&
iwoZ JhHkjrth dks Hkh bu pj.kksa dh fpUrk ^jke nsf[k eqfu nsg fclkjh* ¼fo'okfe= th½
lrk;h Fkh ê`nq in dey dfBu exq tkuh*] ^jkefg fprb jgs Fkfd ykspu* ¼ij'kqjketh½A
;gk¡ Jhguqekuth dks gks jgh gS blhfy;s ^dfBu _f"k eqfu gh ugha fu'kkpjksa dh n'kk Hkh ,slh gh
Hkwfe dksey in xkeh* dh ppkZ dhA ogk¡ gqbZ gS ^îzHkq fcyksfd lj ldfga u Mkjh] ^Fkfdr
fp=dwV esa rks izHkq us fpUe; [kM+kÅ¡ izdV HkbZ* jtuhpj /kkjh**3@18@1 oLrqr% Jhjketh
djds] Hkjrth dks iznku dha ,oa mUgsa fpUrk dh nsgdkafr gh bruh vHkwriwoZ] rstkse; gS fd
eqDr djds v;ks/;k Hkst fn;kA fdUrq ;gk¡ bl vius ukd dku dVok dj Hkh lwiZ.k[kk us mUgsa
dBksj Hkwfe ij izHkq dk ,d ix Hkh vkxs /kjuk ^'kksHkk
Jhguqekuth egkjkt dks v[kj jgk gS vr% izHkq /kke* gh dgk ^^lksHkk /kke* jke vl ukek**A
dh vfuPNk ds mijkar Hkh mUgsa cjcl mBk ;gk¡ Hkh izHkq esa vkSj lqxzhoth esa vHkh dkQh
fy;k vr% ^^fy,* nqvkS tu ihfB p<+kbZ** dgk nwjh gS pw¡fd Jhjketh guqekuth dh Å¡ph ihB
x;kA ij vkxs cSBs gq;s gSa] blfy;s T;ksagh ¼tc½ os
vf[ky Hkqouifr Jhjketh laHkkfor lqxhz oth dh n`f"V iFk esa vk;s] vkSj izHkq ds
dfiifr lqxhz oth ls lk{kkRdkj djus tk jgs gSaA Jhfoxzg dh lkS"Bork% us=ksa ds igpkuus ;ksX;
xksLokehth us le;ksfpr lEeku gsrq izHkq ds gqbZ R;ksagh muds eu us viuk tUe ysuk lkFkZd
eqdVq ef.k vkSj N= rks igys gh yxk fn;s Fks] eku fy;k&
ns[kas Vhdk ^vkxsa pysa cgqfj j?kqjk;k*A vc
^vfrl; tUe /kU; dfj ys[kk& ^^lknj feysm ukb in ekFkk**& ;gk¡ ^lknj
^vfrl;*¾pjefLFkfr] vfrl; feysm* igys dgk x;k gS vkSj ûkb in ekFkk*
tUe¾tUetUekarj ds i'pkrA tUe vfr'k; ckn esa gSA gksuk blls foijhr pkfg;s Fkk] igys
/kU; gqvk ,slk opu ;k mnkgj.k ekul esa iz.kke djrs rc feyrsA ;ksa] pj.kksa esa eLrd
nwljk dksbZ ugha gSA ^ge rkS vktq tue Qyq uokuk Hkh lEeku iznku djuk gh gqvk] vr%
ikok*] ;k ^gksfga lukFk tue Qyq ikbZ* tSls r; gS fd xksLokehth O;FkZ esa ,d ckr dks nks
vusdksa mnkgj.k fey tk;saxs vkSj rks vkSj ckyh ckj ugha fy[ksxaAs okYehfd jkek;.k esa
ds fy;s Hkh ^lqQy tUe ekuk izHkq phUgk* gh Jhguqekuth dks ;gk¡ ^dfi dqatj* ¼gkFkh½ dgk
dgk x;k gSA Jhlqxhz oth lw;Z iq= gSa x;k gS ¼ns[ksa 4@4@34½ fu%lansg mUkdk 'kjhj
¼HkkLdjkRet% lqxzho%] ok-jk- 4@4@28½ vkSj fo'kky gS rHkh nks tuksa dks ,d&lkFk ihB ij
Hkxoku lw;Z Kku ds v{k; Hk.Mkj gSaA Jhxhrkth p<+k;k gS vr% ;gh ekuuk gksxk fd lqxhz oth
esa Hkxoku Jhd`".k us dgk gS fd eSus Lo;a lw;Z us gh] Jhjke&y{e.kth dks mudh ihB ls lknj
dks Kku iznku fd;k gS ^^bea fooLors ;ksxa mrkjk gSA ftls ^lknj feysm* dgk x;k gSA izHkq
izksäokugeO;;e**A4@1 ogk¡ Hkh ^tUe* 'kCn ds n'kZuksa ls lHkh vfHkHkwr gks tkrs gSa] rks dksbZ
vk;k gSA JhvtqZu us vk'p;Z ls iwNk fd vk'p;Z ugha gS fd dqN {k.kksa ds fy;s mudh Hkh
vkidk tUe rks vokZphu ¼uwru½ gS vkSj lw;Z ,slh n’kk gqbZ gks] os Hkh iz.kke djuk Hkwy x;s
dk tUe dYi ds vkfn esa gqvk gS rc eSa bl gksa\ ;kn vkus ij tc izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa esa
ckr dks dSls le>w¡A rc Hkxoku us dgk fd eLrd j[kus x;s] rc rd izHkq us gh]
esjs vkSj rsjs vusd tUe gks pqds gSa] rw mu Jhguqekuth ds dgs vuqlkj ^rsfg lu ukFk
lcdks ugha tkurk] eSa tkurk gw¡& ^^cgwfu esa e;=h dhtS*] mudks fe= Hkko ls xys yxk
O;rhrkfu ^tUekfu* ro pktqZu%A fy;kA
rkU;ga osn lokZf.k u Roa osRFk ûkb in ekFkk*& ;gk¡ tks /ofur gks jgk gS
ijUri**AA4@5 mlls ;gh ekuk tkrk gS fd lqxhz oth us izHkq dks
fdUrq Kkuoku lqxhz oth dks vk'p;Z ugha gqvk] dsoy eLrd uokdj gh lEeku iznku fd;k gSA
mUgsa nwj ls gh izrhfr gks xbZ fd ;s lk{kkr~ gh fdUrq dsoy eLrd >qdkuk gh xksLokehth dks
JheUukjk;.k gh gSa ftuds ûke* Lej.k ls vfHkizsr gksrk rks fopkj djsa fd lkFk esa în*
iqujkxeu ugha gksrk] ftuds fy;s _f"keqfu tUe ¼pj.k½ 'kCn j[kus dh D;k vko';drk Fkh \
tUekarj ls iz;Ru'khy jgrs gSa ^tUe tUe eqfu vusdkusd mnkgj.k gSa ftuesa ¼ekFk uokus esa½
truq djkgha] var jke dfg vkor in 'kCn ugha feysxk vHkh guqekuth dk
ukgha*A4@9@3 mUgha ds n’kZuksa dk ,slk Js"B mnkgj.k gh ns[ksa ^^fciz :i /kfj dfi rg¡
lq;ksx iznku djkus dss fy;s fo/kkrk ¼ys[kk½ dks x;Å] ekFk ukb iwNr vl Hk;Å**A vkSj Hkh
/kU;okn fn;k gS ^vfrl; tUe /kU; dfj ns[ksa ^;g dfg ukb lcfUg dgq¡ ekFkk*A5@0@4]
^ys[kk*A ûkb lhl dfj fcu; cgwrk*A5@23@7 îqfu
lknj feysm ukb in ekFkk A HksaVsm vuqt fl# ukb cSB fut vklu*A 5@37@3] ^jke
lfgr j?kqukFkk A izrki lqfefj eu cSB lHkk¡ flj ukb*A6@19
Jhlqxhz oth vknj iwoZd nksuksa Hkzkrkvksa ds vr% ekuuk gksxk fd lqxhz oth us n.Mor djus
Jhpj.kksa esa eLrd uokdjds ¼>qdk djds½ muls dk iz;kl fd;k gSA vkSj mlh izdkj ls fd;k gS
feysA Jhj?kqukFkth ¼pjkpj ds ukFk½ vius NksVs tSlk fd Jhjketh of'k"Bth ds fy;s fd;k djrs
HkkbZ y{e.kth lfgr muls xys yxdj feys gSa ^^,fg fcf/k jke lcfg leq>kok] xqj in
vFkkZr mUgsa vf/kd lEeku iznku fd;k A inqe gjf"k ^fl# ukok**A2@80@1 fdUrq ^lcds
mj iqj clgq tkugq Hkkm dqHkkm* dh fo'ks"krk
okys jketh us bls fØ;kfUor gksus ds iwoZ gh ^dfjgfga fcf/k eks lu , izhrh & nsgyh ij /kjk
l[kk lqxhz o dks xys yxk fy;k& ^,fg jhrh* 'ys"k gS] eu fopkj ds fy;s ^,fg
^HksaVsm vuqt lfgr j?kqukFkk & lqxhz oth us rks jhfr* gS] vkSj vkxs Hkh os blh jhfr ls esjs lax
guqekuth ds dgs vuqlkj gh ¼lks lqxhz o nkl izhfr djsaxs bl Hkko ds fy;s Hkh ^,fg jhrh* gSA
ro vgbZ½ nkL; Hkko ls pj.kksa esa eLrd uok;k ^dfjgfga fcf/k*& ;g lafnX/kkFkZd opu gSA
gSA tcfd jketh us nksuksa dh gh #fp j[kh Jhguqekuth ls izHkq ds xq.kksa dks lqudj
nkL; Hkko ls ûkb in ekFkk* dk volj fn;k ¼vk[;krk ok;qiq=s.k rÙorks es Hkon~ xq.kk%½
vkSj fe= Hkko ls ^lknj feysm* ;kus dfiifr lqxhz oth vius vki dks gh izHkq dh fe=rk ds
ls j?kqifr ¼j?kqukFkk½ feys gSaA ^vuqt lfgr ;ksX; ugha eku jgs gaSA okYehfd jkek;.k esa Hkh
j?kqukFkk* dk Hkko gS fd tSls os HkkbZ Hkjrth ls lqxhz oth us Lo;a lUnsg Hkjs Lojksa esa izHkq ls dgk
feyrs gSa ^^HksafV Hkjrq j?kqcj leq>k,] iqfu gS ^^Hkxou! eSa okuj gw¡ vkSj vki ujA esjs
fjiqnouq gjf"k fg;¡ yk,**A2@317@4 blh Hkko lkFk tks vki eS=h djuk pkgrs gSa ¼!!!½ ;fn
esjh eS=h vkidks ilan gks rks esjk ;g gkFk
ls gh vkxs izHkq us bUgsa ^rqEg fiz; eksfg Hkjr
QSyk gqvk gS vki bls vius gkFk esa ys ysa** &
ftfe HkkbZ* dgk Hkh gSA
^^;ÙofePNfl lkSgknZa okujs.k e;k lgA
izHkq ds bl Lusg vkSj vkSnk;Z Hkjs O;ogkj dks
jksprs ;fn es l[;a ckgqjs"k izlkfjr%**AA
ns[k dj] yxrk gS fd lqxhz oth dks Lo;a esa gh
ok-jk-4@5@10&11A
vik=rk dh izrhfr gks jgh gS D;ksafd vxyh
blh Hkko ls ;gk¡ lqxhz oth fo/kkrk ls
iafDr ;gh dqN dg jgh gS&
fuonsu dj jgs gSa fd tSls buds n'kZuksa dk
dfi dj eu fcpkj ,fg jhrh A dfjgfga lq;ksx cSBk dj vkius esjk tUe ysuk lkFkZd
fcf/k eks lu , izhrh A ¼vfrl; tUe /kU;½ fd;k gS mlh izdkj budh
lqxhz oth ds eu esa fopkjksa dk ladYi&fodYi gks izhfr Hkh eq>s izkIr gksos bldk Hkh fo/kku ;k
jgk gSA os lksp jgsa gSa fd gs fo/kkrk! ftl la;ksx jpk gksxk \
izdkj vkius n'kZuksa dk lq;ksx iznku fd;k gS ;gk¡ lans'k gS fd tho ;fn dkiZ.; Hkko
D;k mlh jhfr ls ;s eq>ls izhfr Hkh djsxa]s vkxs ls] Lo;a dks vleFkZ ekurs gq;s izHkq ls ¼fcf/k
Hkh j[ksxaAs ls½ izkFkZuk djsa ;k eu esa ln&ladYi djsa rks
^dfi dj eu fcpkj ,fg jhrh & ;gk¡ lqxhz oth izHkq mldh bPNkiwfrZ dk izcU/k djrs gSaA ;gk¡
ds fy;s ^dfi* in fy[kus dk rkRi;Z gh gS fd izHkq us HkDrkpk;Z Jhguqekuth ds ân; esa izsj.kk
os lq[kLo:i Hkxor jl esa Mwcs gq;s gSa ¼^^da nh&
lq[ka ikfr j{krhfr dfi%**½ vr% bl le; u nksgk&rc guqear mHk; fnfl dh lc dFkk
rks muds eu esa ckyh dk vkrad gS] u gh iRuh lqukb A AA4AA
ds fo;ksx dk nq%[k gS vkSj u gh jkT; lÙkk
ikod lk[kh nsb dfj tksjh izhfr n`<+kb
ikus dk dksbZ yksHk ghA os igys igy rks izHkq
dks ns[kdj fdadrZO;foew<+ gq;s FksA vkSj vc
AA4AA
muds LusgflDr O;ogkj ds dkj.k vfHkHkwr gSaA rc ;kus lqxhz oth dh vfHkyk"kk dks ns[k
eu esa fopkj py jgk gS fd ftl jhfr ls ;s dj] czã vkSj tho ds eeZ dks tkuus okys
eq>ls feys gSa] ije iwT; ujksÙke gksdj Hkh thokpk;Z Jhguqqearykyth us nksukas i{kksa dh lkjh
ftl l[; Hkko ls mUgksaus eq> ew<+ okuj dks dFkk&O;Fkk lqukbZaA fQj ikou djus okyh vfXu
xys yxk;k gS] D;k mlh jhfr ls] Lusg ls esjs dh lk{kh nsdj ijLij izhfr dks n`<+rk ls tksM+
lax izhfr dk fuokZg Hkh djssaxas\ fn;kA
^rc guqear mHk; fnfl dh& ^rc* dk vFkZ gS
lqxhz oth ds eu esa eS=h o izhfr dh Hkkouk
izcy gksus ijA Jhjketh rks 'kcjhth ds dgs /;ku nsxs rks] eaxykpj.k ds f}rh; 'yksd
vuqlkj ^îEik ljfga tkgq j?kqjkbZ] rg¡ gksbfga ^czãkEHkksf/kleqn~Hoa* esa xksLokehth us tks rhu
lqxzho ferkbZ**3@35@11 fe=rk ds mÌs’; ls gh ^Jh* ;Fkk ¼1½ JhePNEHkq eq[ksUnq lqUnjojs] ¼2½
bUgsa [kkstrs gq;s ;gk¡ rd vk;s gSaA Jhtkudh thoua vkSj ¼3½ Jhjkeukeke`re~
^mHk; fnlh dh lc dFkk& rkRi;Z gS fd osn LFkkfir fd;s gSa mu rhu ^Jh* dk vkSj mijksDr
osnkUr ds Kkrk guqearykyth us nksuksa ds oa'k îkod lk[kh* dk mn~ns'; Hkh bu 'kfDr;ksa ls
ifjp;] orZeku esa nksuksa dh lekukoLFkk] nksuksa deZ flf)] lk/ku flf) o ok.kh flf) djokuk
dh ifRu;ksa dk vigj.k] nksuksa dh gh ou esa gSA bl fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa Hkh ok.kh flf)
jgus dh ck/;rk ,oa nksuksa dks ,d nwljs dh Jhjketh dh gqbZ ^^lquq lqxhz o ekfjgm¡ ckfyfg
lgk;rk dh vko';drk] bR;kfn ckrksa dks ,dfga cku**] lk/ku flf) lqxhz oth dh gqbZ
lquk;kA ^^lksb lqxhz o dhUg dfijkÅ] vfr dìky j?kqchj
îkod lk[kh nsb dfj tksjh& oSfnd i)fr ;k lqHkkÅ**A vkSj deZ flf) Jhguqekuth dh gqbZ
lukru /keZ ds vuqlkj izR;sd lRdk;Z rHkh ^^guqer tUe lqQy dfj ekuk] pysm ân; /kfj
QyhHkwr gksrk gS tc mls lw;Z] pUnz vfXu] dìk
vkdk'k] ok;q] ty&i`Foh bR;kfn dh lk{kh nsdj fu/kkuk**A
fd;k tk;A blhfy;s fuR; izfr ds iwtu esa tks ^dfj tksjh izhfr n`<+kbZ* & ftl izdkj fookg
/wki&nhi izTofyr fd;s tkrs gSa ;k laLdkj esa ^gou* gksrk gS] îkf.kxzg.k* ¼gkFk esa
vfXugks=&goukfn fd;k tkrk gS] og ,d izdkj gkFk nsuk½ fd;k tkrk gS] vfXu ds pkjksa vksj
ls vfXu dh lk{kh gh gSA v/;kfRed vFkZ esa ^lIrinh* djkbZ tkrh gS os lkjs dk;Z ;gk¡ izHkq
vfXu ijekRek dk Lo:i gSA vkSj osnksa esa vfXu o lqxhz oth ¼tho ds izfrfuf/k½ ds chp lEiUu
dks nsoksa dk eq[k dgk x;k gS vFkkZr~ vfXu esa fd;s x;sA budk okYehfd jkek;.k esa rks foLrkj
veqd nsorkvksa ds uke ls ¼vkg~oku djds½ ls o.kZu gSA ;gk¡ xksLokehth us Hkh ladr s esa
NksM+h xbZ gfo lw{e :i ls mDr nsoksa rd lHkh Hkko O;Dr fd;s gSa tSls& îkod lk[kh* esa
igq¡prh gSA pkjksa osnksa ¼_xcsn];tqosZn] lkeosn] vfXu gou dk] ^nsbZ dfj* esa gkFk esa gkFk nsdj
vFkZosn½ esa vfXu nso dh Lrqfr ds :i esa Hkk¡ojh fQjus dk vkSj ^tksjh izhfr* ds }kjk
vusdkusd _pk,¡ gSaA vkSj ;g Hkh ekuk x;k gS xBca/ku tksM+us dk Hkko n'kkZ;k gSA jketh ds
fd lHkh osn gh jkek;.k ds :i esa okYehfdth fookg esa Hkh ,slk gh o.kZu gqvk gS] ^^dfj
ds eqg¡ ls vorh.kZ gq;s gSa ^ôsn% izkpsrlknklhr gkse fof/kor xk¡fB tksfj gksu ykxh
lk{kkn~~ jkek;.kkReuk**A vr% jkek;.k esa osnksa dh Hkk¡ojh**A1@324] ,d ijEijk] ojdU;k ds
_pkvksa ds HkkokFkZ gksuk LokHkkfod gh gSA ;gk¡ dqydk 'kk[kksPpkj djus dh Hkh gS ^^cj dq¡vfj
Hkh îkod* in oSfnd deZ ds :i esa ,oa ikou djry tksfj lk[kkspk# nksm dqyxqj djS** mldk
djus okyh ;KkfXu ds vFkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gSaA fuokZg Hkh ;gk¡ ^mHk; fnfl dh lc dFkk lqukb*
îkodk* in ls izkjEHk gksus okyh _xosn dh esa gqvk gSA
,d _pk esa cqf) o ok.kh dh nsoh ^ljLorh* îkod lk[kh*& in dk ,d vkSj Hkh Hkko gSA
ls] vUuiw.kkZ ;k 'kfDrLo:ik ôkftuhorh* ls o 'kkL=ksa esa] tho dks HkfDr ds ek/;e ls gh czã
/ku nsus okyh y{eh ^f/k;kolq%* ls] bu rhuksa ls dh izkfIr dgh xbZ gSA pw¡fd HkfDr Lo:ik
gh] ;K dks ogu djus] lq'kksfHkr djus o lQy Jhlhrkth bl le; izHkq ds vkns'k ls îkod*
djus ds fy;s vkg~oku fd;k gS& ^îkodk esa izos'k fy;s gq;s gSa ^^rqEg îkod* egq¡ djgq
u% ljLorh oktsfHkokZftuhorhA fuoklk] tkS yfx djkSa fulkpj
;Ka o"Vq f/k;kolq%**AA uklk**3@23@2A vr% ikod lk{kh dk ,d
_x-1@3@10 rkRi;Z ;gk¡ lhrkth dh mifLFkfr esa lqxhz oth dks
HkfDr iznku dh xbZ Hkh gSA ;k ;ksa dgysa fd fookg gks tkus ds ckn ifr iRuh esa tks ,d
mUgsa ikod }kjk oS".ko laLdkjksa ls ^laLdkfjr* nwljs ds izfr izse o leiZ.k Hkko gksrk gS mls
;kus nhf{kr fd;k x;kA blfy;s vkt Hkh oS".koksa gh ^dhfUg izhfr* dgk vkSj ijLij dqN Hkh
dks rIr 'kWa[k] pØ ;k /kuq"k ck.k vkfn }kjk gh nqjko fNiko ugha jgrk mlds fy;s ^dNq chp u
nhf{kr djus dh ijEijk gSA jk[kk* dgk x;kA fdUrq vUrj bruk gh gS fd
bl eS=h izlax esa Toyu /kekZ vfXu ds ;gk¡ tho vkSj czã dh 'kk'or ¼vVwV½ izhfr dk
}kjk lqanj :id Hkh o.kZu gS tSlk fd ûke oUnuk izdj.k* esa ladr s
cka/kk x;k gSA ;gk¡ tho lqxhz oth lfe/kk gS ^^cjur cju ¼jk e½ izhfr fcyxkrh] ^czã
¼ydM+h½ gS] lfe/kk esa vn`'; vfXu rRo gh] tho* le lgt la?kkrh**1@19@4A ;gk¡ bl
Jhjke:i esa czã gSa] vkSj iou ¼ok;q½ ds fcuk le; tho lqxhz oth esa ykSfdd dkeuk dnkfi
vfXu izTofyr ugha gks ldrh vkSj ikou ugha gS ftldk ladr s lkfRod ^jke* in ls
fopkjksa ds fcuk eS=h Hkh ugha fVd ldrh vr% ^^yfNeu ^jke* pfjr lc Hkk"kk** ls feyrk gS
lk{kh Lo:Ik iouiq= fo|eku gSaA vU;Fkk ;gk¡ Hkh ^dke* pfjr ukjn lc
deZdk.M ds bu fof/k fo/kkuksa ls ,d Hkk"ks*1@127@7 tSlk gh dksbZ vkSj ladsr i<+us
ckr vkSj ekuuh gksxh fd ;g dfi ;k okuj dks feyrkA
laLd`fr vR;Ur mPpdksfV dh jgh gksxhA ,slk lqxhz oth us ân; ls izHkq dh izhfr pkgh Fkh
yxrk gS fd Hkxor~&jl ds izseh gksus ds dkj.k ^djgfg fcf/k eks lu , izhrh* ftldk izfrnku
gh bUgsa lEeku tud uke ^dfi* fn;k x;k ^dhfUg izhfr* ls gqvk gSA vkSj izHkq us Hkh bl
vkSj ouksa esa jgus ds dkj.k ôkuj* budk tkfr le; viuh ek;k dks czã tho ds chp ls ijs
okpd uke iM+k gSA izk.k mRlxZ djus dh o`fÙk gh j[kk gSA ukjnth ds izlax esa izHkq dh ek;k
ds dkj.k êdZV* vkSj fdf"dU/kk jkT; ds gh jktdqekjh ¼fcLoeksguh½ cuh Fkh] ogk¡ tc
ukxfjd gksus ds dkj.k ^dhlk* dgs tkrs jgs ek;k dks gVk;k x;k rc Li"V dgk gS ^^tc
gksaA cUnj rks bUgsa budh eq[kkd`fr vkSj papy gfj ek;k nwfj fuokjh] ufga rg¡ jek u
o`fÙk ds dkj.k og Hkh budk migkl mM+kus ds ^jktdqekjh**A ukjn izlax esa izHkq dh ek;k ds
fy;s gh jko.k vkSj yadkokfl;ksa us dgk gSA fy;s ^nwfj fuokjh* dgk x;k gS rks ;gk¡ Hkh ^dNq
dhfUg izhfr dNq chp u jk[kk A yfNeu chp u jk[kk* esa ek;k chp esa ugha gS blh ckr
jke pfjr lc Hkk"kk AA dk ladr s fd;k gSA ;ksa Jhlhrkth Hkh izHkq dh
izhfr djus esa nksukas us fdlh izdkj dk Hksn ;k ek;k ¼fo|k ek;k½ gSaA muds fy;s dgk Hkh x;k
nqjko ugha j[kkA rc Jhy{e.kth us lqxhz oth o gS ^^mHk; chp fl; lksgfr dSls] czã tho fcp
vU; mifLFkr tuksa dks lc ^jkepfjr* dgkA êk;k* tSlsa**2@122@2A
^dhfUg izhfr dNq chp u jk[kk& ,d oSfnd jhfr ^yfNeu jke pfjr lc Hkk"kk& Jhguqearykyth
ds fookg esa ftrus Hkh vko';d deZ dgs&ekus fcpkSfy;s gSa vkSj ¼ge thoksa ds½ dU;k i{k ds
tkrs gSa] os lHkh ;gk¡ lqlEiUu gq;s] vfXu Hkh thokpk;Z Hkh gSaA mUgksaus ^mHk; fnlh dh lc
vjf.k eUFku }kjk izdV dh xbZ ^^dk"Beks% Losu dFkk* esa ek= mruk gh lquk;k Fkk ftruk fd
:is.k tu;kekl ikode~**A ykSfdd fookg esa mUgksaus jketh ls lquk FkkA /;ku jgs fd mÙke
dU;k dk gkFk idM+s gq;s oj ihNs ihNs pyrk gS iq#”k ¼izHkq½ viuk xq.kxku vius eq[k ls dnkfi
;gk¡ Hkh oSls gh gqvk gS lqxhz oth vkxs&vkxs pys ugha djrs gSaA pw¡fd vfXu dh lk{kh nsdj ftls
gSa& fe= cuk;k gS mlls nqjko j[kuk Hkh mfpr ugha
^^rrks·fXu nhI;eku rkS pØrq'p iznf{k.ke~A gSA blfy;s lEiw.kZ jkepfjr] fo'ks"k dj izHkq ds
lqxzhoks jk?ko'pSo o;L;RoeqikxrkSA ok-jkiq#"kkFkZ ls lEcfU/kr o Jhlhrkth ds vigj.k
@4@5@16 dk izlax Jhjkekuqt&y{e.kth us lquk;kA
Jhy{e.kth Hkh Jhguqearykyth ds leku gh ûkFk* !
vn~Hkqr dFkkdkj gSa] ^y[ku dgh lc dFkk lEcks/ku ckn esa dgk x;kA ;g ûkFk* lEcks/ku
fcls"kh*A2@72@5 Jhguqekuth ;fn Jksrk dk Li"V lwfpr dj jgk gS fd izHkq us Hkys gh
nq%[k Hkxk nsrs gSa& ^^jkepUnz xqu cjuSa ykxk] buls fe=rk LFkkfir dh gks] fdUrq ;s rks Lo;a
lqurfga lhrk dj nq[k Hkkxk**5@12@5] rks dks mudk nkl vkSj mUgsa ukFk&izHkq gh eku jgs
y{e.kth tc lqukrs gS rc u dsoy nq%[k gSaA y{e.kth ljh[ks ls jkepfjr lquus ds ckn
¼Hk;m fo"kknq fu"kknfg Hkkjh½ Hkkx tkrk gS Hkh ;fn os ^txUukFk* dks u ifgpku ikrs rks
vfirq le; Hkh ,slk lq[ke; O;rhr gksrk gS fd deh y{e.kth dh gh dgykrhA dsoV us rks
dqN Hkh Hkku ugha jgrk ^^dgr jke xqu Hkk buls dFkk Jo.k djus ds ckn ftl lgtrk ls
fHkuqlkjk ¼m"kkdky½ tkxs tx eaxy lq[knkjk
lxq.kkSorkj dk eeZ tkuus dh ckr dg nh] mls
2@93@2A vksSj ;gk¡ Hkh lhrk gj.k dk d:.k
_f"k eqfu Hkh ugha dg ik;s ^êkxh uko u
izlax lqurs lqurs ghs lcdh vk¡[kksa ls dc vk¡lw
dsoV vkuk] dgb rqEgkj êjeq eSa
cgus yxs] ;g Hkh dksbZ ugha tku ik;kA
tkuk**2@99@3A
dg lqxzho u;u Hkfj ckjh A fefyfg ukFk ^fefyfg* dk Hkko gS fd vo'; feysxhA
fefFkysldqekjh AA lqxhz oth ds dgus esa tks n`<+rk dk Hkko gS
vdLekr~ McMck;s us=ksa ls gh lqxhz oth dg iM+s mldk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd og ?kVuk
^feysaxh*! gs ukFk ! JhfeFkysl dqekjh vo'; gh
T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds ^foUn* uked eqgwrZ esa ?kVh
feysaxhA
FkhA okYehfd jkek;.k esa tVk;wth us izHkq ls
^dg lqxhz o u;u Hkfj ckjh& y{e.kth ls
dgk gS fd ^jko.k Jhlhrkth dks ftl eqgwrZ esa
jkepfjr lqurs gq;s tc izlax lhrk&gj.k dk
ys x;k gS] mlesa [kks;k gqvk /ku 'kh?kz gh mlds
vk;k rc Jhlhrkth ds fy;s izHkq dh O;kdqyrk
dk o.kZu lqudj ,oa [kx e`xksa dks lEcksf/kr Lokeh dks fey tkrk gSA gs dkdqRLFk! og ^foUn*
djds muls lhrkth dk irk iwNus dk o`rkUr uked eqgwrZ Fkk&
tkudj ^^gs [kx e`x gs e/kqdj Jsuh] rqEg ns[kh ^^;su ;kfr eqgwrsZu lhrkeknk; jko.k%A
lhrk e`x uSuh**A3@29@9 lHkh Hkko fog~oy foiz.k"Va /kuaf{kiaz rRLokeh
gksdj jksus yxsA izfri|rs**AA
xksLokehth dk dguk gS fd izHkq dh dFkk ^^foUnks uke eqgwrksZ·lkS u p dkdqRLFk
Jo.k djrs gq;s ;fn izlaxkuqdy w izfrfØ;k ugha lkss·cq/kr~A**3@68@13
gqbZ tSls fd ân; gf"kZr ugha gqvk ;k ru tVk;wth ls lw;Ziq= lqxhz oth dk Kku vf/kd gh
iqyfdr ugha gqvk vFkok u;uksa ls vJqikr ugh gksuk pkfg;sA
gq;s rks og fu"Bqj otz ls dBksj Nkrh okyk gS ^fefFkysl dqekjh*& lqxhz oth ckyh ls =Lr gksdj
^^dqfyl dBksj fuBqj lksb Nkrh] lqfu gfj lalkj Hkj esa Hkkxrs jgs gSa blls mUgsa u dsoy
pfjr u tks gj"kkrh**A1@112@7 ;gk¡ rks Hkwxksy 'kkL= dh gh vfirq l`f"V ds vU;kU;
lqxhz oth brus Hkko fog~oy gks x;s fd vJqiwfjr Kku&foKku dk Hkh cgqr Kku gSA viuh
us=ksa ls gh ¼fcuk mUgsa iksaNs gh½ cksy iM+s& tkudkfj;ksa ds vk/kkj ij mUgksaus ;gka ^fefFkysl
^fefyfg ukFk fefFkysl dqekjh& ^fefyfg* in dqekjh* in iz;qDr fd;k gSA ftlls lwfpr gksrk
Rofjr Hkko esa dgk x;k gSA oLrqr% lqxzhoth gS fd mUgsa ml le; ds cgqpfpZr fo"k;
tc yhyk Jo.k dj jgs Fks mlh le; mudh Jhlhrk Lo;Ecj dh tkudkjh gSA ,oa jktf"kZ
vk¡[kksa ds le{k ;dk;d Jhlhrkth ds }kjk fufeth ds ikfFkZo 'kjhj ds eaFku ls jktk fefFk
mÙkjh; ¼nqiV~Vk½ Mkyus dh ?kVuk dkSa/k xbZA dh mRifÙk gksus vkSj bl dkj.k ls oa'k dk
blfy;s ^fefyfg* 'kCn igys fudy x;k vkSj uke fefFkykoa'k iM+us dh Hkh tkudkjh gSA jktk
fefFk ds gh iq= tud gSa vr% tud dqe kjh ^^,d ckj* Hkwifr euekgha] HkS Xykfu eksjs lqr
lhrk dks mUgksaus fefFkyk ujs'k dh jktdqekjh ukgha**1@188@1A
dgkA ^^,d ckj* pqfu dqlqe lqgk,] fut dj Hkw"ku
eaf=Ug lfgr bgk¡ ,d ckjk A cSB jgsm¡ eSa jke cuk,**3@0@3A
djr fcpkjk AA bl fu;e ls mi;qZDr ^,d ckjk* Hkh
gs ukFk! ;gk¡ ,d ckj eSa eaf=;ksa ds lkFk cSBk ,d vfr fo'ks"k fnu≤ dk |ksrd gSA tgk¡
gqvk fopkj&foe'kZ dj jgk FkkA xksLokehth us blds +}kjk mijksDr ^foUn* eqgwrZ
êaf=Ug lfgr bgk¡ ,d ckjk& ;gk¡ êaf=Ug* ls dh vksj ladr s fd;k gSA ogha bu iq.;'kkyh
vfHkizk; lTtuksa ¼lfpo o eaf=;ksa½ dks ml eqgwrZ esa
fdf"dU/kkjkT; dh lÙkk esa dk;Zjr eaf=;ksa ls gSA Hkxorh lhrk vEck ds n'kZu izkIr gq;s vkSj
lqxhz oth ds lax jgus okyksa ds fy;s rks ^lfpo* muds n'kZuksa ls og foUn eqgwrZ Hkh lkFkZd gks
'kCn iz;qDr gqvk gSA ckyh dh vis{kk lqxhz oth x;kA ,oa mlh {k.k txr tuuh dh izkfIr esa
vf/kd yksdfiz; gSaA D;ksafd fujkfHkekuh gSa vkSj lqxhz oth dk Hkh lfØ; ;ksxnku gks x;kA D;ksafd
ckyh dks egk vfHkekuh dgk x;k gS ^vl dfg lhrk eS¸;k ds iV Mkyus ^dfg gfj uke nhUg
pyk egk vfHkekuh*A ckyh ds vagdkj ls =Lr iV Mkjh*3@28@25 ds dkj.k gh jketh dks
bUgha eaf=;ksa us lqxhz oth dks igys Hkh tcju ;gk¡ vkuk iM+kA vkSj blh cgkus ls bUgsa
lÙkk:<+ fd;k Fkk ^êaf=Ug iqj ns[kk fcuq lkbZa] ¼lqxhz oth dks½ Hkh mlh fnu iqu% jkT; izkfIr dk
nhUgsm eksfg jkt ^cfjvkbZ**A vkSj laHkor% os lq;ksx Hkh lqfuf'pr gks x;kA vr% vfr fo’k”V
gh ea=hx.k iqu% jkT; izkfIr gsrq ea=.kk djus ;k ^,d ckjk* dgk x;kA
lqxhz oth dks ckyh ls lko/kku djus gsrq vk;s ^cSB jgsm¡ eSa djr fcpkjk& ^cSB jgsm¡* dgus esa
gq;s gksa\ mudk vfHkizk;% gS fd ge fopkj&foe'kZ esa
^,d ckjk*& xksLokehth us vn~Hkqr] vf}rh;] rYyhu Fks] ;fn vHkh dh Hkk¡fr ltx gksrs rks
fnO;] vfrfof'k"V vkfn xq.kksa ls ;qDr tks Hkh ml le; vkdk'kekxZ ls tkrh gqbZ lhrkth ds
laKk gS mlds fy;s gh ^,d* in dk iz;ksx fd;k fy;s dqN u dqN iz;Ru vo'; djrsA
gSA lqUnjdk.M esa blds mnkgj.k lgtrk ls
xxu iaFk ns[kh eSa tkrk A ijcl ijh cgqr
fey tk;sxas ^^fuflpjh ^,d* fla/kq egWaq jgbZ]
dfj ek;k uFk ds [kx xgbZA lalkj esa ;gh ,d
fcyikrk AA
ek= fuf'kpjh gqbZ gS tks fd vkdk'k esa mM+us ml le; eSaus mUgsa vkdk'kekxZ esa tkrs gq;s
okys tho&tUrqvksa dh Nk¡g dks LrfEHkr djds ns[kkA os ijk/khu&ijk;s o'k esa ¼jFk esa½ iM+h gqbZ
mUgsa xzl ysrh FkhA mlh izdkj yadk dh Fkh vkSj cgqr foyki dj jgh FkhA
vf/k"Bk=h nsoh Hkh dksbZ ,d gh gks ldrh gS ^xxu iaFk ns[kh eSa tkrk& lqxhz oth us jksrs gq;s
ûke yafduh ^,d* fuflpjh*A ;gk¡ Hkh ^,d ¼u;u Hkfj ckjh½ viuh foo'krk crykbZ fd
ckjk* ls rkRi;Z fo'ks"k] vfrfo"ks'k le;&fnu ls ge okuj 'kk[kke`x gS ¼^^lk[kke`x dS cfM+
gSA ekul dk izkjEHk Hkj}kt&;kKoYdth ds euqlkbZ] lk[kk rsa lk[kk ij tkbZ**5@32@7A½
laokn ls gqvk gS ogk¡ ^,d ckj* gS ^,d ckj vkSj os gekjh igq¡p ds ckgj vkdk'k esa Fkh eSa
Hkfj edj ugk,*1@44@3 vkSj vkxs tgk¡ Hkh Lo;a muds jFk dks rsth ls tkrs gq;s ns[krk
dFkk esa fof'k"V eksM+ vk;k gS ogk¡ Hkh ^,d jgk] gkgUr! muds fy;s dqN ugha dj ik;kA
ckj* in ns[kus dks fey tk;sxk ;Fkk& ^tkrk*& ;gk¡ ^tkrk* in f}vFkhZ gSA ,d rks
xeu&tkuk ds vFkZ esa gS] nwts laLd`r esa bldk
^^,d ckj* =srktqx ekgh] laHkq x, dqEHkt fjf"k
vFkZ dU;k] iq=h] csVh gS] ^tkrk* dgus esa mudk
ikgh**1@47@1A
Hkko gS fd os eq>s dU;k ds leku fiz; yxh vkSj mudk vigj.k Hkh vius m)kj ds fy;s
fdUrq ge muds fy;s dqN Hkh ugha dj ldsA fd;k gS ^îzHkq lj izku rtsa Hko
izk;% 'kadk O;Dr dh tkrh gS fd lw;Z rjÅ¡**3@22@4 vr% og mUgsa viuh xksn esa
dks fuxyus okys ;k lkS ;kstu leqnz dks yk¡?kus cSBk dj dSls ys tk ldrk gS\
dh lkeF;Z j[kus okys Jhguqekuth us Hkh ml ^cgqr fcyikrk*& Hkko gS fd Jhlhrkth vo'k
le; Jhlhrkth dks cpkus dk dksbZ iz;kl D;ksa rks Fkh gha lkFk gh cgqr izdkj ls foyki Hkh dj
ugha fd;k \ fuosnu gS fd egf"kZ;ksa ls feys jgh FkhaA tVk;wth us Hkh dgk Fkk fd os dqtZ
'kki ds dkj.k tc rd guqearyky dks dksbZ i{kh dh rjg vR;Ur foyki dj jgha Fkha ^^yS
buds dhfrZ izrki dk Lej.k ugha djkrk gS rc nfPNu fnfl x;m xkslkbaZ] fcyifr vfr ^dqjjh*
rd ;s lfØ; gh ugha gks ikrs gSa ;kus /;ku dh ukbZa** 3@30@3A
exu gh cus jgrs gSa ^^rn~ nh?kZdkya osÙkkfl jke jke gk jke iqdkjh A gefg nsf[k
ukLekda 'kki eksfgr%A ;nk rs Lek;Zrs dhfrZLrnk
rs o/kZrs cye~**A6@36@35ok-jk- blhfy;s
nhUgsm iV Mkjh AA
tkeoUrth dks bUgsa leqnz yk¡?k dj yadk tkus gesa ns[k dj mUgksaus ¼/;kukd"kZ.k gsrq½ jke !
gsrq lfdz; djus ds fy;s gh ^dk pqi lkf/k jgsm jke ! gk jke ! dh iqdkj yxkbZ vkSj gesa
cyokuk*4@29@3 dguk iM+kA viuh vksj ns[krk gqvk ns[k dj] viuh vks<+uh
îjcl ijh cgqr fcyikrk& Jhtkudhth ijk;s ¼nqiV~Vk½ dks fxjk fn;kA gk jke¾osnuk lwpd
ds o'k esa ;kus vo'k gSa bls n'kkZus ds fy;s gS&
îjcl* in gh i;kZIr FkkA fdUrq loZ= e;kZnk ^jke jke gk jke iqdkjh& ekul esa o.kkZJe /keZ
dk fuokZg djus okys HkDr ân; xksLokehth dks dh e;kZnkvksa dk iwjk iwjk ikyu gqvk gSA mu
okYehfdth ds }kjk fd;k x;k o.kZu Hkh v[kj e;kZnkvksa esa laHkor% ,d ;g Hkh e;kZnk gS fd
jgk FkkA ogk¡ o.kZu gS fd Jhlhrkth jko.k dh ifr&ozrkvksa dks vius ifr dk uke mPpkj.k
xksn esa ukxjkt dh cgw ¼Js"B ukfxu½ dh Hkk¡fr ugha djuk pkfg;sA bl ,d izlax ds vfrfjDr
NViVk jgh Fkh ^^LQqjUrh jko.kL;kdsa vkSj dgha Hkh Jhlhrkth us vius eq[k ls
iUuxsUnzo/kw;ZFkk**A4@6@10 vr,o xksLokehth Jhjketh dk uke mPpkj.k fd;k gks ,slk
dks fy[kuk iM+k fd os îjcl* gSa ,oa os mYys[k ekul esa dgha ns[kus dks ugha feyrkA
îjh*¾iM+h gqbZ gSa] vFkkZr jFk ;k foeku esa iM+h ,d izlax rks ,slk Hkh gS tgk¡ xzke&c/kqfV;ksa us
gqbZ gSa u fd jko.k dh vad esa gSaA /kU; gS buls g¡lh fBBkSyh esa gh izHkq dk ifjp;&uke
xksLokehth dk e;kZnk ikyuA tkuuk pkgk ^lqeqf[k dggq dks vkfga rqEgkjs*
;gk¡ ;g Li"V djuk ijeko';d gks mudk vuqeku Fkk fd 'kgjh fL=;k¡ vius ifr
x;k gS fd okYehfd jkek;.k esa of.kZr dbZ izlax dk uke ysrh gksaxhA fdarq ogk¡ Hkh Jhfl;ktq us
;k@vkSj muds o.kZu djus dh 'kSyh dks u;uksa ds ladr s ls gh mÙkj fn;k gS ^^[katu
xksLokehth us {ksid ¼tksM+s x;s va'k½ ekuk gSA eatq frjhNs u;ufu] fut ifr dgsm frUgfg
mUgksaus oUnuk izdj.k esa Li"V dgk gS fd eSa fl;¡ l;ufu**A2@116@7 oLrqr% bl
okYehfd eqfu ds pj.k deyksa dh oanuk djrk xzke&c/kqfV;ksa okys izlax ds dkj.k gh ;g iz'u
gWwa ftUgksaus ,slh jkek;.k fuekZ.k dh tksfd ifo= mitrk gS fd ogk¡ tc uke ugha fy;k rks fQj
gS] lqdksey gS] lqUnj euksgj gsS vkSj nks"k jfgr ;gk¡ bUgksaus rhu ckj ^jke* ^jke* ^gk jke* dk
Hkh ijUrq vk{ksidksa ¼^nw"ku*½ ds lfgr gS ^^canm¡ uke D;ksa mPpkj.k fd;k \
eqfu in datq jkek;u tsfg fuje;m**A l[kj ekul jlKksa us blds vusdkusd
lqdksey eatq nks"k jfgr nw"ku lfgr**
lek/kku izLrqr fd;s gSa& ¼1½ Jhlhrkth HkfDr
1@14@¼?k½A ^jko.kL;kdsa* Hkh ,slk gh izlax gS
Lo:ik gSa mUgksaus bl jke uke ds ea= }kjk
oLrqr% jko.k us rks lhrkth dks ek¡ ekuk gqvk
lqxhz oth dks HkfDr iznku dh gSA ¼2½ ;gk¡ rhu
gS ^êu egq¡ pju cafn lq[k ekuk**3@27@17A
ckj ^jke* uke fy;k x;k gS vr% lar yksx bls gfj uke Lej.k djrh jghA ;fn mudk mn~ns';
fujUrj jke uke tius dk izrhd ekurs gSaA ifr ds uke }kjk viuk ifjp; lwfpr djuk
mudk dguk gS fd foink esa dsoy jke uke gksrk rks ,d ckj gh ^jke* dgrh ;k jketh ds
¼gk ! jke !½ gh lgk;d gS] blfy;s Jhlhrkth lkFk y{e.kth dk ;k oa'k ijEijk dk uke Hkh
jke uke dk tki dj jgh FkhA ¼3½ dqN dk ysrhA xksLokehth us Lo;a viuh vksj ls Hkh bl
er gS fd Jhlhrkth ds foyki dks lqudj Lo;a leL;k dk funku dj j[kk gS ^^fxfj ij cSBs
lqxhz okfntuksa ds eq[k ls gh vuk;kl jkejke dfiUg fugkjh] dfg ^gfj uke* nhUgs iV
^jkejke gk jke iqdkjh gefg* fudy iM+kA Mkjh**3@28@25A vFkkZr~ mUgksaus gfj ds uke
Jhlhrkth us rks ek= oL= ^nsf[k nhUgsm iV dk Lej.k fd;k gS u fd ifr ds uke dkA
Mkjh* fxjk;k gSA vFkok ¼4½ ;gk¡ lhrkth ds bl izdkj ds vusdkusd lek/kkuksa ds ckn Hkh
Lo:i esa ek;k gS ^fut izfrfcac jkf[k rg¡ dguk iM+ jgk gS fd ;g furkUr lR; ugha gSA
lhrk*3@23@4 vr% ;s jke uke ys ldrh gSa] ;fn iq#"k ds fy;s L=h dk uke ysuk mfpr gS
vkSj jkeuke ysusa esa budk ykHk gh ykHk gSA rks fQj L=h ds fy;s gh ;g Hksn Hkko D;ksa \
¼5½ ;k fQj ?kksj vkifÙk ds le; ifr dk uke vkSj oLrqr% xksLokehth us blesa HksnHkko ugha
mPpkj.k djus esa o.kkZJe& fd;k gSSA mUgksaus Hkxoku 'kadj ds ftrus Hkh
/keZ esa fu"ks/k ugha gSA ,d uhfr okD; esa dgk izpfyr uke gS izk;% mu lcdk gh mPpkj.k
gS fd dY;k.k pkgus okyksa dks viuk] xq# dk] lrhth vkSj ikoZrhth ds eq[k ls djok;k gSA
egkdatw”k dk] T;s”B iq= dk] ifr ok iRuh dk igys lrhth ds }kjk mPpkfjr ns[k ysa ^tkSa eksjsa
uke ugha ysuk pkfg;s& ^^vkRekuke xqjksukZe ^flo* pju lusgw*] ^lqugq lHkkln ldy
ukekfrdì.kL; pA eqfuank] dgh lquh ftUg ^ladj* fuank**A
Js;Ldkeksa u x`g.kh;kr~ ^lar ^laHkq* Jhifr vicknk]** ^txnkrek êgslq
T;s”VkiR; dy=;ks**AA
iqjkjh*]
;gk¡ ^Js;Ldkeksa u* ls ladr s gS fd vkindky
^^rftgm¡ rqjr nsg rsfg gsrw] mj /kfj ^pUnzekSfy
esa uke ysuk fu”ks/k ugha gSA lhrkth ds ek/;e
o`"kdsrw**A1@63@7 ikBdx.k bUgsa n{k iq=h ds
ls ;gk¡ blh ckr dh f'k{kk leLr L=h tkfr dks
}kjk mPpkfjr dg ldrs gSa fdUrq vc mekth
nh xbZ gS fd os vkifÙk ds le; Js;Ldj mik;
;k ikoZrhth ds }kjk mPpkfjr Hkh ns[k ysa&
dk voyEcu djsaA vkSj foifÙk ds ckn] fof/k
fu"ks/k ds vuqlkj] mldk izk;f'pr fd;k tk ^^ns[kgq eqfu vfccsdq gekjk] pkfgv ^lnkflofg*
ldrk gSA Hkjrkjk**A]
xksLokehth ds izLrqrhdj.k esa bu lcdk ^êgknso* voxqu Hkou fo".kq ldy xqu
lkeatL; gSA Jhlhrkth fu%lUnsg ?kksj foifRr esa /kke**A]^^vc eSa tUeq ^laHkq* fgr gkjk**] ^^rtm¡
gSa vkSj jFk esa iM+h gqbZ gSaA ;fn muds gkFk gh u ukjn dj minslw vkiq dgfga lr ckj
LorU= gksrs rks os Lo;a dh yTtk <kdus dh êgslw**1@80@6A ,d xzUFk esa nks ifjikVh
pknj dks gh uhps D;ksa fxjkrha \ muds ikl rks dnkfi ugha gks ldrh gSa] bu m}j.kksa ls Hkh
pwM+kef.k tSls vkHkw"k.k Hkh Fks ^^pwM+kefu mrkfj ekuuk iM+sxk fd ifr dk uke ysuk fu"ks/k ugha
rc n;Å] gj"k lesr ioulqr fdUrq dguk iM+ jgk gS fd ;g Hkh v/kwjk lR;
y;Å**A5@26@2 loZ izFke rks mUgsa vkHkw"k.kksa gSA laLd`fr dgrh gS fd cM+k vius ls NksVs dk
dks gh mrkj dj Qsaduk pkfg;s FkkA mUgksaus rks uke ys ldrk gSA lrh ;k ekrq ikoZrhth Hko
foink esa bu okujksa dk /;ku vkdf"kZr djus ds dks ¼l`f”V dks½ ykus okyh Hkokuh gSa czãk fo”.kq
fy;s tksjksa ls ¼iqdkjh½ vusdksa ckj jke jke egs’k dk Hkh l`tu djus okyh gSa ^^czãk|k%
dgk gS] rkRi;Z gS fd foink esa Hkh os fujUrj iq#”kkL=;ks futxq.kS LRoRLosPN;k dfYirk** nsoh
Hkkxor1@32 bUgsa egknsoth ls cM+k fn[kykus ds fn;kA izHkq ml nqiV~Vs ;k mÙkjh; oL= dks ân;
fy;s gh xksLokehth us buds eq[k ls f’ko’kadj ls yxk dj vR;Ur fpark&lksp djus yxsA
ds uke mPpkj.k djok;s gSaA oLrqr% êkxk jke rqjr rsfga nhUgk& ,d ^jke* in
fdf"dU/kkdk.M ^jke* uke efgek ijd iz;qDr djds gh xksLokehth us trk fn;k fd ;s
Hkfädk.M gS vr% ;gk¡ ^jke jke gk jke* dgk lq[k /kke gSa ^lks lq[k/kke jke vl
x;k vkSj vj.;dk.M _f”k eqfu;ksa dk deZ ukek*1@196@6 loZK gSa ^lcZ jfgr lc mj
lU;kl ;ksx gS blesa gfj ds uke T;knk gSa& iqj cklh* blds lkFk gh ^lhdj rSa =Syksd
^^lks Nfc lhrk jkf[k mj jVfr jgfr ^gfj* lqiklh*] loZ= budh mifLFkfr gSA vLrq budh
uke**A3@29] tks ^lksp vfr dhUgk* gS] og dsoy yhyk gS]
^^lqugq mek rs yksx vHkkxh] ^gfj* rft gksfga vU;Fkk igys gh dg vk;s gSa fd lhrkth ds
fc"k; vuqjkxh**A lax budk dHkh Hkh la;ksx ;k fo;ksx gksuk lHkao
pw¡fd ^gfj* in Lo;a esa Dys"k&gjrk Hkh ekuk gh ugha gS ^^dcgw¡ tksx fc;ksx u tkds] ns[kk
tkrk gS vr% ogk¡ ^dfg gfj uke nhUgsm iV izxV fcjg nq[kq rkds**1@48@8A
Mkjh* dgk x;k gSA ^rqjr rsfga nhUgk* & ;gk¡ ^rqjr* nhi nsgjh gSA
^gefg nsf[k nhUgsm iV Mkjh& oL= lqxhz oth ds Jhjketh us ftl vkrqjrk ls ekaxk mruh gh
le{k gh fxjkus dk dkj.k gS fd ;s iwoZ tUeksa rRijrk ls ^rqjr* lqxhz oth us ykdj fn;k gSA
ds lqd`r'kkfy;ksa esa gSaA ;ksa Hkh ;s igys ls gh ekaxus vkSj nsus esa tks rRijrk gS og bl pkSikbZ
izHkq dh izrh{kk dj jgs Fks ^^fxfj r# u[k dh 'kCn jpuk ls gh] mls mPpkj.k djus ls
vk;q/k lc chjk] ^gfj ekjx fprofga* gh] ekywe iM+ tkrh gSA
efr/khjk**1@187@4 ^gfj ekjx fprofga* dk îV mj ykb lksp vfr dhUgk& vU; jkek;.kksa
rkRi;Z gh Hkfä ekxZ lk/k jgs gSaA dgk Hkh x;k esa iV esa vkHkw”k.k
gS fd l`f"V ds lkjs dk;Z iwoZ fu;ksftr gS vkSj cka/k dj fxjkus dk mYys[k gS ^^mÙkjh;k/kZ[k.Msu
fof/k ds fo/kku ls Loeso gh fu"ikfnr gksrs jgrs foeqP;k Hkj.kkfnde** 3@7@63v-jk-A
gSa& ^^rqylh tfl HkorC;rk rSlh guqeUukVd esa o.kZu gS fd izHkq us bUgsa
feyb lgkbA ifgpkuus ds fy;s y{e.kth ls enn ekaxh FkhA
vkiuq vkob rkfg ifga rkfg rgk¡ yS vkSj y{e.kth us mu vkHkw"k.kksa esa ls flQZ
tkb**A1@159 uwiqjksa dks igpku dj dgk Fkk fd eSa vU;kU;
blh fo/kku ls gh Jh'kcjhth us izHkq dks vkHkw"k.kksa dks ugha igpkurk gw¡] gk¡ bu uwiqjksa dks
vo'; tkurk gw¡ D;ksafd fuR; izfr iz.kke djrs
iaikljksoj tkus dh vkSj ogk¡ lqxhz oth ls ferkbZ
le; bu ij esjh n`f"V iM+ tkrh FkhA
¼fe=rk½ gksus dh vfxze lwpuk nh Fkh ^îaik blh izlax dk o.kZu jk/ks';ke jkek;.k
ljfg tkgq j?kqjkbZ] rg¡ gksbfg lqxzho esa Hkh gqvk gSA y{e.kth ds 'kCnksa esa mldh nks
ferkbZ**A3@35@11 pw¡fd loZizFke lk{kkr~ Hkfä iafDr;k¡ ns[ksa&
efr lhrk vEck dh gSA lqxhz oth ij dìk n`f"V ^êSaus rks pj.k fugkjs gSa] ns[ks ekrk ds
¼gefg nsf[k nhUgsm ½ gS rc dgha tkdj ;g dku ughaA
la;ksx ;kusfd Lo;a jketh dks eSa rks fcNqvksa dk lsod gw¡ dq.My dh dqN
i/kkjuk iM+k gSA igpku ugha**AA
ekxk jke rqjr rsfga nhUgk A iV mj ykb fdUrq ekul esa xksLokehth us oSnsghth dh
ouokl vof/k dk tks pfj= fp=.k izLrqr fd;k
lksp vfr dhUgk AA gS og ,d izdkj ls rifLouh :i dk gS
vkrqjrk ls Jhjketh us ml oL= dks ^^rkil os"k tkudh ns[kh] Hkk lcq fcdy fc"kkn
ekaxk vkSj lqxhz oth us Hkh rqjar gh mls ykdj ns
fcls"kh**A 2@285@2 vr% bl os"k esa dherh
Lo.kkZHkw"k.kksa dk izos'k dgk¡ laHko gSA lqgkx ^rtgq lksp eu vkugq /khjk& Jhjketh dh
fpUgksa ds vFkZ esa tks dqN vR;ko';d vkHkw"k.k vR;Ur LokHkkfod ekuoksfpr yhyk dk izHkko
;Fkk êfu eqnjh* ûwiqj* ;k ^pwM+kefu* vkfn gh lqxhz oth ij vkSj mifLFkr okuj lekt ij
mUgksaus /kkj.k fd;s gSaA xksLokehth us ;gk¡ dsoy ,slk iM+k fd mUgsa izHkq ds ,s'o;Z dk ;k vcrd
îV mj ykb* dk gh o.kZu fd;kA lqus gq;s jkepfjr dk gh foLej.k gks x;kA
^lksp vfr dhUgk* & fL=;k¡ lkekU; fLFkfr esa lqxhz oth rks Lo;a dk nq[k% Hkwydj uVoj
vius mÙkjh; oL= dks vius ls vyx ugha yhyk/kkjh dks gh /kS;Z /kkj.k djus dk mins'k
djrh gSa D;ksafd og mudk yTtkj{kd gSA djus yxsA laHkor% Hkxoku f'kous lqxhz oth tSlksa
tcfd Jhlhrkth dks lans'k izs"k.k ds fy;s vius dks gh y{; djds ;g opu dgs gSa&
mÙkjh; dks gh R;kxuk iM+k mudh dSlh fodV ^^dkfeUg dS nhurk ns[kkbZ] /khjUg ds eu
fLFkfr jgh gksxh\ ;gh lkspdj yhyk/kkjh fpUrk fcjfr n`<+kbZA3@38@2
esa Mwcs gq;s gSaA vU; jkek;.kksa dh Hkk¡fr êu* in ‘ys”k gSA ;gk¡ eu dk lksp R;kxus dh
xksLokehth us izHkq dks ;gka v/khj ;k jksrk gqvk vkSj eu esa /kS;Z /kkj.k djus dh dgh gSA blls
ugha n'kkZ;k gS ^^gk fiz;sfr #nu~ /kS;ZeqRl`T; ;g Hkh lwfpr fd;k fd izHkq eu esa gh ‘kksdeXu
U;irr~ f{krkS** 4@6@17ok-jk-A izHkq dh jksus gSa viuk 'kksd foyki ;k #nukfn ds }kjk eq¡qg
fcy[kus dh yhyk ^^,fg fcf/k [kkstr fcyir ls izdV ugha dj jgsa gSaA
Lokeh] eugq¡ egk fcjgh vfr dkeh** rks lc izdkj dfjgm¡ lsodkbZ A tsfg fcf/k
fo'ks"kdj ukjnth ds fy;s gh Fkh ^^fcjgoar fefyfg tkudh vkbZ AA
Hkxoarfg ns[kh] ukjn eu Hkk lksp lqxhz oth us izHkq dks <+k<l ca/kkrs gq;s
fcls"kh**A3@40@5 vkSj og yhyk rks dgk fd eSa Lo;a lc izdkj ls vkidh lsok
iEikljksoj esa fueTtu djus ds ckn Loeso d:axk vkSj ftl jhfr ls Hkh vkidks
lq[k esa rcnhy gks xbZ êTtuq dhUg ije lq[k Jhtkudhth feys os lc iz;Ru ¼lsod dh Hkk¡fr½
ikok*A mlds ckn rks izHkq ije izlUu gSa ^^cSBs d:axkA
ije izlUu dìkyk] dgr vuqt lu dFkk ^lc izdkj dfjgm¡ lsodkbZ& 'kcjhth us rks
jlkyk**3@40@4A vr% izHkq dk ;g lksp Hkh Hkxor~ izsj.kk ls izsfjr gksdj lqxhz oth ls ferkbZ
fn[kkoVh ^ckfgt fpark dhfUg fclS”kh* tSlh gh gksus dh ckr dgh FkhA fdUrq ;gk¡ ^dfjgm¡
gSA lsodkbZ* eu ls fudys mn~xkj gSa] buls Li"V gS
dg lqxzho lqugq j?kqchjk A rtgq lksp eu fd ije&Kkuh Jhguqekuth us rks lqxhz oth esa
vkugq /khjk AA fufgr lsok Hkkoh xq.kksa dk vkadyu djds gh
izHkq dks 'kksd eXu ns[k dj Jhlqxhz oth ^lks lqxzho nkl ro vgbZ* dgk FkkA lsok/keZ dk
us dgk gs j?kqohj th! lqfu;s! vki j?kqoa'kh ohj vuqikyu Lo;a ds }kjk gh vkSj lc
gSa vr% bl izdkj ds 'kksd&fo"kkn dks ifjR;kx lq[k&lk/kuksa dks frykatfy nsdj gh gks ldrk gS
djds vius eu esa /kS;Z ykb;sA ^^lsod fgr lkfgc lsodkbZ] djS ldy lq[k
^dg lqxzho lqugq j?kqchjk& ^lqugq* dk vfHkizk; yksHk fcgkbZ**A2@267@4 blh Hkkouk ls
gS fd izHkq dks cgqr nsj rd fo"kkn esa Mwck gqv k lqxhz oth dk dguk gS fd eSa Lo;a vkidh lsok
;k 'kksd&eXu ns[k dj lqxhz oth us mUgsa mlls d:axk ^dfjgm¡ lsodkbZ* vkSj ^lc izdkj* dh
mckjus] mudk /;ku viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djus lsodkbZ dgus esa mudk Hkko Hkh Jhvaxnth
ds fy;s gh ^lqugq* dgk gSA ^j?kqchjk* in ds okyk gh gS ^ûhfp Vgy x`g dS lc dfjgm¡]
}kjk mUgksaus Lej.k djk;k fd vki Js"B j?kqoa'k in iadt fcyksfd Hko rfjgm¡** 7@17@7A
ds Js"Bre ohjksa esa gSa vkSj ohjksa ds fy;s 'kksd ^tsfg fcf/k fefyfg tkudh vkbZ& vfHkizk; gS
djuk dnkfi 'kksHkktud ugha gksrkA fd ;su&dsu izdjs.k] ;kus pkgs fo/kkrk ds ?kj gh
feysa] blds fy;s eq>s vlk/; dk;Z djus iMa+s] ekuoksa dks f'k{kk nsus ds fy;s gksrk gS] dsoy
vc vkidks tkudhth ls feykuk esjk jk{klksa dk o/k djkuk gh mn~ns'; ugha gksrk
mÙkjnkf;Ro gSA ok-jk- esa rks dgk gS fd ^pkgs ^êR;kZorkjfLrog eR;Zf'k{k.ka j{kkso/kk;Sou dsoya
os ikrky esa gks ;k vkdk'k esa] eSa mUgsa ykdj foHkkS%**A5@11@5 pw¡fd lqxzhoth izHkq ds nq%[k ls
vkidh lsok esa lefiZr dj nwaxk*& nqf[kr gq;s ¼^dg lqxhz o u;u Hkfj ckjh*½ vkSj
^^jlkrys ok orZUrh orZUrh ok uHkLrysA Lo;a dks izk.ki.k ls izLrqr dj fn;k] ;gh
vgekuh; nkL;kfe ro lTturk dh fu'kkuh gS îj nq[k nzofga lar
Hkk;kZefjane**AA4@6@6 lqiquhrk* 7@124@8 vkSj izHkq blh Hkko ds
vkSj v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Hkh mUgksaus izfrKk Hkw[ks gSa] ;gh ;gk¡ f'k{kk gSA
iwoZd dgk gS fd eSa jko.k dks lej esa ekjdj nksgk&l[kk cpu lqfu gj"ks dìkfla/kq
tkudhth dks vki ls feyk nwaxk& cylhaoA AAA5
^^lqxzhoks·I;kg gs jke izfrKk djokf.k rsA
lejs jko.ka gRok ro nkL;kfe dkju dou clgq cu eksfg dggq
tkudhe~**AA4@1@43 v0jk0 lqxzho AA5AA
;gk¡ Hkh ^dfjgm¡* in izfrKk ds vFkZ esa gh fiz; l[kk ds opuksa dks lqudj fdaok muds
iz;qDr gSA oLrqr% blesa ^gksbfg lks jke jfp ladYi esa fufgr lsok Hkkouk dks y{; dj dìk
jk[kk* ds foijhr eSa d:¡xk ¼dfjgm¡½ ;kus vga lkxj] cyfu/kku Jhjk?kosUnz izHkq izlUu gks x;sA
okyh Hkkouk vk xbZ gSA tcfd HkDrksa ds y{k.kksa HkDr ls Lo;a dh lsok ysus ds igys gh Hkxoku
ds :i esa JhokYehfdth us lhrkjke y{e.kth us iwNk] gs lqn'kZuh; xzhok okys lqxhz o ! eq>s
ds fuoklkFkZ tks pkSng Hkqou fn[kyk;s gSa ogk¡ crkvks fd bl ou esa fdl foo'krk o'k fuokl
dgk gS& ^^dgfga lR; fiz; ^cpu fcpkjh*] dj jgs gks \
tkxr lksor lju rqEgkjh** 2@129@4] tcfd ^l[kk cpu lqfu gj"ks& ;g ^l[kk* in osnksa ls
opuksa dh fdafpr ek= lh vYgM+rk ds dkj.k fy;k x;k gSA vikS#"ks; osn ^czã* vkSj ^tho*
gh Hkxoku f'ko us viuh izk.k oYyHkk ikoZrhth esa lgt ¼vgSrqd½ ^l[; Hkko* ekurs gSaA ogk¡
dks Hkh >kM+ fn;k Fkk& bl }Sr Hkko dks n'kkZus okyh ,d _pk esa dgk
^^ckrqy Hkwr fccl erokjs] rs ufga cksyfga ^cpu x;k gS fd bl l`f"V :fi o`{k dh Mkyh ij nks
fcpkjs**A 1@114@7 i{kh l[kk Hkko ls fcjkteku gSaA mu nksuksa esa
;gk¡ Hkh] tho/kekZ lqxhz oth vius opuksa ,d ¼tho½ Qy dks Hkksxrk gS ,oa nwljk ¼czã½
ds fcuk rksys gh bruh cM+h ckr ¼Mhax½ dg uhjo gksdj lk{kh Hkko ls voLFkku djrk gS&
x;sA vU;Fkk oLrqfLFkfr rks ;g gS fd os Lo;a ^^}k lqi.kkZ l;qtk ^l[kk;k* lekua o`{ka
ckyh ds Hk; ds dkj.k gh bl 'kSy ij fojkt ifj"kLo tkrsA
jgs gSaA vkSj vkxs ^jkt dksl iqj ukjh* ls r;ksjU;% fiIiya Lok}Ù;u ÜuUu;ks
leFkZ gksdj Hkh os vius opuksa dk fuokZg] dgh vfHkpkd'khfrAA**
gqbZ rRijrkuqdy w ] ugha dj ik;sA
;ksa Hkh loZ&leFkZ izHkq dk /;s; ;k _xosn1@164@20
vorkj ysus dk mn~ns'; dsoy jk{klksa dk lagkj pw¡fd jkek;.k Hkh osn Lo:i gS vkSj
djuk ;k lqxhz o :fi thoksa dh lgk;rk ls prq"eq[k czãkth ds dgs vuqlkj] muds ladYi
Jhlhrkth dks izkIr djuk gh ugha gSA cfYd ;k izsj.kk ls gh] mldh ¼jkek;.k dh½ jpuk Hkh
vius yhyk pfj=ksa ds }kjk ^vkn'kZ lekt* dh gqbZ gS& ^^reqokp rrks czãk izglu~ eqfu
uhosa etcwr cuk;s j[kuk gSA Jhen~Hkkoxrth esa iqxaoe~A~
Hkh dgk x;k gS fd izHkq dk vorkj eq[;r%
ePNUnk nso rs czãu~ izo`Ùks;a ¼okujkfn ls½ lgk;rk ysus dh] dksbZ vko';drk
ljLorh**AA1@2@31 ok-jk- ugha gS\ vkxs] tkeoUrth us Li”V dgk gS fd
vr% _Xosn dh mijksDr _pk jkek;.k esa Hkh okujh lsuk rks dkSrqd ds fy;s j[ksaxs ^^rc fut
Hkko :id esa ekStwn gSA vkSj lqxhz oth ,oa Hkqt cy jkftouSuk] dkSrqd ykfx lax dfi
jketh esa Hkh oSlk gh l[; Hkko ns[kus dks lsuk**4@29@12A
feysxk& ^dkju dou clgq cu& dgk x;k gS fd
^^rr% lqi.kZ cgqyka HkaDRok 'kk[kka lqiqf"irkeA ^^jkefg dsoy iszeq fivkjk] tkfu ysm tks tku
lkyL;kLrh;Z lqxzhoks fu"klkn fugkjk**A2@136@1 vFkkZr izHkq dsoy Hkko ds
ljk?ko%**AA4@5@18ok-jk- Hkw[ks gSaA ;g yksdksfDr ;gk¡ iw.kZr;k lR; gqbZ gSA
;gh _pk] vkSj og Hkh yxHkx bUgha 'kCnksa esa Jhlqxhz oth :ih tho us 'kq) ân; ls ek=
JhO;kl Hkxoku }kjk iz.khr Jhen~H~ kkxorth esa ln~ladYi O;Dr fd;k gSA vkSj izHkq mlh {k.k
Hkh feysxhA ogk¡ fuR; c)&fuR;eqDr dh mldk izfrQy nsus] mudk nq[k% fuokj.k djus
ifjHkk"kk esa Hkxoku Jhd`".k us m)oth dks ds fy;s] m|r gks x;sA ;g =srk dk gh lR;
bldk xw<+kFkZ crk;k gS i<+us le>us ;ksX; gS& ugha gS] eu dh bl ln~ladYi o`fÙk dks
^lqi.kkZosrkS ln`'kkS 'k[kk;kS ;n`PN;Srks d`r xksLokehth us dfydky ds fy;s Hkh mruk gh
uhM+kS po`{ksA izHkko ;qDr crk;k gS&
,dLr;ks% [kknfr fiIiykUueU;ks fujUuks·fi ^^dfy dj ,d iquhr izrkik] ekul iqU; gksfga
cysu Hkw;ku*AA ufga ikik**A 6@102@8
Jh- Hkr`Zgfj uhfr'krd esa fe= ds N% xq.k
e-Hkkxor 11@11@6A dgs x;s gSa& ^^mldks ns vkSj mlls ysa] viuh
^lqfu gj"ks*& lqxhz oth dk fn;k gqvk ;g xqIr ckr dgsa mldh iwNa]s Lo;a fe= ds ;gk¡
vk'oklu ¼ladYi½ okLro esa gS rks NksVs eq¡g Hkkstu djsa vkSj mls vius ;gk¡ Hkkstu djk;sa**&
cM+h ckr tSlk ghA fdUrq izHkq mlls oLrqr% ^^nnkfr izfr x`g~.kkfr xqg~; ek[;kfr
gf"kZr gq;s gSaA mudh g¡lh esa og ifjgkl okyk i`PNfrA
Hkko ugha gS tSlk fd ij'kqjketh ds izyki dks Hkq³ä~+ s Hkkst;rs pSo "k³fo/ka izhfr
lqudj ^^Hk`xiq fr cdfga dqBkj mBk,¡] êu y{k.ke*~*AA
eqlqdkfga* jkeq flj uk,¡** eqLdjk;s Fks vFkok izHkq us] blh ^fe= /keZ* dk vuqikyu djus ds
flU/kqth dh ckrsa tksfd lquus esa rks fouhr fy;s gh iwNk gS ^dkju dou clgq cu*A
yxrh Fkha] fdUrq Fkha cM+cksys iu ls Hkjha] ftUgsa ;gk¡ ^clgq cu dou dkju* dk dkj.k
lqudj eqLdjk iM+s Fks ^^lqur fcuhr cpu iwNus ls ;g Hkh Li"V Kkr gksrk gS fd ôkuj*
vfr] dg dìky êqlqdkb**5@59 ;gk¡ rks ouksa esa clus okys izk.kh u gksdj uxj fuoklh
lqxhz o :ih tho 'kq) ân; ls izHkq dh vksj leqUur tho FksA okuj ds uke ls tks gekjh
mUeq[k gqvk gS] blh ls jh>dj izHkq gf"kZr gq;s vo/kkj.kk cuh gqbZ gS] mls lgh fn'kk&funsZ'k nsus
gSaA ds fy;s gh xzUFkksa esa bl izdkj ls ladrs gq;s gSaA
^d`ìk flU/kq*& Hkko gS fd izHkq dk ân; g"kZ ds ;gk¡ yksdkpkj ds vuqlkj izHkq dk vfHkizk; gS
dkj.k lkxj dh mÙkqax rjaxksa ds leku fo'kky fd ge nksukas rks ^firq cpu ekfu cu vk,* gSa
gks x;k gS] vkSj os lqxhz oth ij vgSrqd dìk fdUrq vki fdl dkj.ko'k ou esa fuokl dj
djus okys gSaA jgs gSaA
^cylhao*& in ls trk;k fd izHkq Lo;a ukFk ckfy v# eSa }kS HkkbZ A izhfr jgh
^^lqUnjkofr cykS** gSaA oLrqr% ;g ladr s gS fd dNq cjfu u tkbZ AA
cyfu/kku Jhjketh dks lhrkth gsrq fdlh ls
Jhlqxhz oth us dgk] gs ukFk ! ckyh vkSj iq=h gS ^ê; ruqtk eanksnfj ukek] ije lqanjh
mlls NksVk eSa] ge nksuksa HkkbZ gSaA HkkbZ HkkbZ esa ukfj yykekA lksb e;¡ nhfUg jkoufg vkuh**
igys rks FkksM+k izse Fkk fd mldk o.kZu ugha gks 1@177@3A
ldrkA ^vkok lks izHkq gejs xkÅ¡& ^lks izHkq* dgus esa]
ûkFk ckfy v# eSa }kS HkkbZ& okYehfd jkek;.k muds eu esa ek;koh dh {kerk ds fy;s foLe;
esa _{kjtk ls mRiUu bu Hkkb;ksa ds ifjp; esa Hkko gSA vkSj ^gejs xkÅ¡* in ds }kjk trk;k
dgk x;k gS fd ^êgsUnz ioZr ds leku fo'kky fd vkt Hkh mudh vklfDr fdf"dU/kkuxjh ls
dk; vkSj cfY"B ckyh bUnz ds iq= ds :i esa tqM+h gSA xw<+kFkZ esa mudk ckyh ij vkjksi gS fd
iSnk gq;s vkSj rius okyksa esa Js"B Hkxoku lw;Z tks oLrq gekjs cikSrh dh Fkh mlij mldk êSa*
us lqxhz oth dks tUe fn;k& Hkko vk x;kA fdUrq Lo;a dks vfdapu ;k mlds
^ôkujsUnz egsUnzkHkfeUnzks izfr for`".kk Hkko iznf'kZr djus ds fy;s gh
okfyuekReteA vius iqj&uxj dks mUgksaus xk¡o dgk gSA
lqxhz oa tu;kekl
riuLrirkaoj%**AA1@17
v/kZ jkfr iqj }kj iqdkjk A ckyh fjiq cy
;gk¡ ûkFk* lEcks/ku vkSj vkxs Hkh lgS u ikjk AA
îzHkq*] ^[kjkfj* vkfn lEcks/kuksa ds }kjk n'kkZ;k vk/khjkr ds le; gekjs uxj ds flag}kj
fd Jhjketh Hkys gh bUgsa l[kk] fe= vkfn ekus ¼QkVd½ ij vkdj ml ek;koh us ckyh dks
fdUrq lqxhz oth rks mUgsa ^pjkpj* ds ukFk vkSj yydkjk vkSj ckyh dks 'k=q dk cy dnkfi
iwT;uh; gh ekurs gSaA lgu ugha gksrk gSSA
îzhfr jgh dNq cjfu u tkbZ& îzhfr jgh* ls ^v/kZ jkfr iqj }kj iqdkjk& pw¡fd jkf= ds le;
rkRi;Z gS fd igys dHkh izhfr FkhA fdruh Fkh] nkuoh fu'kkpjh 'kfDr;ka izcy gks tkrh gSSa
blds fy;s Li"V fy[kk gS fd ^dNq cjfu u ^^tkrq/kku iznks"k cy ikbZ] /kk, dfj nllhl
tkbZ*A izk;% lHkh yksx bldk vFkZ ^vR;f/kd nksgkbZ**A6@45@4 vkSj ekuo ;k okuj jkf= esa
izse Fkk* ftldk o.kZu 'kD; ugha bl izdkj f'kfFky gks tkrs gSa vr% ek;koh us v/kZjkf= dk
djrs gSaA fdUrq vU; xzUFkksa esa Hkh buds vkilh le; pqukA
izhfr&izse dks n'kkZus okyk dksbZ Hkh mnkgj.k ;k îqj }kjk*& ek;koh dks vius HkkbZ nqanqfHk dk
o.kZu i<+us dks ugha feyrk blfy;s îzhfr jgh cnyk ysuk FkkA vkSj }Un ;q) esa ckyh ls ikj
dNq* gh vFkZ Bhd gSA vkSj vkil esa izhfr dc ikuk Hkh mlds fy;s vlEHko dk;Z FkkA blfy;s
rd jgh bls Hkh vkxs dg jgs gSa& og igys ls gh "kM;a= jp djds vk;kA mlus
e; lqr ek;koh rsfg ukÅ¡ A vkok lks izHkq uxj ds flag}kj ij xtZuk gh blfy;s dh fd
tc ckyh uxj ls ckgj vk;s rks og Lo;a ogkWa
gejsa xkÅ¡ AA ls Hkkx iM+s vkSj ckyh vius LoHkkoo'k mldk
e; nkuo dk iq= vius firk ds leku
ihNk djrs gq;s "kM;U= LFky rd] vFkkZr ohoj
gh ek;koh vkSj mldk uke Hkh ek;koh FkkA gs
ds Hkhrj] izos'k dj tk;sA vkSj ogk¡ og vius
izHkks ! og gekjs xkao vk;k A
fNis gq;s lg;ksfx;ksa dh lgk;rk ls ckyh dk o/k
ê; lqr ek;koh rsfga ukÅ¡& e; nkuo vn~H~ kqr
dj ldsA
l`f"V jpus okyk dq'ky f'kfYi ekuk x;k gSA
îqdkjk*& ek;koh us xtZuk rks uxj dksV ds
}kij esa] ik.Mqvksa ds fy;s bUnizLFk uxj Hkh
ckgj ls dh] fdUrq mldh /ofu bruh ?kksj gS
blh us jpk FkkA e; dks gsek vIljk ls pkj
fd ftls okYehfdth us HkSjoukn dgk gS]
iq= vkSj rhu iqf=;k¡ izkIr gqbZ FkhA nqanqHkh nkuo
^îzlqIrLrq ee Hkzkrk unZrks
ftl dh ppkZ vkxs vk;sxh] og Hkh blh dk iq=
HkSjoLoue~**A4@9@6ok-jk-A mls lqudj gh
Fkk vkSj jko.k dh iRuh eUnksnjh Hkh blh dh
egyksa esa lks;s gq;s ckyh dh funzk mpkV gks xbZA
xksLokehth us bls gh îqdkjk* vkSj ckyh ij firk ds ;gh y{k.k ckyh ds pfj= esa
bldh izfrfØ;k n'kkZus ds fy;s ^ckfy* 'kCn dks Hkh ifjyf{kr gksrs gSaA budh Hkh ;gh vkdka{kk
nh?kZ esa ^ckyh fjiq cy* ds }kjk n’kkZ;k gSA jgh gS fd l`f"V esa esjs ls Js"B }Un&;ks)k dksbZ
bl izlax esa xk¡o ¼gejs xkÅ¡ ½ vk x;k] u dgyk;sA blfy;s vk;qi;ZUr yM+rs fHkM+rs gh
mijksDr îqj }kj* ls iqj Hkh gS vkSj vkxs uxj jgsA jko.k] nqnqafHk] ek;koh vkSj lqxhz oth ds lax
Hkh vk;sxk ûxj yksx lc O;kdqy /kkok*A bu fd;s }Un ;q) ds pkj izlax rks ekul esa gh
'kCnksa ls Li"V Kkr gksrk gS fd okuj lH;rk gaSA vkSj riLoh Hkh ;s vius firk ds leku gh
Hkh vk;Z lH;rk ds leku gh leqUur FkhA gSaA dgk x;k gS fd ;s fuR; izfr dh f=dky
/kkok ckfy nsf[k lks Hkkxk A eSa iqfu x;m¡ la/;k pkjksa Nksj ds leqnz fdukjs cSB dj djrs
ca/kq l¡x ykxk AA gSaA fdUrq firk ds leku buesa vge~ Hkh cgqr
ckyh ek;koh dh xtZuk lqurs gh mls ekjus Hkkjh gSA
ds fy;s nkSM+k vkSj ek;koh ckyh dks ns[krs gh] ekul vkSj vU; lHkh jkek;.kksa esa Li"V
viuh ;kstukuqlkj HkkxkA ca/kq&izseo'k eSa Hkh dgk x;k gS fd ;s ckyh] lqxhz o lfgr vU;
mlds lax gh yxk pyk x;kA lHkh okuj nsoksa ds va'k ls mRiUu gSa ,oa ije
^/kkok ckfy nsf[k lks Hkkxk& /kkok¾vkØe.k] dkSrqdh ds dkSrqd ^jko.k fo/oal yhyk* dks
p<+kbZ djukA tSlkfd vHkh dgk ckyh lqjifr vfHkuhr djus ds fy;s gh bu lcus jhN okuj
JhbUnz ds iq= gSaA ^^vkRek oS tk;rs iq=%** bl
dk pksyk /kkj.k fd;k gS ^^lqj vafld ^lc dfi
U;k; ls firk dh vf/kdka'k izo`fÙk;ka buesa Hkh
v# jhNk*] ft, ldy j?kqifr dh
gSaA lqjifr dks gesa'kk fpUrk cuh jgrh gS fd
bZNk**A6@113@8 fdUrq viuh ^vga o`fÙk* ds
dksbZ riL;k ds }kjk esjs LoxZ lq[k dks u gfFk;k
dkj.k ckyh us izHkq ds vorkj dh izrh{kk Hkh
ysosA blfy;s fdlh dks Hkh os riL;kjr ns[krs gSa
rks og mUgsa viuk izfr}Unh gh yxrk gSA mUgsa ugha dh cfYd jko.k dks Lo;a gh ijkftr dj
rks ukjnth ij Hkh ,slh gh 'kadk gks xbZ Fkh MkykA vkSj bruk gh ugha] vius ijkØe dk
^^lquklhj ¼bUnz½ eu egq¡ vfl =klk] pgr izn'kZu djus ds fy;s mls dk[k esa ¼cxy esa½
nsofjf"k ee iqj cklk**1@124@7A iqjk.kksa esa rks nck;s&nck;s fo'o Hkj esa ?kwers jgsA dk[k esa
muds ,sls mnkgj.k vusdksa ns[kus fey tk;sxsaA nkcus dh ?kVuk dk mYys[k Lo;a jko.k ls
fdUrq ekul esa Hkh xksLokehth us mudh bl vaxnth us fd;k gS ^^,d dgr eksfg ldqp
LokFkZijd o`fÙk dh [kwc f[kapkbZ dh gSA vfr jgk ckfy dha dk¡[k**6@24 lkFk gh jko.k
ukjn&eksg&izlax esa mUgsa ^dqfVy dkSok*& ^dqfVy ls laf/k djds jkekorkj ysus ds] yksd f’k{kk ds
dkd bo lcfg Msjkgh* vkSj ^lB 'oku* ds mn~ns'; dks gh c.Vk/kkj dj MkykA blhfy;s
leku dgk gS& xksLokehth us mldk ifjp; êgkvfHkekuh* ds
^^lw[k gkM+ yS Hkkx ^lB Loku* fujf[k :i esa fn;k gS ^^vl dfg pyk êgkvfHkekuh*]
e`xjktA rù leku lqxhz o gh tkuh**A ;gk¡ ^/kkok* in ls
Nhfu ysb tfu tku tM+ frfe ^lqjifrfg* mudh o`fÙk ^fjiq fju jap u jk[kc dkÅ* dks
u ykt**AA1@125 gh n'kkZ;k gSA
cfYd Hkjr&feyki tSls ikou izse izlax esa Hkh êSa iqfu x;m¡ ca/kq lax ykxk& lqxhz oth us izhfr
mUgsa bUgha lc miekvksa ls foHkwf"kr fd;k gS] jgh dNq ¼cjfu u tkbZ½ dgk FkkA ;gk¡ mUgksaus
lkFk gh ogk¡ mUgsa diV dqpkfy;ksa dk ljrkt viuh lQkbZ nh fd eSus jkf= esa Hkh ca/kq dk
Hkh dgk gS& lkFk ugha NksM+kA mudk vfHkizk; gS fd esjh
^^diV dqpkfy lho¡ lqjjktw] ij vdkt fiz; vksj ls izhfr esa dksbZ deh ugha jghA vkSj blds
vkiu dktwA2@301@1 LFkku ij ckyh dk O;ogkj dSlk gS mldk o.kZu
mUgksaus vkxs fd;k gSA fdUrq v/;kRe jkek;.k esa ;gk¡ ^fxfjcj* dgus dk xw<+kFkZ gS fd lgL=lkj
,d Li"V ladr s feyrk gS ^lw;Z nso vius iq= ds vkuUn esa fopj.k djus okys bl eu
lqxhz o dh lgk;rk ds fy;s mls guqekuth ds efLr"d esa vgadkj ;k fodkj vk x;kA
laj{k.k esa nsdj pys x;s* ^^rL; nÙok guweUra ^rc ckyh eksfg dgk cq>kbZ& ^rc* dk okP;kFkZ
lgk;kFkZa xrks jfo**A7@3@14 oLrqr% Hkxoku rks ;gh gS fd ml nqxe Z danjk esa ek;koh ds
lw;Z us ;g O;oLFkk] ckyh vkSj lqxhz oth esa jgus izfo"V dj tkus ij] fdUrq bldk xw<+kFkZ gS] eu
okyh vucu dk iwokZuqeku djds gh dh FkhA esa fodkj vk tkus ijA ^cq>kbZ* dk rkRi;Z gS
fxfjcj xqgk¡ iSB lks tkbZ A rc ckyha eksfg le>k cq>kdj lUrq"V djukA okYehfd jkek;.k
dgk cq>kbZ AA esa o.kZu gS fd lqxhz oth ds }kjk lkFk pyus dh
og ek;koh ,d fo'kky ¼cj¾Js"B] fo’kky½ gB djus ij ckyh us vius pj.kksa dh 'kiFk
ioZr dh xgjh xqQk esa tk ?kqlkA rc ckyh us nsdj mUgsa jksd fn;k ^ê;kRosrn op% JqRok
eq>s le>k dj dgk& ;kfpr% l ijUri% A 'kkif;Rok p eka in~H;ka
^fxfjcj xqgk¡ iSB lks tkbZ& ;gk¡ tM+ fxfj danjk izfoos'k fcya rr%AAok-jk-4@9@14 'kiFk
ds fy;s ^cj* ¼Js"B lqanj fo'kky½ in iz;qDr fnykdj jksdus dk ,d ek= dkj.k mudh
djds] xksLokehth us blds v/;kRe&ijd vFkZ vagdkj o`fÙk gS] rkfd yksx ;g vk{ksi u dj
dh vksj ladr s fd;k gSA vU;Fkk ;gk¡ ¼fdf"dU/kk ldsa fd nks yksxksa us feydj vdsys ek;koh dks
esa½ u rks dSyk'k] lqes#] fgekpy ;k fo/;kapy ekj MkykA vkSj izn'kZu izo`fÙk okys ckyh Hkh
dh dksbZ Js.kh gS ftlds fy;s bls Js"B dgk dnkfi ;g ugha pkgsxas fd ek;koh tSls nqxe Z
tk;s vkSj u gh blls dksbZ ,slk lqifj.kke nkuo dks ekjus ds Js; esa vius HkkbZ lqxzho dk
fudyk gS] ftlds fy;s bls lqanj ^cj* dgk cVokjk gks tk;sA vr% le>k cq>k dj dgk
tk;sA cfYd bl xqQkus nksuksas Hkkb;ksa esa cSj gh fd&
mitk;k gSA vkSj ;fn okLro esa fo'kky Hkh gksrh ifj[kslq eksfg ,d i[kokjkA ufga vkokSa rc
rks xaHkhj fy[krs tSlkfd izrkiHkkuq izlax esa gS tkuslq ekjk AA
^Hkkfx iSB fxfj xqgk¡ ^xHkhjk*A1@156@7 rqe iUnzg fnu rd esjh ltxrk ls
v/;kfRed vFkksZa esa bl nsg#fi czãk.M izrh{kk djukA ;fn mrus fnuksa esa eSa ugha vkÅ¡
esa eu dh izo`fÙk;ksa ¼vklfä;ksa½ dks gh rc le>uk fd eSa ekjk x;k A
^yadkiqjh* dgk x;k gSA ;gk¡ eu gh ê;* nkuo îfj[kslq eksfg ,d i[kokjk& ij[kuk ds nks vFkZ
gS ^ôiq"k czãk.M lqizo`fÙk yadk&nqx]Z jfpr êu gSa] izrh{kk djuk ,oa xq.k nks"k ij[kukA ;gk¡
nuqt e;&:i nksuksa gh ykxw gksrs gSaA Lo;a ds ckgqcy ¼{kerk½
/kkjh**A fou;-i- 58@3 vkSj blh esa mlds iq= ds fy;s Hkh îfj[kslq eksfg* dgk gS vkSj lko/kku
eRlj :ih efg"k nqanqfHk] yksHk :ih lwdj jg dj lekfgr fpRr ls rqEgs ckgj izrh{kk
¼ek;koh½ vkfn jgrs gSa ^êfg"k eRlj Øwj] yksHk djuh gS bl vFkZ esa Hkh îfj[kslq* gS ;Fkk&^^bg
'kwdj :i] Qs# Ny] naHk ektkZj /kekZ**A vkSj fr"Bk| lqxhz o fcy }kfj lekfgr%*ok-jk
ekuo eu dk vagdkj gh ^fo'kky ioZr* ,oa 4@9@13A
egkeksg gh mldh ^danjk* dgh xbZ gS& ûfga vkokSa rc tkuslq ekjk& bl ûfg vkokSa
^îzcy vgadkj nqj?kV egh /kj] egkeksg rc* ls gh Li"V gS fd ckyh dks xqgk esa ekStwn
Hkkjh Hkjde "kM+;U= dk iwokZHkkl gks x;k Fkk]
fxfj&xqgk
ugha rks os îfj[kslq* vkSj ^rc tkuslq ekjk*
fufcMka/kdkja**A fo-i-59@6
tSlh v'kksHkuh; ckrsa vius eq¡g ls dnkfi ugha
fudkyrsA vkSj u gh ,d i[kokjs tSlh yEch
vof/k rd izrh{kk djus dk gh vkns'k nsrsA D;ksa vU; jkek;.kksa esa Hkh êkl* gh dgk x;k gSA
dk dkj.k gS] blh ek;koh dk cM+k HkkbZ nqanqfHk fQj] 'kCnksa dh gssjk Qsjh ds }kjk Hkh xksLokehth
tksfd }Un ;q) dk fo'ofo[;kr ;ks)k Hkh Fkk] us ;gk¡ dksbZ ,slk ladr s ugha fd;k gSA cfYd
mls ekj dj ;kstuksa nwj Qsadus esa mUgsa dksbZ lqxhz oth us rks ^[kjkjh* ¼?kV ?kV oklh jke½
fo'ks"k le; ugha yxk FkkA D;ksafd] mlesa dsoy in iz;qDr djds vius i{k dks lR;kfir gh
cy dk vgadkj Fkk] blesa cy vkSj ek;k nksuksa fd;k gSA
gh gSaA es?kukn Hkh ek;koh ^^[ky ek;koh* nso ^jgsm¡ [kjkjh*& xksLokehth dks izHkq ds vuqie
lrkou** blus u dsoy y{e.kth dks ewfNZr ,s'o;Z dks iznf'kZr djus okyk ;g ^[kjkjh* in
fd;k êqjNk HkbZ lfä ds ykxs*6@53@8 cfYd bruk fiz; gS fd mUgksaus bls lHkh lkrksa dk.Mksa
jketh dks Hkh ukxik’k esa ck¡/k ^C;ky ikl cl esa iz;qDr fd;k gSA izHkq ds izdV gksus dh Lrqfr
Hk, [kjkjh*6@72@11 vr,o ^Hk, izdV dìkyk nhu n;kyk* ds lkFk gh bl
lko/kku fd;kA [kjkjh dk izkDV~; gqvk gS&
fy;k Åij Hkh ^^rc* in Fkk ^rc* ^^ykspu vfHkjkek ruq ?kuL;kek fut vk;q/k
ckyh eksfg dgk cq>kbZ** ;gk¡ Hkh ^rc* gS ^^rc* HkqtpkjhA
tkuslq ekjk** oLrqr% ^rc* in vkns'kkRed vFkZ Hkw"ku cuekyk u;u fclkyk lksHkkfla/kq
esa gSA Hkko gS fd ,d i[kokjs esa u vkÅ¡ rc ^[kjkjh**AA
ejk tkuuk vkSj rc ;Fkksfpr fu.kZ; ysuk] vHkh vj.;dk.M esa [kjnw"k.k f=f'kjkfn ds
rks esjs vkns'k dk ikyu djksA ;ksa Hkh lkFk ;q) dk foLrkj ls o.kZu gSA ogk¡ Jhjketh
xksLokehth dh 'kSyh esa ^,d* in ¼îj[kslq ,d us bu pkSng gtkj izsrksa dk lagkj cM+s gh
i[kokjk*½ Lo;a esa gh fof'k"V vkSj fu'p;kRed vn~Hkqr jhfr ls fd;k gSA 'k=q Hkko gksus ij Hkh
'kCn gSA ;s fu'kkpj x.k izHkq dh euksgj Nfo dks ns[k
ekl fnol rg¡ jgsm¡ [kjkjhA fuljh #f/kj dj vfHkHkwr gks x;s FksA lHkh dk ekuuk Fkk fd
/kkj rg¡ HkkjhAA ,slh vuqie lqanjrk gesa vkt rd] uj ukx
lqxzhoth us nq%[kh eu ls dgk gs lqj vlqj fdlh esa Hkh ns[kus dks ugha feyhA
?kV&?kV esa O;kIr [kj ds 'k=q Jhjketh! eSa ml ;|fi bUgksaus gekjh cgu 'kwi.kZ[kk ds ukd dku
xqQk ds }kj ij iUnzg fnu ds LFkku ij ,d dkVs gSa rc Hkh ;s uj&Hkw"k.k o/k ;ksX; ugha gSA
efgus ¼rhl fnu½ rd izrh{kk djrk jgkA tc izHkq us mudh bPNk dk leknj djrs gq;s lHkh
ml xqQk ls jDr dh rst /kkjk ckgj fudyh dks jke e; cuk fn;k] izHkq Lo;a mUgha ds ?kVksa
rc& esa ¼'kjhj esa½ izR;{k gks x;sA vkSj vfUre le;
êkl fnol rg¡ jgsm¡ [kjkjh& dbZ jkek;.kh bl esa izHkq dh ogh Nfo lkeus okys fulkpj esa
ekl fnol ls lqxhz oth dk] ogk¡ ckjg fnu gh fn[kkbZ iM+us ls] vuk;kl muds eqg¡ ls ^jke*
izrh{kk djuk ekurs gSa D;ksafd o"kZ esa ekl ckjg uke fudyk] ftlls lcds lc ije in ds
gh gksrs gSaA ij ;g vFkZ izlaxkuqdy w ugha gSA vf/kdkjh gks x;s&
ekul esa ekl fnol vusdksa ckj iz;qDr gqvk ^^lqjeqfu lHk; izHkq nsf[k ek;kukFk vfr dkSrqd
gS vkSj og lHkh txg rhl fnu ds vFkZ esa gS& dj;ksA
^êkl fnol* dj fnol Hkk eje u tkub ns[kfga ijlij ^jke* dfj laxzke fjiqny yfj
dksb*A1@195] ej;ks**AA
^êkl fnol* egq¡ dgk u ekukA rkS eSa ekjfc dkf<+ nksgk& ^^jke jke* dfg ruq rtfga ikofga
dìkuk*A5@9@9] in fuckZu**A 3@20
^êkl fnol* chrs eksfg ekfjfg fuflpj
iksp*A5@11
^[kjkfj* dgus esa lqxhz oth dk vfHkizk; gS fd ^flyk nsb rg¡ pysm¡ ijkbZ*& bls dk;jrk ;qDr
vki vUr;kZeh gSa vr% ge nksuks gh ds ân; ds dk;Z djkj nsrs gq;s lqxhz oth dh vusd izdkj ls
okLrfod Hkkoksa dks HkyhHk¡kfr tkurs gSaA vkykspuk dh tkrh gSA lEefr nh tkrh gS
^fulfj #f/kj /kkj rg¡ Hkkjh& okYehfd jkek;.k mudk ogk¡ ls Hkkx tkus dk fu.kZ; gh xyr
esa xqgk ds LFkku ij ^fcy* fy[kk gqvk gS FkkA mUgsa rks ,d i[kokjs ds ckn gh] xqgk esa
îzfoos'k fcya rr%*4@9@14 fdUrq tehu ds izos'k dj tkuk pkfg;s FkkA vkSj f'kyk yxk dj
fcy ls #f/kj dh /kkj dk] og Hkh rst /kkjk ds rks mUgksaus egkxYrh dh vkfn&vkfnA Lo;a fopkj
:i esa] ckgj fudydj vkuk rdZ&cqf) esa de djsa fd ftl dk;Z dks egkcyh ckyh iUnzg fnu
tprk gSA vr% xksLokehth us xqgk in iz;qDr esa ugha dj ik;s] mUgsa Hkh rhl fnu ls vf/kd
fd;k gSA v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Hkh xqgk ¼xqQk½ dk le; yx x;k] rc muds le{k lqxzhoth
in gSA ogka] mlls ,d ekl ds ckn] cgqr lk dh D;k fclkr Fkh\ lqxhz oth vkSj ckyh esa
jDr fudyk dgk x;k gS ^êklknw/oZa mruk gh vUrj gS ftruk fd ,d Kkuh vkSj
xqgk}kjkfUuxZra #f/kj cgq**A v-jk-4@1@51 igyoku esa gksrk gSA Kkuh Qwad&Qawd dj dne
^#f/kj /kkj Hkkjh* dgus dk vfHkizk; gS fd ml /kjrk gSA blhfy;s Jhjketh dks Hkh tkapus
xqQk esa vusdksa vlqj Fks ftUgsa ekjus esa ckyh ij[kus ds fy;s mUgksaus guqekuth dks vkxs fd;k
dks le; Hkh yxk vkSj mu lcds #f/kj ls ogk¡ FkkA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh ns[k ysa fd y{e.kth tSls Hkzkrk
jä dh /kkjk Hkh Hkkjh rst ls fudyhA izseh us budh vkykspuk ugha dh vfirq
ckfy grsfl eksfg ekfjfg vkbZA flyk ^cqf)erke~ ofj"Be~* Jhguqekuhth o tkeoarth
nsb rg¡ pysm¡ ijkbZAA buds lax gh cus gq;s gSaA vkSj rks vkSj izHkq us
Hkh igys viuh iwjh fnytebZ dh gS] nksuksa
ml #f/kj /kkj dks ns[k dj eSusa vuqeku yxk;k
Hkkb;ksa esa cSj iM+us ds ,d ,d dkj.k dks
fd ek;koh us ckyh dks ekj Mkyk gS vkSj vc
^rÙor%* ¼Hkfy Hkkafr½ le>k gS ^^fda fufeÙkeHkwn~
vkdj eq>s Hkh ekj nsxkA bl Hk; ls eSus ml
oSja JksrqfePNkfe ^rÙor%**A 4@8@41ok-jk- rc
xqQk ds eqgkus ij ,d Hkkjh f'kyk yxkbZ vkSj
dgha tkdj mUgksaus ckyh dks ekjus dh izfrKk
ogk¡ ls Hkkx vk;k A
dh gSA
^ckfy grsfl eksfg ekfjfg vkbZ& ckyh us ,d
i[kokM+k izrh{kk djus dh dgh Fkh vkSj lqxzhoth eaf=Ug iqj ns[kk fcuq lkbZa A nhUgsm eksfg
ogk¡ ,d eghus rd #ds jgsA Hkkxs Hkh rc gSa jkt cfjvkbZa AA
tc ogk¡ ls #f/kj dh rst /kkj fudyh vkSj eaf=;ksa us fopkj iwoZd ns[kk fd uxj
vlqjksa ds xjtus dh vkoktsa lqukbZ iM+h ¼jkT;½ fcuk Lokeh ds gS] rc mUgksaus eq>s
^ûnZrkelqjk.kka p /ofueZsZ gBiwoZd ¼tcfj;k½ jkT; ns fn;k] jktk cuk
Jksrekxr%**4@9@18ok-jk-A blh ls mUgsa ckyh fn;kA
ds ekjs tkus dk fu'p; gqvkA êaf=Ug iqj ns[kk fcuq lkabZ& iztk vkSj eaf=x.k
êksfg ekfjfg vkbZ*& lqxhz oth us igys gh dgk bu nkssuksa Hkkb;ksa dh ,d eghus ls izrh{kk dj
gS fd eSa ckyh ds lax gh FkkA okYehfd jkek;.k jgs FksA tc lqxhz oth dks vdsys vkSj mnkl eu
esa Hkh lqxhz oth us dgk gS fd ml vlqj us esjs ls vkrs ns[kk rks muds fcuk dgs gh tku x;sA
HkkbZ dks ns[kk vkSj esjs mij Hkh mldh n`f"V okYehfd jk0 esa rks lqxzhoth us jketh ls dgk
iM+h rks og Hk; ls FkjkZdj Hkkxk ¼ns[ksa 4@9@9 Hkh gS fd eaf=;ksa ls ;FkkFkZ ckr fNikrk jgk
ok-jk-½ Hkkjh #f/kj /kkj ds dkj.k mudk ;g fdarq eaf=;ksa us ;Ru djds tku yh ^^xwgk
lkspuk LoHkkfod gh gS fd os ckyh dks ekj pqds ekuL; es rr~ Roa ;Rurks
gSa vksSj vc eq>s Hkh ekjus vk;asx]s vr,o mUgsa efU=fHk%Jqre~**4@9@20A rkRi;Z gS fd tc
êksfg ekfjfg vkbZ* dh vk'kadk gqbZA
eaf=;ksa dks jkT;] jktk ds fcuk fn[kk rks mUgsa le{k vlR; Hkk"k.k ugha dj ldr s ]
dksbZ 'k=q jkT; ij vkØe.k u dj ns bldh mudh ok.kh gS & ^^fueZy eu tu ls eksfg
fpUrk gqbZA ikokA eksfg diV Ny fNnz u Hkkok**5@43@5
^lkbZ a * & fla f /k;ks a es a lokZ f /kd iz ; q D r gks u s ;fn dgus es a rfud lk Hkh diV gks r k rks
okyk vknj lw p d 'kCn gS A os bls iz k ;% jkt ns u s okys ea f =;ks a es a ls pkj uy]
Hkxoku vkS j ekfyd ds vFkZ es a iz ; q D r uhy] guq e kuth ,oa tkeoa r th rks vHkh
djrs gS a A ^lkbZ a * in dchjth dh lkf[k;ks a Hkh ogha ekS t w n gS a A os gh muds vlR; dks
vkS j inks a es a Hkh cgq r k;r ls feys x k mtkxj dj ns r s A blls ;g Hkh fl) gks r k
D;ks a f d dchjth Hkh loZ / kEkZ uxjh dk'kh gS fd ckyh ds mxz vkS j m)r LoHkko dh
ds fuoklh jgs gS a S A dgk tkrk gS fd rq y uk es s a lq x z h oth dk LoHkko vfr lkS E ;
fdf"dU/kkdk.M Hkh dk'kh es a gh fy[kk x;k gS A blhfy;s bUgs a buds lfpoks a us
gS A vr% bldh Hkk"kk ij Hkh cukjlh gBiw o Z d xn~ n h ulhu fd;k Fkk vkS j vc
lH;rk dk] ogk¡ cks y h tkus okyh Hkk"kkvks a lÙkkP;q r gks u s ij Hkh fdf"dU/kkjkT; ds
dk] iz H kko iM+ u k LokHkkfod gh gS A Js " B lfpo buds lkFk cus gq , gS a A
cukjl es a cxa y k Hkk"kh Hkh cgq r k;r ls gS a ckyh rkfg ekfj x`g vkok A nsf[k eksfg
rks xks L okehth us ^ckyh fjiq c y lgS u ft;¡ Hksn c<+kok AA
ikjk* es a îkjk* 'kCn ca x kyh Hkk"kk ls ckyh ek;koh dks ekj dj tc ?kj vk;k
fy;k gS A ekul es a ] mÙkj Hkkjr es a cks y h vkSj mlus eq>s jkT; flagklu ij cSBk gqvk
tkus okyh lHkh Hkk"kkvks a ds ,dk/k 'kCn ns[kk rks mlds th esa Hksn Hkkouk c<+ vkbZA
fey tk;s a rks dks b Z vk'p;Z ugha gS A fdUrq ^ckfy rkfg ekfj x`g vkok& ckyh lqxhz oth ds
<w < + s x s a rks bles a nf{k.k Hkkjr dh Hkk"kkvks a jkT;kfHk"ksd ds fdrus fnu ckn ?kj ykSVs] blds
ds Hkh ,dk/k 'kCn fey tk;s x s a ] nf{k.k es a fy;s okYehfd jkek;.k esa dgk x;k gS
fookg dk;Z dks ^dY;k.ke~ * dgrs gS a vkS j ^vktxke* vFkkZr blh le;A iwjk okD; gS ^gs
xks L okehth us Hkh bl ^dY;k.k* in dks j?kquUnu eSa U;k; iwoZd jkT; dk lapkyu djus
fookg voljks a ij gh iz ; q D r fd;k gS yxk] blh le; 'k=qHkwr ml nkuo dks ekjdj
^îkjcfrfg fuje;m ts f ga lks b dfjfg okujjkt ?kj ykSVs* ^^jkT;a iz'kklrLrL;
^dY;ku**A1@71] ^^/keZ lq t lq iz H kq rq E g Û;k;rks* ee jk?ko%AA vktxke fjiqa gRok nkuoa
dkS a bUg dg¡ vfr ^dY;ku**1@207] /kU; l rq okuj%A 4@9@21&22 ;gk¡ dk Û;k;rks*
gS a dfo Hkw " k.k rq y lhth egkjktA 'kCn ;kn j[kus ;ksX; gSA
^nhUgs m eksf g jkt cfjvkbZ& ^nhUgs m * dk ^nsf[k eksfg ft;¡ Hksn c<+kok& lqxhz oth dks ogk¡
rkRi;Z gS cyiw o Z d ns u k] ;kus bPNk ds ¼xqQk½ dh txg ;gk¡ flagkluk:< ns[k dj
fcuk ns u kA foHkh"k.kth dks jkt fryd ckyh dh lksp&o`fÙk gh nwf"kr gks xbZA tgk¡ HkkbZ
djrs gq ; s iz H kq us ;gh dgk Hkh gS ^^tnfi ds ukrs muesa FkksM+h cgqr Hkzkr` Lusg dh Hkkouk
l[kk ro bPNk ukgha ] eks j njlq Fkh] og Hkh frjksfgr gksdj eu esa 'k=qrk dk
veks / k tx ekgha * *A vkS j ogka Hkh xks L okeh Hkko iui x;kA flagklu ds dkj.k os mUgsa
us ^nhUgs m * in j[kk gS ^^tjr fcHkh"kuq izfr}Unh izrhr gksus yxsA vkSj lqj{kk dh n`f"V
jk[ks m ^nhUgs m * jktq v[k.M** 5@49A vkS j ls xqQk ij yxk;k gqvk iRFkj Hkh mUgsa ne ?kksV
^cfjvkbZ * dk 'kCnkFkZ rks cyiw o Z d ;k dj ekjus ds fy;s yxk;k x;k izrhr gqvk A
cykr~ gS ghA ;ks a Hkh lq x z h oth iz H kq ds
^Hksn c<+kok*& lqxhz oth dk ladrs gS fd Hksn rks Hkh vleatl esa gSa] Lo;a dh L=h dk gj.k] Lo;a
mlds ân; esa igys ls gh Fkk vc rks mldh gh dFku djuk yTtk tud o dkiq#"k dk;ksZa esa
ek=k c<+h gSA gSa] vr% dgw¡ u dgw¡ dh nqfo/kk esa iM+s gSaA var
;gk¡ êksfg* in ^êksg ldy C;f/kUg esa ;g lkspdj dgk gS fd izHkq dh fLFkfr Hkh
dj ewyk] frUg rs iqfu mitfga cgq lwyk**A esjs leku gh gS vkSj esjh ihM+k dk lgh
7@120@29 dh vksj /;kukd"kZ.k gsrq j[kk x;k vuqHko Hkh bUgsa gh gksxk] vr% /khjs ls ,dne
gSA oLrqr% iwjk ckyh izdj.k gh ^êSa v# eksj vUr esa ^v# ukjh* dgk gSA
rksj rSa ek;k tsfga cl dhUgs tho fudk;k**A rkdsa Hk; j?kqchj dìkyk A ldy Hkqou eSa
3@14@2 dk lqanj Hkk"; :id gSA ckyhth tc fQjm¡ fcgkyk AA
ek;koh ds ihNs nkSM+s rc êkRl;Z* Hkko Fkk vkSj gs j?kqohjth! gs dìkyq! ml Øwj ckyh ds Hk;
vc lqxhz oth dks ns[kk gS rks ^Hksn cqf)* c<+h ls eSa lEiw.kZ Hkwe.My esa fog~oy o O;kdqy
gSA vkSj vkxs buesa ^Øks/k] en] eksg vkSj gksdj fQjrk jgkA
vfHkeku* Hkh ns[kus dks feysxaAs ^rkdsa Hk; j?kqchj dìkyk& ^rkdsa Hk;* dgus dk
vfHkizk; gS fd mlds Mj ls lalkj Hkj esa eq>s
fjiq le eksfg ekjsfl vfr Hkkjh Agfj fdlh us Hkh izJ; ugha fn;kA vkuUn jkek;.k
yhUgsfl lcZlq v# ukjh AA esa o.kZu gS fd ckyh us Hkwe.My ds leLr ns'kksa
gs izHkks! mlus eq>s 'k=q ds leku dzwjrk esa f<a<ksjk fiVok fn;k Fkk fd tks dksbZ lqxhz o dks
ls ekjk vkSj cgqr 'kj.k nsxk og esjk vijk/kh gksxk vkSj mls ekj
vf/kd ekjk lkFk gh esjk loZLo ¼lc dqN½ Nhu Mkyk tk;sxk&
fy;k vkSj esjh L=h :ek dk Hkh gj.k dj ^^rr% l loZns'ks"kq okn;kekl nqUnqfHke~A
fy;kA HkwE;ka lqxhz o ikrk ;% l es o/;ks
^fjiq le eksfg ekjsfl vfr Hkkjh& Jhlqxhz oth Hkosfnfr**1@8@24vk-jk-A
ds dFku esa vxk/k nq%[k Hkjk gqvk gS] ,sls ^j?kqchj dìkyk*& ^rkdsa Hk;*¾ckyh ds Hk; ds
yxrk gS fd dksbZ jksrk gqvk O;fDr fgpdh ys lkFk ^j?kqohj dìkyk* dgus dk vfHkizk; gS fd
ysdj dg jgk gksA blhfy;s ;gk¡ lokan VqdM+ksa vki j?kqoaf'k;ksa esa Js"B ohj gksus ds lkFk gh
VqdM+ksa esa gSA igys mUgksaus ^fjiq le eksfg vR;Ur dìkyq Hkh gSA fdUrq ckyh esa ohjrk ds
ekjsfl* dgk rc iqu% ^vfr Hkkjh* dgk gSA lkFk mruh gh Øwjrk Hkh gSA blfy;s eq>s iRuh
^vfr Hkkjh* dgus esa lqxhz oth dks tks nnZ dh dks NksM+dj Hkkxuk iM+kA
vuqHkwfr gqbZ gS] og ge lHkh ds fy;s ^ldy Hkqou eSa fQjsm¡ fcgkyk& lqxhz oth lw;Ziq=
vdYiuh; gS D;ksafd ckyh ds ek= ,d ?k¡wls dks gSa budh Hkkxus dh xfr Hkh izdk'k ds leku
gh otz le dgk x;k gS êqf"V izgkj ctz le rst gS blh ls ckyh bUgsa vkt rd idM+ ugha
ykxk* vkSj ;gk¡ rks ^vfr Hkkjh* dgk x;k gS ik;sA ;gk¡ lqxhz oth dk Li"V vfHk;ksx gS fd
v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Hkh ?kw¡lksa ls ekjus dh ckr eq>ls ^lcZlq v# ukjh* Nhuus ds ckn Hkh ckyh
dgh x;h gsS ^êka fut?kku p eqf"VfHk%** dks lUrks"k ugha gqvkA os eq>s ejokus dk
4@1@55 v-jk-A fujUrj iz;Ru djrs jgrs gSaA blhfy;s muds
^gfj yhUgsfl lcZlq v# ukjh& yTtk vkSj 'kksd Hk; ls eSa ouksa vkSj leqnzksa lfgr leLr i`Foh
ds vkosx esa muls ^gjh* 'kCn Hkh iwjh rjg ij ekjk&ekjk fQjrk jgk gw¡&
mPpkfjr ugha gks ik;k gSA eq¡g ls gjh ds LFkku ^^rn~Hk;kPp egha lokZa ØkUroku~
ij ^gfj* gh fudyk gS] tcfd izHkq us rks cM+s louk.kZoke~**4@10@27 ok-jk-
ets esa dgk Fkk ^^bgk¡ ^gjh* fuflpj cSnsgh] fciz muds bl dFku ij ltx U;k;dÙkkZ dh
fQjfga ge [kksTkr rsgh**A D;ksafd lqxhz oth vHkh Hkk¡fr gh izHkq us iwN fy;k fd fQj ;gk¡ dSls
fVds gq;s gks \ D;k ckyh dk [krjk ;gk¡ ugha ejokus ds fy;s vius vuq;kf;;ksa dks Hkstrk
gS\ jgrk gSA
bgk¡ lki cl vkor ukgha A rnfi lHkhr ^rnfi lHkhr jgm¡ eu ekgha& blhfy;s guqeku
jgm¡ eu ekgha AA vkfn Js"B lfpoksa ds lax jg dj Hkh eSa bl
lqxzhoth us dgk gs dìkyq! ;gk¡ rks ckyh ou esa ckyh ls mf}Xu vkSj 'kafdr gksdj gh
erax _f"k ds 'kki ds dkj.k ugha vk ikrk gS] jgrk g¡w
rc Hkh vius eu esa rks eSa ges'kk gh Hk;Hkhr ^^mf}Xu% 'kafdrÜpkga fopjkfe egkousA
jgrk gw¡A vuqjDrSs%
^bgk¡ lki cl vkor ukgha& ckyh dks feys Jki lgkekR;SgZuqeRizeq[kSoZjS%**4@11@77ok-jk-A
dh dFkk okYehfd jkek;.k ds 11osa lxZ esa izzFke n`f"V esa rks eSus vkidks Hkh ckyh ds }kjk
fdafpr foLrkj ls gSA mldk lkjka'k gS fd Hksts gq;s dksbZ egkcyh gh le>us dk vijk/k
e;lqr ek;koh ftldh ppkZ vHkh gqbZ gS mldk fd;k FkkA
,d cM+k HkkbZ nqUnqfHk FkkA mlesa gtkj gkfFk;ksa lqfu lsod nq[k nhun;kyk A Qjfd mBha }S
dk cy FkkA viuh Js"Brk fl) djus ds fy;s Hkqtk fclkyk AA
ml enksUeÙk nkuo nqUnqfHk us fo'o ds lHkh nSU;?kkV ds vkpk;Z JhxksLokehth Hkh cksy
ukeh fxjkeh ijkØfe;ksa dks tkdj yydkjkA iM+s& lsod ds nq[k dks] HkDr dh O;Fkk dks
fdarq fdlhus Hkh mldh pqukSrh Lohdkj ugha dhA lqurs gh nhun;kyq dh nksuksa fo'kky Hkqtk;sa
cfYd lHkh us vius ls vU; dks Js"B crk dj ¼HkDrksa dk =kl gjus okyh vtku ckgq;sa½ QM+d
mls mlds ikl Hkst fn;kA vUrr% fgeokuth us mBhA
mls ckyh ls fHkM+us dk ijke'kZ fn;kA nqUnqfHk us ^lqfu lsod nq[k nhu n;kyk& izHkq rks lqxhz oth
;gk¡ vkdj ckyh dks yydkjkA vius LoHkko ls dks l[kk gh ekus gq;s gSaA vkxs lHkh txg l[kk
foo'k ,oa 'k=q dh yydkj dks dnkfi u lgu gh dgk gSA fdUrq xksLokehth tkurs gSa fd l[;
djus okyk ckyh] vUr%iqj ls ckgj fudy Hkko ls tho dk mruk fgr ;k m)kj lEHko
vk;kA nksuksa esa cM+k Hk;adj ;q) gqvkA ugha gS ftruk fd ^lsod* Hkko ls] mls
vrarksxRok ckyh us mls i`Foh ij iVd dj vuk;kl izkIr gks tkrk gS&^êkur lq[kq lsod
ihl MkykA vkSj vius cy dk izn'kZu djus ds lsodkbZ] lsod cSj cS# vf/kdkbZ**A 2@218@2
lsod /keZ viukrs gh izHkq dks HkDr ds lq[k
fy;s ml efg"k :fi nqUnqfHk ds Hkkjh 'kjhj dks
nq[k dh fpark gks tkrh gS] os mlds varjax
lhaxksa ls idM+ dj ,d ;kstu nwj mNky dj
fgrS"kh gks tkrs gSaA
Qsad fn;kA nqUnqfHk ds 'kjhj ls fudys jDr ds
^nhu n;kyk*& lqxhz oth nhu vlgk; gaS vkSj
NhVsa ;gka erax _f"k ds vkJe esa Hkh vkdj egf"kZ erax ds iq.; izrki ls] ckyh dks fn;s
iM+sA blls Øq) gksdj erax _f"k us ckyh dks 'kki ds dkj.k gh vc rd thfor gSaA lqxhz oth
Jki ns fn;k fd ;fn og bl vkJe esa ;k dh fLFkfr Li"V gksrs gh vFkkZr~ muls o` rkar
blds lehi Hkh vk;sxk rks mls vius izk.kksa ls lqurs&lqurs gh] nhu n;kyq d#.k jl ls] jkSnz
/kksuk iM+sxkA v/;kRe jkek;.k esa dgk gS fd bl jl esa vk x;s vkSj mudh ^^Qjfd mBh }sS
ioZr ij vkvksxs flj QV dj ej tkvksxs Hkqtk folkyk** nksuksa Hkqtk;sa QM+dus yxha ;kus
^br% ija HkXuf’kjk efj”;fl u fd Øks/kkrqj gks x;sA vkSj xksLokehth ds vuqlkj
la’k;%*4@1@67v-jk-A vLrq og Lo;a rks 'kki ;fn Hkko esa vkSj jl esa vikj Hksn ekywe iM+s
ds Hk; ls ;gk¡ vk ugha ikrk gS fdUrq eq>s rks le> ysa fd og dfork dk voxq.k ugha gS
cfYd ogk¡ fofo/k xq.kksa ls Hkjk izlax gS ^^Hkko
Hksn jl Hksn vikjk] dfcr nks"k xqu fcfc/k ckfy v# eS ^}kS HkkbZ**] ^^rss ^}kS ca/kq* rst cy
izdkjk**A1@8@10 vr% ;gk¡ Hkh fo'ks"krk gksuh lhok**] ^^ge ^}kS cU/kq* izFke r#ukbZ**A
gh pkfg;sA ;ksa ohj jl esa Hkh Hkqtk,¡ QM+dk djrh
yhyk&Hkko ls fopkj djsa rks loZleFkZ gSaA vkSj izHkq Hkh egkcyh ckyh dks ekjus ds
Jhjketh vkSj lnk'k;h lqxhz oth dh ifjfLFkfr fy;s d`r ladYi gSaA vr% bl vo/kkj.kk ls
vkSj eu%fLFkfr nksuksa ,d lh gaSA Jhxhrkth esa yksx ekurs gaS fd izHkq dh Hkqtk,a ohj jl esa
Hkxoku us dgk gS fd gs vtqZu! tks ;ksxh viuh QM+dh gSaA fdUrq /;ku jgs fd izHkq u rks ckyh
Hkk¡fr lEiw.kZ Hkwrksa esa le ns[krk gS vkSj lq[k ls ;q) djus tk jgs vkSj u gh lkfgR; ds
vFkok nq[k dks Hkh lcesa le ns[krk gS og ;ksxh vuqlkj ;s iafDr;ka ¼nhun;kyk in ds dkj.k½
ije Js"B ekuk x;k gS& ohj jl dh gh gaS vfirq ;gk¡ 'kq) ^jkSnz jl*
^^vkRekSiE;su loZ= lea i';fr;ks·tqZuA gSA
lq[ka ok ;fn ok nq[ka l ;ksxh ijeks nksgk&lquq lqxzho ekfjgm¡ ckfyfg ,dfga
er%**AA6@32 Jhxhrkth ckuA
lartuksa dk dguk gS fd yhyk/kkjh us jkekorkj
czã :nz ljukxr x,¡ u mcfjfga izku
esa pfj= dks thoUr fd;k gS vkSj d`".kkorkj esa
mls ok.kh iznku dhA blhfy;s fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa AA6AA
Hkkxor o xhrk ds vusdkusd mnkgj.k feyrs Hkkofoày gksdj izHkq mcy iM+s] lquks
gSaA lqxhz o! ckyh dks rks vc eSa gh ek:¡xk] og Hkh
^Qjfd mBh }S Hkqtk fclkyk& lHkh izlaxksa ds ,d gh ck.k lsA czãk vkSj #nz dh 'kj.kkxr
izkjEHk esa gh xksLokehth us izlaxkuqdy w tkus ij Hkh vc mlds izk.k ugha cpsxaAs
'kdqu&fopkj ds ladr s fd;s gSa vFkkZr vkxkeh ^lquq lqxzho ekfjgm¡& vius gh iwr dh djrwrksa
ifj.kke dks lwfpr fd;k gSA tSls L=h dk ck;k ls vkgr gqbZ ekrk,a ftl izdkj xqgkjdÙkkZ dks
vax vkSj iq#"k dk nkfguk vax QM+duk 'kqHk ljks"k vk'oklu nsrh gSa fd eSa Lo;a gh mls
ekuk x;k gS] vkSj blds foijhr QM+dus ij vkt ek:axh] ogh Hkko ;gkWa êkfjgm¡* in dk
v'kqHk ekus x;s gSaA blfy;s tc fdf"dU/kk ls gSA fonqj uhfr esa dgk x;k gS fd v/kfeZ;ksa esa
okuj lsuk us iz;k.k fd;k rks fy[kk feysxk& ;fn viuk Hkh dksbZ O;fDr gks] rks n.M dk
^îzHkq iz;ku tkuk cSnsgh] ^Qjfd cke v¡x* tuq izko/kku lcls igys mlds fy;s gh gksuk pkfg;sA
dfg nsghaA blh fo/kku ls gh izHkq us jko.k ds igys vius
tksb tksb lxqu tkufdfg gksbZA vlxqu Hk;m jkoufg gh nsok¡'k ls mits ckyh dks ltk lqukbZ gSA ;gk¡
lksbZ**A5@34@7 laokn lgh Øe esa ugha gS] êkfjgm¡* igys
vFkkZr~ lhrkth ds leku jko.k ds Hkh mPpkfjr gks x;k gS] tSls dksbZ mRrsftr gksdj
ck;sa vax QM+ds gSa] vr% mlds fy;s ifj.kke cksyrk gsSA
U;s"B fudykA p¡wfd ;gk¡ Hkh izHkq dh nksuksa ^,dfga cku* jko.k ckyh dh dk[k esa jgk] ;kus
Hkqtk;sa ,d lkFk QM+dha gSa] vr% ifj.kke leku ckyh ls detksj Fkk] mls ekjus esa gh izHkq us
;k U;s"B gh dgk tk;sxkA Lo;a ns[k ysa] foVi vusdkusd ck.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA vfUre
vksV ekjus ds dkj.k izHkq ij vkt Hkh vk{ksi le; esa rks mUgsa ,d lkFk bdÙkhl ck.k pykus
fd;s tkrs gSaA vkSj ckyh us rks izHkq ds eqag ij iM+s Fks ^^[kSafp ljklu Jou yfx NkMs+ ^lj
gh dg fn;k êkjsgq eksfg C;k/k dh ukbZ*A ,drhl**6@102A rc jketh us ckyh ds fy;s
/;kukd"kZ.k ds vFkZ ls gh xksLokehth us ;gk¡ ^}kS gh êkfjgm¡ ,dfga cku* dh izfrKk D;ksa dh \
Hkqtk* ds LFkku ij ^}S Hkqtk* dgk gS vU;Fkk bls le>us ds iwoZ ;fn xksLokehth ds 'kCnksa esa
lHkh txg ^}kS* 'kCn gh iz;qDr fd;s gSa& ^ûkFk gh ck.k dh ifjHkk"kk le> ysa rks Hkko T;knk
lqLi"V gksxk&
^^yo fues"k ijekuq tqx cj"k dyi lj tks fe= ds nq%[k ls O;fFkr ugha gksrs
¼ck.k½ paM**A mu difV;ksa dks ns[kus ek= ls cM+k Hkkjh iki
Hktfl u eu rsfg jke dks dkyq tklq dks yxrk gS] ujd xkeh gksuk iM+rk gSA
naM**AA6@1 ^ts u fe= nq[k gksfga nq[kkjh& Jhthokpk;Z
vFkkZr~ yo] fufe"k] ijek.kq tSlh lw{e vof/k o guqekuth us jketh vkSj lqxhz oth esa] ^f'ko*
o"kZ ;qx vkSj dYi tSlh nh?kZ vof/k gh ftuds vkSj ^tho* esa] eS=h LFkkfir djkrs le; ogh
izp.M ck.k gSaA vkSj dky:fi n.M gh ftudk i)fr iz;qDr dh gS tks fd ,d oSfnd fookg esa
/kuq"k gSA gs eu! rw mu Jhjketh dk Hktu D;ksa dh tkrh gS ^îkod lk[kh nsb dfj tksjh izhfr
ugha djrk\ ;gk¡ ^,dfga cku* dk rkRi;Z gS fd n`<+kbZ**A oLrqr% lalkj esa ;gh îfr&iRuh* dk
ckyh dk dky foikd gks x;k gS] mldh ,d lEcU/k ,slk gS] ftlesa ru nks gksrs gq;s Hkh
le;kof/k iwjh gks xbZ] ck.k rks dsoy dky mu nksuksa dk ikjLifjd fgr ,d gksrk gS vkSj
dofyr djkus dk cgkuk gS] ek/;e gSA lq[k nq[k Hkh mu nksuksa dks ,d leku gh Hkklrk
^czã :nz ljukxr x,¡* & f=nsoksa esa ;gk¡ gSA eS=h lEcU/k dks Hkh mruk gh ifo= ekurs
Hkxoku fo".kq dk uke ugha fy;k x;k gS tSslkfd gq;s] izHkq us ml pfj= dks ;gk¡ pfjrkFkZ fd;k
lc txg gksrk gS ^^jke fcjks/k u mcjfl lju gSA vxyh iafDr;ksa esa] izHkq ds eq[kkjfoUn ls
fc”.kq vt bZl**] laHkor% Jhjketh Lo;a gh fuLl`r] fe= ds y{k.kksa dh ,slh vHkwriwoZ]
fo".kq ds vorkj gSaA ;k fQj ,d ladr s ;g Hkh vf}rh; ifjHkk"kk vU;= xzUFkksa esa feyuk
gS fd mlds fy;s vHkh Hkh 'kj.kkxfr dk ekxZ vlEHko gSA
cUn ugha gqvk gS] izHkq us mlds fy, ,d BkSj ^frUgfg fcyksdr ikrd Hkkjh& îkrd* dk
NksM+ j[kh gSA vc vki ml fjDr LFkku esa uke 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS tks nq"deZ uhps ls uhpk fxjk
pkgs fo".kq dk yxk ysa ;k Jhjke dk] nksuksa ,d ns] 'kkL=kksa ds vuqlkj ujd esa igqapk ns mls
gh ckr gSA izHkq dh ok.kh gS& ^^dksfV fciz c/k ikrd dgrs gSaA 'kkL=ksa esa ^fe= nzksgs p ikrde~*
ykxfg tkgw] vk,¡ ^lju* rtm¡ ufga rkgw**A dgk Hkh x;k gSA ogk¡ ik¡pksa desZfUnz;ksa ls gksus
5@43@1 vkSj 'kj.kkxfr ikus ds fy;s ckyh dk okys vusdkusd ikiksa dk o.kZu gSA ekul esa Hkh
vijk/k blls dnkfi xaHkhj ugha gSA Hkjrth ds izlax esa bldk lVhd vkSj lfoLrkj
^:nz*& jkSnz jl dh vksj /;ku fnykus ds fy;s o.kZu gS&
gh ;gkWa f'ko ¼tksfd mPpkj.k esa Hkh lgt gS½ u ^^ts ikrd mi ikrd vggha] dje cpu eu Hko dfc
dg dj ^:nz* dgk gSA ^ljukxr* dgghaA
¼'kju$vkxr½ dk vFkZ gS 'kj.k esa vkuk vkSj rs ikrd eksfg gksgq¡ fc/kkrk] tkSa ;gq gksb eksj er
^x,¡* ekus tkuk] nksuksa ,d lkFk iz;qDr djus ekrk**A 2@166@8
dk rkRi;Z gS fd czãk egs'k Hkh 'kj.k esa vkdj fdUrq ;gk¡ ppkZ fe=rk dk <ksax Hkjus okys
dgsa] ckyh dh flQkfj'k djsa rks Hkh ugha pysxk eryfc;ksa dh gSA izHkq dk dguk gS fd ,sls
vkSj og ;fn mudh 'kj.k esa tk;sxk rc Hkh <ksaxh fe=ksa dk eqg¡ rkdus ij ?kksj ujd dk
mlds izk.k ugha cpsaxAs izHkq ds eq[k ls vdLekr izkIr gksuk lqfuf'pr gSA blh rF; dks vki
fu%l`r bu opuksa dks lqudj lqxhz oth lesr HkkSfrd dlkSVh ij dldj ns[k ysaA fdlh us
lkjk okuj lekt gh ^grizHk* jg x;kA rc ;fn ,sls gh <ksaxh fe= ds vkljs ij dksbZ
Li"Vhdj.k nsrs gq;s jketh us dgk fd& dk;kZjEHk fd;k gks rks mldk tks nq”k%ifj.kke
ts u fe= nq[k gksfga nq[kkjh A frUgfg gqvk mls ;kn djuk gh i;kZIr gksxkA
fcyksdr ikrd Hkkjh AA ^fcyksdr*& foHkh"k.kth dh 'kj.kkxfr ds izlax esa
Hkh ;g ^fcyksdr* in vk;k gSA ogk¡ Hkh dgus
okys izHkq gh gSa vkSj Jksrk lekt Hkh yxHkx
;gh gS ^^ljukxr dgq¡ ts rtfga ftu vufgr ^fe=d nq[k jt es# lekuk& ,slk ugha gS fd
vuqekfu] rs uj iko¡j ikie; frUgg ^fcyksdr* fe= oRly izHkq us vius l[kkvksa dh foifÙk;ksa
gkfu**A5@43 fdUrq ogk¡ mls îkrd Hkkjh* ugha dk fujkdj.k dsoy ckrksa ls] fpUrk O;Dr djds
dgdj îkie;* o ^gkuh* vFkkZr viuh ;'k ;k dsoy gfFk;kj mBk djds gh fd;k gksA
dhfrZ ds fy;s cV~Vk dgk gSA ;gk¡ ^ts* vkSj Jhjketh us rks mudh ?kksj foinkvksa dks Lo;a ds
^frUgfg* ;s nksuksa cgqopu gSaA rkRi;Z gS fd 'kjhj ij Hkh >syk gSA ;g Hkh yadk ;q) dk
lalkj esa bl izdkj ds diVh fe=ksa dh gh izlax gS tc f[kflvk, gq;s jko.k us foHkh"k.kth
cgqrk;r gS] vktdy rks bUgha dk tekuk gS ij dky ds leku Hk;kud 'kfDr NksM+ nh Fkh
fdUrq =srk esa ugha Fks] ekul esa rks dnkfi ugha rc vius l[kk dks ihNs djds izHkq us Lo;a ml
feysax&s 'kfDr dks >syk gS&
fut nq[k fxfj le jt dfj tkuk A ^^rqjr fcHkh"ku ikNs esyk] lUeq[k jke lgsm
fe=d nq[k jt es# lekuk AA lksb lsyk**A 6@93@2
izHkq dgrs gSa fd tks vius ioZr ds ftUg dsa vfl efr lgt u vkbZA rs lB
leku Hkkjh nq%[k dks /kwy dh d.k ds leku dr gfB djr ferkbZAA
lk/kkj.k ekusa vkSj vius fe= ds d.k ek= nq%[k ftUgsa ,slh euksc`fÙk ¼fe= ds d.k ek=
dks Hkh lqes# ioZr ds leku Hkkjh tkus vkSj ds nq%[k dk Hkh fuokj.k djus dh mRdV Hkkouk½
mlds fuokj.k gsrq iz;kl djasA lgt LoHkko esa ugha feyh gS] os dqfVy ân;
^fut nq[k fxfj le jt dfj tkuk& Jhjketh okys D;ksa fdlh ls gBiwoZd fe=rk djrs gSaA
ds thou esa ,sls vusd izlax gSa] ftuesa os Lo;a D;ksa fdlh fe= dks /kks[ks esa j[krs gsaSA
bl dlkSfV ij dls x;s gSa vkSj mUgsa vius ^ftUg dsa vfl efr lgt u vkbZ& ^lgt efr*
Hkkjh nq%[k dks Hkqykuk iM+k gSA bl le; Hkh] ls rkRi;Z gS Lo;a LQwrZ ¼gkfnZd½ eukso`fRr gksuh
lqxhz oth vius jkT; esa pkfg;sA u rks og fdlh ds vkns'k ls ;k izsj.kk
fdf"dU/kk uxjh ds lehi gSa] mudh iRuh #ek ls izsfjr gks] u gh mlesa yksd fn[kkok gks] vkSj
jktegy esa gSa] vuqekur% lq[kh gh gksxhaA vkSj u gh fdlh izdkj dh LokFkZ dh Hkkouk gh gksA
izHkq rks v;ks/;k ls lSdM+ksa dksl nwj gSa] mUgsa ,slh erh uSlfxZd vFkkZr~ tUe&tkr gh gksrh gS]
bldh Hkh tkudkjh ugha gSa fd oSnsghth dgk¡ gSa blfy;s ^vkbZ* in dgk x;kA
dSlh voLFkk esa gSaA thfor Hkh gSa ;k ugha] ;s ^rs lB dr gfB djr ferkbZ*& izHkq us blds
lc ckrsa vKkr gaSA fdUrq ;gk¡ Hkh izHkq dks iwoZ bu <ksaxh fe=ksa ds n'kZu ek= ls ?kksj ujd
fpUrk lqxhz oth dh gh gSA xksLokehth us fou; feyus dh dgh FkhA ;gk¡ ^rs lB dr* ds }kjk
if=dk ds in ^tkur izhfr jhfr j?kqjkbZ* esa mu nqcqZf);ksa dks bl ?kksj ujd ls cpus ds
bldk mYys[k djrs gq;s dgk gS ^^fr; fcjgh fy;s lko/kku fd;k gSA pw¡fd ^lgt efr*
lqxzho l[kk yf[k] izku fiz;k fcljkbZ**A bldh ¼tUetkr efr½ okyk fe= Hkko muesa vk gh
vxyh iafDr esa nwljs l[kk foHkh"k.kth ds fy;s ugha ldrk ijUrq os fe=rk ds /kks[ks esa fcxkM+sa]
Hkh fpUrk lek;h gqbZ gSA izlax yadk ;q) dk gS dels de bl ikrd ls rks cp tk;sa j[ksa vr%
tc es?kukn dh ohj ?kkfruh ls y{e.kth ^dr gfB djr ferkbZ* dk mins’k fd;k gSA
ej.kklUu gks x;s rc izHkq dks vius HkkbZ ls Hkh ;gk¡ rd rks izHkq us fe= ds nks"k crk;s gSa]
vf/kd fpark l[kk foHkh"k.kth dks ysdj gqbZA vxyh pkSikb;ksa esa fe= /keZ vFkok fdl izdkj
D;ksafd foHkh"k.kth us izHkq ds vkljs ij gh yadk ds O;fDr ls fe=rk djuh pkfg;s ;g crk;k gSA
dk ifjR;kx dj fn;k FkkA vc mldk D;k gksxk dqiFk fuokfj lqiaFk pykok A xqu izxVS
^^ju ij;ks ca/kq] fcHkh"ku gh dks lksp] ân; voxqufUg nqjkok AA
vf/kdkbZ**A fo-i-164@3
fe= dk /keZ gS fd og vius fe= dks dqiaFk ls ^lksbZ djrwfr fcHkh"ku dsjhA* mUgsa fVIi.kh djuh
gVkdj lUekxZ ij pyk;sA tgk¡ volj ik;s Hkh blfy, iM+ xbZ fd ekul ^jkek;u lr
fe= ds xq.kksa dks izdk'k esa yk;s ¼mls izksRlkfgr dksfV vikjk* esa of.kZr ?kVukdze ds vk/kkj ij
djs½ fdUrq mlds voxq.kksa dks tx&tkfgj u jpk x;k gS vr% muds Hkkoksa dk lEeku djuk
djs] mUgsa Nqik;s] rkfd fe= O;FkZ migkl dk Hkh vko’;d FkkA ijUrq fVIif.k;ksa esa Hkh mUgksaus
ik= u gksus ikosA cM+h lko/kkuh cjrh gSA ckyh ds fy;s ftls iki
^dqiFk fuokfj lqiaFk pykok& ekul esa dke] ¼v?k½ dgk x;k gS ogha lqxhz oth ds fy;s
dzks/k] en] yksHkkfn o`fÙk;ksa dks viukuk gh ^dqpky* vkSj fcHkh"kuth ds fy, flQZ ^djrwfr*
dqiaFk&ujd ds ekxZ ij ix /kjuk dgk gS ^dke gh jg xbZ A djrwfr in dk vFkZ dsoy cqjs
dzks/k en yksHk lc ukFk ujd ds iaFk*5@38A deZ ugha gSa cfYd ;g Hkjrth ds lkFk Hkh
vkSj ;g furkUr lR; gS fd O;fDr dqfe= ;k iz;qDr gqvk gS&
dqlax ds dkj.k gh dqiaFk ij ikao /kjrk gS vkSj ^^x, vo/k pj Hkjr xfr] cwf> nsf[k
thou tksf[ke esa Mky ysrk gS&^^dfBu dqlax ^djrwfr**2@271
dqiaFk djkyk] fruds cpu ck?k gfj ^^Hkjr pfjr dhjfr ^djrwrh*]/kje lhy xqu
C;kyk**1@37@7A fcey fcHkwrh** 1@287@7
ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa ds vuqlkj lqxzhoth blhfy, vxyh gh iafDr esa xksLokehth us
gh vxys tUe esa d.kZ gq, FksA tgk¡ mUgksaus Lo;a bldk iVk{ksi djrs gq, dgk gS fd Jhjketh ds
rks bl fe= /keZ dk ikyu vkn'kZ jhfr ls ân; esa rks ;s lc voxq.k LoIu esa Hkh ugha
fd;k gS] bls vuNqbZ Å¡pkb;ksa rd igq¡pk;k gS( vk;s vfirq mUgksaus rks jktlHkk esa muds xq.kksa
ijUrq vius fe= nq;ksZ/ku ls bl /keZ ds nwljs dk gh c[kku fd;k gS ^liusgq lks u jke fg;¡
i{k ^dqiFk fuokfj lqiaFk pykok* dk vuqikyu gsjh*A ^^rs Hkjrfga HksaVr luekusA jktlHkk
ugha djok ik;sA vFkkZr~ u rks mls dqekxZ ls j?kqchj c[kkus**1@28@7&8A
gVk ik;s u gh lUekxZ ij pyk ik;sA nksuksa esa nsr ysr eu lad u /kjbZ A cy vuqeku
gh foQy jgus ds dkj.k dkSjo dqy ds uk'k esa lnk fgr djbZ AA
budh Hkh Hkkxhnkjh ekuh x;h gSA blhfy, izHkq fe= ds drZO;ksa dh foospuk djrs gq;s izHkq us
us lqfe= dk igyk drZO; gh dqekxZ ls cpkdj dgk fd lqfe= ogh gS tks fe= dks dksbZ Hkh
^lqiaFk* ;kus Jqfr lEer oSfnd ekXkZ ij pykus oLrq nsus es ¼nsus dh Hkkouk igys dgh gS½ vkSj
dk crk;k gS& ^pyfga Lo/keZ fujr Jqfr mlls dqN Hkh ysus esa] euesa 'kadk gh u j[ks]
uhrh*7@20@2A lkFk gh vius cykcy dk vuqeku yxkdj
^xqu izxVS voxqufUg nqjkok& jketh us gh ;g vFkkZr~ Lo;a dh lEiw.kZ {kerk ds vuq:i vius
v/kZkyh vkxs v{kj'k% lqxhz oth vkSj foHkh"k.kth fe= dk lnSo dY;k.k djrk jgs A
ij pfjrkFkZ dh gSA v;ks/;k ig¡qp dj izHkq us ^nsr ysr eu lad u /kjbZ& Jhjketh us tSlk
of'k"Bth ds le{k vius l[kkvksa ds xq.kksa dk dgk Bhd mlh Hkk¡fr mldk fuokZg Hkh fd;k gSA
gh c[kku fd;k gS& igys lqxhz oth dks jkT;] lEifRr] L=h vkfn
^^, lc l[kk lqugq eqfu esjs] Hk;s lej lkxj fnyokbZ] muds lq[kksa dk izcU/k igys fd;k rc
dg¡ csjsA mlls lgk;rk yh A
ee fgr ykfx tUe bUg gkjs]Hkjrgq rs eksfg vf/kd fivkjsA** ^lad u /kjbZ*& dk vfHkizk; gS fd eSa bldk
7@7@7&8 dk;Z lEiknu dj jgk gw¡ rks ;g vkxs esjk
oLrqr% izHkq us fe= /keZ ds dkj.k buds voxq.kksa dk;Z djsxk ;k ugha] vFkok dj ikosxk ;k ugha
dks nqjk;k gSA fdUrq xksLokehth dks izfrdwy bl izdkj dh 'kadk Hkh eu esa u vkus ikosA
fVIif.k;k¡ ntZ djuh i³ha ^^tsfga v?k c/ksm C;k/k
ftfe ckyh] fQfj lqdB a lksbZ dhfUg dqpkyh**A
^cy vuqeku lnk fgr djbZ& vius ikl tSlk Nk¡g Nqb ysbv lhapk**A fdUrq buds lax lHkh us
Hkh cy gks] fo|k dk] cqf) dk] /ku dk] ijkØe O;ogkj lar fe=ksa tSlk gh fd;k gSA xys feyus
dk ;k ifjokj dk] bu lcdk mi;ksx fe= ds dk rkRi;Z gh gS cjkcj dk lEeku iznku
fgrksa dks lk/kus esa djsaA vkSj og Hkh viuh djukA vkSj czãKkuh of'k"Bth us Hkh bUgsa
lEiw.kZ {kerk dk vkadyu djds djasA D;ksafd yid dj xys yxk;k gS ^^jke l[kk fjf"k
ladV ds le; fe= dks Lo;a dh {kerk dk gh cjcl HksVk] tuq efg yqVr lusg
cks/k ugh jg ikrk gS] mlds fgrS"kh gh mldk lesVk**2@242@6A
ekxZ n'kZu djrs gSa tSlk fd tkeoarth dks Hkjrth dks rks izHkq dh ijNkabZ gh ekuk x;k
guqekuth ds foLe`r cy dh ;kn djkuh iM+h& gS ^Hkjrfg tkfu jke ifjNkgh*2@265@4
^^dk pqi lkf/k jgsgq cyokuk] iou ru; mUgksaus fu"kknjktth dks iw.kZr;k lar fe= dk gh
cy iou lekuk**A lEeku iznku fd;k gSA igys rks os muls cM+s
fcifr dky dj lrxqu usgk A Jqfr dg izse ls xys feys ^rsfg Hkfj vad jke y?kq Hkzkrk*
lar fe= xqu ,gk AA vkSj blds ckn mUgksaus buls dq'ky] lqeaxy
vkSj vPNs&lar fe= rks foifÙk ds le; ;k vkSj {kse ;s rhu ckras gh iwNh gSa ^^jke l[kfg
dkyxzLrkoLFkk esa vius fe= ls lkSxquk Lusg fefy Hkjr lizsek] iw¡Nh dqly lqeaxy
djrs gSA osn&Jqfr;ksa vkSj larksa dk dguk gS [ksek**2@194@3A Hkjrth ds iwNus esa tks xw<+
fd lar fe= esa ;s xq.k lgt :i esa Hkko fNik gqvk gS mls vki vkS'kul Le`fr ds
fo|eku jgrs gSaA bl 'yksd ls tku ldrs gSa&
^fcifr dky dj lr xqu usgk& izHkq dks ;gk¡ ^^czkã.ka dq'kya izPNsr] {kf=;a
vius l[kk fu"kknjktth dh vo'; ;kn vkbZ pkI;uke;e~A
gSA D;ksafd tSls gh xqgjkt dks izHkq ds vkxeu oS'; {ksea lekxE; 'kwnzdk vkjksX; eso
dh] muds ouokl dh tkudkjh gqbZ os Lo;a pAA
ifjtuksa lfgr vxokuh dss fy;s mifLFkr gks x;s vFkkZr% czkã.k ls dq'ky] {kf=; ls ikfjokfjd
Fks vkSj mUgksaus viuk LkoZLo izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa esa eaxy ¼vuke;a½] oS'; ls O;oklf;d lq[k ¼{kse½
vfiZr dj dg fn;k fd eSa lifjokj vkidh vkSj 'kwnz ls vkjksX;rk iwNuh pkfg;sA vkSj
Vgy pkdjh esa gkftj gw¡ ^^nso Hkjrth us budh vkjksX;rk iwNh gh ugha] blh
/kjuh /ku /kke rqEgkjk] eSa tuq uhpq lfgr ls tuk fn;k fd vki 'kwnzksa esa ugha oju larksa
ifjokjk**2@88A vkSj muds le{k ,d fLFkfr esa gSaA izHkq dks ,sls lar fe= dh ;kn vkuh
,slh Hkh cuh fd izHkq dks eukus tc Hkjrth LoHkkfod gh gSA
fp=dwV tk jgs Fks rc bUgsa ,slk Hkze gks x;k bu rhu pkSikb;ksa esa izHkq us lar fe=ksa ds /keZ
fd Hkjrth izHkq dks ekj dj fu"daVd jkt crk;s gSa vc vkxs vkt ds tekus ds dqfe=ksa
djus ds fy;s gh] lsuk dks ysdj fudys gq;s gSa dk o.kZu lquk jgs gSa&
^^tkufga lkuqt jkefg ekjh djm¡ vdaVd jktq vkxas dg e`nq cpu cukbZ A ikNsa vufgr
lq[kkjh**] ml le; bUgksaus izHkq ds fy;s Lo;a ds eu dqfVykbZ AA
izk.kksa dks gh mRlxZ djus dh Bku yh& gs lqxhz o! tks lkeus rks pkVqdkfjrk djs] ehBs
^^lueq[k yksg Hkjr lu ysÅ¡] ftvr u lqjlfj mrju nsÅ¡** dksey opu cuk&cuk dj dgs vkSj ihB ihNs
2@189@2A vdkj.k vfgr djrk jgs D;ksafd mlds eu esa
^Jqfr dg lar fe= xqu ,gk& dgus dks rks dqfVykbZ gSA
fu"kknjktth us Lo;a dks ûhpq* dgk gh gS] ^vkxsa dg e`nq cpu cukbZ& vkt rks lalkj esa
ekul esa Hkh buls Nw tkus ij Luku djus dh lokZf/kd yksx ckrksa ls csodwQ cukus okys vkSj
dgh gS ^^yksd csn lc Hkk¡frfga ûhpk*] tklq pkVqdkfjrk ds }kjk viuk dk;Z lk/kus okys gh
feysxaAs fdUrq ,sls diVh dqfe=ksa dk dksbZ Hkh lax ifjR;kx djus esa gh HkykbZ gS rHkh dY;k.k
mnkgj.k iwjs ekul esa ns[kus dks ugha feyrk] lEHko gSA
laHkor% iwjs =srk;qx esa gh ,sls dqfe= ugha jgs ^tk dj fpr vfg xfr le HkkbZ& liZ dh
gksxaAs ;ksa rks ekul esa ,d diVh eqfu ^,druq* uSlfxZd xfr oØ vkSj mldk LoHkko Mlus dk
gh ekuk x;k gSA fdUrq tc mldk LokFkZ gksrk
gSa] mldk ,d fe= Hkh gS ^dkydsrq*] ftls
gS ;kus mls vius fcy esa tkuk gks ;k fQj
egkdiV tkuus okyk Hkh dgk x;k gSA fdUrq fdlh dks Mluk gks rc og lh/kk gks tkrk gSA
xksLokehth us bls diVh fe=ksa dh txg ije mlh izdkj tc nq"V O;fDr dk viuk LokFkZ
fe=ksa dh Js.kh iznku dh gS& gksrk gS rc og e`nq cpu cuk dj cksyrk gSA
^îje fe= rkil uì dsjk] tkub lks vfr blhfy;s jko.k ekjhp ds izlax esa xksLokehth us
diV ?kusjk**A fVIi.kh djh gS fd tc vad'q k] /kuq"k] liZ vkSj
D;ksafd ;g fe= dks lq[k igw¡pkus okyksa esa ls gS& flag >qda]s uezrk fn[kk;sa rks tku yks fd vR;Ur
nq%[knk;h gS&
^^rkil uì fut l[kfg fugkjh] gjf"k feysm
^ûofu uhp dS vfr nq[kbkbZ] ftfe vadql /kuq
mfB Hk;m lq[kkjh**1@170@1A
mjx ¼liZ½ fcykbZ**] ^Hk;nk;d [ky dS fiz;
fe= dks lq[kh djus ds fy;s blus ljdkj
ckuh*A3@23@7&8
cudj vius izk.k ladV esa Mkys ^tsfga lwdj
;gk¡ ^HkkbZ* dgus dk vfHkizk; gS fd ;fn ,slh
gksb uìfga Hkqykok* vkSj izrkiHkkuq ds ;gk¡ Hkh o`fÙk Lo;a vius HkkbZ esa Hkh gks rks mldk Hkh
mijksfgr :i esa Lo;a gh x;k ^vkiq fcjfp ifjR;kx dj nsuk pkfg;sA tc foHkh"k.kth jko.k
mijksfgr :ik*A dks NksM+ dj pys vk;s rc izHkq us mls nq"V lax
ekrk dSdbZ us eUFkjk dks l[kh ekuk gS dk R;kx gh dgk gS ^nq"V lax tfu nsb
^dkg djkSa lf[k lw/k lqHkkÅ*2@19@8 vkSj fc/kkrk*A
eUFkjk dks dqfVyksa dh f'kjksef.k Hkh dgk x;k gS ^vl dqfe= ifjgjsfg HkykbZ& izHkq us rks ;gk¡
^^y[kfg u Hkwi diV prqjkbZ] dksfV dqfVy efu liZ o`fÙk okys ?kkrd fe= ;k HkkbZ dk ifjR;kx
xq# i<kbZ**2@26@6A fdUrq mlus dSd; s hth ds djus dh dgh gSA fdUrq _xosn dh _pk esa rks
fgrkFkZ gh yxh pqiM+h fl[kkbZ FkhA mlesa mldk dgk x;k gS fd tks vius fe= dks ekaxus ij
Lo;a dk dksbZ LokFkZ ugha Fkk mldh erh rks ^nsos* ugha og mldk fe= ugha gS mldk R;kx
'kkjnk us Qsj nh Fkh ^^vtl isVkjh rkfg dfj dj vU; dh 'kj.k ysuh pkfg;s&
xbZ ^fxjk* efr Qsfj** 2@12A ^û l l[kk ;ks u ^nnkfr* l[;s lpk Hkqos
xksLokehth ds o.kZukuqlkj jko.k ds lpekuk; fiRo%A
lHkkln vkSj lfpo e`nq opu cukdj vikLekr~ izs;kUu rnks dks vfLr
pkVqdkfjrk djus okyksa esa ls gSa ^vLrqfr djfg i`.kUreU;e'kj.ka fpfnPNsrAA
lqukb lqukbZ* fdUrq mUgksaus ogha ij fy[k fn;k
fd os cspkjh rks Hk; vkSj vkl ds ekjs ,slk 10@117@4
dj jgs gSa ^fiz; cksyfga Hk; vkl* 5@37 nsus dh ,slh egÙkk dk dkj.k gS fd lr;qx
rkRi;Z gS fd =srk;qx esa ,sls dqfVy diVh fe= =srk;qx ds yksx ekaxus ij vius ^ru* dks Hkh
ugha FksA Hk{;:i esa ns nsrs Fks ^^flfc n/khfp cfy tks
tk dj fpr vfg xfr le HkkbZ A vl dNq Hkk"kk] ^ruq /kuq rtsm* cpu iuq
jk[kk**A2@29@7 ekul ds Jhguqekuth o
dqfe= ifjgjsfga HkykbZ AA lqjlk ds izalx esa Hkh lqjlkth Hk{; ds :i esa
;ksa le>ks fd ftldh fpr o`fÙk liZ dh
mudk 'kjhj gh rks ekax jgh Fkh ^^vkt lqjUg
pky ds leku Vs<h gS ;kus efr esa dqfVykbZ
eksfg nhfUg vgkjk] lqur cpu dg iou
:ih fo"k Hkjk gSA gs HkkbZ ! ,sls nq"V fe= dk
dqekjk**A ;gk¡ Hkh iouiq= us badkj ugha fd;k] vk'oLr fd;k gS fd eSa bu lcls ijs vkSj
Lo;a dks gh izLrqr dj fn;k ^^xzlfl u eksfg loksZifj gw¡A ¼l[kk* dk Hkko dì;k ^l[kk cpu
dgsm guqekuk**5@1@6A lqfu gj”ksa* nksgk5 esa ns[k ysaA½ izHkq us ^cy eksjs*
lsod lB uì dìu dqukjh A diVh fe= esa blh Hkko dks vkSS j lqLi"V fd;k gSA vfHkizk;
lwy le pkjh AA gS fd esjs cy ij fuf'par gks tkvks] vU;
ftuls fuR; O;ogkj djuk iM+rk gS fpUrkvksa dks NksM+ esjk fpUru Hktu djksA
vkSj tks fe= ds leku gh lq[k nq[k igWaqpkrs gSa oLrqr% tho Lo;a ds lkeF;Z ij Lo;a dh gh
mudk o.kZu djrs gq;s izHkq us dgk fd gs lqxhz o! fpUrkvksa ls dHkh Hkh eqDr ugha gks ikrk gSA
ew[kZ lsod] datwl jktk] dqyVk L=h vkSj diVh pw¡fd lqxhz oth us izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa esa vk'oklu
fe= ;s pkjksa gh 'kwy ds leku ihM+k igw¡pkus :fi iq"i p<+k;s Fks ^rtgq lksp eu vkugq
okys gSaA /khjk* mlh ij jh> dj izHkq us ^l[kk lksp
^lsod lB uì dìu dqukjh& lsod ;fn ew[kZ R;kxgq cy eksjs* dk opu fn;k gSA êksjs* in esa
vkSj voKk djus okyk fey tk;s ^^mr# nsb
Li"V ,s'o;Z Hkko dk fnx~n'kZu gSA ;ksa Hkh
lqfu Lokfe jtkbZ] lks lsodq yf[k ykt
xksLokehth dh Hkk"kk esa tho dks ,d ek= izHkq
ytkbZ**2@268@5 rks mlls lsok dk;Z djkuk
d"V dkjh gSA jkT; dk jktk LoHkko ls datwl ds cy dk gh Hkjkslk j[kuk pkfg,& ^^,d
gks rks fodkl vkSj lq/kkj dk;ksZ ds vHkko esa Hkjkslks ,d cy ,d vkl fcLoklA
ukxfjdksa dk thou fuokZg gksuk dfBu gSA Lo;a ,d jke /ku L;ke fgr pkrd
dh L=h ;fn ddZ'kk ;k dqyVk gks tk;s rks mlds rqylhnkl**AA nksgk0277
lax Hkh vk;qi;ZUr fuokZg djuk nwHkj gS A ^lc fcf/k ?kVc dkt eSa rksjsa& ^fcf/k* ds vFkZ
^diVh fe= lwy le pkjh& vkSj fe= Hkh ;fn gaS¾izdkj] HkkX;] czãk ;k fo/kkrkA ^lc fcf/k*
ehBk cksy dj ihB esa Nqjk Hkksdus okyk] dgus esa ;gk¡ bu rhuksa vFkksZa dk gh lekos'k gSA
/kks[ksckt gks rks ;s pkjks gh 'kwy ds leku fuR; rkRi;Z gS fd ;fn fo/kkrk us HkkX; esa ugha fy[kk
pqHkus okys gSaA D;ksafd u rks bu pkjksa dk gS rc Hkh mls vuqdy w cukdj ¼fcf/k ?kVc½
lgtrk ls ifjR;kx gh gks ldrk gS vkSj u gh rqEgkjk dk;Z d:axkA ^?kVc* dk Hkko gS ?kV
budh tUetkr o`fÙk;ksa esa lgtrk ls lq/kkj gh tkuk] {k; gksuk] rkRi;Z gS fd ;fn eq>s vi;'k
vkuk@ykuk laHko gSA dsoy bZ'oj dh feysxk rc Hkh eSa rqEgkjk dk;Z lk/kawxkA fdUrq
vuqdy w rk gh bu d"Vksa ls NqVdkjk fnyk ldrh bruk Li"V ladr s djus ds ckn Hkh lqxhz oth dks
gSA vkSj izHkq us blh ckr dk vk'oklu vxyh ¼tho dks½ izHkq ds lkeF;Z ij Hkjkslk ugha gqvk
pkSikbZ esa fn;k gS& vr%
l[kk lksp R;kxgq cy eksjsa A lc fcf/k dg lqxzho lqugq j?kqchjk A ckfy
?kVc dkt eSa rksjsa AA egkcy vfr ju/khjk AA
gs l[ks ! rqe fpUrk 'kksdkfn dks esjs lqxhz oth us dgk fd gs j?kqohjth lqfu;s
cy ds vkJ; ls R;kx nks] eSa lc izdkj ls ! ckyh esa egkcy gS vkSj og laxkz e esa Hkh
¼lc fcf/k½ vFkkZr izfrdwy fo/kkrk dks Hkh vR;Ur j.k/khj rFkk vR;Ur /kS;Z'kkyh gSA
vuqdyw cukdj rqEgkjs dk;Z lEiUu d#axk A ^dg lqxzho lqugq j?kqchjk& izHkq us vHkh ^l[kk
^l[kk lksp R;kxgq cy eksjsa& ^l[kk* dgus esa lksp R;kxgq cy eksjsa* dgk FkkA mlh ^cy* dks
fe= 'kCn ls vf/kd dkseyrk vkSj ek/kq;Z Hkko y{; dj lqxhz oth dg jgs gSa fd vki j?kq
gSA fe= /keZ dk lkaxks ikax fu#i.k djus ds ôhj* gSa vkidh ohjrk esa vkids cy esa eq>s
ckn izHkq us lqxhz oth dks ^l[kk* lEcks/ku nsdj lUnsg ugha gSA fdUrq vkidh tkudkjh ds fy;s
lwfpr dj jgk gw¡ fd ckyh esa egkcy gS] vki izHkq dks ys tkdj lqxhz oth us nqanqfHk
ohj gSa rks og vfr j.k/khjk gSA ek;koh nkuo nkuo dh vfLFk;k¡ vkSj lkr rkM+ ds o`{k
ls mlus yxkrkj ,d ekg rd fn[kk;sA Jhj?kqukFkth us mUgsa fcuk ifjJe ds
/kS;Z iwoZd laxkz e fd;k FkkA dgus esa ladsr gS vuk;kl gh <gk fn;k A
fd mlls fHkM+us ds iwoZ vius lkeF;Z ij iqu% ^nqanqfHk vfLFk rky ns[kjk,& izHkq ds cykcy dh]
fopkj dj yhft;s A muds lkeF;Z dh ijh{kk ysus ds fy;s lqxhz oth
^ckfy egkcy vfr ju/khjk& lqxhz oth ckyh ls izHkq dks ou esa ys x;s vkSj ogk¡ mUgsa nqanqfHk
ihfM+r gSa] Lo;a HkqDr Hkksxh gksus ls mlds nkuo dk vLi`'; vfLFkiatj fn[kyk;k tksfd
cykcy ls Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ifjfpr Hkh gSaA ;ksa rks ,d egku ioZr f'k[kj ds leku tku iM+rk Fkk
izHkq ds vrqycy dh izrhfr mUgsa gks pqdh gS ^^fxfjdwV fuHkks egku**4@11@66A ftUgsa ge
^vkor nsf[k vrqy cy lhoka* fdUrq izHkq dk vkt ^Mk;uklksj* uke nsrs gSa] nqanqfHk oLrqr%
izR;{k cy mudk ns[kk gqvk ugha gSA vr% muls dgha vf/kd izcy vkSj fo'kkydk; tho
lân;rko'k lUnsg O;Dr fd;k gSA ijUrq tkudh FkkA Jhj?kqukFkth us ml fo’kkydk; vfLFk iatj
vEck us rks guqekuth ds ^vfr cy* dks muds dks iSj ds vaxB w s ls gh vuk;kl nl ;kstu nwj
Hkw/kjkdkj 'kjhj dks izR;{k ns[kk Hkh Fkk ^^dud mNky fn;k ^îknkax"q Bsu fp{ksi lEiw.kZ
Hkw/kjk dkj ljhjk] lej Hk;adj vfr cy n'k;kstue~**A1@1@65 okYehfd jkek;.k o
chjk**A blds mijkUr Hkh muds eu dh 'kadk v/;kRe jkek;.k esa izHkq dh ijh{kk ysus dk
xbZ ugha] fu’kkpj gh mUgsa îje lqHkV* yxs Hkys o.kZu foLrkj ls gSA mudk lkjka’k gS fd
gh ‘kadk mUgksusa ekr`ân; ls gh dh gks ^^lquq vfLFkiatj mNky nsus ls Hkh lqxhz oth lUrq"V
^lqr* djfg fcfiu j[kokjh] ije lqHkV ugha gq;sA ogk¡] muds dFkuksidFku dk HkkokFkZ gS
jtuhpj Hkkjh**5@16@8A fd tc ckyh us nqanqfHk dks mNkyk Fkk rc og
izHkq dh {kerk ij 'kadk gksus dk ,d ekaleTtk;qDr gksus ls Hkkjh Fkk] vc 'kq"d gks
dkj.k vkSj Hkh gS] og gS Jhjketh dk fpj dj dadky ek= jg x;k gSA ml le; ckyh
LFkk;h dksey lk fn[kus okyk mudk ;q) ls Fkdk gqvk Hkh Fkk vkSj vkius rks bls
Jhfoxzg ê`nqy euksgj lqanj xkrk*A tSls ;gk¡ g"kZ ,oa mRlkg ls ;qDr gksdj Qsadk gSA blh
lqxhz oth dks 'kadk gks jgh gS] oSls gh jketh ds izdkj okrkZyki djrs gq;s lqxhz oth izHkq dks
';key e`nqy 'kjhj dks ns[k dj] Lo;a lehiLFk ,d rkM+ou esa ys vk;sA ogk¡ mUgksaus
vk|'kfDr Jhlhrkth dks Hkh] tksfd vius ,d fo'kky vkSj vn~Hkqr lkr rkM+o`{kksa ds lewg
iqjkru izhre ls ifjfpr Hkh gSa îzhfr iqjkru dks fn[kk dj izHkq ls fuosnu fd;k fd buesa ls
y[kb u dksbZ*A1@228@8] ;gh 'kadk gks xbZ Fkh fdlh ,d dks ,d rhj ls Hksnu dj nhft;s rks
^^dg¡ /kuq dqfylgq pkfg dBksjk] dg¡ L;key eq>s cykcy dk fu'p; gks tk;sxk ^lkyesda
e`nqxkr fdlksjk**1@257@4A vr,o] lqxhz oth fofufHkZ| Hkosn~ O;fDrcZykcys* A4@11@90
dh 'kadk dks loZFkk mfpr gh ekuuk iM+sxkA Jhj?kqukFkth ds ,d gh ck.k us u dsoy mu
izHkq lqxhz oth dk vfHkizk; le> x;s fd lkrks o`{kksa dks dnyh FkEc ds leku dkV Mkyk
os cykcy dks rksyuk pkgrs gSa mudh ijh{kk cfYd ioZr vkSj i`Foh dks Hkh fon.kZ dj vkSj
ysuk pkgrs gSaA xksLokehth us rks bls ;gk¡ Li"V og ^ck.k* iqu% mudh rjd'k esa vkdj fLFkr
ugha fy[kk gS fdUrq vU; jkek;.kksa vkSj vxyh gks x;k&
pkSikbZ dk vk'k; Hkh ijh{kk ysuk gh fudyrk ^^rkykUlIr fofufHkZ| fxfja Hkwfea p
gSA lk;d%**4@1@74v-jk-A
nqanqfHk vfLFk rky ns[kjk, A fcuq iz;kl bl pkSikbZ ds vR;ka{kjksa ^ns[kjk,* o
j?kqukFk <gk, AA ^<gk,* dks âLo ek=k esa j[kdj ^/kqfu vojsc
dfcr xqu tkrh* dh fLFkfr cukbZ gS] ladsr gS fd c<+ dj izhfr gks x;hA ^ck<+h* dk Hkko gS
fd ;gk¡ xw<+kFkZ Hkjs gSaA okLro esa vU; xzUFkksa dh fd izhfr rks igys Hkh Fkh] vc mlesa ck<+ ds
dFkk;sa fdl [kwch ls vR;Ur lkj la{ksi esa leku vR;Ur o`f) gks xbZA
izLrqr dh xbZ gSa bls Åij ns[kk gh gSA vfrlkj ^ckfy c/kc bUg Hkb ijrhrh& lqxhz oth esa izhfr
la{ksi ds ckjs esa yksxksa dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd o`f) dk rRdkfyd dkj.k LokFkZ ijd gSA
tho lqxhz oth }kjk ijkRij czã ds ,s’o;Z dk ;ksa blhfy;s ^ckfy c/kc bUg* tSlh vklqjh ckr
fuEuLrjh; ijh{k.k djuk og Hkh Jhy{e.kth o muds eu esa vkbZA blesa bruh lh vPNkbZ gS
guqekuth tSls nks fl)kpk;ksZa ds le{k djuk] fd eSa dh txg izHkq djsaxs dk Hkko gS] ‘kj.kkxfr
HkDr ân; xksLokehth dks #fpdj ugha yxkA gh ekusa fQj Hkh ckyh dk o/k izHkq dj nsxa]s ;g
vr% mUgksusa iwjs çlax dks vR;Ur la{ksi esa vkSj Hkkouk ;k dkeuk gh fuEuLrj dh gSA bls
vius vlarks”k dks y?kq vaR;k{kjksa ds }kjk O;Dr n'kkZus ds fy;s ;gk¡ izhfr dh o`f) igys dgh
fd;k gSA vkSj ogk¡ /;kukd"kZ.k ds fy;s gh xbZ vkSj rc fo'okl ¼izrhfr½ n`<+ gksuk dgk
mUgksaus vxyh v)kZyh ds y?kq ek=k okys 'kCn x;k] tcfd oLrqr% igys fdlh ij fo'okl
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îzhrh* o îzrhrh* ¼Hkys gh ;s pkSikbZ ds mÙkjdk.M esa dkdHkq'kqf.Mth us HkfDr dk
fu;ekuqlkj gksa½ esa izLrqr fd;k gSA tks Hkh gks fu#i.k djrs gq;s x#M+th ls ,slk gh dgk gS&
xksLokehth us ekul jpuk esa dkO; lkSUn;Zrk dks ^^tkus fcuq u gksb ijrhrh] fcuq ijrhfr gksb
xkS.k vkSj ,s’o;Z Hkko xkaHkh;Zrk dks vf/kd egRo ufga izhrhAA
fn;k gSA izhfr fcuk ufga Hkxfr n`<kbZ] ftfe [kxsl ty dS
nsf[k vfer cy ck<+h izhrh A ckfy c/kc fpdukbZ**AA7@88
bUg Hkb ijrhrh AA fdUrq vxyh gh pkSikbZ esa lqxhz oth dks vius
Jhjketh ds vrqfyr cy dks izR;{k esa Lo:i dk lgh cks/k gks x;k&
ns[kdj Jhlqxhz oth dh izhfr esa o`f) gks xbZ] ckj ckj ukob in lhlk A izHkqfg tkfu
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nsxas bldk mUgsa n`<+ fo'okl gks x;kA ;s loZ leFkZ izHkq gh gSa ;g tkudj
^nsf[k vfer cy ck<+h izhrh& ^nsf[k* in dk dfijkt lqxhz oth dks eu esa g"kZ gqvk vkSj os
vfHkizk; gS fd ns[krs gh lqxhz oth us tc rd Jhjketh ds pj.kksa esa ¼xnxn Hkko ls½ ckjEckj
izR;{k ugha ns[kk rc rd mUgsa izHkq ds flj uokus yxsA
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mUgsa guqekuth us gh mHk; fnfl dh dFkk lqukrs dks tkuk phUgk gS] blls ân; gf"kZr gqvk] bl
le; izHkq ds lkeF;Z dk FkksM+k lk fnXn’kZu dkj.k ls izHkq ds pj.kksa esa flj uok¡ jgs gSa ,slk
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leLr jkepfj= dk o.kZu fd;k gS ^yfNeu dihlk] ckj ckj ukob in lhlk**A
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vius eq[k ls ^^czã #nz ljukxr x;s u uok;k Fkk ^lknj feysm ukb in ekFkk*A vkSj
mcfjfg izku** tSlh dfBu izfrKk djds vius ;gk¡ Hkh izHkq dks tku ysus ds ckn Hkh] muds
lkeF;Z dks trk fn;k FkkA ijUrq rc Hkh vfer cy :ih ,s'o;Z dks ns[k ysus ds ckn Hkh
lqxhz oth dks fo'okl ugha gqvk] vc tc viuh os ckj ckj eLrd gh uok¡ jgs gSaA eu esa ‘kadk
vk¡[kksa ls vfer cy ns[kk rc izhfr ,slh c<+h mituh LokHkkfod gS fd ,slk D;ksa\ tcfd
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igpkurs gh muds Jhpj.kksa esa fxj iM+s Fks vkSj dh lewph xkFkk esa gh HkfDr lw= fijks;s x;s gSaA
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lax lnSo Lokeh tSlk gh O;ogkj fd;k gSaA fuHkZj gS ^lksb tkub tsfg nsgq tukbZ*2@126@3
vr,o fu"kknjktth us izHkq dks gesa'kk n.Mor ;gk¡ izHkq Lo;a gh lqxhz oth dks viuh izHkqrkbZ
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gS ^^vl dfg djr n.Mor ns[kk] rqjr mBs ;g izHkq ds Jhopuksa ls tku ysosa ^êe njlu
izHkq gj"k fcls"kkA 5@45@1 fdUrq xgjkbZ ls Qy ije vuwik] tho iko fut lgt l:ik**A
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leku dsoy [kM+s [kM+s eLrd ugha uok;k gSS egRo vf/kd ekuk x;k gSA tkuus o ekuus esa
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cSBd gh yxk jgs gSa] cfYd ;gk¡ Li”V dgk x;k vr% ;gk¡ ^tkfu* in fn;k gSA
gS fd os izHkq ds pj.kksa esa cSB dj vius eLrd mitk X;ku cpu rc cksyk A ukFk dìk¡ eu
dks izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa esa ckj ckj yxk jgs gSa Hk;m vyksyk AA
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tc lqxhz oth ds ân; esa Kku mitk rc
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Hkh l[; Hkko ¼cjkcjh dk ntkZ½ dk izkcY;
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ikl i/kkjs gSaA 'kcjhth us Hkh fe=rk gksus dh ^mitk X;ku cpu rc cksyk& ^mitk Kku* dk
ckr dgh Fkh ^îaik ljfg tkgq j?kqjkbZ] rg¡ rkRi;Z gS fd blds iwoZ Kku& lq"kqfIr Fkh]
gksbfg lqxzho ferkbZ**A3@35@11 vkSj fQj blfy;s eu esa ^ckfy c/kc bUg* tSlh rqPN
lqxhz oth jktoa'k ls Hkh gSa vr% mudh xfjek o dkeuk,a fo|eku FkhaA
l[; Hkko ds fuokZg gsrq gh ,slk fp=.k fd;k ^cpu*& pWwafd lqxhz oth bl le; vR;Ur lqUnj
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ckfy ije fgr tklq izlknk A feysgq jke
}kjk xksLokehth us [ktkuk feyus dh ,oa ^leu
rqEg leu fo"kknk AA fo"kknk* in esa ^vkuUnkuqHkoa* gksus ds Hkko dks
gs jketh ! ckyh rks esjk ije fgrS"kh gS
O;Dr fd;k gSA
ftlds izlkn ls vFkkZr rkM+uk ds dkj.k gh tks
fo"kkn mitk] mlds 'keu gsrq gs vUr;kZeh liusa tsfg lu gksb yjkbZ A tkxsa leq>r
jketh! vki eq>s fey x;sA eu ldqpkbZ AA
^ckfy ije fgr tklq izlknk& ftl fdlh dkj.k lius esa Hkh ftlds lax yM+kbZ gks rks
ls gks] pkgs Jki ls gks ;k vuqxgz ls ;fn tkxus ij ;g le> dj eu esa ladksp gksxk]
yTtk yxsxh] fd blls eSa LoIu esa Hkh D;ksa yM+k
Hkxor~ izkfIr gks tk;s rks og fØ;k ;k og rkRi;Z gS fd ckyh ,slk ijefgrq gSA
O;fDr ijefgrq ekuk x;k gSA igys rks ykse'k
^liusa tsfg lu gksb yjkbZ& gesa LoIu gekjh
_f"k us Hkh Hkq'kqf.Mth dks Jki gh fn;k Fkk
fpÙk dh izo`fÙk;ksa ¼ladYi&fodYi½ ds dkj.k gh
^lifn gksfg iPNh paMkyk* fdUrq ckn esa mUgsa
mUgha ls jkeHkfDr vkSj jkepfjr dh dFkk Hkh vkrs gSa] vkSj larksa us fpÙk dks Hkxork/khu ekuk
izkIr gqbZ Fkh ^êqfu eksfg dNqd dky rg¡ jk[kk] gSA ekul esa Hkh] Hkxoku fo".kq dks fpÙk dk
jkepfjr ekul rc Hkk"kk**A ogh Jki oLrqr% Lokeh dgk gS ^^vgadkj flo cqf) vt eu
muds fy;s izlkn Lo:i gks x;k] Hkq’kqf.Mth us lfl fpÙk egku¼fo".kq½**A6@15 blfy;s fpÙk
ekuk gS îzHkq izlkn nqyZHk cj ik;m¡*7@113A dh fuo`fÙk Hkh Hkxork/khu gh ekuh xbZ gSA
blh izdkj xkSre _f"k us Hkh vfgY;kth pkSng Hkqou izlax esa okYehfdth us Hkh HkDrksa ds
dks ,oa nsojkt bUnz dks Jki fn;s Fks] fdUrq fpÙk dks lnSo ¼tkxr lksor½ Hkxork/khu dgk
dkykUrj ds ckn os Jki gh mu nksuksa ds fy;s gS& ^^dgfga lR; fiz; cpu fcpkjh] tkxr
ijefgrdkjh gks x;sA JhvfgY;kth us izHkq dh lksor lju rqEgkjh** 2@129@4A
Lrqfr djrs gq;s Lohdkj fd;k gS ^êqfu Jki tks lqxhz oth dk vfHkizk; gS fd LoIu :ih
nhUgk vfr Hky dhUgk ije vuqxgz eS vkidh ek;k ij esjk dksbZ vad'q k ugha gS
ekuk**1@210NanA vkSj mlh Jki ds dkj.k gh blfy;s lius esa Hkys gh eSa ckyh ls yM+ iM+w¡
nsojkt bUnz ds ‘kjhj esa lglzksa u;u ¼fNnz½ gks
fdUrq tSls vkt tkxk gw¡ oSls tkxus ij esjk v/;kRe jkek;.k esa lqxhz oth us Li"V dgk gS
eu vijk/k cks/k ls ldqpk tk;sxkA fd vc eq>s ckyh dks thrus vFkok L=h :ek
^tkxs leq>r eu ldqpkbZ& ;gk¡ ^tkxs* dk dks izkIr dj lq[k Hkksxus dh bPNk dnkfi ugha
rkRi;Z uhan ls tkxuk ugha gS cfYd Hkksx foykl gSA eSa rks lalkj&cU/ku dks dkVus okyh vkidh
:ih leLr fo"k;ksa ls oSjkX; gksuk gh tkxuk gS HkfDr gh pkgrk gw¡& ^ûdka{ks fot;a jke u p
^^tkfuv rcfga tho tx tkxk] tc lc fo"k; fcykl nkj lq[kkfnde~A
Hkfäeso lnkdka{ks Rof;
fcjkxk**2@92@4A oLrqr% lqxhz oth ds eq[kkjfoan ls
cU/kfoekspuhe~**AA4@1@85v-jk-
;gk¡ fu"kknjktth dks minsf'kr y{e.kxhrk ds
Hkxoku egs'oj ds vuqHkoksa dk fu"d"kZ Hkh ;gh
fl)kUr gh fudy jgs gSaA ogk¡ iziap ¼txr½ dks
gS ^^mek dgm¡ eSa vuqHko viuk] lr gfjHktuq
LoIuor dgk Fkk& txr lc liuk**3@38@5A
^^lius gksb fHk[kkfj uìq jadq ukd ifr
gksbA
lqfu fcjkx latqr dfi ckuh A cksys
tkxsa ykHkq u gkfu dNq frfe îazip* ft;¡ fcg¡fl jkeq /kuqikuh AA
tksb**AA 2@92 tks dNq dgsgq lR; lc lksbZ A l[kk cpu
;gk¡ lqxhz oth txr C;ogkj esa gksus okys ee e`"kk u gksbZ AA
'k=q&fe=] lq[k&nq[kkfn bu Hkkoksa dks gh LoIuor lqxzhoth dh oSjkX; la;qDr ok.kh lqudj
;kus feF;k dg jgs gSaA /kuq/kZj Jhjketh g¡ldj cksysA gs l[kk ! tks
vc izHkq dìk djgq ,fg Hkk¡rh A lc rft dqN rqeus dgk gS lR; rks lc ogh gS ¼lksbZ½A
Hktuq djkSa fnu jkrh A ijUrq esjk opu] ckyh dks ekjus dh esjh
gs loZleFkZ izHkks ! vc vki viuh bl izfrKk] feF;k ugha gks ldrhA
dìk dks blh Hkk¡fr cuk;s j[ksa rkfd lc dqN ^lqfu fcjkx latqr dfi ckuh& dbZ jkek;.kh]
R;kx djds fnujkr ¼fujUrj½ vkidk gh Hktu bl ^fcjkx latqr* in dk Hkko
djrk jgw¡A 'e'kkfu;k&{kf.kd oSjkX; ds :i esa vFkZ djrs
^vc izHkq dìk djgq ,fg Hkk¡rh& lqxhz oth blds gSaA fdUrq bl izdkj dk mnkgj.k ekul esa dgha
iwoZ dg pqds gSa ûkFk dìk eu Hk;m vyksyk*] ugha gSA ^dfi ckuh* in ls ;s yksx pyk;eku
eu dh fufyZIrrk ls gh mUgsa Li"V izrhfr gks eu okys ¼cUnj½ tho dk vFkZ djrs gSa vkSj
jgh gS fd os bl le; izHkq dh ek;k ds izHkko izek.k esa êSa ikej i'kq dfi vfr dkeh* vkSj
ls eqä gSa] ek;k muls ijs gS] blhfy;s lrksx.q kh ^dfi papy lcgh fcf/k ghuk* tSlh iafDr;ka
ckrksa dk fparu gks jgk gSA oLrqr% HkfDr dh izLrqr djrs gSaA ;s rks Lo;a dks ghu crkus ds
izkfIr gksuk vkSj ek;k ls fuLrkj ikuk] ;g nkssuksa fy;s gh dgh lqxhz oth vkSj guqekuth egkjkt
gh euq";ksa ds lk/ku ls lk/; ugha gSa] dsoy izHkq }kjk dgh xbZ iafDr;k¡ gSaA xksLokehth dk ;gh
dh dìk ij gh fuHkZj gS ^^;g xqu lk/ku rs mn~ns'; gksrk rks os bl v)kZyh dks ^lqfu fcjkx
ufg gksbZ] rqEgjh dìk iko dksb dksbZ**A blfy;s tqr ckuj ckuh* dj ldrs Fks tksfd T;knk
lqxhz oth izHkq ls ;kpuk dj jgs gSSa fd vkxs Hkh lVhd jgrkA ^cksys fcg¡fl* in ls Hkh yksx
vki bl dìk dks blh izdkj ^,fg Hkk¡fr* cuk;s lqxhz oth dh f[kYyh ¼migkl½ mM+kus okyk Hkko
j[ksaA izHkq lEcks/ku dk rkRi;Z gS fd vki loZ xzg.k dj ysrs gSaA pw¡fd ckyh c/k ds rqjar ckn
leFkZ gSa ,slh dìk djuk vkids fy;s gh laHko lqxhz oth dks lkalkfjd jkx }s"k] dke]
gSA Øks/kkfn esa fyIr Hkh ikrs gSaA ,rnFkZ bu lc
^lc rft Hktuq djkSa fnujkrh& ^lc rft* ls rdksZ dh Lo;eso iqf"V Hkh gks tkrh gSA okLro
rkRi;Z lq[k lEifRr ifjokj cM+kbZ ls gSA esa rks Jhjketh us ^l[kk* lEcks/ku nsdj ^l[kk
cpu ee e`"kk u gksbZ* lqxhz oth ds vuqjks/k dks blhizdkj izHkq dh ^g¡fl* ;k ^fcg¡fl* dk o.kZu
lkxzg Vkyk gSSA i<+us dks vo'; feysxkA tSlsfd ukjnth dks
^cksys fcg¡fl jkeq /kuq ikuh& izHkq dh fcg¡fl dk ek;kew<+ djus ds fy;s ^^fut ek;k cy nsf[k
dkj.k le> ysa rks mijksDr lHkh ckrsa lqy> fclkyk] fg; g¡fl cksys nhun;kyk**1@131@8]
tk;saxhA tSls lqxhz oth dks fofnr gS ûkFk dìk ekrk dkS’kY;kth dks v[k.M czãk.M fn[kyk;s
eu Hkm vyksyk* oSls gh vUr;kZeh Jhjketh Hkh rc ^^nsf[k jke tuuh vdqykuh] izHkq ^g¡fl*
tkurs gSa fd esjs lalxZ ds dkj.k ;s vHkh esjh nhUg e/kqj eqlqdkuh**1@200@8 vkSj
ek;k ls eqDr gSa blhfy;s ,slh oSjkX;&;qDr ckrsa dkdHkq’kqf.Mth dks tc vn~Hkqr czãk.M fn[kyk;s
dg jgs gSaA vkSj budk oSjkX; Hkh lalkj ds rc ^^Hkze rsa pfdr jkejke eksfg ns[kk] ^fcg¡ls*
lq[k&nq[kkfn dk Hkksx fd;s fcuk vkxs dPpk gh lks lquq pfjr fcls”kk**7@78@4A
jg tk;sxkA vr% izHkq us ^fcg¡l* dj viuh lrh&eksg izlax esa Bhd ,slh g¡lh dk
;ksxek;k dks izsfjr fd;k gSA ^fcg¡fl* dk o.kZu gS lrhth ij viuk izHkko djus ds iwoZ
^fcg¡fl* dj jketh us ek;k dks izsfjr fd;k gS
'kkL=h; vk/kkj vkxs fn;k gS fdUrq vki Lo;a
^^fut ek;k cyq ân; c[kkuh] cksys ^fcg¡fl*
lksps fd tgk¡ lqxhz oth vuqu;&fou; dj jgs
jkeq e`nq ckuh**A1@52@6 ^fcg¡fl* dks f[kYYkh
gSa] ogha ijeuhfrK ekus tkus okys ^ûhfr izhfr
mM+kus] vFkkZr f[kyf[kykdj g¡lus ds vFkZ esa
ijekjFk LokjFkq dksm u jke le tku
fy;k tk;s rks lrh izlax esa ê`nqckuh* in lkFk
tFkkjFkq**A 2@253@5] izHkq dk fcg¡luk og Hkh
yxk gSA tcfd f[kyf[kykuk vkSj e`nqckuh
l[kk dk migkl mM+kus gsrq loZFkk vuqfpr gh
cksyuk ;s nksuksa dk;Z ,d lax gks gh ugha ldrs
ekuk tk;sxkA ;gk¡ dqN yksx ;g Hkh ekurs gS ^^nqb fd gksb ,d le; Hkqvkyk] g¡lc BBkb
fd vkxs ek;k ds o'khHkwr gksus ij lqxhz oth dh Qqykmc xkyk**A2@34@5 ukjnth ds m)j.k esa
tks nqnZ'kk gksxh mldk Lej.k djds izHkq fcg¡ls ^fg; g¡fl* dgk x;k gSA vr% ;gk¡ ;g Hkh
gSsaA fdUrq ;FkkFkZ tkuus ds fy;s v/;kRe jkek;.k ekuuk gksxk fd bl izdkj dh g¡lh lcdks
dks ns[ksa ogk¡ mijksDr pkSikbZ dk iwjk Hkko fn[kkbZ ugha iM+rh gSA oLrqr% ;g fØ;k eu gh
miyC/k gS& eu esa gksrh gSA
^^jke% lqxzhoekyksD; lfLera ^/kuqikuh*& lEcks/ku ls lwfpr fd;k fd izHkq
okD;eoczohr~A vkxs dh yhyk gsrq ;kus ckyh c/k dh izfrKk
ek;ka eksgdjha rfLefUou~ dk;Z iwfrZ gsrq] /kuq"k gkFk esa fy;s gq;s rRij [kM+s gSaA
fl);sA ^l[kk cpu ee e`"kk u gksbZ& lqxhz oth ij izHkq
l[ksRonqDra ;RrUeka lR;eso u fdlh izdkj dk midkj ;k ,glku ugha yknuk
la'k;%**A4@2@1&2 pkgrsA blfy;s dgk fd tks dqN rqeus dgk gS
vFkkZr~& ^^Jhjketh lqxhz oth dh vksj ns[krs gq;s ogh furkUr lR; gSA v/;kRe jkek;.k esa
êqLdkjk* dj cksysA mlls] dk;Z fl) djus ds Jhjketh us Li”V dgk gS rqEgs rks vko';drk
fy;s ml ij viuh eksg mRiUu djus okyh ugha gS fdUrq blesa la'k; ugha gS fd ckn esa
ek;k dk foLrkj fd;kA gs l[kk! rqeus eq>ls yksx esjh fuUnk djsxas fd jke us okujjkt
tks dqN dgk gS og fu%lUnsg lc Bhd gSSA lqxhz o ls vfXu dh lk{kh esa fe=rk rks dh fdUrq
blls Li"V gS fd v/;kRe jkek;.k esa mUgksaus mldk dkSu lk dke fl) fd;k&
ftls ^lfLera* dgk x;k gS oSls gh ;gk¡ Hkh izHkq ^^d`rokfUda dihUnzk; l[;a
dh ^fcg¡fl* ek;k dk foLrkj djus ds fy;s gh d`RokfXulkf{kde~A00000000
gqbZ gS u fd lqxhz oth dh f[kYyh mM+kus ds bfr yksdkioknks esa Hkfo";fr u
fy;sA ekul esa tgk¡ dgha Hkh izHkq dh ek;k dk la'k;%**4@2@3&4v-jk-A
izHkko ;k foLrkj n'kkZ;k x;k gS ogk¡ vkidks
fQj esjs eq[k ls tks opu ,d ckj gfj 'kaHkq dks Hkh ukpus okys dgk gS ^^txq is[ku
fudy tkrk gS og vlR; ;k o`Fkk ugha gks rqEg ns[kfugkjs] ^fcf/k gfj laHkq* upkofu
ldrkA blfy;s gs l[kk! esjk opu vlR; fl) gkjs**A1@16@1 rc vU; tho fdl fxurh esa
u gksus ikos blfy;s rqEgsa lk/ku cuuk gSA ukjn gSaA ;gk¡ ukpus okyksa dk c[kku ugha gS vfirq
eksg izlax esa Hkh ukjnth ls izHkq us blh Hkk¡fr upkus okys jketh dh ljkguk dh gS ^îlq
êe bPNk* gh dgk gS ^ê`"kk gksm ee Jki ukpr lqd ikB izchuk] xqu xfr uV ikBd
dìkyk] êe bPNk* dg nhu n;kyk**A furkUr vk/khuk** 2@298@8A
lR; ;gh gS fd oLrqr% gksrk ogh gS tks jketh ^jkeq [kxsl csn vl xkor& ;g pkSikbZ
djuk pkgsa ogh gksrk gS& âLoek=k ¼upkor&xkor½ esa jph xbZ gSA vr%
^^jke dhUg pkgfga lksb gksbZ] djS vU;Fkk vl blesa ewy 'kCnkFkZ ds vfrfjDr Hkh fo'ks"k xw<+
ufga dksbZA1@127@1 Hkko gSA ;gk¡ Jksrk x#M+th ¼[kxs'k½ gSaA tc
blfy;s Hkksys ckck djus esa lko/kkuh j[krs gSa fdUrq ukjnth us bUgsa Jhjketh ds ukxik'k
vkxs dh fpUrk esa le; ugh x¡okrs& gksbfg lksb tks
ca/ku dkVus ds fy;s Hkstk Fkk] rc izHkq dh ek;k
jke jfp jk[kk] dks dfj rdZ c<+koS
ds dkj.k] bUgsa izHkq ds izHkqRo ij vFkkZr
lk[kk**A1@51@7
jkekorkj ij gh 'kadk gks xbZ Fkh ^^lks vorkj
^l[kk*& tho vkSj czã esa l[; Hkko gSa bldh
lqusm¡ tx ekgha] ns[ksm¡ lks izHkko dNq ukgha**A
ppkZ blds iwoZ vk pqdh gSA oLrqr% izHkq dks
7@57@8 vkSj ;gk¡ oDrk gaS dkdHkq'kqf.Mth]
viuh l`f"V Hkh lqpk# :i ls pykuh gSA ;fn
bUgsa Hkh izHkq ds f'k'kq&pfj= ij] mudh
ukjnth] lurdqekjksa vkSj nPNlqrksa dh Hkk¡fr
¼nPN lqrUg minslsfUg tkbZ] frUg fQfj Hkouq u LoHkkfod lh cky&yhyk,a ns[kdj eksg gks x;k
ns[kk vkbZA1@78@1½ lqxhz oth tSls lHkh oSjkxh Fkk ^îzkd`r fllq bo yhyk nsf[k Hk;m eksfg
cu x;s rks l`f"V dk dk;Z dSls pysxk] izHkq dks eksg**7@77A
bldk Hkh rks /;ku j[kuk gSA blfy;s viuRo mijksDr lqxhz oth ds lUnHkZ dks vk/kkj
Hkjk ^l[kk* lEcks/ku iz;qDr dj izHkq lqxhz oth cukdj ;gk¡ Hkq’kqf.Mth egkjkt vius mlh
dks nk'kZfud txr ls ykSfdd txr esa ys vk;sA êksg* dh ,oa x#M+th dh ^'kadk* dh foospuk
uV ejdV bo lcfg upkor A jkeq [kxsl djrs gq;s mUgsa le>k jgs gSa fd izHkq dh
eksg&ek;k esa Qal dj ukpus okys ge vki ;k
csn vl xkor AA
;s lqxhz oth gh ugha gS vfirq czãk&egs'k vkSj
gs i{khjkt x#M+th ! lukru osnksa dk
vkidks Hkstus okys ukjnth Hkh gSaA nsof"kZ
dguk gS fd vuUr dksfV czãk.M uk;d
Jhjketh uV&edZV ds leku vFkkZr enkjh tSls ukjnth us rks x#M+th ls mlh le; dg fn;k
cUnj dks upkrk gS mlh Hkk¡fr lHkh dks upkrs Fkk ^^tsfg cgq ckj ûpkok* eksgh] lksb C;kfi
gSaA fcgaxifr rksfg**A7@58@6 oLrqr% ije dkSrqdh
ûV ejdV bo lcfg upkor jkeq & izHkq ds izHkq us ukjnth dks gh lcls igys edZV cuk;k
opu e`"kk u gksus ikosa] mUgsa yksdksiokn u feys] Fkk ^êdZV cnu Hk;daj nsgh] ns[kr ân; Øks/k
bl Hkkouk ls gh lqxhz oth ckyh dks ;q) gsrq Hkk rsgh**1@133@8A /;ku jgs fd bl
yydkjus ds fy;s lger gks x;sA blh dks y{; jkepfjr :ih dkSrqd dk izkjEHk ukjn eksg
djds Hkq'kqf.Mth us okujksa ds izlax esa okujksa dk izlax ls gh gqvk gSA Hkq’kqf.Mth us ;gk¡ ûV
gh n`"VkUr izLrqr fd;k gSA ejdV* vkSj ûpkor* in ds }kjk ukjn izlax
^lcfg upkor*& rkRi;Z gS fd vdsys lqxzhoth dh vksj ladr s Hkh fd;k gSA bl ,d pkSikbZ esa
gh ukpus okys ugha gSa] bl ^lcfga* esa rks gh ugha cfYd loZ= ekul esa gh xksLokehth us
leLr czãk.M vk x;kA okYehfdth us rks fof/k ^^vjFkq vfer vfr vk[kj Fkksjs**A2@293@2
ds vuqlkj bu ladr s ksa ds }kjk xkxj esa lkxj gS blfy;s izHkq ds ck;sa gkFk esa rks izR;apk p<+k
Hkj j[kk gSA gqvk /kuq"k ¼pki½ gS vkSj nkfgus gkFk esa ogh
^csn vl xkor*& Jhxhrkth dks lHkh mifu"knksa ,d ck.k ¼lk;d½ gS] ftlls ckyh dk o/k
dk fupksM+ ekuk x;k gS ogk¡ Hkh ^lcfga upkor djuk gSA xksLokehth dks ;fn layXu rjd'k
jkeq [kxsl* dh Hkk”kk gh nksgjkbZ xbZ gS& fny[kkuk gksrk rks os ^gkFkk* in ds LFkku ij
^^bZ'oj% loZ Hkwrkuka ân~ns'ks·tqZu mls ^HkkFkk* ¼rjd'k½ dj ldrs Fks D;ksafd ^xfg*
fr"BfrA in esa gh gkFk esa ysus dk Hkko fufgr gSA
Hkzke;UloZHkwrkfu ;U=k#<kfu oLrqr% ^xfg gkFkk* ds }kjk lwfpr fd;k fd
ek;;k**AA18@61 jketh o lqxhz oth dk gkFk idM+s ys py jgs gSaA
xksLokehth dh Lo;a dh ‘kSyh esa bl ‘yksd dk /;ku nsxas rks ;gk¡ ^yS lqxzho* esa
HkkokFkZ gS ^mj izsjd j?kqca'k fcHkw"k.k* vkSj osn lqxhz oth dh eu%fLFkfr Hkh ogh yxsxh tksfd
mifu"knksa esa izk;% bl izdkj ds okD; feysaxs Jhxhrkth esa egkHkkjr ;q) ds iwoZ JhvtqZu dh
dgh xbZ gS ^^fol`T; l'kja pkia 'kksd lafoXu
^^vUr% izfo"Vk 'kkLrk tukuka lokZRek** ¼rS=vk-
ekul**A1@47 vkSj ^j?kqukFk pys pki lk;d
3A11½ blhfy;s ;gkWa ^csn vl xkor* dk lUnHkZ
xfg* esa ^^fufeÙk ek=a HkolO;lkfpu**A11@33
fn;k x;kA
dk iwjk&iwjk Hkko lek;k gqvk gSA oLrqr% izHkq us
yS lqxzho lax j?kqukFkk A pys pki lqxhz oth dks dsoy deZ dh vkiwfrZ gsrq fufeÙk
lk;d xfg gkFkk AA ek= gh cuk;k gS vU;Fkk ckyh c/k ds lHkh
Jhj?kqukFkth lqxhz o dks lkFk ysdj vius lk/ku rks os Lo;a gh fy;s py jgs gSaA
gkFkksa esa /kuq"k ck.k rc j?kqifr lqxzho iBkok A xtsZfl tkb
/kkj.k djds fdf"dU/kk dh vksj pysA
^yS lqxhz o lax j?kqukFkk& ;gkWa ^yS* dk rkRi;Z gS
fudV cy ikok AA
uxj }kj ij igq¡p x;s rc
fd lqxhz oth vueus o f}/kkxzLr gSaA blfy;s
Jhj?kqukFkth us lqxhz oth dks mRlkfgr djds
izHkq mUgsa Bsyrs gq;s cykr~ vius ^lax* fy;s gq;s
HkstkA izHkq dk lacy ikdj mlus ckyh ds egy
py jgs gSaA lqxhz oth ds eu esa ^lc ifjgfj
ds fudV tkdj xtZuk dhA
dfjgm¡ lsodkbZ* dh Hkkouk ds lkFk&LkkFk mUgsa
^rc j?kqifr lqxhz o iBkok& ^rc* vFkkZr
ckyh ls fiV tkus dk Mj Hkh gS] blfy;s
_";ewd ioZr ls pydj] fdf"dU/kkiqjh ds
vfuPNk ls py jgs gSaA lqxhz oth dk cl pys
uxj&}kj rd igq¡p x;s ^rc*A bldk dkj.k gS
rks Hkkx tk;sa izfl) HkxksMs+ gSa ^ldy Hkqou eSa
fd ouokl ds dkj.k jketh xzke&uxj esa ugha
fQjsm¡ fcgkyk* dg gh pqds gSaA blfy, ^yS
tkrs gSa ^firk cpu eSa uxj u
lqxzho lax* dgkA vkxs y{e.kth dks Hkh lpsr
vkom¡*A6@105@4 blfy;s uxj esa lqxhz oth dks
djsaxs fd lkFk gh ys vkuk ^^Hk; ns[kkb ^yS*
HkstkA ^j?kqifr* dk rkRi;Z gS j?kqdy q dh
vkogq rkr l[kk lqxhz o**A ^j?kqukFkk* dk Hkko
e;kZnkvksa dk ikyu djus okys ,oa ;gk¡ lqxhz oth
pjkpj ds ukFk] 'kkld ls gSA
dk usr`Ro Hkh dj jgs gSa vr% uk;d ds vFkZ esa
^pys pki lk;d xfg gkFkk& /;ku nsa ;gk¡
ifr] ^j?kqifr* dgkA
rjd'k lkFk ysdj pyus dk o.kZu ugha gS tSlk
îBkok*& dk vfHkizk; gS fd uk&uqdj djus ds
fd vU;= lHkh txg ns[kus dks feyrk gS ^^dfV
ckn Hkh izHkq us mUgsa tcju Hkstk gSA D;ksafd
iV ihr dlsa cj ^HkkFkk*] #fpj pki lk;d nqg¡
lqxhz oth ckyh ls fHkM+us dh lkeF;Z vius esa
gkFkk**A1@208@2] ^^dfV dfl ^fu"kax* fclky
ugha ik jgs gSa vkSj muds izopuksa ls gh fl) gS
Hkqt xfg pki fcfl[k lq/kkfj dS**3@18 NanA
fd muesa bPNk 'kfDr Hkh ugha gSA
pw¡fd ckyh dks ,d gh ck.k ls ekjus dh izfrKk
^xtsZfl tkb fudV cy ikok& izHkq uxj ds esa gqvk gSA vxyh pkSikb;ksa esa muds xq.kksa dk
ckgj izrh{kk dj jgs gSa vkSj ckyh dks izHkq ds izfrik| Hkh gqvk gSA dbZ euhf"k;ksa ds erkuqlkj
ikl igq¡pkuk gSA vr% ek;koh okyk gh mik; rks izkr% Lej.kh; iap dU;kvksa esa ^rkjk*
;gk¡ Hkh jpk x;kA lqxhz oth us egy ds lehi gfj'pUnz&rkjkefr okyh u gksdj ;gh oks ^rkjk*
igq¡p dj xtZuk dh ^xtsZfl tkb fudV* rkfd gS&
ckyh fudy dj vkos rks os ek;koh ds leku ^^vgY;k nzksinh lhrk ^rkjk* eanksnjh* rFkkA
gh nkSM+ dj izHkq ds ikl igq¡p tk;sA iapda uk LezsfUuR;a egk ikrd
^cy ikok*& lqxhz oth vius dks fucZy ekurs gSa uk'kue~**AA
vkSj egkcyh lfpoksa ds lax jgdj Hkh ckyh ls vxyh pkSikbZ esa muds xq.kksa dk izfrik| Hkh
Hk;Hkhr jgrs gSa ^rnfi lHkhr jgm¡ eu ekgha* A gqvk gSA lhrk o eanksnjh ds e/; esa ^rkjk* uke
blfy;s izHkq us bUgsa viuk vfer cy fn[kyk;k gksus ls euhf”k;ksa dk er Bhd Hkh yxrk gSA
vkSj ;gk¡ ^cy* nsdj ¼vk'oLr djds½ Hkstk gSA ^xfg dj pju*& Hkko gS fd ckyh ds pj.kksa
xksLokehth us lqxhz oth ds izlax esa cy] egkcy] dks dl dj idM+ fy;k ^^gLrkH;ka pj.kkS /k`Rok
vfrcy vkSj vfer cy bu inksa dh izLrqfr #jksn] izse fog~oyk4@2@33 v-jk-A tc
vR;Ur lqUnj <ax ls dh gSA euu djus ;ksX; eanksnjh Hkh tc jko.k dks le>kus ds fy;s
gSA mldk gkFk idM+ mls vius egy esa ykbZ Fkh
lqur ckfy Øks/kkrqj /kkok A xfg dj rc yxHkx ;gh 'kCn ogk¡ Hkh gaS ^dj xfg*
pju ukfj leq>kokAA ifrfg Hkou fut vkuh*A6@5@3 vkSj tc
vaxn o guqekuth Lo.kZLrEHkksa dks idM+ dj
xtZuk lqurs gh ckyh Øks/kkrqj gksdj
Hkou <gkus yxs rc Hkh ;gh dgk x;k ^îqfu
nkSM+k] rHkh mudh L=h rkjk us ckyh ds pj.kksa
^dj xfg* dapu ds [kaHkk] dgsfUg dfjv mRikr
dks ¼dl dj½ gkFkksa ls idM+ dj mls le>k;kA
vjaHkk**A6@43@6 rkjk vius ifr ckyh ds
^lqur ckfy Øks/kkrqj /kkok& ckyh ds fy;s dgk
gfB izd`fr dks HkyhHkk¡fr tkurh gS vr% mlds
x;k gS fd os fuR; izfr pkjksa leqnzksa ds rV ij
pj.kksa dks dl dj idM+ dj viuh {kerk Hkj
tkdj la/;ksiklu fd;k djrs gSa ^^Øe'k%
mls jksdus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA bls n'kkZus ds
lkxjku lokZu la/;kdkye~ oUnr**7@34@27
fy, ^xfg* in igys j[kk x;k gSA
ok-jk-A dgs dk rkRi;Z gS fd ckyh ,slh nzqrxfr
^leq>kok*& xksLokehth us bl ^leq>kok* in dks
okys gSaA fdUrq lqxhz oth muls Hkh Js"B /kkod
ges'kk gh ,d esa vusd ckrsa le>kus ds vFkZ esa
jgs gSaA blhfy;s vkt rd mudh idM+ esa ugha
iz;qDr fd;k gS& ^^vl dfg izHkq vuqtfg
vk;sA blh vk'kk esa fd vkt HkxksM+k lqxhz o
leq>kbZ] fla/kq lehi x, j?kqjkbZ**A5@50@6
uxj&izkphj ds Hkhrj vk x;k gS] vr% ?ksjk tk
blh ^leq>kok* dks le>us ds fy;s gh vU;
ldrk gS blfy;s os vkrqjrk ls nkSM+ iM+sA ;ksa
jkek;.kksa dks ns[kuk vko';d gks tkrk gSA ;gk¡
Hkh ckyh nq'eu dh yydkj lquus dk vknh ugha
D;k le>k;k gS bldk dqN fooj.k rks gesa vkxs
Fks ^ckyh fjiqcy lgS u ikjk* vr% xtZuk lqurs
ns[kus dks feysxkA
gh nkSM+ iMs+&
^xfg dj pju ukfj leq>kok& ifrczR; /keZ lquq ifr ftUgfg feysm lqxzhok A rs }kS ca/kq
o.kZu esa vuqlqb;kth us dgk gS& ^^/khjt /keZ rst cy lhaok AA
fe= v# ukjh] vkin dky ifjf[kvfga lqfu;s fiz; ifrnso ! ftuls lqxhz oth dk
pkjh**A3@4@7 feyki gqvk gS] fe=rk gqbZ gS] os nksuksa HkkbZ
bl Hkwfedk esa rkjkth v{kj'k% [kjh mrjrh gSaA vR;Ur rstLoh vkSj ije cfy"B gSa] rst&cy
lHkh xzUFkksa esa rkjkth dk o.kZu fonq"kh] uhfrK] dh lhek gh gSA
jktdk;ksZa esa fuiq.k vkSj iw.kZ:is.k ltx ds :i
^lquq ifr ftUgfg feysm lqxzhok& vius drZO; ^dkslysl lqr yfNeu jkek& ^dks'kys'k* in ds
dh vFkJh rks rkjk us ckyh ds pj.kksa dks Fkke }kjk fonq"kh rkjk us ladr s fd;k gS fd ;s
dj gh dj nh Fkh] ;gk¡ ^lquq ifr* ¼ikfrj{krhfr ijkRijczã ds vorkj gSaA nsorkvksa ds le{k tks
ifr%½ ds e`nqlEcks/ku }kjk ckyh dks Hkh mlds czãok.kh gqbZ mlesa dks'kyiqjh esa vorfjr gksus
drZO; dk Lej.k djk;k gSA v/;kRe jkek;.k esa dh ?kks"k.kk gS] ^^rs nljFk dkSlY;k :ik]
dgs ^îkfgekexana jkT;a dqya p gfjiqaxo]** dkslyiqjh izxV uj Hkwik**A1@186@4A ;fn eu
vFkkZr gs okuj Js"B ! esjh] vaxn dh] jkT; esa 'kadk gksrh gks fd ml le; rkjkth mu nsoksa
dh vkSj dqy dh j{kk dhft;s ;gh Hkko ^lquq ds chp esa dgk¡ mifLFkr Fkh rc lek/kku rks gS
ifr* dgus esa gSA ^^lqj eqfu xa/kckZ fefy dfj ^lckZ* xs fcjafp ds
^^ftUgfg feysm*& ;g in lwfpr djrk gS fd yksdk** ;gk¡ vk;k lckZ ¼lc ½ esa os Hkh vk
rkjk ,d dq'ky jktuhfrK ds leku gh jkT; tkrh gSaA vU;Fkk dkslysl&lqr dk vfHkizk;
dh lc xfrfof/k;ksa dh tkudkjh j[krh gaSA mls cusxk fd ;s nksuksa bl fdf"dU/kkjkT; ds
lwpuk dSls feyh bldk fooj.k nsrs gq;s mlus vf/kdkfjd pØorhZ lezkV dks'ky ujs'k
dgk gS fd tc ,d fnu vaxn ou esa x;k Fkk] n'kjFkth ds iq= gSaA n'kjFkth dks pØorh dgk
ogha nwrksa us mlls ;g ckr dgh Fkh& x;k gS ^^fp: thogq¡ lqr pkfj ^pØcfÙkZ*
vaxnLrq dqekjks·;a nljRFk ds**A1@295 dbZ xzUFkksa esa ckyh ds }kjk
oukUreqifuxZr%A00s000000000 n'kjFkth dks dj ¼VsDl½ nsus dk fooj.k Hkh gSA
izo`fÙkLrsu dfFkrk ok-jk- esa Hkh Jhjketh us ckyh ls dgk Hkh gS
pkjSjklhfUuosfnrk**AA4@15@16ok-jk- fd ioZr] ou vkSj dkuuksa ls ;qDr ;g lkjh
blls vaxnth dh lq;ksX;rk vkSj jkT; ds nwrksa i`Foh b{okdq oa'kh jktkvksa dh gS&
dh ltxrk dk Hkh irk pyrk gSA ^^b{okdw.kkfe;a Hkwfe%
^rs }kS cU/kq rst cy lhoka& lalkj esa rst cy l'kSyoudkuuk**4@18@6A
dh lhek ¼lokZf/kd {kerk½ ,d ek= izHkq esa gh ^yfNeu jkek*& fdf"dU/kkiqjh jkT; esa izos'k
dgh tk ldrh gSA rkjk us jketh dks djrs le; Jhy{e.kth gh vkxs Fks] ns[ksa&
^îzy;dky esa izTofyr gqbZ vfXu ds leku ^^dqUnsUnhoj lqUnjkofrcykS** dh VhdkA blfy;s
rstLoh dgk gS ^^jke% ijcykenhZ mUgsa feyh lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij rkjkth us
;qxkUrkfXufjoksfRFkr%**A4@15@19 ok-jk-A blls y{ke.kth dk uke igys fy;k gSA ;ksa y{e.kth
mlds v/;kfRed Kku dk ifjp; Hkh feyrk gSA thokpk;Z gSa vkSj ;g fdf"dU/kkdk.M okuj :fi
oks fonq"kh Hkh gSaA lqxhz oth us izHkq ds fy;s ^cy lk/kdksa dks HkfDr iznku djkus okyk dk.M gSA
^:i* fu/kkuk* fo'ks"k.k fn;k gSA pw¡fd ij iq#"k ;ksa Hkh xq# vkSj xksfoUn esa xq# gh izFke
ds ^:i* dh iz'ka"kk] fo'ks"k dj ifr ds le{k rks iwT;uh; dgs x;s gSa ^^xq# xksfoan nksuksa [kM+s
dnkfi ugha djuh pkfg;s vr% fonq"kh rkjk us dkds ykxwa ik;] cfygkjh xq# vkidh xksfoUn
^rst cy lhoka* gh dgk] izHkq ds :i dh iz'kalk fn;ks crk;** vr% y{e.kth dk uke igys fy;k
mUgksaus ugha dhA x;kA
dkslysl lqr yfNeu jkek A dkygq thfr ^dkygq thfr ldfga laxzkek& y{e.kth egkdky
¼'kadjth½ ds vorkj gSaA ewfPNZr y{e.kth dks
ldfga laxzkek AA lpsr djrs gq;s izHkq us dgk gS fd rqe dky ds
os dks'ky&ujs'k ds lqr vFkkZr~ bl Hkwfe
Hkh Hk{kd vkSj nsoksa ds j{kd gks ^^dg j?kqchj
ds Lokeh pØorhZ jktk Jhn'kjFkth ds iq=
le>q ft;¡ Hkzkrk] rqe d`rkUr HkPNd lqj
y{e.k vkSj jke gSaA ;s nksuksa gh laxkz e esa
=krk**A6@83@6 vkSj Jhy{e.kth us Hkh
lk{kkr~ dky dks Hkh thr ldrs gSaA
lkadfs rd ‘kCnksa esa Lo;a dk ifjp; egkdky ds
vFkZ esa gh fn;k gS ^^rqEg rkS ^dkyq* gk¡d tuq ^tkSa dnkfp eksfg ekjfga& izk;% lHkh yksx
ykok] ckj ckj eksfg ykfx cksykok**A1@274@1 ^dnkfp* dk vFkZ dnkfpr gh djrs gSa tcfd
vkSj jketh rks dky ds Hkh egkdky gSa] ^tkSa* in dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ Hkh dnkfpr] ;fn]
foHkh”k.kth us gh dgk ^^rkr jke ufg uj 'kk;n] laHkor% bR;kfn gh gksrk gS ^^tkSa* lcds
Hkwikyk] Hkqous'oj dkygq dj dkyk**A5@38@1] jg X;ku ,djl] bZ'oj thofg Hksn dggq
oLrqr% fonq”kh rkjkth us ^dkygq thfr* in ds dl**A7@77@5 ^tkSa* rqEgkfj vuqlklu ikokSa*A
}kjk izHkq ds ,s'o;Z dks n'kkZ;k gS] lkFk gh ckyh ;g Hkh ekuysa fd xksLokehth 'kCn dh
dks lko/kku fd;k gS fd vius egkcy ds Hkze vuko';d iqujko`fÙk dHkh ugha djrsA ^dnkfp*
esa u jguk ;s nksuksa ca/kq dky dks Hkh iNkM+us dk laf/k foPNsn ^dn&vkfpr* gksrk gSA vkSj
okyksa esa gSAa laLd`r esa ^dn* dk vFkZ cqjk] dqfRlr] fuafnr gS
nksgk&dg ckyh lquq Hkh# fiz; lenjlh vkSj ^vkfpr* dk vFkZ gS vftZr] ,df=r ,oa
^dnkfp* dk HkkoFkZ gqvk¾vftZr iwoZ iki deZA
j?kqukFk A00 ^dnkfp* in ls Li"V gS fd ckyh dks vius
tkSa dnkfp eksfg ekjfga rkS iqfu gksm¡ vijk/k dk cks/k gS] bl ^dnkfp* esa mldh
lukFk AA7AA vLi"V lh Lohd`fr Hkh fufgr gSA ;fn ckyh
ckyh us dgk gs LoHkko ls gh bls Li"V Lohdkj dj ysos rks rkjk mls tkus gh
Hkh#rk&fiz; fiz;s ! lquks] os Jhj?kqukFkth gSa u nsos vFkok izHkq Lo;a gh mlds vijk/k dks
¼pjkpj esa O;kIr lHkh ds ukFk gSa½A mudh n`f"V {kek dj nsosaA ok-jk- esa ckyh us ekuk Hkh gS fd
esa lHkh leku gSaA ;fn ¼esjs dqfRlr deZ ds ^^rkjk }kjk jksds tkus ij Hkh eSa vkids }kjk
dkj.k½ os eq>s ekj Hkh nsxas rks eSa iqu% lukFk gks vius o/k dh bPNk ls gh Hkzkrk lqxhz o ls ;q)
tkÅaxk] izHkq dk ojngLr izkIr gks tk;sxkA djus ds fy;s vk;k Fkk&
^dg ckyh&lenjlh j?kqukFk& jke&y{e.k dgus ^^RoÙkks·ga o/kekdka{ku~ ok;Zek.kks·fi
ds LFkku ij j?kqukFk dgus esa ckyh dk Hkko gS rkj;kA
fd rqeus rks vkt lquk gS fd Jhjketh vk;s gSa lqxzhos.k lg Hkzkrk
eSa rks cgqr fnu ls tkurk gw¡ fd i`Foh dk Hkkj }U};q)eqikxr%**AA4@18@57
vigj.k djus ds fy;s lk{kkr~ fuf[ky ^rkS iqfu gksm¡ lukFk& dbZ jkek;.kh ^rkS* in dk
czãk.Mf/kuk;d Jhjketh ds :i esa vorh.kZ gq;s vFkZ rqe djds bldk Hkko nsrs gSa fd ;fn eSa
gSaA Jhjketh rks len'khZ gSa mudk viuk ;k ekjk Hkh x;k rks gs rkjk ! rqe lqxhz o dh iRuh
ijk;k i{k ugha gS & cu dj fQj Hkh lukFk gh jgksxhA fdUrq ;gk¡
^^jkeks ukjk;.k% lk{knorh"ksZ·f[ky izHkq%AA iz;qDr ^gksm¡* in dk ,d ek= vFkZ êS gksmxk¡*
HkwHkjgj.kkFkZ; Jqra iwoZ e;ku?ksA AA4@2@36v-jkgh gksrk gS& ^dfc u ^gksm¡* ufg cpu izchuw*1@8@8
Loi{k% iji{kks ok ukfLr rL; ijkReu%**AA4@2@36v-jk- ;gk¡ ;g Hkh fopkj.kh; gS fd rkjk tSlh ^fonq"kh*
/;ku jgs ftl lenf'kZrk dh nqgkbZ ;gk¡ efgyk bl izdkj dk vkgr djus okyk
ckyh ns jgs gSa] mlds fo"k; esa izHkq viuk vk'oklu lgu dj ik;sxh\ og mls ;ksa ejus
n`f"Vdks.k igys gh j[k pqds gSa ^^lenjlh eksfg tkus nsxh\
dg lc dksÅ] lsod fiz; vuU;xfr lksÅ**A vl dfg pyk egk vfHkekuh A rù leku
izHkq dk Li"V ladr s gS fd eSa ml izdkj dk
len'khZ ugha gw¡ tks fd lh/ks lkns vuU;xfr
lqxzhofg tkuh AA
okys thoksa ¼lsodksa½ ij gksrs gq;s vR;kpkj dks rkjk ds le{k bl izdkj Kku c?kkj
rVLFk jg dj ns[krk jgsA dj ckyh ogk¡ ls pyk fdUrq ekul ds oDrkvksa
us mls Kkuh u dg dj egk vfHkekuh ls
vkjksfir fd;k gSA D;ksafd tks j?kqukFkth dks
len'khZ dgus okyk ckyh gS og vHkh Hkh eu esa fHkjs mHkkS ckyh vfr rtkZ A eqfBdk ekfj
lqxhz oth dks r`.k ds leku gh rqPN tku jgk egk/kqfu xtkZ AA
gSA os nksuksa gh eYy ;ks/kkvksa ds leku fHkM+
^vl dfg pyk egk vfHkekuh& ^pyk* dk Hkko x;sA ckyh us lqxhz o dks cgqr Mjk;k /kedk;k
gS fd rkjk ds lax gq;s bl fparu&euu ds vkSj fQj tksjnkj ?kw¡lk ¼eqDdk½ ekj dj
QyLo:i ckyh viuh LoHkkoxr vknr ¼/kkok egk/ofu ls xtZuk dhA
ckfy nsf[k lks Hkkxk½ ;kus nkSM+uk Hkwy x;kA tSls ^fHkjs mHkkS ckyh vfr rtkZ& rtZuk dk rkRi;Z
;gk¡ rkjk us ckyh dks le>k;k gS oSls gh Mjkuk vkSj yydkjuk ¼mRlkg o/kZu djuk½
guqekuth us Hkh jko.k dks le>k;k Fkk ^lqugq nksuksa gh gSaA tSls fd yadk ds v[kkM+ksa esa eYy
eku rft eksj fl[kkou*A tSls ;gk¡ ckyh us ;ks)k ,d nwljs dks yydkj jgsa gSa&
^^dgq¡ eky nsg fclky lSy leku vfr cy
rkjk dk dgk ugh ekuk oSls gh ogk¡ jko.k us
^xtZgha*A00000
Hkh guqekuth dk dgk ugha ekukA vr% ukuk v[kkjsUg fHkjfga cgqfcf/k ,d ,dUg
xksLokehth us bu nksuksa dks gh egk vfHkekuh dh ^rtZgha**AA 5@2Nan
inoh ls Hkwf"kr fd;k gS ^^cksyk fcgfl êgk vfHkekuh*] feyk ;k fQj nwr ‘kqd ds dFkukuqlkj okujx.k
gefg dfi xqj cM+X;kuh**5@23@2A ,d&nwts ds mRlkg lao/kZu gsrq xtZu&rtZu dj
^rù leku lqxzhofg tkuh& ;gk¡ ckyh ftls ^r`.k jgs gSa ^^xtZfga rtZfga lgt valdk] ekugq¡ xzlu
le> jgk gS mlds lax rks lk{kkr ukjk;.k pgr gfga yadk**5@54@8A fdUrq ckyh dh
i/kkjs gq;s gSaA fdUrq tc v¡xnth jko.k dh rtZuk bu nksuksa ls gh fHkUu gS] Bhd oSlh gh gS
lHkk esa x;s Fks] rc os vdsys gh FksA vkSj ogk¡ tSlh fd Jhguqekuth egkjkt us v{k;dqekj ds
mUgksaus viuk ik¡o l'krZ jksi fn;k Fkk ^^tkSa ee lax vk;s fu'kkpjksa dks ns[k dj ^^vkor nsf[k
pju ldfl lB Vkjh] fQjfg jkeq lhrk eSa fcVi xfg ^rtkZ*] rkfg fuikfr egk/kqfu
xtkZ**5@17@8A
gkjh**A6@33@9 fdUrq ml ik¡o dks ^dksfVUg
igys rks isM+ m[kkM+dj Jhguqekuth us
es?kukn le lqHkV* Hkh ugha Vky ik;sA bl ij
}kjk v{k; dks Mjk;k fQj rtZu ds }kjk mls
Hkxoku lnkf'ko us lqanj lh fVIi.kh djrs gq;s yydkjk vkSj rc mldk o/k djds mlds
dgk fd gs mek ! Jhj?kqukFkth dk vkfJr ;fn leFkZdksa dks mdlkus ds fy;s gh xtZuk dh Fkh]
^r`.k* Hkh gks rks otz ds leku cu tkrk gSA oSls gh xtZuk ;gk¡ ckyh us lqxhz oth ds leFkZd
vkSj mudk nzksgh ;fn otz ds leku Hkh gks rks Jhjketh dks mdlkus ds fy;s dh gSA ;gk¡
fruds ds leku gks tkrk gS ^^rù* rs dqfyl ^vfr* in ¼vfr rtkZ½ nsus dk vfHkizk; gS fd
dqfyl ^rù* djbZ] ^rklq nwr* iu dgq fdfe ckyh us mdlkus esa Hkh vfrØe.k fd;k gSA
VjbZ**A6@34@8] fQj vaxn rks mudk nwr gh êqfBdk ekfj egk/kqfu xtkZ& lqxhz oth us tkdj
gS vr% mldk ç.k dSls Vy ldrk gSA tks xtZuk dh Fkh ^xtsZfl tkb fudV cy ikok*]
;ksa jko.k ds le{k ekrk tkudhth us ckyh us mlh dk izR;qÙkj
Hkh ,d NksVk lk r`.k izHkq dk Lej.k djds /kj êqfBdk*¾ êgk eqf"V* izgkj djds vkSj
fr;k Fkk ^^rù /kfj vksV dgfr CkSnsgh] lqfefj êgk/ouhxtZuk* ds }kjk fd;k gSA bl êgk
vo/kifr ije Lusgh**A ije vk’p;Z! ftlds /kqfu* esa tgk¡ ckyh dk vagdkj fufnZ"V gS ogha
fy;s dSyk’k mBkuk [ksy Fkk ^tsfga dkSrqd flo izHkq ds fy;s pqukSrh Hkh gS ftls ^vfr rtkZ* esa
lSyq mBkok*1@291@8 ogh jko.k ml ^r`.k* dh lksnkgj.k Li"V fd;k gSA
Hkh voKk ugha dj ik;kA ;gk¡ rks Lo;a jketh rc lqxzho fcdy gksb Hkkxk A eqf"V izgkj
lqxhz oth ds lkFk gSa bldh tkudkjh gksus ds ckn ctz le ykxk AA
Hkh mUgsa r`.k le>uk êgkvfHkeku* gh dgk
tk;sxkA
rc lqxhz oth O;kdqy gksdj HkkxsA ckyh iwoZ½ dgk Fkk fd ;g esjk ca/kq gS] ugha ;g rks
dk og Hkkjh eqf"V izgkj mUgsa bUnz ds ctzk?kkr ¼okLro esa½ esjk dky gh gSA
ds leku yxkA êSa tks dgk j?kqchj dìkyk& ;gk¡ ^j?kqchj
^rc lqxzho fcdy gksb Hkkxk& ^rc* vFkkZr ckyh dìkyk* ;s nks fo'ks"k.k izHkq ls {kek ;kpuk ds
ls fiVdj vkSj j?kqukFkth dh vksj ls vk'oklu :i esa dgs x;s gSa ;fn bu fo'ks"k.kksa dks gVkdj
ds vuq:i dksbZ izfrfØ;k u ikdj] lqxhz oth i<+sxas rks gh lqxhz oth ds dFkuksidFku ls
_";ewd ioZr dh vksj Hkkx [kM+s gq;s ^^vi';u mijksDr Hkko dk esy [kk;sxkA lqxhz oth us ou
jk?koa ukFke`";ewda iznqnzqos**4@12@21ok-jk-A esa clus dk dkj.k crkrs le; HkkbZ HkkbZ esa
^Hkkxk*& Li"V rkRi;Z gS fd dksbZ ihNk dj jgk ^dNq* izhfr dgh Fkh ^ûkFk ckfy vkSj eSa }kS
gS vksSj mlls cpus ds fy, gh Hkkxuk iM+ jgk HkkbZ] izhfr jgh dNq cjfu u tkbZ**A Kku
gSA vU; jkek;.k esa rks buds chp gq;s eYy mitus ds ckn mUgksaus ckyh dks ijefgrq Hkh
;q) dk cgqr o.kZu gS fdUrq xksLokehth us ek= crk fn;k Fkk ^^ckfy îjefgr* tklq izlknk]
,d ?kw¡ls dks mYys[k fd;k gSA blfy;s êqfBdk* feysgq jke rqEg leu fc"kknk**A ;gk¡ vius
vkSj êqf"V izgkj* nksuksa gh ,d opu j[ks gSaA iwoksZDr dFkuksa dk [k.Mu djrs gq;s lqxhz oth us
izHkq dh ea'kk lqxhz oth dks fiVokus dh FkksM+s gh Lohdkj fd;k gS fd os /kkj.kk;sa vlR; Fkha lR;
FkhA os rks lqxhz oth ds izfr ckyh dh eukso`fÙk rks ;gh gS fd ckyh esjk HkkbZ ugha oLrqr% esjk
?kkrd gS ;k ugha bls Lo;a ij[kuk pkgrs Fks dky gSSA oLrqr% mUgsa bldh izrhfr djkus ,oa
vkSj lqxhz oth dks Hkh fofnr djkuk pkgrs Fks fd muds eq¡g ls ;gh ckr dgyokus ds fy;s gh izHkq
^ckfy ije fgr* ugha gSA blhfy;s mls va'kek= ogk¡ bruh nsj fuf"Ø; [kM+s jgs FksA
cy fn;k Fkk rkfd izfrfØ;k 'kh?kz ekywe gks ^j?kqchj dìkyk*& ;s nks fo'ks"k.k gsaS vksSj nksu ksa gh
ldsA vr% lqxhz oth ek= ,d ?kw¡ls dh pksV ls nks fHkUu jlksa ds] ;Fkk ^j?kqchj* ohj jl dk gS
gh m[kM+ x;sA rks ^dìkyk* d#.k jl gSA vkSj xksLokehth us
êqf"V izgkj ctz le ykxk& ckyh bUnz ds iq= izFke gh dg j[kk gS fd tgk¡ Hkh ^^Hkko Hksn
gSa vkSj ôtz* bUnz dk izeq[k 'kL= gSA tksfd jl Hksn vikjk** dh izrhfr gks ;k dfork esa
o`Ùkklqj o/k gsrq tks rhu vk;q/kkL= n/khfp _f"k nks"k fn[krk gks rks tkus fd og izlax fofo/k
dh gM~fM;ksa ds }kjk cuk;s x;s Fks ¼1½ 'kadjth izdkj ds xq.kksa ls lEiUu gS ^dfcr nks"k] xqu
ds fy, fiukd@vtxo ¼2½ Hkxoku fo".kq ds fcfc/k izdkjk*A1@8@10 ;gk¡ bu fo'ks"k.kksa esa
fy, lkjax vksSj ¼3½ Lo;a bUnz ds fy, ;gh lqxhz oth dk fn;k gqvk mikyEHk Hkh fNik gqvk
ôtz* cuk FkkA ^vkRek oS tk;rs iq=%* bl gS] Hkko gS fd vki vk;s rks esjs lax ohjksfpr
ifjikfV ls ckyh esa Hkh bUnz nso ds vusdkusd dk;Z djus ds fy;s] ckyh dk
xq.k ¼voxq.k½ LoHkkfod :i ls fo|eku gSA o/k djus ds fy;s] fdUrq dìk ds LFkku ij
blhfy;s muds gkFkksa esa Hkh ctz ds leku vkius eq>s fiVok fn;kA v/;kRe jkek;.k esa
fof'k"V 'kfDr gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fo'o dk mUgksaus ,slk dgk Hkh gS ^gs j?kqukFkth ! gs
dksbZ Hkh eYy ;ks)k muds lkeus dHkh Hkh fVd 'kj.kkxr oRly ! eq>s fo'okl fnyk dj vc
ugha ik;kA vkSj lqxhz oth Hkh tks vkt bl ôtz vkius esjh mis{kk D;ksa dh\
le* eqf"V izgkj ls thfor cps gSa rks og izHkq ^^j?kqÙke mis{kls fdeFkZa eka
inÙk ^cy* ds dkj.k ghA 'kj.kkxroRly**4@2@12A
eSa tks dgk j?kqchj dìkyk A ca/kq u gksb ^ca/kq u gksb eksj ;g dkyk& bl v)kZyh esa
^êksj ^;g* dkyk** dk ^;g* in egRoiw.kZ
eksj ;g dkyk AA lwpuk nsus ds fy;s gh latks;k x;k gSA
izHkq ds ikl igq¡pdj mUgksaus dgk gS ygw&yksfgr gq;s lqxhz oth us rks viuh tku
j?kqohjth ! gs dìkyq ! eSus vkils tks ¼blds fdlh izdkj Hkkx dj] ckyh ds fy;s izos'k
fuf"k) LFkku _";ewd ioZr ij igq¡pdj] cpkbZ /;kukd"kZ.k djkus ds fy;s gh izHkq us ^Lojs.k* ds
gSA oLrqr% eYy;q) dk fu;e ;g gS fd ;fn lkFk&lkFk ôkD;S'p* tSlk lekukFkhZ 'kCn iqu% iz;qDr
izfr}Unh eSnku NksM+ dj Hkkx jgk gks rks fotsrk fd;k gSA
dks Hkh ykSV tkuk pkfg;sA fdUrq ckyh rks ^rsfg Hkze rsa ufga ekjsm¡ lksÅ& bl v)Zkyh esa
lqxhz oth dk o/k djus ds fy;s gh muds ihNs ^lksÅ* in /;ku nsus ;ksX; gSA ^lksÅ* dk
ihNs ;gk¡ rd pys vk;s gSa vkSj vya?; lhek 'kkfCnd vFkZ mls Hkh] og Hkh] ogh bR;kfn gksrk
ij [kM+s gksdj xtZuk dj jgs gSaA blh rF; dh gS ^^cj"k lgl nl R;kxsm ^lksÅ**1@144@1A
vksj /;kukd"kZ.k djkus ds fy;s gh lqxhz oth us ;g ^lksÅ* in Lo;a esa gh fu'p; okpd 'kCn
^;g dkyk* in ls ogk¡ [kM+s ckyh dh vksj gS] bls iz;ksx djus ds ckn Hkh ckyh dks
b’kkjk fd;k gSA ?kj ykSV x;s gksrs ;k ogha eSnku igpkuus esa lafnX/krk dgk¡ jg tkrh gS\ oLrqr%
esa gh [kM+s jgrs rks ôg dkyk* 'kCn i<+us dks izHkq us ckyh dks phUg dj Hkh ugha ekjk gS]
feyrkA okYehfd jkek;k.k esa Hkh ckyh }kjk lkspus le>us dk mls ,d volj vksSj iznku
DykUr vkSj ygwyqgku lqxhz oth dk erax eqfu ds fd;k gSA nksuksa HkkbZ ,d ls ,d c<+dj
vkJe rd ihNk djus dk o.kZu gS& ijekfFkZd Hkk"kk cksy jgs gaS] tgk¡ lqxhz oth ckyh
^^DykUrks :f/kjflrkax% dks îje fgrS"kh* crk jgs gSa rks ogha ckyh
izgkjStZtZjhd`r%A j?kqukFkth dks ^len'khZ*
okfyukfHknzqr% Øks/kkr izfoos'k U;k;k/kh'k Bgjk jgs gSaA izHkq us Hkh fu.kZ; fy;k
egkoue~**AA4@12@22 fd nksuksa dks ijekfFkZd rRo dk Kku gS vkSj os
,d:i rqEg Hkzkrk nksÅ A rsfg Hkze rsa ufga eq>s Hkh tku x;s gSaA vr% HkkbZ&HkkbZ Lo;a gh
ekjsm¡ lksÅ AA fuiVkjk dj ysxa]s blfy;s izHkq Hkh len'khZ cu
'khyxq.kfu/kku jkethus lqxhz oth dks x;sA oLrqr% izHkq dk y{; ;fn ckyh dks ekjuk
le>krs gq;s dgk fd pw¡fd rqe nksuksa HkkbZ ,d gh gksrk rks tc lqxhz oth izk.k cpkdj Hkkx jgs
leku gks] nksuksa dh vkd`fr] izd`fr] Loj] Fks vkSj ckyh mUgsa ekjus ds fy;s muds ihNs
pky&<ky bR;kfn esa ,d:irk gSA blh Hkzeo'k nkSM+us dk midze dj jgs Fks rc mu pUn {k.kksa
eSusa mls ¼Hkh½ ugha ekjkA esa gh izHkq ckyh ij rhj la/kku dj ldrs FksA
^,d :i rqEg Hkzkrk nksÅ & okYehfd jkek;.k esa ;ksa Hkh izHkq ds ck.k veks?k dgykrs gSa& ^^ftfe
^veks?k* j?kqifr dj ckuk** vkSj fQj okYehfd
izHkq us dgk gS ^lqxhz o! os'kHkw"kk ls] dn&dkBh ls
jkek;.k ds vuqlkj rks ckyh ds xys esa bUnzinÙk
vkSj pky<ky ls rqe vkSj ckyh nksuksa ,d nwljs
fnO; ekyk Hkh iM+h] gqbZ Fkh ftls ejus ds iwoZ
ls feyrs tqyrs gksA Loj ls Hkh ¼Lojs.k½ dkfUr]
muus lqxhz oth dks ns nh Fkh ^^beka p ekyk
n`f"V] ijkØe vkSj cksy pky ls Hkh ¼okD;S'p½
ek/kRlk fnO;k lqxhz oa dkapuhe~**4@22@16A
eq>s rqe nksuksa esa Hksn ugha tku iM+kA blh :i
ftlls mls phUgk tk ldrk FkkA lkjka'k gS fd
lkn`';rk ls eksfgr gksdj eSus 'k=qfugUrk ck.k
lqxhz oth dh izcy bPNk O;Dr fd;s fcuk izHkq
ugha NksM+k
ckyh dks ekjuk ugha pkgrs FksA lkFk gh ckyh
^^Lojs.k opZlk pSo izsf{krsu p
dks viuh mifLFkfr dk Hkku ckyh dks Hkh
okujA0000000000
djkuk pkgrs FksA
foØes.k p okD;S'pO;fDra oka
uksiy{k;sAA0000000000
dj ijlk lqxzho ljhjk A ruq Hkk dqfyl
rrks·ga :ilkn`';kUeksfgrks xbZ lc ihjk AA
okujksÙke~A4@12@31&32 dìkfu/kku us lqxhz oth ds lkjs 'kjhj ij
oLrqr% mijksDr lkn`';rk ds lkFk&lkFk nksuksa viuk gkFk QsjkA izHkq dh bl vuqdEik ls
HkkbZ;ksa dh Hkk"kk Hkh ijekFkZ Hkjh gqbZ gSA blh vksj mudk iwjk ru gh ^dqfy'k* ¼otz½ ds leku
dBksj gks x;kA vkSj lkjh ihM+k frjksfgr gks fctyh ¼fo|qr½ izokfgr jgrh gSA tksfd ioZrksa
xbZA dks Hkh rksM+ Mkyrh gSA ;g rks lqxhz oth esa izHkq
dj ijlk lqxzho ljhjk& lqxhz oth us ljdkj dks iznÙk cy Fkk blfy;s os cp x;sA vLrq bl
rkuk fn;k Fkk ^^mis{kls fdeFkZa eka 'kj.kkxroRly**] ckj izHkq us lqxhz oth ds leLr ‘kjhj dks gh
vkSj mlds ,ot esa nhucU/kq us ,slk vkReh;rk dqfy'k ¼ctz½ cuk fn;kA oLrqr% jketh gh r`.k
Hkjk O;ogkj fd;k gS fd ftldh dYiuk gh ugha dks dqfy'k vkSj dqfy'k dks r`.k cukus okys gSa
dh tk ldrhA nnZ fuokj.k dk tks dk;Z ek= ^^t; jke tks rù rs dqfyl dj] dqfyl rs dj
ns[kus ls gh gks tkrk gS ^^jke dìk dfj tqxy rù lgh**A6@80@Nan vr% blesa mUgsa dksbZ
fugkjs] Hk, ^fcxrJe* ije lq[kkjs**A6@45@2] Je ;k le; FkksM+k gh yxuk FkkA
^^jke dìk dfj fprok lcgh] Hk, ^fcxr Je* ^xbZ lc ihjk*& jketh gh Dys’ka gfjrhfr gfj
ckuj rcgh**A 6@47@2] vFkok ek= ,d gSa vr% leLr 'kjhj dh Hkh vkSj eu dh Hkh
LFkku ij Li'kZ djus ls ^^dj ljkst ^flj ijlsm* ihM+k gj yhA eu esa tks eyky] mykgus dk
dìkfla/kq j?kqchj**A3@30 gks ldrk FkkA mlds fy;s Hkko vk x;k Fkk] og Hkh lgykus ls lekIr gks
izHkq us lqxhz oth ds lkjs 'kjhj dks] nnZ okys x;kA
lHkh LFkkuksa dks lgyk;k gS tSlk fd vkxs blh esyh daB lqeu dS ekyk A iBok iqfu cy
dk.M esa guqekuth ds eLrd dks Lusg ls nsb fclkyk AA
lgyk;saxs ^îjlk lhl ljks#g ikuh] dj eqfnzdk izHkq us lqxhz oth ds d.B esa Qwyksa dh
nhfUg tu tkuh**4@22@10A ekyk Mky nhA mUgsa fQj fo'kky cy nsdj]
izHkq ds ^dj deyksa* ;kus gkFk ds fy;s mudk pkSeq[kh mRlkg&o/kZu djds yM+us ds fy;s
izk;% dey ;k mldk i;kZ;okph 'kCn dk iz;ksx HkstkA
gksrk vk;k gSA ;q) izlax esa Hkh ^^nqgq¡ ^dj êsyh d.B lqeu dS ekyk& izHkq us ^,d :i
dey* lq/kkjr ckuk** gh o.kZu rqEg Hkzkrk nksÅ* dgk FkkA nksuksa HkkbZ;ksa esa
feysxkA6@10@6] Åij guqekuth ds mnkgj.k igpku cukus ds fy;s Jhjketh us Lo;a gh
esa ^ljks#g ikuh* gS rks tVk;wth okys izlax esa lqxhz oth ds d.B esa ekyk iguk nhA laHkor%
Hkh ^dj ljkst* in vk;k gS] fdUrq ;gk¡ ^dj* Jhjketh us Lo;a gh igukbZ gSA fdUrq okYehfd
ds lkFk og dey in ugha gS\ vHkh fe= /keZ jkek;.k esa ;g dk;Z jkekuqt Jhy{e.kth
esa izHkq us dgk Fkk ^^fcifr dky dj lrxqu ¼thokpk;Z½ ds }kjk djok;k x;k gS ^^y{e.kks
usgk**] vr% mlh Lusg ls ;gk¡ izHkq lqxhz oth ds xtiq"iha rka rL;d.Bs O;ltZ;r**A4@12@40
leLr 'kjhj ij gkFk Qsj jgs gSa] nnZ okys vFkkZr Jhy{e.kth us xtiq"ih dh yrk lqxhz oth
LFkkuksa dks lgyk jgs gSaA pw¡fd eYy;ks)kvksa dks ds xys esa Mky nhA d.B esa ekyk Mkyus dh
lgykus dk dk;Z Qwy tSls dksey gkFkksa ls ugha ppkZ ogk¡ okYehfdth us delsde N% ckj dh
gks ldrk vkSj lqxhz oth ds 'kjhj dks ctz Hkh gSA pkSngosa lxZ esa Hkh dgk gS fd gs ohj ! rqe
cukuk gS vr,o] ;gk¡ dksey dey dh miek d.B esa /kkj.k dh gqbZ bl yrk ls cM+h 'kksHkk
ugha nh xbZA HkDr oRly Hkxoku vkSj lw{e ik jgs gks ^^'kksHk ls·I;f/kda ohj yr;k
n`”Vk xksLokeh nksuksa gh /kU; gSA d.Blä;k**4@14@9A ekuleeZKksa] o
^ruq Hkk dqfyl xbZ lc ihjk& ckyh dh n`f"V esa jkek;f.k;ksa dk dguk gS fd izHkq us lqxzhoth ds
lqxhz oth gesa'kk gh rqPN jgsA fHkM+us ds iwoZ Hkh d.B esa thokpk;Z y{e.kth ls ekyk Myokdj
mlus mUgsa r`.k gh le>k Fkk ^rù leku mUgsa oS".koh laLdkj esa ^nhf{kr* fd;k gSA ;gk¡
lqxzhofg tkuh* fdUrq mu ij mlus tks êqf"V ^d.B* in nh{kk laLdkj dh vksj ladr s djus
izgkj* fd;k Fkk og izk.k gjus okyk ctzk?kkr ds fy;s gh j[kk x;k gSA vU;Fkk ^Hkkys
FkkA iqjk.kkfn dFkkvksa ds vuqlkj bUnz ds ctz esa ckyfo/kqxZys p xjya* 2@ea- ‘yksd@ ds vuqlkj
vFkok ^xy* v¡rkofj esygha* 6@80Nan ds leku fQj ckyh vkSj lqxhz oth esa ukuk izdkj
;gk¡ Hkh ^xy* 'kCn iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk FkkA ds nk¡o ispksa ls] ykr ?kw¡lksa ls vkSj fo'kky o`{k
bl 'kj.kkxfr dh izfØ;k ds ckn gh yxrk gS vkSj iRFkjksa ds izgkj ls Hkh yM+kbZ gqbZA
fd bUgsa ^lqdB a * uke feyk gS ^^jke ^lqdaB* Jhj?kqqoa'kh jktkjketh o`{k dh vksV ls muds
fcHkh"k.k nksÅ] jk[ks lju tku lcq ;q) dkS'ky dks ns[k jgs gSaA
dksÅ**1@24@1A bl ^jke uke* ijd dk.M esa îqfu ukuk fcf/k HkbZ yjkbZ& tks lqxhz oth vHkh
daB esa ekyk Mkyus dk vFkZ ^d.Bh ekyk* ls ,d eqf"V izgkj ugha >sy ik;s Fks] ftUgsa lius esa
^nhf{kr* djuk gh lVhd yxrk gSA Hkh ckyh ds lax yM+us esa Hk; yxrk Fkk ^^lius
;ksa lqxhz oth ds xys esa ekyk Mkyus dk eq[; tsfg lu gksb yjkbZ] tkxs leq>r eu ldqpkbZ**
/;s; ckyh dks lpsr djus ls gSA os bl os gh vc izHkq&iznÙk cy ls nfiZr gq;s ckyh ls
d.Bhekyk ls tku tk;sa fd lqxhz oth dks izHkq dk oSls gh ?kksj ?keklku dj jgs gSa tSls fd o`=klqj
vkJ; izkIr gS vc muds fgrkfgr ¼;ksx{kse½ dk o bUnz dj jgs Fks ^^r;ks;qZ)eHkwn~ ?kksja ò=oklo;ksfjo**
vkSj 'k=q&fe=dk Hkh /;ku izHkq dks gh j[kuk gSA 4@16@29 ok-jk-A
îBok iqfu cy nsbZ fclkyk& lqxhz oth igys Hkh ^fcVi vksV ns[kfga j?kqjkbZ& ^fcVi vksV* rkRi;Z
ckyh ls yM+us ds fy;s viuh vfuPNk ls gh gS ;kus fd e/;e Js.kh ds isM+ dh vkM+ ls]
x;s FksA vc fiV dj vkus ds ckn rks mUgksaus tSlk fd ^[kk,fl Qy v# ^fcVi
izHkq ls Li"V dg fn;k fd ^gs jketh ! D;k mikjs*5@17@4 esa o.kZu gS vU;Fkk ;gk¡ fcVi
vki bl Hkzkrk :ih 'k=q ls eq>s ejokuk pkgrs fclkyk fy[kk gksrk ^rsfg fxfj ij cV ^fcVi*
gSa \ gs izHkks ! ;fn ,slh bPNk gS rks vki Lo;a fclkyk*1@105@2A vkSj fQj guqekuth dh
gh eq>s ekj Mkfy;s&^^fda eka ?kkr;ls jke 'k=q.kk Hkk¡fr j?kqjkbZ us Lo;a dks isM+ksa ds iÙkksa ls fNik
Hkkr`:fi.kkA Hkh ugha j[kk gS ^r# iYYko egq¡ jgk
;fn e)uus OkkaNk Roeso tfg eka yqdkbZ*5@8@1A cfYd ¼1½ viuh mifLFkfr dk
foHkksAA4@2@11v-jk- Hkku djkus ds fy;s gh izHkq us lqxhz oth ds d.B
bl ij izHkq us iqu% ckyh o/k dh 'kiFk [kkbZ gS esa ekyk Mky j[kh gSA ¼2½ vkSj ckyh ;fn pkgs
^^jkeks·ga Roka 'kis HkzkrgZfu";kfe fjiqa rks mUgsa ns[k lds bl <ax ls os [kM+s Hkh gSa blh
{k.kkr~**A4@2@15 vkSj y{e.kth us Hkh mUgsa ckr dk mYys[k mUgksaus êe Hkqt cy vkfJr
¼fot;½ ekyk iguk dj tkvks tkvks dg dj rsfg tkuh* esa fd;k gSA foVi dh vksV oLrqr%
¼tcju Hkstk gS½ ^^y{e.kLrq rnk cn~/ok xPN e;kZnk ikyu djus okyksa ds fy;s ,d ijnk ek=
xPNsfr lknje~A**4@2@17 bUgha Hkkoksa dks ;gkWa gSS tSlsfd vk;Zdy q dh 'khy&e;kZnk&j{k.k gsrq
îBok iqfu cy nsbZ* ds }kjk O;Dr fd;k gSA r`.k ek= dh vksV le{k j[kdj lhrk vEck us
^cy nsb fclkyk*& /;ku nsosa & lqxzhoth ds dgs jk{kljkt jko.k ls okrkZ dh Fkh ^^r`.k /kfj vksV
vuqlkj ^^ckfy êgkcy* vfr ju/khjk** gSA dgr cSnsgh**
fdUrq izHkq us mUgsa blds iwoZ Hkh ^cy* gh nsdj ^ns[kfga j?kqjkbZ* & tgk¡ Hkh j?kqjkbZ] j?kqjkÅ]
Hkstk Fkk vkSj vc Hkh lqxhz oth dks ^fo'kky cy* j?kqjk;k] dks'kyifr
gh iznku fd;k gS ufd êgkcy*\ rkfd la?k"kZ esa dks'kyk/kh'k vkSj dkS'kyjkt bR;kfn 'kCnksa dk
os ckyh ds izgkj ls ejus ikosa vkSj u gh os iz;ksx gqvk gS ogk¡ bu 'kCnksa ds }kjk pØorhZ
Lo;a fu.kkZ;d ;q) Hkh yM+ ldsa D;ksafd ckyh jktlÙkk dh e;kZnk ,ao ^^j?kqdqy jhfr lnk pfy
dk o/k Lo;a jketh dks gh djuk gS] êkfjgm¡ vkÃ] çku tkgq¡ c: cpuq u tkÃ** tSlh e;kZnk
ckfyfg* dh izfrKk tks dj j[kh gSA ikyu dh lwpuk nh xÃ gSA ^vksV* dk ,d vFkZ
iqfu ukuk fcf/k HkbZ yjkbZ A fcVi vksV vkJ; ysuk ;k Vsd yxkuk Hkh gksrk gSA
ns[kfga j?kqjkbZ AA vfHkçk; gqvk fd tSls jktiq#"k isM+ dh Nk¡g
rys] isM+ dh vksV ¼lgkjk½ ysdj [ksy rek'ks
ns[krs gSa] oSls gh j?kqdy
q ds jktkjketh Hkh ns[k lwjnklth dh bl jpuk dh vksj cjcl
jgs gSa rkfd }Un ;q) esa vU;k; u gksus ikosA /;kukdf”kZr gks tkrk gS&
^vksV* ds vkSj Hkh dkj.k gSa ftudk [kqyklk ^^tc yfx xtcy viuks cjR;ks usd lj~;ks
vkxs gqvk gSA ufga dkeA
nksgk & cgq Ny cy lqxzho dfj fg;¡ gkjk fujcy g~oS cy jke iqdkj~;ks vk;s vk/ks uke**AA
Hk; ekfu A AA 8 AA
^lwjnklth*
ekjk ckfy jke rc ân; ek> lj
rkfu AA 8 AA ijk fcdy efg lj ds ykxsa A iqfu mfB
ukuk fof/k ls yM+us ds ckn Hkh] cgqr
cSB nsf[k çHkq vkxsa AA
Ny&cy dk ç;ksx djds Hkh lqxhz oth ckyh dks ck.k yxrs gh ckyh] fody gksdj ¼ck.k
ijkLr ugha dj ik;s vfirq Lo;a ân; ls gkj ls fca/kk gqvk gh½ i`Foh ij fxj iM+k A ijUrq
x;s] mUgsa e`R;q Hk; çR;{k fn[kus yxk A rc çHkq JhjkepUæth dks vius lEeq[k ns[kdj og
vUr;kZeh Jhjketh us /kuq"k dh Mksjh dks rku iqu% mBdj cSB x;k A
dj ckyh ds ân; esa ck.k ekj fn;kA îjk fcdy efg lj ds ykxsa& ^lj ds ykxas* dk
^cgq Ny cy lqxzho dfj*& ;gk¡ ^Ny&cy* ls rkRi;Z gS 'kjhj esa ck.k yxk gqvk gS] 'kjhj
rkRi;Z çfri{kh dks Hkqykok nsdj nk¡o&isap yxkus ck.k ls fca/kk gqvk gS tSlk fd y{e.kth dks
ls ;k fQj çfr}Unh ds fNnz&nks"k ekywe gksa rks 'kfDr yxh Fkh êq#Nk HkÃ lfä ds ykxsa* vkSj
mudk ç;ksx djus ls gSA okYehfd jkek;.k esa ‘kfä ls eqfä mUgsa çHkq ds opu lqudj gh
feyh Fkh& ^^lqur cpu mfB cSB Ñikyk] xÃ
dgk gS fd ckyh vkSj lqxhz o vius foi{kh dks
xxu ^lks ldfr* djkyk**6@83@7A
ekj Mkyus dh bPNk ls fNnzk Uos"k.k vFkkZr~ ,d
nwljs dh nqcZyrk <w¡< jgs Fks] ^îjLijefe=/ukS
îqfu mfB cSB nsf[k çHkq vkxsa& oLrqr% ckyh dh
dkeuk Fkh ^^tkSa dnkfp eksfg ekjfga rkS iqfu
fNnzkUos"k.k rRijkS** 4@16@26A
gksam lukFk**A vr% mls lukFk cukus ds fy;s
çHkq dh ok.kh gS ^êksfg diV Ny fNnz u
vkSj n’kZu nsus ds fy;s gh izHkq mlds lehi
Hkkok** tc rd lqxhz o bl çdkj Ny&cy ds
igq¡p x;sA ckYehfd jkek;.k ds vuqlkj Hkh
}kjk yM+rs jgs] Hkys gh oss çHkq çnÙk fo'kky cy
ckyh ohj dk lEeku djus ds fy;s egkijkdzeh
ds dkj.k gh D;ksa u yM+ jgs gksa] çHkq us dksÃ
nksukas HkkÃ Jhjke y{e.kth mlds ikl igq¡p
çfrfØ;k ugha dhA tc lqxzhoth dk var%cy
x;s&
¼fg;¡ gkjk½ pqd x;k vkSj mUgsa viuh e`R;q
^^cgqekU; p ra ohja oh{kek.ka 'kuSfjoA
lfUudV çrhr gqÃ rc dgha os çHkq ds çfr iw.kZ
mi;krkS egkoh;kSZ HkzkrjkS jkey{e.kkS**AA
^'kj.kkxr* gq;s A blds ckn rks çHkq us ckfy ds
4@17@13ok0jk0A
ân; dks ck.k ls ch/kus esa ,d {k.k dk Hkh
ckyh Hkh çHkq dks ns[krs gh llEeku mB cSBkA
foyEc ugha fd;kA
çHkq us mls ewfNZr djus dh ea'kk ls ;k rRdky
;gk¡ ^lqxhz o dfj* dgk x;k gS] ^dfj*
ekj nsus ds mís'; ls rhj Hkh ugha pyk;k FkkA
;kuh gkFkh ^lax ykb ^dfjuh dfj* ysgha*A ^dfj*
mudh ,slh bPNk gksrh rks igys /kuq"k dks dfBu
ds }kjk ;gk¡ xtsUæ eks{k dh dFkk dk Lej.k
¼rhoZ½ p<+krs ^dksnaM ^dfBu* p<+kÃ*3@17@Nan
djk;k x;k gS A ml dFkk esa Hkh Bhd lqxhz oth
vkSj fQj rhj dks dku rd [khap dj NksM+rs
ds leku gh xtjkt dk var%cy Hkh xzkg
^^rkfu ljklu ^Jou yfx**3@19@Nan vFkok
¼exj½ dh idM+ ds dkj.k pqd x;k FkkA ^Ny*]
^^[kSafp ljklu ^Jou yfx**6@102A ^çHkq* ekus
^cy* vkSj ^dfj* inksa dh lajpuk ftl jhfr ls
loZ&leFkZ us rhj dks bruk gh [khap dj ¼lj
dh xÃ gS mlls xksLokehth ds ledkyhu
rkfu½ NksM+k gS ftlls fd ckyh dk çk.kkUr gksus
ds iwoZ mldh 'kadkvksa ds lek/kku gsrq le;
fey tk;sA tcfd jketh ds ck.k u dsoy ^lj pki p<+k,¡*& bl iafä ds dkj.k dÃ
veks?k gSa ^ftfe veks?k j?kqifr dj ekul oDrkvksa dk dguk gS fd egkcyh ckyh
ckuk*5@2@7 cfYd okj djus ds ckn iqu% us çHkq dh çfrKk êkfjgm¡ ckfyfg ,dfg cku*
rjd’k esa izos’k dj tkrs gSa îzfcls lc fu”kax dks vlR; Bgjk fn;k vkSj çHkq dks mlds o/k
egq tkbZ*6@102@8 blfy;s jketh us rjd’k ds fy;s nwljk ok.k /kuq"k ij p<+kuk iM+kA tSlk
lkFk ugha fy;kA ckyh ok.k ls fca/ks gSa] ;fn rhj fd igys gh Li"V dj fn;k x;k gS fd çHkq tc
ckgj fudy tkrk rks çk.k i[ks# lkFk gh mM+ ogk¡ ls pys Fks rc muds gkFk esa dsoy ,d
tkrs ijUrq {kj.k rks tkjh gS] blhfy;s çHkq rhj vkSj /kuq"k gh FkkA vkSj ogk¡ rjd'k lkFk
mlds le{k vfoyEc igq¡p Hkh x;sA vkSj os ysdj pyus dk o.kZu Hkh ugha gS ^^pys pki
bruh rRijrk ls ckyh ds lehi igq¡ps gSa fd lk;d xfg gkFkk**A vksSj ckYehfd jkek;.k ds
xksLokehth Hkh viuh ys[kuh ds }kjk mldk vuqlkj çHkq ds }kjk pyk;k gqvk ok.k vHkh Hkh
o.kZu ugha dj ik;sA /;ku nsa ;gk¡ ^vkxsa* in esa ckfy ds 'kjhj esa gh /k¡lk gqvk gS ftls ckn esa
vuqLokj uhy us fudkyk ^^m}cgZ 'kja uhyLrL; xk=xra
¼ &a ½ yxk gSA tksfd 'kqHk lwpd gS] ladr s dj rnk**A4@23@16ck0jk0] rkRi;Z gS fd og ok.k
jgk gS fd HkDrjkt ckyh dks izHkq ds n'kZu gksus Hkh iqu% ykSVdj çHkq ds ikl ugha igq¡pk] vHkh
gSa] mUgsa LoxZ dh izkfIr gksuh gS vkSj vxys tUe ogha yxk gqvk gS A rc ç'u mBrk gS fd /kuq"k
esa izHkq dk lkfu/; Hkh feyuk gSA ij p<+k gqvk ;g nwljk ok.k çHkq ds ikl vk;k
L;ke xkr flj tVk cuk,¡ A v#u u;u dgk¡ ls \ fQj ;g eku Hkh fy;k tk;s fd çHkq
lj pki p<k,¡ AA ds
ckyh us ns[kk fd Jhjketh ds fnO; Jhvax /kuq"k ij nwljk ok.k p<+k gqvk gS rks çR;¡pk ij
dksey o ';key gS flj ij tVkvksa dks eqdqV ds #i p<+us ds ckn vO;FkZ jguss okys ml rFkkdfFkr
esa cuk;s gq;s gSa] vkSj u;uksa dks Hkh yky ¼v#.k½ cuk;s ok.k dk D;k gqvk \ tSls fla/kqth ds fy;s p<+k;s
gq;s gSa ekuksa u;u :ih 'kj dks HkkSag :ih pki ij gq;s ok.k dks mÙkjrV okfl;ksa ij NksM+uk iM+k Fkk
p<+k;s gq;s gSaA ^^,fga lj ee ^mÙkj rV* cklh] grgq ukFk [ky
^L;ke xkr flj tVk cuk,¡& ;gk¡ ^L;ke xkr* uj v?k jklh**A5@59@5 oSls gh bl ok.k ^lj
in nsus dk vfHkçk; gh gS fd ckyhth dks pki p<+k;s* dk ç;ksx fdl ij gqvk\ oLrqr%
fnO;kuqHkwfr gqÃ gS tSls fd euq 'kr#ikth] ;gk¡ ok.k gS gh ugha] jks”k ds dkj.k çHkq dh
tudth ;k _f"k eqfu;ksa dks gksrh jgh gSA ;gk¡ Hk`dfq V gh p<+h gqÃ gS] tSlk fd ûkfj u;u lj
^cuk,¡* 'ys"k gS tVk Hkh cuk;s gq;s gSa vkSj tkfg u ykxk*4@20@4 esa û;u lj* Hk`dfq V
u;uksa dks Hkh v#.kkjs cuk;s gq;s gSaA ^cuk,¡* dks dgk x;k gSA vkSj vkxs NUn esa Lo;a ckyh
fy[kus dk rkRi;Z gS fd ;g çHkq dk okLrfod us gh d:.kk ls ns[kus dk vuqjks/k fd;k gS
Lo#i ugha gS bls ckyh tkurs gSaA D;ksafd bUæ ^vc ukFk dfj d#uk fcyksdgq*] ogk¡¡ bl Hkko
ds va'k gksus lss os çHkq ds okLrfod Lo#i ls dks vkSj lqLi"V fd;k x;k gSA
ifjfpr gSaA iqfu iqfu fprb pju fpr nhUgk A lqQy
^v#u u;u lj pki p<k,¡& dkO; dh n`f"V ls tUe ekuk çHkq phUgk AA
;g iafä jkSæ jl dh gSA oLrqr% ^^ftUg dsa jgh çHkq ds eq[kkjfoUn dks ckj ckj duf[k;ksa
Hkkouk tSlh] çHkq ewjfr frUg ns[kh ls fugkjus ds ckn vUrr% ckyh us viuk fpÙk
rSlh**1@240@4 ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ çHkq gSa rks çHkq ds Jhpj.kksa esa yxk fn;kA çHkq dks igpku
fdafpr ls gh dqfir fdUrq ckyh dks vfr Øksf/kr dj ckyh us viuk tUe lkFkZd ekukA
fn[kkÃ iM+ jgs gSa] Lo;a ohj gSa] vr% mudh îqfu iqfu fprb pju fpr nhUgk& çHkq dks ckj
dYiuk Hkh ohjrk Hkjh gSA ckj fuj[kus dk ,d dkj.k rks mudk ^fnO;
rstkse; Lo#i* gksuk gh gS blfy;s ckyh dh vUrj gS ogh ;gk¡ xksLokehth us ckyh vkSj
n`f"V mu ij fVd ugha jgh gSA fdUrq fdlh ls lqxhz o bu nksuksa ds pfj= esa n'kkZ;k gSA çHkq ds
vuqjkx gks rks Hkh n`f"V fVdrh ugha gS] utj lEiw.kZ ,s'o;Z dk n'kZu djus ds ckn Hkh ogk¡
yxus dk Hk; yxk jgrk gS vr% ;k rks rù lqxhz oth ds fy;s dgk x;k ^çHkqfg ^tkfu* eu
rksM+ dj fuj[kks ^^fuj[kfga Nfc tuuh rù gj"k dihlk* vkSj ok.k ls fc) gq;s ckyh us
rksjh** ;k fQj dkSlY;k vEck ds leku fiz; dks êku* fy;k fd eq> tSls lalkj çfl) nq)Z"kZ
iqu% iqu% fuj[kks ¼^^dkSlY;k iqfu iqfu j?kqchjfga] ;ks)k dks ek= ,d ok.k ls ej.kkUrd fLFkfr esa
fprofr Ñikfla/kq ju/khjfga**½A vkSj ;fn vijk/k igq¡pk nsus okys vkSj dksÃ ugha ,d ek= çHkq gh
cks/k dh Hkkouk gks rks n`f”V 'keZ ds ekjs Hkh gSaA
ugha fVdrh gSA tks Hkh dkj.k jgk gks ckyh us ^phUgk*&tku igpku iqjkuh gks rks phUgk dgk
viuh n`f”V çHkq ds eq[kkjfoUn ls gVk yh vkSj tkrk gS ^^Hkfj ykspu Nfc fla/kq fugkjh] dqle;
vius fpÙk dks gh muds }Un ls eqDr djus tkfu u dhfUg ^fpUgkjh**A 1@49@2 ckfy rks
okys] lqj eqfu;ksa ds }kjk fuR; lsfor] vdqa'k] ?kj ls gh ejus dks r; djds fudyk Fkk ¼tkSa
/otk] otz vkSj ljkst ds fpUgksa ls vafdr dnkfp eksfga ekfjfga½] mls bl ckr dh izlUurk
pj.kksa esa yxk fn;k& gks jgh gS fd izHkq us Hkh mls phUg fy;k mlds
^^/ot dqfyl vadl q dat tqr cu fQjr n;LFk Hkkoksa dks tkudj gh mls n’kZu nsus vk
daVd fdu ygsA x;sA blhfy, vxyh iafDr esa dgk x;k&
in dat }an eqdqan jke jesl fuR; ân;¡ çhfr eq[k cpu dBksjk A cksyk fprb
Hktkegs**AA2@14Nan jke dh vksjk AA
fpÙk dks lefiZr djrs gh mudk vKku ckyh ds ân; esa rks çhfr NkÃ gqÃ gS
nwj gks x;k vkSj mUgsa çHkq dh çrhfr gq+ÃA fdUrq vfHkekuh o ncax LoHkko ds dkj.k eq[k
^lqQy tUe ekuk çHkq phUgk& jketh ckyh dks ls fu%l`r opu dBksj gh gSaA og vUr;kZeh
vius Lo#i dk cks/k djkus ds fy;s gh ogk¡ Jhjketh dks fugkjrs gq;s cksyk&
Rojk ls ig¡qps FksA ckYehfdth us dgk gS ^^lksb ^ân; çhfr eq[k cpu dBksjk& okYehfd jkek;.k
tkub tsfg nsgq tukÃ] tkur rqEgfg rqEgb gksb esa rks ckyh us vR;Ur gh dBksj ok.kh esa
tkÃ**A2@126@3 ckyh Hkh tku x;s fd vUr dFkuh; o vdFkuh; lHkh opu lquk;s gSaA ;gk¡
le; esa eq>s n'kZu nsdj esjs tUe dks lqQfyr rd dgk gS fd vki 'kB] vidkjh] {kqnz vkSj
djus ds fy;s gh izHkq us esjs flj dks ok.k ls <ksxha gSaA egkRek n'kjFk us vki tSls ikih dks
fofNUu ugha fd;k vU;Fkk os /kM+ ls 'kh'k dks dSls mRiUu fd;k&
tqnk Hkh dj ldrs Fks ^/kj rs fHkUu rklq flj ^^'kBks uSÑfrd% {kqæks feF;kçfJr
dhUgk*6@70@4 vkSj u gh eq>s lqxzho ls ekul%A00000000000
ejok;k cfYd Lo;a ekj dj eq>s d`rkFkZ fd;k gS dFka n'kjFksu Roa tkr% ikiks
oLrqr% eq>s vrqyuh; lEeku çnku fd;k gSA egkReuk**4@16@43 ck0jk0A
}Un&;q) esa eSa vts; Fkk] esjh bl dhfrZ dks ogk¡ ^ckyh dk JhjkepUæth dks
v{kq..k cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s gh çHkq us eq>s Ny QVdkjuk* 'kh"kZd ls iwjk ,d lxZ gSA mls gh
ls] isM+ dh vkM+ ls ekjk gSA çHkq Lo;a rks xksLokehth us ek= nks v)kZfy;ksa esa lesVk gSA
vi;'k ds Hkkxh cus fdUrq mUgksaus eq>s tUe& mldk lkj rRo gS fd ckyh ds ân; esa çhfr
tUekrj ds fy;s ;'kLoh cuk fn;kA gS] mlds Hkko 'kq) gSaA xksLokehth us ekul ds
êkuk çHkq phUgk*& êkuk* in 'ys"kkFkhZ gS tUe çkjEHk esa gh ?kks"k.kk dj j[kh gS ^^dgr ulkb
dks Hkh lqQy ekuk vkSj jketh dks Hkh loZ gksb fg;¡ uhdh] jh>r jke tkfu tu th
leFkZ çHkq ekukA tkuus vkSj ekuus esa tks dh**1@28@4A blds vuqlkj ;fn dgus esa
opu Hkys gh cqjs tku iM+sa ijUrq fg;s ds Hkko mlh izdkj mls dk[k esa nck;s gq;s fQjuk]
vPNs gksa rks vUr;kZeh jketh jh> tkrs gSaA ^^tgkj jko.ka okyh iouLrks;na
^cksyk fprb jke dh vksjk& ckyh jketh dks ;Fkk**7@34@22] bl ?kVuk dk mYys[k ekul
vHkh dqN {k.k iwoZ gh ,dVd ugha fugkj ik esa Hkh gS& ^^,d dgr eksfg ldqp vfr jgk
jgs FksA çHkq dks phUgus ds ckn gh muds ân; ckfy dh dk¡[k**A6@24 yksxksa dks fn[kykus ds
ds Hkko fueZy gq;s gSa blfy;s vc muds fy;s fy;s fd x#M+ ds iats esa tSls liZ yVdrk gS
çHkq ds #i&ek/kq;Z dk lrr iku djuk Hkh mlh Hkk¡fr esjk iq= jko.k Hkh esjh dk[k esa nck
lqyHk gks x;k gS vr% çHkq dks fufuZes"k fugkjrs gqvk gS og mls fy;s ?kwerk jgk ^^yEcekua
gq;s mudh vk¡[kksa esa vk¡[ksa Mkydj cksy jgs gSaA n’kxzhoa x#ML;so iUuxe~**7@34@17 bu
^jke* in dk rkRi;Z gS loZK] /keZK] vUr;kZeh] lcdks vkMacj ugha rks vkSj D;k dgk tk;sxk\
ân; ds Hkkoksa dks tkuus okys& ekuo dk lgt LoHkko gS] og vius voxq.kksa
^^lqugq ^jke* ljcX; lqtkuk] /kje uhfr xqu dks ugha ns[krk vkSj nwljksa ij pkgs og lk{kkr~
X;ku fu/kkuk**A Ã'oj gh D;ksa u gksa] nks"kkjksi.k fd;k djrk gS
^^lc ds mj varj clgq tkugq Hkkm ;gk¡ bu pkSikb;ksa esa ^îj minsl dqly cgqrsjs]
dqHkkm**A2@256 ts vkpjfga rs uj u ?kusjs**6@77@2 dk
/keZ gsrq vorjsgq xkslkÃa A ekjsgq eksfg fu#i.k gqvk gSA
C;k/k dh ukÃa AA êkjsgq eksfg C;k/k dh ukÃ& çlaxo'k] ijUrq
gs ^xkslkÃa* ! gs pjkpj ds Lokeh! vki çlax ls gVdj] ,d ckr dguh gS çk;% fons'kh
/keZ dh j{kk ds fy;s vorfjr gq;s gSa fQj Hkh vkSj fo/kehZ yksx vuxZy çpkj djrs jgrs gSa
vkius eq>s C;k/k dh rjg fNi dj ekjk\ fd lalkj esa u rks Jhjke tSlk dksÃ vorkjh
vfHkizk;% gS fd ;g v/keZ dk;Z gS] vkius D;ksa iq#"k gh gqvk gS vkSj u gh jkek;.k esa of.kZr
fd;k \ tSlh ?kVuk,¡ gh ?kVh gSaA okYehfd jkek;.k ds
^/keZ gsrq vorjsgq xkslkÃa& xkslkÃa dk rkRi;Z gS fy;s Hkh dgrs gSa fd ;g egkdkO; rks fofHkUu
‘kkjhfjd bfUæ;ksa lfgr i`Foh vkfn leLr dFkkdkjksa dh dYiukvksa ds vk/kkj ij jph gq;h
pjkpj ds LokehA xkslkÃa in iz;qDr djds ckyh dgkfu;ksa vkSj vk[;kf;dkvksa dks lek;ksftr dj
us Jhjketh dks ijkRijczã ds #i esa gh Lohdkj cuk;k x;k gSA djik=hth egkjkt tSls egku
fd;k gSA vkSj Li"V vorkjh iq#"k dgk gSA fo}Ttuksa us bu fonsf'k;ksa dks fons'kksa esa gh
fdUrq mlus /keZ dh nksgkÃ ¼/keZ gsrq½ nsdj çHkq miyC/k çek.kksa ds lkFk djkjs tokc fn;s gSaA
ij v/kkfeZd gksus dk vkjksi Hkh yxk;k gSA ;g ckyh çlax Hkh vius vkiesa ,d ç.kke gh
tcfd ns[kk tk;s rks ckyh Lo;a gh Lo/keZ ;k gSA okYehfdth }kjk jfpr vkfn jkek;.k ls
jkt/keZ dk ikyu ugha dj jgk FkkA ;fn çtk ysdj jkepfjr ekul rd ^'kr dksfV vikjk*
;k lfpokfn mlls =Lr u gksrs rks os lqxzhoth jkek;.kksa esa ckyh dks foVi vksV ls ekjus dk
dks dnkfi tcju xíh ij ugha cSBkrs ^nhUgsm gh o.kZu feysxkA vkSj ckyh Jhjke laokn esa
eksfg jkt cfjvkÃ*A mldk lgksnj HkkÃ gh ckyh dk ;g yk¡Nu ^êkjsgq eksfg O;k/k dh
mRihM+u dh f'kdk;r dj jgk gS ^gfj yhUgsfl ukÃa** Hkh mu lc esa ,d leku lk gh feysxkA
lcZlq v# ukjh*A mlds deZdk.M Hkh vkMacj ç'u mBrk gS fd Jhjke ;fn furkUr dkYifud
;qDr yxrs gSa] D;ksafd la/;konau djus ds fy;s uk;d gh gksrs rks okYehfdth tSls egku
fuR; çfr pkjksa leqæksa ds Nksjksa ij tkuk vkfn&dfo vius vkn'kZ ¼lnkpkj ls ;qDr]
^^prqH;ksZ·fi leqæsH;% la/;keUokL;&**A7@34@6 leLr çkf.k;ksa dk fgr lk/kd] fo}ku] xq.koku]
vkSj la/;konau djrs gq;s gh jko.k dks idM+ oh;Zoku] /keZK] midkj ekuus okyk] lR;oäk]
ysuk vkSj ok;q tSls cknyksa dks mM+k ys tkrh gS n`<+ çfrK] ftrsfUæ;] fç;n'kZu vkfn vkfn xq.kksa
ls ;qä1@1@2&4½ ok-jk- Jhiq#"kksÙkejke ds fd eq>s C;k/k dh rjg Nqidj D;ksa ekjk\ vkSj
pfj= ij ;g yk¡Nu yxus tSlh ?kVuk ^^tsfga fdl vijk/k ds dkj.k e`R;qn.M fn;k x;k\
v?k c/ksm C;k/k ftfe ckyh**1@28@6 dk vuqt c/kw Hkfxuh lqr ukjh A lquq lB
l`tu gh D;ksa djrs\ oLrqr% fonsf'k;ksa ;k dU;k le , pkjh AA
fo/kfeZ;ksa esa u rks jketh tSlk dksbZ uk;d gh vjs nq"V! lqu] NksVs HkkÃ dh C;kgrk
gqvk gS] vksSj u gh jkek;.k ;k ekul tSlk L=h] cfgu] iq=&o/kw vkSj iq=h ;s pkjksa gh dU;k
dksbZ xzUFk gh jpk x;k gS] blhfy;s os viuh ds leku gSA
HkM+kl fudkyus ds fy, gh ges'kk vuxZy cdk ^vuqt c/kw Hkfxuh lqr ukjh& okYehfd jkek;.k
djrs gSaA esa ckyh us vusdkusd ç'u fd;s gSa vkSj çR;qÙkj
eSa cSjh lqxzho fivkjk A voxqu dou ukFk esa JhjkepUæth us Hkh mlds o/k ds dÃ dkj.k
eksfg ekjk AA fxuk;s gSaA fdUrq ekul esa] mldk vuqt o/kw ds
gs ukFk! eSa cSjh gks x;k vkSj lqxzho çfr dqn`f"V j[kuk gh çeq[k dkj.k ekuk x;k gS
vkidks I;kjk yx jgk gS ¼;g dSlh lenf'kZrk vr% loZizFke blh vijk/k dk mYys[k fd;k
gS½A gs ukFk! voxq.k dkSu gS ¼eq>esa vkSj lqxzho x;k gSA
esa voxq.kh dkSu gS bldk fpUru fd;s fcuk½ ^lquq lB dU;k le , pkjh& jko.k dh Hkk¡fr
ftlds dkj.k vkius eq>s ekjk\ ckyh dks ;gk¡ ^[ky* ugha dgk x;k &^^js f=;
êSa cSjh lqxzho fivkjk& ckyh ds dgus esa pksj dqekjx xkeh] ^[ky* ey jkfl eanefr
O;aX;kjks"k gS vfHkçk; gS fd eSa rks pjkpj ds dkeh**A6@32@5 cfYd mls ^lB* dgk gS ftlesa
ukFk dks len'khZ ekurk Fkk fdUrq vkiesa lq/kkj laHko gS&
jkx&}S"k gSA blhfy;s vkius eq>s 'k=q vkSj ^^lB lq/kjfga* lrlaxfr ikÃ] ikjl ijl
lqxhz o dks fç; ekuk gSA dq/kkr lqgkÃ**1@2@9
^voxqu dou ukFk eksfg ekjk& ckyh dk vk'k; ^dU;k le*& ‘kkL=ksa esa jtLoyk /keZ ds iwoZ
gS fd igys vki ge nksuksa Hkkb;ksa esa ls fdlesa lHkh ckfydk,a dU;k dgykrh gSa vkSj iwT; ekuh
lhrkth dh 'kks/k djkus dh ;ksX;rk gS bldk tkrh gSaA vfHkizk; gS fd mlh çdkj ;s pkjksa
fu.kZ; djrs rc cSj&çse dk lEcU/k LFkkfir fj'rs Hkh iwtuh; gSa ^le* dgus esa izHkq dk
djuk pkfg;s FkkA v/;kRe jkek;.k esa dgk Hkh vk{ksi gS fd rqeus bu fj'rksa esa gh lenf'kZrk
gS fd vkius esjk fo'o fo[;kr cy ugha lqukA ugha cjrh] fo"ke O;ogkj Lo;a ds ?kj esa gh
gs jk?ko! eSa ;fn pkgw¡ rks vk/ks eqgwrZ esa gh fd;k gSA 'kB¾la0 lkfg0 esa tks iRuh ls izse
jko.k dks dqy lfgr ck¡/k dj lhrkth o yadk dk Lokax jps vkSj ijkbZ ls izse djs mls 'kB
ds lkFk ;gk¡ ys vkÅ¡& dgrs gaSA /kU; gaS xksLokehthA
^^cr jke u tkuh"ks en~cya yksd bUgfg dqn`f"V fcyksdb tksÃ A rkfg c/ksa
foJqre~A dNq iki u gksÃ AA
jko.ka ldqya cn~/ok llhra yad;k
bUgsa ikie;h n`f"V ls dksÃ rkdrk Hkh gS
lg**AA4@2@56
rks mldk c/k djus esa fdafpr ek= Hkh iki
ûkFk eksfg ekjk*& ûkFk* lEcks/ku ls Li"B gS
ugha yxrk gSA
fd ckyh us jketh dks ijkRijczã] pjkpj dk
^bUgfga dqn`f"V fcyksdb tksÃ& ^fcyksdÃ*¾nwj ls
ukFk ekudj gh ;s lc ç'u fd;s gSaA os tkurs
rkduk] ekjhp çlax esa vk;k gS ^^fQfj fQfj
gSa fd ekjuk ftykuk lc lkoZHkkSe lÙkk ds gkFk
çHkqfg ^fcyksfdgm¡* /kU; u eks le
esa gS ^^gkfu ykHkq thouq ejuq tlq vitlq fcf/k
vku**A3@26 ;fn lehi ls] Lusg&çse Hkko ls
gkFk**A2@171 blfy;s mudk ;g ç'u ugha gS
fugkjus dk vkjksi gksrk rks fprbZ dgrs
fd vkius eq>s D;ksa ekjk cfYd tkuuk pkgrs gSa
tSlkfd îqfu iqfu ^fprbZ* pju fpr nhUgk* esa
dgk x;kA blls Li"V gS fd çHkq us ckyh ij jko.k ls dgk gS êe tudfg rksfg jgh
ikideZ esa ^jr* gksus dk vkjksi ugha yxk;k gSA ^ferkÃ*A blhfy;s çHkq us mls ew<+ dgkA
e;kZnk iq#"kksÙke Jhjke dk vk’k; gS fd dU;k ^vfrl; vfHkekuk*& ns[kk tk;s rks ckyh ds
ds leku ifo= bu fj'rksa ij Hkys gh dksÃ nwj vfHkeku ds fo"k; esa u rks dksÃ f'kdk;r
ls gh D;ksa u gks] ikie;h n`f"V Hkj Mkys rks] lqxhz oth us dh gS vkSj u gh mls vfrl;
og iki dk Hkkxh vkSj c/k ;ksX; gSA bl fo"k; vfHkekuh çekf.kr djus okyh fdlh ?kVuk dk
dks ysdj vU; jkek;.kksa esa D;k D;k dgk x;k gh mYys[k gSA ckyh us ftrus Hkh }Un ;q)
gS] bls tkus nsa] ;gk¡ dgus okys] lcds ân; esa fd;s] os lHkh yydkjus ij gh fd;s gSa]
clus okys] ân; ds Hkko&dqHkko dks tkuus okys vfHkeku o'k dksbZ ugha fd;sA dsoy jko.k dks
vUr;kZeh jke gSa ^^lcds mj varj clgq] tkugq dk¡[k esa nckdj ?kweus dh gh ?kVuk ,dek= ,slh
Hkkm dqHkkm**2@257A vr% ekuuk iMs+xk fd gSA oLrqr% yksd f’k{kk gsrq jko.k dks ijkftr
ckyh us fcyksdus ¼rkdus½ dk gh vijk/k fd;k djus dk dk;Z çHkq dks ¼jkekorkj dks½ djuk
gSA oLrqr% izHkq us bl fcyksdb in ds }kjk FkkA vkSj ckyh us bls 'kkS;Z&çn'kZu ds :i esa
,slh O;oLFkk dh gS fd 'kadkyq lqxhz oth ds eu dj fn[kk;k blhfy;s çHkq us ^vfrl; vfHkekuk*
esa viuh iRuh #ek ds pfj= dks ysdj fdlh dgkA
çdkj dh 'kadk gh u mitsA ûkfj fl[kkou djfl u dkuk& ;gk¡ ^dkuk* in
^rkfg c/ks dNq iki u gksÃ& ;gk¡ ^c/ks* in n.M nsus dk rkRi;Z gS fd tks okrkZyki rkjk vkSj
nsus ds vFkZ esa ç;qDr gqvk ckyh ds chp esa ,dkUr esa ¼vUr%iqj esa½ gqvk
gS tSls fd jktk ;k U;k;k/kh'k nsrs gSaA ckyh us Fkk] og Hkh fd fdlh dks ^dkuks dku* irk u
rks iwNk Fkk fd eq>s pys bl <ax ls mldk mYys[k djds çHkq us
C;k/k dh ukÃa D;ksa êkjk* x;k vFkkZr lEeq[k viuh loZKrk dk cks/k djk;k gSA çHkq dk
yM+us dk ekSdk D;ksa ugha fn;k\ jketh dk Li"V vfHkçk; gS fd rkjk us rqEgsa esjs ijczã Lo#i
dguk gS fd eSusa rq>s iki deZ dh ltk nh gS] gksus dh ^^dkygq thfr ldfga laxzkek** dgh Fkh]
ekjk ugha vfirq rsjk o/k fd;k gSA fdUrq rqeus mldh lh[k lquh vulquh dj nhA
ew<+ rksfg vfrl; vfHkekuk A ukfj fl[kkou ;fn mldh fl[kkou eku ysrs rks ;g fLFkfr gh
djfl u dkuk AA ugha vkrhA
vjs ew[kZ&tM+efr! rq>s vR;Ur vfHkeku ^djfl u dkuk* esa Li"V /ofu gS fd Ñikyq
gS blhfy;s rwus viuh L=h rkjk dh fl[kkou çHkq dks viuh çfrKk ¼ekfjgm¡½ Hkax gksus dh
fpUrk dnkfi ugha gS] os rks ;su&dsu çdkjs.k
¼f'k{kk½ ij dku Hkh ugha fn;k] mldk dgk ugha
ckyh :ih tho dk dY;k.k gh pkgrs gSa A
ekukA
êw<+ rksfg vfrl; vfHkekuk& êw<+*¾ew[kZ dh ee Hkqt cy vkfJr rsfg tkuh A ekjk
mikf/k çk;% vius ls NksVksa dks ;k ifjdjksa pgfl v/ke vfHkekuh AA
¼dkfjUnksa½ dks gh nh tkrh gS] og Hkh vjs v/ke ikih vfHkekuh! lqxhz o dks
vkns'kkuqlkj dk;Z fØ;kfUor u djus ij ghA esjs ckgqcy dk vkJ; izkIr gS ;g rkjk ls]
oLrqr% ckyhth bUæ ds va'k ls leqRiUu gSa vkSj vkSj lqxhz o ds daB esa iM+h ekyk ls] tkudj Hkh
jkekorkj esa jketh dh vksj ls gh jko.k ls
rqe mlss ekjuk pkgrs FksA
yM+us ds fy;s vorfjr gq;s gSaA fdUrq ;gk¡
êe Hkqt cy vkfJr rsfg tkuh& foxr
mUgksusa jko.k ls gh fe=rk ¼la/kh½ djyh
v)kZyh esa izHkq us xqIr ckr dks izdV djds
^Hkzkr`RoeqilEiUukS ifj”oT;
viuh loZKrk dk cks/k djk;k FkkA ;gk¡ êe
ijLije~*7@34@42A ekul esa Hkh] vxanth us
Hkqt cy* dgdj izHkq us vius ,s'o;Zrk Hkko dk
fnXn'kZu djk;k gSA tgk¡ dgha izHkq dks viuh nks0&lqugq jke Lokeh lu py u pkrqjh
ek/kq;Z yhyk esa ,s'o;Z Hkko izdV djuk gksrk gS eksfj A00
rks os blh izdkj êe* in iz;qDr djrs gSa&
^^lc ee fiz; lc ee mitk,] lcrs vf/kd
izHkq vtgw¡ eSa ikih vardky xfr
euqt eksfg Hkk,A**7@85@4 rksfjAA9AA
izHkq dk ^Hkqt cy* vdwr gS] bldh ppkZ vkxs ckyh us VwVrs Lojksa esa dgk gs vUr;kZeh
blh dk.M dh vfUre pkSikbZ ^^rc fut Hkqt jketh! lqfu;s] Lokeh ds le{k eq> lsod dh
cy jkfto uSuk** esa dh gS] ns[k ysaA okd~pkrqjh py ugha ldrhA gs izHkks! vc Hkh
^tkuh*& in cgqopu gS] vfHkizk; gS fd igys
¼n.M ikus ds ckn Hkh½ vkSj vardky esa vkidh
rqEgsa rkjk us trk;k Fkk ^^lquq ifr ftUgfg
feysm lqxhz ok] rs }kS ca/kq rst cy lhaok**] fQj 'kj.kkxfr ysus ds ckn Hkh D;k eSa ikih gh jgk\
eSaus lqxhz o dks tc nqckjk yM+us ds fy;s Hkstk ^lqugq jke Lokeh lu& ^lqugq* dgus esa vkxzg
rc rqEgsa lpsr djus ds fy;s gh mlds xys esa gS] fouez Lrqfr dk Hkko gSA bl nksgs esa izHkq ds
lqeu&ekyk Mkyh Fkh] ;g lc tkudkj Hkh rqe fy;s rhu lEcks/ku ^jke*] ^Lokeh* o îzHkq* yxs
mls ekjuk pkgrs Fks\ gSaA v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Hkh blh izdkj rhu
êkjk pgfl v/ke vfHkekuh& izHkq us Lo;a ns[kk fo'ks"k.kksa ds lkFk gkFk tksM+ dj izkFkZuk dh gS&
Fkk fd ekj Mkyus dh bPNk ls gh ckyh ?kk;y ^^jke jke egkHkkx tkus Roka
lqxhz oth ds ihNs nkSM+s Fks vkSj lqxhz oth dks ijes'oje~A**4@2@65
Hkkxdj viuh izk.k j{kk djuh iM+h Fkh vr% ^py u pkrqjh eksfj& ok0jk0 esa Hkh ckyh us
êkjk pgfl* dgkA vUtfyc) gksdj gh dgk gS] gs ujJs"B! vkius
^v/ke vfHkekuh*& vPNh gks ;k cqjh gks] fdlh tks dqN dgk gS ogh Bhd gS blesa l'ka; ugha
Hkh ckr dh vfr gks rks mls gkfudj dgk x;k gSA vki tSls Js"B iq#"k dks eq> tSlk fuEu
gS ^^vfr lnSo oT;Zrs**A vr% vfr dh Hkh Js.kh dk izk.kh mfpr mÙkj ugha ns ldrk& ^^;r~
ijkdk"Bk n'kkZus ds fy;s gh izHkq us fiNyh RoekRFk ujJs"B rr~ rFkSo u la'k;%A000000
v)Zkyh esa ckyh dks ^rksfg vfrl; vfHkekuk* izfroDrqa izd`"Vs fg ukid`"VLrq
dg fn;k FkkA vc ;gk¡ mls ^v/ke vfHkekuh* 'kDuq;kr~**AA4@18@45
dgus esa izHkq dk rkRi;Z mlds vfHkeku dks vkSj ihM+k ¼laHkor% yfTtr Hkh gks½ ds dkj.k
vf/kd xaHkhj n'kkZuk ugha gSA ^v/ke* ;kus ckyh ls cksyk ugha tk jgk gS blfy;s ;g
fud`”V] ikih] oLrqr% blds }kjk izHkq us ckyh v)kZyh VqdM+kas&VqdM+kas esa dgh xbZ gS vkSj i<+h
dk /;ku vorkjokn ds dkj.kksa dh vksj Hkh ,sls gh tk;sxh] ^^lqugq jke&Lokeh lu&py
vkdf”kZr fd;k gS] ftlds fy;s lc vorfjr u&pkrqjh eksfj**A
gq;s gSa& îzHkq vtgw¡ eSa ikih& izHkq us ckyh dks vHkh
^^tc tc gksb /kje dS gkuh] ck<+fga vlqj vHkh ikih ¼v/ke vfHkekuh½ dgk gS] blds iwoZ
^v/ke vfHkekuh*A rc rc izHkq /kfj fcfc/k ¼ok0jk0 esa½ izHkq ckyh ls dg pqds gSa fd
ljhjk] gjfga dìkfuf/k lTtu ihjk**A ^êuq"; iki djds ;fn jktk ds fn;s gq, n.M
1@120@6]8 vkSj cy'kkyh ckyh vius dks Hkksx ysrs gSa rks 'kq) gksdj iq.;kRek lk/kq
vfHkeku esa vFkok prqj jko.k ds pDdj esa iq#"kksa dh Hkk¡fr LoxZyksd esa tkrs gSa**&
blh fl)kUr dks Hkwy x;sA izHkq }kjk bldk ^^jktfHk/k`Zr n.Mk'p d`Rok ikikfu ekuok%A
Lej.k djkrs gh deZ;ksxh ckyh dh Hkk"kk cny fueZyk% LoxZek;kfUr lUr% lqd`fruks
xbZA vc rd êq[k cpu dBksjk* Fks vkSj vc ;Fkk**AA 4@18@31 ok-jk
mlds LFkku ij ^vfr dksey ckuh* esa izHkq dh vr% ckyh dk rkRi;Z gS fd gs izHkks! vc eSa
Lrqfr dj jgs gSa& ikih dgk¡ jgk\
xksLokehth us îzHkq* vkSj êSa* ds chp esa gS ogh vki vkt bl vfUre ?kM+h esa esjs
^vtgw¡* in dks j[kdj ;gk¡ Jhxhrkth dk Hkko lkeus lk{kkr~ izdV gSa& ^^;Uuke foo'kksx`g.ku
mdsjk gS] blhfy;s ^vtgw¡* esa cM+s ^Å* dh ek=k fiz;ek.k% ija ine~A
yxkbZ gSA ;fn mUgsa ^vc Hkh* ;k ^vHkh Hkh* dk ;kfr lk{kkRl ,ok; eqew"kksZe iqj%
Hkko gh ok¡fNr gksrk rks ^vtgq¡* gh fy[krs& fLFkr%**AA4@2@67v-jk-
^^vtgq¡ izhfr mj jgfr u jksdh**A1@48@8] lqur jke vfr dksey ckuh A ckfy lhl
^^vtgq¡ rqyfldk gfjfg fiz;**A3@5] ^^nqb lqr ijlsm fut ikuh AA
ejs ngsm iqj vtgq¡ iwj fiz; nsgq**A6@37 ckkyh dh vR;Ur dksey ¼uktqd½ ok.kh
oLrqr% ;s ^vt* vkSj ^gw¡* bl izdkj ;s nks 'kCn dks lqurs gh vUr;kZeh jketh Hkko fog~oy gks
gSA ^vt* ekus vtUek] fuR;A ^vt* ;g x;s] mUgksaus vius dìk gLr ls ckyh ds eLrd
thokRek vkSj ijekRek nksuksa ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrk dk Li'kZ fd;kA
gS] ^^czg~e vuke; ^vt* Hkxoark** nhi&nsgjh
^lqur jke vfr dksey ckuh& ckyh usa vfr
ds vuqlkj izHkq ds lkFk ^vt* in ijekRek dks
dksey ok.kh iz;qDr dh gks ,slk mYys[k u rks
|ksrd gS vkSj ^vtgw¡ eSa* esa ckyh Lo;a dks
v/;kRe esa gh feysxk vkSj u gh okYehfd ;k
vfouk'kh thokRek dg jgs gSaA xksLokehth dk
vU; fdlh xzUFk esa ghA D;ksafd ckyh vD[kM+
vfHkizk; gS fd ckyh dks vius fuR; Lo:i dk
izd`fr ds gSa] igys gh dgk x;k gS] ^^ân; izhfr
cks/k gks x;kA dkdHkq'kf.Mth us Hkh dgk gS
eq[k cpu dBksjk** vkSj vkxs Hkh ^^tsfg tksfu
^^bZ'oj val tho vfcuklh] psru vey lgt
tUekSa deZ cl** esa budh vD[kM+rk Li"V ns[kus
lq[kjklh** 7@116 Jhxhrkth esa ;gh ckr
dks feysxhA bl le; Hkh os #f/kj ls lus gq;s
Hkxoku Jhd`".k us dgh gS vkSj ogk¡ Hkh ^vt*
gSa] lkals m[kM+h gqbZ vkSj ok.kh {kh.k gS] Lo;a
in dk iz;ksx gS& ^^vtks fuR;% 'kk’orks·;a
vius eq¡g ls ^vardky xfr rksfj* eku jgs gSa]
iqjk.kks u gU;rs gU;ekus 'kjhjs**A2@20
ijUrq ,slh nhu ghu voLFkk esa Hkh mUgksaus izHkq
vFkkZr&tho vtUek] fuR;] lukru] iqjkru gS]
ls thounku dh ;k vU; fdlh izdkj dh
'kjhj ds ekjs tkus ij Hkh ;g ugha ekjk tkrkA
;kpuk ugha dhA gk¡ viuk vijk/k Lohdkj
vardky xfr rksfj& izHkq ds opu gS fd tks esjh
djds leiZ.k ¼^xfr rksfj*½ dj fn;kA ;gk¡
vksj mUeq[k Hkj gks tkrk gS mlds djksM+ksa tUeksa
lquus okys vUr;kZeh Jhjketh gSa ftuds fy;s
ds iki vfoyEc fou"V gks tkrs gSa ^^lueq[k
dgk x;k gS ^^jgfr u izHkq fpr pwd fd, dh]
gksbZ tho eksfg tcgha] tUe dksfV v?k uklfga
djr lqjfr l; ckj fg, dh**A1@28@5 vr%
rcgha**A5@43@2 vkSj Jhxhrkth esa izHkq us ;gkWa
bUgsa ;g dksey ugha ^vfr dksey* ok.kh yx
rd dgk gS fd tks iq#"k vUrdky esa eq>dks
jgh gSA dksey ls xksLokehth dk ;gk¡ vk'k;
Lej.k djrk gqvk 'kjhj dks R;kx dj tkrk gS
{kh.k VwVrh lkalksa ls Hkh gSA
og lk{kkr~ esjs Lo:i dks izkIr gksrk gS blesa
^ckfy lhl ijlsm fut ikuh& ckyh us rks ugha
dqN Hkh la'k; ugha gS&
dgk ijUrq izHkq ns[k jgs gSa fd esjs izp.M ck.k
^^vUrdkys p ekeso LejueqDRok dysojeA
ds dkj.k ckyh ds 'kjhj esa {kj.k gks jgk gS
;% iz;kfr l eHnkoa ;kfr ukLR;= la'k;%**AA8@5
vkSj os rsth ls dky ds xky esa pys tk jgs gSaA
Jhxhrkth
izHkq dks rks ijk;s dh Hkh ihM+k lgu ugha gksrh
;gk¡ rks ckyh dks izHkq ds lk{kkr~ n'kZu gks jgs ^^d#uke; j?kqukFk xkslk¡bZ] csfx ikbvfga ihj
gSaA blfy;s v0 jkek;.k esa mUgksaus xhrkth ds ijkbZ**A2@84@2 vkSj ckyh rks HkDr gSa] fut
mijksDr Hkko dks gh lUnsg jfgr gksdj dgk gS tu gSaA vr% ml {kj.k dks jksdus ds fy;s gh
fd ftudk uke ejrs le; foo’k gksdj Hkh izHkq us ckyh ds eLrd dk Li'kZ djds 'kfDrikr
dksbZ ys ysrk gS og ijein dks izkIr gks tkrk fd;k gSA ;g Li’kZ }kjk fd;k ‘kfDrikr mlh
izdkj dk gS tSlkfd tVk;w dh ihM+k gjus vkSj Lo;¡ esa izk.k j[kus dh ftthfo"kk ¼thus dk pkg½
{kj.k dks jksdus ds fy;s çHkq us fd;k Fkk& iSnk djksA ckyh xnxn Hkko ls dg mBs gs
^^dj ljkst flj ijlsm dìkfla/kq
n;kfu/kku ! gs dìk ds /kkeA esjh lqfu;s&
j?kqchjA
^vpy djkSa ruq jk[kgq izkuk& izHkq dk uke gh
fujf[k jke Nfc /kke eq[k fcxr HkbZ lc
d#.kkfu/kku ugha gS ¼lR; liFk ^d#ukfu/kku*
ihj**AA3@30
dh½ os rks oLrqr% d#.kk ls vksrizksr
vkSj vHkh vHkh lqxhz oth ds 'kjhj dks
Hkh otz cukus ds fy;s izHkq us Li'kZ }kjk gh d#.kkflU/kq gh gSaA tVk;wth dks tc ,slh gh
'kfDrikr fd;k Fkk ^^dj ijlk lqxhz o ljhjk] {kr&fo{kr n'kk esa ns[kk rks izHkq jks iM+s Fks ^ty
ruq Hkk dqfyl xbZ lc ihjk**A Hkfj u;u dgfg j?kqjkbZ*A izHkq us muls Hkh ru
tSlkfd mijksä lqxhz oth ds izlax esa ¼izk.k½ j[kus dk vuqjks/k fd;k Fkk ^^jke dgk
lwfpr fd;k Fkk fd tc Hkh izHkq vius HkDr ds ruq jk[kgq rkrk**3@30@5A izHkq ds fy;s dgk
'kh'k ij gkFk Qsjrs gSa rc ogk¡ gkFk dk fo'ks"k.k x;k gS fd os fdlh dk vfHkeku jgus ugha nsrs
^dey* ;k mldk i;kZ;okph 'kCn jgrk gS] ^^lqugq jke dj lgt lqHkkÅ] ^tu vfHkeku*
fdUrq tc lqxzhoth ds 'kjhj dks otzor djuk u jk[kfga dkÅ**7@73@5 ijUrq izHkq dk ikyk
Fkk rc ^dj ijlk* gh dgk x;k] ogk¡ dey ;k gh ;gk¡ vD[kM+] vfHkekuh ls iM+k gS ftlus
ljkst ugha gS vkSj ;gk¡ ckyh ds 'kh'k Li'kZ ds ^vardky xfr rksfj* dg dj ‘kj.kkxfr ys yh]
le; Hkh dey u dg dj ^fut ikuh* gh dgk vc D;k gks\ blfy;s ^d#.kkfla/kq* ds fy;s
gS D;ksafd] e`R;q n.M tSls dBksjre dk;Z ds dgrs gSa fd 'kh'k uokus ek= ls gh vijk/kksa dks
lkFk dey dh lh dkseyrk dk lkeUtL; ugha fcljk dj j{kd cu tkrs gSa&
jg ldrk blfy;s ;gk¡ ^dey* in ugha gSA ^îzuriky j?kquk;d d#ukfla/kq
ijUrq blds lkFk ^fut* in yxk gSA /;ku nsxsa [kjkfjA0
rks ;gkWa ^fut* in dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gSA x,¡ lju izHkq jkf[kgSa ro vijk/k
^fut ikuh*& Lo;a ds gkFk ls ckyh ds 'kh'k dks fclkfj**AA5@22
Li'kZ fd;k] blls Li"V gS fd izHkq ds nksuks gkFk ;gk¡ rks gBh&deZ;ksxh ckyh us rhu&rhu
/kuq"k ck.k ls f?kjs gq;s ugha gS tSlk fd ^v#u fo'ks"k.kksa ¼lqugq jke] Lokeh lu] izHkq vtgw¡ ½ ds
u;u lj pki p<+k,¡* }kjk izrhfr gksrh gS] }kjk Lrqfr dh gSA blfy;s izHkq us u dsoy
oLrqr% og dsoy mfDr gSA ;fn mls mfDr u mlds vijk/kksa dks cfYd viuh izfrKk êkfjgm¡
eku dj lR; gh izHkq ds nksuksa gkFk /kuq"k ck.k ckfyfg ,dfg cku* dks Hkh fcljk dj cfYd
ls ^lj pki p<+k;s* ls f?kjs ekurs gSa] rks ekuuk Lo;a viuh vksj ls gh ^ruq jk[kgq izkuk* dk
gksxk fd izHkq us viuk prqHkqZt #i izdV fd;k vuqjks/k dj fn;kA
gS ^^ykspu vfHkjkek ruq ?kuL;kek fut vk;q/k ^ckfy dgk lquq dìkfu/kkuk& ckyh dks tc ;g
Hkqtpkjh**1@191 NanA vkSj ckyh dks prqHkqZth laKku gqvk fd izHkq eq> vfHkekuh dh Vsd
gkFkkssa ls Li'kZ fd;k gSA ckyh dh dksey ok.kh j[kus ds fy;s u dsoy viuh izfrKk gh Hkax
vkSj jä {kj.k ds dkj.k izHkq Hkko fog~oy gSa djus tk jgs gSa vfirq vUr;kZeh us ;g tkudj
muds eq[k ls ,d eqgwrZ rd opu gh ugha fd eSa ;g vius vfHkekuo'k izk.k j{kk dh
fudys vr,o igys Li'kZ fd;k rc cksys& izkFkZuk Hkh ugha d#¡xk] mUgksaus Lo;a gh ^ruq
vpy djkSa ruq jk[kgq izkuk A ckfy dgk lquq jk[kgq izkuk* dk izLrko fd;k gS rks os xn~xn
dìkfu/kkuk AA gksdj cksy iM+s& gs dìkfu/kku lqfu;s!
^dìkfu/kkuk*&Hkko gS fd vkius eq> ij igys gh
d#ukfu/kku us dgk gs ckyh ! eSa
vuUr dìk dj j[kh gS] esjk m)kj djus ds
rqEgkjh nsg dks vpy ¼fLFkj½ fd;s nsrk gw¡ rqe fy;s gh eq>s ekjk] Lo;a vkdj n'kZu fn;s] eq>s
mBdj cSBus vkSj cksyus dh lkeF;Z iznku dh] eqfutu rks okLro esa Å¡ph Js.kh ds gSaA
eq> v/ke vfHkekuh dks Li'kZ djds ihM+k eqDr fdUrq tVk;wth us rks
fd;k vkSj vc ;s izLrko j[k jgs gSa] gs v/ke ¼ikih&uhp½ dks Hkh ;fn mlds eq¡g ls
dìkfu/kku! eSa d`rkFkZ gks x;k gw¡ esjh lqfu;s& volku&csyk esa jke uke fudy tk;s rks
tUe tUe eqfu truq djkgha A var jke ijein dk vf/kdkjh dgk gS&
dfg vkor ukgha AA ^^tkdj uke ejr eq[k vkok] v/kem eqdqr gksbZ Jqfr
xkok**3@30@6
gs jketh ! tc eqeq{kq eqfutu tUe ^var jke dfg vkor ukgha& ;gk¡ Hkä ckyh us
tUe lk/ku&vH;kl djrs gSa rc dgha vUr ijexfr&eqfDr ikus ds rhu veks?k lk/ku crk;s
¼tUe½ esa eq[k ls jke dgus esa vkrk gS vkSj os gSaA bl v)kZyh esa fujUrj jke uke tius ls
vkokxeu ls eqDr gks ikrs gSaA vkokxeu ls eqfDr crkbZ gSA rks vxyh esa]
^tUe tUe eqfu truq djkgha& dbZ Vhdkdkjksa us dk'kh okl djus vkSj ogk¡ Hkxoku 'kadj }kjk
jke uke dks nqyZHk ekurs gq;s bl v)kZyh dk jke uke lqukus ls ogh xfr gSA vkSj mlls
;ksa vFkZ fd;k gS ^^tUe tUe eqfutu ftlds vxyh esa] vuk;kl Hkxor dìk gksus ls Hkfä
fy;s iz;Ru djrs jgrs gSa rc Hkh vUr le; esa eqfDr feyus dh dgh gSA
eq¡g ls ^jke* uke fudyrk ugha gSA fdUrq bl tklq uke cy ladj dklh A nsr lcfg
izdkj vFkZ djus ls vxyh v)kZyh ds Hkkoksa dk le xfr vfcuklh AA
dksbZ rkjRkE; ¼esy½ ugha cSBrk gSA fQj ;gk¡ ftuds rkjd uke ds cy ij gh
êqfu* dgk x;k gS vFkkZr~ euu'khy eqeq{kq Hkxoku 'kadjth dk'kh/kke esa lHkh dks ,d
O;fDrA jke uke rks bu eqfu;ksa ds vH;kl esa
leku #i ls vfoukf'kuh xfr ¼eqfDr½ iznku
gh clk gSA budh fnup;kZ gh ^^mBr cSBr
ijr mrkus] dgs jke dks lksbZ l;kus** okyh gS djrs gSaA
fdUrq xksLokehth us bl jke uke dks loZ ^tklq uke cy ladj dklh& izkjEHk esa gh dgk
lk/kkj.k ds fy;s Hkh lqyHk dgk gS& gS fd fdf"dU/kkdk.M vkS<+jnkuh Hkxoku
^^lqfejr lqyHk lq[kn lc dkgw] yksd ykgq ijyksd lnkf'ko dks lefiZr gS vkSj lEiqfVr Hkh gS
fuckgw**A1@19@2 vFkkZr~ ^tsfg egq¡ vkfn e/; volkuk*7@30
bl pkSikbZ ds lVhd Hkko dks izLrqr esa Hkxoku f’ko ekStwn gSaA blds vuqlkj bldk
djus okyk ,d 'yksd Jhxhrkth esa Hkh miyC/k izFke lksjBk ^^tg¡ cl laHkq Hkokfu lks dklh
gSA ogk¡ Hkxoku Jhd`".k us dgk gS ^vusd lsbv dlu** bUgha ds uke dk gS vkSj bl e/;
tUeksa ds laLdkj cy ls lafl) gqvk iz;Ru dh v)kZyh dks vki i<+ gh jgs gSa] rFkk dk.M
ijk;.k ;ksxh] blh tUe esa ije 'kq) gksdj dk vfUre nksgk ^^frUg dj ldy euksjFk fl)
ijexfr dks izkIr gks tkrk gS& djfga f=iqjkfj** Hkh bUgha dks lefiZr fd;k x;k
^îz;Ruk|rekuLrq ;ksxha la'kq) fdfYc"k%A gSA izkphu fdf"dU/kk uxjh ftls vkt
vusd tUe lafl)Lrrks ;kfr ijkaa fot;uxje lH;rk dh jkt/kkuh gsEih dgrs gSa
xfre~**AA6@45Jhxhrkth dks nf{k.k dk'kh dk lEeku fn;k tkrk gSA
blh Hkko dh vkSj lqiqf"V gsrq x.kifr mPpdksfV ds ekuleeZK ia0 f'koykyth ikBd
mik/;k;th dk fuEu nksgk Hkh ns[ksa& dk dguk gS fd ^^fdf"dU/kkdk.M dk'kh ds rqY;
tUe tUe eqfu ;ru dfj vardky dfg jkeA gSA ,rkork tSls dk'kh esa ejus ls ejus okyksa
vkor ufga lalkj eg¡ tkr rqEgkjs dks eqfDr izkIr gksrh gS] mlh izdkj
/kkeAA fdf"dU/kkdk.M dk izse ls Lok/;k; djus okyksa
dks Jhjketh fey tkrs gSa**& ns[ksa xq#dìk
ekul ih;w"k [k.M5i`-105 dknfEcuh i`"B 366A
izkjEHk esa ;gh dgk x;k Fkk fd ;g ogk¡ ns[k ysaA lkr pkSikbZ okyh ,dk/k vkSj Hkh
jkeuke ijd dk.M gSA eaxykpj.k ‘yksd esa gksuh laHko gSas] ijUrq ik¡p pkSikbZ okyh ekul esa
flQZ ;gh gSA
Jhjkeukeke`re~ Fkk blds vUr esa Hkh uke ppkZ
gS ^tklq uke v/k [kx cf/kd* vkSj ;gk¡ Hkh
ee ykspu xkspj lksb vkok A cgqfj fd
ûke cy ladj dklh* dgk x;k gS ;gkWa ûke
izHkq vl cfufg cukok AA
ftudk uke gh ijexfr iznku djus
cy* dgus dk rkRi;Z gS fd dk'kh esa ejus okyksa
okyk gS os Lo;a gh esjs us=kfn KkusfUnz;ks ds
dks Hkxoku f'ko tks eqfDr iznku djrs gSa og
le{k i/kkjs gq;s gSa] gs izHkks ! vki gh crk;sa fd
uke cy ds dkj.k gh D;ksafd os Lo;a fujUrj
D;k fQj dHkh ,slk lq;ksx cukus ls Hkh cu
izse iwoZd jke uke egkea= dk tki djrs jgrs
ldsxk\
gSa ^^rqEg iqfu jke jke fnujkrh] lknj tigq
êe ykspu xkspj lksb vkok& ftuds uke dk
vuax vkjkrh**A1@107@7 vkSj ej.kklUu bruk eaxye; izHkko gS] os gh ¼lksb½ lk{kkr~
izkf.k;ksa dks blh dk mins'k nsdj mUgsa eqfDr esjs us=ksa ds lkeus [kM+s gSaA esjk HkkX; rks eqfu;ksa
iznku djrs gSa ^êgkea= tksb tir egslwA dklh vkSj dk'kh okfl;ksa ls Hkh fo'ks"k mÙke gSA mUgsa
eqdqfr gsrq minslw**A1@18@3 iz;Ru djus ij ûke* dh izkfIr gksrh gS vkSj
^nsr lcfg le xfr vfcuklh& ^nsr* ls rkRi;Z eq>s vuk;kl ¼vkok½ uke vkSj :i nksuksa dh
gS fd f=Hkqou xq# 'kadjth lHkh dks jkeuke dk izkfIr gqbZ gSA
egkea= Hkh nsrs gSa vkSj eqfDr Hkh nsrs gSaA ^lcfg ^cgqfj fd izHkq vl cfufg cukok& jketh dks
le xfr* dk vfHkizk; gS fd tkfr&ik¡fr Hkxoku 'kadj lokZf/kd fiz; gaS ^^flo leku fiz;
Kkuh&vKkuh] /kehZ&v/kehZ bR;kfn dk HksnHkko eksfg u nwtk**] tc os gh jketh ds n'kZuksa dks
fd;s fcuk] tks Hkh dk'kh esa ejus okys izk.kh gSa nqyZHk ekurs gSa ^^ân; fcpkjr tkr gj dsfg
mu lHkh dks] ,d leku n`f"V ls ijexfr fcf/k njluq gksbZ** vkSj tkurs gSa fd izHkq dìk
iznku djrs gSaA blesa tho tUrq Hkh 'kkfey gSa djsaxs rks gh n'kZu gksaxas vius cuk;s dqN u
Hkxoku 'kadj us Lo;a ekrk ikoZrh ls dgk gSS& cusxk ^^tkS ufga tkm¡ jgb ifNrkok]djr fcpk#
^^dklh ejr ^tUrq* voyksdh] tklq uke cy djm¡ u cur cukok**1@48@2A vr,o ckyh dk
fclksdh**A1@118@1 ;gk¡ ;g dguk fd îzHkq vl cfufg cukok*
foxr nksgs ¼lqugq jke Lokeh lu½ ds ckn loZFkk mfpr gh gSA îzHkq* in dk Hkko gS
dh pkSikbZ ls vxyh pkSikbZ ^cgqfj fd izHkq vl ^^drqZedrqZe~ leFkZ** vFkkZr vkidh dìk ds
cfufg cukok* rd dqy ik¡p pkSikb;k¡ gSaA ;s dkj.k gh n'kZu ykHk feyk gSA
ogh ik¡p mPpdksfV dh pkSikb;k¡ gSa ftudk ;gk¡ ^lksb* in ds }kjk ckyh us ftl
ladr s xksLokehth us fd;k gS& ^^lr iap pkSikbZa rRo dk ¼ijkRij czã dk½ fu#i.k fd;k gS mls
euksgj tkfu tks uj mj /kjS] gh tVk;wth us ^lks* in ds }kjk dgk gS ^^lks
nk#u vfc|k iap tfur fcdkj Jhj?kqcj ee ykspu xkspj vkxs] jk[kkSa nsg ukFk dsfg
gjS**A7@130Nan [kk¡x*s *3@30@7 vkSj nksuksa deZ;ksfx;ksa dk ,d
;gk¡ dh ik¡pkas pkSikb;k¡ Hkfä ekxZ dks iz’kLr gh er gS fd blls cM+h miyfC/k thou esa vkSj
djus okyh vkSj fouezrk dk ikB i<+k ?kksj D;k gks ldrh gS\ vkSj vxyk Nan dk Hkh
dfBukb;ksa ls mckjus okyh gSa] euu djds ns[k izkjEHk ^lks* in ls gh fd;k gS] ftlesa blh czã
ysaA ,d nksgs ls nwljs nksgs ds chp lkr rRo dk gh fdafpr foLrkj ls o.kZu gSA
pkSikb;ksa dh J`[kayk dsoy nks txg v;ks0 nksgk Nan&lks u;u xkspj tklq xqu fur usfr dfg
63 ds ckn ,oa mRrjdk.M nksgk 74 ds ckn gS] Jqfr xkogha A0
ftfr iou eu xks fujl dfj eqfu /;ku eqfu;ksa ds fy;s Hkh nq"dj dk;Z ekuk x;k gSA
dcgWaqd ikogha A1 Jhxhrkth esa Hkxoku us Lo;a dgk gS fd ;s
izeFku LoHkko okyh bfUnz;k¡ ;Ru djrs gq;s
ogh czã] ftudk xq.kxku Jqfr;k¡ ¼osn½
eqfu;ksa ds eu dks Hkh cykr gj ysrh gSa
fuR; fujUrj usfr usfr ¼tks geus dgk gS og ^^bfUnz;kf.k izekFkhfu gjfUr izlHka eu%**2@60A
budh bfr ugha gS½ dgdj djrh gSa vkSj ftUgsa fo’okfe= tSls foKku /kke eqfu dh ?kksj riL;k
eqfux.k vius iou ds leku pyk;eku eu dks dks esudk gj ys xbZ] jketh us gh ladr s esa
thrdj vkSj bfUnz;ksa dks izR;kgkj ds }kjk i¡p dgk gS ^êqfu fcX;ku /kke eu djfga fufe”k
fo"k;ksa ¼:i] jl] xU/k] 'kCn vkSj Li'kZkfn½ ls egq¡ NksHk**3@38 vr,o ;g vko’;d ugha gS
fd bruh dfBu lk/kuk djus ds ckn Hkh ;g
fujl djus ds ckn Hkh ;nk dnk gh /;ku esa
vko';d ugha gS fd ¼/;ku esa Hkh½ izHkq ls
¼n'kZu½ ik ikrs gSa ogha czã esjs us=ksa ds le{k lk{kkRdkj gks gh tk;A vr% ckyh us dgk&
lkdkj gSA êqfu /;ku dcgq¡d ikogha*A
^lks u;u xkspj tklq xqu& ûsfr* dk HkkokFkZ Nan &eksfg tkfu vfr vfHkeku cl izHkq
gS fd czã bruk gh ugha gS] tks geus ;gh ugha
dgk gS] bldh dksbZ bfr ugha gS og o.kkZrhr
dgsm jk[kq ljhjghaA
gSA ;g ûsfr* Hkko bl dk.M ds igys 'yksd vl dou lB gfB dkfV lqjr# ckfj
¼^dqUnsUnhoj lqUnjkofr cykS*½ esa cgqr gh dfjfg ccwjgha AA
vn~Hkqr jhfr ls izfrikfnr gqvk gSA ogk¡ dgk eq>s vR;Ur vfHkeku ds o'k esa tkudj
x;k gS fd ^^czã tks fuxe usfr dfg xkok] gh izHkq us] dìkfu/kku us bl 'kjhj dks thfor
mHk; cs”k /kfj dh lksb vkok**1@215@2 j[kus dks dgk gSA fdUrq ,slk dkSu ew[kZ gksxk
vorfjr nksuksa çHkq fo"ke jax ¼';ke xkSj½ gksus
tks Lo;a ds nqjkxzg o'k euksdkeuk iw.kZ djus
ds lkFk gh dqUn] bUnhoj Qwyksa ds leku dksey
gSa] fdUrq ^vfrcykS* Hkh gSa] ijUrq igyoku ds okys dYio`{k dks dkV dj mlls ccwy dh j{kk
leku tM+ ew[kZ u gksdj foKku ds /kke gSa] gsrq ckM+ dk dk;Z ysosxkA
foKkuh gksus ij Hkh uhjl ugha gSa ^'kksHkk<+;kS* gaS] êksfg tkfu vfr vfHkeku cl& izHkq ds n'kZuksa
'kksHkk<+;ksa gksus ij Hkh lqde q kj ugha gSa] ôj dk Qy vuwwi o veks?k dgk x;k gS ^êe
/kfUoukSa* gSaA ;s lc xq.k ,d ekuo esa gksuk njlu Qy ije vuwik**3@35@9] ^êksj njlq
nq"dj gS rks Li"V fd;k x;k fd ;s ^JqfruqrkS* veks?k tx ekgha**5@48@9A blds vuqlkj
gSa vFkkZr osn Jqfr;ksa }kjk ofUnr bZ'oj gSa vkSj ckyh dks Hkh viuk euksok¡fNr Qy feyuk
osn Jqfr;ksa usfr usfr dgdj pqi gks tkrh gSaA pkfg;sA tSlkfd ‘kcjhth dks dSoY; in feyk
ckyh us Hkh ^Jqfr xkogha* dgdj blh vykSfdd ^^gfj in yhu Hkb tg¡ ufga fQjsa**3@36Na0
rRo dh vksj ladr s fd;k gSA ;k] foHkh”k.kth dks yadk dk jkT; feyk ^^tjr
^ftfr iou eu xks fujl dfj& îou eu* fcHkh”kuq jk[ksm nhUgsm jktq v[k.M**5@49 pw¡fd
dgus dk vfHkizk; gS fd eu iou ds leku ckyh dk c/k ;dk;d fd;k gS mlds eu esa
pyk;eku gSA Jhxhrkth esa JhvtqZu us Hkh dgk jkt djus dh ;k thus dh dkeuk gks ldrh gS
gS fd êu dks o'k esa djuk eSa ok;q dks jksdus vr% ^ruq jk[kgq izkuk* dh dgh FkhA nwljs
dh Hkk¡fr vR;Ur nq"dj ekurk gw¡*] ^^rL;kga dkj.k dks igys gh Li"V fd;k gS fd izHkq ^ruq
fuxzga eU;s ok;ksfjo lqnq"dje~**A6@34 ekul esa jk[kgq izkuk* ckyh dh izd`fr dks tkurs gSa fd
Hkh ladr s gS ^^thfr u tkb izHkatu tk;k**A ;g vius uSlfxZd vfHkeku o'k izk.k j{kk dh
^xks* ;kus bfUnz;k¡ ^^xks xkspj tg¡ yfx eu xqgkj Hkh ugha djsxk] vr% izHkq us Lo;a viuh
tkbZ** bfUnz;ksa dks fo"k; jl ls fujl dj ikuk vksj ls ^ruq jk[kgq izkuk* dk vuqjks/k fd;k Fkk
ckyh us izHkq dh mlh dìk dks ;gk¡ ^êksfg tkfu ^ûkfj u;u ^lj* tkfg u ykxk] ?kksj Øks/k re
vfr vfHkeku cl** esa mn~Hkkf"kr fd;k gSA fufl tks tkxk**4@20@4 vkSj ^Hk`dfq V* ds fy;s
^vl dou lB gfB dkfV*& ckykth bUnz ds Hkh ^pki* dh miek nh xbZ gS] izHkq dh Nfo
va’k ls gSa] vfHktkr oxZ okys viuh dherh ;k o.kZu esa vk;k gS&
ubZ oLrq dh ppkZ ?kqek fQjk dj gh nsrs gSa] ^^Hk̀dqfV* eukst ^pki* Nfc gkjh] fryd yykV iVy
mlh o`fÙk dh >yd ^dkfV lqjr#* esa gSA nwljksa nqfrdkjh**1@146@4
ds izfr gYds ‘kCnksa dk iz;ksx Hkh mudh vknr ^nsgq tks cj ekxÅ¡**& ckyh dk vfHkizk; gS fd
esa gksrk gS] bls ^vl dou lB* ls le>k tk eq>s ^ruq jk[kgq izkuk* okyk ojnku ugha pkfg;s]
ldrk gSA bUnz }kjk dh xbZ Lrqfr esa rks vkidks tks eSa ekaxus tk jgk gw¡ og ojnku nhft;sA
^nq”V*] vfrnq”V*] ^vfr cy xoZ*] îkfi”V* ^tsfga tksfu tUekSa deZ cl& izHkq ds n'kZuksa ls
vkfn ‘kCn fey tk;saxs ns[ksa ^vLrqfr dj lqj lHkh thoksa dks lgt&eks{k dh izkfIr gksrh gS
bZl*6@112A ^êe njlu Qy ije vuwik] tho iko fut
Nan & vc ukFk dfj d#uk fcyksdgq nsgq lgt l#ik**3@35@9A ijUrq ckyh lqjifr
tks cj ekxÅ¡ A00 bUnz ds v'kkaorkj gSa vkSj lxq.kksikld gaSA
lxq.kksikldksa ds fy;s dgk x;k gS fd os eks{k
tsfg tksfu tUekSa deZ cl rg¡ jke
ugha pkgrs gSa mlds ,ot esa os izHkq ls HkfDr
in vuqjkxÅ¡ AA2AA dh ;kpuk djrs gS ^^lxquksikld eksPN u ysgha]
gs txUukFk ! gs Lokeh ! vc ¼bu frUg dgq¡ jke Hkxfr fut nsgha**A6@111@7 og
vfUre {k.kksa esa½ rks esjh vksj d#.kk n`f"V ls Hkh os blfy;s pkgrs gSa fd vorkj ds voljksa
fugkfj;s vkSj og oj nhft;s tks eSa ekax jgk ij os izHkq ds lax jgdj vkuUn ykHk ys ldsa
gw¡A vius deksZa ds Qykuqlkj eq>s ftl ;ksfu ^^lxqu mikld lax rg¡ jgfga eksPN lq[k
R;kfx**4@26 blfy;s ckyh us Hkh ;gk¡ eks{k ds
¼i'kq] i{kh] lfj] liZ vkSj ekuo½ esa tUe feys
LFkku ij HkfDr gsrq iqutZUe ek¡xkA
ogk¡ bl ojnku Lo:i vkids gh Jhpj.kksa esa rg¡ jke in vuqjkxÅ¡& bl ojnku ds
vuqjkx Hkh ikÅ¡A QyLo:i dgysa ;k ckyh dks nh gqbZ dM+h ltk
^vc ukFk dfj d#uk fcyksdgq& blds iwoZ ds dkj.k ilht dj dgysa] izHkq us vxys
^v#u u;u lj pki p<+k,* in vk;k gSA ;gk¡ vorkj esa vFkkZr~ d`".kkorkj esa ckyh dks viuk
mlh vucw> igsyh dk lek/kku j[kk gqvk gSA pgsrk l[kk vtZqu cuk;k gSA vtqZu bUnz ds
ckyh dk vfHkizk; gS fd Øks/k ds dkj.k vkids va'kkorkj gS bldk Li”V mYys[k
v#.kkjs gq;s u;u :ih lj vc rd Hk`dfq V Hkkxor&iqjk.kkfn esa gSaA vkSj ckyh Hkh ;gk¡ ls
:ih pki ij p<s+ gq, FksA gs ukFk! vc bl vkSj dksbZ ;ksfu esa u tkdj lh/ks bUnz in ij
volku csyk esa rks nkl dks d#.kke; n`f"V gh x;s gSaA bldk izek.k ckyh ds dgs opuksa
djds fugkj ysosaA vkSj bUnz ds }kjk dh xbZ Lrqfr ds opuksa dk
xksLokehth us ekul dks ^cq/k foJke feyku djus ls Hkh gks tk;sxkA tSlsfd ;gk¡
ldy tu jatfu*1@30@5 dgk gS vFkkZr~ blds ckyh us ^êksfg tkfu vfr vfHkeku cl çHkq
}kjk fo}tuksa dh Kku fiiklk dh r`fIr Hkh gksosa dgsm jk[kq ljhjgh** dgk gS rks ogk¡ bUnzLrqfr
vkSj esa ^êksfg jgk vfr vfHkeku] ufg dksm eksfg
tulk/kkj.k dks Hkjiwj ukV~; euksjatu Hkh feysA leku** gSA ;gk¡ ckyh us vuqjks/k fd;k gS ^^vc
blhfy;s mUgksaus chp chp esa ,sls cq>kSoy j[ks gSa ukFk dfj d#uk fcyksdgq nsgq tks cj ekxm¡**
vkSj mudk lek/kku Hkh vklikl gh latks j[kk rks ogk¡ blh Hkko esa bUnz us dgk gS ^^vc dfj
gSA ukfj u;uksa ds fy;s izk;% ^'kj* ¼u;u ck.k½ dìk fcyksfd eksfg vk;lq nsgq dìky** 6@113A
dh miek nh tkrh gS] vkxs lqxhz oth Hkh dgsaxs
Nan & ;g ru; ee le fcu; cy Hkxoku us izg~yknth dks xksn esa fy;k FkkA ;gh
dY;kuizn izHkq yhft,s A xksn esa ysus dh ckr vkxs vaxnth us izHkq dks
Lej.k Hkh djkbZ gS] ^êjrh csj ukFk eksfg
xfg ck¡g lqj uj ukg vkiu nkl
ckyh] x;m rqEgkjsfg ^dksaNs* ?kkyh**A 7@17@2]
vaxn dhft,s AA dksaNas ?kkyh ;kus xksn cSBk x;s FksA
gs izHkks ! ;g ¼lEeq[k [kM+k½ vaxn esjs ^vkiu nkl vaxn dhft,s& viuh gh lsok esa
dysts dk VqdM+k ¼ru;½ gS] ^vkRekoS tk;rs j[ksa] vfHkizk; gS fd bls viuh gh lsok esa j[ksa]
iq=%* bl xq.k/keZ ls esjs leku gS] fdUrq ;g lqxhz o dk nkl u cukosaA blhfy;s fdf"dU/kk
fou;'khy gS ¼blesa esjh vgadkj o`fÙk ugha gS½ ykSVus dh vfuPNk izdV djrs gq;s vaxnth us
dgk Hkh gS ^ûhfp Vgy x`g dS lc dfjgm¡]
bldk cy dY;k.kizn gSA gs dY;k.k dRkkZ izHkks !
in iadt fcyksfd Hko rfjgm¡**7@17@7A
bls lsok esa yhft;sA tSls nsokf/kifr u`flag vaxnth ds bl dFku vkSj ckyh ds ^vkiu
Hkxoku us izg~ykn dh ck¡g Fkkeh Fkh oSls gh nkl* dgus ds ckn Hkh ;g lkspuk fd jktuhfr
vaxn dks ysdj mls viuk nkl&lsod cuk fuiq.k ckyh us vius iq= vaxnth ds fy;s ;g
yhft;sA lqj uj ukg¾u`flag Hkxoku jkT; izkfIr dh O;oLFkk dh gS ljklj vuqfpr
^;g ru; ee le fcu; cy& ^;g ru;* gksxkA ^vUrers lksxfr* ds vuqlkj ckyh us
blls lwfpr fd;k fd vaxnth ogk¡ igq¡p x;s viuk eeRo izHkq ds pj.kksa esa lefiZr dj fn;k
gSa] ckyh us mudh vksj vaxy q h dk ladrs djds vkSj Lo;a bu lcls foeqDr gks x;s] izHkq us
^;g ru;* dgk gSA ^ru; ee* dk vfHkizk;% gS dgk Hkh gS& ^^lc dS eerk rkx cVksjh] ee
fd vaxnth esa mudk lokZf/kd eeRo Hkko gSA in eufg cka/k cfj Mksjh**5@47@5 ;fn ckyh
ok0 jk0 esa mUgksaus dgk gS ^êq>s viuk ;k ds eu esa fdafpr Hkh LokFkZ Hkkouk 'ks"k jg tkrh
rkjk dk vFkok cU/kq ckU/koksa dk Hkh mruk ‘kksd rks izHkq ds pj.kksa esa mldh izhfr dk n`<+ gksuk
ugha gS ftruk bl Js”B xq.k lEiUu iq= vaxn laHko gh ugha Fkk tSlk fd vxys nksgs esa
dk gks jgk gS& xksLokehth us o.kZu fd;k gSA [kSj! blds iwoZ
^û pkRekuega ‘kksps u rkjksa ukfi ckyh o/k dk vkSfpR; le> ysa&
ckU/koku~A iz'u gS fd Jhjketh us ckyh dks foVi vksV ls
;Fkk iq=a xq.kT;s”Bexna gh D;ksa ekjk] mlls }U} ;q) ¼lEeq[k ;q)½
dudkaxne~**AA4@18@50 D;ksa ugha fd;k\ izHkq esa lkeF;Z dh deh rks
êe le* dgus esa vfHkizk;% gS fd esjs lkjs dksbZ Fkh ughaA ;fn gksrh rks D;k os vdsys
Js"B xq.k blesa gSaA pw¡fd izHkq us ckyh dks Hk;kud deZokys pkSng gtkj ¼[kj&nw"k.kkfn½
^vfrl; vfHkekuh* dgk Fkk blfy;s lQkbZ nh jk{klksa dks rRdky ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj ikrs&
fd blesa fou; gSA ^fcu; cy*& dk rkRi;Z gS ^^prqnZ'k lgLkzkf.k j{klka HkhedeZ.kkeA
fd vgadkjh ugha gksus ls bldk cy }Un ;q)ksa grkU;s dsu jkes.k ekuq"ks.k
esa u yxdj dY;k.k dk;ksZa esa yxrk gS] vr% inkfruk**AA3@26@35ok0jk0
lcds fy;s ^dY;k.k izn* dgk vkSj 'kj.k esa vU; xzUFkksa esa Hkh ;g izlax miyC/k gSA tc
ysus dh izkFkZuk dhA jketh ds pyk;s gq;s ekewyh ls ^lhadkL=* ls
^xfg ck¡g lqj uj ukg& Åij ^yhft,s* dgus nsojkt bUnz ds iq= taa;r dks f=yksdh esa dksbZ
ds ckn ;gk¡ ^xfg ck¡g* dgus dh vko';drk gh Hkh 'kj.k ugha ns ik;k] Lo;a bUnz Hkh ugha ns
ugh Fkh] fdUrq ckyh dk vuqjks/k gS esjs le{k ik;s ^^/kfj fut :i ¼ta;r½ x;m firq ikgha]
gh vaxn dh ck¡g dks oSls gh Fkkfe;s tSlsfd jke fceq[k jk[kk rsfg ukgha**A3@1@2 rc ckyh
^lqj uj ukg* us vFkkZr~ nsokf/kifr u`flag rks bUnz ds va'kkorkj ¼ekuoh:i½ gh gaSA
dqN lTtuksa ds erkuqlkj] ckyh dks nsuk vFkkZr~ nso vkSj nkuoklqj&jko.k ds igys
fdlh dk fn;k gqvk ojnku Fkk fd tks dksbZ gh nso vkSj nSoo`fÙk esa gh la?k"kZ djk nsukA
mlls lEeq[k ;q) djus vk;sxk mldk vk/kk D;ksafd ;s lc okujkfn nsoksa ds va'k ls leqRiUu
cy ckyh dks fey tk;sxk ¼dEc jkek;.k gS ^^lqj vafld lc dfi v# jhNk**A vkSj ;s
4@117½ vr% izHkq us ojnku dh e;kZnk j[kus okuj jko.k o/k ds fy;s gh vorfjr gq;s gSaA
gsrq mls foVi vksV ls ekjkA ;g Hkh dgk tkrk vr% ,d dq'ky jktuhfrK dh Hkk¡fr igys rks
gS fd mlds ikl bUnz iznÙk fnO; ekyk Fkh mls lqxhz oth ls vkgwr djkdj fdf"dU/kkiqjh ls
ftlds izHkko ls 'k=q dk vk/kk cy mls fey ckgj yk;k x;kA rc foVi vksV ls ekjk x;k]
tkrk FkkA ckYehfd jkek;.k esa ekyk dk mYys[k rkfd bl }U} ;q) esa lsuk ;k uxjokfl;ksa dk
rks gS fdUrq vk/kh 'kfDr feyus dh ckr dk dksbZ gLr{ksi u gksus ikos vkSj izdkjkraj ls gksus
mYys[k ;k izlax dksbZ ugha gSA okyh tkueky dh Hkh {kfr u gksus ikosA
;qx&;qxkUrj ls 'kk'or bl iz'u dks ¼3½ fu%lUnsg] ckyh dks foVi vksV ls gh ekjk
fo}kuksa us viuh viuh efr vuq:i gy djus x;k gS fdUrq ;g foVi vksV gS D;k\ oLrqr%
dk iz;kl fd;k gSA bl fo"k; ij vusdkusad ;g e;kZnk'khy O;fDr;ksa ds fy;s ,d izdkj dk
LorU= xzUFk Hkh fy[ks x;s gSaA dqNd s fu"d"kZ tks e;kZnk;qDr vkoj.k gh rks gS] tSls lhrkth us
bl vYiefr dks #fpdj yxs ¼1½ ckYehfd jko.k ds le{k r`.k /kjk Fkk ^rù /kfj vksV
jkek;.k ds vuqlkj ckyh o jko.k esa eS=h o dgfr cSnsgh* fdUrq D;k rkjk ds le>kus ds
;q) ckn Hkh] vkSj izHkq }kjk lqxhz oth dks lqeu ekyk
laf/k Fkh ^^rr% izTokyf;RokfXua rkoqHkkS iguk dj Hkstus ds ckn Hkh jketh ckyh dh
gfjjk{klkS**A7@34@42] ekul esa Hkh vaxnth n`f"V ls vKkr gh jgs\
us jko.k dks bldk Lej.k fnykrs gq;s dgk gS izHkq 'kj.kkxr oRly gSa ^êe iu
^êe tudfg rksfg jgh ^ferkbZ*] ro fgr ljukxr Hk; gkjh** mudh 'kj.kkxr oRlyrk
dkju vk;m¡ HkkbZ**6@19@2A ckyh vius gh ckyh dks foVi vksV ls ekjus dk eq[;
opuksa ds iDds Fks blfy;s u rks os vfXu lk{kh dkj.k gSA ckyh dks ekjus ds ckn Hkh izHkq mlls
esa dh xbZ jko.k ls viuh eS=h gh Hkax dj ^ruq jk[kgq izkuk* dk vuqjks/k dj jgs gSaA
ldrs FksA vkSj u gh vius vgadkjo'k 'kj.kkxr oRlyrk dk blls cM+k izek.k vkSj
Jhjketh dh 'kj.k esa gh tk ldrs Fks vkSj D;k pkfg;sA dEcjkek;.k esa foVi vksV ls
ckyh dk o/k gq;s fcuk] ekjus dk dkj.k cgqr gh lqLi"V djds fy[kk
fdf"dU/kk dks ikj dj] jko.k rd igq¡puk Hkh x;k gSA ogk¡ ckyh ds mykgus ds izR;qÙkj esa
lEHko ugha FkkA ckyh Hkh tkurs gSa fd esjs ejus y{e.kth us dgk gS ^^rqEgkjk HkkbZ lqxhz o igys
ls gh ;g leL;k lqy>sxhA mUgksusa çHkq ls ladr s gh izHkq Jhjke dh 'kj.k esa vk x;k Fkk] esjs
:i esa ;gh dgk gS fd ^êSa pkgrk Fkk fd HkkbZ us mls opu fn;k Fkk fd uhfr ls Hkz"V
vkids gkFk ls esjk o/k gks blhfy;s rkjk }kjk ckyh dks eSa ekj nwaxkA ;fn jketh ;q) {ks= esa
jksds tkus ij Hkh eSa lqxhz o ls ;q) djus ds rqEgkjs lEeq[k vk tkrs vkSj dnkfpr~ rqe Hkh
fy;s vk x;k& vius izk.kksa ds eksg ls mudh 'kj.k ekaxrs rc
^^RoÙkks·ga o/kekdka{ku~ ok;Zek.kks·fi D;k gksrk\ ;gh lkspdj esjs Hkzkrk us fNidj
rkj;kA 'kj&la/kku fd;k gS**A ns[ksa dEcjkek;.k
lqxzhos.k lg Hkzk=k 4@346A bu ¼1½] ¼2½ o ¼3½ esa dgs dkj.kksa
}U};q)eqikxr%**AA4@18@57 ds dkj.k gh ckyh dks fcVi vksV ls ekjk x;k]
¼2½ ckyh ls vkeus lkeus ;q) djus dk rkRi;Z ;gh ,d ek= jkLrk FkkA
Fkk vkil esa okujksa&okujksa dks gh foHkkftr dj
nksgk& jke pju n`<+ izhfr dfj ckfy dhUg ;gk¡ ^lqeu eky ftfe daB rs* esa nks
ruq R;kx AA ckrsa ;k nks Hkko ,d lkFk lkadfs rd :i ls dgs
x;s gSaA /;ku jgs fd xksLokehth us ekul dh
lqeu eky ftfe daB rs fxjr u
jpuk ^^LokUr% lq[kk; rqylh j?kqukFk xkFkk Hkk"kk
tkub ukx AA10AA fucU/k efr eatqy ekruksfr**] dh gSA ;s ladr s
Jhjketh ds Jhpj.kksa esa izhfr lqn`<+ LofufeZr vk'kqfyfi tSls gSa D;ksafd bUgsa
djds ¼eksgkfn ls eqDr gksdj½ ckyh us vius xksLokehth dks gh le>uk Hkh FkkA loZlk/kkj.k
ikfFkZo 'kjhj dk R;kx bruh lgtrk ls dj ikBdksa ds fy;s rks êkul* vkt Hkh lkeosnh
fn;k tSls gkFkh dks vius xys dh Qwyekyk ds euksjatu djus okyh iksFkh gh gS ^^cq/k foJke
ldy tu jatfu**A
fxj tkus dh izrhfr ugha gksrhA
^jke pju n`<+ izhfr dfj& ckyh us ekaxh rks ^fxjr u tkub ukx& ûkx*¾gkFkh vkSj ^dfj*
dsoy jke pj.kksa dh izhfr gh Fkh ^jke in ekus Hkh gkFkh gS ^tkufg dgq dfjcj xkfeuh*]
vuqjkxÅ¡* ijUrq izHkq us mUgsa rqjUr ^n`<+ izhfr* bl vdsys Nan esa gh ^dfj* in rhu ckj vk;k
iznku dj nh] ;kusfd mPp Js.kh dh vuikf;uh gS] ^fujl ^dfj* eqfu /;ku*] ^ûkFk ^dfj*
HkfDr ns nh] D;ksa ns nh\ D;ksafd izHkq ds opu gSa d#uk fcyksdgq** vkSj bl nksgs esa rks Li"V gh
^^fueZy eu tu lks eksfg ikok**A bl ^jke
ckyh dks gkFkh dgk gh x;k gS ^dfj* ckfy
pju n`<+ izhfr* ls tuk;k fd ckyh vaxnkfn
eksg ls eqDr vkSj lqxhz okfn jkx}s"k ls 'kwU; dhUg ruq R;kx* vkSj ;gk¡ iqu% miek Hkh gkFkh
gksdj fueZy gks pqds gSaA ¼ukx½ dh nh xbZ gSA oLrqr% ^dfj* in vkSj
^ckfy dhUg ruq R;kx& dgk x;k gS fd bl :id ds }kjk xksLokehth us xtsUnzeks{k dFkk
^^tuer ejr nqlg nq[k gksbZ**7@108@7 ijUrq dh vksj /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k gSA ;ksa ckYehfd
ckyh us LosPNk ls] fcuk fdlh d"V ds tSls jkek;.k esa rks ckyh dks Li”V gkFkh dh gh
dksbZ u;s oL= /kkj.k djus ds fy;s iqjkus dk
miek nh xbZ gSA ogk¡ ckyh dhpM+ esa Q¡ls gq;s
R;kx djrk gS ^^ftfe uwru iV ifgjb uj
ifjgjb iqjku**A7@109 mlh Hkk¡fr ru dk gkFkh dh rjg vkrZukn djds jketh dks vksj
ifjR;kx dj fn;kA ;gh Hkko Jhxhrkth ds bl ns[krs gq;s cksyk& ^^ckyh lkrZjo% 'kuS%A mokp
'yksd dk gS & jkea lEizs{; iadyXu bo f}i%**AA 4@18@49
^ôklkafl th.kkZfu ;Fkk fogk; uokfu x`g~.kkfr ogk¡] Hkkxor dFkk esa xtsUnzjkt tho ds izrhd
ujks·ijkf.kA00000 gS rks ;gk¡ okujsUnz ckyh Hkh tho ds izrhd gSaA
rFkk 'kjhjkf.k fogk; th.kkZU;U;kfu la;kfr
ogk¡ }kij esa d"V gj.kdrkZ ^gfj* vorfjr gq;s
uokfu nsgh**AA2@22A
^lqeu eky ftfe daaB rs& ;gk¡ ^lqeu* in iq”i gSa rks ;gk¡ jketh foVi vksV ls i/kkjs gSaA
ds lkFk fueZy eu ds vFkZ esa Hkh gS vkSj êky* xtsUnz us izHkq dks iq"i lefiZr fd;k Fkk] ckyh
in ls ml fnO; Jh;qDr ekyk dk ladr s Hkh us lqeu ekyk ds :i esa Lo;a dks gh izHkq ds
fd;k gS tks ckyh dks bUnz ls feyh Fkh vkSj Jhpj.kksa esa Mky fn;kA
ftls mUgksaus ejus ds iwoZ fueZy eu ls lqd.B izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa ds fy;s izk;% lHkh
¼lqxhz oth½ dks /kkj.k djok nh& txg dey ;k mlds i;kZ;okph in yxs feysaxs
^^beka p ekykek/kRLo fnO;ka lqxzho dkUpuhe~A0 ^pju ^dey* jt pkgfr*] în ^jktho* cjfu
mnkjk Jh% fLFkrk áL;ka lEiztákUe`rs ufga tkgha*] ^v#u pju îadt* u[k tksrh*
ef;**AA4@22@16ok0jk0 vkfn] vkfn] fdUrq oks dey 'kCn ;gk¡ ugha
yxk gSA bldk dkj.k Hkh ogh gS tks ^ckfy
lhl ijlsm fut ikuh* esa c;ku fd;k x;kA ml fLFkfr esa ;gk¡ ^fut* in ds LFkku ij
;gk¡ nsokfnx.kksa ds }kjk lqeu o`f"V djus dk cSd.q B ;k êe* in yxk gksrk] tSls fd tVk;w
o.kZu Hkh ugha gS tSlk fd izk;% izHkq ds gkFkksa ls ds çlax esa gS] ^^ruq rft rkr tkgq ee /kkek]
fuok.kZ ikus ij gksrk gS ^^fciqy lqeu lqj nsm¡ dkg rqEg ¼tVk;wth½ iwju
cj"kfga xkofga izHkq xquxkFk**A3A pw¡fd ckyh dkek**3@30@10A pw¡fd ckyh 'kfpifr bUæ ds
lqjifr bUnz ds va'k gS buds o/k dk nq%[k nsoksa va'k gSa] çHkq dk;Z ds fy;s gh vorfjr gq;s gSa]
dks Hkh gS vkSj izHkq dks Hkh gSA vr% lqeu o`f"V vkSj vkxs Hkh muls dk;Z ysuk gS ¼okuj Hkkyqvksa
ugha dh xbZA dks ftykuk gS½ vr% çHkq us mUgsa cjcl
jke ckfy fut /kke iBkok A uxj yksx LoxZyksd Hkstk gS blfy;s ;gk¡ îBkok* in
lc C;kdqy /kkok AA ç;qDr fd;k gS ¼^^cjcl jke lqea=q
iBk,**2@99@2½A
losZ'oj jketh us ckyh dks mlds /kke
ûxj yksx lc C;kdqy /kkok& bl txg
LoxZyksd dks Hkst fn;kA ckyh o/k dk lekpkj v/;kRe jkek;.k dk o.kZu FkksM+k lk fHkUu gSA
QSyrs gh uxj ds lHkh yksx ¼uj&ukfj] cky ogk¡ dgk x;k gS fd ckyh tSlk ijkØeh ekjk
o`)kfn½ O;kdqy gksdj nkSM+s vk;sA x;k] bls n[ksa] Hk; ls C;kdqy gksdj leLr
^jke ckyh fut /kke iBkok& jketh ds le{k okujx.k fdf"dU/kkuxjh esa nkSM+s pys x;sA vkSj
nsg R;kxus ij vFkok muds ok.kksa ls fuokZ.k mUgksaus tkdj rkjk dks lko/kku fd;k ,oa uxj
gksus ij thoksa dks eks{k dh çkfIr gksrh gS ^^jke ds pkjksa }kjksa dks cUn djus dk ijke'kZ fn;kA
jke dfg ruq rtfga ikofga in fuckZu**3@20A ûxj yksx* dgus esa mijksDr Hkko Hkh vk x;k
gfj esa yhu gksuk Hkh dgk x;k gS tSls fd vkSj okujh lH;rk dSlh lEeqUur gS ;g Hkh
'kcjhth gqÃ ^^gfj in yhu Hkb tg¡ ufga ûxj* in ls n'kkZ fn;kA
fQjs**3@36A fdUrq ;fn lxq.kksikld eks{k ysuk ukuk fcf/k fcyki dj rkjk A NwVs dsl u
ugha pkgas rks izHkq mls vius fuR;/kke cSd.q B nsg l¡Hkkjk AA
Hkst nsrs gSaA tSlk fd 'kjHkaxth ds izlax esa ckyh dh iRuh rkjk ogk¡ vkdj vusd çdkj
gqvk ls foyki djus yxhA mlds ds'k fNrjk x;s
^^vl dfg tksx vfxfu ruq tkjk] jke dìk¡ vkSj mls vius nsg dh lqf/k&lEgky Hkh u jghA
^cSdq.B* fl/kkjk** 'kjHkaxth dh ,slh gh bPNk ûkuk fcf/k fcyki dj rkjk& ckYehfd jkek;.k
Fkh] ;g ogk¡ dgk Hkh x;k gS ^^rkrs eqfu gfj ds vuqlkj rkjk ckyh ds çk.k i[ks# mM+us ds
yhu u Hk;Å] izFkefga Hksn Hkxfr cj igys gh igq¡p x;h Fkh] mldk foyki ogk¡ rhu
y;Å**3@8@2A vkSj ;fn fdlh lqd`r 'kkyh lxksZa esa of.kZr gS] xksLokehth us ml lcdks ;gk¡
tho dh dksbZ bPNk 'ks"k jg tk; rks izHkq mls ûkuk fcf/k* ds }kjk lwfpr fd;k gSA
LoxZ yksd Hkst nsrs gaS] tSls fd n'kjFkth dks ^NwVs dsl u nsg laHkkjk& bl ,d v)kZyh esa gh
Hkstk D;ksafd jke fojg ds dkj.k mudh xksLokehth us rkjk ds 'kksd dh ijkdk"Bk dk Hkh
jken'kZu dh ykylk ‘ks”k jg x;h Fkh& iwjk fp=.k fd;k gS A ije fonq"kh gksus ds ckn
^^jke jke dfg jke dfg jke jke dfg Hkh og vKkfu;ksa dh Hkk¡fr foyki dj jgh gS]
jkeA blls trk;k fd 'kksd ds dkj.k mlesa Kku ugha
ruq ifjgfj j?kqcj fcjg¡ jkm x;m jgk] ^NwVs dsl* ;kus L=h;ksfpr yTtk Hkh ugha
^lqj/kke**AA2@155 jgh blhfy;s ds'k fNrjk x;s vkSj û nsg
ckyhth us tks ojnku ek¡xk gS] ^^tsfg laHkkjk* Li”V gS fd mldk /khjt Hkh NwVk gqvk
tksfu tUekSa deZ cl rg¡ jke in vuqjkxm¡** gS vr% mls nsg dh lqf/k Hkh ugha jgh A
mlds vuqlkj mUgsa cSdq.B gh Hkstuk pkfg;s Fkk]
rkjk fcdy nsf[k j?kqjk;k A nhUg X;ku gfj fNfr ty ikod xxu lehjk A iap jfpr
yhUgh ek;k AA vfr v/ke ljhjk AA
rkjk dks 'kksd fog~oy ns[k dj jketh us rkjk ls dgk& i`Foh] ty] vfXu]
iztkikyd Jhjke j?kqjkbZ us mls dìkn`f"V }kjk vkdk'k vkSj ok;q bu iap egkHkwrksa ds }kjk bl
vfr v/ke 'kjhj dh jpuk gqbZ gSA
Kku iznku fd;k vkSj gfj us eksg :ih ek;k dk
^fNfr ty ikod xxu lehjk & ekrk ds xHkZ
Hkh gj.k dj fy;k A esa 'kjhj dh jpuk blh Øe ls gksrh gSA ;Fkk
^rkjk fcdy nsf[k j?kqjk;k& ^nsf[k* in 'ys"k gS ekrk dk jt i`Foh rÙo gS] firk dk oh;Z ty
vFkkZr rkjk dks O;kdqy ¼ej.kkrqj½ ns[kdj rÙo gS budk la;ksx vfXurÙo gS ftlls fi.M
jketh us Kku fn;k vkSj Kku Hkh dìkn`f"V cuk] ml fi.M esa iksy gh vkdk'k rÙo gS vkSj
¼nsf[k½ }kjk fn;kA ^j?kqjk;k* dk rkRi;Z gS izk.kksa dk lapkj gksuk gh ok;q rÙo gSA ;gk¡ Øe
iztkoRly jktkjketh] nwljs dh ihM+k ns[kdj blfy;s Hkh dgk x;k fd vc ckyh dk 'kjhj
Lo;a O;kdqy gks tkus okys ^^d#uke; j?kqukFk ikfFkZo ;k feV~Vh jg x;k gS] blhfy;s i`Foh
xkslkbZa] csfx ikbvfga ihj ijkbZ**A2@84@2A rÙo ¼fNfr½ igys dgk x;kA lqUnjdk.M esa
^nhUg X;ku gfj yhUgh ek;k& fo'kq)Kku ;kus flU/kqth us bls foykse Øe ls dgk gS ^^xxu
vkokxeu ds Hkolkxj ls ikj yxkus okyk Kku] lehj vuy ty /kjuh**A5@58@2 D;ksafd ogk¡
dsoy xq# dìk ls gh izkIr gksrk gS] ^xq# fcuq iapegkHkwrksa dh mRifÙk ftl dze ls gqbZ gS] mls
Hkofuf/k rjb u dksbZ* ] ^^fcuq xqj gksbZ fd /;ku esa j[kdj dgk x;k gS& ^^rLeknsrLekr~]
^X;ku* X;ku fd gksbZ fcjkx fcuq**7@89A rkjk vkdk'k% laHkwr%A vkdk'kkn~ ok;q% ok;ksjfXujXus
ds var%dj.k esa Lo;a jketh us gh xq#or~ Kku jkiks·n~H;% i`Foh letk;r rSfÙkjh;**A vFkkZr~
dk izdk'k fd;k gSA izHkq loZ leFkZ gSa muds vkdk'k ls ok;q] ok;q ls vfXu] vfXu ls ty
fugkjus ek= ¼nsf[k½ ls gh Kku dh izkfIr gks vkSj ty ls i`Foh mn~Hkwr gksrs gSaA
tkrh gSA n'kjFkth dks Hkh n`f"V }kjk gh n`<+ î¡p jfpr vfr v/ke ljhjk& v/ke 'kjhj ls
Kku iznku fd;k x;k ^^fprb firfg nhUgsm n`<+ rkRi;Z gS fodkjh] lnk {k; gksrs jgus okyk
^X;kuk**9@111@5A 'kjhj] ftldk u"V gksuk lqfuf'pr gS A
^gfj yhUgh ek;k*& ;gk¡ ^gfj* in Hkh 'ys"k gSA izxV lks ruq ro vkxsa lksok A tho fuR;
gj.k ds vFkZ esa rks gS gh] fo".kq ds vFkZ esa Hkh
gSA ;g tku ysa fd ekul esa tgk¡ Hkh
dsfg yfx rqEg jksok AA
ek;k&fuokj.k dh ppkZ gS ogk¡ mlds lax lax iap egkHkwrksa ds }kjk izdV gqvk og
gh ^gfj* in Hkh vo'; vk;k gS] ukjnth dh fodkjh ru :ih pksyk rks izR;{k rqEgkjs lkeus
ek;k gfj ^^tc gfj ek;k nwfj fuokjh] ufga rg¡ lks;k ¼fpj funzk esa½ iM+k gSA vkSj bl ru esa
jek u jktdqekjh**A1@137@1] vkSj ekrk tks pSrU; tho ¼vkRek½ Fkk og rks
dkS'kY;kth dks tc fo'o:i fn[kyk;k gS rc Hkh
fuR;&'kq)&cq)&lukru gS] vfcuk’kh gS] rc
^gfj* in yxk gS] ^^gfj tuuh
cgqfcf/k leq>kbZ] ;g tfu drgq¡ dgfl lquq rqe fdlds fy;s jks jgh gks\
ekbZ**1@201@8A vk'k; gS fd tho gfj dh îzxV lks ruq ro vkxsa lksok& ;gk¡ îzxV* in
dìk ls gh ek;k eqDr gks ldrk gS vkSj ek;k xhrk v/;k;2 ds bl 'yksd dh vksj
/;kukdf"kZr djus ds fy;s gh j[kk x;k gS&
dk fuokj.k fd;s fcuk ckr ¼rÙor%½ le> esa
ugha vkrh] Kku iprk ughaA pw¡fd izHkq dks ^^vO;Drknhfu Hkwrkfu O;Dre/;kfu HkkjrA
vO;Drfu/kukU;so r= dk
Kkuksins'k Hkh djuk gS vr% gfj us igys ek;k
dk gj.k fd;k A ifjnsouk**AA2@28
vFkkZr~ gs vtqZu ! lEiw.kZ izk.kh tUe ls igys gksdj mldh jk; ij pysa& ^^lq"ks.k
vizdV Fks vkSj ejus ds ckn Hkh vizdV gks nqfgrk ps;eFkZ lw{e fofu'p;sA
tkus okys gSa] dsoy chp esa gh izdV gSa] fQj ;ns"kk lkf/ofr czw;kr~ dk;Za
,slh fLFkfr esa D;k 'kksd djuk \ rUeqDrl'ka;e~**AA4@22@13&14
^tho fuR; dsfg yfx rqEg jksok& xhrkth ds ^pju rc ykxh*& ^rc* dk rkRi;Z gS fd
mijksä 'yksd dk gh vxyk Hkko bl ^tho ikjekfFkZd Kku mit tkus ds ckn gh rkjk us
fuR;* v)kZyh esa dgk x;k gSA ogk¡ Hkxoku Jhjketh ds pj.kksa esa f'k";kor~ iz.kke fd;k gSA
Jhd`".k us dgk gS] gs vtqZu! nsg esa fLFkr ;g tks Hkh fg;s esa Kku mitk;s os lc xq#tu
vkRek lcds 'kjhjksa esa lnk gh vo/; ekus x;s gSaA blhfy;s Hkxoku nRrk=s;th ds
¼vfouk'kh½ gSA bl dkj.k lEiw.kZ izkf.k;ksa ds pkSchl xq# dgs x;s gSaA mUgksaus tM+&psru
fy;s rw 'kksd djus ;ksX; ugha gS& ^^nsgh inkFkksZa dks Hkh xq# ekuk gSA rkjk us rks ;gk¡ iw.kZ
fuR;eo/;ks·;a nsgs loZL; HkkjrA czã ijekRek Lo:i lk{kkr~ egkeuk Jhjketh ls
rLekRlokZf.k Hkwrkfu] u Roa gh rÙo Kku dk mins'k ik;k gS& ^^rkjka jkeks
'kksfprqegZfl**AA2@30 egkeuk%A lkURo;kekl n;;k
nksuksa txg Jo.kdrkZ gh cnys gSa] vU;Fkk nksuksa rRoKkuksins'kr%**4@3@12v0jk0
ds Hkko o mins'kdrkZ ,d gh gSA ;gh ckr vkxs ^ykxh* & in esa Hkh f'k";Ùo Hkko dk ladrs gS
ekul esa x#M+th ls dkdHkq'kqf.Mth us Hkh dgh D;ksafd fL=;k¡ dsoy vius ekrk] firk] ifr]
gS& xq#tuksa] lkl&llqj dks gh iz.kke djus dh
^^bZ'oj val tho vfcuklh] psru vey lgt vf/kdkfj.kh gSa ^rc tkudh lklq ix
lq[k jklh**7@116@2 ykxh*2@68@3A ^lh; vkb eqfucj ix
^tho fuR;* }kjk xksLokehth us ;gk¡ Hkkxorkfn ykxh*2@245@1 muds pj.kksa dk Li’kZ Hkh lh/ks
iqjk.kksa esa of.kZr iquZtUe fl)kUr dk izfriknu u djds iYyw ds }kjk gh djrh gSa blfy;s
fd;k gSA Jqfr;ksa esa Hkh 'kjhj R;kxus ds ckn ^ykxh* dgk x;kA xksLokehth us ekul esa L=h
ijyksdksa esa tkus ,oa iqu% ykSVdj vius e;kZnk dk iw.kZ :is.k /;ku j[kk x;k gSA
dekZuqlkj 'kjhj izkIr djus dks ^fuR;* dgk gS blfy;s îjkbZ* L=h ds lUnHkZ esa gesa dgha Hkh
^mRØkfUrxR;kxrhuke~*2@3@19 czãlw= A îjsm xfg pjuk* vFkok ^cgqfcf/k fcyfi pju
mitk X;ku pju rc ykxh A yhUgsfl yiVkuh* 2@56@6 tSls o.kZu ugha feysxas A
ije Hkxfr cj ekxhA ^yhUgsfl ije Hkxfr cj ekxh& ^yhUgsfl* dk
rkRi;Z gS dbZ oLrqvksa esa ls p;u djds fy;kA
bl Kkuksins'k ls tc rkjk ds ân; esa
rkjk pkgrh rks izHkq ls laklkfjd inkFkZ ;k
Kku mit x;k rc mlus izHkq ds Jhpj.kksa esa eks{kkfn ys ldrh Fkh fdUrq mlus ^Hkxfr* dk
f'k";kor~ iz.kke fd;k vkSj izHkq ls loksZRd`"V ojnku gh fy;k A izHkq us dkdHkq'kqf.Mth lss
HkfDr dk Js"B ojnku ek¡x fy;k A dgk gS fd lc dqN rks Lo;eso dekZuqlkj fey
^mitk X;ku pju rc ykxh& ^mitk X;ku* dk tkrk gS fdUrq HkfDr rks eqfutuksa ds fy;s Hkh
vfHkizk; gS fd fonq"kh rkjk varpsZru esa Kku:ih nqyZHk gS] og rks cgqr iz;Ru djus ds ckn Hkh
cht igys ls gh ekSstwn Fkk] tksfd vc izHkq ekaxus ij gh feyrh gS&
iszj.kk ls mit x;kA ckYehfd jkek;.k esa ckyh ^^lc lq[k [kkfu Hkxfr rSa ekxh] ufg tx dksm
us lq"ks.k iq=h rkjk dks loZx.q k lEiUu ,oa lw{e rksfg le cM+ HkkxhA
fo"k;ksa ds fu.kZ; ysus esa fuiq.k crkrs gq;s] tks eqfu dksfV tru ugh yggh] ts ti tksx
lqxhz oth dks lEefr nh gS fd os lansg jfgr vuy ru ngghAA ekxsgq Hkxfr
eksfg vfr HkkbZ**7@84@3&4A
Åij lk/kkj.k HkfDr ds fy;s gh dgk o/k dh Hkh izkFkZuk dh gS ftlls ckyh ekjk x;k
x;k gS fd og djksM+ksa izdkj ls iz;Ru djus ^^;suSo ck.ksu gr% fiz;ks es] rsuSo ck.ksu fg eka
okys] ti&ri&;ksxkfXu esa vius 'kjhj dks tykus tghfg**A4@24@33 ckyh ds fy;s tks rkjk
okys] eqfu;ksa ds fy;s Hkh nqyZHk gSA vkxs bruh O;kdqy gks jgh Fkh ogh vc iw.kZ:is.k
Lo;aizHkkth ds izlax esa Hkh vk;sxk fd tks Lo;a lUrq"V gks xbZA mlus nsgkfHkeku tfur ‘kksd dks
rst iqat Fkha mUgsa Hkh] gtkjksa o"kksZa dh riL;k ds R;kx dj izHkq dks O;ofLFkr <ax ls iz.kke Hkh
ckn l’krZ HkfDr feyh] izHkq us mUgsa igys fd;k ^^nsgkfHkekuta ‘kksdRa ;DRok uRok j”;wÙkee~**
cnjhcu tkdj izrh{kk djus ¼vkSj riL;k djus½ 4@3@39v-jk-A muds bl cnys O;ogkj dks
dk vkns'k fn;k]^^cnjhcu dgq¡ lks xbZ izHkq ns[kdj ekrk ikoZrhth vk'p;Z pfdr jg xbZaA
vX;k /kfj lhl**A4@25 fdUrq ;gk¡ rkjk dks rks mlh ds fujkdj.k esa Hkxoku lnkf'ko dk dguk
dìkfu/kku us îje* ;kus loksZRd`"V vuik;uh gS fd ge lc jketh dh dBiqryh gSa&
HkfDr gh] og Hkh fcuk fdlh izdkj dh 'krZ ds lcfg upkor jkeq xkslkbZa& vHkh lqxhz oth ds
gh] vR;Ur lqxerk ls iznku dj nh] ,slk D;ksa izalx dks ek/;e cukdj dkdHkq'kqf.Mth us Hkh
\ D;ksafd ckyh dks tks dBksj n.M feyk gS x#M+th dks lkURouk nsrs gq;s ;gh dqN dgk Fkk
mlls fujijk/kh rkjk Hkh izHkkfor gqbZ gSA ;ksa Hkh ^ûV ejdV bo lcfg upkor] jkeq [kxsl csn
izHkq dh fpÙko`fÙk ds fy;s dgk x;k gS fd os vl xkor**A pw¡fd lrh eksg izlax ds dkj.k
fdl ij n;k dj nsa o fdls dc vkSj D;ksa ekrk ikoZrhth ds eu esa ;r~fdafpr~ lk [ksn o
ltk ns nsa] dksbZ ugha tku ik;k& la'k; Hkko cuk gqvk Fkk] mUgksaus Lo;a ekuk gS
^^dqfylgq pkfg dBksj vfr dksey dqlqegq ^^vtgw¡ dNq lalm eu eksjs**1@108@5 mlh
pkfgA la'k; dk ifjgkj ;gk¡ Hkxoku lnkf'ko us rkjk
fpÙk [kxsl jke dj leqf> ijb dgq ds bl mnkgj.k ls fd;k gSA Hkxoku egs’oj dk
dkfg**AA7@19 rkRi;Z gS fd tSls dkB dh dBiqryh dh viuh
mek nk# tksf"kr dh ukbZa A lcfg upkor dksbZ bPNk ugha gksrh] mls rks lw=/kkj ds
jkeq xkslkbZa AA vuqlkj gh ukpuk iM+rk gS oSls gh leLr
pjkpj dks ^jkeq xkslkbZa* ds bPNkuqdy w dk;Z
Hkxoku 'kadj us dgk gs mek! ¼blesa
lEiknu djuk iM+rk gS A Lo;a Hkxoku f'ko dk
vk'p;Z dh dksbZ ckr ugha gS½ pjkpj ds vuqHko Hkh ;gh gSA vFkd iz;klksa ds ckn Hkh
lw=/kkj vkuUndan Jhjketh lHkh dks ¼blh tc os lrhth dks vius bPNkuqdy w ugha pyk
izdkj½ dBiqryh dh rjg upkrs jgrs gSaA ik;s rc mUgsa vUrr% dguk iM+k ^^gksbfg lksbZ
^mek nk# tksf"kr dh ukbZa& ^nk#*¾dkB] tks jke jfp jk[kk] dks dfj rdZ c<+koS
tksf"kr¾ukfj] dBiqryhA ekul esa rks rkjk dh lk[kk**1@51@7A Jhxhrkth esa Hkxoku Jhd`".k
O;kdqyrk dk o.kZu bl ,d iafDr ^^NwVs dsl u us Hkh dgk gS fd ^^bZ’oj leLr izkf.k;ksa ds
nsg laHkkjk** esa gh gqvk gS] fdUrq ckYehfd ân; esa jgdj] viuh ek;k ls muds ‘kjhj :ih
jkek;.k esa dbZ lxksZa esa gSA ogk¡ ,d lxZ esa] ;U= ij vk:<+ gksdj] mUgsa ¼viuh bPNkuqdy w ½
vfuU| lqUnjh rkjk us i`Foh ij iM+s ckyh ds Hkze.k djkrk jgrk gS&
lehi cSBdj vkej.k vu'ku djus dk fu'p; ^^bZ'oj% loZ Hkwrkuka ân~ns'ks·tqZu
fd;k gS ^Ô;oL;r izk;efuU|o.kkZ miksios"Vqa Hkqfo fr"BfrA
;= okyh**A 4@20@26 rks nwljs lxZ esa ohj Hkzke;u~ loZ Hkwrkfu eU=k:<+kfu
ifr dk vkfyaxu djrs gq;s lrh gksuk Js;Ldj ek;;k**AA18@61
ekuk gS ^ôhjL; xk=la'ys"k.ka oje~**A4@21@13 ^jkeq xkslkbZa* & mijksDr Jhxhrkth okyk gh
rkss ik¡posa lxZ esa jketh ls mlh ck.k ls vius Hkko gS fd jketh leLr bfUnz;ksa ds Lokeh gSa] os
loZO;kid gSa rFkk leLr pjkpj ds Hkh Lokeh flf"kpqokZujk tye~** 4@25@52 mldk lekos'k
gSa& ^^lksb jkeq C;kid czã Hkqou fudk; ifr Hkh gSA
ek;k /kuh**1@51@NanA osnksDr lHkh ^”kksM’k* laLdkj tksfd tUe
rc lqxzhofg vk;lq nhUgk A e`rd deZ ls ysdj e`R;qi;ZUr rd fd;s tkrs gSa] ekul esa
fcf/kor lc dhUgk AA mu lHkh dk blh izdkj lw{e :i ls o.kZu
gqvk gS ;Fkk ^ûanheq[k ljk/k dfj tkr dje
tc izHkq ds Jheq[k ls fu%l`r mins'k dks
lc dhUg**1@193 ;k ^^nhUg tusÅ xq# firq
lqudj lcdk vKku nwj gks x;k] lc lUrq"V ekrk**1@203@3] ^^dfj gkseq fcf/kor xk¡fB
gks x;sA rc Hkxoku jk?kosUnz us lqxhz oth dks tksjh gksu ykxha Hkk¡ojha**1@324 vkSj bUgha
ckyh dk vfUre laLdkj djkus dh vkKk nh A laLdkjksa dk o.kZu euqLe`fr] okYehfd jkek;.k
lkjs e`rd deZ lHkh ifjtuksa us fcf/k fo/kku ls vkSj Hkkxorkfn xzUFkksa esa foLrkj ls fd;k x;k
fd;sA gSA
^rc lqxhz ofg vk;lq nhUgk& ^rc lqxhz ofg* dgus jke dgk vuqtfg leq>kbZ A jkt nsgq
dk vfHkizk; gS fd rkjk ds leku tc lqxhz oth lqxzhofg tkbZ AA
vkSj vaxnth Hkh ckyh ds lax gh vfXu nkg ds igys rks JhjkeHknzus HkkbZ y{e.kth dks
}kjk vius izk.k foltZu djus ds fy;s rRij gks
le>kdj funsZ'k fn;s rc lc dks lqukdj
x;s ^^lks·ga izos{;kE;fr nhIrefXua Hkzk=k p iq=s.k
p l[;fePNu~**4@24@22ok-jk-A rc bu ?kks"k.kk ds :i esa dgk fd rqe tkdj lqxhz oth
lcdks Hkh mins'k nsuk iM+k vkSj tc leLr dks jkt in ns nks A
vKku tkrk jgkA lc lUrq"V vkSj LoLFkfpÙk ^jke dgk vuqtfg le>kbZ& Jhjketh] j?kqoa'k
gq;s ^^tgkoKkuef[kya iqjks/kk of'k"Bth }kjk izekf.kr gS fd buds
LoLFkfpRrks·HkoÙknk**4@3@39 v-jk-A rc leku ^ûhfr izhfr ijekjFk LokjFkq**] dks tkuus
lqxhz oth dks vaxnth ds }kjk vkS/oZ nSfgd dk;Z okyk dksbZ Hkh ugha gS ^^dksm u jke le tku
djkus dh vkKk iznku dhA ^^HzkkrqT;Zs"BL; iq=s.k tFkkjFkq**2@253@5A ;fn jktuhfr ds n`f"V ls
;|qDra lkEijkf;de~**v-jk-A ns[kk tk;s rks lqxhz oth dks ckyh ds i{k/kjksa ds
ê`rd deZ fcf/kor lc dhUgk& ckyh dk ckgqY; okyh fdf"dU/kkuxjh esa flagklu:<+
vgksHkkX;! tks Hkh fof/k djkuk og Hkh fcuk tku eky dh {kfr ds
fo/kku osn vkSj euqLe`fr esa crk;s x;s gSa muds djkuk] vR;aUr nq"dj dk;Z FkkA frl ij izHkq
vuqlkj gh mldk e`rd deZ] ifjokjh tuksa ds Hkh ouokl dh
leku gh ‘kksd ekudj] Lo;a dkdqRLFkoa'kh vof/k esa fdlh Hkh uxj esa izos'k ugha djuk
Jhjketh us djok;s ^^leku'kksd% dkdqRLFk% izsr pkgrs&
dk;kZ.;dkj;r~**4@25@53ok-jk-A 'kkL=ksa dk ^firk cpu eSa uxj u vkom¡] vkiq lfjl
fo/kku gS fd firk dh fØ;k T;s"B iq= djs] dfi ^vuqt* iBkom¡* 6@105@4A ,sls esa
vr% ;gk¡ ^fcf/kor* in }kjk lwfpr fd;k fd vjktdrk dh laHkkouk ls badkj ugha fd;k tk
ckyh ds e`rd deZ vaxn ds }kjk djk;s x;s A ldrkA blfy;s dk;Z dks b{okdq jkT; ds ncncs
^fcf/kor lc* esa ckYehfd jkek;.k esa foLrkj ls esa lEiUu djkus ds fy;s gh loZ leFkZ y{e.kth
of.kZr lHkh fof/k dks lax Hkstk x;kA ;ksa Hkh jkt&fryd tSls
fo/kkuksa dh ppkZ vk xbZA lkFk gh] ^lc dhUgk*
dk;ksZa esa vkpk;Z dh vko';drk jgrh gS vkSj
esa] rqaxHknzk unh ds fdukjs tkdj lqxhz o rkjk
v/;kRe n`f"V ls y{e.kth dks ^thokpk;Z* ekuk
lfgr lHkh ifjtuksa }kjk tks ckyh dks
x;k gSA xksLokehth us Hkh bUgsa ,sls dbZ LFkyksa esa
tykUtfy nh xbZ ^^lqxzho rkjk lfgrk%
^jkekuqt* lacks/ku fn;k gS ftlls j?kqifr pju ukb dfj ekFkk A pys ldy
jkekuqtkpk;Zth dh izrhfr gksrh gS] tSls fd izsfjr j?kqukFkk AA
HkVds tho lqxhz oth dks bZ'k jketh ls feykrs
pØorhZ jkT; ds vf/kifr Jhjketh ds
le; ^^jkekuqt vkxsa dfj vk, tg¡ j?kqukFk**]
pj.kksa esa lHkh us ekFkk uok;k ¼fdUrq pyus dk
;k jko.k dks lUekxZ fn[kkus ds fy;s ^^jkekuqt
nhUgh ;g ikrh**] ;k lhrkth ds ek/;e ls ukjh miØe fdlh us Hkh ugha fd;k½] tc pjkpj ds
e;kZnk n'kkZus ds fy;s ^^jkekuqt y?kq js[k ukFk Jh j?kqukFkth us mUgsa izsfjr fd;k rc os
f[kpkbZ** tSls ladr s ds;s gSaA ,d etsnkj rF; lc ogk¡ ls pys A
;g Hkh gS fd jktfryd ds rhuksa gh izlaxksa esa ^j?kqifr pju ukb dfj ekFkk& e`rd deZ ds
y{e.kth dks ^vuqt* in ls gh lEcksf/kr fd;k rRdky ckn gh lqxhz oth dks jkt nsus dh ?kks"k.kk
x;k gSA nks mnkgj.k lqxhz oth dk ¼mijksDr½ ls mRiUu fLFkfr dqN ds fy;s g"kZdkjh Fkh rks
vkSj foHkh"k.kth dk ¼Åij 6@105@4½ vkius dbZ;ksa ds fy;s ve"kZdkjh Hkh A vfHkizk; gSs fd
ns[k gh çHkq dk vkns'k ikdj lHkh us ¼nwj ls gh½ ç.kke
fy;kA pw¡fd jketh ds jkT;kfHk"ksd esa of'k"Bth dj pyus dk miØe Hkh fd;k fdUrq bl
mijksfgr gSa fQj Hkh ogk¡ o.kZu gS ^^vk;m izHkq vleatl Hkjs okrkoj.k esa fdlh ds Hkh iSj
Jh ^vuqt* tqr] dgu pgr vc dksbZ**7@ fdf"dU/kk dh vksj ugha c<+s A
eaxykpj.kA ^pys ldy çsfjr j?kqukFkk& bl fLFkfr dks
ns[kdj eu&efUnj ds Bkdqj Jhj?kqukFkth us
^leq>kbZ*& le>k;k rHkh tkrk gS tc le>us
mudss var%fpÙk dks çsfjr fd;k ,ao ok.kh ls Hkh
okys dh /kkj.kk dqN vkSj gks ;k mls oLrqfLFkfr
tkus dk vkns'k fn;k rc dgha os lc pysA ;gk¡
dk iwjk Kku u gks ;k og vki ls fHkUu fopkj
,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd çHkq ls guqekuth o
j[krk gks vkSj mls le>kdj vius vuqdy w
lqxhz oth bu nksuksa us gh lkFk pyus dh çkFkZuk
cukuk gksA ;gk¡ izHkq us y{e.kth dks D;k
dh ^^beka fxfjxqgka jE;kefHkxUrqa
le>k;k ;g vHkh xqIr gh gSA vkxs izlaxo'k RoegZfl**4@26@7ok-jk-A ftls firk ds le{k
vuqeku yx tk;sxk& fd;s dkSy ¼pkSng cjl rd uxj ços'k ugha
^jkt nsgq lqxzhofg tkbZ& ek/kq;Z yhyk ds vuqlkj d:¡xk½ ds dkj.k] Lohdkj djuk çHkq ds fy;s
rks izHkq ouokl laHko ugha Fkk&
vof/k esa uxj izos'k ugha djrs blfy;s Lo;a u ^^prqnZ’k lHkk% lkSE; xzkea ok ;fn ok
tkdj y{e.k th dks Hkstk gSA jktuhfrd n`f”V iqjeA
ls nwljh laHkkouk gks ldrh gS fd ;fn dksbZ u izos{;kfe guqeu~
okg~; gLr{ksi gksos rks mlls fuiVus ds fy;s os firqfuZns’kikyd%**AA4@24@9
Lo;a ogk¡ mifLFkr jgsA fdUrq ,s'o;Z Hkko ls vr% dÃ izdkj ls le>k&cq>k dj mUgsa HkstkA
fopkj fd;k tk;s rks izHkq vf[ky czãk.Mksa ds nksgk& yfNeu rqjr cksyk, iqjtu fciz
uk;d gSa A muds }kjk lkalkfjd tho dk lekt A 0000
jktfryd fd;k tkuk ijEijkuqdy w ugha gSA
jktq nhUg lqxzho dg¡ vaxn dg¡
D;ksafd izHkq us g"kkZfrjsd esa foHkh"k.kth dk
vkSipkfjd fryd Hkj dj fn;k Fkk ^^vl dfg tqcjkt AA11AA
jke fryd rsfg lkjk** rks mudh jktxn~nh iwjs ogk¡ igq¡prs gh y{e.kth us uxjokfl;ksa
dYi Hkj ds fy;s lqjf{kr gks xbZ ^^djsgq dYi vkSj ckã.kksa ds lekt dks rqjUr cqyk;k vkSj
Hkfj jktq rqEg eksfg lqfejsgq eu ekfga**6@116A lekt dh mifLFkfr esa lqxhz oth dks jkT; in
vr% y{e.kth dks Hkstk x;kA fn;kA lqxhz oth us dgk vaxn dgk¡ gaS ;qojkt
dgk¡ gSa] vFkkZr lqxhz oth dh lEifÙk ls vaxnth 2@30@8A oLrqr% lqxhz oth dks [;kfr fnykus
dks ;qojkt in fn;k x;kA ds fy;s gh izHkq us muds ân; dks izsfjr fd;k
^yfNeu rqqjr cksyk,& rqjUr cqykus esa eq[; vkSj muds eq[k ls ;s ‘kCn xn~xn~ Hkko ls
dkj.k gS fd 'kqHk eqgwrZ esa] lw;kZLr ds iwoZ fudys gSa] dgk¡ gSa vaxn] dgk¡ gSa ;qojktA
xks/kwfy csyk esa gh jktfryd dk dk;Z lEiUu gks okYehfd jkek;.k esa o.kZu gS fd Jhlqxhz oth us
tk;sA D;ksafd ijEijkuqlkj jktflagklu ,d fnu vaxnth dks ân; ls yxkdj ;qojkt in ij
ds fy;s Hkh fjDr ugha j[kk tkrkA blh dkj.k vfHkf"kDr dj fn;k ^^vxna lEifj”oT;
ls blds iwoZ Hkh] lqxhz oth dks rqjUr tcfj;u ;kSojkT;s·H;osp;r~**A blls mnkj ân; okys
lÙkk:<+ fd;k x;k Fkk]^êaf=Ug iqj ns[kk fcuq okuj
lkbZa] nhUgsm eksfg jkt cfj vkbZ** pw¡fd }Un lk/kq&lk/kq dgdj Jhlqxhz oth dh iz'kfLr djus
;q) vkSj fQj e`rd deZ esa gh lkjk fnu yxs&
O;rhr gks x;k vr% 'kh?kzrk ^rqjr* dh xbZ A ^^vaxns pkfHkf"kDrs rq lkuqØks'kk Iyaoxek%A
;ksa Hkh] y{e.kth egkjkt lHkh dk;Z lk/kq lkf/ofr lqxzhoa egkRekuksg~;
QkSju ls is'rj djus okyksa esa jgs gSaA ;gk¡ rks iwt;u~**AA4@26@39
mUgsa Lo;a gh 'kh?kzrk iM+h gS D;ksafd ogk¡ jketh /;ku jgs fd okYehfd jkek;.k esa jktfryd ds
vdsys cSBs gSa vkSj mUgsa izHkq dh lsok esa volj ij y{e.kth dh mifLFkfr dk o.kZu gh
;Fkk'kh?kz igq¡puk gS vr% ^rqjr cksyk,*A ugha gSA Lo;a lqxhz oth us gh vaxnth dks
^cksyk,*& vfHkizk; gS fd fof'k"Vtuksa] czkã.kksa o ;qojkt in fn;k gSA
leLr lekt dks vkxzg djds] vkeaf=r djds vaxnth dks ;qojkt in y{e.kth us
cqyk;kA ekul ds vuqlkj fe=] ekfyd ¼jktk fn;k ;k lqxhz oth us vuk;kl ;kn djds
Hkh½ firk vkSj xq# ds ?kj fcuk cqyk;s tkus esa vfHkf"kDr fd;k] bu nksuksa ls gh ewy Hkko esa
dksbZ vfgr ;k vkifRr ugha gS] ^^tnfi fe= dksbZ fo'ks"k vUrj ugha iM+rk gS A flQZ
izHkq firq xqj xsgkA tkbv fcuq cksysgq¡ u lansgk** lqxhz oth dks izkIr gksus okyh iz'kfLr mUgsa ugha
1@61@5A vkSj fQj jkT; lekjksgksa esa ;k ,sls feyrh gS A xksLokehth us okYehfd jkek;.k ds
fo'ks"k ¼lwrd deZ½ voljksa ij rks gekjh fcuk bl Hkko dks ftl vn~Hkqr jhfr ls ^dg¡ vaxn
cqyk;s gh tkus dh ijEijk gS fQj Hkh lekt dks dg¡ tqcjkt* in ls latks;k gS mls le> dj
cqyok;k x;kA blls lwfpr fd;k fd ckyh ds vk'p;Z pfdr jg tkuk iM+rk gSA
i{k ds yksxksa dks Hkh cqyok;k x;k gS rkfd vkxs mek jke le fgr tx ekgha A xq# firq
nksuksa i{kksa esa lkeatL; cuk jgsA ekrq ca/kq izHkq ukghaAA
^jktq nhUg lqxhz o dg¡& izHkq us vkKk nh Fkh gs mek! Jhjketh ds leku fgrS"kh rks
^jkt nsgq lqxzhofg* vkSj vkKkuqlkj y{e.kth us bl lEiw.kZ lalkj esa ¼dksbZ ugha gS½ xq#] firk]
^jktq nhUg lqxhz o* blls ckr iwjh gks xbZ] ijUrq
ekrk] HkkbZ vkSj Lokeh ¼vkjk/;nso½ Hkh ugha gS
;gk¡ yxk gqvk ^dg¡* in dqN fo'ks"k vFkZ j[krk
gSA ^dg¡* dk vFkZ gS¾dgk¡ gS& ;Fkk ûko uko A
dg¡ yksx cqyk,*6@120@6] ^jkekuqt dg¡ jkeq mek jke le fgr tx ekgha & ;s Kku?kkV ds
dg¡ vl dfg Nk¡Msfl izku*9@76] ^^dg¡ vkpk;Z Hkxoku 'kadj ds opu gSA foxr nksgs esa
yfNeu lqxhz o dihlk] dg¡ j?kqchj ^dg¡* dh tks O;k[;k dh xbZ Fkh] mlh Hkko dks
dkslyk/khlk**6@92@8 bR;kfn2A xksLokehth dks ;gkWa bl pkSikbZ esa vkSj lqLi"V fd;k gSA
;fn ^dks* ¼lqxhz o dks jkt vaxn dks ;qojkt½ Hkxoku lnkf'ko ftUgsa osnksa esa Hkh f=+Hkqou xq#
Hkko nsuk gksrk rks os ^dgq¡* 'kCn dk iz;ksx dj dgk x;k gS ^^rqe f=Hkqou xq# csn c[kkuk]
ldrs Fks ^^nsm¡ Hkjr dgq¡ jktq ctkbZ** vku tho ik¡oj dk tkuk**1@110@5A ;gk¡
mUgksaus loZizFke lekykspuk ik= Lo;a dks ¼xq# tk;rsA czãp;sZ.k _f"kH;ksa ;Ksu nsosH;% izt;k
dks½ cuk;k gS A vfHkizk; gS fd xq#] firk] fir`H;%**A rSfÙkjh; lafgrk3@10@5 vFkkZr
ekrk] l[kk] Lokeh bR;kfn ;s lc lgt fgrS"kh czãp;Z ds }kjk _f"k&_.k ls] ;K ds }kjk
gSa] txfrd ukrksa ds vuqlkj vkSj vius lhfer nso&_.k ls vkSj larfr ds }kjk fir` _.k ls
lk/kuksa ds vuq:i gh fgrw gSaA fdUrq Jhjketh eqfDr gksrh gSA osnksa esa lkjh l`f"V esa lkeatL;
vlhe lkeF;Z okys gSa ^^txr izdkL; izdkld cuk;s j[kus ,oa lHkh dh ikjLifjd mUufr gsrq]
jkew**A buds leku fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls tho dk ;Kksa dk ¼;kus fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls deZ djus dks½
dY;k.k pkgus okyk îje fgrS"kh* dksbZ ugha gSA fo/kku crk;k x;k gSA Jhxhrkth esa Hkxoku
gs mek! ;gk¡ Hkh mRizsjd j?kqoa'k foHkw"k.k Jhd`".k us Hkh ;gh ckr dgh gS& ^^lg;Kk iztk%
Jhjketh us vaxnth dks ;qojkt in ij cSBk;k l`"V~ok iqjksokp iztkifr%A
rks mldk Js; lqxhz oth dks Hkh fnyok fn;k vkSj vusu izlfo";/oes"k oks·fLRo"V
lqxhz oth dks lÙkk:<+ fd;k rks Lo;a ds fgLls esa dke/kqd~AA
flQZ vi;'k vkSj xkfy;k¡ gh j[kh& nsokUHkko;rkusu rs nsok Hkko;Urq o% A
gR;ks ckfy lfg xkjh ,sls jke nhu ijLija Hkko;Ur% Js;% ijeokIL;Fk**
fgrdkjhA AA3@10&11
vfr dksey d#ukfu/kku fcuq dkju ij ^LokjFk ykfx djfga lc izhrh& ^ykfx* dk
midkjhAA1AA vfHkizk; gS tUe ¼tk;eku½ ls gh yxk gqvk]
dfi lqxzho ca/kq&Hk;&C;kdqy] vk;ks lju tqM+k gqvk gSA osnksa esa bls gh Li"V ^tk;eku*
iqdkjhA ek= ds fy;s ^_.k=;* dh laKk nh gS vkSj
lfg u lds nk#u nq[k tuds] gR;ks ckfy xhrkth esa mls gh ^;KdeZ* vFkkZr fu%LokFkZ Hkko
lfgxkjhAA6fou;&166 ls izkf.kek= ds fgr esa fd;k tkus okyk
lqj uj eqfu lc dS ;g jhrh A LokjFk ikjEifjd lg;ksx dgk gSA vkSj xksLokehth ds
ykfx djfga lc izhrh AA vuqlkj ;gh ^_.k=;* dh dHkh u lekIr gksus
okyh Ükà[kyk gh lqj&uj eqfu;ksa dh izhfr esa
vkSj rks vkSj] nso] ekuo vkSj eqfu;ksa
fufgr LokFkZ gSA
bu lc dh Hkh ;gh jhfr gSA LokFkZ yxk gqvk
ckfy =kl C;kdqy fnu jkrh A ru cgq czu
gS blfy;s gh lc izhfr djrs gSaA ¼rkRi;Z gS fd
fpark¡ tj Nkrh AA
,d ek= Jhjketh gh fu%LokFkZ fgrS"kh gSa½
^lqj uj eqfu lcdS ;g jhrh& ;g pkSikbZ izk;%
lksb lqxzho dhUg dfijkÅ A vfr dìky
vkilh laoknksa eas lquuss esa vk tkrh gSA yksx j?kqchj lqHkkÅ AA
Lo;a dks fu"dke n'kkZus ds fy;s gh izk;% bldk tks ckyh ds fjiqle O;ogkj ls fnu jkr
nq#i;ksx dj fy;k djrs gSaA vki gh fopkj djsa vkrafdr jgrk Fkk] mlds Hksts gq;s ;ks)kvksa ls
fd ge txfrd yksxksa ls nsoyksd ds oklh nsork fujUrj yM+rs jgus ds dkj.k ftlds 'kjhj ij
vkSj ouksa esa jgus okys euu'khy eqfutu] vusd oz.k ¼fjlus okys ?kko½ gks x;s Fks vkSj
viuh izhfr dk izfrnku vFkkZr LokFkZ dh vkiwfrZ
bl vgfuZ'k dh fpUrk ls ftldh Nkrh tyrh
fdl izdkj ls] fdl ek/;e ls djrs gksxas \
oLrqr% jhfr ls ;gk¡ rkRi;Z oSfnd jhfr vFkkZr jgrh Fkh] mlh lqxhz o dks izHkq us lalkj ds
osnksDr ijEijkvksa ls gSA ogk¡ ¼osnksa esa½ ekuo leLr okujksa dk ,d N= jktk cuk fn;kA gs
ek= dks nso _.k] fir` _.k vkSj _f"k _.k bu mek! ije leFkZ Jhj/kqohjth vR;Ur dìkyq
^_.k =;* ls mikdj.k ¼m_.k gksus½ dk vkns'k LoHkko ds gSaA
fn;k gS ^^tk;ekuks oS czkã.kfL=fHk_Z.kS _.koku~
^ckfy =kl C;kdqy fnu jkrh& ckyh }kjk fn;s ,sls leFkZ izHkq dk Kku gks tkus ds ckn Hkh
x;s =klksa dh tks QsgfjLr ^fjiq le eksfg ekjsfl mUgsa Hkqyk nsus ls] muds vkJ; dk R;kx dj
vfr Hkkjh* ls 'kq# gqbZ Fkh] ftls lqu dj gh
nsus ls euq"; D;ksa ugha foifÙk;ksa ds tky esa
izHkq dh Hkqtk;sa QM+d mBh Fkha vkSj izHkq us ckyh
dks ekjus dk fu.kZ; ys fy;k Fkk] mlh lwph dk QalsxkA
,d vax ^C;kdqy fnu jkrh* gS lqxhz oth ds mu ^tkurgw¡ vl izHkq ifjgjgha& dFkk izkjEHk eas
=klksa dk lekiu izHkq us fdruk lqUnj fd;k gS ikoZrhth us Hkxoku f'ko ds fy;s îzHkq* 'kCn dk
;g vxyh i¡fDr;ksa esa ns[kus feysxkA iz;ksx fd;k gS&
^ru cgq czu fpark¡ tj Nkrh& cz.k¾jDr ^îzHkq* lejFk lcZX; flo ldy dyk xqu
eokn ;qDr ?kko] ^ru cgq oz.k* ls vfHkizk; gS /kkeA
fd ckyh ds Hksts gq;s ;ks)kvksa ls fujUrj yM+rs tksx X;ku cSjkX; fuf/k izur dyir#
jgus ds dkj.k lqxhz oth ds ru ij tks ?kko uke**AA1@107
igys ds yxs gksrs Fks] muds lw[kus ds iwoZ gh Hkxoku f’ko tkurs gSa fd esjs Lokeh jke gh
u;s ?kko yx tkrs FksA ^fpark¡ tj Nkrh* dk leLr l`f”V ds ,d ek= izHkq gSa ^lksb izHkq eksj
dkj.k igys gh ^ckfy =kl C;kdqy fnu jkrh* pjkpj Lokeh*1@118@2 muds vKku dks nwj
dg pqds gSa vkSj lqxhz oth dh fpUrk ds o.kZu ls djus ds fy;s gh ;gk¡ ^vl izHkq* dg dj
gh bl dk.M dk izkjEHk gqvk gS ^^vfr lHkhr Hkxoku f'ko us ikoZrhth ds le{k u dsoy
dg lquq guqekuk**A vkSj vius nq[kM+s esa Hkh jketh dh izHkqrk dk gh cfYd mudh dìkyqrk]
mUgksaus ;gh ckr dgh gS& ^^rkds Hk; j?kqchj loZKrk] lqlqHkkm vkfn bu lHkh xq.kksa dks
dìkyk] ldy Hkqou eSa fQjsm¡ fcgkyk**A izHkq us lksnkgj.k n’kkZ;k gSA
mUgha lqxhz oth dks ^dfijkÅ* cuk dj lnk ds jketh us tc foHkh"k.k dk jktfryd
fy;s bu nq’fpUrkvksa ls eqä dj fn;kA fd;k gS ml le; Hkq’kq.Mhth us Hkh ^ldqfp* in
^vfr dìky j?kqchj lqHkkÅ& izHkq vR;Ur }kjk yxkdj izHkq ds ^lqHkkÅ* dks gh n'kkZ;k gS&
mnkj&dìkyq rks gSa gh] LoHkko ls Hkh cgqr vPNs ^^tks lEifr flo jkoufg nhfUg fn,¡ nl
¼lqHkkÅ½ gSa blhfy;s os nwljksa ds d"V dks fcuk ekFkA
dgs gh tku tkrs gSa ^^d#uke; j?kqukFk xkslkbZa] lksb lEink foHkh"kufg ^ldqfp* nhfUg
csfx ikbvfg ihj ijkbZ**A 2@84@2 bls j?kqukFk**AA 5@49
ekuoh; n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kk tk;s rks bl le; vkSj ogk¡ Hkh Hkxoku f'ko us jketh dk xq.kxku
ftu lq[kksa ls izHkq Lo;a oafpr gSa mu lkjs lq[kksa xkrs gq;s ^vl izHkq* in gh iz;ksx fd;k gS&
dk tqxkM+ igys mUgksaus vius l[kk lqxhz oth ds ^^vl izHkq* NkfM+ Hktfg ts vkuk] rs uj ilq fcuq
fy;s cSBk;k gSA blfy;s jketh dh dìkyqrk ds iw¡N fo"kkuk**A
lkFk lkFk Hkxoku ‘kadj us muds lqHkkÅ dh Hkh ^dkgs u fcifr tky uj ijgha& bl pkSikbZ ds
iz”kalk dhA ;gk¡ ^j?kqchj* in nsdj psrk;k fd }kjk Hkxoku egs'oj us u dsoy mekth dks
izHkq Lo;a leFkZ ¼j?kqohj½ gSa] mUgsa lhrk [kkst esa vfirq loZ lk/kkj.k dks izcksf/kr fd;k gS fd
lqxhz o ;k okujksa dh lgk;rk dh vko';drk gh ,sls ljy ^lqHkkÅ* okys jketh dks ugha Hktksxs
ugha gS] vfirq os ,slh izrhfr djk jgs gSa fd rks foifÙk tky esa iM+s jgksxs vHkh psr tkvksA
ckyh c/k vkSj dfijkÅ cukus esa Hkh esjk gh Bhd ,slk gh izcks/ku Jh#nzkorkj guqekuth us
LokFkZ gS dksbZ rqEg ij vglku ugha gSA Hkh foHkh"k.k dks fd;k gS& ^^tkurgq¡ vl Lokfe
fclkjh] fQjfga rs dkgsa u gksfg nq[kkjh**5@58A
tkurgw¡ vl izHkq ifjgjgha A dkgs u fcifr blh cht ea= ds QyLo:i gh os yad's oj cus
tky uj ijgha AA ^^rqEgjks ea= fcHkh"k.k ekuk yadLs oj Hk;s lc
tx tkuk**A
iqfu lqxzhofg yhUg cksykbZ A cgq izdkj foUn ls mfpr ugha le>k cfYd ûìuhfr* in
uìuhfr fl[kkbZ AA iz;qDr fd;k gSA bldk [kqyklk nksgk 23 ds iwoZ
dh bl pkSikbZ ^^jktuhfr jk[kr lqj=krk** esa
fQj ¼nqckjk½ izHkq us lqxhz oth dks cqyok
feysxkA
fy;k vkSj Kku ?ku izHkq us mUgsa cgqr izdkj ls
dg izHkq lquq lqxzho gjhlkA iqj u tkmWa nl
uìuhfr dh f'k{kk nh] fØ;kRed iz;ksx fl[kk;sA
îqfu lqxzhofg yhUg cksykbZ & îqfu* ;kus fQj
pkfj cjhlkAA
uìuhfr dh f'k{kk nsus ds rnuUrj] izHkq
;k nqckjk] ;gh vFkZ xksLokehth dks ok¡ fNr Hkh
lqxhz oth dks le>krs gq;s cksys lquks lqxhz o !
gSA D;ksafd ckYehfd jkek;.k ds vuqlkj igyh
okujksa ds jktf/kjkt ¼gjh'kk½ ds iqj eas] eSa
ckj rks egkRek lqxhz oth Lo;a gh Jhjketh dss
pkSng o"kZ iwjs gksus rd ugha tk ikÅ¡xkA
ikl tkdj vius egkfHk"ksd dk leLr o`rkUr
^dg izHkq lquq lqxzho gjhlk& izHkq }kjk ^lquq
fuosnu dj vk;s Fks ^^fuos| jkek; rnk egkReus
lqxzho* dgus esa oLrqr% lqxzhoth dks le>kus dk
egkfHk"ksda dfiokfguh ifr%**4@26@42A vr%
Hkko fufgr gSA pw¡fd ekul esa ,slk dksbZ ladr s
îqfu* cqyok;s x;s] lEHkor% ckyh ds nl xk=
ugha gS ftlesa mUgksaus izHkq dks fdf"dU/kkiqjh
¼nlok¡½ iwjs gksus ds rRdky ckn] gh cqyk;k gS
i/kkjus dk vkxzg fd;k gks] cfYd yxrk rks
D;ksafd mUgsa vk;Z lEer uìuhfr fl[kykuk
;gh gS fd os Lo;a Hkh ;gk¡ izHkq ds cqykus ij
vko';d gSA
gh vk;s gSaA vr% le>kus dh ckr xys ugha
^yhUg cksykbZ* esa Li"V ladr s gS fd vfHkizk; gS
mrjrhA vHkh okYehfd jkek;.k dk m)j.k fn;k
fd mUgsa lans'kk Hkst dj cqyokuk iM+kA
Fkk ftlesa Jhsguqekuth us izHkq dks je.kh; ioZr
vuqekur% bldk ,d dkj.k rks ;g gks ldrk
xqQk fdf"dU/kk esa i/kkjus dk vkxzg fd;k gS
gS fd lqxhz oth jktrU= dks vius vuqdy w
^^beka fxfjxqgka jE;ke~ vfHkxUrqa
cSBkus esa vf/kd O;Lr jgs gks\ ;k fQj] brus
RoegZfl**A4@26@7 fdUrq v/;kRe jkek;.k esa
fnuksa ds ckn lq[k miyC/k gqvk gS blfy;s mu
rks Lo;a lqxhz oth us gh jketh ls] bl le`f)
lq[kksa esa mUgksaus izHkq dks gh foLe`r dj fn;k gks \
lEiUu jkT; dk 'kklu djus dk vuqjks/k fd;k
blfy;s mUgsa cqyokuk iM+kA fiNyh v)kZyh esa
gS vkSj vius dks nkl crkrs gq;s y{e.kth ds
Hkxoku f'koth ds dgs opu ^vl izHkq
leku pj.k deyksa dh lnk lsok djus dh Hkh
ifjgjgha* esa laHkor% mUgksaus blh nwljh ckr dh
dgh gS&
vksj ladr s fd;k gS A
^^jkT;a iz'kkf/k jktsUnz okujk.kka
^cgq izdkj uìuhfr fl[kkbZ& ekul eeZKksa ds
le`f)er~A
}kjk dh xbZ
nklks·ga rs iknin~ea lsos
frfFk x.kuk ds vuqlkj vkt vk"kk<+h iwf.kZek gS]
y{e.kofPpje~**AA4@3@45
bls ^xq# iwf.kZek* Hkh dgrs gSaA pw¡fd lqxhz oth
ogk¡ v- jk- esa izHkq us muds bl
dks uìuhfr fl[kykuh gS ftlds fy;s xq:
vuqjks/k dks u Lohdkj dj ikus dk dkj.k Hkh
iwf.kZek ls vPNh frfFk ;k eqgwrZ Hkyk vkSj D;k
v{kjl% ;gh cryk;k gS ^ûxja u izos{;kfe
gks ldrk gS\ vr% ^lqxzhofg yhUg cksykbZ* dk
prqnZ'k lek% l[ks**A4@3@46 ^gjhlk* in
eq[; dkj.k ;gh gksuk pkfg,A
nsdj izHkq us mUgsa okujsUnz cu tkus dh c/kkbZ
ûìuhfr fl[kkbZ* & pw¡fd Ny diV nqjko bR;kfn
nh gS vkSj g"kZ O;Dr fd;k gSA lkFk gh ,oa
Hkh jktuhfr ds gh vax gSa vkSj izHkq dh ok.kh gS
l[kk ds ml gjhlkiqj dks u ns[k ikus dk [ksn
^^fueZy eu tu lks eksfg ikok] eksfg diV Ny
o mldk dkj.k O;Dr fd;k gSA
fNnz u Hkkok**A ,rnFkZ xksLokehth us jktuhfr
îqj u tkm¡ nl pkfj cjhlk& uxj izos'k u
tSls vksNs 'kCn dk mPpkj.k Hkh izHkq ds eq[kkj
djus dk eq[; dkj.k rks firkJh@ekrkJh dks
fn;k gqvk opu gh gS fdUrq Hkjrth ds fy;s gSA izHkq Hkh tkurs gSa fd ,sls esa Jhlhrkth dh
;g opu Hkh Hkax djus ds fy;s rRij gks x;s [kkst djkuk laHko ugha gSA blhfy;s Lo;a
^êuq izlUu dfj ldqp rft dggq djkSa lksb pykdj dgk fd eSa _";ewd ioZr dks R;kx dj
vktq**2@264 vkSj xksLokehth dk rks ekuuk gS rqEgkjs lehi ds ioZr ij fuokl d:¡xkA rkfd
fd izHkq lB ¼ew[kZ tM+½ lsodksa dh Hkh #fp ;fn rqEgsa esjh dksbZ vko';drk iM+ tk;s rks eSa
j[kus okyksa esa ls gSa ^^lB lsod dh izhfr :fp rqEgsa vfoyEc miyC/k gks ldw¡ A
jf[kgfga jke dìkyq**A1@28 tcfd lqxhz oth rks ^jfggm¡ fudV lSy ij NkbZ*& /;ku nsus ij
izHkq ds l[kk gh gaS] rc izHkq gjhlkiqj D;ksa ugha Li"V izrhr gksxk fd ;gk¡ ^NkbZ* in vfrfjDr
x;s\ oLrqr% mUgsa iw.kZ :is.k lq[k igq¡pkus ,oa yxk gqvk gS vkSj vius vki esa fof'k"V Hkh gSA
ckgjh geys ls mudh lqj{kk djus ds /;s; ls oLrqr% bl ^NkbZ* ds }kjk gesa ifjKku djk;k
gh izHkq fdf"dU/kkiqjh ds ckgj #ds jgsA Hkxoku x;k gS fd o"kkZ Lo;a ugha gksrh vfirq izHkq gh
f'ko us bls y{; djds gh dgk Fkk& ^^mek jke es?kksa ds Lo:i esa vkPNkfnr gksdj] Nkdj] o"kZ.k
le fgr tx ekghaA xq# firq ekrq ca/kq dksm djrs gSA okYehfdth us Hkh jketh dks ty/kj
ukgha**A xksLokehth us blh Hkko ls fou; if=dk ¼es?k½ vkSj HkDrksa dks pkrd dgk gS ^^ykspu
esa xk mBs& pkrd ftUg dfj jk[ks] jgfga njl ^ty/kj*
^^,slks dks mnkj tx ekghaA vfHkyk"ks** 2@127@6A eq.Mdksifu"kn esa Li"V
fcuq lsok tks nzoS nhu ij jke lfjl dgk x;k gS fd ^^loZO;kih ijekRek vfXu gS
dksm ukghaAA vkSj thokRek mldk LQqfyaxor gS ogh ije
tks xfr tksx fcjkx tru dfj ufga ikor rÙo vfXu Lo:i gS lw;Z dks ToyUr cuk;s gq;s
eqfu X;kuhA gSA mls lfe/kk ds leku tykrs gq;s gesa m".krk
lks xfr nsr xh/k lcjh dg¡ izHkq u cgqr vkSj izdk'k iznku djrk gSA o"kkZ Hkh Lo;a ugha
ft;¡ tkuhAA gksrh vfirq os gh es?kks ds }kjk Lo;a cjlrs gaSA
tks laifr nl lhl vji dfj jkou izkf.k;ksa dk la;ksx gksrk gS vkSj os cgqxfq .kr gksrs
floig¡ yhUghaA gS A ijUrq muds }kjk cgqxfq .kr gksus okyk ,d
lks laink fcHkh”ku dg¡ vfr ldqp lfgr ek= ogh ije rÙo gS**& ^^rLeknfXu% lfe/kks;L; lw;Z%
gfj nhUghaAA lksekRitZU; vks"k/k% ìfFkO;keA
rqylhnkl lc Hkk¡fr ldy lq[k tks pkgfl iqeku~ jsr% flfUpr ;ksf"krk;ka cg~uh% iztk% iq#"kkRea izlwrk%**A eq-
eu esjkA ¼2&1½5
rkS Hktq jke] dke lc iwju djS dìkfuf/k eaxykpj.k ds ‘yksd esa dgk Fkk fd ;g
rsjks**AA fou;0162 fdf"dU/kkdk.M Lo;a _f)&flf) iznkrk gS]
xr xzh"ke cj"kk fjrq vkbZ A jfggm¡ fudV milagkj esa Hkh vk’khZopu gSa& ^^ldy euksjFk
lSy ij NkbZ AA fl) djfga f=iqjkfj**A vkSj blh izdkj ls
_f)&flf) iznku djus okyh ôsnksDr ukjk;.k
gs lqxhz o ! xzh"e_rq chr xbZ vkSj o"kkZ
lw=* gS mlesa Hkh bl ^NkbZ* ¼lao`r½ in dk
_rq dk vkxeu gks x;k gSA eSa rqEgkjs lehi lekos'k feysxk&^^vn~H; lEHk̀r% ìfFkO;S jlkPp fo'odeZ.k%
ds izo"kZ.k ioZr ij gh vkPNkfnr gks jgwaxk] leorZrkxzsA
fuokl d:axkA rL; Ro"Vk fon/knzwiesfr rUeR;ZL; nsoRoek tkuexzs**A uk-
^xr xzh"e cj"kk fjrq vkbZ& Jko.k Hkkno esa lw=&1
>ek>e o"kkZ gksrh gS] ftlesa vkokxeu ds vFkkZr~& og vkfn iq#"k vius izse ds
lk/ku ladh.kZ ;k dgha dgha vuqiyC/k Hkh gks dkj.k i`Foh dh l`f"V lajpuk ds iwoZ gh ty
tkrs gSa] bu eghuksa esa d`f”k dk;Z Hkh c<+ tkrk vkfn ls ifjiw.kZ gksdj Nk x;kA ;gh ckr ;gk¡
jketh us ^lSy ij NkbZ* }kjk dgh gSA ;ksa ih<+h dks lkFk ysdj dk;Z djus dh laEefr nh
ekul esa jketh dks gSA ogha bl iafDr esa leLr txrkfnd dk;ksZa dks
^ckfj/kj* Hkh dgk x;k gS& ^^dìk ^ckfj/kj* jke gh izHkq ds dk;Z eku dj mUgsa vjk/kuk dh Hkk¡fr
[kjkjh] ikfg ikfg izurkjfr gkjh**A fu"ikfnr djus dk lans'k Hkh gSA Jhxhrkth esa
gekjs iqjk.kkfn esa] ,d ek= o"kkZ ls gh Hkxoku us vk’oklu fn;k gS fd esjk vkJ;
/ku&/kkU; dh mlh }kjk leLr le`f) dh ysdj lnk lc deZ djus okyk esjk Hkä esjh
miyfC/k ekuh xbZ gSA blhfy;s jketh dks dìk ls ‘kkLor ije in dks izkIr gks tkrk gS&
^ckfj/kj* vkSj lq[klkxj dgk x;k gS ^^rnfi ^^loZdekZ.;fi lnk dqokZ.kks enO;ikJ;%A
vf/kd lq[klkxj ^jkek** 1@197@6vkxs ds eRizlknknokjuksfr ‘kk’ora
izdj.k esa Lo;a izHkq ds Jheq[kkjfoUn ls gh blh ineO;;e~AA18@56
dY;k.kdkjh o"kkZ dk vR;Ur vn~Hkqr foLe;dkjh ;gk¡ Hkolkxj ikj mrjus dk ljyre lk/ku
o.kZu ns[kus lquus o i<+us feysxkA crk;k x;k gSA
vaxn lfgr djgq rqe jktw A larr ân; êe dktw*& okLro esa rks ^lhrk [kkst*] ^jke
/kjsgq ee dktw AA dkt* ;k êe dktw* ;s lc dsoy izrhdkjkRed
gSaA izHkq dks ^^loZdrqZa leFkZ** ekuus ij gh ;g
rqe vaxn ds lkFk feydj] mldh
ckr le> esa vk;sxhA oLrqr% ekuo nsgh iznku
lEefr ls jkt dk;Z djksA bu lkjs dk;ksZa dks djus dh dìk dks Lej.k j[kuk gh vjk/kuk gS
fu"ikfnr djrs gq;s Hkh ân; esa eq>s vkSj esjs vkSj LokFkZ cqf) dks R;kx dj ijekFkZ ds fy;s]
dk;Z dks ¼HkfDr Lo:ik lhrkth dh [kkst dks½ leLr thoksa ds dY;k.k ds fy;s] dk;Z djuk gh
lrr~ ;kn j[kukA vFkok jkT; lapkyu djrs êe dktw* vkSj ^jke dkt* gSA ns[kk tk;s rks
gq;s lrr Lej.k j[kuk] fd eSa izHkq dk dk;Z dj leLr okujksa ds fy;s Lo;a Jhjketh ,d
vifjfpr ns'k ds O;fDr vkSj Jhlhrkth Hkh
jgk gw¡A
muds fy;s ,d vuns[kh L=h gh rks FkhaA dsoy
^vaxn lfgr djgq rqe jktw& blesa izHkq dk
ijksidkj dh Hkkouk ls gh] ijk;s ns'k esa vk;s
Li"V vkns'k gS fd vaxn dks ukeek= dk
O;fDr dh L=h ;gk¡ nq"V ds paxy q esa Qal xbZ]
;qojkt le>dj mldh vogsyuk er djukA
mls cpkus ds fy; gh bu okujksa us izk.kksaRlxZ
ckyh us vaxn dks fou;h] cy'kkyh vkSj
rd dj Mkyk] ;gh ^lhrk [kkst* dk eeZ gSA
loZtxr ds fy;s dY;k.kdkjh cryk;k Fkk ^^;g
xksLokehth us bl ^jke dkt* dks ;kus
ru; ee fcu; cy dY;ku izn izHkq yhft,s**A
j?kqifr HkfDr dks gh leLr thoksa ds fy;s
vr% izHkq dk vkns'k gS fd iqjkus HksnHkko Hkwy
dY;k.kdkjh o"kkZ _rq ¼izlkn Lo#i½ ekuk gS
dj] mldh lEefr ls gh jkT; lapkyu djukA
,oa ^jk* vkSj ê* bu nks Js"B o.kksZa dks]
;ksa Hkh izHkq us izFke vaxn dk uke ysdj mls
jkeuke ds lrr~ mPpkj.k dks] lkou Hkknksa ekl
izkFkfedrk iznku dh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa lqxhz oth
¼ckjg efguksa dk lkj rRo½ cryk;k gS&
ukeek= ds jk"Vªk/;{k gh jgs ,oa usr `Ro ;qokoxZ
^^cj"kk fjrq j?kqifr Hkxfr rqylh lkfy
ds vaxnth ds gkFk esa fn;k gSA bldk uewuk
lqnklA
gesa] tc y{e.kth fdf"dU/kkuxjh i/kkjasxs rc
jke uke cj cju tqx lkou Hkkno
ns[kus feysxk vkSj tc lhrkth dh [kkst esa
ekl**AA1@19
okuj Vksyh pysxh rc Hkh ns[kasxAs
^larr ân; /kjsgq ee dktw& xq# iwf.kZek dh xq# tc lqxzho Hkou fQfj vk, A jkeq izcj"ku
izlknh ds #i esa gh izHkq us gesa bl pkSikbZ dk fxfj ij Nk, AA
izlkn fn;k gSA izFke i¡fDr esa tgka HksnHkko dks tc lqxhz oth ykSVdj vius HkO; Hkou
Hkqykdj] ijLij lg;ksx djrs gq;s vkSj ;qok igq¡p x;s] rc pjkpj esa O;kIr Jhjketh Hkh
ml fujUrj >jrs jgus okys izo"kZ.k ioZr ij igys ls gh nsorkvksa us izo"kZ.k fxfj dh
loZO;kih gksdj Nk x;sA ,d LoPN LQfVd dh xqgk dks vR;Ur euHkkou
^tc lqxzho Hkou fQfj vk,& lh/kk lk vFkZ rks cuk j[kk FkkA mUgsa fofnr Fkk fd dìkfu/kku
;gh gS fd lqxhz oth us f'k"Vkpkj dk Hkh fuokZg jketh ;gk¡ dqN fnu fuokl djus ds fy;s]
ugha fd;kA u rks os izzHkq dks izo"kZ.k ioZr rd
prqekZl djus ds fy;s i/kkjsxaAs
igq¡pkus x;s vkSj u gh mUgksaus izHkq ds vkokl
îzFkefg nsoUg fxfj xqgk& îzFkefg* in dks
dh O;oLFkk gh ogkWa dh] tSlh fd fp=dwV esa
izFke esa j[kdj trk fn;k fd l`f"V ds lkjs
dksy fdjkrksa us dh Fkh ^^dksy fdjkr os"k lc
dk;Z igys ls gh lqfuf'pr gSaA vkSj ^#fpj
vk,] jps iju rù lnu lqgk,** 2@132@7A
cukb* ls Hkh Li”V gS fd izHkq ds fuokl dh
fNnzkUos"k.k ds n`f"Vdks.k ls rks ;gh dgk tk;sxk
O;oLFkk djuk nsoksa dk mÙkjnkf;Ro gS u fd
fd lqxhz oth ^^vaxn lfgr djgq rqe jktw** ds
lqxhz oth dkA fp=dwV esa Hkh nsoksa us gh dksy
mins'k ls vueus gks x;s vr% ,slk gks x;kA
fdjkr ds :i esa vkdj i.kZdVq h jph Fkh ^^dksy
^jkeq izcj"ku fxfj ij /kk,& bl ^Nk,* in ls
fdjkr ôs"k lc* vk,] jps iju rù lnu
Li"V fofnr gks tk;sxk fd vUr;kZeh jketh Hkh
lqgk,**A2@132@7 ogk¡ lhrkth lax esa Fkha
ekxZ pydj izo"kZ.k ioZr ij ugha igq¡ps gSa]
vr% i.kZdVq h Hkh ogk¡ nks cukbZ xbZa pw¡fd
vfirq ogha ls ml ij O;kIr gks x;sA ^Nk;s* in
lhrkth dk gj.k gks pqdk gS] os lax ugha gS
ds fo"k; esa vHkh xw<+ ppkZ dh xbZ FkhA ekul
vr% ,d xqgk ls gh dke fudkyk x;kA
eeZKksa dh n`f”V esa ;g fdf"dU/kkdk.M iq#"k
oLrqr% ;g xqgk gS D;k\ bl ij n'kZu
lwDr ;k ukjk;.k lwDr ds leku Qynk;h gSa]
'kkL= dh n`f"V ls fopkj fd;k tk;s rks blds
bls x`gLFktuksa ds fy;s dkeuk iwfrZ djus okyh
vFkZ dqN vkSj gh fudyrs gSaA fdUrq mudh ppkZ
^dke/ksuq* Hkh dgrs gSaA mudk dguk gS fd
djus ds iwoZ iwT; vkpk;Z Jhdìk'kadjth
fdf"dU/kkdk.M dk rkfRod jgL; izdV djus ds
^jkek;.kh* ls xq# izlkn Lo#i izkIr ,d 'yksd
fy;s gh xksLokehth us fou; if=dk ds in
nz"VO; gS&
¼la[;k 22½ ^^lsb; lfgr lusg nsg Hkfj]
^^fu'khFks re mn~Hkwrs tk;ekus tuknZus A
dke/ksuq dfydklh** dh jpuk dh gSA bl in esa
nsoD;ka nso:fi.;ka fo".kq% loZ&xqgk'k;% A
dke/ksuq dk :id dk'khth ls cka/kk x;k gSA bl
vkfojklhn~ ;Fkk izkP;ka fn'khUnqfjo
dk.M esa 30 nksgs gSa rks xksLokehth us bl :id
iq"dy%**AAJhen~Hkkxor10@3
esa Hkh dk'khth dk o.kZu 30 fo"k;ksa ls fd;k gSA
o;kso`) vkpk;ZJh foxr vBkjg o"kksZa ls
eeZKksa dk ekuuk gS fd ml gjiqjh dk'khth dk
v;ks/;k esa] JhHkkxorth vkSj jkepfjr ekul
lsou vkSj bl fdf"dU/kkdk.M dk Lok/;k;] bu
ij fuR; izfr izopu dj jgs gSaA buds eq[;
nksuksa dk gh Qy ,d leku gSA ^Nk,* tSls xw<+
Jksrkvksa esa vf/kdka'kr% dFkk&okpd oÙn gh
vkSj lkjxfHkZr inksa ,oa bldh QyJqfr dk
gqvk djrs gSaA nSo la;ksx ls ml fnu muds
vk'k; le>us ij vkidks Hkh ;gh izrhr gksrk
nSuafnu ds izopu esa Hkxoku d`".k izkdV~;
gS fd bl dk.M dh jpuk blh Hkkouk ls dh
volj ij] eSa Hkh ogk¡ ,d Jksrk ds #i esa
xbZ gSA
mifLFkr FkkA ^fo".kq% loZ xqgk'k;%* bl in dh
nksgk& izFkefga nsoUg fxfj xqgk jk[ksm O;k[;k esa Hkko eqX/k gksdj vkpk;ZJh ds eq[k ls
#fpj cukb A fudyk Fkk fd ^^vki yksx fdf"dU/kkdk.M ds
jke dìkfuf/k dNq fnu ckl ^îzFkefga nsoUg fxfj xqgk** esa fn;s Hkkoksa dks
djfgaxs vkb AA12AA ogha ¼vkpk;ZJh dk fdf"dU/kkdk.M ij izdkf'kr
o`gnxzUFk ^xq#dìk dknfEcjh* Vhdk esa½ voyksdu
djsaA bldh jpuk esa eq>s vkpk;ZJh ls vkSj
mDr xzUFk ls o`gr~ izsj.kk feyh gSA esa muls xnxn ;k iqyfdr gksrs gSa] vkSj vuSfrd ;k
dnkfi m_.k ugha gks ikÅ¡xkA ikideZ djrs le; gesa tks fu”ks/k ;k izcks/kd
^fo".kq% loZ xqgk'k;%*& dk HkkokFkZ gS] lcds ân; dk dk;Z djrk gS] mls gh fpÙk] lk{kh Hkko ;k
esa fojkteku Hkxoku fo".kqA blfy;s xqg k dk vkRekjke dgk x;k gSA
vFkZ xqQk ds vykok vUrjkRek] cqf)] fpÙk rhljh eu dh xqQk gS] ftlesa
vUr%dj.k vkfn Hkh gksrk gSA n'kZu'kkL= esa Lo;aizHkkth jgrh vkbZa gSa ¼ns[ksa nksgk 24½A eu
^vUr%dj.k prq"V;* vFkkZr~ eu] fpÙk] cqf) o foy{k.k gksrk gS vkSj izk.kh dks vius euers
vgadkj bl izdkj pkj foHkkx fd;s x;s gSa vkSj pykrs jgrk gS blfy;s xksLokehth us bls
fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa Hkh blh izdkj dh pkj ^fccj* dgk gS ^^Hkwfe fccj ,d dkSrqd
xqQkvksa dk o.kZu gSA ns[kk**4@23@5 Lo;aizHkkth dh og xqQk Hkh
igyh xqQk og gS ftlesa ek;koh dks vR;Ur foy{k.k gSA
iNkM+us ds mís’; ls egk vfHkekuh ckyh us pkSFkh cqf) dh xqQk gS ftlesa lqtku
izos'k fd;k Fkk ^^fxfjcj xqgk¡ iSB lks tkbZ** mls lEikrhth lr;qx ls jgrs vk;s gSa bls
^vgadkj* o`fÙk dh xqgk ekuk x;k gSA 'kkL=ksa esa xksLokehth us ^danjk* uke fn;k gS ^^fxfj danjk
vgadkj o`fÙk ls fd;s gq;s lHkh lRdeksZa dk lqfu laikrh**4@26@1A cqf) rkfdZd vkSj
fu”ks/k fd;k x;k gS] Hkys gh os nku&/keZ ;k iwokZuqHkoksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSaA bldk lqUnj
iq#"kkFkZ dh mRd`"V Js.kh esa gh D;ksa u vkrs gksaA lkeatL; ml izlax esa ns[kus dks feysxkA
ckyh dks blh vgadkj dk nq"ifj.kke Hkksxuk lqUnj cu dqlqfer vfr lksHkk A xqatr e/kqi
iM+kA fudj e/kq yksHkk AA
nwljh xqQk mijksDr ^nsoUg fxfj xqgk*
gS] ftls nsoksa us gh izHkq ds fuokl gsrq ou jkf'k ls le`) ogk¡ dk lqUnj ou
ltk&/ktk dj j[kk gSA bls ^fpÙk dh xqgk* dgk bl le; Qwyk gqvk ¼iqf"ir½ gksus ls vR;Ur
x;k gSA eq.Mdksifu"kn esa bldk lqUnj fo’ys”k.k 'kksHkk;eku gks jgk gSA xqatkj djrs gq;s HkkSajksa ds
gS ogk¡ Jhvafxjk _f"k dk dguk gS fd ije >q.M mu Qwyksa ij e/kq ds yksHk ls eaMjk jgs
iq#"k gh lkdkj cu dj rqEgkjs lfUudV vfirq gSaA
rqEgkjs ^ân;&xqgk* esa fuokl djrs gSaA izR;sd ^lqUnj cu dqlqfer vfr lksHkk& izo"kZ.k fxfj
oLrq tks Hkh xfr'khy gS] izk.ke; gS] nhfIreku gS dg ysa ;k okYehfd jkek;.k ds vuqlkj bls
mlh ¼ân; xqgk½ esa izfrf"Br gSA leLr lr~ izlzo.k ioZr] bu nksuksa dk gh vFkZ gS& fujUrj
vkSj lc dYiuk,] ftUgsa eu Hkh vlEHko
ty >juksa okyk ioZrA ;g ty ckgqY; {ks=
ekurk gS os Hkh mlds vfLrRo ls gh mRiUu
gksus ls ;gk¡ ds ou Hkh ou jkf'k ls vR;Ur
gksrh gSa] lcds vkJ; ml ijekRek dks rqe
le`) gSaA okYehfd jkek;.k ds 27osa lxZ esa]
tkuks&
ml o”kkZ _rqds le; esa Hkh ogk¡ dqlqfer ¼Qwys
^^vkfo% lafufgra xqgkpjUuke
gq;s½ o`{kksa ds gksa brus vf/kd uke gSa fd i<+dj
egRine=SrRlefiZre~A
vk'p;Z gksrk gSA rqaxHknzk unh dk mn~xe LFky
,tRizk.kfUufe"kPp ;nsratkuFk
lnl}js.;a] izo"kZ.k ioZr gh gSA mifu"knksa esa ty ls l`f”V
ija foKkuk|}fj"Ba dh mRifÙk Lohdkj dh xbZ gS ^^lks·nH; ,o
iztkuke~**AA1AA eq.Mdks2&2 iq#”ka leqn~/k`R;kewN; Z r~ ,rjs;**1@1@3 ,oa ty
^Nk,* in esa dgs Hkkoksa esa vkSj eq.Mdksifu"kn dks gh thou dk vk/kkj ekurs gq;s dgk x;k gS
ds bl dFku esa cgqr lkeatL; gSA eksVk&eksVh fd ^^tgk¡&tgk¡ ty vf/kd cjlrk gS ogha vUu
Hkk"kk esa ;ksa le>sa fd lRdeZ ds le; ge tks dh mRifÙk vf/kd gksrh gS& ^^;= Dop o"kZfr
rnso Hkwf;"BeUua Hkofr**A NkUnksX;6@2@4 mek
egs’oj ds izrki ls lkcj ea=ks ds vkxs vk;sxk A fdUrq Hkwy{eh ds vuqxgz ls dan
vk/kkj ij jfpr ;g ekul l|Qynk;h xzUFk ewy Qy i=kfn dh cgqrk;r gks xbZA lEHkor%
gS& y{e.kth tSls Jksrkvksa dh lqfo/kk ds fy;s]
^^dfy fcyksfd tx fgr gj fxfjtk] ^lkcj* ea= tky ftUg flfjtk**A rkfd bu oLrqvksa ds fy;s mUgsa nwj u tkuk iM+s]
vufey vk[kj vjFk u tkiw] izxV izHkkm vkSj os pkrqekZl ds izopuksa dk jlkLoknu th
esgl izrkiw**AA1@14@6 vkxs bUgha osn mifu"kn Hkjds dj ldsaA
ds ea=ksa dks xksLokehth us izo"kZ.k o"kkZ&o.kZu esa nsf[k euksgj lSy vuwik A jgs rg¡ vuqt
QyhHkwr fd;k gSA lfgr lqj Hkwik AA
^xqatr e/kqi fudj e/kq yksHkk& ;s e/kqi ¼HkkSjsa½ ml vuqie vkSj fpÙkkd"kZd izo"kZ.k
lk/kkj.k ugha gSa vfirq tUe&tUe ds ioZr dk voyksdu djds rc nsokf/knso
jkepj.kkjfoUnkas ds izsekuqjkxh gSa] xksLokehth us
Jhjketh Hkzkrk lfgr ml #fpj xqgk esa jg
bldk [kqyklk vkxs fd;k gSA ^xqatr* ;kus izHkq
dk ;’kksxku dj jgs gSa ,oa ;g ê/kq* Hkh ¼Bgj½ x;sA
lk/kkj.k edjan ugha gksdj izsekHkfDr gS& ^nsf[k euksgj lSy vuwik& izHkq us Lo;a vius
n'kZuksa dk Qy vuqie dgk gS ^êe njlu Qy
^în dey ijkxk jl vuqjkxk ee eu e/kqi djS
ije vuwik] tho iko fut lgt
ikuk**A1@210@12
l:ik**A3@35@9 vkSj ;fn vuqies; izHkq gh
dan ewy Qy i= lqgk, A Hk, cgqr tc rs fdlh dks dìkdVk{k n`f"V ls] vius vkJ;
izHkq vk, AA iznkrk ds :i esa fugkj ysa rks mldk ^vuwik*
dan] ewy Qy i=kfn tks us= eu ftg~ok gks tkuk lqfuf'pr gSA vfr o`f"V okys 'kSyjkt
dks yqHkk nsa ,sls ogk¡ i;kZIr ek=k esa Fks ijUrq Hkh vkt ^vuwik* gks x;s vFkkZr vf}rh; gks
izHkq ds i/kkjus ds ckn os cgqr gks x;sA x;sA /;ku jgs fd xksLokehth us ^vuwi*&^vuwik*
^dan ewy Qy i= lqgk,& bl pkSikbZ esa ek=k,a vkSj ^vuqie* vkfn fo'ks"k.kksa dks dsoy bZ'oj
de gSa] vUR;k{kj ^lqgk,* o ^vk,* Hkh Lo vkSj mldh foHkwfr;ksa ds fy;s gh iz;qDr fd;k
ek=k esa gSa vr% ^/kqfu vojsc dfcr xqu tkrh* gS& ^^vuqie* ckyd ns[ksfUg tkbZ] :i jkfl xqu
ds fl)kUr ls xw<+ Hkko dh |ksrd gSA dfg u fljkbZ**A1@192@8
^Hk, cgqr tc rs izHkq vk,& xksLokehth us ^jgs rg¡ vuqt lfgr lqj Hkwik& ;gk¡ dk
ekul dks ^ûkuk iqjku fuxekxe lEer** dgk ^lqjHkwik* in vR;Ur lkjxfHkZr gSA oLrqr% nsoksa
gS bl v)kZyh esa Hkh ^Hk, cgqr* in esa ds d"V fuokj.k gsrq gh izHkq cVksgh :i esa cu
mifu"kn ds ^^,dks·ga czã cgqL;ke~** dk lw= cu HkVd jgs gSa ^^lqjdkt /kfj uj jkt ruq
fijks;k x;k gSA blh cgqL;ke~ lw= dk fu#i.k pys nyu [ky fuflpj vuh**2@129 A igys
NkUnksX; esa l`f"V ds vkfn dkj.k dh xos"k.kk gh ladr s dj fn;k x;k gS fd bl 'kSyjkt dh
djrs gq;s gqvk gSA ogk¡ míkyd _f"k us iq= xqgk dks nsoksa us gh ltk/ktk dj j[kk gS vkSj
'osrdsrq dks crk;k fd l`f"V lajpuk ds fy;s mudh gh O;oLFkk ;gk¡ vkxs ¼pkrqekZl esa½ Hkh
ml lr us ¼ijczã us½ ladYi fd;k fd eSa pysxhA ;g Hkh fofnr gks fd czãkth dh vkKk
cgqr gks tkÅ¡ ^^rnS{kr cgqL;ka iztk;se~** N-m- ij gh nsoksa dk leqnk; ;gk¡ izHkq lsok esa
6@2@3A mifLFkr gqvk gS&
izHkq ds vkxeu ls izlzo.k ioZr ij ^^fut yksdfga fcjafp xs nsoUg bgb
iztk dh o`f) rks ugha gqbZ D;ksafd mudh vHkh fl[kkbA
vko';drk ugha gSA gk¡ e/kq ds yksHkh Hkaojksa ds ckuj ruq /kfj /kfj efg gj in lsogq
>q.M vo'; vk x;sA bu HkkSajksa dk ifjp; tkb**AA1@187
okLro esa rks ;s nsork jko.k ds le{k ureLrd Hkzej :i /kkj.k fd;s gq;s gSa] fl)x.k Jo.k
gksus ds iwoZ mlds Hk; ls bUgha xqQkvksa esa yqds lq[k gsrq if{k;ksa ds :i esa i/kkjs gq;s gSa vkSj
fNis jgrs Hkh Fks ^^jkou vkor lqusm ldksgk] eqfutu n'kZuykHk gsrq e`xksa ds :i esa vk;s gq;s
nsoUg rds es# fxfj [kksgk**A1@181@6A vkt gSa**A fdUrq ;gk¡ ^lsok* 'kCn yxk gqvk gS vkSj
bl xqgk'k; esa nsoksa ds Hkh nsokf/kifr Jhfo".kq e;kZnkiq#"kksÙke Jhjke us fl)&eqfu;ksa ls dgha
Hkxoku Lo;a gh jketh ds :i esa i/kkjs gSaA lsok djokbZ gks] Hkys gh os i'kq if{k;ksa ds :i
vr% Jhjketh ds fy;s ;gk¡ ^lqjHkwik* ¼fo".kq½ esa gh D;ksa u gksa] ,slk dksbZ Hkh izlax i<+us
dk lEcks/ku yxk gSA lquus esa ugha vk;k gSA fQj bUgksaus rks diV
Hkxoku vk'kqrks"k dks Hkh nsoksa ds d"V os'k
fuokj.k gsrq gh guqenorkj ysuk iM+k] vr% /kkj.k ¼ruq /kfj½ dj j[kk gS vkSj jketh dk gh
mUgsa Hkh ^lqjHkwi* dgk x;k gS& dguk gS ^êksfg diV Ny fNnz u
^îouru; ladV gju eaxy ewjfr :iA Hkkok**5@43@5 vHkh geus ns[kk gS fd blh
jke y[ku lhrk lfgr ân; clgq
diV os'k ds dkj.k izHkq us Jhguqekuth ls Hkh
^lqjHkwi**AA g-pkyhlkA
;Fkksfpr O;ogkj ugha fd;k FkkA xksLoehth us
e/kqdj [kx e`x ruq /kfj nsokA djfga ^nsok* in ds ckn gh ^djfga* fØ;k yxkbZ gS]
fl) eqfu izHkq dS lsokAA pkgrs rks ^fl) eqfu djfga izHkq dS lsok* Hkh rks
nsoksa dk leqnk; HkkSjksa] if{k;ksa vkSj dj ldrs FksA rkRi;Z gS nsork lsok djus okyksa
i'kq&e`xksa ds 'kjhj /kkj.k djds ogk¡ ds fl)] esa gSa vkSj fl)&eqfu izHkq ds lax lsok ysus okyksa
eqfu vkSj izHkq dh lsok dj jgk gSA esa gSa vkSj fQj ^lqj Hkwik* ds lkezkT; esa lqj
ê/kqdj [kx e`x ruq /kfj nsok& tks nsork izHkq ¼nsox.k½ gh lsok djsa ;gh T;knk mfpr gksxkA
ds xq.kxku :ih eaxy:i Hk;m cu rc rsA dhUg fuokl
e/kqjl ds yksHkh gSa os Hkzejkfn cus gq;s gS aA dqN jekifr tc rs AA
nso ,dkxzfpÙk gksdj dFkk Jo.k ds bPNqd gSa tc ls ogk¡ y{ehifr us ¼Jhjketh ds
mUgksaus g¡l] eksj] x#M+ vkfn if{k;ksa dk :i Lo:i esa Hkxoku fo".kq us½ fuokl fd;k rc ls
/kkj.k fd;k gS vkSj dqN rks fufuZes"k Hkko ls og izns'k ¼ou½ eaxy Lo:i cu x;kA
izHkq ds n'kZu gh ikuk pkgrs gSa os flag] gkFkh] êaxy:i Hk;m cu rc rs& bl pkSikbZ ds
okjkg fgj.kkfn cus cSBs gSaA vafre in ^rc rs&tc rs* Lo ek=k esa gS ,oa
^djfga fl) eqfu izHkq dS lsok& ;s nsox.k Hkzejksa o.kZu esa Hkh O;frØe gS A mijksDr HkkokFkZ ds
ds :i esa vius xqatu ds }kjk] e`xksa ds :i esa vuqlkj nwljh iafDr izFke gksuh pkfg;s FkhA
fdyksy djds ,oa [kxksa ds :i esa e/kqjok.kh blfy;s blesa 'kCnkFkZ ls xw<+kFkZ
lqukdj lHkh dks ¼fl) eqfu;ksa vkSj izHkq dks½ vf/kd gSA loZizFke êaxy* in dks gh ysaA tgk¡
vkg~ykfnr dj jgs gSaA Hkjrth tc fp=dwV ;g êaxy* in ckydk.M ds eaxykpj.k
n'kZu ij fudys Fks rc Hkh nsoksa us mudh blh êaxykuka p dÙkkZjkS* ls izkjEHk gksdj lekiu ds
izdkj ls lsok dh Fkh & êaxyk;ru jke tlq* rd lkS ls Hkh vf/kd
^^lqeu cjf"k ^lqj* ?ku dfj Nkgha] fcVi Qwfy Qfy ckj vk;k gSA v;ks/;kdk.M esa Hkh 67 ckj
rù e`nqrkghaA êaxy* 'kCn iz;qDr gqvk gSA ogha vj.;dk.M esa
e`x fcyksfd [kx cksfy lqckuh]lsofga ldy ;g êaxy* 'kCn ,d ckj Hkh ns[kus dks ugha
jkefiz; tkuh**A 2@320@7&8 feysxkA D;ksafd ogk¡ veaxyksa ds ewy 'kwiZ.k[kk
dbZ jkek;.kh bl pkSikbZ dk HkkokFkZ ;ksa vkSj [kj&nw"k.k f=f'kjkfn dk jkt FkkA rFkk
lqUnjdk.M vkSj yadkdk.M esa Hkh êaxy* 'kCn
Hkh djrs gSa ^^nsork lkjxzgh gSa vr% jliku gsrq
vius ekaxfyd vFkZ esa iz;qDr gh ugha gqvk gSA gSA ftldk rkRi;Z gS fd ogk¡ fuokl djus okyksa
ogk¡] gksus okys veaxy dks gh eaxy ekurs gq;s esa lnSo izHkq ds lax jgus okyh Jhy{ehth
jko.k ds eq[k ls fudyk gS ^êaxy* egq¡ Hk; ¼jek½ Hkh gSa] ftuds dkj.k gh lc eaxy gks jgk
eu vfr dkpk**5@39@2A vkSj ;gk¡] gS A ekul dh Li"V ekU;rk gS fd lhrk vkSj
fdf"dU/kdk.M esa Hkh ;g êaxy:i* in ckyh ds jketh 'kCnksa esa gh fHkUu gSa oLrqr% os ok.kh vkSj
fu/ku ds ckn izFke ckj vk;k gSA mldk vFkZ ;k ikuh vkSj mldh ygj ds leku
ekul esa ;g êaxy* in izR;{k ;k vizR;{k Hkys gh fHkUu Hkklrs gksa] gSa vfHkUu ghA
:i ls dsoy jketh ;k muls lEcfU/kr laKkvksa Jhlhrkth us bls vkSj lqLi"V djrs gq;s dgk gS
ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gqvk gS D;ksafd Jhjketh gh fd& ^^tSls lw;Z ls lw;Z dh izHkk vkSj pUnz ls
eaxy ds lzksr vkSj eaxy ds Hkou gSA j?kqoa'k ds pkanuh fHkUu ugha dh tk ldrh mlh Hkk¡fr os
iqjks/kk of'k"Bth us dgk Hkh gS& Hkh jketh ls vfHkUu gSa** ^îzHkk tkb dg¡ Hkkuq
^êaxy ewy jke lqr tklw] tks dNq dfgv Fkksj fcgkbZ] dg¡ pafnzdk panq rft tkbZ**A2@96@6
lcq rklw**AA2@1@5 Hkxoku f'ko Hkh muds blhfy;s euq'kr:ik ds le{k jketh ds lax&lax
blh :i dk tki djrs gSa ^êaxy Hkou veaxy vkfn 'kfDr lhrkth Hkh izdV gqbZ Fkha ^^Hk`dqfV
gkjh] mek lfgr tsfg tir iqjkjh**AA1@9@2 fcykl tklq tx gksbZ] jke cke fnfl lhrk
vkSj ekaxfyd izlaxksa esa fd;s tkus okyk ;g lksbZA1@147@4A
Lrou rks izfl) gh gS& ^êaxye~ Hkxoku fo".kq pw¡fd yadk esa Hkh Jhlhrkth fojkteku gSa
eaxye~ x#M+/ot%]**A tc eaxyksa ds drkZj Lo;a blfy;s FkksM+k lk Li"Vhdj.k vko';d gks x;k
^jekifr* gh i/kkjs gq;s gSa rks ou&izns'k dk gSA iqjk.kkfn esa Hkxoku fo".kq dh nks ifRu;ka
eaxy nk;d gksuk LokHkkfod gh gSA Jhfp=dwV ekuh xbZa gSaA ukjk;.k lwDr] iq#"k lwDr vkSj
esa Hkh Jhjketh ds i/kkjus ls ogka dk ou i`Foh lwDr ;s osnksa ls fudkys gq;s gSaA bu rhuksa
eaxynk;d gks x;k Fkk& ^^tc rs vkb jgs gh lwDrksa esa ,d ea= leku :i esa feyrk gS
j?kquk;d] rcrs Hk;m cuq ftlesa mudh nks ifRu;ksa dk vkSj ges'kk lkFk
êaxynk;d**A2@136@5 ;gk¡ Hkh ^tc rs&rc jgus dk mYys[k gS&^^Jh'p rs y{eh'p iRU;k
rs* in yxs gSaA Li”V gS fd jketh izlUukoLFkk ogksjk=s ik'osZ u{k=kf.k :ief'oukSO;kÙke~**
esa jgsa rks gh eaxy gSA ogk¡ fp=dwV esa uk0lwDrA 6
ikfjokfjd tuksa dk lq[k feyk Fkk blfy;s vFkkZr~%& ^le`f) vkSj lkSUn;Z rqEgkjh
Jhjketh ds izlkn ls] vk’khokZn ls] vFkok iRuhJh o y{eh ds :i esa fnu jkr rqEgkjs
muds vkJ; ls] ogk¡ ds 'kSyjkt Hkh eaxy#i vxy cxy esa gh jgrs gSaA vuUr u{k= rqEgkjs
¼jketh:i½ gks x;sA vkt Hkh tu&tu dh :i gSaA |kok&i`Foh rqEgkjs LFkkuh; eq[k gSaA
vkLFkk esa dkenfxfj dkeukiwfrZ okys dgha&dgha bUgsa ^Jhnsoh* vkSj ^Hkwnsoh* Hkh dgk
^dkerkukFkth* cus gq;s gSa ^^dken Hks fxfj jke x;k gSA ekul esa Hkh ukjn Jki izdj.k esa bu
izlknk] voyksdr vigjr fo"kknk**2@278@1 nks ds vfLrRo dks fn[kyk;k x;k gS ^^tc gfj
;gk¡ fe= lqxhz oth ifjokj lq[k Hkksx jgk gS] ek;k nwjh fuokjh] ufga rg¡ jek u
mldh izlUurk ls gh izHkq izlUu gSa vr% ou jktdqekjh**A1@137@1 vr% blls Li”V gS fd
Hkh êaxy :i* gks x;k gSA ;gk¡ izHkq ds lax lnk jgus okyh jek ¼y{ehth½
^dhUg fuokl jekifr tcrs& fiNyh pkSikbZ esa lkFk gSa vkSj yadk esa izHkq dh fo'oeksfguh ek;k
Hkxoku jk?kosUnz dks ^lqjHkwik* ¼fo".kq½ dgk Fkk] gh Jhlhrkth ds os'k esa gSaA
mlh dFku dks ;gk¡ ^jekifr* ¼y{ehifr fo".kq½ ;gk¡ ^fuokl* in nsdj iqu% ladr s fd;k
in ds }kjk vkSj lqLi"V fd;k gSA lkFk gh fd Jhlhrkth dk ikod izos'k djuk Hkh dsoy
^fuokl* in dks ^jekifr* in ds iwoZ j[kk x;k ujyhyk ;k ukVd ek= gSA os vn`'; :i esa
vc Hkh izHkq ds lax ekStwn gSa vkSj igys Hkh clkbZ**1@9@9 rks esjs jketh ds lEidZ ls
Fkha& dkyk xszukbV Hkh LQfVd cu x;kA
^^lqugq fiz;k czr #fpj lqlhyk] eSa dNq djfc yfyr ^lq[k vklhu rgk¡ }kS HkkbZ& pkrqekZl dk vkt
ûj yhyk**A igyk fnu gSA LQfVd f’kyk :ih O;kl vklu
rqEg ikod egq¡ djgq ^fuoklk*] tkS yfx djkSa ij Jhjketh lq[kklu ij fcjkteku gSa vkSj
fulkpj uklk**A eq[; Jksrk ds :i esa lEeq[k jkekuqt
3@23@1&2 Jhy{e.kth cSBs gq;s gSaA izdV vizdV :i esa
QfVd flyk vfr lqHkz lqgkbZ A lq[k ogk¡ fl) vkSj eqfux.kksa dh mifLFkfr Hkh n'kkZ;h
vklhu rgk¡ }kS HkkbZ AA x;h gSA
xqgk ds ckgj gh LQfVd ef.k dh ,d dgr vuqt lu dFkk vusdk A Hkxfr
vR;Ur mTToy] fo'kky vkSj euksgkjh f'kyk gSA fcjfr uìuhfr fccsdk AA
mlh ij nksuksa HkkbZ lq[kklu esa lq[k iwoZd cSBs ogk¡ cSBdj izHkq vius vuqt
gq;s gSaA Jhy{e.kth ls HkfDr] oSjkX;] uìuhfr vkSj
^QfVd flyk vfr lqHkz lqgkbZ& ikjn'khZZ&LQfVd Kku&foosd ij vusdkusd dFkk dg jgs gSaA
;gk¡ fpÙk dh fueZyrk dk izrhd gSA vkxs xgu ^dgr vuqt lu dFkk vusdk& ^dFkk* vFkkZr
fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ gS vkSj fpÙk ds fueZy gq;s fcuk jke&dFkk] ekul ds v/;;u osÙkk tkurs gSa fd
djuk ;k mUgsa vkRelkr~ djuk laHko ugha gS ekul esa ^dFkk* in izk;% Jhjketh ¼gfj½ dh
vkSj u gh bZ'k pfj= xkFkkvksa ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gqvk gSA blds
lk/kuk gh lEHko gSA ekul esa] lef"V dYiuk iwoZ ^^dggq fciz fut dFkk cq>kbZ** ¼tks fd
ds vUrxZr izHkq dks lk{kkr fpÙk gh dgk x;k gS izHkqus dVk{k ds vFkZ esa dgk gS½ esa] ogk¡ bl
^^vgadkj flo] cqf) vt] eu lfl] fpÙk fo"k; ij Li"Vhdj.k Hkh fd;k gSA vkSj
egku** ¼fo".kq½6@15A igys gh ladr s fd;k Fkk xksLokehth us izkjEHk esa gh viuk earO; izdV
fd ;g fpÙk dh xqgk gS vkSj LQfVd ef.k dh djrs gq;s bls dFkk gh dgk gS ^^,fg izdkj cy
cuh gS vFkkZr~ fueZy fpÙk dk izrhd gSA ;ksa Hkh eufg ns[kkbZ] dfjgm¡ j?kqifr ^dFkk*
izHkq dks LQfVd f'kyk lnSo fiz; jgh gS fp=dwV lqgkbZ**A1@13@1 ;kKoYD; us Hkh jkedFkk gh
esa] izHkq us txtuuh lhrkth dk tks Ükàxkj lqukbZ gS ^^dgmWa jke dS dFkk lqgkbZ**A1@46@5
fd;k Fkk og Hkh LQfVd f'kyk ij cSBdj gh ekWa ikoZrhth us Hkh jke dFkk gh iwNh gS
fd;k gS vFkkZr vR;Ur fueZy eu ls Üka`xkfjd ^^j?kqifr dFkk dggq dfj nk;k] vkSj Hkxoku
dk;Z fd;k& ^^lhrfg ifgjk, izHkq lknj] cSBs 'kadj us Hkh blds lekiu esa bls jke dFkk gh
^QfVd flyk* ij lqUnj**A3@0@4 okYehfd dgk gS& ^^jke dFkk fxfjtk eSa cjuhA dfy ey
jkek;.k esa Hkh xqgk }kj ij lery f’kyk dk lefu euksey gjuh**7@128@1 vr% ;gk¡ Hkh
o.kZu gS ^^xqgk}kj p lkSfe=s f’kyk leryk vkxs jke dFkk gh dgh xbZ fdUrq ;gk¡ Jhjke
f’kok** ijUrq og LQfVd dh ugha dkys xzsukbV dFkk ds bnZ&fxnZ f’ko dFkk vf/kd fijksbZ xbZ gS
dh Fkh ^^d`”.kk pSok;rk pSo fHkUukatup D;ksafd Hkxoku Jhf’ko jketh ds b”V tks Bgjs
;ksiek**4@27@13 okYehfdth vk”kZ dfo gSa vkSj O;kl ihB ij tc Lo;a lk{kkr~
dukZVdk esa xzsukbV ds igkM+ gSa ogha mUgksaus ijkRij&czã jketh vklhu gSa rks mUgsa dkSu jksd
ns[kk] ogha fy[kkA xksLokehth Hkä ân; gSa] ldrk gSA ;gk¡ vUrj bruk gh gS fd ;g
mudk ekuuk gS fd vxj ds lax ls /kqvk¡ Hkh jgL;kRed Hkk"kk esa gS ftldk Hksnu gesa djuk
dM+qvkiu NksM+ lqxfU/kr gks tkrk gS ^^/kwem gksxkA
rtb lgt d#vkbZ] vx# izlax lqxa/k
;gk¡ jgL;kRedrk D;ksa j[kh xbZ bldk ^xjtr ykxr ije lqgk,& izHkq ds vHkh dgs
tokc rks ^LokUr% lq[kk;* gsrq bldh jpuk opukuqlkj ^^dgr vuqt lu dFkk vusdk**
djus okys xksLokehth gh ns ldrs gSaA fdUrq ;gk¡ dksbZ dFkk dk lw=ikr gksuk pkfg;s FkkA
mUgksaus igys gh dg j[kk gS fd eSa rks fyfic) fdUrq u rks ;gk¡ dFkk fn[kykbZ iM+ jgh gS vkSj
djus dk dk;Z gh dj jgk gw¡ ^^Hkk"kkc) djfc u gh ftl ek;usa esa ge dFkk i<+rs lqurs vk;s
eSa lksbZ** vkSj og Hkh tSlk gfj fg;s esa izsj.kk ns gSa ml :i esa og gesa vkxs Hkh ns[kus dks
jgs gSa mlh izdkj dgw¡xk ^^rl dfggm¡ fg;¡ gfj feysxhA vkSj izHkq ds opu Hkh lnk [kjs ekus
ds izsjsa**A1@30@3 vr% bldk lgh tokc ^gfj* x;s gS ^^l[kk cpu ee e`"kk u gksbZ**A vr%
gh tkusA ;w¡ xksLokehth us bl jgL;kRedrk dk tSlk foxr v)kZyh esa fuosnu fd;k Fkk mu
ladr s ^^fcp fcp dFkk fcfp= fcHkkxk] tuq lfj fofp= dFkkvksa dks gesa [kkstuk gksxkA
rhj rhj cu ckxk**A1@39@6 ds }kjk fd;k ;g dFkk,a dksjh dYiuk ugha gSa A
gSA xksLokehth us êkul&:id* esa budk Li"V
^Hkxfr fcjfr uìuhfr fccsdk& ;g pkrqekZl laadr s fd;k gS&
pkj eghus] pysxk vr% lRlax gsrq ;gk¡ fo"k; ^^tqx fcp Hkxfr nso /kqfu /kkjk] lksgfr lfgr lqfcjfr
Hkh pkj pqus x;s gSaA fdUrq bu pkjksa esa HkfDr fcpkjk**A1@39@3
gh izeq[k gS] blfy;s bls izFke j[kk x;kA /;ku fcp fcp ^dFkk* fofp= fcHkkxk] tuq lfj rhj rhj
j[ksa ;gk¡ Hkh ^jktuhfr* 'kCn u dgdj cu ckxk**A1@39@6
ûìuhfr* in gh j[kk x;k gSA tksfd bl xzUFk vFkkZr~ ^^nksuksa ds e/; esa ¼fdf"dU/kkdk.M½ rks
esa loZizFke n'kjFkth ds tSls Ny diV jfgr lk{kkr~ HkfDr :ih xaxkth dh /kkjk gS tksf d
uì ds }kjk iz;qDr gqvk gS& oSjkX; ¼vj.;dk.M½ vkSj Kku ¼lqUnjdk.M½ ls
^êSa cM+ NksV fcpkfj ft;¡ djr jgsm¡ 'kksfHkr gks jgh gS] rFkk chpksa&chp ¼fdf”dU/kk
ûìuhfr**A2@31 dk.M esa½ ;k rhuksa dk.Mksa ds chp esa vusd
cj"kk dky es?k uHk Nk, A xjtr ykxr fofp= dFkk,a vius foHkkx ¼izdj.kksa½ lfgr gSa
ije lqgk, AA tksfd HkfDr iznku djus okyh lfjrk] oSjkX;
iznku djus okyk ou vkSj Kku iznku djus
Jhjketh dgrs gSa gs y{e.k ! o"kkZ _rq
okys ckx ds leku gSa**A ;gk¡ dgs foHkkxksa esa
esa vkdk'k esa es?k Nk;s gq;s gSaA mudh xtZuk uìuhfr dks NksM+dj 'ks"k rhuksa fo"k; HkfDr
âr~ra=h dks ije lqgkouh yx jgh gS A oSjkX; Kku vk x;sA xksLokehth us bu fofp=
^cj"kk dky es?k uHk Nk,& lar ân; xksLokehth dFkkvksa dk tkuus dk lw= Hkh fn;k gS&
us ;gk¡ lkis{k Nk;kokn dks gh ewfrZoar fd;k gSA ^^tqxqfr csf/k iqfu iksfgvfga jke pfjr cj
bl izopu&ekyk dk ,d&,d v{kj izd`fr ds rkxA
lkSUn;Ze; xq.kksa dh vfHkO;atuk ds C;kt ls ije ifgjfga lTtu fcey mj lksHkk vfr
rÙo dks gh izdkf'kr dj jgk gSA ;gk¡ ij vuqjkx**A1@11A
^_rq* ds LFkku ij ^dky* in dk p;u Hkh vFkkZr ^lTtuksa* dks bu dfork :ih
ije rÙo dh vksj ladr s djus ds fy;s gqvk eqDrk&ef.k;ksa dks ;qfDr ls
gSA blds vuqlkj ^dky iq#"k* gh es?k ds :i cs/kdj fQj jkepfjr :ih lqUnj rkxs esa
esa Nk;s gq;s gSaA bl Hkko dks lksnkgj.k ^^jfggm¡ fijksdj vius fueZy ân; esa
fudV lSy ij NkbZ** esa O;Dr fd;k gS] ogk¡ /kkj.k djuk pkfg;sA xksLokehth us bUgsa cs/kus ds
ns[k ysaA bu es?kksa dks ekul tM+ ugha thoUr fy;s 'kCn ladr s :ih ;qfDr;ka ogha mu pkSikb;ksa
ekurk gS ^^tg¡ tg¡ tkfga nso j?kqjk;k] djfga esa ;k mu izlax LFkyksa esa latksdj j[kh gSaA bl
es?k rg¡ rg¡ uHk Nk;k**3@6@5A izlax LFky ds îje*] ^lqgk,*] ^lqgkbZ*] ^fccsdk*
bR;kfn in blh izdkj ds ladr s d gS A tSls ;gk¡ ty ls l`f"V dks r`fIr feysxh] blh isz{kk ls og
ij pkrqekZl ds izopu gksus tk jgs gSa mlh mUgsa ns[krs gh vkuUn foHkksj gks fFkjd mBrk
Hkk¡fr fgUnw laLd`fr esa izR;sd o"kZ ek?k eghus esa gSA eksj ds blh fu"dke xq.k ds dkj.k ;ksx's oj
rhFkZjkt iz;kx vkSj vU; rhFkZ LFkyksa ij d`".k eksj i¡[k dks ‘kh’k ij /kkj.k djrs gSa
izopukfn gksrs gSa ^îzfr lacr vfr gksb vuank] blhfy;s eksj eqdqV calhokys dgykrs gSaA gekjs
edj efTt xoufg eqfuc`nak**A1@44@2 vkSj Jhjketh Hkh mldh fu"dkerk ds dk;y gSa
ekul ds dFkk i{k dk ^'kqHkkjEHk* Hkh] ,sls gh mUgksaus Hkh mlds i¡[k dks f'kjks/kk;Z djds gh
volj ij] iz;kxjkt esa Hkj}ktth vkSj tud okfVdk esa ¼fu"dke Hkkouk ls½ izos'k fd;k
;kKoYdth dh HksaV ls gqvk gSA ml LFky ij Fkk ^êksj ia[k flj lksgr uhds] xqPN chp fcp
mijksDr lkadfs rd inksa dk iz;ksx vusd ckj dqlqe dyh ds**A1@232@2A
gqvk gS&^^tkxcfyd eqfu îje* fccsdh] Hkj}kt y{e.kth x`gLFk gaS ,oa iRuh ¼mfeZyk½ ls
jk[ks in Vsdh**A ;gk¡ ês?k* gSa rks ogk¡ êk?k* gS nwj Hkh gSa vFkkZr~ ^x`fg fcjfr* gS ,oa eksj dh
^êk?k edj xr jfc tc gksbZ** vkSj ^xjtr* Hkk¡fr os izHkq dh izlUurk ls izQfq Yyr Hkh gks
in oLrqr% ogk¡ gksus okys izopuksa ds fy;s gks& mBrs gSa vr% izHkq us ^yfNeu ns[kq* ds }kjk
^êTtfga izkr lesr mNkgk dgfga ijLij gfj mUgsa izFke lEcksf/kr djds oSjkX;okuksa dh izFke
xqu xkgk**A iafDr esa LFkku fn;k gSA
ogk¡ Hkh mijksDr rhu fo”k;ksa ij gh izopu gksrs ^x`fg fcjfr jr gj"k tl& ^jr*¾vuqjDr]
gSa& vklDrA bl izopu J`[kayk esa izHkq us iw.kZr;k
^^dgfga Hkxfr Hkxoar ds latqr X;ku Nk;koknh jhfr ls ekul dh lEiw.kZ xkFkk] og
fcjkx**1@44 Hkh Bhd ekul esa of.kZr Øekuqlkj gh o.kZu dh
nksgk& yfNeu ns[kq eksj xu ukpr ckfjn gSA mi;qZDr nksgs esa] izHkq us ;kKoYD;th dks
isf[k A ^x`fg fcjfr* dh miek esa j[kk gSA dkR;k;uh
vkSj eS=s;h tks fd iqjk.k Hkkxorkfn esa [;kr
x`gh fcjfr jr gj"k tl fo"uq Hkxr
fonq"kh efgyk;sa gSa os nksuksa budh /keZ ifRu;k¡
dgq¡ nsf[k AA12AA FkhaA x`gLFk vkSj fojDr bu nksuksa esa gh iw.kZrk
gs y{e.k ! ns[kks] bu e;wj lewgksa dks] n'kkZus ds fy;s ^jr* in fn;k gSA ^gj"k tl*&
eksj ds :i esa esjs x.kksa dks] tks ty;qDr cknyksa Hkj}kt eqfu us jketh ds xw<+ jgL; tkuus ds
dk n'kZu djds] muesa esjs gh leku lar dh fy;s ftl vViVs <ax ls iz'u fd;s Fks&
izs{kk djds] vkuUn ls ukp mBs gSaA tSls oSjkX; ^^,d jke vo/ksl dqekjk] frUg dj pfjr
fcfnr lalkjkA
esa vuqjDr dksbZ x`gLFk fdlh fo".kq HkDr dks]
ukfj fcjg¡ nq[kq ygsm vikjk] Hk;m jks"kq ju jkouq
lar dks ns[kdj gf"kZr gksrk gSA isf[k¾Kku ekjk**A1@45@8 mls lqudj ;kKoYD;th eqLdjk
p{kqvksa ls ns[kuk& ^^nqjoklk eksfg nhUgh lkik] iM+s Fks] ^gj"k tl* mlh dk |ksrd gSA mUgksaus
izHkq in îsf[k* feVk lks ikik**A Hkj}ktth dks eu Øe opu ls ^jke Hkxr*
^yfNeu ns[kq eksj xu& êksj* dfo;ksa vkSj Lohdkj djrs gq;s mUgsa lEiw.kZ jkepfjr lquk;k
HkDrksa dh n`f"V esa lPpk okluk jfgr oSjkxh gSA gS&
dgrs gSa fd larfr gsrq Hkh eksj&eksjuh esa nsg ^^tkxcfyd cksys eqlqdkbZ] rqEgfg fcfnr
lEidZ ugha gksrkA okLrfodrk rks ;g Hkh gS fd j?kqifr izHkqrkbZA
eksj dks es?k ;k es?k ty ls Hkh dksbZ fo'ks"k ^jke Hkxr* rqEg eu Øe ckuh] prqjkbZ
LokFkZ ugha gS A mls ‘;ke es?k esa izHkq ds ‘;ke rqEgkfj eSa tkuh**AA
:i dk gh n'kZu gksrk gSA vkSj es?k esa O;kIr
Åij Hkj}ktth dks ^jke Hkxr* dgk gS f'ko lrhth ds lax ls ykSV jgs Fks] mlh le;
pw¡fd ;gk¡ oäk gh Jhjketh gSa vkSj os Lo;a lhrk&gj.k dh yhyk Hkh gqbZ Fkh ^dfj Ny ew<+
vius eq[k ^jke Hkxr* dg gh ugha ldrs gjh cSnsgh* vkSj ogk¡ jketh dks fo"kknxzLr
blfy;s ^fo".kq Hkxr* dgkA lkFk gh jke vkSj n'kkZ;k gS ^ê`x cf/k ca/kq lfgr gfj vk,]
fo".kq ,d gh rÙo gSa ;g Hkh ;gk¡ izf rikfnr vkJeq nsf[k u;u ty Nk,**1@48@6 izHkq us
fd;k gSA vius blh laLej.k dks ;gk¡ ^fiz;k ghu Mjir
?ku ?ke.M uHk xjtr ?kksjk A fiz;k ghu eu eksjk* ds }kjk lquk;k gSA pw¡fd ;g laLej.k
Mjir eu eksjk AA gS ;gk¡ dksbZ mRizs{kk ugha gS vr% ftfe&frfe]
tl&rl] tFkk&;Fkk bR;kfn ;kstd ugha yxs gSa]
vkdk'k esa ckny ?kuhHkwr
tks vkxs lHkh mnkgj.kksa esa ¼,d dks NksM+½ ns[kus
¼vgadkj¾f'ko½ gksdj ?kksj xtZuk dj jgs gSaA dks feysxaAs
esjk fiz;k ¼tkudhth½ foghu eu Mj jgk gSA nkfefu ned jg u ?ku ekgha A [ky dS
^?ku ?ke.M uHk xjtr ?kksjk& dY;k.kdkjh es?kksa
dk xtZu izk;% lHkh dks lqgkouk yxrk gS]
izhfr tFkk fFkj ukgh aAA
y{e.kth tSls fojDr dks Hkh] blhfy;s izHkq us vkdk'kh; fctyh dh ped cknyksa esa
vHkh&vHkh dgk Fkk ^xjtr ykxr ije lqgk;s* ] fLFkj ugha jg ikrh vFkok ped&ned okyh
ijUrq izHkq dk Hkko rqjUr cny x;kA ;gk¡ oLrq Nqik;s ugha Nqirh mtkxj gks tkrh gS oSls
fojgoar izHkq us Lo;a ds mnkgj.k ls n'kkZ;k fd gh nq"V O;fDr dh izhfr Hkh LFkk;h ugha jgrh]
fiz;rk ;k vfiz;rk ;s nksuksa gh eu esa fo|eku LokFkZ ds vuq:i ?kVrh c<+rh jgrh gSA
jkx }s"k ij fuHkZj gSA Jhguqearykyth ds ^nkfefu ned jg u ?ku ekghaa& ^nkfeuh*
ek/;e ls Hksts lans'k esa izHkq us lhrkth dks ;gh vkdk'k esa pedus okyh fctyh dks gh nkfeuh
dgk Hkh gS&^^ts fgr jgs djr rsb ihjk] mjx Lokl dgk tkrk gS ^^ns[kq fcHkh"ku nfPNu vklk] ?ku
le f=fc/k lehjk**5@14@4 ?ke.M ^nkfeuh* fcyklk**6@12@1A ;gk¡ blds
ekul :id esa lk/kq ds fy;s ?ku ¼es?k½ lkFk yxk gqvk ^ned* fo'ks"k.k /;kukd"kZ.k ds
dh miek dgh xbZ gS ^^csn iqjku mnf/k ^?ku* fy;s gh yxk;k gS] oLrqr% bldh vko';drk
lk/kw**A1@35@3 vkSj fo'o :i n'kZu esa ugha gSA yadkdk.M esa ^nkfeuh* in pkjckj
Hkxoku f'ko dks lef"V dk vgadkj ¼?ke.M½ iz;qDr gqvk gsSA fdUrq muds lax ^ned* 'kCn
dgk x;k gS ^^vgadkj ^flo*] cqf) vt] eu dgha ugha feysxkA ;gk¡ nkfeuh dh ned ls
lfl] fpÙk egku**A6@15 blds vuqlkj ;gk¡ vfHkizk; gS fd laLdkjxr xq.k ;k voxq.k Nqik;s
^?ku* vxLR; _f"k dk vkSj ^?ke.M* in Hkxoku ugha Nqi ldrsA vUrr% os dkyusfe ;k jko.k
f'ko dk cks/kd gSA ;kKoYD;th us dFkk dk dh nq"Vrk dh HkkWafr mtkxj gks gh tkrs
'kqHkkjEHk Hkh Hkxoku f'ko vkSj vxLR; eqfu dh gSa&^^m?kjfga var u gksb fuckgw] dkyusfe ftfe
HksaV ls fd;k gS ^^,d ckj =srk tqx ekgha] laHkq jkou jkgw**1@6@6A mijksDr izlax lrhth ls
x, dqaHkt fjf"k ikgha**A1@47@1 tSlkfd vHkh lEcfU/kr gS ftUgsa ogkWa ^nPN lqrk* uke ls
dgk Fkk ^xjtr* in dk vfHkizk; izopu ;k lEcksf/kr fd;k x;k gS& ^nPN lqrk dgq¡ ufga
gfj xquxku djuk gSA mlh ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ Hkh dY;kuk*] vfHkizk; gS fd n{klqrk ls nPN ds
vkil esa jketh ds xq.kxku dgs lqus x;s& ¼prqjkbZ ds½ oa'kkuqxr xq.k tk ugha ldrsA os
^^dgr lqur j?kqifr xqu xkFkk] dqN fnu ¼lrhth½ Hkxoku 'kadj ds euk djus ds ckn Hkh
rgk¡ jgs fxfjukFkk**A jketh dh ijh{kk ysus xbZ ^êksjsgq dgsa u lal;
^fiz;k ghu Mjir eu eksjk& Hkxor ppkZ ds tkgha] fcf/k fcijhr HkykbZ ukgha**A Hkxoku 'kadj
ckn tc vxLR; eqfu ds vkJe ls Hkxoku dk dgk u ekuk] vius LoHkkokuqlkj ijh{kk ysus
xbZ vr% ^nkfefu ned jg u ?ku ekgha* dgk dks ijksidkj esa yxkus ds fy;s] mudh ig¡qp
x;kA ljy cukus ds fy;s gh fouezrk iwoZd i`Foh dh
^[ky ds izhfr tFkk fFkj ukgha& ^[ky* iqafYyax vksj >qd tkrs gSa&
gSA blh lrh&izlax esa gh jko.k ds fy;s ûhp* ^^Qy Hkkju ufe fcVi lc jgs Hkwfe
'kCn vk;k gS ^^yhUg ûhp* ekjhpfg laxk**A fuvjkbA
jko.k ds bl LokFkZijd O;ogkj ds fy;s gh izHkq ij midkjh iq#"k ftfe uofga lqlaifr
us ^[ky dS izhfr* in iz;qDr fd;k gSA lhrk ikb**AA3@40AA
gj.k gsrq tc jko.k ekjhp ds ikl x;k rc 'kkL=ksa dk Hkh opu gS fd fo|k lEiUu fo}ku
mlus Lokeh gksrs gq;s Hkh] LokFkZ o'k ekjhp dks esa Lor% uezrk vk tkrh gS ^^fo|k nnkfr
eLrd uok;k gS ^ûkb ekFk LokjFk jr uhpk** fou;e~**A
bl ij Hkxoku f'ko ds eq[k ls rqjUr ,d ^tFkk uofga cq/k fo|k ik,¡ & ;gk¡ ûofga* fdz;k
uhfrxr fVIi.kh Hkh fudyh gS ftlesa mls ^[ky* cgqopu gSA ekul esa fouezrk ;qDr O;ogkj ds
dgk gS & vusd mnkgj.k gaSA vkSj ;gk¡ jketh Hkh ,d esa
^ûofu uhp dS vfr nq[knkbZ] ftfe vadql /kuq vusd dFkk;sa dg jgs gSa ¼dgr vuqt lu dFkk
mjx fcykbZA vusdk½ fdUrq gekjs fy;s lhrk&gj.k ls
Hk;nk;d ^[ky* dS fiz; ckuh] ftfe vdky ds dqlqe lEcfU/kr izlax gh iz;kstuh; gSA vr% ;gk¡ izHkq
Hkokuh**A3@32@8 us Jhlhrk gj.k ds C;kt ls tks fojg&foyki
vkSj Jhjketh us Hkh lhrk gj.k gks vkSj O;kdqyrk dk mRd`"V vfHku; fd;k Fkk
tkus ds rRdky ckn ,slh gh uhfrxr fVIi.kh ^^fcjg fcdy uj bo j?kqjkbZ] [kkstr fcfiu
dh gS ^^jkf[km ukfj tnfi mj ekgha] tqcfr fQjr nksm HkkbZ**A ml vfHku; dks ns[kdj ,d
lkL= uìfr cl ukgha**3@39@9 bl fVIi.kh esa vksj rks lqtku lnkf'ko eqX/k vkSj gf"kZr gks x;s
mijksDr ^nkfeuh ned jg u ?ku ekgha* okyk ^^laHkq le; rsfg jkefg ns[kk] mitk fg;¡ vfr
iwjk Hkko vfHkO;Dr gks tkrk gSA vkSj nksuksa esa gj"kq fols"kk**A fdUrq mudk HkDr ân; nzfor Hkh
gh ladr s dksa ds :i esa pkSikbZ ds rqdkar gks vk;k ^^Hkfj ykspu Nfc fla/kq fugkjh** bls
êkgha&ukgha* ekStwn gSA mnkgj.k lhfer j[kus ds gh ^cj”kfga tyn Hkwfe fuvjk,¡* dgk x;kA lkFk
fy;s gh ;gk¡ eSusa mUgsa ¼ekgh&ukgh dks½ izeq[krk gh] mUgsa [ksn gks jgk Fkk fd os ,sls le; esa u
nh gSA rks txr ds ukV~; eap ij izdV gks dj] izHkq
cj"kfga tyn Hkwfe fuvjk,Wa A tFkk uofga ls HksaV gh dj ldrs gSa vkSj u gh mUgsa mRd`"V
cq/k fo|k ik,Wa A vfHku; gsrq c/kkbZ gh ns ldrs gSa ^^dqle;
tkfu u dhUg fpUgkjh**A vr% dkekfj us mUgsa
ty ls yckyc ckny i`Foh ds fudV
nwj ls gh ^t; lfPpnkuUn* ds ?kks"k ds lkFk
vkdj cjl jgs gsSa ekuksa ;s tykfHk"ksd }kjk ueu fd;k gS ^^t; lfPpnkuan tx ikou] vl
Hkwfe dks oSls gh ueu dj jgs gSa tSls fd dfg pysm eukst ulkou**1@49@3 f’koth dk
fo}ku yksx fo|k ikdj vf/kd fouez gks tkrs rkRi;Z gS fd vki lnk lr~&fpr~&vkuUn esa
gSa A jgus okys gSa] ;g rks dsoy yhyk gS bls gh
^cj"kfga tyn Hkwfe fuvjk,¡& cknyksa ds ty ^tFkk uofga cq/k fo|k ik,¡* esa dgk x;k gSA
vk;ru esa tSlh o`f) ;k deh gqbZ gS] izlax esa nwljs mnkgj.k es] tc lrhth Hkxoku
mlh ds vuqlkj ogk¡ lVhd oSls gh uke iz;qDr f'ko ds euk djus ds ckn Hkh Jhjketh dh
gq;s gSa& es?k] okfjn] ?ku vkSj tyn ;kus ty ls ijh{kk ysus xbZa vkSj os Jhlhrkth dk os'k /kkj.k
yckyc] ikuh nsdj gh tk;sxkA cknyksa ds leku djds izHkq ds lEeq[k igqWap xbZa] rc izHkq us mUgsa
tM+ o`{kksa ds fy;s Hkh dgk x;k gS fd os Qyksa viuh loZKrk dk ifjp; iz.kke djds gh fn;k
gS ^^tksfj ikfu izHkq dhUg îzukew*] firk lesr ¼lquS dks½ cryk;k gS] vkSj ;gk¡ lUr ds leku
yhUg fut ukew**A2@52@7 fdUrq bls ûofga vlá opuksa dks lgu djuk gS ^[ky ds cpu
cq/k* dk mnkgj.k u ekusa] izHkq vius eq[k vki lar lg tSlsa* blfy;s Jhlhrkth bl ifjHkk"kk
cM+kbZ ¼cq/k dgykus dh½ ugha djsaxAs oLrqr% esa lVhd ugha cSBrhaA fQj ;g Hkko ys ysus ij
lrhth ykSV dj tc Hkxoku f'ko ds ikl chp dh jkedFkk Hkh NwVrh gSA tcfd dFkk dks
igq¡ph vkSj muds iwNus ij mUgksaus vlR; dgk ekul ds vu:i gh pyuk pkfg, vLrq] jketh
^^dhUg izukeq rqEgkfjfg ukbZ** rc Hkxoku 'kadj us ;gk¡ Hkxoku egs'k dks gh lar dgk gS vkSj
dks /;ku yxk dj ns[kuk iM+k ^^rc ladj ns[ksm muds 'olqj n{k iztifr ds fy;s ^[ky* in
/kfj /;kuk] lrha tks dhUg pfjr lcq tkukA lrhth iz;qDr fd;k gSA oLrqr% czã lHkk esa ,d ckj
dk fd;k lc tkudj Hkh mu ij dzks/k ugha Hkxoku ‘kadj n{k iztkifr ds Lokxr esa mBs
fd;k cfYd ^fLFkrizK* dh Hkk¡fr muds fd;s bl ugha blls dqfir gksdj n{k us nkekn ls gh
vkpj.k dks jke ek;k dk izHkko tku ueu vdkj.k o ,d rjQk cSj cka/k fy;kA Hkxoku
fd;k gS ^^cgqfj jkeek;fg fl# ukok] izsfj f'ko dks viekfur djus dh uh;r ls gh mUgksaus
lfrfg tsfga >w¡B dgkok**1@55@5 blh dk gh ,d ;K dk vk;kstu fd;k] ml ;K esa n{k us
o.kZu izHkq us ûofga cq/k fo|k ik,¡* esa fd;k gSA u rks vius nkekn&csVh dks gh vkeaf=r fd;k
cw¡n v?kkr lgfga fxfj dSlsa A [ky ds cpu vkSj u gh Hkxoku vk'kqrks"k ds fy;s ;K esa
lar lg tSlsa AA feyus okyk Hkkx gh j[kkA Jhlrhth ml ;K esa
fcuk cqyk;s gh tkus ds fy;s gB djus yxh rc
gs y{e.k! ns[kk] o"kkZ&cwanksa ds vizR;kf'kr
Hkxoku f'koth us ml vieku dk [kqyklk djrs
vk?kkrksa dks] mu pksVksa dks] ;s ioZr&jkt fdl gq;s cryk;k gS& ^^czãlHkk¡ ge lu nq[k ekuk]
lgtrk ls lg jgs gSa\ tSls fdlh nq"V O;fDr rsfg rsa vtgq¡ ^djfg viekuk**A1@61@3
ds nqoZpuksa dks {kek'khy lar lg ysrs gSa A vfHkizk; gS fd Hkxoku f'ko ,d lPps lar ds
^cw¡n v|kr lgfga fxfj dSlsa& o"kkZ dh cw¡nsa Hkh leku gh n{k iztkifr ls fujUrj ¼vtgq¡½
dHkh&dHkh fdlh ds fy;s izk.k ysok gks tkrh gSa viekfur gksrs jgss gSa fQj Hkh mUgksaus dHkh dksbZ
,slk ns[kus lquus esa vkrk gSA fdUrq bu cw¡nksa ls izfrfØ;k O;Dr ugha dhA loZ leFkZ gksrs gq;s Hkh
pV~Vku ;k iRFkjksa dks Hkh vk?kkr igq¡prk gS] bl os muds dgs vlá opuksa dks Hkh tM+ iRFkj ds
Hkko dh izrhfr djuk] ;g xksLokehth tSls leku lg x;s] vr% ^[ky ds cpu lar lg
lw{ekfrlw{e vuqHkwfr okys O;fDr ds fy;s gh tSls* dgkA
lEHko gSA mudk vfHkizk; rst&Hkkjh o"kkZ ls gSA Nqnz unha Hkfj pyha rksjkbZ A tl FkksjsgaqW /ku
;gk¡ ^dSlsa* in esa ftKklk dk Hkko gSA izHkq dk [ky brjkbZ AA
ladr s gS fd ;g esjk Lo;a dk vuqHko ugha gS
vksNh yEckbZ o de ikV okyh NksVh
^fxfjukFk* dk] Hkxoku ‘kadj dk gSA
^[ky ds cpu lar lg tSls& ekul esa ^[ky* ¼Nqnz½ ufn;k¡] ftuds ewy esa dksbZ ty lzksr ugha
'kCn jko.k ds fy;s vusd ckj iz;qDr gqvk gS gS] os cjlkr ds ty ls iwj gksdj viuh
^ûkFk nlkuu ;g xfr dhUgh] rsfg ^[ky* e;kZnk:ih fdukjksa dks rksM+dj ,slh cgh tk jgh
tudlqrk gfj yhUgh**A3@30@2 vkSj mlus gSa tSls FkksM+k lk /ku ikdj nq"V O;fDr]
Jhlhrkth dks nqopZu Hkh cgqrsjs dgs gSa A Lo;a lkekftd e;kZnkvksa dh vogssyuk djrs gq,
Jhlhrkth us f=tVkth ls viuh vlg~; O;Fkk
?ke.M esa ,saBdj pyrk gSA
lqukrs gq;s dgk gS ^^lR; djfg ee izhfr
^Nqnz unha Hkfj pyha rksjkbZ& ekul esa] bl
l;kuh] lquS dks Jou lwy le
v)kZyh ds Hkkoksa ls feyr&tqyrs izlax vusd
ckuh**5@11@4A pw¡fd Jhlhrkth us bls vlá
gSaA izFke n`f"V esa rks ;g uhfrxr okD; lrhth
ds fy, dgk x;k yxrk gS] tc os Hkxoku ^^rs ikb lqj nqyZHk inknfi îjr* ge ns[kr
'kadj ds le>kus ij Jhjketh dh ijh{kk ysus gjh**aA 7@12@3 NanA
pyhas xbZaA fdUrq ogkWa ;g Hkh Li"V dg fn;k ^tuq thofg ek;k yiVkuh& tho dks bZ'oj dk
x;k gS os f'koth dh vkKk ekaxdj x;h ^^pyh va'k] vfouk'kh] pSrU;] fueZy vkSj LoHkko ls
lrh flo vk;lq ikbZ] djfg fcpkj djkSa dk gh lq[k dk iqat vkfn dgk x;k gSA fdUrq ogh
HkkbZ**A1@51@4 rkRi;Z gS fd mUgksaus e;kZnk Hkax tho tc ,dckj ek;k ds o'khHkwr gks tkrk gS
ugha dhA rks ijk/khu rksrs cUnj ds leku vkpj.k djus
blh Hkko dh ,d lekukFZkd pkSikbZ yxrk gS&A
Jhguqekuth us jko.k dks ifjyf{kr djdss Hkh ^^bZLoj val tho vfcuklh] psru vey lgt
dgh gsS ^^lty ewy ftUg lfjrUg ukgha] cjf"k lq[k jklhA
x;s iqfu rcfg lq[kkbZ**A5@22@6 pw¡fd jko.k lks ek;kcl Hk;m xkslkbZa] cWa/;ks dhj ejdV dh
vgadkjh Hkh gS blfy, ;g n`"Vkar mlij Hkh ukbZa**A7@116@2&3
lVhd ykxw gksrk gSA fdUrq izlax ds dzekuqlkj ;gka ^tho* in lrhth ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k
;g v)kZyh oLrqr% n{k iztkifr dks y{; djds gSA vkSj êk;k yiVkuh* dk rkRi;Z gS fd muls
gh dgh x;h gSA tc czãkth us n{k dks iztkifr ek;k Lo;a vkdj fyiV xbZA blesa Li"V ladr s
cuk fn;k rc mlus Lo;a dks Hkxoku f'ko ls gS fd lrhth Lo;a eksgxzLr ugha gqbZa cfYd os
cM+k izekf.kr djus ds fy, ,d egk;K dk izHkq izsfjr ek;k ds o'khHkwr gksdj gh ijh{kk ysus
vk;kstu fd;k vkSj ml ;K esa f=nsoksa dks xbaZ FkaahaA izHkq us Lo;a viuh ek;k ds bl izcy
vFkkZr cãk] fo".kq] egs'k dks vkeaf=r gh ugha izHkko dhs] lrh tSls O;fDrRo dks eksgxzLr dj
fd;k ^fc”uq fcjafp egslq fcgkbZ* A ogk¡ n{k ysus okyh {kerk dh] eu gh eu iz'kalk dh gS
iztkifr ij dVk{k djrs gq, ;kKoYD;th us ^^fut ek;k cyq ân;¡ c[kkuh] cksys fcgfl jkeq
dgk gS& e`nq ckuh**A1@52@6 Hkxoku 'kadj us Hkh bls
^^cM+ vf/kdkj nPN tc ikok] vfr vfHkekuq jkeek;k dk gh dk;Z ekuk gS& ^^cgqfj jkeek;fg
g`n;¡ rc vkokA fl# ukok] izsfj lfrfg tsfga >w¡B
ufga dksm vl tuek tx ekgha] izHkqrk ikbZ dgkok**A1@55@5
tkfg en ukgh** 1@59@7&8 blh Hkko dks tc ek;k ,d ckj fyiV tkrh gS rks mldk
jketh us ^tl Fkksjsm /ku [ky brjkbZ* esa mdsjk ifjokj ¼dke] dzks/k] en] ekRl;Z] eksg] yksHk]
gSA r`".kk] fpUrk] bZ";kZ bR;kfn½ bruk fo'kky gS fd
Hkwfe ijr Hkk <kcj ikuh A tuq thofg mlls fuLrkj ikuk ¼gfj dìk fcuk½ lEHko gh
ek;k yiVkuh AA ugha gSA lrhth dk Hkh fuLrkj ugha gqvkA izHkq
o"kkZ dk fueZy ty vkdk'k ls i`Foh ij dh ijh{kk rks dsoy eksgxzLr gksdj ysus x;ha
iM+rs gh eVeSyk] xanyk gks x;k tSlsfd tho FkhaA fdUrq ckn esa ,d&,d djds vusd nqxq.Z k
dks ekrk dk xHkZ R;kxrs gh ek;k:ih efyurk vkrs x;s vkSj vUrr% dzks/k ds o'khHkwr gksdj
fyiV xbZ gksA mUgksaus ;ksxkfXu esa vius izk.kkUr dj Mkys&
^Hkwfe ijr Hkk <kcj ikuh& ;gk¡ ty vkSj tho ^^leqf> lks lfrfg Hk;m vfr ^dzks/kk**A
esa mRizs{kk n'kkZ;h x;h gS vr% ^Hkwfe ijr* dk ^^vl dfg tksx vfxfu ruq tkjk] Hk;m ldy
lEcU/k ty vkSj tho nksuksa ds fy, gSA ty e[k gkgkdkjk**A 1@63@8
vkdk'k ls iM+k vkSj efyu gqvk vkSj tho lfefV lfefV ty Hkjfga rykok A ftfe
LoxkZfn Hkksxksa ds ckn] ekrk ds xHkZ ls iM+k vkSj lnxqu lTtu ifga vkok AA
mlls ek;k fyiV xbZ] nksuksa dh gh voufr o"kkZ dk ty d"kZ.k fØ;k ds }kjk fleV
¼ijr½ gqbZ gS& fleV dj rkykcksa dks Hkj jgk gSA tSls lTtu
O;fDr ds ikl ln~xq.k Lo;eso ¼izHkq iznÙk½ vk flofg leq>kok] ikjcrh dj tUeq
tkrs gSaA lqukok**1@75@7A bl nwljs mnkgj.k esa
^lfefV lfefV ty Hkjfga rykok& rkykcksa dk Hkxoku f'ko ^lTtu* gq;sA vHkh jketh us Hkh
ty LoPN] lq[kn] 'khry] e/kqj euksgj vkSj bUgsa lar dh miek nh gS ^[ky ds cpu lar
ifjiDo ekuk x;k gS ^^Hkjsm lqekul lqFky lg tSlsa*A oLrqr% lar vkSj lTtu ,d gh gSA
fFkjkuk] lq[kn lhr #fp pk# foHkh"k.k 'kj.kkxfr izlax esa izHkq us bu nksuksa
fpjkuk**A1@35@9 D;ksafd Å¡ps LFkyksa ij cjlk 'kCnksa dk gh iz;ksx fd;k gS&
gqvk fuFkjk ty gh d"kZ.k fØ;k ds }kjk fuFkj ^^vl ^lTtu* ee mj cl dSls] yksHkh ân; clS
dj vkSj NksVs NksVs >juksa izokgksa ds }kjk cgdj /ku tSls**A
rkykcksa esa igq¡prk gSA Bhd blh izdkj iwoZ tUe ^^rqEg lkfj[ks ^lar* fiz; eksjs] /kjm¡ nsg ufg vku
dk iq.;oku ln~xq.kh ^tho* gh lTtuksa ds ?kjksa fugksjs**A
esa tUe ysrk gSA ;gh ckr Jhxhrk esa Hkxoku vkSj ;gk¡ jketh ^lnxqu* gq;s] mUgsa Lo;a
Jhd`".k us dgh gS& ‘kadjth ds ikl tkuk iM+k vr% ^lnxqu lTtu
^^'kqphuka Jherka xsgs ;ksxHkz"Vks·fHktk;rsA ifga vkok*A ;ksa ogk¡ izlax esa bUgsa ¼fo".kq dks½
vFkok ;ksfxukeso dqys Hkofr ^^nw"ku jfgr ldy ^xqujklh*] Jhifr iqj cSdqaB
/kherke~**AA9@41&42 fuoklh**1@79@3 dgk Hkh x;k gSA
vFkkZr~ og iwoZ tUe dk ;ksx Hkz"V iq#"k 'kq) lfjrk ty tyfuf/k egq¡ tkbZ A gksb vpy
vkpj.k okys Jhekuksa ds ?kj esa vFkok Kkuoku ftfe fto gfj ikbZ AA
;ksfx;ksa ds dqy esa tUe ysrk gSA ;gka¡ lfjrk ¼fujUrj izogeku½ dk ty
lxq.kksikld vxk/k fla/kq esa tkdj gh foyhu gksrk gS tSls
lk/kdksa dh fLFkfr dgh gS tksfd Hkxor~ ‘kj.k ls
dksbZ thokRek 'kjhjkUr ds ckn Dys’k gj.k gfj
^fuFkj* x;kA
^ftfe lnxqu lTtu ifga vkok& dFkkØe ds dks ikdj vpy gks tkrk gS vFkkZr~ vkokxeu
vuqlkj ;gk¡ 'kSyjkt fgeokuth dks ^lTtu* ls eqDr gks tkrk gSA
dgk gSA muds ?kj tc lrhth us ikoZrhth ds ^lfjrk ty tyfuf/k egq¡ tkbZ& ^tyfuf/k* [kkjs
:i esa tUe fy;k rc Lo;eso lHkh fjf)&flf) leqnz dks dgk x;k gS ^^yhyfga uk?km¡ tyfuf/k
lEifÙk;ksa lfgr ogk¡ vk xbZ ^^tc rs mek lSy [kkjk** blds foijhr] fiNyh pkSikbZ esa rkykc
x`g tkbZ] ldy flf) lEifRr rg¡ ty ds fy;s ^lnxq.kh* lar lTtu dh mRizs{kk
NkbZ**1@94@7 vkSj ukjn eqfu ¼ln~xq.k½ Hkh dh xbZ FkhA pw¡fd rkykc ty eks{k :ih
muls feyus pys vk;s ^ûkfj lfgr êqfu* in tyfuf/k esa yhu ugha gksrk gSA vr% os
fl# ukok] pju lfyy lcq Hkouq flapkok**A lxq.kksikld HkDr gq;s] Li”V Hkk”kk esa ^êqdqfr
blesa ty dk i;kZ;okph ^lfyy* in Hkh gS fujknfj Hkxfr yqHkkus** okys gSaA tcfd
vkSj blds ûkok] flapkok* rqdkar Hkh ^lfjrk&ty* in eks{k dh dkeuk okys Kkuh
^rykok&vkok* ds leku gh gSA bl izdkj ds HkDrksa dk izrhd gSA blfy;s og fujUrj
rqdkar bl izlax esa vkxs Hkh cgqr gSaA tSls izogeku jg dj vUrr% tyfuf/k esa lek tkrk
ikoZrhth ds }kjk dM+h riL;k djus ds ckn Hkh gS ;gk¡ ^tyfuf/k* ijczã ijekRek dk |ksrd gS
tc Hkxoku f'ko ilhts ugha] lekf/k yxk;s cSBs ^^jke fla/kq ?ku lTTku /khjk* 7@119@17 ;gka
jgs rc Jhjketh 'kadjth ds ikl igq¡ps gaS ls gh ty :ih tho dh ;k=k izkjEHk gqbZ FkhA
^îzxVs jkeq d`rX; dìkyk] :ilhy fuf/k rst ^gksbZ vpy ftfe fto gfj ikbZ& ;gk¡ mYysf[kr
fclkyk**A vkSj izHkq us mUgsa ikoZrhth ls fookg ^fto* vkSj vU; txg of.kZr ^tho* in esa
djus ds fy;s cgqr le>k;k gS ^^cgqfcf/k jke lw{e vUrj gSA of'k"Bth us fp=dwV esa vkSj nks
pkj fnu #dus dh bPNk O;Dr djrs le; nksgk& gfjr Hkwfe rù ladqy leqf> ijfga
jketh ds le{k bu nksuksa inksa dk iz;ksx fd;k ufg iaFk A
gS&
ftfe ik[k.M ckn rsa xqIr gksfga
^îzku izku ds tho ds fto lq[k ds lq[k
jkeA lnxzaFk AA14AA
rqEg rft rkr lksgkr x`g ftUgfg frUgfg fcf/k ?kus r`.k&[kj&ikr ls ¼lqUnj lh½
cke**AA2@290 gfj;k;h gqbZ Hkwfe esa ixM.Mh ;k ekxZ le>
^tho* in LFkwy 'kjhj /kkjh ds fy;s vkSj ^fto* ugha iM+ jgs gSa tSls fd yqHkkous ik[k.Mokn ¼osn
in 'kq) cq) fueZy ^vkRek* ds fy;s iz;qDr fo#) feF;k /kekZpj.k½ ds iks"k.k ls lnxzaFk
gqvk gS ^^vkdj pkfj yPN pkSjklh] tksfu Hkzer
¼osn&iqjk.k&'kkL=½ Hkh yqIr gks tkrs gSa A
;g ^fto* vfcuklh**7@43@4A ;gk¡ ^fto* ls
^gfjr Hkwfe rù ladqy& vfHkizk; gS fd tSls
vfHkizk; ekrk ikoZrhth ls gSA
cjlkr ds dkj.k NkbZ gqbZ ;g rù l?kurk okyh
lfjrk dk rkRi;Z tks vuojr pyrk
gfj;kyh vkxs dh _rqvksa esa ugha jguh gS A
jgsA lIr _f"k;ksa us ekrk ikoZrhth dh ijh{kk
oSls gh ;e&fu;e&ozr vkfn ds ca/ku ls jfgr]
ysus ds mn~ns'; ls gh muds le{k Hkxoku f'ko
eu dks yqHkkus okys ik[k.Moknksa ds dkj.k tks
ds LFkku ij fo".kqth dk oj.k djus dk izLrko
lukru iaFk ;k lnxzUFk vHkh lw> ugha jgs gSa]
j[kk Fkk A ftldk n`<+rk ls fojks/k djrs gq;s
os le; ikdj iqu% izdV gks tk;sxaAs ekul ds
ekrk us dgk gS ^êsjh rks djksM+ tUekas rd ;gh
jpukdky ds le; Hkh blh izdkj dfYir /keZ
jxM+ ¼iz;Ru½ jgsxh ;k rks f'koth dks gh o:axh
^nhus&bykgh* dk izpkj&izlkj gqvk Fkk A vkt
ugha rks dqvk¡jh jgw¡xh**& ^^tUe dksfV yfx jxj
Hkh blh izdkj ds vusdkusd iaFk dqdjq eqÙks dh
gekjh] cjm¡ laHkq u r jgm¡ dqvkjh**1@80@5
rjg iSnk gksrs jgrs gSaA
izHkq us muds blh iz.k dks fufnZ"V djrs gq;s
^^dfy ey xzls /keZ lc yqIr Hk, ln~xzUFkA
dgk fd lfjrk dk ty rks tyfuf/k esa gh
nafHkUg fut efr dfYi dfj izxV fd, cgq
lek;sxk vFkkZr fxfjtkth ,oa Hkxoku f'ko ,d
iaFk**AA 7@97
nwljs ls vfHkUu gSaA n'kZu 'kkL= ds vuqlkj Hkh
^xqIr gksfga lnxzUFk& izHkqus ;gk¡ dkenso&ngu dh
ek¡ vEcs&Hkokuh lnSo Hkxoku uVs'oj ds v)kaZx
dFkk dgh gSA ,d le; tc nsoyksd ij
esa gh fLFkr jgrh gaSA ukjnth us blh rF; dk
rkM+dklqj us vkf/kiR; tek fy;k FkkA ml
lkaxksikax fu:i.k ekrk eSukorh ds le{k fd;k
le; lrhth dk Hkh nsgkUr gks pqdk Fkk vkSj
gS&
Hkxoku f'ko Hkh lekf/k esa cSBs gq;s FksA bldk
^^vtk vukfn lfä vfcukflfu] lnk laHkq
Qk;nk rkM+dklqj us mBk;k] mlus ojnku izkIr
vj/kax fuokflfuA
dj fy;k fd mldk fu/ku Hkxoku 'kadj ds
tx laHko ikyu y; dkfjfu] fut bPNk
vkSjl iq= ls gh gks ^^laHkq lqØ laHkwr lqr ,fg
yhyk ciq /kkfjfuA
thrb ju lksbZ**1@82A vr% iqufoZokg gsrq
tueha izFke nPN x̀g tkbZ] ukeq lrh laqnj ruq
'kadjth dks lekf/k ls txkuk vR;ko';d Fkk A
ikbZ**A1@97@3]4]5
blds fy;s nsoksa us dkenso ls izkFkZuk dh fd os
bl m)j.k ds vkSj lanfHkZr pkSikbZ ds
fookg gsrq 'kadjth ds g`n; esa jkx iSnk djsa
rqdkar ,d gSaA /;ku nsosa& izHkq dh vkfn&'kfDr
^îBogq dkeq tkbZ flo ikgha] djsS NksHkq ladj
Jhlhrkth ds fy;s fd;s x;s o.kZu dk vkSj ekrk
ekgha**A nsoksa dh izkFkZuk ij dkenso us _rqjkt
ikoZrhth ds fy;s fd;s x;s ¼mijksDr½ o.kZu dk
clar dks izxV fd;k ^îzxVsfl rqjr #fpj
;fn rqyukRed v/;;u fd;k tk;s rks vkidks
fjrqjktk] dqlqefr uo r# jkft fcjktk**A mlus
ekrk ikoZrhth dk o.kZu gh fo'ks"k feysxk A
viuh dkedyk ds izHkko dks bruk foLr`r fd;k
fd osn lEer lHkh ln~ekxZ yqIr gks x;s ^^xq: x`g i<+u x;s j?kqjkbZ] vyi dky
^^dksism tcfga ckfj pjsrw] Nu egq¡ feVs ldy fo|k lc ikbZ**A
Jqfr lsrw**A1@83@6 vkSj leFkZ tuksa dk foosd ;gk¡] Hkxoku 'kEHkw dks lekf/k ls txkus
Hkh vius lgk;dksa ds lkFk ihB fn[kk dj ds iz;kl esa Lo;a dkenso ds HkLehHkwr gks tkus
ln~xUz Fk :ih dUnjkvksa esa tk Nqik& ds ckn dk ?kVukdze of.kZr gSA Hkxoku 'kadj
^^Hkkxsm fccsdq lgk; lfgr lks lqHkV latqx dks 'kSytk ls fookg gsrq eukus ds fy;s ogk¡
efg eqjsA czãk] fo".kq lfgr lHkh nso
ln~xzUFk icZr danjfUg egq¡ tkb rsfg volj i/kkjs Fks ^^lc lqj fo"uq fcjafp lesrk] x;s
nqjs**A1@84Nan tgk¡ flo dìkfudsrk** igys gh dgk x;k gS fd
ladr s d ds vFkZ esa ^lnxzUFk* in nksgs vkSj vk/;kfRed n`f"V ls 'kfDr vkSj f'ko Hkh
mnkgj.k nksuksa esa gh gSA ;gk¡ ds iaFk vkSj lhrkjketh ds leku gh lnk vfHkUu gSaA
ik[k.Mokn ogk¡ feVs ^Jqfr lsrw* ds :i esa gS] ikoZrhth ^lnk laHkq vj/kax fuokflfu*1@97@3
,oa ^gfjr Hkwfe* ogkWa _rqjkt clar ds :i esa ekuh xbZ gaSA lEkLr txr ds ;s 'kk'or
of.kZr gSA ekrk&firk Hkh gSa ^^rqe ek;k Hkxoku flo ldy
nknqj /kqfu pgq fnlk lqgkbZ A csn i<+fga tuq txr firq ekrq**1@81@A vr,o bl loZfofnr
cVq leqnkbZ rF; ds dkj.k nsork yksx Hkxoku lnkf'ko ls
lh/ks fookg djus dh izkFZkuk Hkh ugha dj ldrsA
lHkh fn'kkvksa esagks jgh es<+dksa dh
vkSj mUgsa rkM+dklqj ls =k.k ikus ds fy;s
y;c) /ofu ,slh lqgk jgh gS fd yxrk gS 'kadjth dk vkSjl iq= Hkh pkfg,A vr% nsoksa us
osnk/;k;h czãpkjh ckyd vius vius leqnk; cPpksa ds leku gh izkFZkuk dh fd ge lc
ds osnksa dks lLoj i<+ jgs gksa A vkidk fookg Lo;a dh vk¡[kksa ls ns[kuk pkgrs
^nknqj /kqfu pgq fnlk lqgkbZ& ijEijkxr ^Jko.kh gSaA rkRi;Z gS fd lukru esa tc vkidk fookg
deZ* Jko.k iwf.kZek ds fnu gh gksrk gS vkSj bls gqvk Fkk og geus ns[kk ugha vc mls mRlo ds
rhuksa o.kksZa ds ;Kksiohr laLdkj lEiUu iq#"k :i esa ns[kuk pkgrs gSa&
tyk'k;ksa ds fdukjs tkdj djrs gSaA blh fnu ^^ldy lqjUg ds g`n;¡ vl ladj ije
ogha ij osnkpk;Z vkSj muds cVqd&fo|kFkhZ Hkh mNkgqA
vius&vius leqnk; ds osnksa ;Fkk 'kqDy ;tqosZn] ^fut u;ufUg* ns[kk pgfga ukFk rqEgkj
d`".k;tqosZn vkfn dh 'kk[kkvksa dk lLoj ikB fcckgqq**AA1@88
fd;k djrs gSaA mudk lLoj ikB dkuksa dks rks jketh bUgha lqjksa dks ^cVq leqnkbZ* dgk gSA
lqgkrk gS fdUrq lcdh le> esa ugha vkrk] bls ladr s d ds vFkZ esa ^lqj leqnkbZ* in tksfd
gh ^nknqj /kqfu* dh laKk nh xbZ gSA ;ksa Hkh mu 'kSyjkt fgeokuth ds ;gk¡ ls yXu if=dk vkbZ
fnuksa es<+dksa dh rku cgqr lqukbZ iM+rh gS& Fkh mlesa Hkh gS&
^îkol nsf[k jghe eu dksby lk/ks ekSuA ^^yxu ckfp vt lcfg lqukbZ] gj"ks eqfu lc ^lqj
vc nknqj oDrk Hk, gedks iwNr leqnkbZ**A1@90@7
dkSu**A uo iYyo Hk, fcVi vusdk A lk/kd eu
ôsn i<+fga tuq cVq leqnkbZ& Jko.kh ds fnu tl feysa fccsdk AA
gksus okys bl deZ ls lwfpr fd;k fd vkt
xzh"e ds yw FkisM+ksa ls lw[kdj tks o`{k
Jko.k iwf.kZek gSA lkFk gh f'k{kk nh xbZ gS fd
lukru laLd`fr dh j{kk ds fy;s oSfnd i)fr ikr ghu gks x;s FksA vc muesa ls vusd o`{kksa
vkSj o.kkZJe /keZ dk ikyu ckY;koLFkk ¼cVq ij u;s&u;s iRrs vk x;s] os iqu% gjs Hkjs gks
leqnkbZ½ ls gh gksuk pkfg,& x;sA tSls lk/kd ds eu dks ¼lnxq# dìk ls½
foosd dh izkfIr gksus ij mlesa ubZ 'kfDr vkSj laHkq Hkokuh* dgk x;k gSA vr% blds vuqlkj
u;s fopkj izLQqfVr gksus yxrs gSaA ;gk¡ ûo iYyo Hk,* esa dkfrZd;
s th ds tUe dk
ûo iYyo Hk, fcVi vusdk& ;gk¡ blesa lans'k o`rkUr dgk x;k gSA
gS fd le; ds FkisM+ksa dks lgus ls Loeso vdZ tokl ikr fcuq Hk;Å A tl lqjkt
lgu&'kfDr esa o`f) gksrh gS vkSj ;e fu;ekfn [ky m|e x;Å AA
dk ikyu djrs gq;s riL;k djus ls rst esa o"kkZ_rqesa tgk¡ vU; o`{kksa ij u;s&u;s
o`f) gksrh gS bls Hkjrth ds izlax esa ns[kk tk iRrs mx jgs gSa ogha enkj ¼vkd½ vkSj toklk
ldrk gS ^^nsg fnugq fnu nwcfj gksbZ] ?kVbZ rst
;s nksuksa >kM+ fcuk iRrksa ds gks x;sA tSls fd
cyq eq[k Nfc lksbZ**2@324@1A ;gk¡ ;g Hkh
lans'k gsS fd mfpr le; vkus ij izd`fr Lo;a lqjkT; esa [ky nq"Vksa dk m|e ;kusa mudh
Hkh dk;Z dks lk/kus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA Lo;a xfrfof/k;kaW lekIr gks tkrh gSaA
ns[k ysa ?kksj fo/kfeZ;ksa ds 'kkludky ¼15 oha ^vdZ tokl ikr fcuq Hk;Å& ^vdZ*¾vkd]
lnh½ esa gh HkfDrdky ds lokZsRd`"V larksa ;Fkk enkjA bldk iq"i 'kadjth dh iwtk esa p<+rk gS
dchjth] rqylhnklth] lwjnklth] ehjkckbZ] o vusd vkS"k/kh; xq.k j[krk gSA [kkstus okyksa
jghe [kku[kkuk] jl[kku bR;kfn dk mn~Hko dks bldh tM+ esa izkd`frd cuh cukbZ
gqvk gS tksfd vius vkiesa vn~Hkqr izek.k gSA Jhx.ks'kth dh vuqd`fr Hkh fey tkrh gS tksfd
^lk/kd eu tl feysa fccsdk& ;gkWa Hkxoku vR;Ur 'kqHk ekuh xbZ gSA toklk esa Hkh
f'koth ds fookgksijkar dk o.kZu gSA ^lk/kd* in vusdkusd vkS"k/kh; xq.k dgs x;s gSaA vk'p;Z dh
ekrk ikoZrh ds fy;s iz;qDr gqvk gS rks ckr gS fd ;s nksuks ikS/ks izd`fr ds fu;ekuqlkj
^fccsdk* Hkxoku f'ko dk |ksrd gSA ml izlax cjlkr esa gjs Hkjs gksus ds LFkku ij ikr jfgr
esa ;gkWa ds ladsrd ^fcVi* vkSj ^fccsdk* vkfn gks tkrs gSa] Bw¡B jg tkrs gSaA
ns[kus fey tk;sxsa ;Fkk ^^rsfg fxfj ij cV ikS/kksa ds blh vn~Hkqr xq.k ds ek/;e ls
^fcVi* fclkyk] fur uwru lqanj lc dkyk**A ^^vjFkq vfer vfr vk[kj Fkksjs**2@293@2 dh
ogkWa ekrk ikoZrh us Hkxoku f'ko dks xq# eku 'kSyh esa] jke tUe ds lHkh gsrqvkssa dk ¼dkj.kksa
dj ^rqEg f=Hkqou xqj csn c[kkuk* vkSj Lo;a dk½ ;Fkk t;&fot;] tyU/kj] #nzx.kksa vkSj
lk/kd ds leku f'k";k o nklh cudj ^nkl izrkiHkkuq ds }kjk jko.k cuusa dk] ;kus fd bu
eu dze cpu rqEgkjh* pkSng iz'u fd;s gSa& pkjksa xkFkkvksa dk lekos'k ek= ^vdZ&toklk*
^^vkSjm jke jgL; vusdk] dggq ukFk vfr vkSj rqdkarksa dh 'kSyh ^Hk;Å vkSj x;Å* ds
fcey ^fccsdk**1@110@3 }kjk gqvk gSA pw¡fd ekul dh jpuk LokUr
lkfgR; esa ûo iYyo* gksus dk lq[kk; dh xbZ gS vkSj i<+uk le>uk Hkh Lo;a
vfHkizk; gS larkuksRifÙk gksukA ekul esa Hkh f'ko xksLokehth dks gh gS] vr% mUgksaus xw<+kFkZ ‘kCn
fookg ds rRdky ckn gh "kM~onudqekj ¼'kkVZ gS.M Vkbi ladsr ‘kCn½ iz;qDr fd;s gSaSA
¼dkfrZd; s th½ ds tUe dk o.kZu gqvk gS& igys vdZ toklk esa t; fot; ds izlax dks
^^vkxe fuxe izfl) iqjkuk] "kUeq[k tUeq ldy ns[ksaA
tx tkuk**A1@102@8 ^toklk* dk ,d uke ^jksnuh* vFkkZr~ #ykus
bl lanfHkZr iafDr esa osnksa ¼vkxe½ dk mYys[k okyk Hkh gSA vkSj jko.k dk vFkZ Hkh #ykus
gqvk gS vkSj osnksa dks iqjk.kksa esa vkfn&iq#"k :ih okyk ^jksn;fr bfr jko.k%* gksrk gSA bu nksuksa
isM+ ds iÙks dgk x;k gsS ^Nankfl ;L; i.kkZfu {kqiksa esa voxq.kksa ls Hkh vkS"k/kh; xq.k vf/kd gSa
;Lra osn l osnfor~* Jhxhrkth15@1A rks vr,o tuksi;ksxh gSaA vkSj t;&fot; dks Hkh
Hkxoku 'kadj dks Hkh vf[kys'oj îwts fjf"k gfj dk fiz; dgk x;k gS ^^}kjiky gfj ds fiz;
vf[kysLoj tkuh*A1@47@2 ;k ^txr ekrq firq nksÅ] t; vkSj foTk; tku lc dksÅ**A bUgsa
^^rhfu tue f}t cpu izokuk**1@122@1 ^^fca/;kpy xHkhj cu x;Å] e`x iquhr cgq ekjr
djds rc cSdq.B yksSVuk gSA blhfy, bu Hk;ÅA 1@155@4
ikS/kksa dks Hkh îkr fcuq Hk;Å* dgk x;k rkRi;Z lqfu eghi rkil cl Hk;Å] vkiu uke dgu
gS fd dqN le; ds fy;s Jhghu gq;s gSa u”V rc y;ÅA1@162@7
ugha gq;sA iqfu izHkq dqaHkdju ifga x;Å] rsfg fcyksfd eu fcle;
laLd`r esa tya/kj tyksnj ds jksx dks Hk;Å**A1@176@6
dgrs gSaA ftl izdkj vf/kd o"kkZ ds dkj.k ^tl lqjkt [ky m|e x;Å& HkkokFkZ ds
enkj&toklk ds iRrs xy tkrs gSa mlh izdkj vuqlkj rks bls jko.k c/k ;k fgj.;k{k]
mnj esa ikuh tek gks tkus ls tyksnj dk jksxh fgj.;d';i] ;k tya/kj ds o/k ds ckn dh
Hkh ej.kklUu gks tkrk gSA êkul jksx* esa dgk lqfLFkfr eku ldrs gSaA ijUrq ;gk¡ ^lqjkt* in
gS ^r`"uk mnjc`f) vfr Hkkjh*7@120@36A bl ds }kjk lqj$jkt ;kus bUnz vkSj LoxZ ds jkT;
izdkj ^toklk* in vkSj rqdkUrksa ds lkE; }kjk dh vksj ladr s fd;k x;k gS A t;&fot; vkSj
tya/kj ds pfj= dh vksj ladr s fd;k x;k gS& tya/kj dh dFkk dgus ds ckn Hkxoku f'ko us
^^rgk¡ tya/kj jkou Hk;Å] ju gfr jke ije in ûkjn Jki nhUg ,d ckjk* dh dFkk dgh gSA
n;Å**A1@123@2 ftlesa ukjnth dh izxk<+ lekf/k yx tkus dh
^vdZ* dk laLd`r esa ,d vFkZ iwtk djus ;ksX; ppkZ gSA ftlds dkj.k bUnz dks viuk jkt
gksrk gSA vkSj ^vdZ* in ;gkWa blh vFkZ esa tkrk gqvk yxk ^êqfu xfr nsf[k lqjsl Msjkuk**A
iz;qDr Hkh gqvk gSA vlqjkf/kifr tya/kj dh vkSj mUgksaus dkenso vkSj jEHkkfn vIljkvksa ds
iRuh lrh oÙnk ds lrhRo ds dkj.k tya/kj dk ek/;e ls ukjnth dh lekf/k rksM+us dk iz;kl
pfj= Hkh ikou ekuk x;k gSA ^îje lfr vlqjkf/ki ;kus ^m|e* fd;k ^dhUgsfl iqfu iziap fcf/k
ukjh] rsfg cy rkfg u ftrfga iqjkjh**1@122@7 tya/kj ds ukuk* fdUrq ^cM+ j[kokj jekifr tklw* vFkkZr~
jko.kkorkj esa dqEHkdj.k dkSu cuk bldk bZ'oj vuqdEik ls ukjnth ij mudk m|e ugha
mYys[k ugha gSA ijUrq dqEHkdj.k ds lax gq;s pyk ^^dkedyk dNq eqfufg u C;kih] fut Hk;¡
;q) esa ^vdZ* in vk;k gS& ^êqj;ksu euq ruq Mjsm euksHko ikih**A1@125@7 ;gk¡ dkenso dks
Vj;kS u Vkj;ks] ftfe xt ^vdZ* Qyfu dks ekj;ks** ¼euksHko½ ikih dgk x;k gSA vkSj mijksD r esa
6@64@9A ^[ky* in bUnz vkSj dkenso nksuksa ds fy;s gh
vdZ¾enkj esa 'kadjth ds #nzx.kksa ds iz;qDr gqvk gSA dFkk izlax esa Hkh bUnz dks
vorkj vuqlkj dk mYys[k Hkh lek;k gqvk gS ^lB* vkSj ^tM+* inksa ls foHkwf"kr fd;k x;k gS&
enkj ds iq"i 'kadjth dks fiz; gS ;g lHkh ^^lw[k gkM+ yS Hkkx ^lB* Loku fujf[k
tkurs gSa A blfy;s bUgsa Jko.k ekl ds ikfFkZo e`xjktA
iwtu esa fo'ks"k dj p<+k;k tkrk gSA vkSj ;s Nhfu ysb tfu tku ^tM+* frfe
iq"i Hkh Jko.k ekg ds var rd gh miyC/k lqjifrfg u yktAA1@125
gksrs gSaA vkSj #nz x.k ls cuk jko.k Hkh Hkxoku [kkstr drgq¡ feyb ufga /kwjh A djb Øks/k
f'ko dks viuk eLrd lqeu dh Hkk¡fr dkV dj ftfe /kjefg nwjh AA
p<+krk Fkk ^^tku mekifr tklq lqjkbZ] iwtsm
?kksj o"kkZ ds dkj.k leLr Hkwfe
tsfg flj lqeu p<+kbZ**6@24@2A
bl v)kZyh ds ^Hk;Å&x;Å* vkSj tyIykfor gS blfy;s [kkstus ij Hkh dgha /kwy
blls feyrs tqyrs rqdkarksa ds }kjk izrkiHkkuq o ugha feyrh gS tSls Øks/k /keZ dks nwj dj nsrk
vfjenZu ds jko.k dqEHkdj.k cuus dh dFkk dk gSA
fuokZg Hkh fd;k x;k gS ;Fkk& ^[kkstr drgq¡ feyb ufga /kwjh& ekul esa /kwjh
¼/kwyh] jt½ dks uhp dgk x;k gS ^^xxu p<+b
^jt* iou izlaxk] dhpfga feyb uhp ty ^^y[ku dgsm g¡fl lqugq eqfu ^Øks/k* iki dj
laxk** 1@6@9 ;k ^^ykrgq¡ ekjsa p<+fr flj ewyA
uhp dks ^/kwfj* leku**2@9 rc iz’u mBrk gS tsfg cl tu vuqfpr djfga pjfga fcLo
fd ;gk¡ /kwyh ds lax /keZ dh miek D;ksa nh izfrdwy**AA1@277
xbZ\ bldk gy <w<+us esa gesa ;g jgheth dk fdUrq] izHkq vHkh ;gk¡ ukjn&eksg&izlax
nksgk enn djsxk& gh lquk jgs gaSA ukjnth esa ogk¡ Øks/k dk tSlk
^^/kwfj /kjr fur lhl iS] dgq jghe dsfg mn~HkV osx] ns[kus feyrk gS oSlk ij'kqjketh esa
dktA rks D;k] lEew.kZ ekul esa Hkh dgha vkSj ns[kus esa
tsfg jt eqfu&iruh rjh] lks ^<w<+r* ugha feysxkA Øks/k ds o'khHkwr gksdj muds fn;s
xtjkt**AA Jki ds dkj.k gh izHkq dks jkekorkj xzg.k djuk
izHkq }kjk ;gk¡ tks dFkk dgh xbZ mlesa iM+k ^^capsgq eksfg tofu /kfj nsgk] lksb ruq
Hkh bl izdkj dh /kwyh ¼jt½ dk ;kus HkfDr dk /kjgq Jki ee ,gk**A1@134@8 vkSj #nzx.kksa
iw.kZr;k vHkko gS blhfy;s ;gk¡ ^[kkstr* in
dks Hkh Jki ds dkj.k gh jko.k dqEHkdj.k
yxk gSA ekul esa ^[kkstr* in blds iwoZ dbZ
cuuk iM+k ^^cs"kq fcyksfd Øks/k vfr ck<+k]
ckj vk;k gS vkSj lHkh txg Jhlhrkth ds
frUgfg ljki nhUg vfr xk<+k**1@134@8A
lUnHkZ esa gh iz;qDr gqvk gS ;Fkk&
foxr pkSikbZ dh Vhdk esa mudh lekf/k yx
^^,fg fcf/k ^[kkstr* fcyir Lokeh] eugq¡ egk fcjgh
tkus dh ppkZ Fkh ^^lqfejr gfjfga Jki xfr
vfr dkeh**A ^îwfu lhrfg ^[kkstr* }kS HkkbZ] pys
ck/kh] lgt fcey eu ykfx
fcyksdr cu cgqrkbZ**A3@32@4 bl dk.M ds
izkjEHk esa Hkh ladr s fd;k x;k gS lek/kh**A1@124@4 vkSj ;gk¡ mUgksaus Øks/kkoLFkk
^^lhrUos"k.krRijkS ifFkxrkS** vkSj vkxs Hkh esa izHkq dks ,slh ,slh [kjh&[kksVh lqukbZ gS fd
Jhlhrkth ds fy;s gh vk;sxk ^^tudlqrk dgq¡ lkjh e;kZnkvksa dk mYy?kau gks x;k] ckn esa
[kkstgq tkbZ**5@21@7A ekul ds erkuqlkj mUgksaus Lo;a ekuk gS ^êSa nqcZpu dgs cgqrsjs]
dksbZ [kkstus ;ksX; gS rks dsoy Jhlhrkth gh gSa dg eqfu iki fefVfga fdfe esjs**1@137@4
D;ksafd os gh lk{kkr~ HkfDr gaS vkSj HkfDr o rkRi;Z gS fd mudh dqN le; ds fy;s izHkq ds
'kkfUr dh izkfIr ds fy;s os gh fueZy efr iznku izfr HkfDr gh frjksfgr gks xbZ FkhA blh dks
djus okyh Hkh gSa ^^tklq dìk fujey efr ^^djb dzks/k ftfe /kjefg nwjh** dgk gSA
ikom¡**1@17@8 vkSj Hkjrth tSls lar Hkh ;gk¡ blesa ,d vfHkizk; vkSj Hkh gS]
budh pj.k dke dks thrus ds ckn tc ukjnth Jhgfj ls
/kwyh dks ldy lqeaxy iznku djus okyh tM+h feyus {khj flaa/kq x;s rc ogk¡ pkjksa vksj nw/k gh
¼cwVh½ ekurs gsaS& nw/k Fkk ^^Nhj fla/kq xous eqfu ukFk] tg¡ cl Jhfuokl
^^y[kufga HksafV izukeq dfj flj /kfj fl; in JqfrekFk**1@127@4A vkxs Hkh o.kZu vk;k gS ^^dksm
^/kwfj*A dg i;fuf/k cl izHkq lksbZ**1@184@2A
pys lizse vlhl lqfu ldy lqeaxy pw¡fd ml {khj fla/kq ds vkl&ikl ty
ewfj**AA2@318 ;k /kwy ds d.k Fks gh ugha vr% ^[kkstr drgq¡
^djb Øks/k ftfe /kjefg nwjh& bl iafdr dks feybZ ufg /kwjh* ds }kjk ml izlax dh vksj Hkh
i<+rs gh izFke izfrfØ;k esa vkos'kkorkj /;kukdf"kZr fd;k x;k gSA
Jhij'kqjketh dk Lej.k gks vkrk gSA D;ksafd {khj fla/kq esa izHkq dk fuokl dguk
Øks/k ds dkj.k gh y{e.kth o ij'kqjketh esa lkfHkizk; gSA pwWafd ty esa dke dk ckl dgk
îj'kqjkeh* gqbZ Fkh vkSj vUrrksxRok y{e.kth x;k gSA blhfy;s dkenso dks ckfjpj dsrq]
typj dsrq] euflt] ehudsrq vkfn dgk tkrk
dks dguk Hkh iM+k &
gSA vkSj dke dk izHkko Hkh ty vkSj mlds dgs tkus dk HkkSxksfyd dkj.k rks pkjksa vksj
inkFkksZa ij gh vf/kd iM+rk gSA dke ngu /kkU; :ih gfj;kyh dk Nk tkuk gh FkkA ^/kwjh*
izlax esa o.kZu Hkh gS ^ûnh mefx vacqf/k dgq¡ :ih Hkwnsoh gh
/kkbZ] laxe djfga rykc rykbZ**1@84@2A vkSj Jh/kkU; :ih lEiUurk esa :ikf;r gks mBh gS
ukjnth ds xoZ gj.k gsrq izHkq us tks 'khyfuf/k vr% ^lfl lEi™k lksg efg dSlh* dgk x;kA
jktk dk uxj clok;k Fkk] og Hkh vkt dh oLrqr% ekul] Hkkxor] xhrk vkfn xzUFk
osful uxjh ds leku loZ= ty ij gh clk ¼vius J)kyqvksa ds fy;s½ ea=or~ ykHknk;h gSA
gqvk FkkA ogk¡ lHkh txg ty gh ty Fkk blhfy;s budk iBu&ikBu fujUrj pyrk jgrk
^^cnu nh[k eqfu ^ckfj fugkjh** vFkok ^îqfu gSA okYehfd jkek;.k ds ekgkRE; esa o.kZu gS fd
ty nh[k :i fut ikok] rnfi ân; larks"k u osn rqY; jkek;.k dk ikB djus ls nsoksa dh
vkok**1@135@1A ;gk¡ Hkh ty ¼dke½ dh 'kfDr c<+rh gS] o"kkZ Bhd gksrh gS] i`Foh
vf/kdrk gS vkSj HkfDr :ih /kwyh dk vHkko gSA /ku /kkU; ls lEiUu gksrh gS] ns'k o jkT;
vr% ^[kkstr drgq¡ feyfg ufga /kwjh* dgk gSA fufoZ?u pyrs gSa] xkS czkã.k izlUu vkSj fuHkZ;
;gk¡ ^djb Øks/k ftfe /kjefg nwjh* esa uhfr dgh jgrs gSa&
xbZ gSA Jhxhrkth esa Hkh dgk gS fd Øks/k ls ^^dkys o"kZrq itZU;% i`fFkoh 'kL; 'kkfyuh
vR;Ur ew<+ Hkko mRiUu gksrk gS vkSj Le`fr ns'kks·;a {kksHk jfgrks
Hkz”V dj mldk iru gks tkrk gS& czkã.kk% lUrq fuHkZ;k%**A
^^Øks/kkn~Hkofr lEeksg% mijksDr Qykns'k dks gh ;gk¡ ^^lfl
lEeksgkRLe`frfoHkze%A lEiUu lksg efg dSlh** ds }kjk ewrZ fd;k x;k
Le`frHkza’kkfn cqf)uk’kks cqf) gSA vkSj ^midkjh* in esa Hkh dkeukvksa dh iwfrZ
uk’kkRiz.k’;fr**AA2@63 dk vk'oklu fn;k gSA ;g ^midkjh* in ek¡
lfl lEiUu lksg efg dSlh A midkjh dS vUuiw.kkZ ds fy;s iz;qDr gqvk gS& ^^/kU; /kU; fxfjjkt
laifr tSlh AA dqekjh] rqEg leku ufg dksm ^midkjh** 1@111@6A igys gh
dgk gS fd ekul gfj dh izsj.kk ls dyec)
izHkq us iz'u fd;k fd ygygkrs /kkU; ls
gqvk gSA vkSj ;gk¡ rks Lo;a izHkq gh pkrqekZl ds
lEi™k vFkkZr lqtyka lqQyka 'kL;&';keyke~ ls izoDrk Hkh gSa A fQj ekul ds fojpf;rk
ifjiw.kZ ;g efgeke;h /kjrh dSlh 'kksHkk;eku gks xksLokehth dks Hkxoku f'ko dk ojngLr Hkh
jgh gSA y{e.kth us vknj ls dgk tSls midkjh izkIr gS blhfy;s bldk ,d ,d v{kj lkcj
iq#"k dh lEifÙk ¼ijksidkj dk;Z esa yxdj ea=ksa ds leku l|&Qynk;h gksrk gSA mUgksaus
lq'kksfHkr gksrh gSA½ lfl¾'kL;] lL;] [ksrh] Lo;a dgk gS fd ;g dFkk ^êqn eaxy ewyk**
djus okyh gS&
/kkU;A
^^dfy fcyksdh tx fgr gj fxfjtk]lkcj ea=
^lfl lEiUu lksg efg dSlh& ik= lq;ksX; gks
tky ftUg flfjtkA
rks i`Foh dke/ksuq ou vk'kqQynk;h gks tkrh gS
vufey vk[kj vjFk u tkiw] izxV izHkkm
^^Hkwi izrkiHkkuq cy ikbZ] dke/ksuq eSa Hkwfe
egsl izrkiwA
lqgkbZ**A ;kas rks i`Foh ds xHkZ esa
lks mesl eksfg ij vuqdwyk] dfjfg dFkk êqn eaxy
Lo.kZ&eqDrk&ef.k&ekfud vkfn ds [ktkus Hkjs gSa
ewyk**A1@14@5&7
fdUrq mldh lcls cM+h lEifÙk /kkU; gh ekuh
^midkjh dS laifr tSlh& dFkk ds Øekuqlkj
xbZ gSA blfy;s jkejkT; esa /kjrh lnSo
;gk¡ euq'kr:ikth dk o`rkUr lquk;k x;k gSA
/ku&/kkU; ls ifjiw.kZ jgrh Fkh ^^lfl lEiUu
bl /kjrh ij ge lc ekuo nsgh mUgha dh
lnk jg /kjuh] =srk Hkb d`rtqx dS djuh**
larku ¼[ksrh½ gS ^^Lok;aHkw euq v# lr:ik]
7@22@6A fiNyh v)kZyh esa ^feyb ufg /kwjh*
ftUg rsa HkS ujl`f"V vuwik** 1@141@1 muds oLrqr% lw;Z pUnz rkjs bR;kfn
}kjk fojfpr] /keZ U;k;&lekt vkfn ds fu;eksa vius&vius izdk'k ls laLkkj dks vusdksa izdkj
dks izfrikfnr djus okyk êuq Le`fr 'kkL=* ls ykHkkfUor djrs gSaA fdUrq tSls ik[kf.M;ksa ds
vkt Hkh lalkj dk midkj dj jgk gS vkSj yksd&iqf"ir vkpj.k ls lekt dk dksbZ Hkyk
mruk gh izkalfxd cuk gqvk gS ftruk fd ml ugha gksrk gS oSls gh tqxu q qvksa ds izdk'k ls Hkh
le; FkkA ^^naifr /kje vkpju uhdk] vtgq¡ lalkj dk dksbZ Hkyk ugha gksrk gS blhfy;s bUgsa
xko Jqfr ftUg dS yhdk**A euqth us gh izHkq ls] ^fcjktk* ¼'kksHkk;eku gksuk½ ;k naHkh dgk x;k
izHkq ds leku gh larku dh ekax djds bl gSA lhrkth us nEHkh jko.k dks Hkh blh [k|ksr
jkekorkj dh uhao j[kh Fkh ^^pkgm¡ rqEgfg dksfV esa j[kk gS&
leku lqr izHkq lu dou nqjkm**A ;gk¡ ^^lquq nleq[k ^[k|ksr* izdklk] dcgq¡ fd ufyuh djb
^midkjh dS* ,oa euq ’kr:ikth esa ^ftUg dS fcdklk**5@8@7
yhdk* bu nksuksa inksa esa ^dh* ds LFkku ij ^dS* ^tuq nafHkUg dj feyk lektk& izHkq us ;gk¡
dk iz;ksx vR;Ur vknj lwpd gsS] vkSj ;g n`"VkUr jko.k dk u nsdj jktk izrkiHkkuq]
ladr s lw= ds :i esa Hkh iz;qDr gqvk gSA nwljk ,druq eqfu vkSj dkydsrq fu'kkpj bu rhu dk
^laifr* in Hkh iq= ekaxus dh Hkwfedk esa vk;k ¼lektk½ fn;k gSA budh HksaV vkSj okrkZyki
gS ^^tFkk nfjnz fccq/k r# ikbZ] cgq ^laifr* jkf= ds ?kksj vaf/k;kjs esa gh gq;h Fkh ^^fulk ?kksj
ekxr ldqpkbZ **A1@148@5 ^lksg* in ds xaHkhj cu iaFk u lqugq lqtku**A1@159 blh
LFkkukiUu ^lksgfg] lqgkbZ&lqgk,* vkfn in Hkh dk ladr s ^fufl re ?ku* esa fd;k gSA ;gk¡ dk
ogk¡ gSaA ;gk¡ ds ladr s &lw= izrkiHkkuq ds pfj= diVh eqfu ^,d ruq* tks fd dHkh jktk Fkk
esa Hkh gSa D;ksafd bl jkekorkj ds gksus esa os Hkh fdUrq izrki Hkkuq ls ;q) gkjdj] og ml Xykuh
,d ?kVd gSaA ds ekjs taxy esa udyh riLoh ds ckus esa vk
fufl re ?ku [k|ksr fcjktk A tuq nafHkUg fNik&
dj feyk lektk AA ^^x;m u x`g eu cgqr xykuh] feyk u
jktfg uì vfHkekuhA
jkf= ds xgu va/kdkj vkSj cknyksa ds
fjl mj ekfj jad ftfe jktk] fcfiu clbZ rkil ds
dkj.k gh tqxu q w 'kksHkk ik jgs gSa ekuks lktk**1@157@4 mijksDr esa tks ^,d ruq* gsS
nEHkh&ik[kf.M;ksa dk lekt&lEesyu gks jgk gksA og Lo;a gh viuk jkt [kks cSBk gS ogh ;fn
[k|ksr¾tqxu q w izrkiHkkuq dks lkS dYiksa rd dk] ,d N= vkSj
^fufl re ?ku [k|ksr fcjktk& oLrqr% tqxquw 'k=q jfgr i`Foh ij jkT; djus dk vk'khokZn
izdk'k dk izseh ugha gSA vkSj u gh mlds izdk'k nsos ^^,d N= fjiqghu efg jkt dyi lr
ls] pkan flrkjksa ds leku] txr dk fgr gh gksm** 1@164A rks blls cM+k naHk&ik[k.M
gksrk gSA cfYd mldh iw¡N ls ful`r izdk'k Lo;a vkSj D;k gksxk\ blfy;s ;gk¡ ^^nafHkUg dj feyk
mlds fy;s Hkh vi;kZIr ekuk x;k gSA oSKkfud lektk** dgk gSA
rF; gS fd tqxu q w dks izdkf'kr gksus ds fy;s jkf= ,druq dk ijefe= dkydsrq fu'kkpj
ds izxk<+ vU/kdkj&^re* ds lkFk&lkFk es?kkPNUu Hkh egkdiVh vkSj vR;Ur Øks/kh gS ^^rkil
vkdk'k&^?ku* ;kus vknZzrk dh Hkh vko';drk uìfg cgqr ifjrks"kh] pyk ¼dkydsrq½ egkdiVh
gksrh gS] blfy;s ^fufl re ?ku [k|ksr fcjktk** vfrjks"kh** ;g Hkh mruk gh nEHkh gSA jktk
dgk x;kA ,sls okrkoj.k dk l`tu izk;% Hkknzin izrkiHkkuq us mlds lkS iq= vkSj nl Hkkb;ksa dks]
dh vekoL;k ¼d`".ki{k½ ds fnuksa esa Lor% gks tksfd vR;Ur nq"V vkSj vt; nsoksa dks Hkh nq[k
tkrk gSA vLrq xksLoehth us bl ds }kjk nsus okys Fks] ekj Mkyk Fkk ^^rsfg ds lr lqr
Hkknzin dh vekoL;k dh vksj ladr s fd;k gSA v# nl HkkbZ] [ky vfr vt; nso nq[knkbZ** A
^îzFkefg Hkwi lej lc ekjs**A dkydsrq rks mUgsa egko"kkZ ds dkj.k [ksrksa dh D;kfj;k¡
gh ugha cpk ik;k FkkA ;s nksuksa gh izrkiHkkqu dks QwVdj ikuh ds lax gh cg xbZA tSls LorU=
efV;kesV djus esa yxs gSa] pw¡fd izrkiHkkuq dk
gksus ls fL=;k¡ fcxM+ tkrh gSaA
HkkX; gh foijhr gS&
êgk c`f"V pfy QwfV fd;kjha& ;gk¡ bZ'oj iznÙk
^^Hkj}kt lquq tkfg tc gksb fo/kkrk oSHko ;k lEiUurk dk LoPNUn miHkksx gh
ckeA egko`f"V gSA lekt vkSj ifjokj gh [ksr gSaA
/kwfj es#le tud te rkfg C;kyle _f"k eqfu;ksa ds lqfpUru ls tks e;kZnk,a fuf'pr
nke**AA1@175 gqbZ gSa os gh D;kfj;ka gSaA tgk¡ euqth egkjkt
blhfy;s dkydsrq dk jpk gqvk "kM~;U= lQy dk jkT; lq[kksa dks R;kx dj ouxeu djuk&
jgkA mlus ,slh ek;ke; jlksbZ cukbZ fd tks ^^cjcl jkt lqrfg rc nhUgk] ukfj lesr xou
ijkslus ds le; rks lcdks vUu ds cus C;atu cu dhUgk**A1@142 ;k n'kjFkth dk jketh dks
tSlh gh fn[kykbZ iM+s ^^gS cfM+ gkfu ^vUu* ;qojkt cukus dh dkeuk djuk&
tfu [kkgw** ijUrq dqN nsj ckn ek¡l esa ifjorZu ^ûkFk jkeq dfjvfga tqcjktw] dfgv dìk dfj
gks tk;s ^^Hk;m jlksbZa Hkwlj ek¡lw] lc f}t mBs dfjv lektw**A 2@3@2 ;s mnkgj.k LoLFk
ekfu fcLoklw**A lkFk gh vkeaf=r czkã.kksa dks ijEijkvksa esa ls gaS A ogha izrkiHkkuq dk lkS
^d`f=e vkdk'kok.kh* ds }kjk HkM+dk dj] jktk dYiksa rd viuk gh jkt cuk;s j[kus dh
izrkiHkkuq dks Jki fnyok fn;kA blh Jki ds dkeuk djuk ^^,d N= fjiq ghu efg jkt
dyi lr gksm** ;k jko.k dk vej gksdj ^^ge
dkj.k gh jktk dks jko.k cuuk iM+k&
dkgw ds ejfga u ekjs**1@176@4 leLr lalkj
^^dky ikb eqfu lquq lksb jktk
dks d"V nsuk ^^Hkqtcy fcLo cL; dfj jk[ksfl
¼izrkiHkkuq½] dksm u lqra=**1@182A vkSj vusdkusd fL=;ksa
Hk;m fulkpj ¼jko.k½ lfgr ls tcju fookg djuk ^^thfr cjh fut ckgqcy
lektk**1@175@1A cgq lqanj cj ukfj**A1@182 ls lc LosPNkuqdy w
'kkL= esa ^vfr loZ= otZ;sr~* dgk x;k fd;s x;s vkpj.k gh ^^QwfV fdvkfj;ka** gSaA
gSA vkSj jktk izrkiHkkuq esa ;g nks"k loZ= ^ftfe lqra= Hk, fcxjfg ukjh& foxr pkSikbZ dh
fn[kykbZ iM+rk gSA lcls igys dgk x;k ^îztk ^[k|ksr* okyh miek jko.k ds fy;s Fkh rks ;gk¡
iky ^vfr csn fcf/k** vkxs vk;k gS fd mUgksaus dh ^lqra= ukjh* okyh miek mldh cfgu nq"V
,d ,d ;K dks gtkj gtkj ckj fd;k ^^ckj ân; vkSj lfiZ.kh LoHkko okyh lwiZ.k[kk ds fy;s
lgL= lgL= uì fd, lfgr gS ^^lwiu[kk jkou dS cfguh] nq"V ân; nk#u
vuqjkx**A1@155A blds lkFk gh os vk[ksV ij tl vfguh**3@16@3A lwiZ.k[kk dk fookg
Hkh fudyrs gSa rks lekt dks ysdj ds ^ê`x;k dkyds; iq= fo|qn~ftg~o ds lkFk gqvk FkkA ftl
dj lc lkft lektk**A ;kus fgalk ds Hkh izseh le; jko.k leLr l`f"V dks vius ,dkf/kdkj
gSA bu lcls Åij] os fof/k ds fo/kku ds esa djus esa yxk Fkk ^^czãl`f"V tg¡ yfx ruq
/kkjh] nleq[k clcrhZ uj ukjh**A1@181@12
fo#)] lSdM+ksa dYiksa rd ds fy;s Lo;a dk gh
ml le; mldk fo|qn~ftg~o ls fojks/k gks x;k
,d N= jkT; pkgrs gSa ^^,d N= fjiqghu efg
vkSj jko.k us Øks/k esa mldk o/k dj MkykA
jkt dyi lr gksm**A1@164 bUgha lc dkj.kksa fdUrq ckn esa] jko.k dks lwiZ.k[kk ds fo/kok gks
ls ^^tuq nfHkUg dj feyk lektk** dgk x;k A tkus dk cgqr nq%[k Hkh gqvkA mlus mls [kj
egkc`f"V pfy QwfV fdvkjha A ftfe lqra= nw"k.k ds laj{k.k esa tuLFkku ¼n.Mdkj.; ou½
Hk,Wa fcxjfga ukjha A dk jkT; ns fn;k tgk¡ lwiZ.k[kk u dsoy
LosPNkpkfj.kh gks xbZ cfYd nqjkpkfj.kh Hkh gks
xbZA Hkq'kqf.Mth us mlds LosPNkpkj dh ^^flo prqjkuu tkfg Msjkgha] vij tho dsfg
ijkdk"Bk dk o.kZu bu 'kCnksa esa fd;k gS& ys[ks ekgha**A7@70@8
^^Hkzkrk firk iq= mjxkjh] iq#"k euksgj fuj[kr ^ftfe cq/k rtfga eksg en ekuk& izHkq us ;gk¡
ukjh**A jko.k] dqEHkdj.k vkSj foHkh"k.kth dks fn;s x;s
gksb fcdy ld eufg u jksdh] ftfe jfcefu nzo jfcfg fcyksdh** ojnkuksa esa tks prqjkbZ czãkth vkSj 'kadjth us
3@16@5]6 ns[kk tk;s rks lwiZ.k[kk dk ;g cjrh Fkh] iz;ksx esa ykbZ Fkh] mlh dk n`"VkUr
ve;kZfnr O;ogkj gh jko.k ds ijkHko dk eq[; fn;k gSA ^cq/k* in ‘kadjth ds fy;s iz;qDr fd;k
dkj.k cukA u gh og dqfRlr Hkkouk ls gS] os czãkth ds lkFk oj nsus x;s Fks ^êSa czãk
jkey{e.kth dks NsM+us tkrh] u gh mlds ukd fefy rsfg cj nhUgk** jko.k iw.kZr% vej gksuk
dku dVrs] u gh mldk cnyk ysus jko.k lhrk pkg jgk Fkk ^^ge dkgw ds ejfga u ekjs** fdUrq
gj.k djrk vkSj u gh mlds ifjokj dk uk’k mlls uj okuj dh NwV djokbZ xbZ ^^ckuj
gksrkA euqt tkfr nwb ckjs**1@176@4A dqEHkdj.k dk
d`"kh fujkofga prqj fdlkuk A ftfe cq/k MhyMkSy ns[kdj czãkth dks viuh l`f"V 'kh?kz
rtfga eksg en ekuk A A lekIr gksrh yxh ^^tkSa ,fg [ky fur djc
[ksr esa mx vk;s ?kklikr dks prqj vgk:] gksbfg lc mtkfj lalk#**A vr%
fdlku ftl rRijrk ls fujkrs ¼fudkyrs½ gSa] ljLorhth }kjk mldh cqf) Hkzfer djkbZ xbZ
vkSj mlus N% ekg tkxus dh txg N% ekg dh
oSls gh Kkuh /;kuh if.Mr yksx ân; esa
uhan ekax yh&
vadfq jr gks vk;s eksg&en&eku dks ltxrk ls ^^lkjn izsfj rklq efr Qsjh] ekxsfl uhan ekl
R;kx nsrs gSa A "kV dsjh**1@176@8A êksg&en&ekuk*& ;s rhu
^d`"kh fujkofga prqj fdlkuk& ;gk¡ 'kCnkFkZ ls in bUgha rhu HkkbZ;ksa dks ifjyf{kr djds dgs
fufgrkFkZ fHkUu gS vkSj xw<+ HkhA bldk cks/k x;s gaSA fou; if=dk esa jko.k dks eksg vkSj
djkus ds fy;s gh ^d`f"k* 'kCn dks nh?kZ ^d`"kh* dqEHkdj.k dks vgadkj ¼en½ dgk Hkh gSA êksg
in esa izLrqr fd;k gSA pkSikbZ dh lksyg ek=kvksa n'kekSfy] rnHkzkr vgadkj] ikdkfjftr dke
ds LFkku ij ;gk¡ lÙkjg ek=k,a gSaA ;fn d`f"k foJkegkjh* fo058@4A eku¾vfHkeku] ukjnth
dks y?kq j[krs rks dfork Hkh lqanj jgrhA [kSj] ds izlax esa ns[kk gS fd izHkq dks vfHkeku ilUn
ljljh n`f"V ls ns[kk tk;s rks ;g izlax ukjn ugha gSA Hkq’kqf.Mth us Hkh jketh ds LoHkko ds
eksg ls lEcfU/kr yxrk gSA D;ksafd ukjnth ds fy;s dgk gS fd os vius Hkä dk vfHkeku
ân; esa Hkh xoZ eksg :ih isM+ vadfq jr gks x;k jgus gh ugha nsrs ^^lugq jke dj lgt lqHkkÅ]
Fkk vkSj ftls izHkq us m[kkM+k Hkh gS& ^^mj tu vfHkeku u jk[kfga dkÅ**7@73@5 fdUrq
vadqjsm xjc r# Hkkjh] csfx lks eSa MkfjgmWa HkDrx.k Lo;a esa HkfDr ds izfr lkfRod
m[kkjh**A1@128@5 fdUrq ;gk¡ ^fdlkuk* in vfHkeku gksuk Lohdkj djrs gSaA lqrh{.kth us
cgqopu esa gS vkSj ogk¡ ukjnth dk xoZ r# Lo;a jketh ds le{k ekuk gS&
m[kkM+us esa izHkq vdsys FksA ;gk¡ ij ek= rhu ^^vl ^vfHkeku* tkb tfu Hkksjs] eSa lsod j?kqifr ifr
nks"k eksg&en&eku dh gh ppkZ gSA vkSj ogk¡ eksjs**A3@10@21 vkSj foHkh"k.kth Hkh tUetkr~ fo".kq
ukjnth esa nks"k dk izos'k vfHkeku ls gqvk Fkk Hkxr gSa&
^ûkjn dgsm lfgr vfHkekuk**A vkSj blds ckn ^ûke foHkh"ku tsfg tx tkuk] fc"uq Hkxr fcX;ku
rks muesa dke] Øks/k] yksHk] en] eksg ekRl;Z fu/kkuk**A1@175@5 vr% êkuk* in buds fy;s
vkfn lHkh nks"k vk x;s FksA oLrqr% ;gk¡ ^prqj* lVhd iz;qDr gqvk gSA
in ls jketh dk ladr s pkj eq[k okys czãkth nsf[kvr pØckd [kx ukgha A dfyfg ikb
dh vksj gS&
ftfe /keZ ijkgha AA
pØokd ;kus pdok@i{kh vkdk'k esa ldy nlkuu ik,** blh dks ^nsf[kvr pdzckd
fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgs gSaA tSls ?kksj dfydky dks [kx ukgha* ds }kjk n’kkZ;k gSA
^dfyfg ikb ftfe /keZ ijkgha& ;gk¡ ^dfyfg
ikdj /keZ nwj pys tkrs gSsa] Hkkx tkrs gSa A
ikb* in ds }kjk jko.k dh vksj ladr s fd;k gS
^nsf[kvr pØckd [kx ukgha& pØckd ;kus
vkSj ;g vViVk lk îkb* in mldk ladr s d
pdok dks gh lq[kkZc dgrs gaSA ;s izR;{k ns[kus
gS& ^^dky îkb* eqfu lquq lksb jktk] Hk;m fulkpj ¼jko.k½ lfgr
esa ugha vkrs gSaA oLrqr% budk vfLrRo dsoy
lektk**1@171@1A blh izdkj ^/keZ* vkSj îjkgha* Hkh
lkfgR; esa gh gS blhfy;s dgkor gS fd lq[kkZc
ladr s d gSaA vkSj ;s in jko.k ds izlax esa
ds ij ugha gksrsA xksLokehth dk vk’k; Hkh ;gh
vusd ckj iz;qDr gq;s gSaA ^/keZ ijkgha* ls rkRi;Z
gS fd pØokd i{kh ns[kus esa ugha vkrkA pdksj
gS fd jko.k ds }kjk iksf"kr vkSj lefFkZr Hkz"V
pkrd jkt g¡l vkfn Hkh blh Js.kh ds if{k;ksa
vkpj.k ;Fkk&
esa vkrs gSaA ekul esa bUgsa fofp= ty i{kh
^^ti tksx fcjkxk ri e[k Hkkxk Jou lqub
ekuk x;k gS vkSj oLrqr% bUgsa xq.kksa ds
nllhlkA
izrhdkRed vFkZ esa iz;qDr fd;k gS& ^^lqd`fr lk/kq uke
vkiquq mfB /kkob jgS u ikob /kfj lc ?kkyb
xqu xkuk] rs fcfp= ty fcgx lekuk**1@36@11 ^lqd`fr* dk
[khlkAA
'kkfCnd vFkZ gS iq.;dehZ vkSj ;gk¡ rkRi;Z
vl Hkz"V vpkjk Hkk lalkjk ^/keZ* lqfuv
lafpr iq.;ksa ds dkj.k LoxZ esa clus okys
ufga dkukA
bUnzkfn nsorkx.kksa ls gSA Hkjrth dks ikyu drkZ
rsfg cgqfcf/k =klb nsl fudklb tks dg csn
fo".kq dk vorkj ekuk x;k gS ^^fcLo Hkju
iqjkuk**AA1@183@Nan
iks”ku dj tksbZ] rkdj uke Hkjr vl
buds dkj.k ml le; =srk;qxhu xq.k /keZ yqIr
gksbZ**1@196@7 vkSj buds fy;s Hkh pdos
gks x;s vkSj dfydky ds ¼vo½ xq.k /keksZa dk
¼pØokd½ dh miek iz;qDr gqbZ gS&
cksyckyk gks x;kA dfy ds xq.k /keZ ds fy;s
^^laifr pdbZ ^Hkjrq pd* eqfu
ns[ks ekul mÙkjdk.M nksgk 97 ls 102 rdA
vk;l [ksyokj**A2@215A
;gk¡ pØokd dh miek nsoksa dks] ftuesa Å"kj cj"kb rù ufga tkek A ftfe
dqcsjth Hkh vkrs gSa] nh xbZ gS vkSj n`"VkUr esa gfjtu fg;Wa mit u dkek AA
izHkq us jko.k }kjk yadk gLrxr djus okyk {kkj ;qDr Hkwfe ¼Ålj½ ij o`f"V lcds
izlax lquk;k gSA igys yadk nsokf/kifr bUnz dh leku gh gksrh gS fdUrq ogk¡ r`.k ¼frudk½ rd
Fkh vkSj ogk¡ dqcsjth vkSj muds ,d djksM+ vadfq jr ugha gksrk gSA tSls fd gfj HkDrksa ds
lSfud jgk djrs Fks& ^^vc rg¡ jgfg lØ ds
ân; esa dkekfn nks"k ugha mitrs gSa A
izsjs] jPNd dksfV ^tPN* ifr dsjs**A ojnku ikrs
^Å"kj cj"kb rù ufga tkek& ekul ds izkjEHk
gh jko.k us vius vR;kpkj dk loZ izFke
esa gh o"kkZ _rq dks HkfDr vkSj o"kkZ ds ty dks
f'kdkj vius HkkbZ dqcsjth dks gh cuk;kA
HkDrksa ¼nkl½ ds fy;s fgrdkjh dgk gS&
;{kifr dks yadk ls vius izk.k cpkdj Hkkxuk
^^cj"kk fjrq j?kqifr Hkxfr rqylh lkfy
iM+k&
lqnkl**A1@19 vkSj
^^nleq[k drgq¡ [kcfj vfl ikbZ] lsu lkft x<+
^^cj"kfga jke lqtl cj ckjh] e/kqj euksgj
?ksjsfl tkbZA
eaxydkjh**A1@35@4 vr% ;gk¡ ^Å"kj* ls rkRi;Z
nsf[k fcdV HkV cfM+ dVdkbZ] ^tPN* tho yS
HkfDrghu vkSj ân;ghu izk.kh ls gSA lkxj
x, îjkbZ**A 1@178@3&4 nksuksa dks Hkh lqes#
fuxzg izlax esa Jhjketh us ^Ålj* dh rqyuk
dh [kksgksa esa ‘kj.k ysuh iM+h ^^nsoUg rds es#
Øks/kh vkSj dkeh ds lkFk dh gS ^^Øksf/kfg le
fxfj [kksgk** LoxZ nsoksa ls lwuk gks x;k ^^lwus
dkfefg gfj dFkk] ^Ålj* cht c,¡ Qy
tFkk**A5@57@4 vkSj vHkh dgk x;k Fkk ^dzks/k voLFkk esa pys x;s Fks rc oLrqr% dkenso ls
djb ftfe /keZfg nwjh* ;gk¡ vfHkizk; gS fd tho mudh j{kk izHkq us gh dh Fkh&
:ih cht dks Hkxor~ dìk :ih ty rks lcds ^^dke dyk dNq eqfufg u C;kih] fut Hk;¡ Mjsm
leku gh feyk gS ijUrq mldh Hkwfe Ålj Fkh] euksHko ikih**A
;kus fd dke] lhe fd pk¡fi ldb dksm rklw] ^cM+ j[kokj jekifr
Øks/k ;qDr Fkh vr% izLQqfVr ¼Åxuk] teuk] tklw**AA1@125@7&8
foHkwf”kr gksuk½ ugha gqvkA ;gk¡ ds ^cj"kbZ* Hkko ;gk¡ dFkkdze esa ^gfjtu* ls izHkq dk
dks xksLokehth us eanksnjh&jko.k ds laokn esa ,d vfHkizk; foHkh"k.kth vkSj eanksnjh ls Hkh ftUgsa
dVk{k ds }kjk vkSj lqLi"V fd;k gS & dFkk esa Hkh fo".kq&Hkxr vkSj loZxq.k lEiUu
^^Qwyb Qjb u csr tnfi lq/kk dgk gS&
^cjlfga* tynA ^ûke fcHkh"ku tsfg tx tkuk] fc"uq Hkxr
ew#[k ân; u psr tkaS xqj feyfga fcX;ku fu/kkuk** vkSj ^ê; ruqtk eanksnfj
fcjafp le**AA6@16 ukek] ije laqnjh ukfj yykek**1@177@2A
vFkkZr&;|fi es?k ve`r lk ty o"kZ.k eanksnjh izkr% Lej.kh; iap dU;kvksa esa gS&
djrs gsa fdUrq ck¡l fQj Hkh Qwyrk ugha vkSj u ^^vfgY;k nzksinh lhrk rkjk êanksnjh* rFkkA
gh mlesa Qy yxrs gSa vkSj ew[kZ ds fg;s esa Hkh iapda uk LezsfUuR;a egk ikrd
Kku ugha mit ldrk Hkys gh mls xq# ds :i uk’kue~**AA
esa czãk gh D;ksa u fey tk¡;A bu lcdk bu nksuksa ds ân; es dkekfn fodkj dHkh ugha
vfHkizk; gS fd jko.k dqEHkdj.k dk dqy :ih vk;sA izHkq us bUgsa ^lenjlh bPNk dNq ukgha*
cht mÙke iqyLR; dqy dk gSA mu ij Hkxor~ vkSj ^lquq yadl s ldy xqu rksjs* tSls inksa ls
dìk :ih es?k ls ve`r o"kkZ Hkh vÙ;qÙke gqbZ] uoktk gSA HkDr ân; foHkh"k.kth us vius esa
pjkpj dks thr fy;k ^^tkds cy yoysl rsa dqN ^ckluk* ekuh gS ^mj dNq izFke ckluk
ftrsgq pjkpj >kfj**A5@21 fdUrq mudh ân; jgh* ijUrq og Hkh muesa jgh ugha] izHkq n'kZuksa
:ih Hkwfe fo’ks”kdj jko.k dh foiz Jki ds ls cg xbZ îzHkq in izhfr lfjr lks cgh*
dkj.k Ålj {kkj gSA vr,o ogk¡ HkfDr dk r`.k 5@48@6A
ek= Hkh izLQqfVr ugha gqvkA dFkkØe dk ^mit* fcfc/k tarq ladqy efg Hkzktk A iztk ck<+
ladrs d ogk¡ ^mits* in ds ds :i esa ;gh ftfe ikb lqjktk AA
dgkuh dg jgk gS&
o"kkZ _rq ds izHkko ls mRiUu ;k ikuh
^^mits* tnfi iqyLR;dqy] ikou vey
vuwi A dh ck<+ ds dkj.k vius [kksg fcyksa dks R;kx
rnfi eghlqj Jki cl Hk, ldy dj ckgj fudy vk;s gq;s] Hkk¡fr&Hkk¡fr ds
v?k#i** AA1@176 tUrqvksa ¼{kqnz izkf.k;ksa½ dh Hkkjh HkhM+ Hkwfe ij
^ftfe gfjtu fg;¡ mit u dkek& ^gfjtu* dk O;kIr gS tSls vPNs jktk ds jkT; esa iztk c<+
rkRi;Z gS tks gj izdkj ls izHkq dh gh 'kj.k tkrh gSA
jgsA izHkq ds 'kCnksa esa ^^Hktfga ts eksfg rft ^fcfc/k tarq lady
q efg Hkzktk&
ldy Hkjkslk** izHkq us ukjnth ls dgk tks esjs ^Hkzktk*¾'kksHkk;ekuA ;gk¡ ds ^Hkzktk* vkSj
ij Hkjkslk djrs gSa mudh j{kk ek¡ ds leku ^lqjktk* in fp=dwV izlax esa Hkh vk;s gSa ^^jke
djus dk mÙkjnkf;Ro esjk gS ^^djm¡ lnk frUg ckl cu laifr Hkzktk] lq[kh iztk tuq ikb
dS j[kokjh] ftfe ckyd jk[kb lqjktk**2@234A okLrfod jke jkT; dh
egrkjh**3@42@5A vkSj ukjnth tc lekf/k LFkkiuk rks jko.k o/k ds ckn v;ks/;kth esa gqbZ
gSA fdUrq izHkq ds Jhopukuqlkj ^^firk nhUg
eksfg dkuu jktw** bl le; os ogk¡ b{okdq oa'k ty Iykou ds dkj.k ;k=k vla H ko
ds oujkT; ds jkT;kf/kdkjh ds :i esa gSaA vr% gks tkus ls tgk¡ & rgk¡ vus d
j?kquUnu jktkjketh tc fp=dwV esa fcjkteku
ifFkd&;k=hx.k Fkd&gkjdj Bgj x;s gS a A
Fks rc muds lalxZ ek= ls ogk¡ tUe tkr oSj
j[kus okys Hkh oSj Hkko Hkwy x;s ^^c;# fcgkb tS l s bfUnz ; lew g vUr%dj.k es a Kku mit
pjfg ,d laxk**A vkSj vc izHkq izo"kZ.k fxfj tkus ij fo"k;ks a dh ;k=k ls fuo` Ù k gks
ij Nk;s gq;s gSaA vr% lHkh izdkj ds tUrq ¼{kqnz tkrk gS ;kus iz H kq ds vkJ; ij fLFkj gks
izk.kh½ Hkh vkilh oSj dks Hkqykdkj ;gk¡ tkrk gS A
fojkteku gSaA pw¡fd lHkh tho vkSj {kqnz tUrq Hkh ^tg¡ rg¡ jgs ifFkd Fkfd ukuk& v/;kRe
izHkq ds gh mitk;s gq;s gSa] mUgsa fiz; Hkh gSa ^^lc dh n` f "V ls ;gk¡ euq " ; ns g h iz k Ir
ee fiz; lc ee mitk,** vr% izHkq us mUgsa thokRek gh ifFkd gS A vkS j Fkdus ls
^Hkzktk* ;kus 'kksHkk;eku dgk gSA vfHkiz k ; tjk voLFkk ls ;kus vleFkZ gks
îztk ck<+ ftfe ikb lqjktk& fp=dwV ds vkSj tkus ls gS A fdUrq dFkkØe ds vuq l kj
;gk¡ ds izlax esa eq[; Hksn iztk dk gSA ogk¡ iz H kq us ;gk¡ îfFkd* in lw ; Z pUnz e k
fp=dwV esa fcfp= [kx e`xksa ds os"k esa lqj eqfu lfgr lHkh fnDikyks a ds fy;s iz ; q D r fd;k
vkSj fl) HkDrx.k gh iztk gS ^^fciqy ^fcfp= gS A jko.k us u ds o y budh xfrfof/k;k¡
fcgx* e`x ukuk] iztk lekt u tkb ¼ia F k&ekxZ ½ gh vo#) dj nh Fkh& ^^jfc
c[kkuk**2@235@2 ekul :id esa bu fofp= lfl iou c#u /ku /kkjh] vfxfu dky
fogaxks dks ¼if{k;ksa vkSj e`xksa dks½ lqj&eqfu vkSj te lc
HkDr gh dgk x;k gS ^^lqd`rh lk/kq uke xquxkuk] rs ^fcfp= vf/kdkjh] fda u j fl) euq t lq j ukxk]
ty fcgx* lekuk**1@136@11A fdUrq ;gk¡ ij ck<+ ls gfB lcgh ds iaF kfg
f?kj dj vk;s gq;s rqPN tarqvksa dks] {kqnz izkf.k;ksa ykxk**1@181@10&11 cfYd lHkh
dks] iztk dgk x;k gSA ikBdksa dks fdlh izdkj yks d ikyks a dks ca n hx` g es a ykdj Mky fn;k
dk Hkze u gksos blfy;s blds lax tkucw> dj ^^jkou uke txr tl tkuk] ^yks d i*
^tho* 'kCn dk ¼tho tarq ts xxu mM+kgh½ tkds a ca n h[kkuk** 6@89@4A
iz;ksx ugha djds rqPN ^tUrq* in dgk gS vkSj ^ftfe baf nz; xu mits X;kuk& /;ku ns x s a
;gk¡ dk ^ck<+* in Hkh gekjs fy;s ladr s d gSA rks ;g ^xu* in vfrfjDr lk yxs x kA
^fcfc/k tarq* ls egkizHkq dk vfHkizk; jko.k dh oLrq r % bl ^ba f nz ; xu* in ds }kjk
j{klaLd`fr ¼jk{klh½ ds rys ,df=r mPNa`[ky] bUnz k fn lHkh ns o x.kks a dh vks j la d s r fd;k
pksj] tqvkjh] yaiV] MdSr] L=h pksj bR;kfn ls x;k gS ^^ba f nz U g lq j Ug u X;ku
gS ftudh ml le; ^ck<*+ lh vk xbZ Fkh& lks g kbZ * *A7@117@75 jko.k ds fuR;iz f r
^^fur uwru lc ^ck<+r* tkbZ] ftfe izfr ykHk yksHk ds =kl ls Fkd gkj dj bu ns o ks a us ]
vf/kdkbZ**1@179@2 RkkRdkfyd mik; ds :i es a ] mldh
^ck<+s* [ky cgq pksj tqvkjk] ts yaiV ij/ku v/khurk Lohdkj dj yh& ^^vk;lq djfga
ij nkjk**A1@183@1 ^lqjktk* blfy;s dgk fd ldy Hk;Hkhrk] uofga vkb fur pju
yadk ij dCtk djus ds ckn mles vius fcuhrk**A Jhguq e kuth egkjkt tc
vuq;kf;;ksa dks lqO;ofLFkr clk;k gS ^^tsfg tl ukxik'k es a ca / ks jko.k njckj es a igq W a p s rks
tksx ck¡fV x`g nhUgsa] lq[kh ldy jtuhpj mUgks a u s Hkh bu fn'kkikydks a dks gkFk tks M + s
dhUgsa**A1@178@7 [kM+ s gh ik;k& ^^dj tksjsa lqj fnfli fcuhrk]
tg¡ rg¡ jgs ifFkd Fkfd ukuk A ftfe Hk`dfq V fcyksdr ldy lHkhrk**A5@19@7
bafnz; xu mitsa X;kuk AA
nksgk& dcgq¡ izcy cg ek#r tg¡ rg¡ es?k jgs ifFkd Fkfd ukuk** vkSj jko.k ls
fcykfga A lEcfU/kr lHkh izlaxksa esa] fo'ks"k dj yadkdk.M
esa ^tg¡ rg¡* vusdksa ckj ns[kus dks feysxk&
ftfe diwr ds mits dqy l)eZ
^^j?kqifr dVd Hkkyq dfi tsrs] ^tg¡ rg¡* izxV
ulkfga AA15¼d½ nlkuu rsrs]
dHkh&dHkh cM+s tksjksa ls ok;q ns[ks dfiUg vfer nllhlk] ^tg¡ rg¡* Hkts
¼fouk'kdkjh&ek#r½ cgus yxrh gS ftlls es?k Hkkyq v# dhlk** 6@95@3 vkSj nsoksa ds va'k
tgk¡&rgk¡ xk;c gks tkrs gSaA tSls dqiq= ds iSnk ls mits okuj jhN Hkh jko.k o/k ds fy;s gh
gks tkus ls ¼iqj[kksa ds }kjk ti&rikfn ls vorfjr gq;s gSa vr% ogkWa Hkh ^tg¡ rg¡* in
cgqrk;r ls gaS& ^^fxfj dkuu ^tg¡ rg¡* Hkfj
vftZr½ dqy ds ln~/keZ Hkh ¼fcuk Qy fn;s½
iwjh] jgs fut fut vuhd jfp #jh**A
u"V gks tkrs gSa vFkkZr~ diwr dh dj.kh ls 1@187@5A
vftZr iq.; ykHk Hkh cwM+ tkrs gSa A ês?k fcykfga* in ds }kjk o"kkZdky dh lekfIr
^dcgq¡ izcy cg ek#r& o"kkZ_rq ds le; izd`fr dk Hkh ladr s fd;k gSA izopuksa dk izkjEHk
esa tks&tks ifjorZu gksrs gSa Bhd mlh vuq:i ^cj"kk dky es?k uHk Nk,* ls gqvk Fkk vkSj ;gk¡
vkSj mlh Øe esa bl izkd`r jke@f’ko pfjr rd 59 pj.k gq;s gSaA vr% nks pUnz ekl ds
ekul dk l`tu gqvk gSA xksLokehth }kjk 59 fnu gq;sA dFkkØe ds vuqlkj ;gkWa ês?k*
dyec) jkepfjr rks Hkxoku f'ko dk ekul in ds }kjk jko.k iq= es?kukFk dh vksj ladr s
gS ^^jfp egsl fut ekul jk[kk** fdUrq ;g rks gS ^ês?kukn dgq¡ iqfu gaWdjkok] nhUgha fl[k cyq c;#
jkepUnzth ds ân; dk niZ.k gSA ml c<+kok**A1@181@1 A
¼f'kojfpr½ esa jketh ds izfr ^ftfe diwr ds mits& ^diwr* dh miek izHkq us
vxk/k J)k gS rks bl jkejfpr esa ^^flo jko.k ds fy;s gh iz;qDr dh gSA lqfo[;kr _f"k
leku fiz; eksfg u nwtk**6@1@1 dh Li"V Nki iqyLR; dk ukrh gksus ds mijkUr Hkh mlus
ns[kus dks feyrh gSA blesa dkO; dkS'ky Hkh vius ikikpkjksa ds }kjk vius gh dqy dks
vekuoh; ijkdk"Bk ij igq¡pk gqvk gSA tSls dyafdr fd;kA blfy;s ^dqy l)eZZ ulkfga**
fd] o"kkZ _rq o.kZu dh pkSikb;ksa ds rqdkar vkSj dgk x;k&
lEcfU/kr izlaxksa dh pkSikb;ksa ds rqdkarksa dk ,d ^^mits tnfi îqyLR; dqy* ikou vey
leku feyuk] ;gk¡ dh pkSikbZ esa iz;qDr vuwiA
vf/kdka'k 'kCnksa dks Hkh ml izlax esa ik;k tkuk] rnfi eghlqj Jki cl Hk,
vkSj rks vkSj ;fn bu nksuksa esa fdlh Hkko dk ldy v?k :iAA1@176
vUrj gks rks og Hkh mruk gh Li"V gks tkuk] Jhguqekuth us Hkh jko.k dks dqy
brus ij Hkh xk;d dh y;c)rk esa Hkh dHkh u dyafdr u djus dh psrkouh nh gS& ^^fjf"k
vkus nsuk] ;g lc dk;Z dnkfi ekuo d`r ugha iqyfLr tlq fcey e;adk] rsfg lfl egq¡ tfu
gks ldrsA bl nksgs esa jko.k ds }kjk fd;s x;s gksgq dyadk**5@22@2A y{e.kth us rks mls
vR;kpkj&Hkz"Vkpkj dk mYys[k gqvk gSA pw¡fd Li"V dqy?kkrh gh dgk gS ^^jkou dj nhtgq ;g
izd`fr O;fDr ds lkeF;Z ls lnk izcy jgh gS ikrh] yfNeu cpu ckpq ^dqy?kkrh**A5@51@8
vr% ^fcykfg* dh txg ogk¡ eq[; izlax esa vkSj rks vkSj mldh /keZiRuh eanksnjh us Hkh mls
îjkbZ* gS& dqy lagkjd gh ekuk gS&
^^rs lueq[k ufga djfga yjkbZ] nsf[k lcy fjiq tkfg ^^jke fceq[k vl gky rqEgkjk] jgk u dksm dqy jkso
îjkbZ**A1@180@6 fugkjk**6@103@10
^tg¡ rg¡ es?k fcykfga& ;gkaW ^tg¡&rg¡* in
ladr s d gS] fiNyh pkSikbZ esa Hkh Fkk ^^tg¡&rg¡*
nksgk&dcgq¡ fnol eg¡ fufcM+ re dcgq¡d ^^lqj eqfu xa/kckZ fefy dfj lckZ xs fcajfp
izxV irax A ds yksdkA
lax xksruq /kkjh Hkwfe fcpkjh ije
fculb mitb X;ku ftfe ikb dqlax
fcdy Hk; lksdk**AA
lqlax AA15¼[k½ fdUrq czãkth us Hkh viuh vleFkZrk trk nh&
dHkh&dHkh fnu esa gh ?kuk vU/kdkj Nk ^^czãk lc tkuk eu vuqekuk eksj dNw u
tkrk gS vkSj Hkqou HkkLdj lw;Z Hkh dHkh dHkkn clkgh**1@183@NanA mu lcdh bl grk'kk dks
gh izdV gksrs gsaSA oSls gh dqlax dks ikdj Kku gh ;gk¡ ^^dcgq¡ fnol fufcM+ re** ds }kjk
fou"V gks tkrk gS vkSj ogh ân;LFk Kku iqu% n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
^fculb mitb X;ku ftfe& czãkth us leL;k
lqlaxfr ikdj mfnr gks tkrk gSA
dk funku rks lq>k;k ^^tk dfj rSa nklh lks
^dcgq¡ fnol eg¡ fufcM+ re& ^dcgq¡* in
vfcuklh gejsm rksj lgkbZ**A fdUrq rc ubZ
vfu'p; okpd fØ;k gSA vfHkizk; gS fd bl
leL;k mith fd mu izHkq dks [kkstk dgk¡ tk;s \
le; ?kuk va/kdkj ugha gS fdUrq ,slh fLFkfr
dksbZ dg jgk Fkk fd cSd.q Biqjh pyk tk;s] rks
o"kkZ _rq esa dHkh dHkkj gks tk;k djrh gSA
fdlh dk dguk Fkk fd os gh izHkq {khj lkxj esa
pw¡fd Jhjketh Lo;a gh izdk'kd gSa vkSj txr
fuokl djrs gSa ^îqj cSdaB q tku dg dksbZ] dksm
esa izdk'k Hkh muds dkj.k gh gS] os gh ek;k/kh'k
dg i;fuf/k cl izHkq lksbZ**1@184@2A ml
vkSj Kku xq.k ds fu/kku Hkh os gh gSa&
lHkk esa muds lax Kku?kkV ds vkpk;Z Hkxoku
^^txr izdkL; izdkld jkew ek;k/khl X;ku
'kadjth Hkh mifLFkr FksA mUgksaus le>k;k fd
xqu /kkew**1@116@7 vkSj îrax* ¼lw;Z½ dh
foifÙk dks gjus okys Hkxoku ^gfj* rks lc
miek Hkh bUgha dks nh xbZ gS& ^^mfnr mn;
txg leku :i ls O;kIr gSa vkSj os izse ls
fxfj eap ij j?kqcj cky îrax**1@254A vr%
iqdkjus ij ogha izdV gks tkrs gSa&
buds le{k va/kdkj ;k vKku dh fLFkfr dHkh
^^rsfg lekt fxfjtk eSa jgsÅ¡] volj ikb
cu gh ugha ldrh vkSj u gh izo"kZ.k ioZr ds
cpu ,d dgsÅ¡
izopuksa ds e/; dHkh ,slh fLFkfr cuhA pw¡fd
gfj C;kid loZ= lekuk] izse rsa îzxV* gksf g eSa
;gk¡ o"kkZdky ds ?kuhHkwr
tkuk**A1@184@5
va/kdkj esa vkSj jko.k ds pfj= esa lkeatL;
;gk¡ ds ^lax* vkSj îzxV* tks ladr s d gSa
izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA blfy;s bu nksuksa nksgksa esa
os ogk¡ izlax esa vusdksa ckj iz;qDr gq;s gSaSA rFkk
^dcgq¡* vkSj ^dcgq¡d* vfu’p;okpd in iz;qDr
bl in ^dcgq¡$d izxV irax* ¼lw;Z½ esa lw;Zoa'kh
gq;s gSaA
JhjkepUnzth ds izkdV~; dk Hkh Hkko gS ^^Hk,
izLrqr nksgs esa] izHkq us jko.k ds
îzxV* dìkyk nhun;kyk dkSlY;k fgrdkjh**A
vR;kpkjksa ls ifj=k.k ikus gsrq tks czã&lHkk gqbZ
frfFk x.kdksa ds vuqlkj vkt Hkknzin
Fkh] ftlesa /kjk ¼Hkwfe½ ds lax&lax nso] eqfu]
'kqDy iwf.kZek gS D;ksafd vxyh iafDr ;kus vxys
xa/kcZ vkSj czãk o Hkxoku 'kadj Hkh mifLFkr
fnu ds izopu esa ^^cj"kk fcxr ljn fjrq
Fks] ml dFkk dks dgk gSA jko.k ls =Lr gksdj
vkbZ** ds }kjk 'kjnkxeu ¼vkf'ouekg½ lwfpr
loZizFke Hkwfe gh nsoksa ds ikl viuh Qfj;kn
fd;k x;k gSA
ysdj igq¡ph Fkh ^^/ksuq :i /kfj ân;¡
fcpkjh] xbZ rg¡ tg¡ lqj eqfu >kjh**A cj"kk fcxr ljn fjrq vkbZ A yfNeu
fdUrq fdlh ds fd;s dksbZ mik; ugha cuk ^^dkgw ns[kgq ije lqgkbZ AA
rs dNq dkt u gksbZ** rc lc czãkth ds ikl gs y{e.k ! ns[k jgs gks] o"kkZ _rq chr
x;s& xbZ vkSj ije lqgkouh 'kjn _rq dk vkxeu
gks x;k gS A vFkkZr~ Jko.k&HkknkS ;s nks ekl izHkq Jhlhrkth dh lqf/k u feyus rd fo"kknxzLr
dFkk&izopu esa O;rhr gks x;s vc vkf'ou ekg gh cus jgsA fdUrq ekul ds o.kZukuqlkj rks
Li”V gS fd Jhjketh us lhrkth ds fojg dk
¼fir`&i{k½ izkjEHk gks x;k gS A
ukVd dsoy ukjnth ds iEikljksoj
^cj"kk fcxr ljn fjrq vkbZ& ^fcxr* ls izHkq
i/kkjus rd gh tkjh j[kk Fkk ^^fcjgoar
dk vfHkizk; gS fd ;gk¡ rd eSusa tks ?kVuk Øe
Hkxoarfg ns[kh] ukjn eu Hkk lksp fcls"kh**A
lquk;k gS] og vrhr ;k foxr ds o`Ùk&fp= ds
vkSj mudh izHkq ls HksaV Hkh ije izlUukoLFkk esa
:i esa izLrqr fd;k FkkA oLrqr% blds ckn rks
gh gqbZ gS ^^cSBs ije izlUu dìkyk] dgr
izHkq Lo;a gh vorfjr gks x;sA ns[kk tk;s rks
vuqt lu dFkk jlkyk**A 3@40@4A oLrqr%
bl jkepfjr ekul dh izLrqfr Hkh ^¶ys'k csd*
Vhdkdkj izHkq ds f[kUu eu dks n'kkZus okyh bu
esa gh gqbZA ogk¡ ;kKoYD;th us ekul ds izkjEHk
nks iafDr;ksa ;Fkk& ^îV mj ykb lksp vfr
esa gh ;kus Hkxoku 'kadj vkSj lrh ds izlax esa
dhUgk**4@4@6A vkSj ^^fiz;k ghu Mjir eu
gh] lhrk&gj.k vkSj jko.k&pfj= lquk;k gSs
eksjk** ds dkj.k gh Hkzfer gksrs gsaSA ftudk
^^,fg fcf/k Hk, lksp cl bZlk] rsgh le; tkb
lek/kku ogha Vhdkvksa esa n'kkZ fn;k x;k gS A
txnhlk**A dfj Nyq ew<+ gjh cSnsgh] izHkq izHkko
îje* vkSj ^lqgkbZ* ;s jke vorj.k ds
rl fcfnr u rsgh**1@48@5 /;ku nsaxs rks bls
ladr s d gS A jke tUe dk iwjk izlax gh ^^pj
n'kkZus ds fy;s gh izHkq us o"kkZ ds izkjEHk esa
v# vpj g"kZtqr jke tue lq[kewy**1@190
^yfNeu ns[kq* ¼ns[kks½ dgk FkkA vkSj vc
ije lqgkouk Fkk A ogk¡ îje* vkSj ^lqgkbZ* in
orZeku dky esa] vFkkZr~ Lo;a ds vorfjr gksus
cgqrk;r ls feysaxs ;Fkk& ^^dhtS fllqyhyk vfr
ds ckn dk o.kZu gsS vr% ^yfNeu ns[kgq* ¼ns[k
fiz;lhyk ;g lq[k îje* vuwik**] ^^lqfu fllq
jgs gks½ dgk gS A
#nu îje* fiz; ckuh*] îjekuUn iwfj eu
bl pkSikbZ esa leqPp; cks/kd ;kus
jktk*] ^vo/kiqjh ^lksgb* ,fg Hkk¡fr**]
dSls&tSls] tl&rl] ftfe&tuq bR;kfn 'kCn
^îjekuUn izselq[k Qwys] chfFkUg fQjfga exu
iz;qDr ugha gq, gSaA vr% ;gk¡ _rq ds miØe ls
eu Hkwys**1@195@5A
dksbZ dFkk ;k ekul dk izlax ugha lquk;k x;k
gSA fdUrq tks rqdkar ^vkbZ¾vk$bZ] lqgkbZ* bl Qwysa dkl ldy efg NkbZ A tuq cj"kkWa
pkSikbZ esa iz;qDr gq;s gSa] mu ij /;ku nsaxs rks ;s d`r izxV cq<+kbZ AA
rqdkar izR;sd nks&,d nksgksa ds chp esa vo'; 'osr Qwys gq;s dkal ¼,d izdkj dh
ns[kus fey tk;sxaAs vkSj vki ik;sxas fd jkek;.k yEch ?kkl&nHkZ½ ls leLr efgeke;h /kjrh NkbZ
dh lHkh eq[; ?kVukvksa dh izLrqfr bUgha rqdkarksa gqbZ gS A ekuksa o"kkZ_rq dks d`rKrk izdV djus
esa gqbZ gS ;Fkk&
ds fy;s mlus cqf<+;k dk ckuk /kkj.k fd;k gksA
^^vuqie ckyd ns[ksfUg tkbZ] :i jkfl xqu
^Qwyas dkl ldy efg NkbZ& flj ds ckyksa dk
dfg u fljkbZ**A
lQsn gksuk cq<+kis dk ladr s ekuk x;k gSA
;k ^^xq# x`g¡ x, i<+u j?kqjkbZ] vyi dky fo|k
Jhn'kjFkth us Hkh dku ds lehi lQsn gq;s
lc vkbZ**A
ds'kksa ls ;gh lh[k yh Fkh ^^Jo.k lehi Hk,
^yfNeu ns[kgq ije lqgkbZ& izHkq ds dFkukuqlkj
flr dslk] eugq¡ tjB iuq vl
olar] xzh"e] o"kkZ] 'kjn] gseUr vkSj f'kf'kj bu
mins'kk**2@1@7A ;gk¡ Hkh 'osr Qwys gq;s dkalksa
N% _rqvksa esa 'kjn _rq ije lqgkouh gSA
ls i`Foh ds cq<+kis dh ¼dsoy o"kkZ _rq ds gn
ekuksoSKkfud rF; gS fd fdlh O;fDr dks dksbZ
rd¾cj"kkd`r½ mRizs{kk dh xbZ gSA 'osr jax
oLrq rHkh lqgkouh yxrh gS tc mldk Lo;a dk
'kkfUr dk vkSj 'kkUrjl dk izrhd gSA vkt Hkh
fpÙk izlUu gks A dbZ Vhdkdkjksa us] vU;
naxk ;k ;q) {ks= esa izgkj ls cpus ds fy;s vkSj
jkek;.kksa ds vk/kkj ij /kkj.kk cuk j[kh gS fd
vkReleiZ.k ds fy;s lQsn jax ds >.Ms dk ^cq<+kbZ* in czãkth ds cw<+s 'kjhj ds fy, iz;qDr
mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA izd`fr dh yhyk gh gS gqvk gSA jko.k us vius HkkX; fo/kkrk czãkth
fd dkal i;kZIr o"kkZ gksus ij gh Qwyrs gSa A dks cw<+k gh dgk gS ^^lksm eu leqf> =kl ufga
ekuksa] os leqfpr o"kkZ iznku djus ds fy;s uHk eksjsa] fy[kk fcjafp tjB efr Hkksjsa** 6@28@3A
dk vkHkkj izn'kZu dj jgs gksa] lkFk gh ekuks ;ksa czãkth ds va'kkorkj tkeoarth dks Hkh lHkh
mls lQsn dkal :ih >.Mk fn[kk vkSj vf/kd txg cw<+k gh dgk x;k gS ^^tkeoar ea=h vfr
o"kkZ u djus dk vuqjks/k Hkh dj jgs gksaA ^cw<+k*] lks fd gksb vc lejk:<+k** 6@22@4A
^tuq cj"kk d`r izxV cq<+kbZ& foxr nksgs esa Lo;a tkeoarth Hkh vius dks cw<+k ekurs gSa
czã&lHkk dh ppkZ dh xbZ Fkh] ftlesa Hkxoku ^^tjB Hk;m¡ vc dgb fjNslk] ufga ru jgk izFke cy
'kadj ds lq>ko ij nso xa/kokZfn us izHkq izkdV~; yslk**4@28@7A vr% ^tuq cj"kk d`r izxV
gsrq Lrqfr dhA ;gk¡ mlls vkxs dh dFkk gSA cq<+kbZ* dk Hkko gS fd xxu fxjk ¼cj"kk½ dks
nsoksa dh Lrqfr ij mUgsa czãok.kh ds }kjk lqudj Lo;a czãkth ¼cq<+kbZ½ /kjrh ij izdV
jkekorkj xzg.k djus dk vk'oklu feyk ^xxu gq;sA
fxjk xaHkhj Hkb gjfu lksd lansg*] ^^tfu Mjigq mfnr vxfLr iaFk ty lks"kk A ftfe
eqfu fl) lqjslk] rqEgfg ykfx /kfjgm¡ uj yksHkfg lks"kb larks"kk AA
cslk**1@186@1A rc czãkth us nsoksa dks vkns'k
mfnr gks pqds vxLR; rkjs us ekxZ ds
fn;k fd ge lc Hkh êfg* ¼/kjrh½ ij okuj
nsg /kkj.k djds izHkq dh lsok esa yxsa& ty dks lks[k fy;k gS tSls yksHko`fÙk dks lUrks"k
^^fut yksdfg fcjafp xs nsoUg bgb :ih /ku lks[k ysrk gS A dfo;ksa us dgk Hkh&
fl[kkbA ^^xks/ku xt/ku okft/ku vkSj jru /ku
ckuj ruq /kfj /kfj efg gfj in lsogq [kku]
tkb**A1@187 tks vkoS lUrks"k /ku lc /ku /kwfj
nsoksa us czãkth ds bl vkns'k dk ikyu leku**A
lg"kZ ,oa rqjUr fd;k ^^tks dNq vk;lq czãk ^mfnr vxfLr iaFk ty lks"kk& vxLR; eqfu ds
nhUgk] gj"ks nso fcyEc u dhUgk**1@187@1 uke ij ukekafdr ;g vR;Ur rstLoh rkjk HkknkSa
/;ku jgs fd ^Qwysa* in dk ,d vFkZ gf"kZr Hkh ds 'kqDy i{k esa vkSj vaxzsth frfFk ls vxLr
gksrk gS tSlsfd ^^tsfg fnfl* cSBs ukjn ekg esa nf{k.k dh vksj mfnr gksrk gSA vkSj
^Qwyh**1@134A bl izlax esa ^Qwyas*] îzxV* vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr esa gh vxLR; eqfu dh lokZf /kd
êgh* in ladr s d gSA ;gkWa ^Qwysa* in g"kZ ds izfr"Bk Hkh gSA ;ksa vusd iqjk.kksa lfgr okYehfd
vFkZ esa gh iz;qDr Hkh gqvk gS ^îjekuan izse jkek;.k esa vkSj bl ekul esa Hkh budh
lq[k ^Qwys*] chfFkUg fQjfga exu eu ;'kdhfrZ dh xkFkk,a i<+us dks feyrh gSaA ewyr%
Hkwys**1@195@5A ;fn ;g le> esa vk tk;s fd ;s mÙkj Hkkjrh; Fks] fdUrq foa/;kpy ioZr dks
^dkl* dh miek oLrqr% ^dhl¾okuj* dh vksj c<+us ls jksdus ds fy;s gh os ;gk¡ ls nf{k.k
/;ku vkdf"kZr djus ds fy;s gh j[kh xbZ gS rks Hkkjr pys x;s ^^dqlem nsf[k lusgq laHkkjk]
ckr cgqr ljyrk ls le> esa vk tk;sxhA ;ksa c<+r fcaf/k ftfe ^?kVt* fuokjk**2@296@2A
ukjnth us vius fn;s Jki esa ^dhl* in gh leqnz ds ty dks Hkh bUgksaus lks[k fy;k Fkk
iz;qDr fd;k gS& ^^dfi vkd`fr rqEg dhfUg ^^dg¡ ^dqaHkt* dg¡ fla/kq vikjk lks"ksm lqtlq
gekjh] dfjgfga ^dhl* lgk; rqEgkjh** ldy lalkjk**1@255@7A vkSj ekul esa
1@139@7 blfy;s ^^Qwysa dkl ldy efg jkedFkk dk izkjEHk Hkh ;kKoYD;th us buds
NkbZ** dk rkRi;Z gS fd izlUurk ls okuj leLr vkJe ls gh fd;k gS ^^,d ckj =srktqx ekgha]
/kjrh ij vorfjr gq;sA laHkq x, ^dqaHkt* fjf"k ikgha**1@47@1A
vxLR;th lRlax izseh gSa] pw¡fd os mÙkj Hkkjr /keZ lqtl izHkq rqEg dkS bUg dg¡ vfr
tk ugha ldrs] foa/; ioZr iqu% c<+us yx dY;k.k**AA1@207
tk;sxk vr% lRlafx;ksa dks muds ikl tkuk vUrr% n'kjFkth dks vius eksg :ih yksHk ij
iM+rk gSA vDlj Hkxoku f’ko ds lkFk ludkfn vad'q k yxkuk iM+k vkSj nks iq= ;kus
_f”k Hkh ogk¡ igq¡p tkrs gSa ^^rgk¡ jgs ludkfn Jhjke&y{ke.kth mUgsa lkSaius iM+sA
Hkokuh] tg¡ ?kV laHko eqfucj X;kuh**A7@31@7 ;gk¡ îaFk ty lks"kk* ls rkM+dk o/k dh
vxLR; eqfu osnksa ds ea= nz"Vk _f"k rks ekus gh dFkk dgh xbZ gS A fo'okfe=th ds vkJe tkrs
tkrs gSa fdUrq ;s brus egku gSa fd _Xosn esa le; ekxZ esa gh ¼iFk esa gh½ izHkq dks rkM+dk
dqaHk ls ¼?kV ls½ mRiUu gksus okys v;ksfut feyh Fkh ^^pys tkr eqfu nhfUg ns[kkbZ] lqfu
vxLR; o ofl"B eqfu ds uke dh _pk Hkh rkM+dk Øks/k dfj
feyrh gSa& /kkbZ**1@208@5A vkSj ;gha ij yksHkh dh miek
^^l=sg tkrkfof"krk ueksfHk% daqHks jsr% flf"kprq% Hkh fo'okfe=th ds fy;s iz;qä gqbZ gSA mUgsa
lekue~A jke:ih iw.kZ pUnz dk yksHkh pdksj dgk x;k gS
rrksg eku mfn;k; e/;kr~ ^^Hk, exu ns[kr eq[k lksHkk] tuq pdksj iwju
rrksKkre`f"kekgqoZfl"Be~**AA lfl ^yksHkk**1@209@6A fo'okfe=th dks
^ftfe yksHkfg lks"kb larks"kk& xksLokehth us jko.k egkeqfu Kkuh vkSj lc vk;q/kkL=ksa dk
ds pfj= esa yksHk dh vf/kdrk n'kkZrs gq;s fy[kk egkif.Mr dgk x;k gSA bUgksaus rkM+dk o/k ds
gS ^^fur uwru lc ck<+r tkbZ] ftfe izfrykHk rqjUr ckn] jkLrs esa gh vius vk;q/kksa dks izHkq
yksHk vf/kdkbZ**1@177@2A yksHk gh mlds dks lefiZr dj fn;k vFkkZr~ vk;q/kksa ds yksHk dk
loZuk'k dk dkj.k cukA mls iRuh ds :i esa ifjR;kx dj fn;kA
lalkj dh ije lqanjh vkSj lq;ksX; eanksnjh izkIr ^^vk;q/k lcZ lefiZ dS izHkq fut vkJe
gqbZ Fkh ^ê; ruqtk eanksnfj ukek] ije lqanjh vkfu A
ukfj yykek** 1@177@2A fdUrq blh nq"V yksHk dan ewy Qy Hkkstu nhUg Hkxfr
o`fÙk ds dkj.k mlus lalkj Hkj dh lqanj fL=;ksa fgr tkfuAA1@209A
dk cykr~ gj.k fd;k ftlesa Jhlhrkth Hkh ,d ^mfnr vxfLr* ds }kjk ;gk¡ frfFk
Fkha& ^^nso tPN xa/kcZ uj fdauj lwfpr dh xbZ ,oa jketh us Lo;a dks ;gk¡
ukx dqekfjA thfr cjh fut ckgqcy cgq lqanj cj ukfj**A1@182 vxLR; u{k= ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k gS tcfd
vkSj blds foijhr n'kjFkth /keZ'khy ;kus os gh ^^lc dj ije izdkld tksbZ** gSa]
larks"kh gSaA blfy;s lq[k laifÙk Lo;a muds ikl lfjrk lj fueZy ty lksgk A lar ân;
pyh vkrh gS ^^ftfe lq[k laifr fcufg cksyk,¡ tl xr en eksgk AA
/kjelhy ifga tkfga lqHkk,¡**1@253@3A
cjlkr ds dkj.k efyu gqvk ty vc
mnkgj.k ds fy;s ns[k ysa budh dkeuk ,d iq=
dh gh Fkh ^^HkS xykfu eksjs lqr fuFkj tkus ls] unh rkykc fueZy ty ls
ukgha**1@188@1 fdUrq mUgsa ;K ds }kjk ,d lqgkous yx jgs gSa tSls fd lar dk ân; en
ds LFkku ij pkj iq= feysA pw¡fd iq=ksa dh izkfIr eksg fodkj ls jfgr gks tkus ij 'kksHkk;eku
iq=&dke&;K ds }kjk gqbZ Fkh] vr% fo'okfe= gksrk gSA
eqfu vius ;K dh j{kk ds fy;s ,oa txr ^lfjrk lj fueZy ty lksgk& izkjEHk esa dgk
dY;k.k ds fy;s buls nks iq= ekaxus vk x;s& x;k Fkk ^Hkwfe ijr Hkk <kcj ikuh** o"kkZ dk
^^nsgq Hkwi eu gjf"kr rtgq eksg ty Hkwfe ds lEidZ esa vkrs gh xanyk gks x;kA
vX;kuA vxyh gh iafDr esa o.kZu gS ^^lfefV lfefV ty
Hkjfga rykok** ogha ty rkykcksa esa bdV~Bk gks
jgk FkkA vc le; ikdj mijksDr ty dh pju dey jt pkgfr dìk djgq
efyurk uhps cSB xbZ] ikuh fuFkj dj fueZy j?kqchj**A1@210
gks x;kA vr% izHkq dg jgs gSa ^^lfjrk lj ^lar ân;* in izHkq us vius xq# fo'okfe=th
fueZy ty lksgk**A ds fy;s iz;qDr fd;k gSA xq# ds ukrs os vkns'k
^lar ân; tl xr en eksgk& larksa ds ân; esa Hkh ns ldrs Fks tSlk fd lhrk Lo;Ecj esa fn;k
Hkh dHkh dHkkj fodkj vk tkrs gSaA nsof"kZ gS ^^mBgq jke Hkatgq Hko pkik** fdUrq ;gk¡
ukjnth blds lcls cM+s mnkgj.k gSa ftudh vkxzg fd;k gS ^^dìk djgq j?kqchj** blfy;s
ppkZ dbZ ckj gqbZ gSA ,d ^dke* dks thr dj mUgsa ^lar ân; tl* dgkA ^^xr en eksgk** Hkh
os vius dks f'ko ls Hkh Js"B ekuus yxs Fks fo’okfe=th ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gqvk gSA iwoZ esa]
^^rc ukjn xous flo ikgha] ftrk dke vgfefr buesa en&eksg ds lkFk&lkFk dke&Øks/k ds fodkj
eu ekgha**A 1@126@5 fdUrq ckn esa rks ,d Hkh vkfoHkZwr gq;s FksA iqjk.k izfl) dFkk gS fd
vge~ ds pDdj esa muds ân;LFk N%gkas fodkj] vius jkten esa bUgksusa of'k"Bth dh xkS ufUnuh
dke] Øks/k] en&yksHk] eksg vkSj eRlj lHkh dks cykr~ izkIr djuk pkgk FkkA tc of'k"Bth
izdV gks x;sA izHkq us tc viuh ek;k dk 'keu ds czãrst ls os ijkHkwr gks x;s rks Lo;a czãf"kZ
fd;k ^^tc gfj ek;k nwfj fuokjh** rc dgaha cuus ds fy;s ?kksj ri fd;kA muds ri dks ,d
ukjnth foxr eksg gq;s ^^gj xu eqfufg tkr ckj rks vIljk esudk us dke eksfgr djds Hkax
iFk ns[kh] ^fcxr eksg* eu gj"k fd;kA vkSj nwljh ckj tc jEHkk riks Hkax djus
fcls"kh**1@128@1A vkbZ rks mls Øks/k esa nl gtkj o”kZ rd tM+or
dFkkØe ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ izHkq us vfgY;k gks tkus dk Jki ns fn;k& ^^;Ueka yksHk;ls jEHks
m)kj dk izlax lquk;k gSA vfgY;kth ds fy;s dkedzks/k t;Sf”k.ke~A
^lfjrk* vkSj muds ifr xkSre _f"k ds fy;s n’ko”kZlglzkf.k ‘kSyh LFkkL;fl
^lj* dh mRizs{kk dh xbZ gSA vfgY;k ds }kjk nqHkxsZ**AA1@34@12
dh xbZ vLrqfr esa ;gk¡ ds ladr s d tSls ^fueZy*] bUgksaus vius rikscy ls jktk f='kadq dks Hkh
^lfjrk* vkfn in feysax&s l'kjhj LoxZ Hkst fn;k FkkA tc bUnz us mls
^^vfr ^fueZy* ckuh vLrqfr Bkuh X;kuxE; LoxZ ls uhps <dsy fn;k rks vUrfj{k esa gh jksd
t; j?kqjkbZ**A dj ,d u;k LoxZ ¼uwru nso&lxZ½ fuekZ.k djus
^^tsfg in lqj ^lfjrk* ije iquhrk izxV Hkb esa tqV x;sA czãkth ds vuqjks/k ij ml LoxZ
flo lhl /kjh** 1@210@Nan dks cukuk NksM+kA tks _f"k eqfu;ksa ds eu ds
iqjk.kksa esa o ckYehfd jkek;.k esa Hkh mYys[k fy;s Hkh vxE; ¼vlaHko½ yxs] ,slh dhfrZ
gS fd nsojkt bUnz ds dqfRlr deZ ds dkj.k vftZr djus okys fo'okfe=th dh iz'kalk rks
vfgY;k vifo= dgykbZ] oLrqr% vifo= Fkh Lo;a of'k"Bth us eqDr daB ls dh gS ^êqfueu
ughaA Øks/k ds o'khHkwr gksdj xkSre _f"k us Hkh vxe xkf/klqr djuh] eqfnr cfl"B fciqy fcf/k
mUgsa f'kykor~ iM+s jgus dk Jki ns fn;kA lc cjuh**1@358A ,slh dhfrZ okys vius xq# dh
vkJeoklh mUgsa NksM+ dj pys x;sA blfy;s iz'kalk esa izHkq us ^lar ân; tl xr en eksgk*
cfg”d`r lh gksdj os ml vkJe esa cjlksa rd dgk gSA
vdsyh iM+h jghaA vfgY;kth dk iqu#)kj djkus jl jl lw[k lfjr lj ikuhA eerk R;kx
vkSj mUgsa lkekftd izfr"Bk fnykus gsrq gh djfga ftfe X;kuhAA
fo’okfe=th izHkq dks ogk¡ yk;s vkSj vius pj.k
un&unh&rkykcksa dk tyrÙo fjlko
jt ls mls ifo= djus dk vkxzg fd;k&
^^xkSre ukfj Jki cl miy nsg /kfj /khjA fØ;k ,oa Hkki cudj 'kuS%&'kuS% lw[k jgk gSA
tSls fd eerk dk ifjR;kx oSjkX; ds }kjk Kkuh
iq#"k djrs gSaA ;gk¡ ^jl jl lw[k* ls vfHkizk; okd~ ;q) gqvkA
lkalkfjd eksg ek;k ds yxko ls fojfDr gksuk gS ij’kqjketh dh /kuq"k tSlh tM+ oLrq ij cuh
gqbZ êerk* dks ns[k y{e.kth us ml ij dBksj
^^lh; jke in izseq vofl gksb ^^Hko jl*
izgkj djrs gq;s dgk&
fcjfr** 2@326A ^^cgq /kuqgha rksjh yfjdkbaZ] dcgaq u vfl fjl
jl jl lw[k lfjr lj ikuh& fiNyh pkSikbZ dhUg xkslkbZaA
esa ^lfjrk* dh miek JhvfgY;kth ds fy;s dgh
,fg /kuq ij êerk* dsfg gsrw] lqfu fjlkbZ dg
xbZ FkhA ;gk¡ mlls fdafpr~ fHkUu ^lfjr*
Hk`xd
q qy dsrw** 1@270@8 vUrrksXkRok] izHkq dìk
¼un&iqfYyax½ in dk iz;ksx ij'kqjketh ds fy;s
ls tc muds fg;s esa Kku mitk ^^m?kjs iVy
gqvk gSA mUgs ?kksj /kkj dgk Hkh x;k gS& ^^?kksj
ijlq /kj efrds** rks vkius vius /kuq"k dh
/kkj* Hk`xqukFk fjlkuh] ?kkV lqc) jke cj
eerk dk Hkh R;kx dj fn;k ^^jke jekifr dj
ckuh**1@40@4A ;g ^lfjr* vkSj ^lj* in Hkh
,d lkFk lh;&Lo;acj esa gh ns[kus dks feyrs gSa /kuq ysgw** vkSj Lo;a cu esa ri ds fy;s pys
^^ckiha dwi ^lfjr lj* ukuk**1@211@6] ^îqj x;s ^^Hk`xiq fr x, cufg ri gsrw**A jketh us
ckgsj ^lj lfjr* lehik**1@213@4A ;gk¡ ikuh blh ?kVuk dks ^^jl jl lw[k lfjr lj ikuh**
¼ikf.kxzg.k½ in Hkh lhrk Lo;acj izlax dh vksj esa mdsjk gSA
/;kukd"kZ.k ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^Hk;ks êerk R;kx dfjfga ftfe X;kuh& lrr cgus
ikfuxguq fcyksfd fcf/k lqj euqt eqfu vk¡un okys ^lfjr* in dks ;fn fuo`fÙk ekxZ ¼lkalkfjd
HkjSa** 1@324NanA Hkxoku ij'kqjketh cky ca/kuksa ls eqDr] ;gk¡ ij'kqjketh½ dk |ksrd eku
czãpkjh ,oa izkr% Lej.kh; fpjathfo;ksa esa gSa& fy;k tk;s rks ^lj* in dk iz;ksx izo`fÙk ekxZ ds
^^v'oRFkkek cfyO;kZlks guqeka'p foHkh"k.k%A vkn'kZ x`gLFk] Kkuh] /;kuh] lgt oSjkxh
dì% ij'kqjke'p lIrSrs Jhtudth ds fy;s gqvk gSA iqjk.kksa esa buls
fpjthfou%**AA lEcfU/kr dbZ dFkk,a feyrh gSaA fdUrq muds
;s brus ijkØeh Hkh gSa fd bUgksaus bl i`Foh dks leLr thou pfj= dk lkj gS fd ftl izdkj
vusdksa ckj {kf=;ksa ds opZLo ls eqDr djds mls dU;knku djus ds ckn ml dU;k ij ek¡ cki
czkã.kksa dks iznku dj nh Fkh ^^Hkqtcy Hkwfe Hkwi dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha jgrk] gS Bhd mlh
fcuq dhUgh] fciqy ckj efg nsoUg izdkj lkalkfjd jkxksa dk R;kx Hkh ¼tkekrk :ih
nhUgha**1@271@7A blls Li"V gS fd muesa fo".kq ds izfr½ djuk pkfg;sA blhfy;s bUgsa fonsg
fdlh izdkj dh eksg&eerk ugha gS A fdUrq tc dgk x;k gS ^^D;ksa djS fcu; fcnsgq] fd;ks fcnsgq
mUgksaus vius xq# Hkxoku lnkf'ko ds /kuq"k dks] ewjfr lko¡jh**1@324@Nan4A
og Hkh muds R;kxs gq, fiukd dks] VwVk iM+k mijksDr êerk* in ds leku gh tud
ns[kk rks muesa Hkh êSa v# eksj* :fi eerk dk o tudiqjh izlax esa ^R;kx* vkSj ^X;kuh* in
izknqHkkZo gks vk;kA brus vkxccwyk gks x;s fd ladr s d Hkh cgqrsjs gSa A xksLokehth us leLr
xksLokehth dks fy[kuk iM+k ^^Hk`xiq fr cdfg tudiqj ds okfl;ksa ds fy;s dgk gS ^îqj uj
dqBkj mBk,**A Øks/k ds ekjs mUgksaus tudth dks ukfj lqHkx lqfp lark] /kjelhy ^X;kuh*
/kedh ns nh fd tgk¡ rd mudk jkT; gS ogk¡ xquoark** 1@212@6A vkSj tudth dh Lo;a ds
rd dh /kjrh gh iyV nsxas ^^myVm¡ efg tg¡ izfr ekU;rk gS&
yfg ro jktw**A jketh ls Hkh dg fn;k fd
^^lgt fcjkx:i euq eksjk] Fkfdr gksr ftfe
f'ko /kuq"k rksM+us okyk lglzckgq ds leku esjk
pan pdksjkA
nq'eu gS ^^lqugq jke tsfga flo/kuq rksjk]
bUgfg fcyksdr vfr vuqjkxk] cjcl czãlq[kfg eu
^lglckgq* le lks fjiq eksjk**1@270@4A bl
^R;kxk**A1@215@5
ckr ij buesa vkSj y{e.kth esa ¼txr~ izfl)½
tkfu ljn fjrq [katu vk, A ikb le; gSaA fdUrq bldk ?kVd ^xa/kd gekjh vkS”kf/k;ksa esa
ftfe lqd`r lqgk, AA gtkjksa o”kZ ls iz;ksx gks jgk gSA izkphu vFkoZosn
'kjn _rq vkxeu dks tkudj ¼mldh pjd fpfdRlk esa Li”V mYys[k feysax&s
'khryrk dh izrhfr djds½ euksgkjh lkbcsfj;u ^^Js”Ba xa/kd ;ksxkr~ lqo.kZekf{kd;ksxk}kA
izoklh i{kh ^[katu* igkM+ksa ls mrj vk;s gSaA loZO;kf/kfucgZ.ke|kr~ dq”Bh jla p
tSls fd iwoZ esa fd;s gq;s lRdeksZa ds iq.;Qy fux`ghre~**AAp-fp-v-7@70 ,sls gh rjy
le; ij ik tkus ls lqgkous yxrs gSaA inkFkZ ls cus vk;q/kkL= dh dYiuk rks vc dgha
^tkfu ljn fjrq [katu vk,& ;g v)kZyh ewrZ :i ysus tk jgh gSA ijUrq gekjs ‘kkL=ksa esa
ekul esa fufgr vifjfer Kku dk fnXn'kZu vkSj ekul esa Hkh mudk mYys[k gS ^^vl dfg
djkrh gSA vk/kqfud foKku vkt tku ik;k gS rjy f=lwy pyk;ks**A6@736 bl izdkj ds
fd izoklh i{kh 'khry txg dh [kkst esa rF;ksa dks mn~?kkfVr djus okyk ;k rks dksbZ
fujUrj Hkze.k djrs jgrs gSaA vkSj gekjs Hkkjr vuqHkoh fl) iq#"k gh gks ldrk gS vFkok
esa Hkh os 'kjn _rq esa vkrs gSaA blh rF; dks xksLokehth dh Hkk"kk esa ^^rl dfggm¡ fg; ^gfj*
lk<+s pkj lkS o"kZ iwoZ tc êhfM;k* ugha Fkk ds izsjs** gfj gks ldrs gSa A
rc ^tkfu ljn fjrq [katu vk,* esa O;Dr îkb le; ftfe lqd`r lqgk,& izHkq us ;gk¡
fd;k x;k gSA ekul esa blh izdkj ds vius fookg dk izlax lquk;k gSA vHkh mUgksaus
vusdkusd rF; mn~?kkfVr fd;s x;s gSaA 'kjn _rq dks ije lqgkbZ dgk Fkk D;ksafd
osn iqjk.kksa esa ok;q;ku dk o.kZu ;=&r= lhrkth ls mudh izFke HksaV 'kjn _rq esa gh gqbZ
feyrk gSA ubZ ih<+h ds xos"kd rdZ nsrs gSa fd FkhA mudk fookg rks vxgu esa ¼ekxZ'kh"kZ ekg
if{k;ksa ds leku mM+us dh ekuo dh lnk ls esa½ gqvk Fkk ^fgefjrq vxguq ekl
bPNk jgh gSA blhfy;s iqjk.kkfn ds jpf;rk us lqgkok*1@311@5 fdUrq cjkr igys vk xbZ Fkh
foeku dh Hkh dYiuk dj yhA ijUrq foeku îzFke cjkr yxu rs vkbZ* 1@308@7 vkSj
lapkyu esa rhoz 'kksj dk Hkh dksbZ egÙo gksrk jke&y{e.kth rks blls Hkh cgqr igys vFkkZr~
gksxk\ bls rks dksbZ vfHkK ;k fl) gh dg 'kjn _rq esa gh ogk¡ igq¡p x;s FksA ;g ^tkfu*
ldsxk ^^pyr fcekuq ^dksykgy* gksbZ] t; in tud okfVdk izlax esa cgqrk;r ls vk;k gS
j?kqchj dgb lcq dksbZ**6@118@3 iq”id foeku ^îzHkq tc tkr tkudh ^tkuh**] ^^tkfu* dfBu
tc v;ks/;k igq¡pk gS rc Hkh dgk x;k ^^c<~;ks flo pki fclwjfr**] ^^tkfu* xkSjh vuqdy w fl;
^dksykgy* djr tuq ukfj rjax leku**7@3A fg; gj"kq u tkb dfg** 1@236NanA vkSj
dIrku ds lapkyu esa lapkfyr gksus okys ^[katu* in rks Lo;a Jhlhrkth ds u;uksa fy;s
cgqr cM+s tyiksrkas dh dYiuk vkt lkdkj gSA vk;k gS& ^^[katu* eatq frjhNs u;ufu] fut
fdUrq ml le; brus cM+s tgkt dk o.kZu ifr dgsm frUgfg fl;¡ l;ufu**2@116@7A
ftlesa lewpk v;ks/;k dk lekt o tudiqj ds ^[katu vk,* cgqopu gSA vr% blesa ekaMoh]
fiz; lxs&lEcU/kh vkSj vU; ifFkd x.k Hkh ;k=k JqrdhfrZ vkSj mfeZykth Hkh 'kkfey gSaA
dj ldas ^^dju /kkj rqEg vo/k tgktw] p<+sm îkb* in /kuq"k ;K esa vusdksa ckj
ldy fiz; ifFkd lektw**2@153@6A D;k vk;k gS ^^yxs yyfd ykspu fuf/k îkbZ** fdUrq
vius vkiesa vk'p;Z ugha gS\ vkt ;g ifjn`'; ;g ;gk¡ iqjokfl;ksa ds lanHkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gS
lkdkj gsSA blfy;s yksx bls ;qx nz"Vk dfo dh ^^jax Hkwfe vk, nksm HkkbZ] vfl lqf/k lc iqjckflUg
lVhd dYiuk eku ysxaAs ekul esa rksiksa ls xksys îkbZ**1@239@5A tc izHkq /kuq"k rksM+us ds fy;s
pykus dk o.kZu Hkh gS ^^<kgs egh/kj fl[kj mBs rc tudiqj oklh uj&ukfj;ksa us
dksfVUg fcfc/k fcf/k ^xksyk pysa**6@49@NanA vius&vius firj&nsoksa ls ;kpuk dh Fkh fd tks
yksx bls ckcj ds le; dh bZtkn fl) djrs dqN gekjs lRdeZ vkSj iq.; Qy gSa] muds
QyLo:i Jhjketh bl f'ko /kuq"k dks dey uì ¼iztk oRly jktk½ ds fd;s gq, Lej.kh;
uky dh Hkk¡fr lgt gh rksM+ nsoas& dk;ksZa ls lq'kksfHkr gksrh gSA
^^cafn firj lqj lqd`r laHkkjs] tkaS dNq iqU; îad u jsuq lksg vfl /kjuh& jkT; esa ty
izHkko gekjsA fudkl dh O;oLFkk leqfpr gks] fo'ks"k dj o"kkZ
rkS flo /kuq eùky dh ukbZa] rksjgq¡ jke xusl ds le; esa dhpM+ u gksus ikosa] rks blls irk
xkslkbZa**A1@254@8 yx tkrk gS fd jkT; dh vU; O;oLFkk;sa Hkh
^le;* Hkh bl izlax esa vusd ckj fey tk;sxk lqUnj gSa] vkSj ;gk¡ dk jktk Hkh nwjn'khZ o
fdUrq ;g izfl) pkSikbZ vdsyh gh i;kZIr gS uhfrfuiq.k gSA vkokxeu gsrq igys gh ekxksZa dk
^^dk cj"kk lc d`"kh lq[kkuas] ^le;* pqdsa iqfu ty lw[k x;k Fkk] ^^mfnr vxfLr iaFk ty
dk ifNrkus**1@260@3A lks"kk**] vc lwfpr fd;k gS fd lewps {ks= dh
iwoksZDr mnkgj.k esa Hkh ^lqd`r* in gS Hkwfe dhp jfgr gks xbZ gSA pw¡fd fdf"dU/kkjkT;
fdUrq ;gk¡ ^lqd`r* tudth vkSj n'kjFkth ds b{okdq oa'k ds vUrxZr vkrk gS ^^b{okdw.kkfe;a
vFkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gSA bu nksuksa ds lqd`rksa ds Hkwfe% l'kSyou dkuuk**4@18@6ok-jk-A vr%
dkj.k gh tkudhth vkSj jketh dks vorfjr o"kkZ o.kZu ds C;kt ls izHkq dks vius uhfr
gksuk iM+k Fkk ^^tud ^lqd`r* ewjfr cSnsgh] fuiq.k firk Jhn'kjFkth dh Le`fr gks vkuk
nljFk ^lqd`r* jkeq /kjs nsgh**1@309@1 vkSj LoHkkfod gh gSA ;ksa Hkh frfFk x.kuk ds vuqlkj
ekuks fo/kkrk us Hkh mUgsa Bhd le; ij pkj iq= bl le; vkf'ou ekg dk d`".k&i{k vFkkZr~
:ih pkj fØ;kvksa&;Fkk ^;K] J)k] ;ksXk] Kku* ^fir`&i{k* py jgk gSA blfy;s vkt ds fnu
ds ifj.kke Lo:i pkj cgqvksa ds :i esa pkjksa n'kjFkth dh iq.; frfFk Hkh laHko gks ldrh gSA
Qy ;Fkk vFkZ] /keZ] dke vkSj eks{k* iznku dj blfy;s izHkq us muds dk;ksZa dk Lej.k dj mUgsa
fn;s gksaA ,d izdkj ls J)k¡tfy lefiZr dh gSA
^êqfnr vo/kifr ldy lqr c/kqUg lesr ;gk¡ ds ladr s d izHkq dks jktxÌh nsus
fugkfjA dh rS;kjh ls ysdj n'kjFkth ds LoxZ/kke i/kkjus
tuq ik, efgiky efu fØ;Ug lfgr rd feysaxAs n'kjFkth of'k"Bth ls vkKk ekaxus
Qy pkfj**AA1@325 x;s rc ^jsuq* vk;k gS ^^ts xqj pju ^jsuq* flj
^lqgk,* ;k mlls feyrs tqyrs ^lqgkbZ* /kjgha rs tuq ldy fcHko cl djgha** 2@2@5
vkfn in jke fookg esa <sjksa gSa ^^tuq mNkg lc rks lqearth J`xc a sjiqj ls [kkyh gkFk ykSVs rc
lgt lqgk,] ruq /kfj /kfj nljFk x`g¡ ogk¡ îad* in vk;k gS ^^nm u fcnjsm îad*
Nk,**1@344@3A bl pkSikbZ ds rqdkar ^^[katu ftfe fcNqjr çhreq uhj**2@146A
vk,&lqd`r lqgk,** Lo ek=k esa gSA tSlk fd ûhfr fuiqu uì dS tfl djuh& ûì* lEcks/ku
igys Hkh dgk gS Jhjketh dk dF; fdlh ekul esa pkj ik=ksa ds fy;s ç;qDr gqvk gSA
fo'ks"kkfrfo’ks”k dkj.k ls gh Lo ek=k esa gksrk çFke rks Lo;aHkw euqth ds fy;s ftudk
gSA ^/kqfu vojsc dfcr xqu tkrha* ds vuqlkj êuqLe`fr* xzUFk vkt Hkh orZeku gS vkSj Lo;a
;gk¡ bl pkSikbZ esa xw<+kFkZ Hkh cgqr fudys gSaA mudk vkpj.k bruk ç'kLr Fkk fd osn iqjk.kkfn
fdUrq âLo esa izLrqfr lwfpr dj jgh gSa fd izHkq mudh egkurk dk xk;u djrsa gSa&
fir`&Le`fr esa [kks x;s gSaA ^^naifr /kje vkpju uhdk] vtgq¡ xko Jqfr
iad u jsuq lksg vfl /kjuh A uhfr fuiqu ftUg dS yhdkA
uì dS tfl djuh AA vk, feyu fl) eqfu X;kuh] /kje /kqja/kj uìfjf"k
dhpM+ vkSj ?kwfy ls jfgr LoPN /kjrh tkuhA**1@142@6
,slh 'kksHkk;eku gks jgh gS tSls fd uhfr&fuiq.k nwljs esa izrkiHkkuq ds fy;s ûì* vk;k gSA og
Hkh osnksa esa crkbZ gqbZ
fof/k ls gh iztk dk ikyu djrk FkkA mlds ¼Hkwr Hkfo"; vkSj orZeku esa Hkh½ buds leku
jkT; esa Hkh iki dk dgha ys'k ek= ugha Fkk dksbZ gqvk gh ugha& ^ûì lc jgfg dìk vfHkyk"ks]
^^tc izrkijfc Hk;m ûì* fQjh nksgkbZ nslA yksdi djfga izhfr #[k jk[ksA
iztk iky vfr ^csnfcf/k* drgq¡ ugha v?k f=Hkqou rhfu dky tx ekgh] Hkwfj Hkkx nlj/k
ysl**AA1@153 le ukgha**2@1@4
fdUrq bu nksuksa uìksa esa egku vUrj of'k"Bth us rks n'kjFkth dh iz'kalk esa
gSA tgk¡ euqth us o`)koLFkk :ih vleFkZrk cgqr dqN dgk gS ^^Hk;m u vgb u vc gksfugkjk] Hkwi Hkjr
vkus ds iwoZ gh jkT; dk ifjR;kx dj fn;k tl firk rqEgkjk** 1@172@6 fdUrq os muds mijksfgr
^^cjcl jkt lqrfg uì nhUgk] ukfj lesr xou gSa] vius ;teku ds fy, dg ldrs gSaA ijUrq
cu dhUgk**A ogha jktk izrkiHkkuq viuk lSdM+ksa Hkj}ktth us rks mnkgj.k ds lkFk dgk gS fd
dYiksa ds fy;s ,d N= jkT; pkgrk Fkk og Hkh jktk HkxhjFkth flQZ Jhxaxkth dks gh yk;s Fks
l`f”V ds tjkej.k fu;eksa dk mYya?ku djrs gq;s ijUrq n'kjFkhth dh efgek dk rks o.kZu gh ugha
& gks ldrkA lalkj esa muls vf/kd rks dksbZ D;k
^^tjk eju nq[k jfgr ruq lej ftrS gksosxk] dksbZ cjkcjh esa Hkh ugha vk ldrk]
tfu dksmA D;ksafd buds Lusg vkSj ladksp o'k Lo;a jketh
,d N= fjiq ghu efg jkt dyi dks gh izxV gksuk iM+k &
lr gksmAA1@164 ^^Hkwi HkxhjFk lqjlfj vkuh] lqfejr ldy
rhljs esa jko.k ds fy;s iz;qDr gqvk gS] lqeaxy [kkuh**A
tks oLrqr% izrkiHkkuq dk gh laLdj.k gSA tgk¡ ^^nljFk xqu xu cjfu u tkgha] vf/kdq dgk tsfg le tx ukgha**A
izrkiHkkuq dks vusdksa ckj ûì* fy[kk x;k gS ^^tklq lusg ldksp cl jke izxV Hk,
ogha jko.k ds fy;s xksLokehth us dsoy ,d ckj vkbA
ûì* dk lEcks/ku fn;k gS og Hkh mikyEHk ds ts gj fg; u;ufu dcgq¡ fuj[ks ugha
:i esaA D;ksafd ûì* dk vFkZ gS tks iztk dh vk?kkb**AA1@2@209
j{kk vkSj mldk ikyu djs ^ûù~ ujku~ ikfr ;gk¡ leqPp; cks/kd ^vfl* vkSj ^tfl*
j{kfr iky;rhfr uì%** vkSj jko.k rks nksuksa yxs gSaA izk;% ^ftfe] tuq] tlq* vkfn ,d
[kkstdj&[kkstdj xkS] f}t] vkSj xkaoksa dks mtkM+ gh yxk jgrk gSA Hkko gS fd b;dh cgqr
jgk Fkk ^^tsfga tsfga nsl /ksuq f}t ikofga] uxj foLrkj ls ppkZ gqbZ gSA ^tfl* izR;qÙkj gS
xkm¡ iqj vkfx yxkofga**A blfy;s vaxnth us ftldk rkRi;Z gS fd y{e.kth us Hkh blesa Hkkx
bls dVk{k :i esa dgk gS & fy;k gS vkSj firk n’kjFkth dh uhfr;ksa dh
^û̀i* vfHkeku eksg cl fdack] gfj vkfugq lhrk txnack**A iz’ka”kk dh gS tcfd os muds vkykspd jgs gSa
6@19@5 ^îqfu dNq y[ku dgh dVq ckuh**2@95@4
pkSFkk n'kjFkth ds fy;s] ftuds fy;s ûì* ty ladksp fcdy Hkb¡ ehuk A vcq/k
laCkks/ku vusdksa ckj iz;qä gqvk gSA dFkkØe ds dqVqach ftfe /kughuk AA
vuqlkj ;gk¡ mudk izlax gh vHkh"V gSA ekul tyk'k;ksa esa ty fNNyk gks tkus ls
esa o.kZu gS fd nsokf/kifr bUnz Hkh bUgsa llEEkku eNfy;k¡ O;kdqy gks xbZa tSls ladh.kZ eukso`fÙk
vius lkFk flagklu ij cSBkrs Fks ^^vkxsa gksb okys ew[kZz vKkuh dqVqEch /kukHkko ds dkj.k gks
tsfg lqjifr ysbZ] vj/k fl?kkalu vklqu nsbZ**A tkrs gSaA
tEcw }hi ds uìksa dh ppkZ tkus gh nas] os lHkh ^ty ladksp fcdy Hkb¡ ehuk& ^ty ladksp*
muds vf/kfu"B Fks] oLrqr% fn'kkvksa ds yksdiky vFkkZr lw;Z dh iz[kj fdj.kksa ds dkj.k tyk'k;
Hkh buls izhfr j[kus ds fy;s muds vuqdy w dk tyok"ihd`r gks tkukA tSls ty ladksp ,d
pyk djrs FksA rhuksa yksdksa esa] rhuks dkyksa esa izkd`frd izfØ;k gS] oSls gh bZ'oj iznRr
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k jktk ls jad gks tkuk] izcq) Hkjrth ds fy;s u dsoy êhu*
/kuh ls fu/kZu gks tkuk] Hkh ,d izfØ;k gSA dh miek iz;qDr gqbZ gS vfirq muds lkFk
lans'k gS fd blls larIr ugha gksuk pkfg;s vkSj ^fcdy* vkSj ^ty ladksp* okys in Hkh yxs gSa
vnwjnf'kZrk iw.kZ fu.kZ; ugha ysus pkfg;sA vkSj ûhp dhp* in vcq/kdqVqafc;ksa ds fy;s
;gk¡ ds ladr s d tSls ^ladksp*] ^fcdy*] vk;k gS&
êhuk* vkfn ds vuqlkj ;g izlax ^^fufl u uhn ufga Hkw[k fnu Hkjrq ^fcdy*
jkejkT;kfHk"ksd dk fu.kZ; ysus ds ckn okyh lqfp lkspA
ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk gSA lcls igys O;kdqy rks nsork ûhp dhp* fcp exu tl êhufg*
gq;s ^^frUgfg lksgkb u vo/k lfyy ^laWdksp**A2@252
c/kkok**A jketh dks jkT;kfHk"ksd ds LFkku ij ^vcq/k dqVqach ftfe /ku ghuk& ^vcq/k* ekus
oukns'k gksos bl eryc ls nsorkvksa us 'kkjnkth ew[kZ] ;gk¡ dqcqf) ds vFkZ esa eaFkjk ds fy;s
ls tks vuqu; fou; dh gS mlesa¡ ^ladksph* vkSj iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^djb fcpk# ^dqcqf)* dqtkrh]
^fccq/k* in vk;k gS ^^ckj ckj xfg pju gksb vdktq dofu fcf/k jkrh**2@12@3A ^/ku
^ladksph*] pyh fcpkjh ^fccq/k* efr ghuk* in Hkh blh dh vksj bafxr djrk gS
iksph**2@11@5 ;gk¡ nsokas ds fy;s ^fccq/k* D;ksafd ;g nklh gS ^dksm uì gksm gefg dk
vk;k gS rks vkxs eaFkjk ds fy;s ^dqcqf)* vkSj gkuh] psfj NkfM+ vc gksc fd jkuh**A /;ku jgs
dSd; s hth dks ^v/kZ cqf)* dgk gS ^^xw<+ diV bls ;gk¡ ^dqVqach* dgk x;k gSA dqVqEc dk rkRi;Z
fiz; cpu lqfu] rh; v/kj ^cqf/k* jkfu**A2@16 gS ,d eqf[k;k ds laj{k.k esa jgus okys lHkh
;gkWa ds lEiw.kZ Hkkoksa dks O;Dr djus okyh bl yksxA blfy;s izk;% dqVqEc&dchyk 'kCn dgk
pkSikbZ ij /;ku nsa ^^fciqy fc;ksx iztk tkrk gSSA vkSj blh vFkZ esa vktdy ôlq/kSo
vdqykuh] tuq typj xu lw[kr dqVqEca* Hkh izpyu esa gSA pw¡fd eaFkjk dSdbth
ikuh**A2@50@6 pw¡fd blesa leLr iztk dh ds uSgj ls muds lax gh vkbZa vr% og mUgsa
O;kdqyrk n'kkZb xbZ gS vr% buds fy;s ^typj* fiz; Hkh gaSA fdUrq xksLokehth us Li"V ladr s
in iz;qDr gqvk gSA ijUrq êhuk* in dsoy fd;k gS fd dSdbth ftls g¡fluh le> dj
ekrk&firk] fiz; ifjtu vkfn ds fy;s gh iz;qDr ljkguk dj jgh gS oLrqr% og rks eNfy;ksa dks
gqvk gS ^^vof/k vacq ¼ty½ fiz; ifjtu êhuk*] [kk tkus okyh cxqyh gS ^^fQjk djeq fiz; ykfx
rqEg d#ukdj /kje ?kqjhuk**2@50@2A êhu* dqpkyh] ¼eaFkjk½ cfdfg ljkgb ekfu
dh miek j?kqdy q ds izk;% lHkh lnL;ksa ds fy;s ejkyh**2@19@4A
iz;qDr gqbZ gSA dkS'kY;kth us tc jke cuokl fcuq ?ku fueZy lksg vdklk A gfjtu bo
dk lekpkj lquk& ^û;u lty ru Fkj Fkj ifjgfj lc vklk AA
dk¡ih] ektfg [kkb êhu* tuq ekih**2@53@4A fcuk ckny ds Hkh 'kjn _rq dk fueZy
y{e.kth ls tc v;ks/;k esa gh #dus dks dgk ¼/kwfy d.kksa ls jfgr½ vkdk'k oSls gh lksg jgk
x;k rc ^^dfg u ldr dNq fpror Bk<+s] gS tSlsfd lHkh vk’kkvksa dks R;kxs gq;s gfj HkDrksa
êhu* nhu tuq ty rsa dk<sa+** 2@69@3A vkSj dk ân;kdk'k lksgrk gSA
ej.kklUu n'kjFkth us tc jke egrkjh ls iqu% ^fcuq ?ku fueZy lksg vdklk& blds iwoZ] o"kkZ
jkefeyu dk vk'oklu lquk rc & _rq ds izkjEHk esa] izHkq us es?kksa ls vkPNkfnr
^^fiz;kcpu e`nq lqur ûìq* fpr;m uHk ¼vkdk'k½ dks] vkSj es?kksa dh xtZuk dks
vk¡f[k m?kkfjA lqgkouk dgk Fkk ^ô"kkZdky es?k uHk Nk,]
ryQr êhu* eyhu tuq lhapr xjtr ykxr ije lqgk;s**A vc 'kjn _rq esa
lhry ckfjAA2@154 /kjrh dhp&/kwy ls jfgr gks xbZ ^îad u jsuq
lksg vfl /kjuh**A vkdk'k esa bu fnuksa jtd.k
ugha mM+rs gSa vkSj u gh cnyh gh jgrh gS vr% xqgjktth dks O;Fkk gqbZ vkSj blds fy;s mUgksaus
^^fcuq ?ku fueZy lksg vdklk** dgkA bu fnuksa dSdbZth ij nks"k yxk;k&
vkdk'k lcls vf/kd lkQ ¼LoPN&fueZy½ jgrk ^^dSd; uafnfu eanefr dfBu dqfVyiuq
gS blhfy;s [kxksy 'kkL= dh 'kks/kksa esa ;gh le; dhUgA
lokZf/kd vuqdy w ekuk x;k gSA blls ;g Hkh tsfga j?kquanu tkufdfg lq[k volj nq[kq
lwfpr gqvk fd vc firì{k lekIr gksdj nhUg**AA2@91
vkf'ou 'kqDy i{k ¼uojk=k½ py jgk gSA rc y{e.kth us jketh dh rjg gh dSdbth dk
o"kkZ _rq ds dFku esa vkSj ;gk¡ ds i{k fy;k gS ^^dkgqfg ckfn u nsbv nkslw**A vkSj
o.kZu esa lw{e vUrj gS ogk¡ ^?ku* dh txg mUgksaus ^y{e.k&xhrk* dk mins'k fn;k gS ^^cksys
ês?k* gS vkSj ^vkdkl* dh txg ûHk* gS A y[ku e/kqj e`nq ckuh] X;ku fcjkx Hkxfr jl
;gk¡ dk ^fcuq* in rks v;ks/;kdk.M ds chtd lkuh**A 1@91@3
inksa esa ls gSA ekul ds izkjEHk esa tks nwljk ^gfjtu bo ifjgfj lc vklk& ^gfjtu* dh
okyk] v;ks/;kdk.M dk izfrfuf/kRo djus okyk] inoh lhrk eS¸;k us #nzkorkj guqekuth dks nh
eaxykpj.k dk 'yksd gS ogk¡ fcuq¾fouk gS gS ^^gfjtu* tkfu izhfr vfr xk<+h] lty u;u
^^Hkokuh 'kadjkS oUns J)kfo'okl:fi.kkS iqydkofy ck<+h**5@13@1A izHkq us Hkh ;gk¡
;kH;ka ^fouk* u i';fUr fl)k% ^gfjtu* in mPp dksfV ds HkDrksa ds fy;s gh
LokUrLFkehÜoje~!!1@e-'yksd2 iz;qDr fd;k gS ftlesa y{e.kth Hkh vkrs gSa
nksgs&lksjBksa ds :i esa Hkh tks chtd cuk gS ^^jke fcyksfd ca/kq dj tksjs] nsg xsg lc lu
mlesa Hkh ^fcuq* gSA rù rksjs**2@69@6A blh esa lqfe=k eS¸;k Hkh gSa
^^lks u gksb ^fcuq* fcey efr eksfg efr cy ftUgksaus vius iq= dks fonk djrs le; mins'k
vfr FkksjA fn;k fd lius esa Hkh jkx] jks"k] bZ";kZf n ds
djgq dìk gfj tl dgm¡ iqfu iqfu djm¡ o'khHkwr ugha gksuk ^^jkx jks"kq bfj"kk enq eksgw]
fugksj**AA1@14@¼[k½ tfu liusgq¡ bUg ds cl gksgw**A2@64@5 dgrs
vr% ^fcuq* in v;ks/;kdk.M ds izkjEHk gS fd blh mins'k ds dkj.k y{e.kth us pkSng
esa Hkh feysxk ^^tklq Hktuq ^fcuq* tjfu u o"kZ rd uhan gh ugha yh rkfd u rks uhan gksxh
tkgha**A2@3@6 vUr esa Hkh gS ^^fcuq* v/kkj vkSj u gh lius vk;sxaAs ;gk¡ v;ks/;kokfl;ksa
eu rks"kq u lkarh**A2@315@2 ;kus ix ix ij dks Hkh gfjtu dgk x;k gSA os nsorkvksa ds fy;s
^fcuq* in gSA ;gk¡ ^fcuq ?ku* dk vfHkizk; gS Hkh tks nqyZHk gS ,sls lq[kksa dks R;kx dj izHkq ds
j?kqukFkth ds fcuk] ;kus mudh vuqifLFkfr esa lax fudy iM+s Fks&
Hkh tks lqgkouk yxs\ ,slk dsoy Hkxor~ ppkZ ;k ^^tgkWa jkeq rg¡ lcqb lektw] fcuq j?kqchj vo/k
lRlax esa gh lEHko ekuk x;k gS vkSj ,sls gh ufg dktwA
okrkoj.k dk l`tu izHkq tc làxcsjiqj igq¡ps gSa ys lkFk vl ea=q n`<+kbZ] lqj nqyZHk lq[k lnu
rc gqvk gSA izHkq ls ;g lqudj fd cuokl dh fcgkbZ**AA2@83@6
vof/k esa esjk xzke esa jguk&tkuk mfpr ugha ;gk¡ dk ladr s d îfjgfj* in dSdbZth
gksxk] fu"kkn jkt us izHkq ds 'k;u dh O;oLFkk ds dksi Hkou ls izkjEHk gksdj ^^csfx fiz;k
[kqys vkdk'k esa flalqik r# ¼'kh'ke dk isM+½ ds îfjgjfg* dqcs"kw**2@25@8 la`xcsjiqj rd de
uhps djok nhA y{e.kth lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls ls de nl ckj vk;k gSA ^^l[kk leqf> vl
muls dqN nwj tkdj ôhjklu* esa cSB x;sA îfjgfj* eksgw] fl; j?kqchj pju jr
izgfj;ksa dks txg txg fu;qDr djds gksgw**A2@93@1 rkRi;Z gS fd fu"kknjkt Hkh
fu"kknjktth Hkh y{e.kth ds ikl vkdj cSB gfjtuksa esa gSaA mUgksusa lc dqN izHkq ds pj.kksa esa
x;sA izHkq dks ;ksa /kjrh ij lks;k ns[kdj lefiZr dj dgk Fkk ^^nso /kjfu /kuq /kkeq
rqEgkjk] eSa tuq uhpq lfgr ifjokjk** 2@87@6 izHkq us ,sls gh fcjys HkDr dsoV dk n`"VkUr
vkSj Hkjrth rks mPpdksfV ds gfjtuksa esa gaSA Lo;a ds Jheq[k ls fn;k gSA mlds fu'Ny
;gk¡ ds ^vkdklk* ls ^vklk* rd ds lHkh O;ogkj ds dkj.k gh izHkq us mls eqfu fl)
ladrs d muds izlax esa gSa vkSj HkkokFkZ ds lkFk ;ksxhtuksa ds fy;s Hkh nqyZHk ekuh xbZ HkfDr
;s lHkh mudh vksj ladr s dj jgs gSa ^^le ne vuk;kl ¼tcju½ iznku dj nh&
late fu;e miklk] u[kr Hkjr fg; fcey ^^cgqr dhUg izHkq y[ku fl;¡ ufga dNq
^vdklk**2@324@4 A dsoVq ysbA
dgq¡ dgq¡ c`f"V lkjnh Fkksjh A dksm ,d iko fcnk dhUg d#uk;ru Hkxfr fcey c#
Hkxfr ftfe eksjh A nsb**A2@102
dgha dgha bu 'kkjnh; ¼uojk=ksa½ esa Hkh ;s jke HkDr dsoV] jkel[kk
FkksM+h lh o"kkZ gks jgh gSA tSls vusdkusd lk/kdksa fu"kknjktth ds mu fo'oLr tuksa ¼ikg# izrhrh½
esa ls dksbZ ,d ¼dìkik=½ gh esjh HkfDr ikrk esa ls ,d gSa] ftls mUgksaus Jhjketkudhth dh
gSA lsok esa izgfj;ksa ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k Fkk
^dgq¡ dgq¡ o`f"V lkjnh Fkksjh& pS=ekl ds uojk=ksa ^^xqg¡ cksykb îkg# izrhrh*] Bk¡o Bk¡o jk[ks vfr
dks oklfUrd uojk= vkSj vkf'ou ekg ds izhrh**2@89@3A ml jkr y{e.kth us
uojk=ksa dks 'kkjnh; uojk=k dgk tkrk gSA fu"kknjkt dks tks ^^y{e.k&xhrk** dk mins'k
caxky esa rks ^'kkjnh; uojk=k* ds uke ls gh fd;k Fkk ¼ns[ksa nksgk 91 ls 93 v;ks0½A ml
egksRlo euk;k tkrk gSA vkSj caxkyh gh o"kkZ mins'k ls bl dsoV us lkjxfHkZr ckr tku yh
dks ^c`f"V* dgrs gSaA ;s ^Fkksjh* o"kkZ [kjhQ dh fd lk{kkr~ ijczã gh jketh ds :i esa vius
Qlyksa ds fy;s lksuk cjlus ds leku dherh HkDrksa dks lq[k igq¡pkus ds fy;s ekuo yhyk dj
vkSj 'kqHkQynk;h ekuh xbZ gSA jgs gSa& ^^Hkxr* Hkwfe Hkwlqj lqjfHk lqj fgr
^dksm ,d iko Hkxfr ftfe eksjh& ;g izlax ykfx dìkyA
vR;Ur e/kqj vkSj izsekHkfDr ls vksr izksr gS] djr pfjr /kfj euqt ruq lqur feVfga
blfy;s izHkq Hkh vius nqjko dks R;kx dj tx tky**AA2@93
¼ek/kq;Z yhyk ds jke ds LFkku ij iw.kZ czã ds mlds ân; esa ckr iSB xbZ fd Hkys gh
,s'o;Z Hkko esa½ lh/ks êksjh* in ij vk x;s gSaA izHkq us cfy ds le; =SsyksD; dks v<+kbZ ix esa
^dksm ,d iko* vfu'p; okpd gSA bl ^dksm ukik gks fdUrq vkt rks dìkyq dks uj yhyk
,d* esa nqyZHk dk ladr s gSA îko* dk rkRi;Z gS pfjrkFkZ djuh gSA vr% jketh dks uko }kjk gh
vuk;kl ik tkuk] buke ds :i esa viuh xaxk ikj djuh gksxh ,oa blds fy;s esjk fugksjk
;ksX;rk o {kerk ls vf/kd ik tkukA ekrk Hkh djuk gksxkA vkxs Bhd ,slk gh gqvk ^^lksb
ikoZrhth dks Hkh dkdHkq'kqf.Mth ds fy;s ftKklk dìkyq dsoVfg ^fugksjk*] tsfga txq fd; frgq
gqbZ fd ;s gSa rks dkSos ds 'kjhj esa vkSj bUgksaus ixgq rs Fkksjk**2@100@4A blfy;s bl Hkksys
lcls nqyZHk ekuh xbZ jke HkfDr ik yh ;g HkDr us og ckr ¼eeZ tkurk gWwa½ dg nh ftls
dSls laHko gqvk\ czãk] fo".kq] egs'k Hkh ugha dg ik;s& ^^fcf/k
^^lc rs lks nqyZHk lqj jk;k] jke Hkxfr jr gfj laHkq upkofu gkjsA rsm u tkufga êjeq*
xr en ek;k A rqEgkjk] vkS# rqEgfg dks
lks gfj Hkxfr dkx fdfe îkbZ*] fcLoukFk tkufugkjk**2@126@2A uko ekaxus ij dsoV us
eksfg dggq cq>kbZ**A 7@53@8 Hkxoku Li"V dg fn;k fd eSa vkids eeZ dks tkurk gw¡&
lnkf'ko dk ljy lk mÙkj Fkk fd jketh dh ^êkaxh uko u dsoVq vkuk] dgb rqEgkj ejeq
HkfDr jketh dh dìk ls gh dksbZ ,dk/k fcjyk eSa tkuk**2@99@3A
gh ik tkrk gS ^^lks j?kqukFk Hkxfr Jqfr xkbZ]
jkedìkWa dkgw¡ ,d îkbZ**7@125@8A ;gk¡ Hkh
dsoVth us izHkq ds ikn&iz{kkyu dk dk;Z 2@210@7 blesa Hkjr vkSj dkS'kY;kth dk
cM+s vuqjkx ls fd;kA muds pj.kksa dk foyki Hkh gS ^^rm u ^rtk* ruq tho
pj.kksnd] tks fd lalkj ds lHkh izkf.k;ksa ds vHkkxs**2@165@6A of'k"Bth dk fn;k mins'k
fy;s loZFkk vyH; ekuk x;k gS] mls lifjokj gS ^^lksfpv fciz tks csn fcghuk] ^rft* fut /kjeq
xzg.k fd;kA ;g lc dSls lEiUu gqvk bls fo"k; y; yhuk**2@171@3A Hkjrth }kjk dh xbZ
lHkh tkurs gSaA pw¡fd y{e.kth us j?kqukFkth ds uxj O;oLFkk esa Hkh ^rft* yxk gS ^^lifr lc
pj.kksa esa ^vuqjkx* gksus dk mins'k fd;k Fkk j?kqifr dS vkgh] tkS fcuq tru pykS ^rft*
vr% dsoV us Hkh vfr vuqjkx ls mex&mex rkgh**2@185@3A ^rft* in ds }kjk vkSj Hkh
dj pju i[kkjs & cgqr dqN dgk x;k gSA bl nksgs ds iwokZ/kZ esa
^^vfr vkuUn mefx ^vuqjkxk*] pju ljkst Hkjrth dh fp=dwV izLFkku dh iwjh xkFkk fufgr
i[kkju ykxkA gS rks mÙkjk/kZ esa
cjf"k lqeu lqj ldy flgkgha] ,fg le iqU; v;ks/;k ykSVus ds ckn dk izlax lek;k gqvk
iqat dksm ukgha** 2@100@8 mijksDr îqU; gSA ^pys gjf"k rft* ls rkRi;Z gS tc fp=dwV
iqat dksm ukgha* dks gh izHkq us ^dksm ,d iko* pyus dk fu.kZ; gqvk rks lHkh tuksa esa g"kZ Nk
dgk] vkSj mudh iz’ka”kk esa nsoksa us tks lqeu x;kA os n'kjFk&ej.k ds nq%[k dks Hkh Hkwy x;s&
o`f"V dh] mls gh 'kkjnh; o`f"V ds :i esa o.kZu ^^pyr izkr yf[k fujum uhds] Hkjrq izku fiz; Hks
fd;k gS A lcgh dsA2@184@2
nksgk& pys gjf"k rft uxj uì rkil ?kj ?kj lktfga ckgu ukuk] ^gj"kq* ân;¡ ijHkkr
cfud fHk[kkfj i;kuk**A2@185@1
ûxj uì rkil cfud fHk[kkfj& ûxj* ls
ftfe gfj Hkxfr ikb Je rtfga
vfHkizk; v;ks/;k uxjh ls gS ,oa ogk¡ ds lHkh
vkJeh pkfj AA16AA uj ukfj;ksa ls Hkh& ^ûxj* yksx lc lft lft
uojk=ksa ds ckn gf"kZr eu ls uxj ls tkuk] fp=dwV dg¡ dhUg i;kuk**A ûì* in
jktk fot; ;k=k ds fy;s] riLoh ri ds fy;s] jketh us Hkjrth ds fy;s iz;qä fd;k gS] blds
cfu;s O;kikj ds fy;s vkSj fHk[kkjh fHk{kkVu ds igys Hkh mUgksaus bUgsa jktk ¼jkm½ dgk gS ^^rkr
fy;s vius uxj dks] vFkok o"kkZ ls cpus ds cpu iqfu ekrq fgr Hkkb Hkjr vl
fy;s vc rd ftu jSu clsjksa esa #ds gq;s Fks ^jkm**2@125A vkSj xqgjktus rks bUgsa ûì* gh
mUgsa] R;kx dj py iM+sA tSls fd fofo/k lk/kuksa ekuk gS ^^Hkjr Hkkb ûìq* eSa tu uhpw] cM+s
vkSj riksa ds }kjk gfj HkfDr izkIr gks tkus ds Hkkx vfl ikbv ehpw**1@189@4A ^rkil
i'pkr~ pkjksa vkJeh ¼czãp;Z] x`gLFk] okuizLFk cfud fHk[kkfj* ;s in Hkh fdlh u fdlh vFkZ
vkSj lU;kl vkJe½ bu vkJeksa ds fu;e esa Hkjrth ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gq;s gSa ;Fkk& ^êkxm¡*
ca/kuksa dks R;kx nsrs gSaA vFkkZr~ ,d ek= Hkxor~ Hkh[k ¼fHk[kjh½ R;kfx fut /kjew] vkjr dkg u djb
vkJ; xzg.k dj ysrs gSaA dqdjew**2@203@7A ^^y[ku jke fl; dkuu clgha]
^pys gjf"k rft uxj uì& frfFk x.kdksa ds Hkjrq Hkou cfl ri ¼rkil½ ruq
vuqlkj vkt fot;kn'keh gS] {kf=;ksa dk fo'ks"k dlgha**2@325@2A izlaxkuqlkj n'kjFk&ej.k dh
R;kSgkj blfy;s ûì* in igys fn;kA i<+us esa ppkZ igys dh gSs vr% ^rkil* in esa n'kjFkth
rks ;g nksgk cM+k vViVk lk yxrk gS oLrqr% }kjk dgh xbZ Jo.kdqekj dh xkFkk Hkh gS
^vjFkq vfer vfr vk[kj Fkksjs* ds vuqlkj ^^rkil* va/k lki lqf/k vkbZ] dkSlY;fg lc
blds izR;sd in esa gh ^vfr vfer* Hkko Hkjs dFkk lqukbZ**2@154@4A vkSj ^rkil* esa
gSaA igys ,d ^rft* in dks ns[ksa blesa n'kjFkth Hkjrth vkSj Hkj}kt eqfu dh HksaV dk izlax Hkh
ds 'kjhj&R;kx dk mYys[k fd;k gS ^^jke fcjg¡ vk tkrk gS ^^lqugq Hkjr ge >wB u dggha]
^rft* ruq Nu Hkaxw] Hkwi lksp dj dou izlaxw**
mnklhu ^rkil* cu jggha**2@204@3A ^^cu j?kqifr lqjifr ujukgw] rqEg ,fg Hkk¡fr rkr
dFkkØe ds vuqlkj of'k"Bth] okensoth o dnjkgwA2@175@3 flj /kfj xqj vk;lq vuqljgw] iztk
vU; eqfutuksa dks rkil dksfV esa gh ekuk x;k ikfy ifjtu nq[kq gjgw**A2@175@6 vkSj Lo;a
gS ^^fciz cÙn pf<+ ckgu ukuk] pys ldy Hkjrth dks Hkh viuk gB v/kkfeZd vkSj
^ri* rst fu/kkuk** vr% mUgsa Hkh Lej.k fd;k ikitud gh yxk Fkk ^^mfpr fd vuqfpr fd,¡
gSA cfud ls rkRi;Z ogk¡ ds ctkt ljkQ cfu;s fcpk#] /kjeq tkb flj ikrd Hkk#** 2@176@4A
egktu bR;kfn vkSj fHk[kkjh ls ;kpd] ekx/k blds fy;s mUgksaus {kek Hkh pkgh gS ^^mr: nsmWa
lwr c¡fnx.k vkfn gSa ^^fciz êgktu* ¼cfud½ Nec vijk/kw] nqf[kr nks"k xqu xufga u
lfpo lc tqjs lHkkln vkb**2@253A lkjka'k lk/kw**2@176@8A fdUrq viuk gB ugha NksM+k
esa Hkjrth ds lax ;s lc Hkh fp=dwV pysA dfo ^,dfga vk¡d bgb eu ekgha] izkrdky pfygm¡
rqylhnklth Hkh blesa ‘kkfey gq;s gSaA ^rkil* izHkq ikgha**2@182@2 D;ksafd mUgsa jketh ds
os’k esa gh mUgksaus jketh ls HksaV dh Fkh& fcuk ;s lc ¼jkT; 'kjhj vkfn½ oSls gh csdkj
yxs tSls fd&
^^rsfg volj ,d ^rkilq* vkok] rstiqat
y?kqc;l lqgkok**A ^^ckfn clu fcuq Hkw"ku Hkk#] ckfn fcjfr fcuq czzã
^^dfc vyf[kr xfr cs”kq fcjkxh] eu dze cpu fcpk:A
l#t ljhj ckfn cgq Hkksxk] fcuq ^gfjHkxfr* tk;¡
jke vuqjkxh**A 2@109@8 iqu% Hkjrth ds
ti tksxkA
lax fp=dwV ig¡qps gSa] xksLokehth us mYys[k
tk;¡ tho fcuq nsg lqgkbZ A ckfn eksj lcq fcuq
fd;k gS ^^dfydky rqylh ls lBfUg gfB jke
j?kqjkbZ**A2@177@6 HkkokFkZ ljy vkSj euu ;ksX;
lueq[k djr dks** 2@326@NanA gSA jketh vuqdy w jgs] muds izfr vuqjkx jgk
^ftfe gfj Hkxfr ikb Je rtfga& bl iafDr esa rks thou Hkh lQy gks tk;sxkA
fufgr xw<+kFkZ dks mtkxj djus okyk ,d 'yksd vkSjksa dks le>kus esa rks Hkjrth dks le; yxk]
Jhxhrkth esa gS & fdUrq Hkj}kt eqfu us muds dne dks mfpr
^^;kokuFkZ mnikus loZr% lEIyqrksndsA ekuk gS ^^jke Hkxfr* jl flf) fgr Hkk ;g
rkoku~ losZ"kq osns"kq czkã.kL; lem xuslq**2@208A
fotkur%**AA xhrkth2@49 ^rtfga vkJeh pkfj& blds foijhr] fp=dwV ls
ogk¡ Hkxoku Jhd`".k us dgk gS fd lc izdkj ykSVrs le; Hkjrth ds lkFk izHkq iznÙk iknqdk,¡
ls ifjiw.kZ tyk'k; ¼gfj'kj.kkxfr½ ds izkIr gks Fkha ^îzHkq dfj dìk ik¡ojh nhUgha] lknj Hkjr
tkus ij NksVs tyk'k; ¼/kekZJeksa½ esa euq"; dk lhl /fj yhUgh**2@315@7A ;s dsoy dgus dks
ftruk iz;kstu jgrk gS czã dks rÙo ls tkuus gh iknqdk,¡ Fkha vU;Fkk JhHkjrth us rks bUgsa
okys czkã.k dk Hkh leLr osnksa esa mruk gh lk{kkr~ lhrkjketh gh ekuk gSs ^^vl lq[k tl
iz;kstu jg tkrk gSA fl; jkeq jgs rsa**A2@315@8 vkSj ;s tM+ ugha
bls le>us ds fy;s] fp=dwV pyus ds iw.kZ psru Fkha buls vkKk ysdj gh os jkT;
iwoZ ds bl n`'; dks ;kn djsa tgk¡ Hkjrth Lo;a dk;Z fd;k djrs Fks&
^^fur iwtr izHkq ik¡ojh izhfr u ân;¡
vkJe e;kZnk dk mYya?ku djus okys izrhr gks
lekfrA
jgs FksA mUgsa v;ks/;k jkT; lEgkyus gsrq xq#
ekfx ekfx vk;lq djr jkt dkt cgq
of'k"Bth us vkns'k fn;k Fkk& ^^djgq jktq ifjgjgq
Hkk¡fr**AA2@325
xykuh] ekugq eksj cpu fgr tkuh**2@174@4A ekrk lw{e&/;ku nsxas rks Li"V gks tk;sxk fd
dkS'kY;k lfgr lHkh lfpoksa us] iztk&ifjtuksa us bu [kM+kÅ¡ :ih lhrkjketh ¼HkfDr½ ds v;ks/;k
Hkh viuh ;Fkk'kfDr] ;FkklkeF;Z vkns'k] vkxzg i/kkj tkus ds ckn leLr v;ks/;kokfl;ksa ds
vkSj mykgus ds :i esa cgqr dqN dgk Fkk& /kekZJe ifjofrZr gks x;sA izFke rks xq#
of'k"Bth gh ,sls vfHkHkwr gq;s fd f'k";
¼Hkjrth½ dks f'k{kk nsus ds LFkku ij Lo;a muds vf=eqfu vkSj mudh /keZiRuh vuqlw;kth blh
vkpj.kksa dk vuqlj.k djus yxs ^^leq>c dgc ^lq[kh ehu* dksfV ds fu"dke Kkuh HkDrksa es gSaA
djc ^rqEg* tksbZ] /kje lk# tx gksbfg ;gk¡ ^vxk/kk* esa Hkjrth tks izHkq ds jkT;kfHk"ksd
lksbZ**2@302@8A ifjtu vkSj iztk Hkh ds fy;s lc rhFkksZa dk ifo= ty yk;s Fks] ftls
^x`gLFkkJe* dks ^rft* ôkuizfLFk;ksa* dk lk vf=eqfu dh lEefr ls fo'ks"k dq,¡ ¼Hkjrdwi½ esa
thou thus yxh& j[kk x;k Fkk] ml izlax dk Hkh mYys[k gqvk gS&
^^jke njl yfx yksx lc djr use ^^lkuqt vkiq ^vf=eqfu* lk/kw] lfgr x, tg¡ dwi
micklA ^vxk/kw**A2@309@2 ^lq[kh ehu ts* esa lqrh{.k
^rft* ^rft* Hkw"ku Hkksx lq[k ftvr vof/k dh eqfu vkSj muds xq# vxLR;eqfu Hkh vkrs gSaA
vkl**AA2@322 ogk¡ ^ts* in gS ^^ts tufga rs tkugq Lokeh**
pw¡fd lc yksxksa us lHkh izdkj ds Hkksx lq[k vkSj ^vxk/k uhj* dk izrhd ^vfr ukxj*
R;kx j[ksa gSa vr% bu pkSng o"kZ dh vof/k esa ^Hkolkxj lsrq* gS
ogk¡ fdlh ds Hkh cky&oÙn gqvk gh ugha] rc ^ftfe gfj lju u ,dm ck/kk& ^gfj* dk
^czãp;kZJe* dk fooj.k dsSls miyC/k gks\ vkSj rkRi;Z gS ftldk Lej.k djus ek= ls lalkj ds
^laU;kl&vkJe* dk ,dek= mnkgj.k Lo;a uì leLr Dys’k vkf/k&O;kf/k dk gj.k gks tk;s
Hkjrth dk gh gS] tks v;ks/;k dks NksM+ uUnhxzke ^^Lej.k ek=s.kk'ks"k lalkj Dys'ka gjrhfr gfj%**A
esa tkdj riLoh thou thus yxs ^^tVktwV flj vkt tks ^^gfj'kj.ka gfj'kj.ka** dk ladhrZu
eqfu iV fd;k tkrk gS mu Hkxoku Jhgfj dk vorkj
/kkjh] efg [kfu dql lk¡Fkjh l¡okjh**A2@323@3 xtsUnzjkt dh j{kk ds fy;s gqvk FkkA tc os
v;ks/;kokfl;ksa ds bu vkpj.kksa dks y{; djds xzkg ¼exj½ ls yM+rs gq, Fkd x;s] cy pwd
gh izHkq us ^rtfga vkJeh pkfj* dgkA x;k] rc mUgksaus vkrZ Hkko ls ;Fkk’kfä] ;Fkk
lq[kh ehu ts uhj vxk/kk A ftfe gfj ifjfLFkfr ds izek.k ls ^fujkdkj&bZ'oj* dh
lju u ,dm ck/kk AA Lrqfr dh ,oa xtsUnzjkt us gfj dks dey iq"i
os eNfy;k¡ lq[kh gSa tks vFkkg ty esa HksaV djus dk iz;kl Hkh fd;k&
gSaA tSls fd gfj dh 'kj.k] tgk¡ ,d Hkh ^^lks·Ur%ljL;jL;qcysu x̀ghr vkrksZ ǹ"V~ok x#Refr gfja [k
vkf/k&O;kf/k ugha O;kirhA mikÙk&pØe~A
^lq[kh ehu ts uhj vxk/kk& ;g ^ts* in mfR{kI; lkEcqtdja fxjekg d`PNkUukjk;.kkf[ky xqjks Hkxou~ ueLrs**A
cgqopu gS vFkkZr~ ;gk¡ ,d ls vf/kd izlaxksa dh xtsUnzeks{k dh ;g dFkk Jhen~Hkkxor ds v"Ve
ppkZ gSA ;gk¡ ^vxk/kk* in ls rkRi;Z ,sls LdU/k esa gSA
fo'kky dwi ;k ljksoj ls gS] tgk¡ ^^ty ladksp xtsUnzjkt us gfj dks iq”i fn;k rks
fcdy Hkb¡ ehuk** okyh fLFkfr gksus gh u ikos] 'kcjhth us Hkh izHkq dks dsoy Qy gh f[kyk;s
vkSj u gh ml unh dh rjg gS tksfd ^^cjf"k gSaA og rks mudh rjg Lrqfr Hkh ugha dj
x,¡ iqfu rcfga lq[kkgha** ;kus rqjUr lw[k tk;sA ldh ^^dsfg fcf/k vLrqfr djkSa rqEgkjh] v/ke
ekul oanuk izdj.k esa] ,sls gh vxk/k dq.M tkfr eSa tM+efr Hkkjh**A fdUrq muds f[kykus dk
¼ân½ dh ppkZ gS ftlesa fu"dke Kkuh Hkä Hkko bruk e/kqj Fkk fd mudk jlkLoknu djus
vius eu dks jke uke jlke`r esa êhu* cuk;s ds ckn izHkq us vius ifjokj o llqjky esa gh
j[krs gSa& ugha vfirq of'k"Bth ,oa lHkh lxs lEcfU/k;ksa
^^ldy dkeuk ghu ^ts* jke Hkxfr ls Hkh ;gh dgk fd 'kcjh ds Qyksa tSlh ek/kqjh
jl yhuA ugha feyh&
uke lqizse fi;q"k ân frUggq¡ fd, ^^?kj xq# x`g fiz; lnu lklqjs] Hkb tc tg¡
eu ehu**AA1@22 igqukbZA
rc rg¡ dfg lcjh ds Qyfu dh #fp ek/kqjh u eqfnr eu ls izHkq us dgk dey f[ky
ikbZAAfou;0164 x;s ;g ljksoj dSlk lqgkouk yx jgk gSA tc
'kcjhth Kkfu;ksa dh Js.kh esa ugha vkrh iz'u gS rks LokHkkfod gS fd tks le{k esa
gSaA vr% izHkq us igys mUgsa uo/kk HkfDr lqukbZA mifLFkr gksxk ogh viuh {kerkuqlkj mÙkj
vkSj rc mUgsa uo/kk HkfDr ls lEiUu Bgjk;k nsxkA vr% thokpk;Z y{e.kth us jgL;ksn~?kkVu
^^ldy izdkj Hkxfr n`<+ rksjs** vkSj muesa djrs gq;s dgk fd fuxq.kZ czã ¼ty½ gh ekuksa
tkfrxr ghu Hkkouk Hkh u jgs blfy;s dgk lxq.k lkdkj ¼dey ds :i esa½ cu dj
^êe njlu Qy ije vuwik] tho iko fut lq'kksfHkr gks jgk gksA
lgt l:ik**3@35@9A izHkq dh utjksa esa Kkuh ^Qwysa dey lksg lj dSlk& /;ku jgs fd izHkq us
o HkDr esa vUrj ugha gS ^^X;kufga Hkxrfga ljksoj dh iz'kalk dh gS] u fd deyksa dh] mls
varj ds rks** bls n'kkZus ds fy;s gh izHkq us mUgsa gh ^lksg lj dSlk* dgk gSA ^lj* ls izHkq dk
xtsUnzjkt ¼Kkuh½ dk vuqxeu djus okyh rkRi;Z vius vkjk/; Hkxoku f'ko ds ân; ls gS
^dfjcj xkfeuh* dh miek nsdj] Kku lEiUu tgk¡ os ¼ljkst :i esa½ Lo;a fcjktrs gSa ^^gj
fl) djus ds fy;s muls lhrkth dk irk iwN mj ^lj* ljkst in tsbZ] vgksHkkX; eSa nsf[kgm¡
fy;k ^^tud lqrk db lqf/k Hkkfeuh] tkufg dgq rsbZ**5@4A ljHkax eqfu us Hkh bUgsa Hkxoku
^dfjcj xkfeuh** 3@35@10A ¼Hkkfeuh¾Hknz 'kadj ds ân; ljksoj ds jktgal gh dgk gS
L=h] tkufg¾ijkRij Kkuh] dfjcj¾xtsUnz] Js"B ^^dg eqfu lquq j?kqchj dìkyk ladj ekul
gkFkh] xkfeuh¾vuqxeu djus okyh½A rkRi;Z gS jktejkyk**3@7@1A ;ksa rks ^dey* fuxq.kZ czã
fd bl ^gfj lj.k* esa tgk¡ 'kcjhth dh dFkk dk izrhd gS fdUrq ;g lxqq.k:i Jhjke ds
lekbZ gqbZ gS] rks blesa ogk¡ dgh xbZ xtsUnz eks{k izR;sd vax&izR;ax ds fy;s Hkh iz;qDr gqvk gSA
dh dFkk Hkh gSA ladr s dksa ds fy;s ogk¡ dh bu vj.;dk.M dh Lrqfr;ksa dk gh voyksdu dj
nks iafDr;ksa dk voyksdu djsa&^^dfg dFkk ldy ysa] vf=th us Hkxoku ds pj.kksa dks dey dgk
fcyksfd ^gfj* eq[k ân;¡ in iadt /kjsA gS ^^Hktkfe rs inkacqta**] u;uksa dks yky dey
rft tksx ikod nsg ^gfj* in yhu Hkb tg¡ ufg dgk gS ^îzQqYy dat ykspua**] lqrh{.kth dks
fQjs**A3@39Nan izHkq dk iwjk Jhfoxzg gh uhy dey lk yxk
/;ku nsa ;gk¡ ds ^gfj eq[k ân;¡ in ^^';ke rkejl nke 'kjhja**A vkSj rks vkSj
iadt /kjs* esa u dsoy gfj ‘kj.k dk cfYd vxLR; eqfu tks Lo;a dks fuxq.kZ fujkdkj rÙo
xtsUnzjkt ds lw¡M }kjk gfj dks dey HksaV djus dk lk/kd ekurs gS&
dk iwjk Hkko lek;k gqvk gSA ^,dm* ladr s d ^^t|fi czã v[kaM vuark] vuqHko xE; Hktfga
Hkh ogk¡ uo/kk HkfDr dh ppkZ esa gS ^ûo egq¡ tsfga larkA
^,dm* ftUg ds gksbZ] ukfj iq#"k lpjkpj vl ro :i c[kkum¡ tkum¡] fQfj fQfj lxqu czã jfr
dksbZ**A3@34@9 vkSj bl Vhdk&d`r pkSikbZ dk ekum¡**3@12@13 ,ssls rÙo Kkuh gksdj Hkh os izHkq
lVhd lekukFkZd nksgk Hkh ogkWa 'kcjh izlax ds ds pj.k deyksa esa gh vHkax izhfr pkgrs gSa
ckn gh gS & ^^pju ^ljks#g* izhfr vHkaxk**A ;gk¡ dk ladr s d
^^lq[kh ehu* lc ,djl vfr ^vxk/k* ;g ^dey* in bu lHkh izlaxksa esa cgqrk;r ls
ty ekfga A feysxk ^ûfga n`<+ pju ^dey*
tFkk /keZlhyUg ds fnu lq[k latqr vuqjkxk**3@9@7 ¼lqrh{.kth½ ^êqfu in
tkfga** AA3@39 ¼[k½ ^dey* ijs }kS HkkbZ**3@11@10 ¼vxLR;th½
vkSj ^jkexhrk mins’k* esa Lo;a ds Jheq[k ls
Qwysa dey lksg lj dSlk A fuxqZu czã Jhjketh us mijksDr larksa ds ân; :ih dey
lxqu Hk,¡ tSlk AA esa fuokl djus dh dgh gS ^^frUg ds ân;
^dey* egq¡ djm lnk foJke**A3@16
^fuxqZu czã lxqu Hk,¡ tSlk& oLrqr% Jhy{e.kth vkSj Hkh leLr in ladr s d ds :i esa fey
dks NsM+us ds fy;s gh izHkq us ;gk¡ ,dopu esa tk;asxAs izdj.k dk izkjEHk gh ^lksg* in vkSj
^lksg lj dSlk* iwNk gSA ;fn jketh dks leLr ^dSls&tSls* rqdkar ls gqvk gS ^^cSBs ^lksg*
ljksojksa ds fy;s dguk gksrk rks os ^lksg lj dkefjiq ^dSlas*] /kjs ljh# lkarjlq
dSlS* dgrsA pw¡fd lkSfe= #nzkorkj Hkh gSa vkSj ^tSlas**1@106@1A ekrk ikoZrh us tks igyk
os pkgsas 'kadj Lo:i esa gksa ;k guqekuth ds iz'u fd;k gS mlesa Hkh ^fuxqZu czã lxqu* in
vFkok y{e.kth ds :i esa] bUgsa viuh iz'kalk gS ^îzFke lks dkju dggq fcpkjh] fuxqZu czã
;k ljkguk lqgkrh gh ugha gSA ekrk ikoZrhth us lxqu
yadk ngu izlax esa Hkxoku ‘kadj ls ljkgus ds ciq/kkjh**1@109@4A muds bl iz'u dh fo'kn
Hkko ls dg fn;k fd guqekuth us rks ,d O;k[;k gh ;g ^jkepfjrekul* gSA lkFk gh
fufe”k esa gh lewph yadk tyk Mkyh ^^tkjk ,slh foLe;tud ckr gS fd blesa tgk¡&tgk¡
ux# fufe”k ,d ekgha** fQj Hkh mudk ekrk ikoZrh ds iz'uksa dk mÙkj fufgr gS
cky&ckadk ugha gqvkA bl iz’kalk dks lqudj
ogk¡&ogk¡ vkidks mijksDr ¼izdkj ds½ ladr s d
'kadjth rqjUr dg mBs fd vjs ftlus vkx dk
feyrs tk;sax]s tSlkfd ^^tks xqu jfgr ^lxqu*
fuekZ.k fd;k mlh dk nwr rks gS guqeku]
lksb ^dSls] tyq fge miy fcyx ufga
blhfy;s og ugha tyk ^^rk dj nwr vuy tsfga
^tSls**1@115@3A pw¡fd ogk¡ ij Hkxoku f'ko ds
flfjtk] tjk u lks rsfg dkju
izR;qÙkj esa jkekorkj dk dkj.k ^^ck<+fg vlqj v/ke
fxfjtk**A5@25@6 jketh us Hkh guqekuth dh
iz’ka”kk esa dg fn;k fd gs dfi izoj! jko.k tSls vfHkekuh** gS blhfy;s mUgksaus ¼mnkgj.k½ esa dBksj
nq)”kZ ;ks)kvksa }kjk lajf{kr vkSj vius vki esa ^fge miy* dh miek nhA fdUrq ;s jketh _f"k
lqn`<+ yadk uxjh dks rqeus fdruh vklkuh ls eqfu;ksa ds izse ds dkj.k vorfjr gq;s gSa ^^gfj
tyk fn;k ^^dgq dfi jkou ikfyr yadk] dsfg C;kid loZ= lekuk] izse rsa izxV gksfga eSa
fcf/k nqgsm nqxZ vfr cadk**5@32@5 guqekuth tkuk**1@184@5 vr% ;gk¡ mijksä dksey
dks Hkh iz’ka”kk lqgkbZ ugha Li”V dgk gS fd eSa rks dey dh miek nhA
cUnj gw¡ ^lk[kke`x dh cfM+ euqlkbZ* ;g lc rks ;ksa rks Kku?kkV ds vkpk;Z Hkxoku 'kadj
vkids izrki ls gqvk gS ^^lks lc ro izrki us ^^lxqufg vxqufg ufga dNq Hksnk xkofga eqfu iqjku
j?kqjkbZ] ukFk u dNw eksfj izHkqrkbZ**5@32@9 cq/k csnk**A1@115@1 bl rRo dk fu:i.k fd;k
;gk¡ Hkh y{e.kth us rqd c rqd dgk fd gSA fdUrq dFkk mUgksaus dsoy lxq.k lkdkj
ljksoj lqgkouk ugha gqvk gS] tSlk igys Fkk jkekorkj dh dgh gSA vkSj ;gk¡ izo"kZ.k ioZr
oSlk gh gS dsoy fuxqZ.k czã ds lxq.k gks tkus ij jketh tks izopu ns jgs gSa] og fuxqZ.k rRo
ls gh og lqgkouk yx jgk gSA dk c[kku gks jgk gSA ijUrq Hkk"kkc) gksrs le;
bl jkepfjrekul dks Hkh ^lj* gh dgk x;k mlesa] ^mj izsjd j?kqcal fcHkw"ku* dh izsj.kk ls]
gS& ,sls 'kCn ladr s dksa dk la;kstu Hkh gksrs tk jgk
^^lqfB lqUnj lackn cj fcjps cqf) gS fd gesa lxq.k&lkdkj dh yhyk >k¡dh Hkh fey
fcpkfjA jgh gSA
rsb ,fg ikou lqHkx ^lj* ?kkV euksgj ;gk¡ ^Qwysa dey* vkSj ^lxqu Hk,¡* ;s
pkfj**AA1@39 nksuksa in cgqcpu gSaA fuxqZ.k fujkdkj ds
oLrqr% ;g lj ¼ekul½ Hkh 'kadjth ds mikldksa ds fy;s Hkys gh vusd deyksa ds vFkZ
ân; ljksoj ls gh fudyk gqvk gS ^^jfp egsl esa egÙkÙoksa dh /kkj.kk mfpr gks ldrh gS fdUrq
fut ekul jk[kk] ikbZ lqlem flok lu lxq.k lkdkj okyksa dk #>ku rks vius ,d bZ"V
Hkk"kk**1@34@11 ogk¡ Hkh ;kus mek 'kaHkq laokn ij gh gksrk gS] lqrh{.kth rks ftl fo”.kq ls
dh iz'uksÙkjh esa] ;gk¡ ds rqdkar ^dSlk&tSlk* lekorkj gqvk mls ns[k dj Hkh vdqyk x;s
^^Hkwi :i cr jke nqjkok] ân;¡ prqHkqZt :i ;kstd ugha yxs gSa] D;ksa \ D;ksafd foxr v)kZyh
ns[kkokA eqfu vdqykb mBk rc dSls] fcdy ghu esa izHkq us iz'u fd;k Fkk ^Qwysa dey lksg lj
efu Qfu cj tSlsa**A3@9@19 vr% mlesa dSlk* vkSj blds izR;qÙkj esa y{e.kth dh lVhd
^lxqu Hk,¡* cgqopu Bhd ugha t¡prkA osnkUr fVIi.kh Fkh fd ^^fuxqZu czã lxqu Hk,¡ tSlk**A
ds vuqlkj rks bldk lek/kku ^^,dks·ga mudh blh fVIi.kh ls gf"kZr gksdj bu ^vuwik*
cgqL;kfe** ;kus ifjiw.kZ czã gh vxf.kr :iksa esa tuksa us g"kZ Hkko ls vius xqatu vkSj dwtu ds
:ikf;r gqvk gSA ekul esa izHkq us Hkh ,d ds }kjk lgefr O;Dr dh gSA ^Qwysa dey lksg* esa
vusd va’k gksus dh dh ckr euq 'kr:ikth ls mifLFkr fl)x.kksa o _f"k eqfu;ksa ds u;uksa dks
dgh gS ^^valUg lfgr nsg /kfj rkrk] dfjgm¡ n'kZu&ykHk gqvk FkkA vkSj ;gk¡ ^[kx jo ukuk*
pfjr Hkxr lq[k nkrk**A vkSj ,slh gh ?kks”k.kk esa mudh ok.kh dks Lrou ¼Lrqfr½ lq[k feyk gSA
czãok.kh us Hkh nsoksa ds le{k dh Fkh ^^valUg ;gk¡ ^xq¡tr* vkSj ^vuwik* nksuksa gh ,d
lfgr euqt vorkjk] ysgm¡ fnudj cal opu gSa vkSj êq[kj* in ;kus okpky] okdiVq
mnkjk**1@186@2A ^valUg lfgr* ls rkRi;Z gS Hkh yxk gSA bl izdkj dh ,dy vkSj okpky
fd pkj Hkkb;ksa ;Fkk jke] y{e.k] Hkjr] 'k=q?u Js.kh esa ;s rhuksa gh ;kus 'kjHkaxth] lqrh{.kth
ds :i esa vorfjr gksukA blh dks ;gk¡ ^Qwysa ,oa nsof"kZ ukjnth vkrs gSaA fdUrq ;gk¡ tks
dey* dgk gSA ;ksa Jhtudth tksfd KkuekxhZ gSa ^lqUnj [kx jo ukuk :ik* dgk x;k gS oks
mUgksaus jke&y{e.k nksuksa dks gh ,d czã iw.kZr% 'kjHkaxth ds n`"VkUr esa gh ns[kus feyrk
¼ijes'oj½ dgk gS ^^czã* tks fuxe usfr dfg gS tksfd mu nksuksa ds izlaxksa esa ugha gSA fQj ;g
xkok] mHk; os"k /kfj dh lksb vkok**1@215@2A ^lqUnj* in Hkh mUgha dh vksj ladr s dj jgk gS
vr% ;gk¡ lxq.k lkdkj esa Hkh cgqopu fy[kk ^îqfu vk, tgk¡ eqfu ljHkaxk] ^lqUnj* vuqt tkudh
tkuk loZFkk mfpr gSA laxk**3@6@8A iqjk.kksa esa ,d n`"VkUr feyrk gS
xqatr e/kqdj eq[kj vuwik A lqanj [kx jo fd dey dk yksHkh ê/kqdj* Hkzej jkf= esa mlh
ukuk :ik AA esa can gks tkrk gS vkSj Hkksj ds igys gh
xq¡tu djrs gq;s Hkzej dh /ofu ¼Lrqfr½ dky:ih xtjkt ds }kjk pck fy;k tkrk gSA
vuqie gSA vuqie lqanj i{kh Hkh ukuk izdkj ls 'kjHakxth dh dFkk esa mUgsa Hkh ^Hkàx* gh dgk
ukuk :iksa esa pgd jgs gSaA eq[kj¾okDiVq] x;k gS vkSj mudk izk.kkUr Hkh ;ksxkfXu ds }kjk
okpkyA vkSj izHkq ds eq[k dey :ih edjan dk iku
xq¡tr e/kqdj eq[kj vuwik& HkkSjksa dks dey djrs gq;s gh gqvk gS&
izk.kfiz; yxrs gSaA f[kys gq,s deyksa ij ¼Qwyksa ^^nsf[k jke eq[k iadt eqfucj ykspu ^Hkàx*
ij½ xqatu djuk mudh fiz; vkSj LokHkkfod A
fØ;k gS ^^fcdls ljflt ukuk jaxk] e/qkj eq[kj lknj iku djr vfr /kU; tUe
xqatr cgq Hkàxk**3@39@1A fdUrq ;gk¡ ij yxk ljHkax**AA3@6
gqvk ^vuwik* in Li"V js[kkfdar dj jgk gS fd ^^vl dfg tksx vfxfu ruq tkjk] jke dìk¡ cSdq.B
;g lkekU; Hkzej ;k [kx ugha gSaA izkjEHk esa gh fl/kkjk**A
lwfpr fd;k x;k Fkk fd bl fnO; izopu bl ^vfr /kU; tUe* in dks gh ;gk¡
Üka`[kyk dks lquus ds fy;s nsof"kZ ukjn] nsox.k] ^vuwik* Hkko esa mdsjk x;k gSA mudh Lrqfr esa
fl) eqfutu vkfn us gh e/kqdj] [kx] e`xkfn cPpksa dh lh okpkyrk vkSj eq[kjrk dh Li"V
dk :i /kkj.k dj j[kk gS ^ê/kqdj [kx e`x >yd gSA mUgksaus cPpksa ds leku izHkq ls dgk gS
ruq /kfj nsok] djfg fl) eqfu izHkq dS ^^tkr jgsm¡ fcjafp ds /kkek] lqusm¡ Jou cu
lsok**4@12@4A ;g Hkh /;ku nsosa fd ;gk¡ bl ,sgfga jkek**A rkRi;Z gS fd vkids dkj.k
pkSikbZ esa ^tl] tFkk] tuq ftfe] tSlsa* vkfn czzãyksd ugha x;kA igys mUgksaus lk;qT; eqfDr
pkgh ^^tc yfx feykS rqEgfg ruq R;kxh** ckn fd;k Fkk ^^/kqvk¡ nsf[k [kj nw"ku dsjk] tkb
esa bjknk cny dj Hksn HkfDr oj ekax fy;k lqiu[kk¡ jkou izsjk**3@20@5A ‘kwiZ.k[kk dh
^^rkrss eqfu gfj yhu u Hk;Å¡] izFkefg Hksn ckrksa ls mls jkr ¼fufl½ uhan Hkh ugha vkbZ Fkh
Hkxfr cj y;Å¡** 3@8@2A tSls Hkzej esa ,d ^^x;m Hkou vfr lksp cl uhan ijb ufga
iq"i ls nwljs iq"i ij mM+us dh o`fÙk jgrh gS jkfr**A3@22 ^fufl is[kh* ls ;gk¡ ladr s
osSls gh budh ckrksa esa gSA vr% mUgsa ê/kqdj lhrkth dh vksj gSA eUnksnjh us jko.k dks
eq[kj* dgk x;kA le>krs le; lhrkth dks ^fulk* gh dgk gS
^lqnaj [kx jo ukuk :ik& ;gk¡ ûkuk :ik* ls ^^ro dqy dey fcfiu nq[knkbZ] lhrk lhr
vfHkizk;% mu bDdhl izdkj ds _f"k eqfu;ksa ds ^fulk* le vkbZ**5@35@9A pdos ds fy;s
leqnk; ls gS tksfd 'kjHkaxth dh ;ksxkfXu ds jkf= nq[knkbZ ekuh xbZ gSA jko.k Hkh viuk var
volj ij ogk¡ mifLFkr Fks ns[ksa ok-jk-3@6 tku x;k Fkk] vr% ^fufl is[kh* dgk x;kA
lxZA vkSj mUgksaus 'kjHkaxth dks cSdq.B tkrs gq;s ;gk¡ 'kadk mBrh gS fd tc xksLokehth
ns[kdj t;dkjksa ls izHkq dh Lrqfr dh gS] bl us pkrd] pdqvk] pdksj] g¡l vkfn bu fofp=
Lrqfr dks gh ^[kx jo ukuk* dgk x;k gS& ty if{k;ksa dks iq.;'kkyh yksxksa dk] lk/kq&larksa
^^fjf"k fudk; eqfucj xfr ns[kh] lq[kh Hk, fut ân;¡ dk] vkSj izHkq ds uke xq.kksa dk Hkh izrhd eku
fcls"khA j[kk gS ^^lqd`rh lk/kq uke xqu xkuk] rs fcfp=
vLrqfr djfga ^ldy* eqfu cànk] t;fr izur fgr ty fcgx lekuk**1@36@1] rc jko.k tSl s
d#uk dank**3@8@3 nq"V O;fDr ds fy;s Hkh pØokd dh miek nsus
;gk¡ ^fjf"k fudk;* vkSj ^ldy eqfu cànk* gsS bls dk D;k vkSfpR; gS\ vkSj tc gesa Hkjr tSsls
gh ^[kx ukuk :ik* dgk x;kA vkn'kZ HkkbZ ds fy;s] og Hkh lEifÙk ds mYys[k
pØckd eu nq[k fufl is[kh A ftfe nqtZu ds lkFk gh] ;fn pdos dh miek i<+us dks fey
ij laifr ns[kh AA tk;s&
pdos dk eu jkf= dh izrhfr djds ^^laifr pdb Hkjrq ^pd* eqfu vk;lq
nq%[kh gSA tSlsfd nq"V O;fDr ijkbZ lEifRr dks [ksyokjA
ns[k dj nq%[kh gksrk gSA dgk Hkh gS ^^[kyUg rsfg ^fufl* vkJe fiat jk¡ jk[ks Hkk
ân; vfr rki fcls"kh] tjfga lnk ij laifr fHkuqlkj**AA2@215
ns[kh**7@38@3A is[kh¾isz{kk] izrhfrA rc rks jko.k ds fy;s pØokd dh miek xys ds
^pØckd eu nq[k fufl is[kh& n'kZu'kkL= esa uhps gh ugha mrjsxh] iwjk dFkkdze gh
pØokd jtksx.q k dk vkSj gal lrksx.q k dk izrhd diksydfYir vkSj Fkksik gqvk yxsxkA
gSA Jhjketh ds fy;s g¡l dh miek vusdksa ckj bldk Li"V lek/kku gS fd pkjksa
vkbZ gS ^^lsod eu ekul êjky dYikarks ds jko.k nq"V izd`fr ¼ftfe nqtZu½ ds
ls**1@31@14] ^^t; egsl eu ekul gksus ds mijkUr Hkh os fu%lUnsg iwoZ tUe ds
^galk**A1@284@5 vkSj cxqyk reksx.q k dk gS mPpre lqd`r'kkyh jgs gSaA ,d dYikUr dh
^^pØckd cd g¡l mM+kgh** 4@23@6A blds dFkk dk jko.k rks iwoZ tUe esa Jhgfj ds
vuqlkj ;s rhuksa pdok] cxqyk vkSj gal dze'k% }kjiky t;&fot; esa ls ,d FkkA vkSj ftl
jtks] reks] vkSj lrks xq.kh gq;s] reks xq.kh eaFkjk dFkk dk ekul esa lfoLrkj o.kZu gqvk gS] ml
dks ^cfdfg* dgk gS ^cfdfg ljkgb ekfu dYikar dk jko.k vius iwoZ tUe esa jktk
ejkyh*2@19@4 dFkkdze ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ izrkiHkkuq FkkA ftlds fy;s dgk x;k gS&
jtksx.q kh jko.k dk og izlax dgk x;k gS ftlesa ^^tg¡ yfx dgs iqjku Jqfr ,d ,d lc tkxA
[kj nw"k.kkfn ds fouk'k ds ckn] 'kwiZ.k[kk us ckj lgL= lgL= uì fd, lfgr
yadk tkdj mls Jhlhrk gj.k ds fy;s izsfjr vuqjkx**AA1@155
og ,slk iq.;'kkyh FkkA pkrd jVr r`"kk vfr vksgh A ftfe lq[k
;ksa pØokd dh miek ;{kifr dqcsjth ygb u ladjnzksgh AA
ds fy;s Hkh iz;qDr gqbZ gS ns[ksa ^^nsf[kvr ,d fu"B pkrd yxkrkj ^fim fim* jV
pØckd [kx ukgha**4@14@9 dh VhdkA dqcsjth jgk gSA mls Lokfr u{k= ds ty dh rhoz r`"kk
foJokeqfu ds T;s"B iq= gaS vr% jko.k ds Hkh yxh gqbZ gSA tSls pkrd dh r`"kk rÌr ugha gksrh
lkSrsys HkkbZ gq;sA blhfy;s jko.k dks ;gkWa ^nqtZu* oSls gh Jh'kadjth ls nzksg djus okyk Hkh lq[k
dh fVIi.kh ds lkFk ^pØckd* dh miek nh xbZ ugha ik ldrkA
gSA ^pkrd jVr r`"kk vfr vksgh& ^pkrd*
;gk¡ jko.k dks pdzckd dh miek izHkq us rqylhnklth ds ^fofp= fogaxksa* esa loksZifj gSA
gh iznku dh gSA izHkq ds fy;s ckjckj dgk x;k mlds îzse* dh ,slh fo'kn dhfrZ gS fd vR;qÙke
gS fd mUgsa vius lsodksa }kjk fd;s vijk/kksa dh g¡l Hkh mldh lekurk ugha dj ikrk&
Le`fr gh ugha jgrh gSA cfYd os rks mlds ân; ^^ckl cs"k cksyfu pyfu] ekul eatq
dsa izse Hkko dks gh ckjEckj ;kn fd;k djrs gSa ejkyA
^^jgfr u izHkq fpr pwd fd, dh] djr lqjfr rqylh ^pkrd* izse dh dhjfr fcln
l; ckj fg, dh**1@28@5A vkSj ;gk¡ jko.k us fclky**AAnksgk297
Hkh bl ckr dks eu] deZ] opu ls n`<+ fu'p; pkrd ,d fu"B izseh gSA mls dsoy izse
djds gh lhrkth dk vigj.k fd;k gS D;ksafd dh I;kl gS u fd ty dhA D;ksafd ^fim fim*
mls jketh ds gkFkksa ls ej dj gh Hko lkxj ls dh ;kpuk rks og ckjgksa eghus djrk jgrk gS
eqfDr ikuh gS& fdUrq ihrk gS dsoy Lokfr u{k= dk ty gh&
^^rkS eSa tkb cS# gfB djm¡] izHkq lj izku rts Hko ^^rqylh ds er pkrdfg dsoy izse
rjm¡A fivklA
gksbfg Hktuq u rkel nsgk] eu Øe opu ea= n`<+ fivr Lokfr ty tku tx tk¡pr ckjg
,gk**A3@22@5 Jhlhrkth ds izfr mlds euesa ekl**Anksgk-308
fdlh izdkj dh nqHkkZouk ugha Fkh blhfy;s mudh ,sls vn~Hkqr ,dkax izseh ds lkFk 'kadjnzksg tSls
QVdkj lqudj Hkh mlus vius euesa muds oS"kE;deZ ls laxfr cSBkuk gh ladr s djrk gS
Jhpj.kksa dh oanuk gh dh gS lqur cpu nl lhl fd ;gk¡ dksbZ xw<+ Hkko Nqik gqvk gSA vkb;s
fjlkuk] eu egq¡ pju cafn lq[k ekuk**A3@26@16 mldk igys 'kadjth ls lEcfU/kr nzksg izlaxksa dks ns[ksa
iz.kke djuk gh fl) djrk gS fd mlus euesa ysa &
ekr`Hkko j[k dj gh ;g dk;Z ¼vigj.k½ fd;k ekul esa] n{k iztkifr dk Hkxoku 'kadj
gSA dqEHkdj.k us rks lhrkth dks Li"V txrekrk ls cSj nzksg n'kkZ;k x;k gS ^^nPN ldy fut
dgk gS ^^txnack* gfj vkfu vc lB pkgr lqrk cqykbZ] gejs ¼f'kods½ c;j rqEgm
dY;ku**6@62A v/;kRe jkek;.k esa rks vkSj fcljkbZ**1@61@2 ogk¡ milagkj esa mudh nqxfZ r
Hkh Li"V dgk gS fd vigj.k ds ckn mlus dh Hkh ppkZ gS ^^HkS tx fcfnr nPN xfr lksbZ]
lhrkth dks jk{kfl;ksa ds ?ksjs esa ¼ij iq#"kksa ls tfl dNq laHkq fceq[k dS gksbZ**A ;gk¡ nksuksa ckrsa
nwj½ j[kk vkSj mudh ekr` cqf) ls j{kk djus ^'kadj nzksgh* o ^lq[k ygb u* tSls Hkko feyus
yxk ^^jk{klhfHk% ifjo`rka ekr`cq);kUo ds ckn Hkh n{k esa pkrd tSlh fu"Bk ugha gS
iky;r~**3@7@65A lcds ân;s'k izHkq jko.k ds vkSj u gh bl iwjs izlax esa dgha Hkh pkrd dk
vUreZu dh Hkh rks tkurs gSaA blhfy;s izHkq us dksbZ mYys[k gh gSA
Hkjrth ds fy;s iz;qDr dh gqbZ miek jko.k ds tyU/kj jk{kl us Hkh f'ko'kEHkq ls ?kksj
fy;s Hkh iz;qDr dh gS A ;q) fd;k gS ^^laHkq dhUg laxkz e vikjk] nuqt
egkcy ejb u ekjk**A1@122@6 fdUrq mlesa
Hkh pkrd tSls xq.k ugha gSA vkSj u gh og ^^leqf> ns[kq ft;¡ fiz;k izchuk] thouq jke njl
'kadj nzksgh gSA ogk¡ rks mldh L=h oÙnk gh vk/khuk**A2@32@3
ije lrh lk/oh Fkh ^îje lrh vlqjkf/ki vkSj lkalksa dh Mksjh VwVrs le; tks muds eq¡g
ukjh] rsfg cy rkfg u ftrfga iqjkjh**A blfy;s ls vfUre opu fudys gSa muesa mUgksaus Lo;a dks
og vxys tUe esa jko.k cukA mls lkjs lq[k pkrd vkSj izHkq dks ty/kj gh dgk gS ^^gk
feys vkSj izHkq ds gkFkksa mldk m)kj gqvkA tkudh y[ku gk j?kqcj] gk firq fgr fpr ^pkrd*
'kadjth ds lkFk dkenso us Hkh yM+kbZ ty/kj**A2@154@8 n'kjFkth ds lewps thou o`Ùk
Bkuh Fkh] ftlesa os u"V Hkh gks x;s ^^fpror esa] ix ix ij pkrd dh ,dkax fu"Brk gh
dkeq Hk;m tfj Nkjk**A ijUrq og dk;Z mUgksaus ns[kus feyrh gS ^^ftvr jke fc/kq cnu fugkjk]
nzksg o'k ugha fd;k] vfirq mlesa txr dk jke fcjg dfj ejuq laokjk**A ijUrq egkjkt
dY;k.k fufgr Fkk ^^rnfi djc eSa dktq rqEgkjk] n'kjFkth 'kadjnzksgh ugha vfirq 'kadjth ds ije
Jqfr dg ije /kje midkjk**1@83@1A mikldksa esa gaS dk;kZjEHk gh mlds uke Lej.k ls
;ksa rks Hkxoku 'kadj ds opuksa dh djrs gSa ^^lqfefj gj xqj xkSfj xuslq**1@301A
voKk ukjnth us Hkh dh gS ^^laHkq opu eqfu blhfy;s muds ;gk¡ lq[k oSHko dh Hkh ijkdk"Bk
eu ufga Hkk,] rc fcjafp ds yksd gS&
fl/kk,**A1@127@2 mudh bl voKk dks ^^vo/kjktq lqjjktq flgkbZ] nljFk /kuq lqfu /kunq
y[kdj gh ^^d#ukfuf/k eu nh[k fcpkjh] mj ytkbZ**2@323@9A
vadqjsm xjc r# Hkkjh**A izHkq dks viuh ek;k Hkjrth esa Hkh vius firk ds lEiw.kZ xq.k
¼fo'oeksfguh½ }kjk ukjn dk eksg Hkax djkuk gSaA os Hkh pkrd ds leku gh izHkq n'kZu ds
iM+k vkSj Lo;a mUgsa ukjnth dk Jki >syuk I;kls jgrs gSa ^^njlu r`fIr u vktq yfx ise
iM+kA ogk¡ ds milagkj esa] izHkq us ukjnth dks fivkls uSu**A2@260 blh izse dh [kkfrj
ân;LFk 'kkfUr ikus ds fy;s 'kadj 'krukek dk mUgksaus Lo;a dks pkrd dk n`"VkUr nsdj dgk gS
tki djus dk mins'k fn;k gS ^^tigq tkb ladj fd Hkys gh es?k pkrd dks thou Hkj Hkqyk nsa]
lrukek] gksbfg ân;¡ rqjr foJkek**A1@137@5 ty ekaxus ij ctz vkSj vksys fxjk;s ijUrq
vFkkZr ukjnth Hkh 'kadj nzksgh ugha gaS vkSj u pkrd dh jV ?kV tkus ls mldh izfr"Bk fxj
gh pkrd gSa os rks izHkq dk xq.kxku djus okys tk;sxh] izse c<+us esa gh mldh HkykbZ gS&
ê/kqdj* gSa] mudh o`fÙk gh ^djry cj chuk*] ^^tynq tue Hkfj lqjfr fclkjm] tkpr tyq ifc
^xkor gfj xqu xku izchuk* okyh gSaA ikgu MkjmA
Hkxoku 'kadj ls lEcfU/kr êkul* ds ^pkrdq* jVfu ?kVsa] ?kfV tkbZ] c<+sa izseq lc Hkk¡fr
lHkh izlaxksa dk HkyhHkk¡fr euu djus ij] ogk¡ HkykbZA2@204@4
fdlh ik= esa Hkh pkrd tSlh ik=rk ugha feyrh n’kjFkth ds leku Hkjrth Hkh pkrd gSa
gSA blds foijhr] ;fn gesa lEiw.kZ ekul esa izHkq ,oa f'koth ds vuU; HkDrksa esa Hkh gSa ^^flo
izseh :ih pkrd ik= dk gh p;u djuk iM+s rks vfHk"ksd djfg fcf/k ukuk**A2@156@7 os gh
Jhn’kjFkth egkjkt gh loksZRd`"V pkrd fl) D;ksa] ,d y{e.kth dks NksM+] izk;% lHkh j?kqoa'kh
gksaxaAs n'kjFkth us viuk thou gh izHkq n'kZuksa Hkxoku vk'kqrks"k ds iqtkjh gSaA dksbZ Hkh f’konzksgh
ds v/khu cuk;s j[kkA tc os euqth ds :i esa ugha gSA
Fks] rc mUgksaus izHkq ls ;gh oj ekaxk Hkh Fkk&^êfu ^ftfe lq[k ygb u ladjnzksgh& bl v)kZyh ds
fcuq Qfu ftfe ty fcuq ehuk] ee thou frfe rqEgfg ldkjkRed i{k ij
v/khuk**1@150@6 /;ku nsxas rks Li"V izrhfr gksosxh fd ;gk¡ ge
blh rF; dks mUgksaus dSdbZth ds le{k Hkh vkrZtuksa ds fy;s izHkq us lq[k izkfIr dk ljy
mn~?kkfVr fd;k gS& lk mik; crk;k gS] ;kus Hkxoku 'kadj ls Nksg
¼izse½ djksxs rks lq[k dh vo'; izkfIr gksxhA dks gh ^f'konzksgh* Bgjk;k gSA D;ksa vkSj dSls]
dsoy lq[k gh ugha jke HkfDr Hkh mUgha ds vkb;s ns[ksa&
ek/;e ls feysxhA jketh us Lo;a v;ks/;kokfl;ksa ekul esa iz;qDr 'kCnksa ds xgu euu ls
ls dgk gS& Li"V izrhfr gksrh gS fd Jhlrhth dks eksg xzLr
^^vkSjm ,d xqiqr er lcfga dgm¡ cukus esa ,dek= izHkq dh ek;k dk gh gkFk Fkk
dj tksfjA ^^cksys fcgfl egslq gfj ek;k cyq tkfu
ladj Hktu fcuk uj Hkxfr u ft;W**1@51A ek;k us lrhth ij viuk izHkko
ikob eksfj**AA7@45 bruk izcy Mkyk Fkk fd ftUgsa ge ^îzHkq lejFk
vius b"V ds :i esa jkes'oj dh lcZX; flo ldy dyk xqu /kke** ekurs gSa] os
LFkkiuk djrs gq;s mUgksaus Li"V ?kks"k.kk dh gS f'ko Hkh ckj ckj le>kdj ¼tnfi dgsm flo¡
fd& ckj cgq½ lrhth dk la'k; fuokj.k ugha dj
^^ladj fiz; ee nzksgh flo nzksgh ee ik;s ^êksjsgq dgsa u lla; tkgha] fcf/k foijhr
HkykbZ ukgha**A rc varrksxRok ;g ekudj fd
nklA
^^gksbfg lks jke jfp jk[kk] dks dfj rdZ c<koS
rs uj djfga dYi Hkfj ?kksj ujd egq¡
lk[kk**A1@51@7 mUgksaus lrhth dks izHkq dh
ckl**AA6@2
ijh{kk ysus dh vuqefr nh FkhA
oLrqr%] dFkkØekuqlkj ;gk¡ izHkq us
oLrqr% lrhth ij viuh ek;k dk iM+k
¼ek;kdh½ lhrk&gj.k ds i'pkr tks fojg&fo"kkn
gqvk vfer izHkko ns[k dj izHkq dks Hkh vpEHkk
dh yhyk dh gS] mlhdk o.kZu fd;k gSA izHkqus
gh gqvk Fkk ^^fut ek;k cyq ân;¡ c[kkuh] cksys
;gk¡ Lo;a dks ^pkrd* vkSj foyki yhyk dks
fcgfl jkeq e`nq ckuh**1@52@6A vkSj Hkxoku
^jVr* dgk gSA tSls pkrd dh fu"Bk ,d ek=
'kadj dks jke ek;k dh izcyrk dh okLrfod
Lokfr u{k= ds ty ds fy;s gh gksrh gS blhfy;s
izrhfr rc gqbZ tc ogka¡ ls ykSVdj lrhth us
;gk¡ mls ^r`"kk vfr vksgh* dgk Hkh gS] oSls gh
vlR; dk Hkh vkljk ys fy;k ^^cgqfj jke
jketh Hkh thoui;ZUr ,d iRuh ozrh gh jgsA
ek;kfg fl: ukok] izsfj lfrfg tsfga >wB
Jhlhrkth ds izfr mudh rM+iu dks ns[k Hkxoku
dgkok**A Hkxoku 'kadj dh utjksa esa lrhth
f'ko us mUgsa ^fcjgh vfr dkeh* dgk gS ^^,fg
igys Hkh Bhd Fkh vkSj vc Hkh ije iquhr gSa&
fcf/k [kkstr fcyir Lokeh eugq¡ egk fcjgh
^îje iquhr u tkb rft fd,¡ izse cM+ ikiq**A
vfr dkeh**A3@29@16 ;ksa /kuq"k Hkax ds
;kKoYD;th us rks Li"V dgk gS fd lrhth
volj ij Jhlhrkth dks Hkh pkrdh dgk x;k
drbZ nks"kh ugha gSa] dsoy jketh ds ladYiksa dk
gS ^^lh; lq[kfg cjfuv dsfg Hkk¡rh] tuq
¼ozr dk½ vuqikyu djus ds fy;s gh Hkxoku
^pkrdh* ikb tyq Lokrh**A1@262@6 vkSj
f’ko us mudk ifjR;kx fd;k ^^flo le dks
xksLokehth us Jhlhrkth ds fy;s Hkh ^jVfr* in
j?kqifr czr/kkjh] fcuq v?k rth lrh vfl
dk iz;ksx fd;k gS &
ukjh**1@103@7A vkSj muds bl d`R; ls
^^tsfg fcf/k diV dqjax lax /kkb pys
jketh Hkh vius vkidks mudk d`rK ¼midkjksa
JhjkeA
ls ncs gq;s½ gh ekurs jgs gSa ^îzxVs jkeq d`rX;
lks Nfc lhrk jkf[k mj ^jVfr* jgfr
dìkyk**1@79@5 D;ksafd mudh ek;k ds dkj.k
gfjuke**AA3@29¼[k½
gh lrhth ls f'ko dk fcNksg gqvk FkkA Hkxoku
;fRaadfa pr~ miyC/k rF;ksa ij vkSj
vf/kdka'kr% vuqekuksa ds vk/kkj ij tks dqN f’ko us Hkh ^^gksbfg lksb tks jke jfp jk[kk**
Åij dgk x;k gS] vFkkZr izHkq us Lo;a dks gh fl)kUr ls bl d`R; dks
pkrd ds vFkZ esa izLrqr fd;k gS] ;fn ;g lR; f’kjks/kk;Z dj fy;k blhfy;s jketh us Hkxoku
gS rks laHkor% ;g Hkh lR; gS fd izHkq us Lo;a f'ko dh ikoZrhth ds lax fookg djkus ds fy;s
u tkus fdruh vkSj dSlh&dSlh fpjkSfj;k¡ dh gSa
& lsod ds ukrs igys rks fourh dh ^^vc 'kCn vius vkiesa fojks/kkHkklh vkSj Hkze mitkus
fcurh ee lqugq f'ko**] fQj l[kk lEcU/k dh okyk gS] oSls gh fuxqZ.k fujkdkj czã gh lxq.k
nqgkbZ nh ^^tkSa eks ij fut usgq** Lokeh lEcU/k lkdkj cu x;k] bl ckr dks ysdj ekrk ikoZrh
ls vkKk Hkh nh ^^tkb fcckcgq lSytfg** vkSj dh cqf) Hkh fnXHkzfer gks xbZ&
vUr esa rks >ksyh Hkh mUgksaus ilkj yh ^^;g ^^jkeq lks vo/k uìfr lqr lksbZ] dh vt vxqu vy[k
eksfg ekxsa nsgq**1@76A vkSj ;gk¡ ;fn os vc xfr dksbZ**
Lo;aa dks 'kadj nzksgh dg jgs gksa rks D;k vk'p;Z ^^tkSa uì ru; r czã fdfe ukfj fcjg¡
gS\ tSls lrhth ds foNksg dk nq%[k Hkxoku f'ko efr HkksfjA
dks lguk iM+k Fkk oSlk dk oSlk gh lhrk foNksg ns[k pfjr efgek lqur Hkzfer cqf) vfr
dk nq%[k izHkq Hkh Hkksx jgs gSaA ;ksa /kuq"k Hkax ds eksfj**AA1@108A
volj ij Hkxoku f’ko ds f’k”; ij'kqjketh us rc f=Hkqou&xq# Hkxoku f'ko us muds
jketh dks f'ko nzksgh dgk Hkh gS ^^Nyq rft bl eksg:ih 'kjnkri dks oLrqr% 'kjnkri dh
dfjg le# ^flo nzksgh*] cU/kq lfgr u r ekjm¡ Hkk¡fr gh ;kusfd igys dqN mxz Hkk"kk esa ^^yaiV
rksgh**A1@280@3 fiukd rksM+us dks jketh us diVh dqfVy fcls"kh] liusgq¡ lar lHkk ufga
y?kq pwd ekuk gS ^^fjl vfr cM+h y?kq pwd ns[kh**] fQj 'khry ve`re;h ok.kh ^^tklq dìk
gekjh** vr% f’konzksgh tSlk cM+k nks”kkjksi .k dk vl Hkze fefV tkbZ] fxfjtk lksb dìky j?kqjkbZ**
dkj.k lrh fcNksg djkuk gh gS ds }kjk 'keu fd;k gSA ogk¡ ekrk fxfjtk us
lHkh tkurs gS fd izHkq Jhjke vkSj Lohdkj fd;k gS fd muds pUnz fdj.kksa tSls
Hkxoku f'ko ,d nwljs ds vuU; izseh gaSA os 'khry opuksa dks lqudj esjk egkeksg :ih
,d nwljs dh iz'kald gSa o ,d nwljs dks Lo;a ‘kjnkri feV x;k& ^^lfl dj le lqfu fxjk
dk b"V ekurs gSaA ftldk vR;qÙke izek.k rqEgkjh] feVk eksg ^ljnkri* Hkkjh**1@119@1A
Jhjketh }kjk LFkkfir jkes'oje~ efUnj gS ^lar njl ftfe ikrd VjbZ& mijksDr m)j.k
ftldh ppkZ eaxykpj.k ds lksjBk ^^tjr ldy esa 'kjnkri ds 'keudrkZ Hkxoku f'ko gSaA rks
lqj càn** esa gqbZ gSA izo"kZ.k ioZr ls fn;s x;s ;gk¡ izHkq dh dgh dFkk esa guqekuth egkjkt gSaA
izopuksa esa jketh dk ,dkf/kdkj gS] ogk¡ ekul ftuds dgs opuksa ls ekrk lhrk dk fojg :ih
ds pkjksa oDrkvksa dk gLr{ksi laHko ugha gSA 'kjnkri feV x;k] os vkRegR;k :ih ikrd
vr% izHkq ;gk¡ vius b"V egknso ds izfr deZ djus tk jgh Fkha lks Vy x;kA ^lar* in
d`rKrk Kkiu ds fy;s iw.kZ LorU= gSaA mUgsa ;gk¡ jketh us guqekuth ds fy;s iz;qDr fd;k
tSlk vkSj tks mfpr yxk oSlk mUgksaus xw<+ Hkk"kk gSA foHkh"k.kth us Hkh bUgsa ^lar* gh dgk gS
esa dgkA vkius Hkh /;ku fn;k gksxk fd izHkq us ^^fcuq gfj dìk feyfga ufga lark** vkSj ogk¡
bu izopuksa esa jke&pfjr ds bnZ&fxnZ vf/kdre
^njlq* in Hkh vk;k gS ^^rkS rqEg eksfg ^njlq*
f’ko&pfjr dks gh cquk gsSA xksLokehth rks ^^rl
gfB nhUgk**5@6@5A fe= dh ifjHkk"kk esa izHkq
dfggm¡ fg;¡ gfj ds izsjs** ds vuqlkj dye c)
us tks ^lar fe=* ds y{k.k dgs gSa oLrqr% og
dj jgs gSa] ys[kd Hkh ;gh dj jgk gSA
bUgha ¼guqekuth dks½ y{; djds dgs gSaA
ljnkri fufl lfl vigjbZ A lar njl lqxhz oth dh foifÙk ds le; guqekuth gh muds
ftfe ikrd VjbZ AA lax yxs jgs ^^fcifr dky dj lrxqu usgk] Jqfr dg
Dokj eghus dh /kwi dh rh{.k riu lar fe= xqu ,gk**4@6@5A
¼'kjnkri½ dks] jkf= esa 'kf'k ¼pUnzek½ dk 'khry ;gk¡ Hkh] jko.k dh dgh ckrksa ls
vkjksX;nk;h izdk'k 'keu dj ysrk gSA oSls gh lhrkth dk îfjrki* fnu esa gh c<+k Fkk
lar ds n'kZu ls iki deZ Vy tkrs gSa A ^^pUnzgkl g# ee ifjrkia] j?kqifr fcjg vuy
^ljnkri fufl lfl vigjbZ& 'kjnkri¾'kjnh latkra**A ^^lquS dks Jou lwy le ckuh** blds
esa vkri ¼?kke] xehZ] riu½A tSsls ^'kjnkri*
ifj.kke Lo:i mUgksaus jkf= esa vkRegR;k ¼ikrd Lusg Hkjh fprou Mkyus okyksa esa ls gSa
deZ½ djus dh Bkuh ^^rtkaS nsg d# csfx mikbZ] ^^fprofga lknj :i vuwik] r`fIr u ekufga euq
nqlg fcjgq vc ufga lfg tkbZ**A frl ij lr:ik** 1@147@6A xgjs ls ns[kk tk;s rks
f=tVkth us le>k;k fd ^^fufl* u vuy fey izHkq ij Lusg Hkjh fprou Mkyus okys ,sls HkDr
lquq lqde q kjh** ¼^fufl* in gS½A vkSj og rks :ih pdksjksa ds vusd mnkgj.k gSaA ijUrq os lc
^^vl dfg lks fut Hkou fl/kkjh**A ,dkUr ^,dy* gSa] ;gk¡ dgha ^leqnkbZ* dh ifjHkk"kk esa
gksus ij lhrkth vius nqHkkZX; dks dkslus yxha ugha vkrs tSls fd ;s xk¡o&[ksM+s ds iqjkd`r
^îkode; ^lfl* lzor u vkxh] ekugq¡ eksfg iq.;'kkyh uj ukjh vkrs gSa&
tkfu gr Hkkxh** ¼^lfl* in Hkh gS½A guqekuth ^êqfnr ukfj uj ns[kfg lksHkk] :i vuwi u;u euq
egkjkt }kjk Mkyh xbZ jkeuke vafdr eqfnzdk yksHkkA
dks ns[k dj] dqN {k.kksa ds fy;s mudk Hkh ,dVd lc lksgfga pgq¡ vksjk] jkepUnz eq[k pUn
g"kZ&fo"kkn :ih ljnkri c<+k ^^pfdr fpro pdksjk**A2@114@6
eqnjh ifgpkuh] gj"k fo"kkn ân;¡ ;gk¡ ^pdksjk* in Hkh gSA fdUrq buls
vdqykuh**5@12@2A fdUrq guqekuth ds opuksa ^gfjtu* okyk iz;kstu fl) ugha gksrk gSA
dks lqudj] mUgsa ns[k ¼n'kZu½ dj iw.kZ lUrks"k D;ksafd bUgsa ;g ykHk vuk;kl izkIr gqvk gSA
gqvk ^êu larks"k lqur dfi ckuh** mUgksaus gfjtu rks oLrqr% os ;ksxh fl) vkSj eqfutu
Lohdkj fd;k fd ^^cwM+r fcjg tyf/k guqekuk] gh gaS tksfd jko.k ls ihfM+r gksdj Hkh] vj.;
Hk;gq rkr eks dgq¡ tytkuk**A blh ?kVukdze esa jg dj o"kkZUkqo"kZ ls izHkq dh ckaV tks jgs FksA
dks izHkq us ^lar njl ftfe ikrd VjbZ* esa dgk vius ,sls gh HkDrksa dk rki&foekspu djrs gq;s]
gSA mUgsa vk'oLr djrs gq;s tc izHkq vxLR; _f"k
nsf[k banq pdksj leqnkbZ A fprofga ftfe ds vkJe es igq¡psA rc ogk¡ Hkh HkDr :ih
gfjtu gfj ikbZ AA ^pdksjksa* dk leqnk; muds eq[k pUnz ds n'kZuksa
'kjniwf.kZek ds pUnz dks ns[kdj pdksjksa dh izrh{kk esa cSBk Fkk vkSj izHkq us Hkh mUgsa
dk lewg mls ftl Lusg ls fugkj jgk gS] gfj vius ,s'o;Z }kjk lHkh dks ,slh izrhfr djkbZ
ds HkDrx.k Hkh gfj dks ¼n'kZu½ ikdj mUgsa oSls fd izHkq eq>s gh fugkj jgs gSa&
gh foeksfgr gq;s fugkjrs jgrs gSaA 'kjn _rq ds ^êqfu lewg eg¡ cSBs lUeq[k lc dh
o.kZu esa ;gk¡ ^bUnq* in nsdj 'kjn iwf.kZek vksjA
lwfpr dh xbZ gSA ljn ^banq* ru ^fpror* ekugq fudj
^nsf[k bUnq pdksj leqnkbZ& Jhjketh ds ^pdksj**AA3@12
n'kZukfHkyk"kh pdksj&pdksfj;ksa ds ekul esa vusd mijksDr nksgs esa ^bUnq*]^fpror*]^pdksj*
o.kZu gSaA Lo;a Jhfd'kksjhth Hkh mUgsa {k.k&{k.k vkfn ladr s d ekStwn gSaA vkSj fudj dk vFkZ
fugkjus okyh ^pdksjh* dgh xbZ gSa ^^fNuq fNuq leqnk; ¼fudj¾leqnk;½ gksrk gS ^^yadk fuflpj
fiz; cnuq fugkjh] izeqfnr eugq pdksj ^fudj* fuoklk**A
dqekjh**2@139@2A y{e.kth Hkh pdksj gS fprofga ftfe gfjtu gfj ikbZ& lhrkth us
muds ^fd'kksj* ds lax yxk gqvk ^dq* in rks guqekuth dks ^gfjtu* dgk gS ^^gfjtu* tkfu
,slk Hkko mitk jgk gS fd ekuksa izHkq vkSj os izhfr vfr ck<+h**5@13@1 dFkkØe ds vuqlkj
,d nwljs dks fugkj jgs gksa ^^jkefg y[kuq ;gk¡ ^gfjtu* ds lax yxs ^gfj* in ls ladr s
fcyksdr dSls] lflfg pdksj fdlksjdq tSls** mu okuj ohjksa ls gS tks czãkth dh vkKk ls
1@262@7A v)kZyh dh nsgjh ij fojkteku /kjrh ij vorfjr gksdj izHkq dh izrh{kk dj
^fprofga* in ladr s dj jgk gS fd bl jgs gSa ^^fxfj r# u[k vk;q/k lc chjk] ^gfj*
jkekorkj ds l`td euq&'kr:ikth Hkh izHkq ij ekjx fprofga efr /khjk**1@187@4A ;ksa rks
izHkq ls bu lc dh HksaV Jhlhrkth dh HkkbZ] rkil vlqj nsg frUg ikbZ**A ;gk¡ Jki
[kkst&[kcj gsrq Hkstus ds volj ij gh gks xbZ nsus okys ludkfnd eqfu gSa ftuds fy;s dgk
Fkh ^^vkb jke in ukofga ekFkk] fujf[k cnuq lc gksfga x;k gS ^^:i /kjsa tuq pkfjm csnk] lenjlh
lukFkk**4@21@2A fdUrq jketh us ;gk¡ yadk eqfu fcxr fcHksnk**7@31@5A vkSj ijczã
fot; gsrq iz;k.k&volj dk o.kZu fd;k gS ijekRek dh n`f"V esa Hkh pkgs laLdkj lEiUu
^^ns[kh jke ldy dfi lsuk] ^fprb* dìk dfj jkfto fciz gks vFkok dksbZ lq;ksX; O;fDr nksuksa gh
uSuk**5@34@2A leku gS blfy;s izHkq us okYehfdth ds le{k
eld nal chrs fge =klk A ftfe f}t foiz ds lkFk&lkFk ^Hkwlqj* in Hkh iz;qDr fd;k
gS ^êaxy ewy ^fciz* ifjrks"kw] ngb dksfV dqy
nzksg fd,¡ dqy uklk AA ^Hkwlqj jks"kw**A2@125@4 ekul esa eq[;r%
ePNj vkSj eksVs Mk¡l dM+kds dh B.M izrkiHkkuq ds dkj.k gq;s jkekorkj dh dFkk dk
ds d”V ls gh u"V gks x;s tSls fd czkã.k dk gh foLrkj gqvk gSA ogk¡ foiz gh vkaef=r fd;s
vfu"V ¼f}t nzksg½ djus ls dqy dk loZuk'k gks x;s Fks ^^cjs rqjr lr lgl cj] ^fciz* dqVqac
tkrk gSA lesr** vkSj foizksa us gh mls Jki fn;k Fkk
êld nal chrs fge =klk& dFkkØe ds vuqlkj ^^cksys ^fciz* ldksi rc ufga dNq dhUg
;gk¡ yadk izos'k vkSj jko.k dqEHkdj.k vkfn ds fcpkj**A vr% ogk¡ ;kKoYD;th us Hkh ^fciz*
o/k dh dFkk dgh xbZ gSA izHkq us y{e.kth ls in gh iz;qDr fd;k gS ^^lR;dsrq dqy dksm ufg
;g dFkk 'kCnksa esa dgh ;k ¼yhyk dk fuokZg ck¡pk] ^fciz* Jki fdfe gksb vlk¡pk**
djus ds fy;s½ blh izdkj ds xw<+ ladsr fd;s gaS 1@174@7A fdUrq izrkiHkkuq ds jko.k cu tkus
;g rks ^yhyk/kkjh* gh tkusaA fdUrq gekjs fy;s ds ckn mlls lEcfU/kr lHkh izalxksa esa foiz in
;gk¡ êld* in yadk izos'k dk ladr s d gS iz;qDr u gksdj ^f}t* in gh iz;qDr gqvk gS
^êld* leku :i dfi /kjh] yadfg pysm ^^f}t Hkkstu e[k gkse ljk/kk] lc dS tkb
lqfefj uj gjh**5@3@1 /;ku jgs ;gk¡ êld* djgq rqEg
guqekuth dks ugha dgk x;k gSA os rks vkdkj ck/kk**A1@180@6 ^^tsfga tsfga nsl /ksuq ^f}t*
ikofga] uxj xkm¡ iqj vkx
esa gh ePNj ds leku NksVs cus fdUrq vkd`f r
yxkofga**1@182@6A foiz dss LFkku ij vc
dfi dh gh jghA ;gk¡ rks êld* jko.k ds fy;s
^f}t* dgus esa dkj.k fufgr gS D;ksafd jko.k
vkSj ^nal*¾cM+k Makl] dqEHkdj.k ds fy;s iz;qDr lHkh tkfr ds yksxksa dks ¼^lc dS tkb djgq*½
gqvk gSA bu nksuksa ds fy;s dgk x;k gS fd d"V igq¡pk jgk FkkA vkSj f}t dh ifjHkk"kk esa
buds tksM+ dk ;ks)k lalkj esa dksbZ ugha gS Li"V dgk x;k gS fd dksbZ Hkh tkrd tks
^îzfr HkV [kkstr drgq¡ u ikok**A vkSj buds lqlaLd`r tkfr o dqy dk gks vkSj pfj=oku o
fy;s gh x#M+th us fVIi.kh dh gS fd izzHkq us osn iqjk.kksa dk Lok/;k;h gks mls ^f}t* dgrs gSa&
bUgsa ePNj ls Hkh ghu cuk fn;k& ^^tkR;k dqysu o`Ùksu Lok/;k;su Jqrsu
^êldfg djb fcajfp izHkq vtfg eld rs pA
ghu**7@122A ,fHkZ;qDrksfg ;fLr"Bsu~ fuR;a l
^ftfe f}t nzksg fd,¡ dqy uklk& ekul esa ^f}t* mP;rs**AA
^f}t nzksg* ds lekukFkhZ 'kCn tSls fd czãJki] tSls mijksä f}t&nzksg in jko.k ds
foizJki] ^Hkqlqj jks"k* vkfn ;= r= ns[kus fey lUnHkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gS oSls gh ^dqyuklk* Hkh
tk;saxAs fdUrq /;ku nsxsa rks Li"V gks tk;sxk fd mlh ds fy;s dgk x;k gSA vaxnth us mls
ogk¡ ml izlax esa fdlh ,d 'kCn fo'ks"k dk dqy?kkrh dgk gS ^ê# xj dkfV fuyt
p;u fo'ks"k iz;kstu ls gqvk gSA tSls fd dqy?kkrh**A6@32@4 rks eUnksnjh us jko.k dh
foiz&Jki fo".kq Hkxoku ds ik"kZn t;&fot; ds e`R;q ds ckn #nu djrs gq;s dgk gS& ^^jke
izlax esa iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^fciz Jki* rs nwum
fceq[k vl gky rqEgkjk] jgk u dksm ^dqy* lqgkbZ**1@41@6A fiNyh v)kZyh esa jketh us
jksofugkjk**6@103@10A jko.k o/k dh dFkk dg nhA vkSj vc dFkkØe
blh ds lkFk gh ;gk¡ yadkdk.M rd ds vuqlkj jkT;kfHk"ksd gh gksuk gSA bl
dh xkFkk Hkh iwjh gqbZ vkSj o"kkZ _rq dk n`f"Vdks.k ls ^Hkwfe* dk rkRi;Z vo/kiqjh ls gS
lkaxksikax o.kZu Hkh iwjk gqvkA ltx ikBd iw¡N ^^tUeHkwfe* ee iqjh lqgkofu] mRrj fnfl cg
ldrk gS fd ;gk¡ ds Ng nksgksa vkSj mUrkfyl ljtw ikofu**7@3@5A /;ku nsaxs rks mÙkjdk.M
pkSikb;ksa esa fd;s x;s bl fo'kn o"kkZ _rq ds esa vkidks Hkwfe ds i;kZ;okph /kjrh] /kjuh]
o.kZu esa] dgaha Hkh otzikr vkSj bUnz /kuq"k dk i`Foh] egh vkfn ds LFkku ij vf/kdka'kr%
mYys[k D;ksa ugha gqvk gS\ ,slk ugha fd ;s izHkq ^Hkwfe* in gh feysax&s
ds vFkok xksLokehth ds /;ku ls NwV x;s gksa] ^^Hkwfe* lIr lkxj es[kyk] ,d Hkwi j?kqifr
yadkdk.M ds ;q) izlax esa buds o.kZu vusdksa dkslyk**A
ckj ns[kus feysax&s ^îjs ^Hkwfe* ufga mBr mBk,] cj dfj dìkfla/kq mj
^^nqgq¡ fnfl icZr djfga izgkjk] ctzikr tuq yk,**A7@4@7 ^tho* ls ;gk¡ vfHkizk;% rhuksa
ckjfga ckjk**6@86@7A yksdksa ds nso uj ukx vlqj vkSj fl)ksa ls gS
^^dfi yaxjw fciqy uHk Nk,] eugq¡ ^banz/kuq* tks jkT;kfHk"ksd ij ekStwn Fks ^^,fg fcf/k ^tho*
m, lqgk,**6@86@5A pw¡fd /keZ'kkL=ksa esa bUgsa pjkpj tsrs] f=tx nso uj vlqj
fo}kuksa dks u fn[kykus dk funsZ'k fn;k x;k gS& lesrs**7@86@6A /;ku jgs ;gk¡ fu’kkpjksa ds
^û fnohUnzk;q/ka n`"V~ok dL; fpn~n'Zk;sn~ cq/k%**A fy;s iz;qä gqvk ^tUrq* in fcfc/k ^tarq* ladqy
euqLe`fr efg Hkzktk ugha dgk x;k gSA vr% Li”V gS fd
^ûdLeSfpnkp{khr u ^lady q * in nsoksa vkSj v;ks/;k&okfl;ksa bu nksuksa
pksYdkikrsanz/kuwaf"k**AlqJqrfp-vk-24@90 ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^lqeu o`f"V uHk
bl ikol o.kZu ls ;k ;ksa dgsa fd fdf”dU/kk ladqy Hkou pys lq[kdanA p<+h vVkfjUg ns[kfga
dk.M ds ikB ls ^ldy euksjFk fl)* djkuk gS uxj ukfj uj cÙn**A7@8¼[k½ ;gk¡ ds cÙn
vr% ;gk¡ bUnz/kuq”k o otzikr dk o.kZu ugha ¼>q.M½ in ls ^leqnkb* in dk Hkko Hkh iwjk
fd;k x;kA lqfoK tu blh ls xzUFk dh xgjkbZ [kjk mrjrk gSA ^x,* ls vfHkizk; jkT;kfHk"ksd
dk vuqeku yxk ysaA ds ckn nsokfnx.kksas ds fut fut /kke izLFkku ls
nksgk&Hkwfe tho ladqy jgs x, ljn fjrq gS ^^fHkUu&fHkUu vLrqfr dfj ^x,* lqj fut
ikb A fut
lnxqj feysa tkfga ftfe lal; Hkze /kke**7@12¼[k½A blds ckn pkjksa osn x;s
^^lcds ns[kr csnUg fcurh dhfUg mnkjA
leqnkb AA17AA vUr/kkZu Hk, iqfu ^x,* czã vkxkj**A7@13
o"kkZ _rq ds dkj.k tks tho lewg Hkwfe lcls vUr esa Hkxoku 'kadj x;s ^cjfu mekifr
ij ,df=r gks x;s Fks os 'kjn _rq dks ikdj jke xqu gjf"k ^x,* dSykl**A7@14¼[k½A
¼lsou djds½ pys x;s tSls fd ln~x# q ds feyus vc mijksDr fo'ys"k.k ds vuqlkj bl
ls leLr la'k; vkSj Hkze pys tkrs gSa] mudk iafDr dk xw<+kFkZ gqvk ^^v;ks/;kiqjh esa mifLFkr
fuokj.k gks tkrk gS A rhuksa yksdksa ds nso] uj] ukx] vlqj foHkh"k.kth
^Hkwfe tho ladqy jgs x, ljn fjrq ikb& ^vjFkq vkfn lHkh tho jkT;kfHk"ksd lekjksg ds ckn
vfer vfr vk[kj Fkksjs* dk vly vkuUn bl vius&vius LFkku pys x;sA bl ^x,* in esa
nksgs esa vk;sxkA ;gk¡ ^'kjn _rq* ls vfHkizk; jke jkT; dk o.kZu Hkh lek;k gqvk gS ^^jke
^jkejkT;* ls gSA xksLokehth us bldk ladr s jkt cSBsa =Syksdk] gjf"kr Hk, ^x,* lc
ekul dFkk izcU/k esa fd;k gS ^^jkejkt lq[k
fcu; cM+kbZ] fcln lq[kn lksb ^ljn*
lksdk**A7@19@7 vkSj ^x,* esa ukjnth ds gjb f'k"; /ku lksd u gjbZ] lks ^xqj* ?kksj ujd egq¡
}kjk dh xbZ vfUre Lrqfr dk Hkh ladr s gS& ijbZ**A7@98@7 blhfy;s bu Bx xq#vksa ds
^îzse lfgr eqfu ukjn cjfu jke xqu LFkku ij xksLokehth us ldy inkFkZ iznk;d
xzkeA jke uke&:ih ln~xq# dk vuqlj.k djus dh
lksHkkfla/kq ân; /kfj ^x,* tgk¡ lEefr nh gS&
fcf/k /kke**AA7@51AA ^^tx eaxy xquxzke jkeds] nkfu eqdqfr /ku
^lnxqj feysa tkfga ftfe lal; Hkze leqnkb& /kje /kkedsA
^lnxqj* ls izHkq dk vfHkizk; Hkxoku 'kadj vkSj ^lnxq#* X;ku fcjkx tksxds] fccq/k cSn Hko
dkdHkq'kqf.Mth ls gSA x#M+th ds la'k; 'keu Hkhe jksxds**A1@31@3
dk izkjEHk 'kadjth ds feyus ls ¼ekxZn'kZu ls½ ^lal; Hkze leqnkb& ^lal;* in esa] izHkq dks
gqvk ^^feysgq x#M+ ekjx eg¡ eksgh] dou Hkk¡fr ukx ik'k esa ca/kk ns[k dj x#M+th dks tks la'k;
leq>kokSa rksgh**A7@60@3 vkSj muds lal; dk gks x;k Fkk mldh ppkZ dh xbZ gS&
lekiu dkdHkq'kqf.Mth ls jke dFkk Jo.k djds ^^C;kdqy x;m nsofjf"k ikgha] dgsfl tks ^lal;* fut eu
gqvk& ^^thou tUe lqQy ee Hk;Å] ro ekgha7@58@3 ^lal;* liZ xlsm eksfg rkrk] nq[kn ygfj dqrdZ cgq
izlkn lal; lc x;Å** 7@124@9A czkrk** 7@92@7
^feysa* cgqopu gS] vkSj vknj lwpd HkhA ^Hkze*& blesa dkdHkq'kqf.Mth tc izHkq dh izkd`r
dFkkdze ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ 'kadjth vkSj f'k'kq yhyk dks ns[kdj Hkzfer gks x;s FksA rc
Hkq'kqf.Mth nks ln~x# q feyus dh dgh gSA fdUrqq izHkq us mUgsa vius fo'o:i dk n'kZu djk;k]
^feysa* ;g la'k;kRed in Hkh gSA blls lwfpr bldh ppkZ gS& ^^Hkze* rsa pfdr jke eksfg ns[kk]
fd;k fd Hkolkxj ls ikj yxkus okys ln~xq# fcg¡ls lks lquq pfjr fcls"kk**7@78@4 Hkzer
dk feyuk jkedìk ls gh laHko gSA bl rF; eksfg czãk.M vusdk] chrs eugq¡ dYi lr
dks jketh gh ,dk**A7@81@1
v;ks/;kokfl;ksa ds le{k mn~?kkfVr fd;k gS& ^leqnkb*& dk lh/kk lk vfHkizk; rks bu la'k;
^ûj ruq Hko ckfjf/k dgq¡ csjks] lUeq[k e#r vuqxzg vkSj Hkze :ih ek;k ds fo'kky ifjokj ls gS]
esjksA ftuds vUrxZr dke] Øks/k] en] yksHk] eksg
dju/kkj ^lnxqj* n`<+ ukok] nqyZHk lkt lqyHk dfj eRlj r`".kk bR;kfn vkrs gSa ^^;g lc ek;k dj
ikok**A7@43@8 dkdHkq'kqf.Mth us bls vkSj ifjokjk] izcy vfefr dks cjuS ikjk**
lqLi”V fd;k gS fd blh jke dìk ls Hkolkxj 7@70@7A blds lkFk gh ;gk¡ bl ^leqnkbZ* esa
gh ugha cfYd ekul jksxksa dk Hkh uk'k gks bu lc ek;k ifjokj ls eqDr djkus okyh jke
tk;sxk] dsoy ln~nq# :ih oS| ds opuksa ij HkfDr :ih fparkef.k dk izlax Hkh lquk;k x;k
la;eiwoZd pyus ls gh&
gS &
^^jke dìk¡ uklfga lc jksxk] tkSa ,fg Hkk¡fr cuS
^^jke Hkxfr fparkefu lqanj] clb x#M+ tkds
la;ksxkA
mj varjA7@119@2A
ln~xjq cSn cpu fcLoklk] late ;g u fc"k;
izcy vfc|k re fefV tkbZ] gkjfga ldy lyHk
dS vklk**A7@121@6 ;gk¡ xq# ds lkFk ^ln*
in nsdj lpsr fd;k gS fd dgaha ge mu ^leqnkbZ**7@119@5A
dfy;qxh xq# ds pDdj esa u Qal tkos tks bl izdkj bl ,d nksgs ds inksa esa gh
la'k;&Hkze gjus ds LFkku ij f'k"; dk /ku mÙkjdk.M dh lewph xkFkk lgsth xbZ gSA izHkq us
gj.k djus okys gSa& ;gk¡ bl nksgs esa ^ln~xq#* :ih Hkxoku 'kadj dk
^^xq# f'k"k cf/kj va/k dk ys[kk] ,d u lqub ,d ufga egÙo Lo;a ls ¼gfj ls½ Hkh vf/kd crk;k gSA
ns[kkA D;ksafd jketh us ,d pkSikbZ ds iwoZ gh
^^fprofga ftfe gfjtu gfj ikbZ**A gfj izkIr gks
tkus dh dgh gS blls ftKklqvksa dks 'kadk gksuh vuqies; gSA i| esa Hkh 'kCn la;kstu dk ,slk
LokHkkfod gS fd vc loZ Dys’k gj.kdrkZ gfj vn~Hkqr esy gS fd izlax LFky ds eq[; 'kCn
gh fey x;s] blds ckn Hkh D;k la'k; eksg Hkze vkSj dgha dgha rks rqdkar Hkh] bl o"kkZ o.kZu esa
vkfn ds fuokj.k gsrq ^lnxq#* dh vko';drk xqafQr feysxaAs frl ij i| foU;kl Hkh ,slk
jgrh gS \ blh 'kadk lek/kku gsrq gh izHkq us ljl gS fd jlkuqHkwfr esa D;k etky tks fdafpr~
vxyh pkSikbZ ^^ftfe f}t nzksg fd,¡ dqy uklk** ek= dh deh eglwl gks tk;sA xgu euu djus
esa jktk izrkiHkkuq ¼jko.k½ dh xkFkk dgh FkhA ij Li”V izrhfr gksrh gS fd ;g d`fr ¼ekul½
ogk¡ dFkk esa ladr s gS fd dkydsrq jk{kl us ekuqf"kd ugha gS] lgh ek;us esa ^^rl dfggm¡
izrkiHkkuq ds mijksfgr ¼xq#½ /keZ#fp dk gj.k fg;¡ gfj ds izsjs** ls gh fufeZr gqbZ gSA vU;Fkk
igys fd;k ^^jktk ds mijksfgrfg gfj yS x;m brus fo'kky egkdkO; ds izR;sd 'kCn dks izkjEHk
cgksfj**A1@171 rkfd mls mfpr ijke'kZ u ls vUr rd lek;ksftr fd;s j[kuk] tksfd
fey ldsA jko.k dks mfpr ijke'kZ nsus okys vkt dEI;wVj ds fy;s Hkh vlaHko lk gS] ml
foHkh"k.kth Hkh yadk ls igys gVs] ;k ykr Hkkst i= ;qx esa dSls laHko gksrk \
ekjdj gVk;s x;s rc jko.k dk fouk'k gks cj"kk xr fueZy fjrq vkbZ A lqf/k u rkr
ik;kA ;gh D;ksa] ukjnth o x#M+th rks lnSo lhrk dS ikbZ AA
izHkq ds lEidZ esa jgus okyksa esa gSaA fdUrq os Hkh pkrqekZl lekiu ds nwljs fnu] izHkq us
eksg xzLr gq;s vkSj mUgsa Hkh ^lnxq#* dh y{e.kth ls dgk&
vko';drk iM+hA gs rkr! o"kkZ rks chr xbZ ¼'kjn _rq Hkh xbZ½
lwfpr fd;k foxr 16osa nksgs ^^pys vkSj fueZy gseUr _rq vk xbZ fdUrq gs rkr!
gjf"k rft uxj** esa fot;kn'keh dk fnu FkkA Jhlhrk dh dksbZ [kcj rd ugha feyhA
16osa ls 17osa nksgs ds chp dh vkB pkSikb;ksa ^cj"kk xr fueZy fjrq vkbZ& ,d o”kZ esa N%
dh lksyg i¡fä;ksa ds 16 fnol o nksgs ds pkj _rq,¡ ;Fkk olUr] xzh”e] o"kkZ] ‘kjn] gseUr o
pj.kksa ds pkj fnu feykdj 20 fnu iwjs gksrs gSa f’kf’kj ds vuqlkj o”kkZ _rq nks eghus dh gh
vkSj n'kgjs ds 20 fnu ckn gh nhikoyh iM+rh gksrh gS tksfd igys gh chr xbZ ^^cj"kk fcxr
gSA bl rjg vkt ;g nhikoyh dk fnu gqvkA ljn fjrq vkbZZ**A fdUrq o"kkZdky iwjs pkj ekg
fp=dwV esa vkt Hkh nhikoyh ds fnu lekjksg dk ekuk x;k gS ^îzo`rk% lkSE; pRokjks eklk
euk;k tkrk gSA okf"kZd lafKrk**ok-jk4@26@14A vr% ^cjlk
o"kkZ o.kZu Jhen~okYehfd jkek;.k ds xr* esa ;gk¡ mldk chruk dgk vkSj ;gk¡ 'kjn
fdf"dU/kkdk.M lxZ 28 esa Hkh gqvk gSA vkSj _rq dk mYys[k u djds lh/ks fueZy _rq vkbZ
gksus dks dbZ iqjk.kksa lfgr Jhen~Hkkxorth esa Hkh dgk gS x;kA blls tuk;k fd vkdk'k esa xzg
gqvk gSA dkfynkl ds es?knwr esa Hkh gS] fdUrq vkSj u{k= fueZy gks x;s gSa ^^fueZy xzg u{k=k
ekul dk o"kkZ o.kZu vius vkiesa vuwBk vkSj |kS% izu"V cykgdk**ok-jk-4@32@14A
vuqie gSA izHkq us rks pkj fo"k; ^^Hkxfr fcjfr ^lqf/k u rkr lhrk dS ikbZ& ^lqf/k* in izFke
uìuhfr fccsdk** gh bafxr fd;s gSaA ijUrq buds nsdj izHkq us lqxzhoth ij dVk{k fd;k gS D;ksafd
vUrxZr o.kZ&/keZ] vkJe&/keZ] L=h&/keZ] mUgksaus vk'oklu rks Jhlhrkth ds feykus dk
dqy&/keZ] lar&vlar y{k.k] Kku&foKku] fn;k Fkk ^^lc izdkj dfjgm¡ lsodkbZ] tsfg fcf/k
fuxqZ.k&lxq.k vkfn u tkus fdrus fo"k; ppkZ esa ^fefyfg* tkudh vkbZ** vkSj vcrd muls dksbZ
vk;s gSa fd fxurh yxkuk gh nq%'okj gSA lcls [kcj ¼lqf/k½ gh ugha feyh gSA
vn~Hkqr ckr rks ;g gS fd blesa tl&rl] ^^lhrk**& fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa ^lhrk* in nwljh
ftfe] tSls ds lax fn;s gq;s mnkgj.kksa] n`"Vkrksa ckj vk;k gS vkSj lgsrqd vk;k gSA vHkh o"kkZ]
esa tks jke dFkk fijksbZ xbZ og vius vki esa es?k] dey vkfn ds ek/;e ls Jhjketh ds
fuxqZ.k fujkdkj czã :i dh izLrqfr gqbZ gSA rc mudh igqukbZ gsrq isM+ vkSj yrk,a vius
Jhlhrkth Hkh izHkq dh egkek;k gSa vkSj vki Qwyus Qyus yxha ^^csfy fcVi lc lQy
v;ksfutk Hkh gS] ;kusfd ;s xHkZ ls mRiUu u lQwyk*A ^tkb u cjfu euksgjrkbZ] tuq êfg*
gksdj] tudth dks ;K ds fy;s Hkwfe 'kks/ku djfr tud igqukbZ**2@278@5A eqfu Jki ls
gsrq] gy pykrs le; Hkwfe ls izkIr gqbZ Fkh lw[kk gqvk n.Mdou Hkh euksgj gks mBk
^^{ks=a 'kks/k;rk yC/kk ukEuk lhrsfr foJqrk**Aok- ^^fxfjcu unh rky Nfc Nk,] fnu&fnu izfr
jk-1@66@14 vkSj osn of.kZr d`f"k deZ esa] gy vfr gksfga lqgk,**3@13@2A bl le; izo"kZ.k
pykus ls tks xgjh [kkbZ lh curh gS mls Hkh ioZr ij Hkh mudk izrki izdVk gqvk gS
^lhrk* gh dgk tkrk gSA blh /kj.kh&lqrk ^êaxy:i Hk;m cu rcrs] dhUg fuokl
lhrkth dh xkFkk dks xksLokehth us Hkh ;=&r= ^jekifr* tcrsa**A4@12@5 pw¡fd vkxs ;gk¡
viuh 'kSyh esa mn~?kkfVr fd;k gS& vla[; dfi x.k ,df=r gksus okys gSa] vr%
^^fl; firq ekrq lusg cl fcdy u ldh l¡Hkkfj A fdf"dU/kkjkT; dks vHkh ls JhlEiUu cuk fn;k
^/kjfulqrk¡* /khjtq /kjsm lem lq/kjeq gS ^^lfl laié lksg efg dSlh] midkjh dS
fcpkfj**AA2@286 vFkok laifr tSlh**4@14@5A
^^frUgfg fcyksfd fcyksdfr ^/kjuh*] nqgq¡ ldksp ,d ckj dSlsgq¡ lqf/k tkukSa A dkygq thfr
ldqpfr cjcjuh**A 2@116@3 blhfy;s d`f"k deZ fufe"k egq¡ vkukSa AA
ls tSls /ku&/kkU; dh mit gksrh gS mlh izdkj ,d ckj fdlh rjg ,oa dSlh Hkh
Jhlhrkth ds lanHkZ esa Hkh ^mitfga* 'kCn iz;qDr ¼vPNh ;k cqjh½ [kcj tku yw¡] rks dky dks Hkh
fd;k gS& thrdj iyHkj esa ys vkÅ¡ vFkok tku yw¡ fd
^^tklq val ^mitfga* xqu[kkuh] vxfur yfPN mek dky us thr yh ¼mldk izk.kkUr gks x;k gS½ rks
czãkuhA iydksa esa ys vkÅ¡] rkRi;Z gS fd mlds fy;s
Hk̀dqfV fcykl tklq tx gksbZ] jke cke fnfl lhrk vk¡lw cgk yw¡A
lksbZ**1@147@4A oLrqr% ^lhrk* in Lo;a esa gh ^,d ckj dSlsgq¡ lqf/k tkukSa& FkksM+k lk /;ku nsus
,s'o;Z dk vkSj muds dY;k.kdkjh Lo:i dk ij irk py tk;sxk fd ;gk¡ ^,d ckj* in
lwpd gS& lk;kl] /;kukd"kZ.k ds fy;s gh j[kk x;k gSA
^^mn~HkofLFkfr lagkj dkfj.kha* Dys'k gkfj.khe~A izHkq dh ek;k foLrkj dk tgk¡ dgha Hkh o.kZu
loZJs;Ldjha ^lhrka* urks·ga gqvk gS] ogk¡ ;g ^,d ckj* in blh izdkj
jkeoYyHkke~AA1@ea@5 lpsrd ds :i esa latks;k gqvk feysxkA tSlk
blhfy;s jketh ckjkr tc tudiqjh igq¡ph rc fd ukjn&eksg izlax esa ^^,d ckj* djry cj
buds b’kkjs ij flf);ksa us LoxZ ds Hkksx fcykl chuk] xkor gfj xqu xku izchuk**A1@127@3
ogk¡ tqVk fn;s& rks ekrk dkS'kY;k dks fo'o#i n'kZu djkus ds
^^flf/k lc fl; vk;lq vdfu xbZ tgk¡ iwoZ Hkh ^^,d ckj* tuuh vUgok,] dfj flaxkj
tuoklA iyuk¡ ikS<+k,**A1@200@1 vkSj lrh eksg izlax
fy,¡ laink ldy lq[k lqjiqj Hkksx esa Hkh&
fcykl**AA1@306 ^^,d ckj* vkor flo laxk] ns[ksm j?kqdqy
vkSj fookgksijkar tc os v;ks/;k igq¡ph rks dey iraxkA
_f) flf) Hkh muds ihNs nkSM+rh gqbZ igq¡ph& Hk;m eksgq flo dgk u dhUgk] Hkze cl cs"kq lh; dj
^^tc ras jkeq C;kfg ?kj vk;s] fur uo eaxy yhUgk**A1@97@8
eksn c/kk,A fjf/k flf/k laifr unh lqgkbZ] mefx izHkq loZK gSa] lhrkth ds fo"k; esa Hkh
vo/k vacqf/k dgq¡ vkbZ**2@0@3 vkSj fp=dwV lc tkurs gSa] vkxs Li"V dgk gS ^^t|fi izHkq
esa tc v;ks/;k vkSj fefFkykoklh bdV~Bs gq;s tkur lc ckrk] jktuhfr jk[kr lqj=krk**
4@22@13 y{e.kth Hkh mUgha ds va'k gSa blesa vfr ekuoh;rk ;k vykSfddrk rks vk;sxh
^^valUg lfgr euqt vorkjk] ysgm¡ fnudj gh] lkFk gh ;g naHk;qDr o vlR; Hkh
cal mnkjk**1@186@2] vkSj os Lo;a vkSjksa dks dgyk;sxhA D;ksafd izHkq us ;gk¡ dky dks fufe"k
eksg ek;k ls eqDr djkus okyksa esa Hkh gSa ^^l[kk Hkj esa thrus dh dgh gS vkSj lHkh tkurs gS
leqf> vl îfjgfj eksgw*] fl; j?kqchj pju fd jko.k ds lkFk gh mudk ;q) vBkjg fnu
jr gksgw** 2@93@1 pw¡fd pkrqekZL; ds izopuksa pyk FkkA ;fn ge ;g ekus fd izHkq us fojgh o
esa izHkq us mUgsa vkxs dk lc pfj= lquk;k gSA fo{kqC/k ekuo dh izyki yhyk ds :i esa ;s lc
vr% vkxs dh yhyk dk lgt laoj.k djus ds dgk gS tSlk fd okYehfd jkek;.k esa vusd
fy;s gh izHkq us mUgsa bl ^,d ckj* ds }kjk txg o.kZu i<+us dks feyrk gS&
iqu% viuh ek;k ds yisVs esa fy;k gSA vkSj ^^fueZ;kZnkfuek¡Yyksdku~ dfj";kE;|
Hkyk y{e.kth dks blesa D;k ,rjkt gks ldrk lk;dS%AA
gS\ os rks izHkq dh izlUurk ds fy;s Lo;a gh ârka e`rka ok lkSfe=s u nkL;fUr
vfoosdh Hkh cuus ds fy;s rRij jgrs gSa ees'ojk%**AA3@64@69
^^lsofg y[kuq lh; j?kqchjfg] ftfe vfccsdh vFkkZr~ ^^gs y{e.k ! ;fn nsos'ojx.k
iq#"k ljhjfg**A2@141@2 esjh gjh ;k ejh gqbZ lhrk dks ykdj eq>s ugha
^dSlsgq¡ lqf/k tkukSa*& Jhjketh ^,dkSJqr%* dgs nsxas rks vkt eSa vius lk;dksa dh ekj ls bu
x;s gSa ;kus fd ;fn dksbZ mUgsa cM+k lk xzUFk Hkh rhuksa yksdksa dks e;kZnk ls Hkz"V dj nwaxk**A rc
i<+dj lquk ns rks os mls T;ksa dk R;ksa ;kn j[k blds lek/kku esa dguk gS fd os ekul esa
ysxa]s le; iM+us ij nksgjk Hkh nsxaAs blhfy;s of.kZr izHkq dh foyki yhyk dks vPNh rjg ls
dgk x;k gS ^^xqj x`g¡ x, i<+u j?kqjkbZ] vYi le>saA Hkys gh e;kZnk iq#”kksÙke dk pfj= fp=.k
dky fo|k lc vkbZ**A1@203@4 rc djus okyh okYehfd jkek;.k esa ,sls laokn fey
Jhlhrkth ds fo"k; esa tVk;wth egkjkt }kjk nh tk;sa fdUrq ekul esa bl izdkj dk ,d Hkh
xbZ lwpuk ^ûkFk nlkuu ;g xfr dhUgh] rsfg vfrekuoh; ;k ve;kZfnr laokn ns[kus ugha
[ky tudlqrk gfj yhUgha**A3@30@2 dgha Hkyk feysxkA rc ;gk¡ bl LFky ij Hkh bldk
foLe`r gks ldrh gS\ y{e.kth ds le{k vkSfpR; dSls gks ldrk gS\ izHkq dk vfHkizk;
vufHkK dk ukVd djuk gS tks lR; Hkh gksA dky dks thrus ls gksrk rks os ^dkygq* ds LFkku
;gk¡ ^dSlsgq¡* ls izHkq dk ¼ukVdh;½ vfHkizk;% gS ij ^dkyfg* dgrs ^^mek u dNq dfi dS
fd Jhlhrkth fdl fLFkfr esa gSa dgha mudh vf/kdkbZ] izHkq izrki tks ^dkyfg*
e`R;q rks ugha gks xbZ\ vkSj ;fn os thfor gSa rks [kkbZ**5@2@9A ;gk¡ ^dkygq* dgk x;k gS ;kus
dgk¡ gSa vkSj dSlh gSa\ dky us thr yhA bldk lgh lek/kku Lo;a izHkq
^dkygq thfr fufe"k egq¡ vkukSa& ges’kk ;g /;ku us gh vxyh pkSikbZ esa fd;k gSA
jgs] izHkq lgt ekuoh; yhyk dj jgs gSa txg esjh {kqnzefr esa bldk okP;kFkZ ;ksa gksuk
txg bldk ladr s fd;k gS ^îwju dke jke lq[k pkfg;s ^,dckj* dSlh Hkh ¼vPNh ;k cqjh½ [kcj
jklh] êuqt pfjr dj* vt vfcuklh**3@29@17A tku yw¡A ;fn dky us gh thr yh gS vFkkZr~
izHkq tSls ^,dkSJqr* gSa oSls gh os ^,dkSopuh;* dky dofyr gks xbZ gSa rks mls iydksa esa gh ys
Hkh gSaA vlR; ;k vuxZy Hkk"k.k muls dkslksa vkÅ¡ ¼;kus jksdj lUrks"k dj yw¡½**A
nwj jgrk gS ^^l[kk cpu ee e`"kk u drgq¡ jgm tkSa thofr gksbZA rkr tru dfj
gksbZ**4@6@23A vkSj blh n`f"Vdks.k ls gh vkum¡ lksbAZ A
êkul* dk okpu gksuk pkfg;sA ;fn ^dkygq dgha ij ;fn og thfor jg xbZa gksa rks
thfr* dk vFkZ dky dofyr gqbZ lhrkth dks gs rkr ! ;Ru ¼mik;] mipkj½ djds mls ys
;ejktth ds ;gk¡ ls iqu% ykSVk ykuk djsxas rks vkÅ¡ A
^drgq¡ jgm tkSa thofr gksbZ& ^tkSa*¾;fn] ;g fn;k gS ^^lqf/k u rkr lhrk dS ikbZ**A ckYehfd
lansgkFkZd in gSA fiNyh v)kZyh ^dkygq thfr* jkek;.k ds fdf"dU/kk dk.M lxZ 30 'yksd 66
esa izHkq us lhrkth dh e`R;q gks tkus dh ls 68 esa izHkq us Lo;a dks 'kksd larIr crkrs
lEHkkouk O;Dr dh FkhA vkSj ;gk¡ ^tkSa thofr gq;s ^êSa vukFk gw¡] esjk frjLdkj fd;k gS] eSa
gksbZ* esa muds thfor gksus dh {kh.k lh lEHkkouk nhu gw¡**] bR;kfn vusd nSU; opu dgs gSaA blh
O;Dr dh gS] og Hkh vfr nhu ghu voLFkk esa] nSU;koLFkk dh >yd bu ^rkr* inksa esa gSA bu
blfy;s ;gk¡ thfor ;k ^thor* ¼thor ikm u nksuksa pkSikb;ksa ds ^dSlsgq¡ lqf/k tkukSa*] ^tkSa
ikNsa /kjgha 2@191@2½ ;k ¼ftvr fQjsm¡ ysb thofr gksbZ*] ^tru dfj vkum¡* vkfn ls Hkh
jke l¡nslw 2@152@3½ ugha dg dj ^thofr* izHkq ds eu dh O;kdqyrk le>h tk ldrh gSA
dgk gSA vkSj guqekuth dks Hkh ekrk tkudhth ^tru*¾;Ru bldk rkRi;Z gS fd dk;Z fo’ks”k
,slh gh nhu&n'kk esa feyh Fkha ^^d`l ruq lhl lko/kkuh ls djukA #X.k vkSj detksj O;fDr
tVk ,d csuh** mUgsa nhu nlk esa ns[k dj os dh ns[kHkky ds fy;s ^tru* 'kCn iz;qDr gksrk
Hkh ije nq[kh gq, Fks ^îje nq[kh Hkk ioulqr gSA izHkq dh /kkj.kk gS fd lhrkth ;fn dgha ij
nsf[k tkudh nhu**5@8 oLrqr% Jhlhrkth ds thfor Hkh gkasxh rks vR;Ur nhu o #X.kkoLFkk esa
thofr jgus esa izHkq us tks 'kadk O;Dr dh gS gh gkasxh ftUgsa ^tru* iwoZd ykuk gksxkA
mldk eq[; vk/kkj muds dgs gq;s opu gh gSa& lqxzhogq¡ lqf/k eksfj fclkjh A ikok jkt dksl
^^jkf[kv vo/k tks vof/k yfx jgr u iqj ukjh AA
tfuvfga izku**A2@66 lqxhz o uss Hkh esjh lqf/k ¼[kcj ysuh½
nwljs esa] izHkq us Lo;a Hkh dgk Fkk fd Hkwyk nhA D;ksafd og jkT;] dks"k] uxj vkSj
jk{kl yksx euq";ksa dks [kk tk;k djrs gSa ^ûj L=h] tks ik x;k gS A
vgkj jtuhpj pjgha] diV cs"k fcf/k dksfVd ^lqxhz ogq¡ lqf/k eksfj fclkjh& ^lqxhz ogq¡* dgus esa
djgha**2@62@1A vkSj jketh us tc jk{klksa vk'p;Z tfur migkl ¼fonzwi½ dk Hkko gSA
}kjk [kkbZ gqbZ vfLFk;ksa dk <+sj ns[kk Fkk rc jketh dk vfHkizk; gS fd lk/kkj.k tu eq>s
lhrkth Hkh lkFk Fkha ^^vfLFk lewg nsf[k Hkqyk nsa rks dksbZ vk'p;Z ughaa gSA ijUrq lqxzho
j?kqjk;k] iwNh eqfuUg ykfx vfr nk;k**A mldk rks esjs Lo:i dks tku x;k gS ^^ckj ckj ukob
dkj.k tkudj tc j?kqoa'kh ohj Hkh jks iM+s Fks in lhlk] izHkqfg tkfu eu gj"k dihlk**A vkSj
^^fuflpj fudj ldy eqfu [kk,] lqfu ^j?kqchj* fQj mlus esjs cy dks Hkh dlkSVh ij dlds
u;u ty Nk,**3@8@8 rc lhrkth rks fp= ns[kk gS ^^nqanqfHk vfLFk rky ns[kjk,] fcuq iz;kl
esa cusa cUnj ls Mj tkus okyh lqdkseykaxh dgh j?kqukFk <gk,**A bu lcds ckn Hkh mlus esjh
xbZ gSa ^^fp=fyf[kr dfi nsf[k lqf/k fcljk nh!!! mls lq[kh cukus ds fy;s eSaus
Msjkrh**2@59@4A bUgha lc dkj.kksa ls izHkq dh lhrk fcNksg ds nq%[k dks Hkh rkd ij j[k fn;kA
lksp gS fd lhrkth ds izk.k i[ks# muls fcNqM+rs mlds fy;s egkcyh ckyh dk o/k djds
gh mM+ x;s gksxaAs blfy;s izHkq us ^dkygq thfr* O;k/k Hkh dgyk;k ^^c/ksgq C;k/k bo ckfy
dgkA vkSj blhfy;s tc lhrkth ds thfor gksus fcpkjk**6@89@5 iqjtuksa dh xkfy;k¡ Hkh lgha&
dk lekpkj guqekuth us mUgsa lquk;k rc ^^dfi lqxzho ca/kq&Hk;&C;kdqy] vk;ks lju
vk'p;Z ls tks lcls igyk iz'u jketh us fd;k iqdkjhA
gS ^^dggq rkr dsfg Hkk¡fr tkudh] jgfr] djfr lfg u lds nk#u nq[k tuds] gR;ks ckfy lfg
jPNk Loizku dh**5@29@8 blls Hkh bl ^xkjh*Afcu;166@7
/kkj.kk dh iqf"V gksrh gSA tks ckyh dh =kl ls fnu jkr O;kdqy
^rkr tru dfj vkum¡ lksbZ& bl v)kZyh ds jgrk Fkk] fpUrk ls ftldh Nkrh tyk djrh
iwoZ Hkh izHkq us y{e.kth dks ^rkr* lEcks/ku Fkh] fujUrj dh ekjihV ds dkj.k ftlds 'kjhj
ds ?kko Hkh lw[k ugha ikrs Fks mlh dks eSaus LokHkkfod yxs blfy;s ckyh ds leku gh
dfijkt cuk fn;k ^^ckfy =kl O;kdqy fnu lqxhz oth dks ekjus dh dgh gSA bldk [kqyklk
jkrh] ru cgq czu fprk¡ tj Nkrh**A ^^lksb vxyh pkSikbZ ^^rk dg¡ mek dh liusgq dksgk**
lqxzho dhUg dfijkm** ogh lqxhz o eq>s Hkqyk, esa gqqvk gSA
cSBk gSA izHkq dk vfHkizk; gS fd mlus tc esjh ^rsfg lj grkSa ew<+ dg dkyh& ckyh ds fy;s
gh ^lqf/k* fcljk nh gS rks mlls lhrk lqf/k ykus jketh us êkjk* in iz;qDr fd;k gS rks lqxzhoth
dh mEehn dSls dh tk;A ds fy;s ^grkSa* dgkA bu nksuksa ds Hkkoksa esa
îkok jkt dksl iqj ukjh& ^lqxzhogq¡* dg dj fdafpr lk vUrj gSA oLrqr% ckyh dks viuk
izHkq us tks vk'p;Z O;Dr fd;k Fkk] mlh dk i{k izLrqr djus dk volj u nsdj mls ^fcVi
lek/kku ;gk¡ Lo;a gh fn;k gS fd ;fn fdlh dks vksV* ls êkjk* FkkA ckyh us Hkh ^êkjsgq eksfg
jkT;] dks"k] iqj vkSj ukjh bu pkjksa essa ls dksbZ O;k?k dh ukbZ** dk mykguk fn;k gSA vkSj ^grkSa*
,d oLrq Hkh izkIr gks tk;s rks mls en mRiUu in }Un ;q) esa ekjus ij gh iz;qDr gksrk gS&
gks tkrk gS& ^grkSa u [ksr [ksykb [ksykbZ**6@34@11 ;k ^dgk¡
^^Jhen cØ u dhUg dsfg] izHkqrk cf/kj jkeq ju grkSa ipkjh**6@102@4A izHkq dk
u dkfgA ladr s gS fd igys lqxhz o ls vkeuk lkeuk gks
e`xykspfu ds uSu lj] dks vl ykx tk;s] mldh lqu ysa] ;fn vijk/kh izekf.kr gksxk
u tkfg**AA7@70 rks ftl ck.k ls ckyh ekjk x;k] ogh ck.k
vkSj lqxhz o dkss rks ;s pkjksa gh inkFkZ ,d lkFk vHkh Hkh lqxhz o ds fy;s rjd'k esa lqjf{kr iM+k
fey x;s gSa rc og eq>s Hkwy tk;s rks blesa D;k gqvk gSA ;gk¡ ^tsfg lk;d* vkSj ^rssfga lj* ds
vk'p;Z\ fdUrq tks vius fn;s opuksa dks Hkqyk ns }kjk Li"V lwfpr fd;k gS fd izHkq ds ck.k
^^lc izdkj dfjgm¡ lsodkbZ] tsfg fcf/k fefyfg veks?k gSa O;FkZ ugha tkrs vkSj okj djus ds ckn
tkudh vkbZ** vkSj tku cw> dj Hkh d`r?u os iqu% rjd'k esa izos'k dj tkrs gSa ^/kfj lj
cuk jgs ,sls dks fe= ekuuk vkSj mldk eq¡g pys tgk¡ txnhlk*] îzfcls lc fu"kax egq tkbZ*
tksguk egkiki gS& ^^ts u fe= nq[k gksfg 6@102@8 A
nq[kkjh] frUgfg fcyksdr ikrd Hkkjh** vr,o êw<+ dg¡ dkyh*& izFke pj.k esa rks izHkq us ckyh
izHkq dks vleatl eas dguk iM+k & dks ekjus dh ckr cM+h tksj ls vkSj Li"V dgh
tsfga lk;d ekjk eSa ckyh A rsfga lj grkSa ew<+ gS] blfy;s dbZ Vhdkdkj bls lqxzhoth dks ekjus
dh izfrKk ¼cpu ee e`"kk u gksbZ½ Hkh eku ysrs
dg¡ dkyh AA gSaA ;ksa Hkh ckYehfd jkek;.k ;k v/;kRe
ftl ck.k ls eSusa ckyh dks ekjk Fkk]
jkek;.k esa izHkq us lqxhz oth dks] bl izlax esa
mlh rhj ls ew<+ ¼lqxhz o½ dks dy ek:¡xkA
d`r?u] nq"V] iwoksZidkj u ekuus okyk vkfn
^grkSa*¾ek:¡] vkSj dy ek:¡xk ds fy;s ^gfrg¡m*
dgk gS ^îwoksZidkfj.ka nq"V% d`r?uksa foLe`rks fg
gksuk pkfg;s tSlkfd ^^lquq lqxzho ekfjgm¡
eke~**v-jk-4@5@9A ijUrq ekul dk o.kZu
ckfyfg ,dfga cku** esa êkfjgm¡* FkkA blds
fujkyk gSA blesa rks y{e.kth tc lqxhz oth dks
vuqlkj ;gk¡ vFkZ gksxk fd ftl ck.k ls eSus
ekjus ds fy;s py iM+s rc izHkq dks gh mUgsa
ckyh dks ekjk gS ;fn mls Hkh mlh ck.k ls ek#¡
vius l[kk lEcU/k dh nqgkbZ nsuh iM+h ^^Hk;
rks eq>s dy ¼Hkfo"; esa fe= /keZ dk fuokZg u
ns[kkbZ yS vkogq rkr l[kk lqxhz o**A oLrqr%
dj ikus ds dkj.k½ ew<+ dgsxaAs
tsfga lk;d ekjk eSa ckyh& y{e.kth izHkq dh nwljs pj.k esa izHkq us Lo;a dks vleatl dh
ek;k ds izHkko esa gSa vldk ladr
s igys gh ^,d fLFkfr esa n'kkZ;k gS ^rsfg lj grkS*\ ;g Lo;a ls
ckj dSlsgq¡* esa fd;k gSA pw¡fd muls Hkh fd;k gqvk iz'u gS vkSj ^êw<+ dg¡ dkyh** esa
Øks/k yhyk lEikfnr djkuh gSA vr% izHkq us mlh dk mÙkj fn;k gS] Hkko gS fd ckyh dks
Lo;a Hkh Øks/k dk izn’kZu fd;k gSA vfHku;
ekjus ij C;k/k dgyk;k vkSj lqxhz o dks grwaxk x;k FkkA os iqu% eksg xzLr u gks ikosa blfy;s
rks yksx dy gh eq>s ew<+ dgsxas A Hkxoku ‘kadj us mUgsa vj.;dk.M ds izkjEHk esa
;fn bl pj.k dk ikjEifjd vFkZ ^^mlh gh lko/kku dj fn;k Fkk&
rhj ls ml ew<+ lqxzho dks dy ek:axk** fy;k ^^mek jke xqu xw<+ iafMr eqfu ikofga
tk;s rc Hkh izHkq us lqxhz oth dks ew<+ gh dgk gS fcjfrA
tksfd viuRo Hkjk lEcks/ku gS ¼ns[ksa Vhdk êw<+ ikofga eksg fcew<+ ts gfj fceq[k u /keZ
rksfg vfrl; vfHkekuk* 4@8@½A ew<+ ew[kZ dks jfr**A3@eaxykpj.kAA
dgrs gSaA vkSj loZK gksus ls izHkq tkurs gSa fd tc lrh Lo:i esa Fkha rc os izHkq dh
okujksa dks ,df=r djus ds fy;s lqxzhoth nwrksa fojg&foyki&yhyk dks ns[k dj foeksfgr gks xbZ
dks Hkst pqds gSa] flQZ viuh ew[kZrko'k lwfpr FkhaA vkSj ;gk¡ vc jketh dh Øks/k yhyk py
ugha fd;k gSA vr% mUgsa ew<+ dgkA jgh gS vr% Hkxoku f’ko us mUgsa rqjUr lko/kku
bl ^dkyh* in ds }kjk izHkq us gesa fd;kA mek lEcks/ku dk rkRi;Z gh mUgsa lko/kku
mins’k fn;k gS fd fdlh Hkh vfiz; dk;Z dk djuk vkSj tgk¡ Hkh xqIr ckr izdV djuh gksrh
fu.kZ; Øks/kkoLFkk ;k tYnckth esa dnkfi ugha gS ogk¡ ^fxfjtk** iz;qä djrs gSa ^^vkSjm ,d
ysuk pkfg;sA ml ¼vfiz;dk;Z½ dks dy ij Vky dgm¡ fut pksjh] lquq ^fxfjtk* vfr n`<+ efr
nsuk pkfg;sA dgkor gS fd ^dy dHkh ugha rksjh**1@195@3 vkSj ekrk ikoZrh ds iwNs pkSng
vkrk* ¼Tommorow will never come½ vr% iz’uksa ds tgk¡ lek/kku gksaxs ogk¡ ikoZrh lEcks/ku
vfgr Hkh ugha gks ikrkA izHkq ds dzks/k Hkjs opuksa feysxk vkSj tgk¡ xw<+ rÙo dh fl)kUr dh ckr
dks lqu ikoZrhth ds eq[k ij vk’p;Z dk Hkko dguh gSA
vk x;k] bls ns[kdj Hkxoku egs’k dks dguk ^rk dgq¡ mek fd liusgq¡ dksgk& ekrk mekth ds
iM+k& vk'p;Z pfdr gks tkus dk ,d dkj.k vkSj Hkh
tklq dìk¡ NwVfg en eksgk A rk dgq¡ mek gS A vHkh vHkh izopuksa ds lekiu ij izHkq us
fd liusgq¡ dksgk AA dgk Fkk fd ^^lnxqj feysa tkfga ftfe lal; Hkze
gs mek ! ftudh vgSrqd&vgfuZ'k dìk leqnkbZ** vkSj bl Kkuksins’k ds rRdky ckn tc
ls Hkä tuksa ds en vkSj eksg NwV tkrs gSa Lo;a izHkq dks gh Øks/kkrqj ns[kk rks mudh
Hkyk!! mu Jhjketh dks dgha LoIu esa Hkh Øks/k eq[kkd`fr ij iz'u fpUg mHkj vk;sA bUgha fpUgksa
vk ldrk gSA dks ns[kdj gh ^f=Hkqou xq# us* mu la'k;ksa ds
^tklq dìk¡ NwVfg en eksgk& vHkh pkrqekZl fuokj.kkFkZ tks ckr ¼^^rk dgq¡ mek fd liusgq¡
vof/k esa Jhjketh tc O;kl xn~nh ij dksgk**½ dgh gS og vR;Ur xw<+ gSA izk;% lius
fojkteku Fks rc vkius /;ku fn;k gksxk fd fL=;ksa dks gh vf/kd vkrs gSaA ekul esa Lo;a
mu izopuksa ds e/; u rks Hkxoku lnkf'ko us mekth ds LoIu dk o.kZu gS ^^lqufg ekrq eSa
vkSj u gh ekul ds vU; fdlh oDrk ¼;Fkk nh[k vl ^liu* lqukom¡ rksfg**A1@72
dkdHkq'kqf.Mth vkSj ;kKoYD;th½ us gh dksbZ f=tVkth dks vk;s lius us rks guqekuth dk
fVIi.kh dh gSA vU;Fkk chp chp esa izk;% lHkh fn’kk funsZ’k fd;k gS ^^lius ckuj yadk tkjh]
tu blh izdkj vius&vius Jksrk ds la'k;ksa dk tkrq/kku lsuk lc Hkkjh**5@10@3 vkSj lhrkth
fujkdj.k djrs pyrs gSaA izHkq ds fp=dwV ls ds lius dk Hkh mYys[k gS ^^tkxs lh;¡ ^liu*
n.Mdkj.; esa i/kkjus ds ckn lokZf/kd fVIif.k;k¡ vl ns[kk**2@225@3A ijUrq fo”.kq ds vFkZ esa
Hkxoku 'kadj dh gh dh gqbZ feyasxhA D;ksafd O;kid czã rks dsoy dYikUr ij gh] og Hkh
;gh og LFky gS] tks mek egs'oj ds fy;s ‘ks”k ‘kS¸;k ij vkSj ;ksx funzk esa lksrk gS
n.MLo:i cuk FkkA vius lrh Lo:i esa ekdZ.Ms; iqjk.k esa bldk cM+k gh lqUnj o.kZu gS
JhikoZrhth blh n.Mdkj.; esa gh eksgxzLr gqbZa &
Fkha vkSj Hkxoku 'kadj ls Hkh mudk foNksg gks
^^;ksxfunzka ;nk fo".kqtZxR;sdk.kZohd`rsA dh ppkZ dh gSA ;gk¡ êqfu X;kuh* in fpjathoh
vkLrh;Z 'ks"keHktRdYikUrs Hkxoku~ ekdZ.Ms; eqfu dk gh ladr s d gSA muds izalx esa
izHkq%**AA1@66&67 nqxkZ lIr’krh fey tk;sxk ^^fpjthoh eqfu X;ku fcdy tuq]
ekul esa Hkh] izHkq us uhan vkus dk cwM+r ygsm cky voyacu**A2@285@7 izHkq dh
dsoy ukVd gh fd;k gS ^^lqfefj laHkq xqj fciz dìk ls ,dek= bUgha eqfu dks dYikar dk n`’;]
in fd, ûhn cl* uSu**1@356 tc esjs ;ksxfunzk esa lks;s gq, izHkq dks ns[kus dk volj
jketh esa uhan gh ugha gS rks Hkyk mUgsa LoIu feyk FkkA blfy;s iwoksZä v)kZyh ds nsgyh ij
dgk¡ vk;asxs vkSj rc os ^liusgq¡ dksgk* Hkh dSls ^liusgq¡ dksgk* dks j[kdj ;gk¡ ^tkufga ;g
gkasxs\ pfj=* dgk vFkkZr~ bl pfj= dks tkuus okys
tkufga ;g pfj= eqfu X;kuh A ftUg ¼ekdZ.Ms;th½ us izHkq dks ogk¡ oV i= ij f'k'kq
j?kqchj pju jfr ekuh AA :i esa ysVs gq;s ns[kk Fkk tksfd vius gh dj ls
gs mek ! Jhj?kqoj ds bl yhyk pfj= vius gh pj.k dey dks vius gh eq[kkjfoUn
jgL; dks eqfu ¼oukJeksa esa fparu&euu djus esa Mky dj ih jgs Fks] og Hkh fLer Hkko ls&
okys vxLR;th] okYehfdth tSls½ Kkuh ¼fonsg ^^djkjfoUnsu inkjfoUna eq[kkjfoUns
tSsls fojDr½ ;k ftUgksaus ,dek= Jhj?kqchjth ds fofuos'k;UraA
pj.kkjfoUnksa esa gh viuh fpÙk o`fÙk n`<+ dj yh oVL; i=L; iqVs 'k;kua ckya eqdqUna eulk
gS ¼Hkjrth tSls x`gLFk½ os gh tku ldrs gSa A Lejkfe**AA
^tkufga ;g pfj= eqfu X;kuh& jkekorkj ds xw<+ okYehfdth dk dgk ^^lksbZ ^tkub* tsfg nsgq
jgL; tkuus ds fufeÙk ls] ekrk ikoZrh us tukbZ**2@126@3 Hkh lEHkor% ekdZ.Ms;th dks
Hkxoku lnkf'ko ls tks 14 iz'u fd;s gSa muesa bafxr djds gh dgk x;k gSA
jke cuokl ls lEcfU/kr NBs iz'u esa ^pfjr* ^ftUg j?kqchj pju jfr ekuh& ladrs d ds :i
¼;gk¡ ^pfj=*½ in vk;k gS ^^cucfl dhUgsa esa ;gk¡ ds dksbZ u dksbZ in tSls fd êqfu*]
^pfjr* vikjk] dggq ukFk ftfe jkou ekjk** ^X;kuh*] ^ftUg*] ^pfj=*] ^jfr*] ^pju*] bR;kfn
1@109@7A bl iz'u ls lEcfU/kr tgk¡ Hkh mijksDr HkkokFkZ esa dgs tuksa ds izlaxksa esa vo';
izR;qÙkj feysxas ogk¡ iz'uksÙkjh esa rkjrE;rk n'kkZus feysaxAs tsSls fd ^pju* in tudth ds izlax esa
okys blh izdkj ds ¼^pfjr*] ^cucfl* cu ^^ckj ckj ekxm¡ dj tksjs] euq ifjgjS ^pju* tfu
vkfn½ ladr s d Hkh feysaxAs fp=dwV izos'k ds Hkksjs**1@341@5A ^jfr* in vxLR;th ds izlax esa
izkjEHk esa gh ;g ^pfjr* in okYehfdth ds eq[k ^^vl rc :i c[kkum¡ ¼pfjr½ tkum¡] fQfj
ls mPpkfjr fey tk;sxk ^^jke nsf[k lqfu fQfj lxqu czã ^jfr* ekum¡** 3@12@13A
^pfjr* rqEgkjs] tM+ eksgfga cq/k gksfga vkSj Hkjrth ds izalx esa rks ^pju jfr* nksuksa
lq[kkjs**2@127@7A lrhth Hkh n.Mdou esa gh gh gSa tksfd HkDrx.kksa dk lqizfl) lEiqV Hkh gS
eksgxzLr gqbZ Fkha vkSj Hkxoku 'kadj us jke ^^lhrkjke ^pju jfr* eksjs] vuqfnu c<+gq
pfjr dk izkjEHk Hkh blh mYys[k ls fd;k gS& vuqxzg rksjs**A2@204@2 vkSj ;g ^ftUg* in
^^tklq ^pfjr* voyksfd Hkokuh] lrh ljhj rks ;= r= dbZ txg ns[kus fey tk;sxk izk;%
jfggq ckSjkuh** jke HkfDr esa yxs lHkh yksxksa ds fy;s iz;qDr
vtgq¡ u Nk;k feVfr rqEgkjh] rklq ^pfjr* lquq gqvk gS ^^jkedFkk ds rsb vf/kdkjh] ^ftUg* ds
Hkze #t gkjh*A 1@140@5 blh izdkj ds lr laxfr vfr I;kjh**A7@127@7A
ladr s d lHkh iz’uksa ds lek/kku esa lc txg yfNeu Øks/koar izHkq tkuk A /kuq"k p<+kb
feysxas vkSj ;s xw<+kFkZ Hkjs gksrs gSaA bl êqfu xgs dj ckuk AA
X;kuh* esa Hkh blh izdkj dk xw<+kFkZ Hkjk Hkjk ;g pkSikbZ }~;FkhZ gS vkSj nksuksa gh vFkZ
gqvk gSA Åij ^liusgq¡ dksgk* esa ekdZ.Ms; iqjk.k ,d nwljs ds iwjd gSa vkSj nksuksa jkek;.kksa ls
iksf"kr Hkh ¼1½ y{e.kth us T;ksagh izHkq dks fd os [kj&nw"k.k f=f'kjkfn ds lax ;q) u djds
Øks/k;qDr tkuk rqjUr /kuq"k dh izR;apk p<+k yh izHkq ds vkns'k ls lhrkth dks ysdj danjk esa
vkSj gkFk esa ck.k ys fy;sA ¼2½ y{e.kth pys x;s ;k dqEHkdj.k vkSj jko.k tSls nq/kZ"kZ
okLro esa Øks/k;qDr gks x;s gSa ;g izHkq us tku ;ks)kvksa ds lax tc ;q) py jgk Fkk rc Hkh
fy;k D;ksafd mUgksaus /kuq"k p<+k dj gkFk esa ck.k vki f'kfoj esa cSBs jgs] D;ksa\ D;ksafd izHkq dh
Hkh ys fy;s gSaA ;'kks&xkFkk esa os Lo;a dk Hkh cVokjk ugha pkgrs
^yfNeu Øks/koar izHkq tkuk& irhyh ds pkoy gSaA fdUrq 'kwiZ.k[kk dks ukd&dku foghu djus
ids gSa ;k ugha\ bls tkuus ds fy;s dsoy ,d tSslk dksbZ dBksj dk;Z gks vkSj fQj og dq[;kfr
pkoy dks ij[kuk iM+rk gSA oSls gh ;fn fnykus okyk gks rks mls mUgsa fuiVkus esa {k.kek=
lqfe=kuUnu ds thou n'kZu dks le>uk gks rks dk foyEc Hkh lá ugha gS&
;g ,d pkSikbZ gh i;kZIr gSA izHkq vizlUu gSa ^^yfNeu ^vfr yk?ko¡* lks ukd dku fcuq
bldk mUgsa dsoy vkHkkl gqvk gS dhfUg**A 3@17
¼tkuk¾lUnsgkLin Hkko gS] ekuk n`<+rk dk y{e.kth dh lkjh ijEijk,¡ ,d ek=
lwpd½ vkSj os vfoyEc mlds fuokj.k gsrq ckyh ds fo"k; esa gh <gh gSa D;ksafd izHkq us
lktks lkeku lfgr mB [kM+s gq;sA vHkh ^^ftUg vdLekr~ Lo;a gh mldk o/k djus dh ?kks"k.kk
j?kqchj pju jfr ekuh** dh ifjHkk”kk esa dj nh Fkh ^^lquq lqxzho êkfjgm¡* ckfyfg ,dfga
tudth] vxLR;th o Hkjrth dk lUnHkZ fn;k cku**A5@6 og Hkh blfy;s fd izHkq y{e.kth
x;k FkkA ijUrq y{e.kth ds fy;s rks tUe ls gh dh izd`fr dks cgqr vPNh rjg tkurs gsSaA
jke pj.kksa esa jfr dgh x;h gS ^^ckjsfg rs fut D;ksafd os ns[k pqds gSa fd jke dk fujknj djus
fgr ifr tkuh] yfNeu jke pju ^jfr* okyk Hkys gh og mudk lgksnj HkkbZ ¼Hkjr]
ekuh**1@177@3A oLrqr% y{e.kth dh 'k=q?uth½ gh D;ksa u gks] og Hkh v{kE; gS
LoHkkoxr fo'ks"krk gS fd os fdlh ds }kjk Hkh ^^jke fujknj dj Qyq ikbZ] lksogq¡ lej lst
vkSj dksbZ Hkh ,slk dk;Z ugha gksus nsuk pkgrs gSsa nksm HkkbZ**2@229@4A blhfy;s ckyh c/k ds
ftlls jketh dh e;kZnk ;k mudh dhfrZ ij le; os mUgsa vius lax ys gh ugha x;sA ;fn
rfud Hkh vk¡p vk,A bl dksbZ esa Lo;a izHkq Hkh y{e.kth ogk¡ lkFk gksrs rks u rks lqxzhoth dks
vk x;s] ;fn muds }kjk lEikfnr dksbZ dk;Z ihB fn[kkus dk ekSdk feyrk] u gh izHkq dks
mudh xfjek ds vuqdy w ugha gS tSlsfd ^rsfga muds xys esa lqeu ekyk igukus dk d"V
lj grkS ^rks* ew<+ dg¡ dkyh* gS rks og Hkh mUgsa mBkuk iM+rk ^êsyh daB lqeu dS ekyk] iBok
Lohdk;Z ugha gSA blds foijhr] izHkq ds vkSnk;Z iqfu cy nsbZ fclkyk**A vkSj u gh ckyh ^êkjsgq
dks muds dksey o 'khyxq.kksa dks mn~Hkkflr eksfg C;k/k dh ukabZ** dk tSlk mykguk nsus ds
djkus ds fy;s os brus vkrqj jgrs gSa fd Lo;a fy;s thfor gh jgrsA
dks dBksj] Vs<+k] [kksVk] uhp] ean vkfn Hkh ^/kuq"k p<+kb xgs dj ckuk& ckyh ds izlax esa
dgykus esa mUgsa dksbZ vkifÙk ugha gS& rks y{e.kth foo'k gks x;s FksA fdUrq vc lqxzho
^^Fkj Fkj dk¡ifg iqj uj ukjh] NksV dqekj ^[kksV cM+ dks ltk nsus tSlk dBksj ,oa dq[;kfr fnykus
Hkkjh**A1@277@4 ^^lgt* Vs<+ vuqgjb u rksgh] okyk dk;Z os vius gh eRFks j[kuk pkgrs gSa(
ûhpq* ehp le ns[k u eksgh**A rkfd lqxhz oth ferkbZ ds dkj.k izHkq ij fdlh
y{e.kth ds vn~Hkqr lkeF;Z dk c[kku Hkh izdkj dk ykaNu yxus u ik;sA blfy;s dy
djrs gq;s Lo;a izHkq us dgk gS ^^tx egq¡ l[kk dh txg bls vkt gh vatke nsus ds fy;s os
fulkpj tsrs] yfNeuq gub fufe"k egq¡ /kuq"k ck.k ysdj py iM+sA
rsrs**5@43@7A tc os leLr jk{klksa dks iy /;ku nsa& ^ckuk* ¼vusd ck.k½ in ds
Hkj esa lekIr dj ldrs gSa rc D;k dkj.k gS leku ;gk¡ ^xgs dj* in] cgqopu ugha gS ;kus
nksuksa gkFkksa esa cka.k fy;s dk lwpd ugha gSA us muds lkeF;Z dks n'kkZ;k gS rks vuqu; dh
vfirq ^xgs* ¼cgqopu½ esa y{e.kth dh Rofjr gn rd tkus ds Hkko dks ^d#uk&lhao* ds }kjkA
xfr ds fy;s iz'kalk tud Hkko gSA vU;Fkk lHkh fdUrq ekul ds y{e.kth ds fy;s vuqu;&fou;
txg ^xfg in* iz;qDr gqvk gS] tSls ^lk;d dh vko';drk gh ugha gsS] os rks izHkq ds vk¡[k
xfg gkFkk*] ^xfg dj pju* ;gk¡ Hkh ^xfg dj ds b'kkjs ls gh le> tkrs gSa&
ckuk* gksrkA ^^lqfu yfNeu fcgals cgqfj] u;u rjsjs
nksgk& rc vuqtfg leq>kok j?kqifr jkeA
d#uk lhao A xqj lehi xous ldqfp] ifjgfj ckuh
cke**AA1@278
Hk; ns[kkb yS vkogq rkr l[kk
blfy;s izHkq us tc ^rsfga lj grkSa* dgk
lqxzho AA18AA rks ,d {k.k ds fy, y{e.kth dks Hkh yxk fd
rc d#.kklkxj Jhj?kqukFkth us vius izHkq dks dHkh ugha vkus okyk dzks/k vkt vk gh
vuqt dks le>k;k fd gs rkr ! lqxhz o gekjk x;k gSA fdUrq tc okD;ka’k ds vfUre ‘kCn
l[kk gS ¼blfy;s vo/; gS½ mls Hk; fn[kkdj ^grkSa ew<+ dg¡ dkyh* dku esa iM+s rks le> x;s
esjs ikl ys vkvksA fd ;g Hkh ¼dzks/koar dh½ dksbZ yhyk gS] tSlsfd
^rc vuqtfg leq>kok& ^rc* ls rkRi;Z gS ukjnth ds i/kkjus rd fojgoar dh yhyk pyh
y{e.kth dks tc ldksi Fkh ^^fcjgoar Hkxoarfg ns[kh] ukjn eu Hkk lksp
/kuq"k ck.k ysdj pyus ds fy;s m|r ns[kk rcA fcls”kh**3@40@5A blfy;s y{e.kth us Hkh
okYehfd jkek;.k esa o.kZu gS fd ^^vius vxzt dzks/koar dk ukVd gh fd;k gS] /kuq”k p<+k;k
jketh dks vR;Ur dksi;qDr vkSj nhu opu t:j gS fdUrq ml ij rhj ugha /kjk gkFk esa gh
cksyrs ns[kdj tc ekuo oa'k ds iz.ksrk fy;s jgs ^^/kuq”k p<+kb xgs dj ckuk** y{e.kth
y{e.kth us Hkh lqxhz oth ds izfr dBksj Hkko izHkq ds #[k ds vuqlkj vuqlj.k djus okys
/kkj.k dj fy;k rc& vuqt gSaA
^^l iwoZta rhozfoo`) dksia ykyI;ekua izleh{; nhue~A ^Hk; ns[kkb yS vkogq& mijksDr ^leq>kok* in
pdkj rhozka efreqxzrstk] gjhÜojs ds vUrxZr ;gk¡ rhu ckrsa Li"V gSa ¼1½ ^Hk;
ekuoo'kao/kZu%**AA4@30@85 ^vuqtfga* dgus ns[kkb* ¼2½ ^yS vkogq* ¼3½ ^rkr l[kk lqxhz o*A
esa izHkq dk Lusg Hkko >yd jgk gS A mUgsa ¼1½ ^^Hk; ns[kkb**& blfy;s dgk fd Hk; ¼;k
fofnr gS fd mudk HkkbZ muds Hkkoksa ds vuqlkj LokFkZ½ ds fcuk izhfr jgrh gh ugha ^^cksys jke
gh vuqxeu djrk gSA ^leq>kok* esa D;k ldksi rc Hk; fcuq gksb u izhfr**A5@57 mls
le>k;k ;g rks vxyh i¡fDr dk fo"k; gSA Hk; fdl izdkj dk fn[kykuk gS bldk ladr s
fdUrq ;gk¡ ^^j?kqifr d#uk lhao** dgus dk izHkq ns pqds gSa ^^tsfg lk;d ekjk eSa ckyh**A
vfHkizk; gh gS fd tks izHkq vHkh dqN {k.k iwoZ okYehfd esa Li"V dgk gS ^^lqxzho ls dguk fd
gh lqxhz o ds izfr brus dBksj gks jgs Fks ^rsfg ckyh rks vdsyk gh ekjk x;k Fkk ijUrq ;fn
lj grkS ew<+* dgk FkkA ekrk ikoZrhth dks Hkh os rqe lR; ls fopfyr gq;s rks cU/kq cka/koksa lfgr
dzq) yxs Fks ^rks dgq¡ mek fd liusgq¡ dksgk* os ekjs tkvksxs**4@30@82A blh ckr dks ogk¡
gh vc vuqt dks dkseyrk ls d#.kk iwoZd y{e.kth us ^^tkfj djm¡ iqj Nkj** ds }kjk
le>k jgs gSa fd ^^rkr ^l[kk* lqxzho**A O;ä fd;k gSA
okYehfd jkek;.k esa rks fy[kk gS fd foi{kh ohjksa ¼2½ ^^yS vkogq** blfy;s dgk D;ksafd Lo;a
dk lagkj djus okys jketh us y{e.kth dks lqxhz oth ds opu gS fd os ckyh ds =kl ls
'kkUr djus ds fy;s ^vuqu;;qDr* ckr dgh lkjs fo'o dh ifjØek dj pqds gSa ^^rkdssa Hk;
^^mokp jke% ijohjgUrk] Loohf{kra ^lkuqu;a* p j?kqchj dìkyk] ldy Hkqou eSa fQjsm¡
okD;e~**A4@31@5 ^j?kqifr* in ls xksLokehth
fcgkyk**A4@5@12 vkSj os ckyh tSls /kkod dh fd;k fd ge HkDrksa dks lUekxZ fn[kkus okys
idM+ esa Hkh ugha vk;sA vr% jketh us guqekuth dh vksj gSSaA
^leq>kok* fd ;fn rqEgkjs Hk; ls os iqu% Hkkx ^îoulqr ân;¡ fcpkjk**& îoulqr* uke
[kM+s gq;s rks gesa tkudhth ds [kkst ds lgSrqd fn;k gSA bUgsa ^îou ru; cy iou
lkFk&lkFk budh [kkst dk dk;Z Hkh djuk iM+ lekuk** dgk x;k gS budh xfr Hkh vr% iou
tk;sxkA D;ksafd jko.k dks feys ojnku ds dkj.k ds leku loZ= gSA os ;gk¡ ekStwn gaS rks izo"kZ.k
mlds fouk'k esa uj&okuj nksuksa gh t:jh gSa ioZr ij Jhjketh ds ikl Hkh vo'; gSa A fQj
^^ge dkgw ds ejfga u ekjsa] ckuj euqt tkfr Jhjketh Hkh lcds ^^mj izsjd j?kqca'k fcHkw"ku**
nqb ckjsa**1@176@4 vkSj dfiifr lqxhz oth ds dgs x;s gSa vkSj guqekuth ds ân; esa rks mudk
cqyk;s fcuk okuj dnkfi bdV~Bs ugha gksxas A fuR; fuokl gh ekuk x;k gS &
¼3½ ^^rkr l[kk lqxzho**& ^rkr* dk rkRi;Z gS ^îzuom¡ iou dqekj [ky cu ikod
pfpZr fo"k; dks rRor% tkuus okykA blhfy;s Kku ?ku A
^rkr* in dks NksVs cM+s ;kus lHkh us ijLij tklq ân; vkxkj clfga jke lj
lEcks/ku ds :i esa iz;qDr fd;k gS vkSj lHkh pki /kjAA1@17AA
txg fdlh u fdlh fo"k; dh tkudkjh dks vr% ^ân;¡ fcpkjk* ls ekuuk gksxk fd
ysdj gh ^rkr* in dgk x;k gSA ;gk¡ ^rkr lq;ksX; le; ij muds ân; esa Hkh LQqj.kk vk
l[kk lqxhz o* dgus dk vfHkizk; gS fd lqxhz o xbZA xhrkth esa iou dks ikou&ifo= djus
l[kk gksus ds ukrs lnSo vo/; gSa bls rÙor% okyk dgk x;k gS ^îou% iorkefLe**A10@31
rqe Hkh tkurs gksA ;fn ekxZ HkVd x;k gS rks vkSj fo"k;klDr lqxhz oth dks ikou cukuk gS
l[kk /keZ ds ukrs mls lqekxZ ij ykuk Hkh blhfy;s bUgsa ;gk¡ ioulqr dgk x;kA
gekjk gh mÙkjnkf;Ro gS ^^dqiFk fuokjh lqiaFk ^jke dktq lqxhz o fclkjk& Jhguqekuth egkjkt
pykok**A vr% mls ^Hk; ns[kkb ¼lax½ yS vkogq* us vorkj gh jkedkt ds fy;s fy;k gS ^^jke
A dkt yfx rc vorkjk**A vr% jkedkt buls
bgk¡ ioulqr ân;¡ fcpkjk A jke dktq ,d {k.k ds fy;s Hkh foLe`r gqvk ;g dguk Hkh
lqxzho¡ fclkjk AA vijk/k gSA vkSj fQj lhrk [kkst djkus dk
;gk¡ fdf"dU/kk uxjh esa iouiq= izFke vk'oklu rks bUgksaus gh izHkq dks fn;k Fkk
guqekuth us vius ân; esa fopkj fd;k rks yxk ^^lks lhrk dj [kkst djkbfg] tg¡ rg¡ ejdV
fd jkedkt ¼lhrk vEck dh [kkst dk dk;Z½ dks dksfV iBkbfg**A blfy;s Hkh ;s vius drZO; dks
lqxhz oth us Hkqyk fn;k gSA dSls Hkqyk ldrs gSa\ gk¡ ! muds ân; esa
^bgk¡ ioulqr ân;¡ fcpkjk& ^bgk¡* in ds }kjk lqxhz oth dks lpsr djus dk fopkj dc vkSj
u dsoy LFkku ;k izlax ifjorZu dh lwpuk nh fdl fnu vk;k bldk mYys[k ;gk¡ ugha gSA og
xbZ gS cfYd xksLokehth us dfo ds :i esa vius Hkh blfy;s fd ekul Hkfä ds lkFk gh ukV~;
i{k dks Hkh lwfpr fd;k gSA izk;% ^bgk¡* in dyk dk Hkh ,d mRd`"V xzUFk gSA vkSj jaxep
j?kqukFkth dh vksj ds izlax ds fy;s ^bgk¡ jke ij vfHkuhr ukVdksa esa jgL;&
tfl tqxqfr cukbZ**3@22@8 vkSj ^mgk¡** in jksekap&gkL;&mRlqdrk bR;kfn dks cuk;s j[kuk
vlr~] ek;k NUu ;k fu'kkpj jko.kkfn ds mldh ,d dyk gS blesa viuk fujkyk gh
o.kZuksa esa ^^mgk¡ fulkpj jgfg lladk**5@35@1 vkuUn gSA ;gk¡ Hkh ^bgk¡* ds }kjk os lqxzhoth
iz;qDr gq;sa gSaA pw¡fd xksLokehth dks jke lEeq[k ds ikl dc x;s bl ckr dh mRlqdrk cuk;s
djus okys Lo;a Jhguqekuth egkjkt gSa A muds j[kh xbZ gS A vuqekur% fot;kn'keh ds nwljs
fy;s ;gk¡ xq# vkSj xksfoUn okyk ekeyk cu fnu x;s gSaA
x;kA vr% ^bgk¡* ds }kjk mUgksaus Li"V lwfpr
;gk¡ jkedkt dks jkedktq dgk x;k gSA ^rsfg* in iz;qDr fd;k gSA D;ksafd jkedktq
fdlh O;fDr fo’ks”k ;k izlax esa fof’k”Vrk n’kkZus fclkj nsus okyk mUgsa vfiz; yx jgk gS A
;k mls lEeku iznku djus ds fy;s xksLokehth ^pkfjgq fcf/k rsfg dfg leq>kok& okYehfd
ml ‘kCn esa ^m* dh ek=k yxk nsrs gSaA tSlsfd jkek;.k esa] Jhguqekuth }kjk le>kus dk
jketh us y{e.k dks ^yfNeuq* dgk gS] vuqt izdj.k iwjs ,d lxZ esa of.kZr gS ¼ns[ksa fdf"dU/kk
dks lEeku fn;k gSA oLrqr% muds #nzkorkj dk.M lxZ 29½ A fdUrq ea=h gksus ds ukrs ogk¡
Lo:i dks tku dj] mUgsa ¼vius b"V f'ko dks½ mUgksaus ,slh dksbZ Hkh ckr ugha dgh tks fd jktk
lEeku nssus gsrq gh ^^yfNeuq gub fufe"k eg¡q dh xfjek ds fo#) gks] tSls fd vU; jkek;.kksa
rsrs**5@43@7 dgk gS blls lwfpr fd;k fd esa feyrk gS ^^vki d`r?u gS ckyh ds leku
^fufe”k egq¡* guus okys y{e.kth ds Lo:i esa dky ds xky esa pys tk;saxs ^û djksf"k d`r?u
egkdky ¼’kadjth½ gh gSaA ;gk¡ ^jke dktq* in LRoa gU;ls ckfyon~ nzqre~**A v-jk-4@4@48 ;k
rkRi;Z lc lq[knk;d HkfDr ls gSA jketh ckyh iq= vaxnth dks jkT; ns nsxsa]
fudV tkb pjufUg fl# ukokApkfjgq bR;kfnA
fcf/k rsfg dfg leq>kokAA ^pkfjgq fcf/k*&/;ku nsxas rks muds dgs okD;ksa esa
fudV ¼vUr%iqj esa½ tkdj iouiq= us vkidks ^n.M* vkSj ^Hksn* uhfr dk mYys[k gh
lqxhz o ds pj.kksa esa eLrd uok;k vkSj mls ugha feysxkA D;ksafd Lo;a Jhjketh us bUgsa
¼^rsfg* ,d opu½ lke] nke] /keZ vkSj fgr bu viuh uhfr esa izJ; ugha fn;k gSA vfirq jke
pkjksa izdkj ls le>k;kA jkT; esa rks bu nksuksa ^n.M* vkSj ^Hksn* dk
^fudV tkb pjufUg fl# ukok& Hkksxfoykl esa vfLrRo flQZ lk/kqvksa vkSj urZdksa ds chp esa gh
fnu jkr fyIr jgus ds dkj.k lqxhz oth us u jg x;k& ^^naM* tfrUg dj] ^Hksn* tg¡ urZd
dsoy jkedkt gh fclkj fn;k Fkk cfYd eaf=;ksa u`R; lekt A
ls jkT; dk gky tkuus ds fy;s os jkT;lHkk esa ^thrgq* eufg lqfuv vl jkepUnz
Hkh ugha i/kkjrs Fks& dsa jkt**AA7@22
^^fogjUregksjk=a d`rkFkZa foxrToje~A okD;fon~ guqekuth us viuh fuxw<+ ok.kh esa tks
efU="kq U;Lrdk;Za p ckrsa dgha gSa mls okYehfd ds bl ,d 'yksd ls
efU=.kkeuos{kde~**AAJhok-jk-4@29@5 le>k tk ldrk gS&
vr% guqekuth egkjkt dks vUr%iqj esa ^^fgra rF;a p iF;a p lke /kekZFkZ uhfrer~A
tkuk iM+kA pw¡fd okrkZyki ,dkUr esa djus ;ksX; iz.k; izhfr la;qDra fo'okl d`r
Fkk ftldk ladr s ^pkfjgq fcf/k* esa fd;k x;k fu'p;e~**AAok-jk-4@29@8
gSA vr% pj.kksa esa iz.kke djus ds cgkus os vFkkZr~ lqxhz oth ds ykHk dh] rF;&iF; ijd
lqxhz oth ds vR;Ur fudV x;s rkfd dksbZ nwljk ,oa lke /keZ o vFkkZfn uhfr ls la;qDr] 'kkL=ksa
mudh ckr u lqu ldsA ^pjufUg fl# ukok* ls Hkh lEer ckrksa dks izse vkSj fo'okl ls
iz.kke djus esa guqekuth dh gh cM+kbZ gSA ;ksa vksrizksr djds mUgsa n`<+ fu'p;h cukus ds fy;s
Hkh lqxhz oth lc izdkj ls iz.kE; gSaA lqukbZA ^pkfjgq fcf/k* esa izk;% /keZ] vFkZ] dke]
Jhguqekuth ea=h gSa rks lqxhz oth jktk gSaA eks{k vkrs gSaA vkSj pwwWafd ^^lxquksikld eks{k u
Jhguqekuth dfi gSa rks muds 'kCnksa esa gh ysgha] frUg dgq¡ jke Hkxfr fut nsgh** dgk x;k
lqxhz oth dfiifr gSa ^ûkFk lSy ij dfiifr gS vr% ;gkWa eks{k ds LFkku ij bls ^fgra* ;kus
jgbZ**A vkSj Jhlqxhz oth lw;Ziq= gSa rks mijksDr jke Hkxfr] eku ysosaA
Jhguqekuth lw;Z ds f'k"; gSa vr% xq# iq= Hkh okYehfd esa iwjs ,d lxZ esa dgh ckr
xq#rqY; oUnuh; gSaA fdUrq /;ku nsosa fd dks xksLokehth us ek= ,d vfrfjDr in ^dfg*
xksLokehth us Jhlqxhz oth ds fy;s ;gk¡ ,d opu yxkdj izdV fd;k gSA bl ^dfg* ds fcuk Hkh
^pkfjgq fcf/k rsfg---leq>kok* ls Hkko ¼vkSj i| l[kk gks tkus ds ckn mudh dìk ls iqu%
Hkh½ iwjk cSBrk gSA iz.kE; lqxhz oth ds fy;s Kkuksn; gks x;k Fkk& ^^mitk x;ku* cpu rc
^rsfg* ,dopu iz;qDr gqvk gS vkSj ^dfg* in cksyk] ukFk dìk eu Hk;m vyksyk**A
Hkh vksNk ¼dgs] dgsm½ gSA vr% xw<+kFkZ esa dqN okYehfdth us Hkh bUgsa lRoxq.k lEiUu ,oa ije
dBksj ckras Hkh dgh gaSA cqf)eku dgk gS&
lqfu lqxzho¡ ije Hk; ekuk A fc"k;¡ eksj ^^lqxzho% lRolEiUu'pdkj efreqÙkeke~A lafnns'kfr
gfj yhUgsm X;kuk AA efreku~**4@29@29 ljljh rkSj ij rks ;gh yxrk
Jhioulqr ds uhfr;qä opuksa dks gS fd lqxhz oth us fo"k;ksa dks nks"kh Bgjk;k gSA
lqudj lqxhz oth us ¼ân; esa½ vR;Ur Hk; ekukA fdUrq /;ku ls ns[ksxsa rks blesa izHkq ds izfr Hkh
mUgksaus Lohdkj fd;k fd fo"k;ksa us esjs Kku dks mykguk Nqik gqvk gSA
gj fy;kA ^^gfj yhUgsm X;kuk** dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gqvk gfj
^lqfu lqxhz o¡ ije Hk; ekuk& êkuk* in nsgyh us Kku ys fy;kA vkSj jketh ls tc lqxzhoth
nhid gS] Hk; rks ekuk gh] ;g Hkh ekuk fd dh izR;{k HksaV gqbZ gS rc mUgksaus izHkq dks Li"V
fo"k;ksa us esjs Kku dk vigj.k dj fy;kA mykguk gh fn;k gS ^ûkFk eksfg dNq ukfgu
^lqfu* ;kus pqipki lqu yhA v/;kRe jkek;.k [kksjhA vfrl; izcy nso ro ek;kA NwVb jke
esa bldk lekukFkhZ 'yksd gS& ^^guqe}pua djgq tkS nk;k**A oLrqr% ;gk¡ ^gfj* vkSj
JqqRok lqxzhoks Hk;fog~oy%A ^fyUgsm* ;g nksuksa gh in lk;kl /;kukd"kZ.k gsrq
izR;qokp guqeUra lR;eso j[ks x;s gSa vU;Fkk gfj ds LFkku ij ^gj* ;k
Ro;ksfnre~AA4@4@49 ^gjsm* ls dke py ldrk Fkk tSls ^^dky n.M
vFkkZr~ Jhguqeku dh ¼dBksj½ ckrsa lqudj xfg dkgq u ekjk] gjb /keZ cy cqf) fcpkjk
lqxhz oth Hk;foày gq;s vkSj Lohdkj fd;k fd tks 6@26@7 A bl v)kZyh dk lekukFkhZ 'yksd
dqN rqeus dgk og iw.kZ lR; gSA ;gk¡ ds îje* Jhxhrkth esa Hkh gS vkSj ogk¡ gfj ds LFkku ij
'kCn dks vfr ;k ijkdk"Bk ds vFkZ esa gh u ^gjfr* in gS&
ysosaA xksLokehth us bl ije dks dsoy ije ^^bfUnz;k.kka fg pjrka ;Ueuks·uq fo/kh;rsA
rÙo ls lEcfU/kr fo”k;ksa esa vfr n'kkZus ds fy;s rnL; ^gjfr* izKka
gh iz;qDr fd;k gS& ^^cSBs îje* izlUu ok;qukZofeokEHkfl**AA2@67A
dìkyk**A lqxhz oth us ;gk¡ tks ije Hk; ekuk gS vc ek#rlqr nwr lewgk A iBogq tg¡ rg¡
mlesa ¼ckyh ds leku o/k dk½ ;k Hksn ckuj twgk AA
¼jkT;lÙkk ls P;qr gks tkus dk½ dkj.k ugha gSA vc gs ek#fruUnu ! vkt gh
ekSr ls gh Hk; yxk gksrk rks tc ckyh dk otz tgk¡&tgk¡ okujksa ds leqnk; jgrs gSa ogk¡&ogk¡
leku ?kwalk iM+k Fkk] rc Hk;Hkhr gksuk pkfg;s vius gh leku iouxfr okys ijkØeh nwrksa ds
Fkk ^^rc lqxzho fcdy gksbZ Hkkxk] eqf"V izgkj lewgksa dks HkstksA twgk¾;wFk] lewgA
ctz le ykxk**A vkSj tc oLrqr% e`R;q Hk; ^vc ek#r lqr nwr lewgk& bl ^vc* in esa
mifLFkr gqvk] ân; us gh gkj eku yh ^^cgq lqxhz oth ds fu'p; dh >yd gS ^vc ykSa
Ny cy lqxzho dj fg;¡ gkjk Hk; ekfu** rc ulkuh vc u ulSgksa*A vc rd tks gqvk lks
Hkh os îje* Hk;Hkhr ugha gq;sA D;ksafd ogk¡ os gqvk] mu lcdk iVk{ksiA vc vkt gh nwrksa dks
izHkq ds lEeq[k Fks vkSj ;gk¡ jketh ls foeq[k gSa Hkstuk gSA
vr% d`r?urk tfur iki ds dkj.k îje Hk;* guqekuth vkSj lqxhz oth ds bl feyu
ekuk gSA izlax dks ;fn ^^lnxqj feysa tkfg ftfe lal;
^fo"k;¡ eksj gfj yhUgsm X;kuk& lw;Z iq= Hkze leqnkb**4@17 okys nksgs dh Vhdk ds
lqxhz oth igys Hkh Kku lEiUu Fks vkSj jke lUnHkZ esa voyksdu euu djsa rks ckr le> esa
vk tk;sxh fd ogk¡ lk{kkr~ gfj ds feyus êk#r lqr* ;gk¡ in esa Jhguqekuth ds
^^fprofga ftfe gfjtu gfj ikbZ**4@16@7 ds fy;s lEcks/ku Hkh gS vkSj muds uke o xq.kksa ds
okn Hkh Kku nkrk ln~xq# dk egRo D;ksa n'kkZ;k ^leku* ¼ije m|ksxh ,oa 'kh?kzxkeh½ okuj nwr
x;k gSA lqxhz oth us u dsoy Jhjke :ih gfj lewg dks Hkstus dk vkns'k HkhA tSlkfd okYehfd
ds n'kZu ik;sa gS cfYd mudk l[; Hkh ik;k gS] jkek;.k esa o.kZu gS&
os muds xys Hkh yxs gq;s gSa muls uìuhfr dh ^^;s RoUrikyk% Iyoxk% 'kh?kzxk O;olkf;u%A
f'k{kk Hkh xzg.k dh gSA rc Hkh os fo"k;kuqjDr leku;Urq rs 'kh?kza Rofjrk
gks x;sA gS u vk’p;Z dh ckr blhfy;s ln~x# q 'kklukUee**AAok-jk-4@29@31
dh vko’;drk dgh xbZA Jhguqekuth dks ge îBogq tg¡ rg¡ ckuj twgk& ^tg¡ rg¡* in
lqxhz oth dk xq# rks dnkfi ugha dg ldrsA ladrs d gSA bl jkekorkj ysus ds dkj.k izlaxksa
D;ksafd lqxhz oth o; vkSj inkfn ls cM+s gSa vkSj esa ¼lrhth] euq&'kr:ikth] izrkiHkkuq vkfn esa½
os bUgsa iq= ds leku gh ekurs gSaA blhfy;s fo'ks"kdj okuj vkSj fu'kkpjksa ds o.kZu ds bnZ
mUgksaus mUgsa lHkh txg ioulqr] ek#rlqr fxnZ ;g ^tg¡ rg¡* in vo'; fijks;k gqvk fey
guqear vkfn ,dopuksa ls gh lEcksf/kr fd;k gSA tk;sxkA ;gk¡ Hkh bl ^tg¡ rg¡* ds }kjk mu
ijUrq lqxhz oth dks izHkq ls feykus okys okuj vkSj Hkkyqx.kksa dh vksj ladr s fd;k x;k
Jhguqekuth gh gSa vkSj ;gk¡ mudk KkukU/kdkj gS] tks nsoksa ds gh va'k gSa vkSj jkedkt ds fy;s
nwj djus okys Hkh os gh gSsaA vr% nÙkk=s;th ds vorfjr gksdj] ou ioZrksa esa blh le; dh
vuqlkj budk egÙo xqq# ls de Hkh ugha vkadk izrh{kk dj jgs gSa ^^fxfj dkuu ^tg¡ rg¡* Hkfj
tk ldrkA iwjh] jgs fut fut vuhd #fp
êk#r lqr nwrk*& Jhjketh ds leku gh #jh**1@187@5A twgk¾twFkk] bl ^twFkk* in ds
Jhguqekuth ds Hkh izR;sd uke fo’ks”k dk viuk }kjk Hkh nsoksa dh vksj ladsr fd;k gS ^^lju
,d fof'k"V vFkZ gS A ftl ewy 'kCn ls mldh ldy lqj twFkk**1@185 Nan] D;ksafd nsork gh
O;qRifÙk gqbZ gS] ogh Hkko mlesa fufgr jgrk gSA okuj #i esa vorfjr gq, gSaA
tSls fd iou ikou drkZ gS] 'khry ean lqx/a k dggq ik[k egq¡ vko u tksbZ A eksjsa dj rk
okyk gS rks ,sls dk;Z n'kkZus ds fy;s îoulqr* dj c/k gksbZ AA
vkSj êk#r* in gh >a>kor] va/kM+ vka/kh dk gs ek#r lqr ! nwrksa ds }kjk okuj vkSj
|ksrd gS ^^gfj izsfjr rsfg volj pys ê#r* Hkkyqvksa ds ;wFkifr;ksa dks dgyk nks fd tks dksbZ
mupkl**A Rofjr xfr] tksf[ke Hkjs dk;ksZa ds ,d i[kokM+s vFkkZr~ iUnzg fnu esa gh ;gk¡ ugha
fy;s êk#r lqr* tSlsfd ^^rkfg ekfj êk#r vk tk;saxs mudk esjs gkFkksa o/k gksxkA ik[k¾i{k]
lqr* chjk] ckfjf/k ikj x;m efr /khjk**A i[kokM+kA
^guqeku* in cy] cqf)] lkeF;Z vkSj lw;Z dks ^dggq ik[k egq¡ vko u tksbZ & ;g ^dggq* in
fuxy tkus tSls vn~Hkqr d`R;ksa dk lwpd gSA fiNyh pkSikbZ ds vfUre in ^ckuj twgk* dks
îzHkatu lqr* vfrosx] m[kkM+ iNkM+ vkSj fouk'k dggq ds fy;s vk;k gSA ^ckuj twgk* okuj vkSj
vkfn dk izrhd gS tSls fd v'kksd okfVdk Hkkyq nksuksa gh vkrs gSaA ^dggq* ls Li"V gS fd
mtkM+us esa vk;k gS ^thfr u tkb izHkatu lqxhz oth us okujkfn dks lh/ks vkns’k u nsdj]
tk;k*A vkSj nzks.kfxfj ls lathouh cwVh ykus ds mUgsa guqekuth ds ek/;e ls fn;s gSaA okYehfd
le; dkyusfe dk lagkj vkSj nzqr xfr nksuksa gh ,oa v/;kRe bu nksuksa jkek;.kksa ds o.kZukuqlkj
vko';d Fks vr% ogk¡ Hkh ^^pyk îzHkatu lqr* Hkh lqxhz oth vko';d funsZ'k vkSj dBksj jktkKk
cyHkk"kh** 6@55@1 dgk x;kA blh izdkj ok;q ¼eksjsa djrk dj c/k gksb Z½ nsus ds ckn iqu%
lqr] vfuy lqr vkfn dks tkusaA vius egy esa pys x;s FksA lEHkor% os vius
deZB nwrksa ds le{k viuh Hkksx fyIlk esa gqbZ
bl ykijokgh dh otg ls vkuk ugha pkgrs gSa rc guqear cksyk, nwrkA lc dj dfj
;k nwljs 'kCnksa esa Lo;a dks ,slk dBksj vkns'k lueku cgwrkAA
lqukus dk vf/kdkjh ugha le>rs gSaA vr%
rc vFkkZr~ lqxhz oth ls jktkKk ikdj
vkns’k guqekuth ds }kjk dgyok;sA
uhfr fuiq.k vkSj osn osnkUr foK
oLrqr% Jhjketh us lhrkth dh [kkst
Jhguqearykyth us lq;ksX; nwrksa dks cqyok;k vkSj
gsrq dksbZ vof/k lqfuf'pr ugha dh FkhA blh ls
Lo;a ds gkFkksa mu lHkh dk nku&eku bR;kfn
lqxhz oth ls ek= ,d ;k nks fnu dk izekn gks }kjk cgqr lEeku fd;k A
x;k mldh {kfriwfrZ gsrq gh vc mUgksaus ,d ^rc guqear cksyk, nwrk& ;Fkk uke rFkk xq.k ds
i[kokM+s dh vYikof/k fuf'pr dh gSA /;ku jgs vuqlkj ^Jhguqeku* uke gh ^Kkfuukexzx.;e~*
fd ckyh ds izlax dks ysdj ;g ,d i[kokM+k
;k ^^fo|koku xquh vfr pkrqj] jkedkt dfjcs
^îfj[kslq eksfg ,d i[kokjk** 'kCn lHkh dks vkrqj** dk |ksrd gSA fdUrq ;gk¡ xksLokehth
fdf"dU/kkokfl;ksa] fo'ks"kdj vaxnth] lqxhz oth ds
us blls Hkh Åij ^guqear* fo'ks"k.k iz;qDr fd;k
fy;s rks vR;Ur =klnk;h jgk gSA blh ds ncko gSA ftldk rkRi;Z gS osn osnkUr foKA tgk¡ dgha
esa dk;Z Rofjr gks tk;s blh vk'kk ls ,d Hkh guqekuth us uhfr mins'k ds ea= Q¡wds gSa
i[kokM+s tSlh vYikof/k nh xbZA vU;Fkk ogk¡ buds fy;s ^guqear* in iz;qDr gqvk gS]
lIr}hiksa esa cls gq;s okujksa dks ykus ds fy;s lkFk gh mfpr le; dk |ksrd ;g ^rc* in
¼^^lIr }hi xrku~ lokZu~ okujkuku ;Urq rs**½ Hkh vf/kdka’k txg mlds lkFk yxk fey
;g vof/k vR;Yi gh dgh tk;sxh A tk;sxk&
êksjsa dj rk dj c/k gksbZ& okYehfd jkek;.k esa ^^rc* guqear dgh lc jke dFkk fut uke**5@6A
Hkh dgk x;k gS fd tks okuj iUnzg fnuksa ds ^^rc* guqear dgk lquq Hkzkrk] ns[kh pg¡m tkudh
ckn igq¡psxk mls izk.kkUr&n.M fn;k tk;sxk& ekrk**A ^^dg guqear foifr izHkq lksbZ] tc ^rc*
^^f=iapjk=knw/oZa;% izkIuq;kfng okuj%A
lqfeju Hktu u gksbZ**5@31@3 ^cksyk, nwrk*& lqxhz oth
rL; izk.kkfUrdks n.Mks uk= dk;kZfopkj.kk**AA us ek#rlqr ds leku nwrksa dks Hksstus dk vkns'k
ok-jk-4@29@32 fn;k FkkA vr% Jhguqekuth us bl nwrdk;Z gsrq
ijUrq oLrqr% ;g dksjh /kedh gh gSA D;ksafd ftu okujksa dks yxk;k os vxf.kr xq.k lEiUu
okYehfd esa o.kZu gS fd Hksts x;s okuj nwr gh vkSj ijkØe'kkyh gksus ds lkFk gh ok;q ds
iUnzg fnuksa esa ykSV dj ugha vk;sA vr% mUgsa leku osxoku~ ,oa ioZr ds leku fo'kkydk; Hkh
rqjUr ykus ds fy;s iqu% Js"B nwrksa dks Hkstk Fks&
x;k ^^Roj.kkFkZa rq Hkw;LRoa lEizs"k;
^^vxf.kr xq.k lRokUok;qosx izpkjku~A
gjhÜojku~**4@36@10 bUgsa nl fnu dh oupjx.k eq[;ku~ ioZrkdkj :iku~**AA
vfrfjDr vof/k nh xbZ] lkFk gh ekjus dh v-jk-4@4@54
/kedh bUgsa Hkh nh xbZ ^^gUrO;kLrs nqjkRekuks ^lc dj dfj lueku cgwrk& lqxhz oth us rks
jkt'kklunw"kdk%**ok-jk-4@36@12 fdUrq foyEc jktkKk cM+h dBksj ikfjr dh Fkh ^êksjs dj
ls vkus ij Hkh fdlh dks fdafpr~ ek= dh ltk
rkdj c/k gksbZ**A vkSj lsod /keZ ds ukrs
nh xbZ gks ,slk o.kZu dgha ugha feyrkA ;g Jhguqearth dks jktkKk Hkh ikyu djuh gS
Li"Vhdj.k blfy;s nsuk iM+k fd vkxs pydj
vFkkZr~ izk.kn.M okyh ckr Hkh nwrksa dks lqukuh gS
vfHkizk; gS fd vkxs py dj vaxnth us vkSj muls jke dkt Hkh ysuk gS] guqekuth ds
vk'kadk izdV dh gS fd lqxhz oth eq>s ekj nssx sa fy;s cM+h f}fo/kktud fLFkfr gSA ijUrq gekjs
^^mgk¡ x,¡ ekfjfg dfijkbZ**4@25@4] Li”V gS jketh ds ikl xq# of'k"Bth dk fn;k
fd mudh og vk’kadk fujk/kkj o diksy dfYir izek.k&i= gS ^ûhfr izhfr ijekjFk LokjFkq] dksm
gh gSA
u jke le tku tFkkjFkq**2@253@5 tc loZK
jketh us gh Jhguqekuth dks lHkh osnksa dk lartu bl pkSikbZ dk xw<+ HkkokFk ysrs
izdk.M fo}ku eku j[kk gS& gSaA muds vuqlkj fl)kpk;Z Jhguqekuth us
^ûku`XosnfouhrL; uk ;tqosZn /kkfj.k%A ;gk¡ rhu izdkj ds lk/kdksa dks rhu izdkj ls
uk lkeosn fonq"k% 'kD;esoa foHkkf"krqe~**AA lUekxZ ij yxk;k gSA ¼1½ reksx.q kh lk/kdksa dks
ok-jk-4@3@28 e`R;q ^Hk;* ds }kjk izsfjr fd;k] ¼2½ jtksx.q kh
rc Hkyk dgha deh jg ldrh gS\ vr% uhfrK lk/kdksa dks ûhfr* o ^lEeku* ds }kjk nsg /kjs
guqearykyth us dku rks jktkKk ds vuqlkj gh dj ;g Qy HkkbZ] Hkft, jke lc dke fcgkbZ
idM+k gS fdUrq fdafpr~ ?kqek dj vFkkZr~ igys rks vkSj ¼3½ lrksx.q kh lk/kdksa dks îzhfr* ds }kjk
bu nwrksa dks vius gh gkFkksa ls cgqr&cgqr ,d ckfu d#ukfu/kku dh] lks ^fiz;* tkds xfr
lEeku fd;k rc jktkKk lqukbZ& u vkudh**A3@9@8
Hk; v# izhfr uhfr ns[kjkbZ A pys ldy ,fg volj yfNeu iqj vk, A Øks/k nsf[k
pjufUg flj ukbZ AA tg¡ rg¡ dfi /kk, AA
mu nwrksa dks Hk; vFkkZr~ lqxhz oth dk ,sls gh volj ij y{e.kth
e`R;qn.M vkns'k vkSj izhfr ds lkFk le;kuqdy w fdf"dU/kkiqjh vk;sA mudk Øks/k ns[k dj
uhfr dk cks/k Hkh djk;kA lHkh okujnwr dfix.k tgk¡ rgk¡ ¼;Fkksfpr LFkkuksa ij½ nkSM+
guqekuth ds pj.kksa esa flj uokdj rqjUr py iM+sA
iM+sA ^,fg volj yfNeu iqj vk,& ;g pkSikbZ Lo
^Hk; v# izhfr uhfr ns[kjkbZ& uhfr esa lke] rqdkar ¼vk,&/kk,½ esa gSA vr% xw<+kFkZ j[krh
nke] n.M vkSj Hksn bu pkjksa dk mYys[k ,d gSA ^,fg volj* ls vfHkizk; ,sls ekgksy esa]
lkFk vkrk gS ^^lke nke v# naM fcHksnk] uì oLrqr% okuj nwrksa ds jokuk gksus ds yxHkx 15
mj clfga ukFk dg csnk**6@379A iwoksZDr fnu ckn ls gSA ;fn nwrksa ds jokuk gksus ds
v)kZyh ds ^lueku* in ds vUrxZr lke vkSj rRdky ckn dk o.kZu djuk gksrk rks ^rsfg
nke nksuksa vk x;sA vc ;gk¡ ^Hk; v# izhfr* volj* in dk iz;ksx gksrk] tSlsfd ^^rsfg
in esa guqekuth us mu okuj twgksa ds le{k volj jkou rg¡ vkok**] ^^gfj izsfjr ^rsfg
n.M vkSj Hksn uhfr dk ,slk lkaxksikax o.kZu volj* pys e#r mupkl**] ^^rsfg volj*
fd;k fd ekuks muds lEeq[k e`R;qn.M gh lhrk rg¡ vkbZ**A ekul esa ^rsfg volj* ds
mifLFkr gks x;k gksA blhfy;s ;gk¡ ^ns[kjkbZ* in vusdkusd mnkgj.k gSaA ^,fg volj* ukjnth
yxk gSA lqxhz oth ds n.MkRed vkns'k ^êksjsa dj ds izlax esa iz;qDr gqvk gS ^êksjs fgr gfj le
rk dj c/k gksbZ** dks lqu Hk; mitk ;g n.M ugha dksÅ] ,fg volj lgk; lksb
uhfr gS vkSj blds foijhr vFkkZr~ tks le;kof/k gksÅ**A1@131@2 ftldk Li"V vfHkizk; gS
esa gh ykSV vk;sxk og dfijkt lqxhz oth dk bl dk;Z esa] bl le; esa ;fn ^^,fg volj**
dìk Hkktu gksxk ;g îzhfr* ;k ^Hksn* esa dk vFkZ djsaxs fd ftl fnu nwr jokuk gq;s mlh
le>k;k x;kA le; y{e.kth ogk¡ igq¡p x;s rks ,slk djuk
^pys ldy pjufUg flj ukbZ& ^ns[kjkbZ* in dk lanHkZ fo#) Hkh gks tk;sxk vkSj ^îk[k egq¡
,slk vlj iM+k fd lHkh rqjUr py iM+s blfy;s vko u tksbZ] eksjs dj rkdj c/k gksbZ** dh
;gk¡ ^pys* in izFke fn;k gS A ijUrq ,slk ugha /kedh Hkh O;FkZ gks tk;sxhA D;ksafd tks
gS fd ;s yksx e`R;q Hk; ds dkj.k rqjUr py miyC/k o.kZu gS mlds vuqlkj y{e.kth ftl
iM+s gksa\ oLrqr% e`R;q Hk; ls vf/kd mUgsa viuk fnu fdf"dU/kkiqjh igq¡ps gSa mlh fnu os lqxhz okfn
drZO; cks/k gqvkA blhfy;s pyrs le; Hkh ;s dks lax ysdj izHkq ds ikl ykSV Hkh vk;s gSaA
guqekuth ds pj.kksa esa flj uokuk ugha HkwysA vkSj tc mudh vkil esa ckrphr gks jgh Fkh
rHkh okujksa ds lewg ogk¡ igq¡pus yx x;s Fks&
^^,fg fcf/k gksr crdgh vk, ckuj twFk** Åij v/;kRe jkek;.k ds lUnHkZ ls tks okujksa
4@21A dks Hk;Hkhr djus ds fy;s /kuq"k izR;apk }kjk
^Øks/k nsf[k tg¡ rg¡ dfi /kk,& lqxhz oth ds fy;s ?kksj Vadkj djus dk o.kZu gS laHkor% mlh dks
izHkq us ^Hk; ns[kkbZ yS vkogq* dh vkKk rks ^/kuq"k p<+kb* dgk x;k gSA
y{e.kth dks iznku dj gh nh FkhA vr% ^rc* dk ;gk¡ vfHkizk; gS okujksa ds
Jhy{e.kth ekxZ Hkj esa vius Øks/k dk izn'kZu yM+us ds fy;s m|r ns[k dj ^^rku~ x`ghr
djrs gq;s ekuks o`{kksa dks cyiwoZd fxjkrs gq;s izgj.kku~ lokZu~ n`"V~ok rq y{e.k%**A ok-jk-
f'kyk ik"kk.kksa dks iSjksa dh Bksdjksa ls pwj&pwj 4@31@19
djrs gq;s fdf”dU/kk uxjh igq¡ps Fks f'kyk'p ^vk;m ckfydqekj& vaxnth ij ^^vkRek oS
'kdyh dqoZu~ in~H;ka xt bok'kqx%4@31@15ok- tk;rs iq=%** dh mfDr lVhd mrjrh gSA
jk-A v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Li”V gS fd y{e.kth xksLokehth us Hkh ek= vk/ks nksgs vkSj ^ckfy
us Mjkus ds fy;s uxj ds dksV}kj ij igq¡p dj dqekj* in ds }kjk gh Jhvaxnth esa ckyh dh
/kuq"k dh ?kksj Vadkj izkjEHk dj nh lkjh [kwfc;ksa dks thoar dj fn;k gSA ckyh ds
^^T;k?kks"kedjksRrhoza Hkh"k;u~ leku gh vaxnth /khj&ohj vkSj fuMj gSa vkSj
loZokujku~**4@5@25 v-jkA tks Hkh gks] firk ds leku buesa Hkh yydkj lgus dh
Jhy{e.kth ds dqz) Lo:i dks ns[k dj dqN ^^ckyh fjiqcy lgs u ikjk**] vknr ugha gSA
ohj okuj x.k rks o`{k vkSj ik"kk.k ysdj ;q) vr% /kuq"kVadkj dks lqurs gh vkSj vkir&dky
ds fy;s rRij gks x;s] vkSj dqN lqxhz oth dks esa uxjokfl;ksa dks O;kdqy ns[kdj rqjUr ¼nsf[k½
lwpuk nsus pys x;s] vkSj dqN Mj ds ekjs pkjksa pys vk;sA vaxnth tSlksa ds fy;s gh dgk gS
fn'kk esa Hkkx [kM+s gq;sA bUgha lc voLFkkvksa dk ^^/khjt /keZ fe= v# ukjh] vkin dky ifjf[kvfga pkjh** 3@4@7A
fp=.k ^tg¡ rg¡ dfi /kk,* esa gqvk gSA ^nsf[k rc* ls Hkh Li"V gS fd bUgsa dksbZ
nksgk&/kuq"k p<+kb dgk rc tkfj djm¡ iqj cqykus ds fy;s ugha x;kA tc vius ls cM+ksa dks
Nkj AAA19AA vkrs ugha ns[kk rc os Lo;a pys vk;sA blls
vaxnth dk d#.k LoHkko o 'khyo`fÙk dk irk
C;kdqy uxj nsf[k rc vk;m
pyrk gSA blesa budh cqf)eÙkk Hkh Nqih gS
ckfydqekj AA19AA mUgksaus nwj ls gh ns[k fy;k ¼^nsf[k rc*½ fd
uxj ijdksVs ij p<sa okujksa dks yM+us y{e.kth dsoy /kuq"k Vadkj dj jgs gSaA ;fn
ds fy;s m|r ns[kdj rc Jhy{e.kth us /kuq"k bUgsa uxj gh tykuk gksrk rks] os bl izdkj
p<+kdj Vadkj djrs gq;s dgk fd eSa vHkh bl ^tkfj djm¡ iqj Nkj* dh ?kks"k.kk u djds] mls
uxj dks HkLehHkwr fd;s nsrk gWwaA /kuq"k dh Vadkj ck.k ds iz;ksx ls tyk ldrs FksA blfy;s os
vkSj y{e.kth dh dBksj ok.kh ls tc lkjs fuHkZ; gksdj y{e.kth ds ikl pys vk;s A
uxjokfl;ksa dks O;kdqy ns[kk rc ckyh lqr pju ukb fl# fcurh dhUgh A yfNeu
vaxnth Jhy{e.kth ds lehi vk;sA
Nkj¾{kkj] HkLe A
vHk; ckg¡ rsfg nhUgh AA
Jhvaxnth us y{e.kth ds pj.kksa esa
^/kuq"k p<+kb dgk rc& blds iwoZ Hkh dgk x;k
HkyhHkk¡fr eLrd yxkdj iz.kke fd;k vkSj
Fkk fd Jhy{e.kth dk /kuq"k p<+k gqvk gS
fouez ok.kh ls fourh dh] uxj esa i/kkjus dh
^^/kuq"k p<+kb xgs dj ckuk** ;gka iqu% ^/kuq"k
izkFkZuk dhA Jhy{e.kth us ¼eq¡g ls izR;qÙkj u
p<+kb* dgus ds nks rkRi;Z gSa ,d rks ;g eku
nsdj½ vHk; dh eqnzk esa mUgsa ckWag ds lehi ys
ldrs gS fd jketh ds le>kus ij ¼rc
fy;kA
vuqtfg leq>kok j?kqifr d#uk lhao ½ y{e.kth
^pju ukb fl# fcurh dhUgh& ;gk¡ ^pju* in
us p<+k gqvk /kuq"k mrkj fy;k gksxk] vr% mls
dks izkFkfedrk nh gS vU;Fkk lqxhz oth ds izlax
;gk¡ iqu% p<+k;k gSA nwts]
esa ^^lknj feysm ukb in ekFkk** ;k ^ûkb pju ts cksys Mxexkfu efg fnXxt Mksys**A1@253]
fl# dg dj tksjh** vkfn esa ^pju* 'kCn ckn ^^txq Hk; exu xxu Hkb ckuh] y[ku ckgqcy
esa iz;qDr gqvk gSA bl fof'k"Vrk }kjk bafxr fciqy c[kkuh**A2@230@1½ Hkh Nqik ugha FkkA
fd;k fd vaxnth us mUgsa lk"Vkax n.Mor~ iz.kke vr% tc mUgsa vUr%iqj esa lquk;k x;k fd
fd;k gS tSls fd v/;kRe jkek;.k esa o.kZu gS 'ks"kkorkj y{e.kth gh Øks/kkorkj cus iqj }kj
^^xRok y{e.k lkehI;a iz.kuke l ij [kM+s gSa rks vR;Ur Hk; ls vdqyk dj cksy
n.Mor~**4@5@29v-jk-A Jhvaxnth dh iM+sA
fou;'khyrk dks ns[kdj ckyh ds dgs bu opuksa ^lqfu dkuk*& in ls Li"V gS fd ;s vaxnth ds
dk Lej.k gks vkuk LokHkkfod gh gS& leku egy ls ckgj ugha vk;sA vfirq vUr%iqj
^^;g ru; ee le] fcu; cy dY;kuizn esa gh bUgsa txkdj y{e.kth ds vkxeu dk
izHkq yhft,sA lekpkj lquk;k gSA lkFk gh mUgsa muds vUr%iqj
xfg ck¡g lqj uj ukg vkiu nkl vaxn esa gh fn'kkvksa dks xqatk;eku djus okyk /kuq"k
dhft,s**A
Vadkj Hkh lqukbZ iM+us yxk Fkk ^^rsu pki
tc ckfyuUnu dh Jhjketh us ck¡g igys ls gh
LousukFk lqxzho% Iyoxkf/ki%**Aok0jk04@33@28
Fkke j[kh gS rc j?kqoa'kh Jhy{e.kth Hkyk mls
vr% ^lqfu dkuk* esa nksuksa ckrsa vk xbZaA
dSls foLe`r dj ldrs gSa \ blhfy;s ;gk¡ dgk&
^dg dihl vfr Hk;¡ vdqykuk& dkuksa ls
^yfNeu vHk; ckg¡ rsfg nhUgha& bl ^vHk;
lqudj gh ^vfr Hk;* ls O;kdqy gks tkuk
ck¡g* dk rkRdkfyd vFkZ dqN nwljk gh gSA pw¡fd
y{e.kth fudys rks Fks fudys rks Fks lqxhz oth jktksfpr dk;Z ugha dgk tk ldrkA vr% dVk{k
dks Hk;krqj djus ds fy;s vkSj muds lkeus iM+ esa bUgsa ^dihl* dgk gSA ;gk¡ vfr O;kdqy u
x;s JhckfyuUnuA mudk Øks/k&ukVd vHkh iwjk dg dj ^vfr Hk;¡* dgk gS] blls Hkh tuk;k
ugha gqvk gSA ;fn eq¡g ls dqN cksyrs gSa ;k fd lqxhz oth bl le; gks'k esa u gksdj eneÙk
ladr s djrs gSa rks ij Øks/k dh iksy [kqyus dk ,oa dke ls eksfgr gq;s iM+s gSa ^^cHkwo
Hk; gSA fQj buds nksuksa gkFk Hkh my>s gq;s gSa] eneÙk'penusu p eksfgr%** ok-jk-4@31@18A
,d gkFk /kuq"k Fkkes gq;s gSa rks nwljk gkFk] lquq guqear lax yS rkjk A dfj fcurh
yxkrkj izR;¡pk dh Mksjh [khapus esa yxk gqvk leq>km dqekjk AA
gSA vr% /kuq"k okys gkFk ls gh vaxnth dks lquks guqear ! rqe rkjk dks lkFk ysdj
xycgh esa [khapdj viuRo trk;k vFkkZr~ vHk; tkvks vkSj fourh iwoZd jktdqekjksa dks le>kvksa
dk ladr s dj fn;kA vFkkZr~ fe= /keZ dh xfjek ;kn fnykvksa
Øks/koar yfNeu lqfu dkukA dg dihl vkSj@;k nwr Hkst fn;s x;s gSa] ;g crkvksA
vfr Hk;¡ vdqykukAA ^lquq guqear lax yS rkjk& lqxhz oth ije prqj
Jhy{e.kth vR;Ur Øks/kkoLFkk esa ,oa O;fDrxr xq.kksa ds ije ikj[kh Hkh gSaA os
¼i/kkjs½ gSa ;g dku ls lqurs gh dfijkt tkurs gSa fd fdl le; fdl O;fDr ls D;k
lqxhz oth vR;Ur Hk; ds dkj.k vdqyk dj dg dk;Z ysuk mi;qDr gksxkA bl pquko esa mUgksaus
iM+s& dHkh dksbZ =qfV dh gks ,slk dksbZ mnkgj.k u rks
^Øks/koar yfNeu lqfu dkuk& lqxhz oth dks irk ekul esa gS vkSj u gh vU; fdUgha jkek;.kksa esa
gS fd Jhjketh vR;Ur dìkyq vkSj vfrdksey gh feysxkA
LoHkko ds gSa ^^lksb lqxhz o dhUg dfijkÅ] vfr ;gk¡ Hkh uhfr fuiq.k lqxhz oth us rkjk
dìky j?kqchj lqHkkÅ**A vr% vc rd os dks blfy;s Hkstk fd mlds ifr dk o/k izHkq ds
fu%'kad engks'kh esa iM+s FksA [kxksy‘kkL=h lqxhz oth gkFkksa gqvk gSA blfy;s bls ns[krs gh y{e.kth
ls y{e.kth dk fdUrq =SykssD; dks dEik;eku 'kkar gks tk;saxAs ;kas Hkh rkjk L=h gS blfy;s
djus okyk] Øks/kh LoHkko ¼^^y[ku ldksi cpu y{e.kth ml ij Øks/k dnkfi ugha dj ik;saxAs
vkSj guqekuth gh Jhjke&lqxhz oth dh fe=rk esa ^rkjk lfgr tkb guqekuk& rkjkth vU; fL=;ksa
e/;LFk Fks] vr% fe= xfjek dk Lej.k djkus ds lfgr py dj M;ks<h+ ij gh #d xbZ Fkh
ds fy;s mUgsa rkjk ds lax HkstkA ;ksa Hkh] izHkq ds ^ê/;d{ks xrk r= rkjk rkjkf/kikuuk**A v-jk-
opukuqlkj Jhguqekuth dh ok.kh esa ,slh 4@5@41A vkSj vkxs y{e.kth ds lehi rd
vn~Hkqr 'kfDr gS fd og o/k djus ds fy;s guqekuth gh x;s Fks vr% ^tkb guqekuk* dgk
ryokj mBk;s gq, 'k=q dk ân; Hkh ifjorZu gSA
dj ldrh gS ^^dL; ukjk/;rs ^pju cafn izHkq lqtl c[kkuk& /;ku nsusa ij
fpÙkeq|rklsjjsjfi**4@3@33 ok-jk-A vkSj Li"V irk py tk;sxk fd ^guqekuk* in ds lax
lqxhz oth dks vius Js"B lfpo dh bl {kerk gh lk;kl nsgjh ij ^pju cafn* j[kk x;k gSA
ij n`<+ fo'okl gSs vr,o guqekuth dks lax pw¡fd 'kkL=ksa esa dqyhu fL=;ksa ds fy;s ij&iq#"k
Hkstk A dk pj.k Li'kZ oftZr fd;k x;k gSA vr%
^dfj fcurh leq>km dqekjk& ^dqekjk* in esa rkjkth ls y{e.kth dh vH;FkZuk ek= djkbZ
cgqopu dh izrhfr gksrh gSA tSls& ^êqfu e[k xbZ gSA ;ksa HkkHkh Hkh ekrk rqY; ekuh xbZ gSaA
jk[ku x;Å dqekjk**A3@24@5 ;k ^ûkFk y{e.kth ls Lo;a lqfe=k vEck us lhrkth dks
dkslyk/khl dqekjk] vk, feyu txr gh ekrk ekuus dk mins'k fd;k gS ^^rkr
v/kkjk**A3@11@6 nksuksa gh mnkgj.kksa esa Jhjke rqEgkfj êkrq cSnsgh*] firk jkeq lc Hkk¡fr
,oa y{e.kth ds fy;s ^dqekjk* in iz;qDr gqvk lusgh**2@63@2A vkSj rkjkth us Hkh y{e.kth
gSA ,d opu ds fy;s ^dqekj* in gh iz;qDr dks viuk lk/kq LoHkko okyk HkDroRly nsoj
fd;k gS tSsls& ^^NksV dqekj ¼y{e.kth½ [kksV dgk gS ^^,fg nsoj Hknza rs lk/kqLRoa
cM+Hkkjh**1@277@5 ;k ^^vgb dqvkj eksj y?kq HkDroRly%**4@5@42v-jk-A vr% ek¡ rqY;
Hkzkrk**3@16@11A ^dqekjk* dgus dk vfHkizk; HkkHkh dnkfi pj.k oaanuk ugha dj ldrhA vkSj
gS fd nksuksa dqekjksa dks vFkkZr~ Jhy{e.kth ,oa rkjkth }kjk pj.k oanuk djus dk mYys[k vU;
vaxnth dks fourh iwoZd ¼uezrk ls½ le>kvksA jkek;.kksa esa Hkh ugha feyrk gSA y{e.kth Hkh
lEHkor% bl ^dqekjk* in ds }kjk xksLokehth guqekuth ds leku ^îzHkq pfj= lqfucs dks
fnXn'kZu djkuk pkgrs gSa fd vaxnth ds pkpk jfl;k** ekus x;s gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy;s] tc
fojks/kh fopkjksa ¼^^firk c/ks ij ekjr eksgh] jko.k ds nwrksa us dsoy izHkq ds uke dh 'kiFk
jk[kk jke fugksj u vksgh**½ ls lqxhz oth Hkh Hkj nh ^^rsfg dkslyk/khl dS vkuk** rks mls
ifjfpr gSa vkSj ^^yfNeu vHk; ck¡g rsfg lqudj gh y{e.kth us mUgsa izk .knku ns fn;k
nhUgh** bl lekpkj dks lqu dj lqxhz oth dk ^^lqfu* yfNeu lc fudV cksyk,] n;k ykfx
eu Hkh l’kafdr gks x;k gks rks dksbZ vpEHks dh g¡fl rqjr NksM+k,**5@51@7A fcnq"kh rkjk
ckr ugha gSA vr% ekrk&iq= ds ukrs rkjkth tkurh gS fd y{e.kth dks Lo;a ds ;'k dh
vaxnth dks le>kus Hksth x;h gksa] ,slk Hkh eku dkeuk fdafpr ek= Hkh ugha gSA mUgksaus rks izHkq
ldrs gSa A ds lq;'k ds fy;s Lo;a dks MaMs ds leku futhZo
rkjk lfgr tkb guqekukA pju cafn izHkq cuk j[kk gS ^^n.M leku Hk;m tl
lqtl c[kkukAA tkdk**1@16@6A vr% îzHkq lqtl c[kkuk* ls
rkjk o vU;tuksa ds lfgr Jhguqekuth rkRi;Z gS fd rkjkth us izHkq ds¾jketh ds lq;'k
Jhy{e.kth ds fudV x;s vkSj mUgksaus dk gh c[kku fd;k gSA
¼guqekuth us½ Jhy{e.kth ds pj.kksa dh canuk dfj fcurh eafnj yS vk,A pju i[kkfj
dhA rkjkth us Jhjke izHkq ds lq;'k dk lqUnj iyx¡ cSBk,AA
o.kZu fd;k A fouez izkFkZuk djds ¼Øks/k :ih ukVd
'kkUr djkds½ y{e.kth dks vUr%iqj esa ys vk;sA
rnUrj muds Jhpj.kksa dk iz{kkyu djds mUgsa dkj.k jketh dk eu eqfnr ugha gSA vkSj
iyax ij cSBk;kA lhrkth Hkh lax esa ugha gaS] os viuh vU;
^dfj fcurh eafnj yS vk,& bl pkSikbZ ds lklqvksa ls HksaV dj jgh gSaA blls Li"V gS fd
rqdkar Lo esa ¼y?kqek=k esa ^vk,&cSBk,*½ gSA êafnj* fy[ks tkus ds fy;s eu dk eqfnr
vr% blls ladr s gS fd blesa xw<+ Hkko Hkjs gSa ¼vdyqf"kr½ gksuk tSlkfd lhrkth ds izlax esa
lkFk gh pkSadkus tSlh fLFkfr Hkh fuekZ.k dh gSA Li”V êqfnr eu eafnj pyha* dgk x;k gS vkSj
loZizFke rks fo"k;klDr] lqxhz oth ds vUr%iqj ml Hkou esa fL=;ksa dk gksuk Hkh vko';d gSA
dks êafnj* in fn;k gS ,oa blls Hkh vf/kd foHkh”k.kth vdsys gSa mudh iRuh ljek lhrkth
mls fojks/kkHkk"kh cuk;k gS] ogk¡ u lksus dk ozr dh lsok esa jgrh gSa bls lwfpr djus ds fy;s
fy;s gq;s oSjkX;oku Jhy{e.kth dks îayx* ij ogk¡ /;kukd”kZ.k ds fy;s ^Hkou* vkSj ^x`g* nksuksa
cSBkdjA tcfd xksLokehth ;gk¡ ljyrk ls in iz;qä fd;s gSa ^^Hkou* ,d iqfu nh[k
vklu ¼pju i[kkfj vklu cSBk,½ 'kCn iz;qDr lqgkok] gfj eafnj rg¡ fHkUu cukok**A ^^jkek;q/k
dj ldrs FksA D;ksa dk tokc tkuus ds fy;s] vafdr x`g lksHkk] cjfu u tkb**A 5@5 ljek
igys êafnj* in dks le> ysaA dh lsok dk foLrkj ls o.kZu ok-jk- ;q)dk.M
êafnj* ds fo"k; esa Vhdkdkjksa dh /kkj.kk ds lxZ 33 o 34 esa gSA
gS fd ftl Hkou esa Hkh Jhjketh] lhrkth] bls vkSj vf/kd Li"V le>us ds fy;s
y{e.kth] vkSj guqekuth ;k bu pkjksa esa ls gesa bldk lVhd mnkgj.k] yadkiqjh esa
fdlh ,d dh Hkh mifLFkfr gks rks mls guqekuth ds fd;s gq;s O;ogkj dks ns[kuk gksxkA
xksLokehth us eafnj eku dj o.kZu fd;k gSA Jhlhrkth dh [kkst djrs le; fy[kk feysxk
fdUrq ;g /kkj.kk [kjh ugha gSA D;ksafd mUgksaus ^êafnj eafnj izfr dj lks/kk] ns[ksa tg¡ rg¡
Jhlhrkth ds fuokl dks ^fuokl* o ^lnu* gh vxfur tks/kk**A5@4@5 A ;kn djsa jko.k ds
fy[kk gS ^^fl; ^fuokl* lqUnj ^lnu* lksHkk jfuokl esa rks fo'o izfl) lqUnfj;ksa dk te?kV
fdfe dfg tkfr**A1@213 vkSj Jhjketh ls dgk x;k gS ^ûj ukx lqj xa/kcZ dU;k :i
HksaV gksus ds ckn tc os eqfnr eu ls ogk¡ eqfu eu eksggh**A 5@3Nan 2 fdUrq vdyqf"kr
igq¡ph gS rks mlh fuokl ds fy;s êafnj* in eu ds dkj.k guqekuth dks flQZ ;ks)k gh
fn;k gS& fn[kkbZ fn;s] tke ihdj vLr O;Lr n'kk esa iM+h
^^rqylh Hkokfufg iwft iqfu iqfu eqfnr eu gqbZ fo'o lqanfj;k¡ mUgsa ugha fn[kkbZ nha vFkkZr~
êafnj* pyh**1@236A blh izdkj Jhjketh o eu esa fodkj ugha vk;k&^^dkea n`”Vk e;k lokZ
rhuksa ewfrZ vHkh yadk ls v;ks/;kiqjh igq¡ps gh fo’oLrk jko.k fL=;%A
ugha gaSA pw¡fd Hkjrth dks guqekuth ds ek/;e u rs es eurk fdafpn
ls Jhjketh ds i/kkjus dk lekpkj fey pqdk oSd`R;eqii|rs**5@11@41 ok-jk-
gSA vr% mudk eu izlUu gS vkSj jktegy esa vkxs Hkh tc os tyrh gqbZ iw¡N ysdj mu
ekrkvksa ds lax vusd fL=;k¡ Hkh fcjkteku gSaA vVkfj;ksa ij dwns gSa ftuesa fL=;k¡ Hkh Fkha
vr% ogk¡ fy[kk feysxk ^îqfu êafnj* e¡g ckr ^^fucqfd p<+sm dfi dud vVkjh] HkbZ lHkhr
tukbZ] vkor uxj dqly j?kqjkbZ**A7@2@2 fulkpj ukjh**A rc ogk¡ Hkh ^êafnj** gh fy[kk
blds foijhr izHkq dSdbZth ls HksaV djus ds ckn feysxk ^^nsg fclky ije g#vkbZ] eafnj rs
tc vius Hkou esa izos'k dj jgs gSa rc ogk¡ eafnj p<+ /kkbZ**A5@25@1 A lkFk gh ogk¡
êafnj* ugha fy[kk x;k cfYd mls Hkou gh dgk guqekuth dh eu%fLFkfr ds fy;s dg fn;k x;k
gS ^^rsfg izcksf/k cgqr lq[k nhUgk iqfu ^fut fd ^^vêgkl dfj xtkZ dfi cf< ykx
Hkou* xou gfj dhUgk**A7@9@2 ;gk¡ dkj.k vdkl**A
Li"V gS] dSd; s hth dks le>kus ¼izcksf/k½ ds
Bhd ,slh gh fLFkfr ;gk¡ Jhy{e.kth dh vaxnth Hkys gh mUgsa ^^firk c/ks ij ekjr
Hkh gSA mUgsa fo"k;klDr lqxhz oth ds vUr%iqj esa eksgh** dk mykguk nsrs jgs gksa] ijUrq esjh ek¡
izos'k ysuk gSA tgk¡ ij :i vkSj ;kSou ds xoZ dks Hkh gfFk;k fy;k gS ,slk mUgksaus dgha ugha
ls xfoZrk fL=;ksa dh Hkjekj gS& dgk A ikBd Lo;a gh lkspsa fd ftl L=h us
^^cg~oh'p fofo/kkdkjk :i ;kSou xfoZrk%A ifr ds o/k ds rRdky ckn gh izHkq ls ;kpuk
fL=;% lqxzho Hkous nn'kZ l djds ^îje HkfDr** dk oj ekax fy;k Fkk
egkcy%**AA4@33@22ok-jk-A ^^mitk X;ku pju rc ykxh] yhUgsfl îje
jgh buds eu dh fLFkfr rks ,d fVIi.kh vHkh Hkxfr* cj ekxh** 4@10@6A og Hkyk bl
rkjkth us gh dh gS izdkj ds rqPN lkalkfjd Hkksxksa esa Q¡lsxh \
¼lk/kqLRoa HkDroRly%½ lhrk eS¸;k Hkh vius oLrqr% ^^vjFkq vfer vfr vk[kj Fkksjs** esa
nsojth dks lk/kq LoHkko dk gh ekurh gSa ^^lgt fl)Lr xksLokehth us bl ^^pju i[kkfj iy¡x
lqHkk; lqHkx ru xksjs] uke y[kuq y?kq nsoj cSBk,** ds }kjk rifLouh dk thou thusa okyh
eksjs**A vkSj jks"kkorkj ij'kqjketh Hkh bUgsa lk/kq rkjkth ds d{k vkSj ikou iy¡x dh vksj /;ku
¼{kek lk/kqvksa dk Hkw"k.k gS½ gh ekuk gS ^^Negq vkdf"kZr fd;k gSA ;g Vhdkdkj dh diksy
Nek eafnj nksm Hkzkrk**A1@284@6 vr,o ;gk¡ dYiuk ugha gS] rfey Hkk"kk ds ^dEc jkek;.k*
êafnj* dgk x;kA esa rkjkth dk pfj=&fp=.k mRd`”V ukjh dk
^pju i[kkfj iyx¡ cSBk,& ^^pju i[kkfj** dk fd;k gS( ;kus mUgksaus oS/kO; ozr ikyu djrs gq;s
rkRi;Z gS iz{kkyu fd;s gq;s ty ls Hkou dks jktekrk ds leku thou ft;k gSA ogk¡ ,d
'kq) djuk A tSlk fd ukjnth ds i/kkjus ij i| esa o.kZu gS fd ^^lqxzho us rkjk dks ueLdkj
fgeokuth us fd;k ^în i[kkfj cj vkluq fd;k] mUgsa ¼rkjk dks½ ekrk dk lEeku nsrs gq;s
nhUgk** vkSj ml ty ls ^^pju lfyy lcq vkSj muds mRre mins'kksa dks xkSjo iznku djrs
Hkouq flapkok**A1@65@7 A ;gk¡ Hkh gq;s jkT; dk lapkyu djrk jgk**d- jk-
Jhy{ke.kth ds in iz{kkfyr ty ls Hkou ifo= fdf"dU/kk i| 430A ge Hkh mUgsa iap dU;kvksa
fd;k x;k A esa ekurs gSa] bldh ppkZ igys dh gSA izdk.M
^îyx¡ cSBk,**&tSlk fd igys dgk x;k Fkk fd fo}ku vkSj ;'kLoh pØorhZ jktxksikykpkjhth
ije oSjkX;oku ,oa u lksus dk ozr fy;s gq;s dh Hkh rkjk ds fo"k; esa ;gh lEefr gSA vkSj
y{e.kth dks iyx¡ ij cSBkus dk dk;Z vius mudh lEefr dk vk/kkj okYehfd jkek;.k dk
vkiesa ,d vk'p;Z gSA vU;Fkk ¼okYehfd ;k gh 'yksd gSA ogk¡ lhrkth ds u feyus ij
v/;kRe½ jkek;.kksa ds bl izlax esa vklu] guqekuth us foyki djrs gq;s dgk gS fd vc
flagklu] iyax ;k eap ij cSBkus tSlh dksbZ jkuh rkjkth Hkh thfor ugha jgsaxh tksfd igys
ppkZ gh ugha gS A rc ;gk¡ y{e.kth dks rkjkth ls gh ckyh ds fcjg esa ihfM+r ,oa 'kksd esa
ds iyax ij ¼o.kZu ds vuqlkj ;gh vFkZ {kh.kdk; gks pqdh gSa&
fudyrk gS½ D;ksa cSBk;k x;k \ ^^ckfytsu rq nq%[ksu ihfM+rk 'kksddf'kZrkA
oLrqr% tulkekU; dh /kkj.kk ;gh cuh iapRoekxrk jkfK rkjk vfi u Hkfo";fr**A
gqbZ gS fd ckyh ds ejus ds ckn fonq”kh rkjk ok-jk-5@13@30
lqxhz oth ds vUr%iqj dh iV~Vefg"kh cu xbZ Fkh rc dihl pjufUg fl# ukok A xfg Hkqt
A bl /kkj.kk dk eq[; dkj.k Hkh okYehfd yfNeu daB yxkok AA
jkek;.k vkSj mlls izsfjr vU; jke&xkFkkvksa esa rc] vFkkZr~ v/;Z] ik| vkfn ls
miyC/k o.kZu gh gSA fdUrq jkepfjr ekul esa y{e.kth dh iwtk&vpZuk djus ds ckn T;ksagh
bl izdkj dk rfud lk Hkh vkHkkl dgha ugha dfijkt lqxhz oth us muds Jhpj.kksa esa eLrd
feysxkA vkSj rks vkSj] lqxhz oth ds ije fojks/kh uok;k ¼n.MkSr djus dk iz;kl fd;k½ R;ksagh
Jhy{e.kth us mUgsa Hkqtkvksa ls idM+ dj vius ûkFk fo"k; le en dNq ukgha& bl ûkFk*
xys yxk fy;kA lEcks/ku ls gh lqxhz oth ds vUreZu dh O;Fkk
^rc dihl pjufUg fl# ukok& fiNyh pkSikbZ dks le>k tk ldrk gS A os rks y{e.kth ds
^^dfj fcurh---iy¡x cSBk,** ij /;ku nsxas rks pj.kksa esa fxj dj] vius ls gq;s izekn ds izfr
blesa dFkk ds lkFk&lkFk Hkxor~ iwtk i)fr dh iNrkok izdV djuk pkgrs Fks fdUrq cjcl
dqN LFkwy fØ;k;s Hkh utj vk;sxha A tSls fd ^^xfg Hkqt daB yxk** ysus ds dkj.k os ogk¡
^^dfj fcufr eafnj yS vk,** esa /;ku vkSj ftl dk;Z dks djus ls oafpr jg x;s Fks] mlh
vkokgu dk o.kZu gS rks ^^pju i[kkfj iy¡x dks ;gk¡ 'kCnksa esa ûkFk* dgdj O;Dr fd;k gSA
cSBk,** esa v/;Z] ik| vkSj vklu nsuk dgk ;gk¡ ftKklqvksa dks 'kadk gksuk LokHkkfod
x;k gSA blh iwtk i}fr dh vfUre fØ;k gS fd vHkh mUgsa pj.k Li'kZ ls mijke fd;k
Lkk"Vkax iz.kke gSA bls gh lqxhz oth lEikfnr x;k FkkA os mUgha dks iqu% lEeku lwpd ûkFk*
djus tk jgs FksA oLrqr% Hkou esa ykus rd dk D;ksa dg jgs gSa\ tcfd o; ¼vk;q½ esa vius ls
dk;Z Jhguqekuth ,oa rkjkth us fd;k gS A NksVs dks ûkFk* dguk mudk migkl rks ekuk
blds ckn iwtk vpZuk vkfn dk dk;Z tSlkfd tk ldrk gS] lEEkku dnkfi ughaa A gk¡]
'kkL=ksa dh e;kZnk gS] ?kj ds eqf[k;k dks djuk Jhlhrkth vius ls NksVs nsoj dks lEeku nsosa
pkfg;s] Jhlqxhz oth us gh fd;k gSA vkSj v/;kRe mUgsa ^y[kuq* ;kus y{e.k^th* dgs ^ûkeq y[kuq
jkek;.k esa Hkh lqxhz oth ds }kjk gh Jhy{e.kth y?kq nsoj eksjs** rks lkekftd e;kZnk ds ukrs mls
dh iwtk lEikfnr gqbZ gS loZFkk mfpr dgk tk ldrk gSA fdUrq lqxhz oth
^^lqxzhoks·I;/;Zik|k|SyZ{e.ka leiwt;r~**Av-jk- lEeku izdV dj ;k dHkh&
4@5@7 xksLokehth dks ;fn iwtk&vpZuk ds dHkk/k rks jketh Hkh vius NksVs HkkbZ dks lEeku
ckn lqxhz oth dk ogk¡ vkuk] vHkh"V gksrk rks os ls ^y[kuq* ;k ^yfNeuq* dgsa ^^tx egq¡ l[kk
^rc* in ds LFkku ij ^vkb* 'kCn yxk ldrs fulkpj tsrs] yfNeuq gubZ fufe"k egq¡
Fks ¼vkb dihl pjufUg fl# ukok½ tSlk fd rsrs**A5@43@7 rc rks blesa vo'; gh dksbZ u
vkxs o.kZu gS ^^vkb jke in ukofga ekFkk**A dksbZ jkt gksuk pkfg,A bl dk.M ds eaxykpj.k
^xfg Hqkt yfNeu daB yxkok& lqxhz oth izHkq ds 'yksd ^^dqUnsUnhoj lqUnjkofr cykS** esa ladr s
l[kk gSa ¼rkr l[kk lqxzho½ os o; ¼vk;q½ esa Hkh fd;k x;k Fkk fd y{e.kth Jh'kadjth ds
y{e.kth ls cM+s gSa blhfy;s mUgksaus y{e.kth va'kkorkj gS blhfy;s os jketh ds fiz; gS vkSj
dks dqekj lEcks/ku fn;k Fkk ^^dfj fcurh mUgsa ^^yPNu /kke ^jke fiz;* ldy txr
leq>km dqekjk**A vr% lqxhz oth ls vius pj.k vk/kkj* dgk Hkh x;k gSA vkSj lqxzhoth Kku ds
Li'kZ@n.Mor~ djokuk y{e.kth ds fy;s Hkh lk{kkr~ izrhd Jhlw;Z ukjk;.k ds va'kkorkj gS A
e;kZnktfur ugha gksrk A vr,o mUgksaus lqxhz oth foxr pkSikb;ksa esa bUgsa ckj&ckj ^^dihl**
dks ckags idM+ dj ^xfg Hqkt* tcfj;k xys yxk lEcks/ku fn;k tk jgk gSA vkSj ^^dfi** ds
fy;k vr% ^daB yxkok* dgk x;kA lUnHkZ esa dg pqds gSa fd tks lq[k Lo:i czã
ukFk fo"k; le en dNq ukgha Aeqfu eu eksg jl dk ifjj{k.k djrk gS] og dfi gS ^^da lq[ka
djb Nu ekgh aA ikfrj{krhfr dfi%** ¼ns[ksa nksgk 1@6 dh Vhdk½
gs ukFk ! fo"k; ¼bfUnz; lq[k½ ds leku vr% dfi;ksa ds bZ'k gksus ds ukrs] muls
enksUeÙk djus okyk vU; dksbZ en gh ugha gSA Jhy{e.kth dk Lo:i fNik gqvk ugha gSA
;g fo"k;klfä rks eqfu;ksa ds eu dks Hkh blhfy;s mUgkssaus y{e.kth dks ^ûkFk** lEcks/ku
{k.kek= esa eksfgr dj ysrh gS ¼rc esjh rks fn;k gSA vkSj nwljk dkj.k] pkrqekZl lekiu
vkSdkr gh D;k gS½ okys nksgs esa ^^lnxq#** dh vko';drk crkbZ xbZ
Fkh & ^^ln~x# q feysa tkfg ftfe lal; Hkze
leqnkbZ** 4@17 vkSj y{e.kth oLrqr% lqxzhoth lHkh eSaus Jhjketh dh dìk ls iqu% ik;k gSA
tSls ^êksg fulk¡ lcq lksofugkjk** dks fo”k; ftUgksaus lIrrkyksa dks ,d rhj ls cs/k fn;k Fkk]
foykl ls pSrU; djus okys ln~x# q gSa ^^tkfuv Hkyk] mUgsa vU; lgk;dksa dh D;k vko';drk
rcfga tho tx tkxk] tc lc fo"k; fcykl gS\ os rks vius rst cy ls gh jko.k dk o/k
fcjkxk**2@92@4A bl ?kVukdze ds i'pkr~] djds Jhlhrkth dks ys vk;sxa*s *A okYehfd
lqxhz oth dHkh fo"k;klä gq;s gsaS] ,slk dksbZ jkek;.k esa xgu xksrk yxk;saxs rks Li”V izrhfr
izek.k ;k mYys[k ugha feyrk gsSA vr% viuk gksxh fd ;gk¡ mUgksaus jketh ds uke ls oLrqr%
xq# eku dj mUgsa ^ûkFk** lEcks/ku fn;k gSA y{e.kth dh iz'kalk dh gSA ogk¡ dgk gS fd ^^gs
bl ^^fo"k; le en dNq ukgha** esa mUgksaus y{e.k! ftuds /kuq"k [khaprs le; mldh Vadkj
Jhy{e.kth ds fy;s iz'kalktud fVIi.kh Hkh gSA ek= ls ioZrksa lfgr i`Foh dk¡i mBh Fkh] mUgsa
vfHkizk; gS fd bu fo"k; lq[kksa ds ckjs esa vki lgk;dksa ls D;k ysuk&
dqN Hkh ugha tkurs gSa] vHkh vki buls ^^/kuqfoZLQkjek.kL; ;L; 'kCnsu y{e.kA
vufHkK gSaA lqxzhoth us ;gk¡ y{e.kth o Lo;a l'kSyk dfEirk Hkwfe% lgk;S% fda uq rL;
ds chp dh xfjek dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s gh oS**AA4@36@9ok-jk-
fo"k; Hkksxksa ds ckjs esa dqN Hkh ppkZ ugha dh] oLrqr% izHkq }kjk dh xbZ /kuq"k Vadkj
dsoy Lo;a ds en dh vkSj eqfu;ksa ds eksg dh lquus dk volj rks mUgsa vkt vHkh rd feyk
gh ckr dgh gSA gh ugha gS A ;g rks mUgksaus vHkh tks y{e.kth
êqfu eu eksg djb Nu ekgha& okYehfd ds }kjk dh xbZ /kuq"k Vadkj lquh Fkh mlh dh
jkek;.k esa ;gk¡ fo'okfe= vkSj esudk ds izse iz'kalk esa dgk gSa A vkxs mUgksaus nkl cudj
izlax dh ppkZ vkbZ gS A ogk¡ lqxhz oth us dgk {kek Hkh ekaxh gS ^^fo'okl ;k Lusgo'k nkl ls
gS fd tc fo'okfe= tSls egkeqfu ?k`rkph dksbZ vijk/k cu x;k gks rks mls {kek djsa]
¼esudk½ ij vklDr gks x;s rc mUgsa nl o"kZ nklksa ls vijk/k gqvk gh djrs gSa** ns[ksa ok-jk-
dk le; Hkh ,d fnu ds leku izrhr gqvk& 4@36@11 y{e.kth dh os lh/ks lh/ks iz’ka”kk
^^?k`rkP;ka ¼esudk½ fdy lalDrks n'ko"kkZf.k dj ugha ldrs vr% blh izdkj ds fouhr opu
y{e.kA lquk;s gSa ftUgsa lqudj Jhy{e.kth dks vkUrfjd
vgks·eU;r /kekZRek fo'okfe=ks lq[k feykA
egkeqfu%**AA4@7@35ok-jk- ^yfNeu rsfg cgq fcf/k leq>kok& lqxhz oth ds
lqxhz oth dk vfHkizk; gS fd eSus rks ek= ,d opuksa ls izlUu gksdj y{e.kth us izR;qRrj esa
fnu dk gh izeksn fd;k gS xksLokehth us êqfu tks dgk mldk lkj gS fd ^^gs dfijkt ! rqe
eu eksg* esa fo'okfe=th ds foeksfgr gksus dk cy vkSj ijkØe esa Hkxoku Jhjke ds cjkcj
,oa ^djb Nu ekgha* esa nl o"kZ dk le; chr gksA nsorkvksa us gh gesa nh?kZdky ds fy;s rqe
tkus dk ladr s fd;k gSA tSlk lgk;d iznku fd;k gSA fdUrq rqEgkjs fe=
lqur fcuhr cpu lq[k ikok A yfNeu rsfg viuh iRuh ds vigj.k ls cgqr nq%[kh gS vr%
cgqfcf/k leq>kok AA mUgsa vfoyEc pydj lkURouk nksA gs fe= !
bu fouez opuksa dks lqudj y{e.kth 'kksdeXu Jhjke ds opuksa dks lqudj eSu sa
dks lq[k feykA mUgksaus mls ¼lqxhz o dks½ cgqr rqEgkjs izfr tks dBksj ckrsa dgha gS muds fy;s
izdkj ls le>k;k] lkURouk nhA eq>s {kek djks&
^lqur fcuhr cpu lq[k ikok& ok-jk- lxZ 36 ^ê;kRoa i#”kk.;qäLrr~ {keLo l[ks
esa lqxhz oth us nl 'yksdksa esa blh izdkj ds ee**A4@36@18 ls 20ok-jk-
vuqu; Hkjs opu dgs gSaA muds dgs opuksa dk iou ru; lc dFkk lqukbZ A tsfg fcf/k x,
lkj gS fd ^^;g JhdhfrZ vkSj lukru jkT; nwr leqnkbZ AA
mlh le; Jhiouiq= guqekuth us x;k A lkFk gh blh nksgs dh vxyh i¡fDr ds
ftlizdkj okujksa dks cqykus ds fy;s nwrksa ds ^vkxsa* in esa yxk vuqLokj Hkh 'kqHk lwpd gS
leqnk; dks] Hkstk x;k Fkk] og lc dFkk ¼ns[ksa ^^vkxsa pys cgqfj j?kqjk;k** dh Vhdk½A
y{e.kth dks lqukbZA ^vaxnkfn dfi lkFk*& Li”V gS fd lqxhz oth
îou ru; lc dFkk lqukbZ& ;gk¡ îou ru;* vius lkFk lHkh NksVs cM+s dfi;ksa&ifjtuksa dks
in izFke nsus dk vfHkizk; gS fd îou% ysdj pys gS A ;gk¡ ^^dfi** in dk Hkko ^^da
iorkefLe*10@31 ds leku ;s viuh mifLFkfr lq[ka ikfr j{krhfr dfi%** okyk gh gSA
ek= ls gh dqafBr okrkoj.k dks 'khry ean] ^^lqxzho**¾okujksa dks cqykus gsrq nwr leqnk;
lqx/a k vkSj ikou cuk nsrs gSaA vkSj fQj nwrksa Hkstk tk pqdk gS] nwr vkSj okuj fdlh Hkh
dks Hkstus okys Hkh Jhguqekuth gh Fks vr% le; vk ldrs gSaA bl fooj.k dks lqu
lqxhz othus bUgh ds }kjk lc fooj.k fnyokuk lqxhz oth vfr izlUu gSa] xnZu rku dj py jgs
mfpr le>kA vHkh blh izlax esa budh vn~Hkqr gSa bls gh ^lqxzho* in ls lwfpr fd;k gSA
ok.kh dh ppkZ dh FkhA oLrqr% Jhguqekuth ^jkekuqt vkxsa dfj& HkfDr dk lUekxZ fn[kykus
egkjkt okD; fo'kkjn ekus x;s gSa vkSj budh okyk vkSj Hkxor&lk{kkr djkus okyk dksbZ xq#
o.kZu 'kSyh gh ,slh vuqie gS fd vkrZ tu lc ;k vkpk;Z gh gksrk gSA Jhy{e.kth egkjkt rks
nq[k Hkqyk nsrs gSa ^^jke pUnz xqu cjuS ykxk] leLr thoksa ds thokpk;Z gSa A bldk Li"V
lqurfga lhrk dj nq[k Hkkxk**5@12@5A vFkok ladr s fu"kknjkt xqg dks fn;s x;s mins'k
^^lqur cpu fcljs lc nw[kk] r`"kkoar ftfe ikbZ ^^y{e.kxhrk** esa feyrk gS ¼ns[ksa v;ks/;k
fi;q"kk**7@1@6¼Hkjrth½ ;gk¡ rks os vk'kk ls dk.M&2@91 ls 2@93@2 rdA½ ;gk¡ mUgsa
vf/kd lq[kizn ^^tsfg fcf/k x, nwr leqnkbZ* dk jkekuqt lEcks/ku fn;k x;k gSa tks fd HkfDr
lekpkj mn~Hkkflr dj jgs gSaA vr% lHkh lquus ekxZ ds izorZd Jhjkekuqtkpk;Zth dk ijks{k
okyksa dks og ^dFkk* ds leku lq[knk;h izrhr gks ladr s d gSA vkSj buds ekxZfunsZ'k esa gh lqxhz oth
jgh gSA ldqVqEc izHkq rd igq¡pus tk jgs gSA vr%
nksgk&gjf"k pys lqxzho rc vaxnkfn dfi ^^jkekuqt vkxsa dfj** dgkA
lkFk A ekul esa Jhy{e.kth ds pfj= dh
jkekuqt vkxsa dfj vk, tg¡ j?kqukFk izLrqfr ftl i}fr ls gqbZ gS] mUgsa tgk¡&rgk¡
AA19AA ftl jhfr ls ^jkekuqt* lEcks/ku fn;k gS
Jhguqekuth ls nwr lewg Hkstus dk ^^jkekuqt dg¡ jkeq dg¡ vl dfg Nk¡Msfl
fooj.k tkudj lc gf"kZr gq;sA lqxhz oth us rc izku**6@76 /;ku jgs xq# gh xksfoUn ls vkxs
;qojkt v¡xn o vU; okuj Js"Bksa dks lkFk j[ks tkrs gSaA vkSj izLrqr izlax ds izkjEHk esa
fy;k vkSj jkekuqt y{e.kth dks vkxs djds ftl jhfr ls deZdk.M fd;s gSa& ^^dfj fcurh
¼mudh N=Nk;k esa izo"kZ.k ioZr dh vksj½ pysA eafnj ys vk,] pju i[kkfj iy¡x cSBk,** bu
vkSj ogk¡ vk;s tgk¡ Jhj?kqukFkth fojkteku gSaA lc ds dkj.k /;ku cjcl gh fof'k"Vk}Sr okn
^gjf"k pys lqxzho rc& ;gk¡ ^gjf"k* in izFke ds fl)kUrksa vkSj mlds izorZd
vkSj ^rc* in dks lk;kal ckn esa j[kk x;k gS Jhjkekuqtkpk;Zth dh vksj vkdf"kZr gks tkrk
D;ksafd euesa g"kZ lapkfjr gksuk vius vki esa gSA lqfoK tkurs gaS fd jkekuqt lEiznk; ds
'kqHk 'kdqu dk |ksrd gS ^^lxqu gksfg lqanj lHkh vkpk;Z vius dj esa ^n.M* j[krs gSaA vkSj
ldy eu izlUu lc dsj**6eaxykpj.kA vkSj oanuk izdj.k esa y{e.kth dks Hkh jketh dh
iz;k.k ds vkjEHk esa gksus okyk ^g"kZ* dk;Z flf) dhfrZ irkdk dk n.M gh dgk x;k gS ^^j?kqifr
dk Hkh lwpd gS ^^gksbfg dktq eksfg gj"k dhjfr fcey irkdk] ^n.M* leku Hk;m tl
fcls"kh**A5@10@3 blfy;s ^gjf"k* igys dgk
tkdk**1@16@6A vkSj ;gh n.M jkejkT; esa Hkh cksys&gs ukFk ! blesa esjk fdafpr~ Hkh nks"k ugha
;fr;ksa ¼tfrUg½ ds gkFk esa fn[kyk;k x;k gS& gSA
^^naM* tfrUg dj Hksn tg¡ urZd u`R; ûkb pju fl# dg dj tksjh& blds iwoZ
lekt] lqxhz oth us y{e.kth dks rks ln~x# q Lo:i eku
thrgq eufg lqfuv vl jkepUnz ds dj mUgsa n.Mor~ iz.kke djus dh ps"Vk dh Fkh
jkt**A6@22A ^^pjufUg fl# ukok** fdUrq izHkq ds lkFk mudk
jkekuqt lEiznk; okys vius vkpk;ksZa dks l[; Hkko gS vr% igys ds leku gh ¼^^lknj
^^;rhUnz** vkSj ^;frjkt* dgrs gS ;g ftKklqvksa feysm ukb in ekFkk**½ pjuksa esa flj uok;k gS
dks mudh fuR; Lrqfr;ksa esa lqukbZ iM+ tk;sxk tcfd Jhguqekuth egkjkt rks lnSo gh izHkq ds
^^dkekfn nks”kgjekRe inkfJrkuka jkekuqta pj.k idM+ ysrs gSa ^îzHkq ifgpkfu ijsm xfg
^;frifra* iz.kekfe pjuk**A4@1@5 vkSj fQj mUgsa NksM+rs gh ugha&
ew/ukZ**A2A Jh;frjkt foa’kfrA ^^ckj ckj izHkq pgb mBkok] izse exu rsfg mBc u
esjk ;g dnkfi rkRi;Z ugha gS fd ekul Hkkok**5@32@1
^jkekuqt* lEiznk; fo'ks"k dk xzUFk gSA tc ^gfj ûkFk eksfg dNq ukfgu [kksjh& ;g iafDr vkSj
ds izsjs* dyec) gqvk gS rks fdlh lEiznk; vxyh N% pkSikb;ksa esa Hkh lqxhz oth us izHkq dks
fo'ks"k dk gks Hkh ugha ldrkA fdUrq ;g Hkh mykgus gh mykgus fn;s gSa tSlkfd guqekuth us
lR; gS fd xksLokehth us izkjfEHkd nh{kk xq# izFke HksaV esa fn;s Fks ^ûkFk tho ro ek;k
ujgfjnklth ls xzg.k dh FkhA vr% ekuo eu eksgk** 4@2@2A fdUrq ;gk¡ lqxhz oth us tks
ij izkjfEHkd laLdkjksa dk izHkko jgsxk ghA blh mykgus fn;s gSa os cjkcjh okys l[; Hkko dks
#>ku ds dkj.k xksLokehth us y{e.kth R;kx dj] ,d Hkä dh iw.kZ e;kZnk ls] o
¼jkekuqtkpk;Zth ds vkfnlzksr½ dh oanuk pkj Hkxoku dks fn;s tkus okyk lEcks/ku ûkFk* in
iafDr;ksa esa dh gS tc fd vU; lHkh tuksa dh] iz;qDr djds fn;s gSaA lkFk gh ^êksfg dNq
jketh dh Hkh nks iafDr;ksa esa gh dh gSA vkSj ukfgu [kksjh** ds }kjk Lo;a dks Hkh iw.kZr;k
'k=q?uth dh rks ek= ,d iafDr esa gh gSA fujijk/k Bgjk;k gSA rc vijk/k fdldk gS\
izzlaxkuqlkj ^jkekuqt vkxas dfj* ls bls mUgksaus vxyh pkSikb;ksa esa Li"V fd;k gS A
rkRi;Z ;g Hkh xzg.k dj ldrs gS fd Jhjketh vfrl; izcy nsso ro ek;k A NwVb jke djgq
ds jks"k ls cpus ds fy;s y{e.kth dks <ky :i tkSa nk;k AA
esa vkxs j[kk x;k gSA bl dk.M ds eaxykpj.k gs nso ! vkidh ek;k vR;Ur izcy gSA
'yksd esa ^^dqUnsnhoj lqUnjkofr cykS** ds }kjk gs jketh ! vki tc n;k djrs gSa rHkh ek;k
Hkh thokpk;Z ds ukrs Jhy{e.kth dh Lrqfr izFke NwVrh gSA
dh xbZ Fkh vkSj ogk¡ bUgsa ln~/keZ dk vuqlj.k ^vfrl; izcy nso ro ek;k& ^vfrl; izcy*
djus okyksa ds fy;s <ky :ih j{kd dgk x;k bu nks fo'ks"k.kksa esa Hkh lqxhz oth ds mikyEHk
Fkk ^^j?kqojkS l)eZoekSZ fgrkS** blfy;s <ky:i esa fufgr gSaA mudk vfHkizk;% gS fd tho ls
^^jkekuqt vkxs dfj vk, tg¡ j?kqukFk** dgk A NksVh&eksVh ek;k gh >syh ugha tkrhA vkidh
^^vk, tg¡ j?kqukFk**& ^tg¡* ls vfHkizk; izo"kZ.k lk/kkj.k@ek;k gh f'ko] czãk tSlksa dks eksfgr
ioZr ls gSA djus ds fy;s i;kZIr dgh xbZZ gS ^^flo fcjafp
ukb pju fl# dg dj tksjhA ukFk eksfg dNq dgq¡ eksgb dks gS ciqjk vku** 7@62 vkSj
ukfgu [kksjhA vkius rks eq>s viuh ^vfr'k; izcy ek;k* ls
ogk¡ igq¡p dj lqxhz oth us Jhj?kqukFkth eksfgr djok fn;k] esjk D;k nks"k gSS \ ^vfrl;
ds pj.kksa esa flj uok;kA fQj gkFk tksM+dj izcy ek;k* ls rkRi;Z jketh ds gh ‘kCnksa esa
^îkok jkt dksl iqj ukjh** esa Qaluk
^^NwVb jke djgq tkS nk;k**& bl ^djgq tkS ^^lqj uj eqfu** ek;k o'khHkwr gksus ds mnkgj.kksa
nk;k* esa lqxhz oth us izHkq dh iqjkuh Le`fr dks esa bUnz vkSj vfgY;k ds izse izlax dk ladr s
dqjsnk gSA mudk Li"V earO; gS fd ckyh&c/k ds ekul esa gSa ^^xkSre ukfj Jki cl miy nsg
iwoZ gh eSaus ek;k eqä j[kus gsrq vkils dìk /kfj /khj**1@210A egkeqfu fo'okfe= vkSj
djus dh fcurh dh Fkh ^^vc izHkq dìk ^djgq* esudk ds izse izlax dk mYys[k okYehfd jkek;.k
,fg Hkk¡rh] lc rft Hktuq djkSa fnu jkrh**A ds lxZ 35 esa gqvk gSA ;gk¡ Hkh ftldh ppkZ
rc vkius gh eq>s ^^l[kk cpu ee e`"kk u ^êqfu eu eksg djb Nu ekgh** ds vUrxZr dh
gksbZ** dg dj bl ek;k&eksg ds Qansa esa Qalk;k xbZ gSA ekuoksa esa ge euqth dk mnkgj.k] muds
gSA bl dFku ^^gksb û fo"k;* fcjkx Hkou clr
lqxhz oth ;fn pkgrs rks ;gh mykguk Hkk pkSFkiu** ds mijkUr Hkh ugha ns ldrs gSa
fdf"dU/kkiqjh esa y{e.kth dks Hkh lquk ldrs FksA D;ksfd os fo"k;h ugha] jke dks izdV djkus okyksa
D;ksafd ^^dìk djgq¡ ,fg Hkk¡rh** okyk okrkZyki esas FksA vkSj u gh n'kjFkth dks bl fVIi.kh ds
buds le{k gh gqvk FkkA ,slk Hkh ugha gS fd ckn Hkh ^^lks lqfu fr; fjl x;m lq[kkbZ] ns[kgq
ogk¡ y{e.kth NksVs cM+s dh e;kZnk ds dkj.k ^dke izrki* cM+kbZ**A2@24@3 fo"k;h ugha
mykguk ikus ls cps gksaA oLrqr% lqxhz oth dks Bgjk ldrs gSa D;ksafd buds xq.kxku esa Lo;a
fofnr gS fd çHkq dh ek;k dsoy izHkq ds gh of'k"Bth us dgk gS ^^fcf/k gfj g# lqjifr
v/khu gSaA Lo;a y{e.kth Hkh blds pisVs esa fnflukFkk] cjufga lc nljFk xqu xkFkk**A jko.k
vkdj xqgkj dj pqds gSa ^^xfg in dey vuqt dks ‘kwiZ.k[kk us cgqr dqN [kjh [kksVh dgh gS
dj tksjh] dgsm ukFk dNq eksfg u [kksjh** ^^djfl iku lksofl fnu jkrh** ijUrq og Hkh
3@29@4 tks ckr ;gk¡ y{e.kth us dgh gS jko.k ij lh/ks fo"k;klDr dk vkjksi ugha yxk
Bhd ;gh ¼iwoksZDr pkSikbZ esa½ lqxhz oth us Hkh ldhA gk¡ vkxs mRrjdk.M esa] dfy;qx /keZ dh
dgh gSA vUrj lqxhz oth ds dgus esa êksfg* ppkZ esa dfy;qxh ekuoksa ds vusd mnkgj.k
¼esjk½ Hkko izFke gS vkSj mUgksaus l[; Hkko ls feysxas ^^cgq nke l¡okjfga /kke trh] ^fo"k;k*
ûkb pju* dj dgk gSA tcfd y{e.kth us gfj yhfUg u jfg fcjrh**A 7@100@1 D;ksa dk
^xfg in dey* pj.k deyksa dks iwT; Hkko ls dkj.k ogha crk;k gS fd ^^dfydky fcgky fd,
idM+dj viuh ckr dgh gSA euqtk] ufga ekur DokSa vuqtk ruqtk** vr%
fc"k; cL; lqj uj eqfu Lokeh A eSa iko¡j mijksDr izdkj ds ûj* dsoy dfydky esa gh
ilq dfi vfr dkeh AA ekuus pkfg,A
gs Lokeh ! fo"k; okluk ds o'khHkwr rks êS iko¡j ilq dfi vfr dkeh& ^vfr dkeh* in
nsork] euq"; vkSj eqfux.k Hkh gSaA fQj eSa rks ds }kjk lqxhz oth us Lo;a es dke nks"k dks
rqPN ¼ikej½ i'kqvksa esa Hkh vfr dkeh ckuj gw¡A Lohdkj fd;k gS A Lo;a dks vfrdkeh dgk gS]
^fc"k; cL; lqj uj eqfu Lokeh& ^fc"k;* 'kCn lkFk gh ^lqj uj eqfu* ds lax ^Lokeh* lEcks/ku
ls eksVk eksVh rkRi;Z vk¡[k] dku] ukd] thHk nsdj dj mUgksaus l[; Hkko ls jketh ij Hkh
,oa Ropk ds }kjk xzg.k djus okys inkFkZ gSa] ^fo"k; cL;* dk dVk{k fd;k gSA vfHkizk; gS fd
tSls fd vk¡[k ls :i ns[kuk] dku ls 'kCn vki lcds Lokeh gksdj Hkh lhrkth ds fy;s
lquuk] ukd ls xU/k ysuk] thHk ls jl p[kuk fojg&fo"kkn dj jgs Fks ^^fcjgh bo izHkq djr
vkSj Ropk ls Li'kZ djukA lc fdlh dks buls fc"kknk] dgr dFkk vusd laoknk**3@36@2A
dke ysuk gh iM+rk gS A ijUrq budh v/khurk rc eSa rks ^îko¡j ilq dfi vfr dkeh** gw¡ A
xzg.k djuk] buesa jlklfä j[kuk gh ek;ktky ukfj u;u lj tkfg u ykxk A ?kksj Øks/k re fufl
esa Qaluk gSA tks tkxk AA
gs Lokeh! tks ukjh ds u;u ck.k ls vkgkj dk Hkh ifjR;kx dj j[kk FkkA bldh
vNwrk jgk] tks ?kksj Øks/k dk f'kdkj ugha gqvk ppkZ ;k bl fo"k; esa ladr s lHkh jkek;.kksa esa
vFkkZr~ ?kksj Øks/kkoLFkk esa Hkh iz'kkUr&euk cuk fey tk;sxaAs v/;kRe jkek;.k esa rks Li"V dgk
jgk] ogh O;fDr ?kksj vU/ksjh jkr esa x;k gS fd ^^bUnzthr dh e`R;q mlh ds gkFk ls
¼fo"k;&okrkoj.k esa½ tkx ldrk gS] oLrqr% og gks ldrh gS ftlus ckjg o"kZ rd vkgkj&funzk
tkxk¾;ksxh gh gSA dk R;kx dj j[kk gksA y{e.kth us rks v;ks/;k
ûkfj u;u lj tkfg u ykxk& lqxhz oth dke NksM+us ds lkFk gh bu lcdk ifjR;kx dj j[kk
ds o'khHkwr gq;s Fks vr% ^ûkfj u;u lj** igys gS &
dgdj dke dh izcyrk dghA ;ksa vU;= Hkh ^^;Lrq }kn’k o"kkZf.k funzkgkj fooftZr%AA
dke dk o.kZu igys fd;k x;k gS ^ê`xykspfu rsuSo e`R;qfuZfnZ"Vks czzã.kkL; nqjkReu%A
ds uSu lj dks vkl ykx u tkfg**7@70 y{e.kLrq v;ks/;k;k fuxZE;k;kÙo;k
¼[k½A bl pkSikbZ esa dke vkSj Øks/k dk c[kku lg**A6@8@65v-jk-
gS vkSj vxyh pkSikbZ esa yksHk dkA ;kas jketh us bl rF; dks xksLokehth us Hkh viuh
Hkh bu rhuksa dks gh vR;Ur izcy dgk gS& 'kSyh esa mtkxj fd;k gSA lqxzhoth us vHkh
^^rkr rhu vfr izcy [ky dke Øks/k v# y{e.kth ls tks fouhr opu dgs Fks ^ûkFk
yksHk A fo"k; le en dNq ukgha] eqfu eu eksg djb
eqfu fcX;ku /kke eu djfga fufe"k eg¡ Nu ekgh**A ogk¡ mudk vfHkizk; ;gh Fkk fd
NksHk** A3@38A vki bu fo"k;ksa ¼funzk] vkgkj] L=h lq[k vkfn½
bl rhu ds lkFk ên* vius vki pyk vkrk ls ijs gSa] vNwrs gS] vki bUgsa D;k tkus \ ;ksa
gS tSlk fd jko.k ds izlax esa foHkh"k.kth us làxosjiqj dh izFke jkf= ds o.kZu esa funsZ'k
Li"V dgk gS ^^dke Øks/k en yksHk lc ukFk fd;k x;k gS fd y{e.kth jkf= esa tkxdj
ujd ds iaFk**5@38A fdUrq lqxhz oth dh ftanxh igjk nsrs gSa ^^dNqd nwfj lft cku ljklu]
esa ên* uke dh oLrq dHkh vkSj dgha Hkh ns[kus tkxu yxs cSBh chjklu**2@89@2 vFkkZr~ lksrs
ugha feysxhA vr% en dh ppkZ ;gk¡ u rks ughaA
bUgksaus Lo;a gh dh vkSj u gh vU; fdlh us Qykgkj Hkh bUgksusa fu"kknjkt ds ;gk¡]
bldk vkjksi bu ij yxk;k gSA Hkj}kt eqfu ds ;gk¡ ,oa okYehfdth ds ;gk¡
^?kksj Øks/k re fufl tks tkxk& oLrqr% ;g iwjh vFkkZr~ fp=dwV igq¡pus rd gh xzg.k fd;k gSA
pkSikbZ Jhy{e.kth dks lefiZr gSA lqxhz oth us vkxs buds }kjk Qykgkj xzg.k djus dk o.kZu
;gk¡ mudh eqä d.B ls iz'kalk dh gSA dgha ugha feysxkA 'kcjhth ds ;gk¡ rks Li"V
Jhxhrkth esa ^fLFkrizK* dh ifjHkk"kk esa dgk o.kZu gS fd Qy dsoy çHkq dks gh lefiZr fd;s
x;k gS ^^lEiw.kZ izkf.k;ksa ds fy;s tks jkf= gS x;s vkSj mUgksaus gh [kk;s ^^dan ewy Qy lqjl
mlesa ^fLFkrizK* ;ksxh tkxrk gS vkSj ftl vfr fn;s ^jke* dgq¡ vkfuA çse lfgr ^çHkq*
uk'koku lkalkfjd lq[k dh izkfIr esa lc izk.kh [kk;s ckjackj c[kkfuA**3@34 yksx dgrs rks
tkxrs gSa] og ijekRe rÙo ds tkuus okys eqfu ;gh gSa fd tks Qy bUgksusa 'kcjhth ds ;gk¡ ugha
ds fy;s jkf= ds leku gS**& [kk;s os gh buds fy;s lathouh cwVh cu x;s FksA
^^;k fu'kk loZHkwrkuak rL;ka tkxfrZ la;ehA ^tks tkxk*&xw<+kFkZ esa dgk x;k gS fd og ;ksxh
;L;ka tkxzfr Hkwrkfu lk fu'kk i';rks ¼y{e.kth½ gSaA làxcsjiqj esa fn;s x;s ^^y{e.k
equs%**AA xhrk2@69 xhrk** mins'k esa blh lUnHkZ esa ^tksxh* vkSj
Jhy{e.kth bl ifjHkk"kk dh dlkSVh ij ^tkxk* nksuksa in lax gh vk;s gSa&
iwjs [kjs mrjrs gsaSA Ekkul esa Jhy{e.kth ^^,fg tx tkfefu tkxfg ^tksxh*] ijekjFkh
egkjkt gh ,dek= ,sls ik= gSa ftUgksaus pkSng çiap fc;ksxhA
o"kZ rd u dsoy L=h lq[k dk gh cfYd funzk o
tkfuv rcfga tho tx ^tkxk*] tc lc fc"k; fcykl tkbZ ftfe çfrykHk YkksHk vf/kdkbZA** 1@197@2
fcjkxk**2@92@4 thokpk;Z y{e.kth us ogk¡ ^tkxfg D;ksafd çHkq ds opukuqlkj ;g yksHk vuko';d
tksxh* dk mins'k fd;k gS vkSj ;g loZekU; bPNkvkssa vkSj feF;k naHk o cy ij iuirk gS&
lR; gS fd ;s mu yksxksa esas ugha gS ftUgsa îj ^^yksHk ds bPNk naHk cy] dke ds
mins'k dq'ky cgqrsjs* dgk tk ldsA dsoy ukfjA
mijksä ^tksxh* vkSj ^tkxk* in esa dgs dzks/k ds i#"k cpu cy eqfucj
Hkkoksa dks ;fnlqxhz oth ds dgs ¼^tks tkxk*½ opuksa dgfga fcpkfj**A3@38
ls tksM+dj ns[ksa rks Li"V gks tk;sxk fd ;s ekul jksx çdj.k esa yksHk dks vikj dgk x;k
y{e.kth dh ç'kalk esa gh dgs x;s gSaA lqxzhoth gSa ^^dke ckr dQ yksHk vikjk** 7@120@30
us Lo;a ns[kk gS fd os ¼y{e.kth½ :i xfoZrk vr% ^tho* bl viwj.kh; yksHk dh iwfrZ esa gh
lqUnfj;ksa ,oa Qwyksa dh lqxU/k vkSj lqjhys laxhr vUrr% dky dk xzkl gks tkrk gSA blfy;s bls
dh rku ls enekrs okrkoj.k esa ls Hkh fLFkrçK ;gk¡ ^yksHk ikl* dgkA pw¡fd yksHk :ih ik¡l
dh Hkk¡fr fudy vk;s Fks& Lo;a gh dk Mkyk gqvk gS vr% ^^xj u
^^rU=ksxhrlekdhysZ lerkyink{kje~A c¡/kk;k** dgkA bu nksuksa pkSikbZ;ksa dk HkkokFkZ gS
càh’p fofo/kkdkjk :i;kSouxfoZrk%A fd lk/kkj.k euq"; ds fy;s dke] dzks/k vkSj
fL=;% lqxhz oHkous nn’kZ l yksHk ij iw.kZ fot; ikuk vfr nq"dj gS A
egkcy%A4@33@22 ^lks uj rqEg leku j?kqjk;k& jketh yksHk jfgr
^^pkfj=s.k egkckgqjd`”V% l gSa] bl ckr dks dgus okys vdsys lqxhz oth gh
y{e.k%**A4@33@27ok-jk- ugha gSa] n'kjFkth us Hkh dgk gS ^^yksHkq u jkefg
^tks* & xksLokehth dh lkadfs rd 'kSyh ds jktq dj cgqr Hkjr ij çhfr**A2@31 vU;ksa us
vuqlkj Hkh ^tks* in y{e.kth ds fy;s gh Hkh ;gh dgk gS ^ûkfgu jkeq jkt ds Hkw[ks**
ç;qDr gqvk gS] oUnuk çdj.k esa mUgksusa buds oLrqr% iq#"kksŸke çHkq Jhjketh ds lEiw.kZ yhyk
fy;s ^tks* dgk gS ^^ls"k lgL=lhl tx dkju pfj= dks ns[ksa rks Li"V gks tk;sxk fd mUgksusa
^tks* vorjsm Hkwfe Hk; Vkju** 1@16@7 Lo;a dh bPNk ls ;k naHk cy ls çsfjr gksdj
vxyh pkSikbZ jketh dh ç'kalk esa dgh gSA dHkh dksbZ dk;Z ugha fd;sA çHkq us ;fn vorkj
/;ku nsa jketh ds igys jkekuqt dh ç'kalk Hkh fy;k rks euq'kr:ik ds pkgus ij ^^pkgm¡
djus dk vkSfpR; igys gh Li"V fd;k tk pqdk rqEgfg leku lqr çHkq lu dou
gS ^^rqEg rs vf/kd xqjfg ft;¡ tkuh] ldy nqjkm**A1@149 vkSj ;K j{kk ,oa /kuq"k&;K gsrq
Hkk¡; lsofga luekuh**A 2@128@8 xq# eku Hkh mUgsa fo'okfe=th gh ek¡x dj ys x;s Fks
dj ûkFk* dgk Fkk vkSj mlh ukrs igys budh ^^vuqt lesr nsgq j?kqukFkk** vkSj ^^/kuq"k tX;
ç'kalk ¼Lrqfr½ dh gS& lqfu j?kqdy q ukFkk] gjf"k pys eqfu cj ds
yksHk ik¡l tsfga xj u c¡/kk;k A lks uj rqEg lkFkk**1@209@10 ;fn /kuq"k Hkh rksM+k rks
leku j?kqjk;k AA xq#th dh vkKk ij ^^mBgq jke Hkatgq Hko
gs j?kqoa'k Hkw"k.k Jhjktkjketh ! ftlus pkik] esVgq rkr tud ifjrkik**1@253A
yksHk :ih ;eik'k ¼Qk¡lh½ esa viuk xyk Lo;a ouokl xzg.k fd;k rks nsoksa ds m)kj ds fy;s
ugha cU/kk;k] og ujksRre iq#"k vkigh ds leku ^^lqjdkt /kfj uj jkt ruq pys nyu [ky
¼vorkjh½ gSA fuflpj vuh**2@126 NanA tkudhth ds
^yksHk ik¡l tsfga xj u c¡/kk;k& ijkbZ oLrq dks fo;ksx esa fcjg fo"kkn dh yhyk dh rks og
çkIr djus dh bPNk dk uke gh yksHk gSA vkSj ukjnth ds dkj.k ^êe vidkj dhUg rqEg
yksHk ;k bPNk;sa dHkh lEkkIr gksus esa ugha vkrh Hkkjh] ukfj fcjg¡ rqEg gksc nq[kkjh**1@136@8A
cfYd c<+rh tkrh gSa& ^^fur uwru lc ck<+r ckyh dk o/k fd;k rks lqxhz oth dh bPNk ij
^êSa tks dgk j?kqchj dìkyk] ca/kq u gksb eksj jke ds**1@31@2] ^^dgr lqur j?kqifr ^xqu* xkFk**1@47@5] ^^gfj
;g dkyk**4@7@4A vkSj jko.k dk o/k Hkh ^xqu* uke vikj dFkk :i vxfur vfer**1@120A çHkq ds
fd;k rks lhrk gj.k ds dksi ls ugha mls rks xq.kksa dk xku djuk ;g HkfDr dh gh ,d Js.kh
{keknku nsus ds fy;s vaxnth dks nwr cuk dj ¼izdkj½ gSA jketh us Lo;a bl ckr dks 'kcjh
Hkstk gh Fkk ^^dktq gekj rklqfgr gksbZ] fjiq lu ls dgk gS ^^pkSfFk Hkxfr ee ^xqu* xu] djb diV
djsgq crdgh lksbZ**6@16 oLrqr% foHkh"k.kth ds rft xku**3@35 lqxhz oth us cgqr igys] izHkq ls
'kj.kkxr gksus ij] og Hkh muds dgus ij gh oSjkX; la;qä ok.kh esa dgk Fkk ^^lc rft Hktuq
^^lqur fcHkh"k.k cpu —ikyk] gjf"k xgs dj cku djkSa fnu jkrh** vkt Lo;a mlh ckr dk
djkyk** 6@101@6A ifjektZu dj jgs gSa fd& ^^;g xqu lk/ku rs
^lks uj*& fiNyh pkSikbZ esa ^tks tkxk* in ufga gksbZ**A rc dSls gksosxk\ rks dgk&
Jhy{e.kth ds thou dk pfjrkFkZd Fkk] oSls gh ^rqEgjh Ñik¡ iko dksb dksbZ& rÙor%
;gk¡ ^lks uj* in ijkRijczã jke] tksfd Jhlhrkjketh vfHkUu gSa] ,d gSa fdUrq tSls
ukjnth ds Jki ds dkj.k vorfjr gq;s] dk ok.kh esa vkSj mlds vFkZ esa ;k ikuh vkSj
|ksrd gS A /;ku nsxas rks ml vorkj ls mldh ygj esa tks fHkUurk Hkklrh gS ^^fxjk vjFk
lEcf/kar lHkh çlxksa esa ;g ^lks* in vo'; ty chfp le dfgvr fHkUu u fHkUu**A1@18 oSls gh
fey tk;sxk tSls& ^^jkeq ^lks* vo/k uìfr fHkUurk ;gk¡ ^rqEgjh* vkSj ^Ñik¡* in esa gSA
lksbZ**1@107@8] ^^nzom ^lks* nljFk vftj xw<+kFkZ esa ^rqEgjh Ñik¡* ls rkRi;Z çHkq dh
fcgkjh**1@111@4] ^^jke ^lks* ijekrek egkek;k ;kus vkfn 'kfDr lhrkth ls gSA ;s
Hkokuh** 1@118] ^^lks* lq[k/kke jke vl jketh ds #[k dk vuqlj.k djrs gq;s dk;ksZa dks
ukek**1@196 vkfn&vkfnA ;gk¡ ^lks uj* lEikfnr djrh gSa &
,dopu gS] lqxhz oth dk vfHkizk; gS fd ,slk ^^Jqfr lsrq ikyd jke rqEg txnhl ek;k tkudhA
euq"; lalkj esa gksuk lEHko ugha gS vkSj ;fn tks l̀tfr txq ikyfr gjfr ^#[k ikb* Ñikfu/kku dh**A2@126Nan
dksbZ gksxk Hkh rks og vkids leku gh] ;kus oUnuk çdj.k esa ;g ^dìk* in
vorkjh iq#"k gh gksxk A Jhlhrkth ds fy;s ç;qä Hkh gqvk gS ^^rkds
;g xqu lk/ku rsa ufga gksbZ A rqEgjh Ñik¡ iko ¼tkudhth½ tqx in dey eukom¡] tklq ^Ñik¡*
dksb dksbZ AA fujey efr ikom¡**1@17@8 ekul esa tgk¡ Hkh
gs j?kqjk;k! ;g xq.k vFkkZr~ dke] Øks/k jkeÑik¡] j?kqohj Ñik¡ vkfn in gSa] ekudj pysa
vkSj YkksHk bu rhuksa ls fufyZIr j[k dj HkfDr fd ogk¡ ^Ñik* in vkfn&'kfDr] fo|k&Lo:ik]
dj ikuk ;g lk/kuksa ls lEHko ugha gS A HkfDr&Lo:ik] egkek;k&Lo:ik] Jhlhrkth dh
vkidh Ñik ls gh dksbZ ,dk/k mls ¼HkfDr½ ik vksj fufnZ"V dj jgk gS
ikrk gSa A ^^;g jgL; j?kqukFk dj csfx u tkub dksb A
^;g xqu lk/ku rsa ufga gksbZ& ^;g xqu* in tks tkub j?kqifr ^Ñik¡* liusgq¡ eksg u gksb**AA 7@116A
,dopu gS vr% mijksä bu rhu dke] Øks/k ^Ñik iko dksb dksbZ*& bu 'kCnksa esa lqxhz oth ds
vkSj yksHk bu rhu ds fy;s ugha gks ldrkA dkrj Hkko dh Li"V >yd gSA ^^lk/ku rs ufga
rhu ds fy;s ç;qDr djuk gksrk rks ^,* xqu gksbZ** esa mUgksusa n'kkZ fn;k fd Hkfä gj ,d ds
fy[krs tSls fd ^^,* lc jke Hkxfr ds cl dh ckr ugha gS] oLrqr% /keZ /kqjU/kj djksM+ksa
ck/kd**4@6@17 ;ksa Hkh ;gk¡ ^xqu* in dgk O;fä;ksa esa Hkh dksbZ ,dk/k gh fo"k;ksa ls foeq[k
x;k gS vkSj dke] Øks/kkfn voxq.k ekus x;s gSa gks ikrk gS ^^/keZlhy dksfVd eg¡ dksbZ] fc"k; fceq[k fcjkx jr
A ekul esa ^xqu* in çk;% HkfDr ds vFkZ esa gksbZ**A7@53@2 lqxhz oth dk Li"V vfHkçk;% gS fd
vkSj jkeuke&xq.kxku ds fy;s gh ç;qä gqvk gS& brus lk/kuksa ds ckn Hkh vkidh HkfDr rks
^^lqfefj lks uke jke ^xqu* xkFk**1@27@2] ^^tx eaxy ^xqu* xzke vkidh Ñik ls gh ik ikrk gSA îko dksbZ* esa
mudk ladr s dsoV dh vksj gS ftls Hkfä mldh izk;% jkek;f.k;ksa dh ;gh /kkj.kk gS fd izHkq us
fu'Nyrk ds dkj.k vuk;kl feyh Fkh ns[ksa lqxhz oth dks dsoy >wBk <+k<+l ¼rlYyh½ ca/kkus
^^dksm ,d îko* Hkxfr ftfe eksjh**4@15@10 ds fy;s gh ^^rqEg fiz; eksfg Hkjr ftfe HkkbZ**
dh VhdkA mudk vuqjks/k gS fd dìk djds vc dgk gSA vkSj ;gk¡ tks eqLdjk, gSa og êqlqdkbZ*
eq>s Hkh HkfDr çnku djsaA Hkh ifjgkl ds vFkZ esa gh gSA oLrqr% ,slk ugha
rc j?kqifr cksys eqlqdkbZ A rqEg fç; eksfg Hkjr gS] tc ge lHkh bl ckr dks ekurs gSa] tkurs
ftfe HkkbZ AA gSa fd izHkq u rks vlR; Hkk"k.k djrs gSa u gh
tc çiUu ¼'kj.kkxr½ Hkko ls lqxhz oth mudh ok.kh esa Ny diV gksrk gS vkSj u gh
us Lo;a dks nhu ¼ÑikfHkyk"kh½ vkSj lk/kughu ;g mUgsa lqgkrk gS izHkq us Lo;a lqxhz oth ls dgk
Lohdkj dj fy;k rc ek;kifr Jhjketh eqLdjk gS êksfg diV Ny fNnz u Hkkok* rc fopkj
dj cksys gs HkkbZ ! rqe rks eq>s Hkjr ds leku djsa fd os Lo;a ;gk¡ ,slk vkpj.k D;ksa djsxas \
fç; gksA /;ku jgs fd mies; ls mieku ¼;gk¡ ;gk¡ mUgksuas Li"V 'kCnksa esa dgk gS fd gs HkkbZ !
Hkjrth½ lnSo Js"B ekus x;s gSaA rqe Hkjr ds leku eq>s fiz; gksA rks blesa
^rc j?kqifr cksys eqlqdkbZ& ckyh o/k ds iwoZ gh mudk rkRi;Z gS fd rqe ek= l[kk gh ugha gks
çHkq us viuh fcg¡lh ds }kjk ^^cksys fcg¡fl jke cfYd HkkbZ gksA vkSj dìk rks ijk;ksa ij dh
/kuq ikuh** lqxhz oth dks ek;kNUu dj fn;k FkkA tkrh gS] HkkbZ dk rks vf/kdkj curk gSA
vkt ek;kifr us viuh e/kqj eqLdku mUgsa blhfy;s tc lqxhz oth dh HksaV Hkjrth ls gqbZ rks
ek;keqDr djus ds fy;s fc[ksjh gSA çHkq dh ;g mUgksaus Hkh bUgsa iw.kZ HkkbZ tSlk gh lEeku fn;k
eqLdku çk;% rks viuksa ij vgSrqdh dìk djus gSA vkSj jktlHkk esa izHkq us Lo;a budk ^c[kku*
¼HkfDr nsus½ ;k fQj mUgsa viuh ek;k ls ;kus iz’ka”kk dh gS ^^rs Hkjrfg HksaVr luekus]
fodf"kZr djus ds fy;s gh izdV gksrh gS] tSls jktlHkk¡ j?kqchj c[kkus**A1@28@8 vkSj rks
fd dsoV dh vViVh ok.kh lqudj dìkfla/kq vkSj xq#th ds le{k Hkh izHkq us mUgsa Hkjrth ls
eqLdjk iM+s Fks ^^dìk fla/kq cksys êqldkbZ*] lksb d# vf/kd I;kjk dgk ^êefgr ykfx tUe bUg
tsfg ro uko u tkbZ**A2@100@1 ckn esa bUgsa gkjs] Hkjrgq rs eksfg vf/kd fi;kjs** 7@7@8A
HkfDr Hkh iznku dh gS ^^fcnk dhUg d#uk;ru blds ckn Hkh izHkq ds dgs esa fNnzkUos"k.k djuk
Hkxfr fcey c# nsbZ**A2@102 vkSj lkxj dnkfi mfpr ugha gSA
¼fla/kqth½ ij Hkh Bhd lqxhz oth ds leku gh ;ksa xksLokehth us Hkh oanuk izdj.k esa
igys Øks/k fd;k gS ^^cksys jke ldksi rc Hk; fcuq izkFkfedrk lqxhz oth dks nh gS& ^^dfiifr jhN
gksb u izhfr**5@56 rc mldh cM+cksysiu okyh fulkpj jktk] vaxnkfn ts dhl lektkA
ok.kh lqudj eqLdjk fn;s Fks& canm¡ lcds pju lqgk,] v/ke ljhj jke ftUg
^^lqur fcuhr cpu vfr dg dìky ik,**A1@17@2
êqlqdkb*A vkSj jkT;kfHk"ksd lekjksg ds bl o.kZu ij Hkh
tsfg fcf/k mrjS dfi dVdq rkr lks xkSj djsa&
dggq mikb**AA5@59 ^^Hkjrkfn vuqt foHkh"kukaxn guqenkfn lesr rs**A
/;ku jgs bu rhuksa gh mn~/k`r izlaxksa esa xgs N= pke C;tu /kuq vfl peZ lfDr
^dìkfla/kq* ^dìk;ru* vFkok ^dìkyq* in gS fcjktrs**A7@12@Na-
ijUrq dsoV ds leku lkxj vkSj lqxhz oth dks ;gk¡ N= idM+us] p¡oj Mqykus] vL=
HkfDr dk oj ugha fn;k x;k\ D;ksa dk tokc 'kL= Fkkes j[kus esa Hkjrth] muds NksVs Hkkb;ksa]
izHkq us fn;k gSA foHkh"k.kth] vaxnth] guqekuth vkfn ds ukeksa
^rqEg fiz; eksfg Hkjr ftfe HkkbZ& lqxhz oth dk ds lkFk dgha Hkh lqxhz oth ds uke dk o.kZu ugha
pfj= fp=.k ;gk¡ ftl izdkj ls gqvk gS mlls gSA blls ekuuk iM+sxk fd izHkq us mUgsa vius
lehi vklu nsdj lEekfur fd;k gSA vkSj ^tsfg fcf/k lhrk dS lqf/k ikbZ& mRlkg ds
mUgsa ije/kke Hkh vius lax ;g dg dj ys x;s vfrjsd esa lqxhz oth us blds iwoZ dg fn;k Fkk
gSa fd ^^l[ks lqxhz o! eSa rqEgkjs fcuk nsoyksd esa fd ^^lc izdkj dfjgm¡ lsodkbZ] tsfg
;k egku ije/kke esa Hkh ugha jg ldrk& fcf/k fefyfg tkudh ekbZ**A4@4@8 A fdUrq
^^l[ks J`.kq”o lqxhz o u Ro;kga foukd`r%A izHkq us muds dgs bu opuksa dk Lej.k gh ugha
xPNs;a nsoyksda ok ijea ok ina fd;kA oLrqr% Jhlhrkth dks ykdj feykus dh
egr~**AA7@108@25 ok-jk- dguk izHkq ds fy;s Hkh mfpr ugha gksrk D;ksafd
vc lksb truq djgq eu ykbZ A tsfg fcf/k yhyk lEiknu ds fy;s Lo;a mUgsa gh lhrkth dks
lhrk dS lqf/k ikbZ AA ykuk vko';d FkkA vkSj 'kkL=kuqlkj Hkh iRuh
gs HkkbZ ! vc fo"k;kfn esa HkVdus okys dk laj{k.k djuk ifr dk gh /keZ dgk x;k gSA
eu dks ,dkxz djds ogh iz;Ru djks ftlls vr% izHkq us ;gk¡ ^^lhrk dS lqf/k ikbZ** dh gh
lhrkth dh lqf/k ¼gky½ izkIr gks tk;sA vkKk nh gSA
^vc lksb trqu djgq eu ykbZ& ^vc* ls ;gk¡ nksgk&,fg fcf/k gksr crdgh vk, ckuj twFkA
rkRi;Z gS izHkq }kjk viuh izcy ek;k dk ukuk cju ldy fnfl nsf[kv dhl
fod"kZ.k dj ysus ds ckn dh fLFkfr] tSlk fd c:Fk AA21AA
ukjnth ds izlax esa izHkq us fd;k Fkk ^^fut
j?kqifrth vkSj lqxhz oth esa bl izdkj
ek;k dS izcyrk djf"k dìkfuf/k yhfUg**1@137A vReh;rk Hkjh ckrphr gks gh jgh Fkh fd nwr
^vc* in iz;qDr djds izHkq us lqxhz oth dks
dk;Z ds fy;s x;s okujksa ds tRFks ¼;wFk½ vk x;s
vk'oLr dj fn;k gS fd ^vc* esjh ek;k rqEgsa
vkSj lHkh fn'kkvksa esa vusdkusd jax] :i] o.kZ
ugha O;kisxhA ;gk¡ rks ge ;g Hkko xzg.k djuk vkSj tkfr ds okujksa dh Vksfy;k¡ gh Vksfy;k¡
iM+ jgk gS fdUrq dkdHkq'kqf.Mth ds izlax esa izHkq ¼c:Fk½ fn[kkbZ iM+us yxhA
us Li"V 'kCnksa esa mUgsa vk'oklu fn;k gS ^êk;k ^,fg fcf/k gksr crdgh& blds iwoZ ^^,fg
laHko Hkze lc ^vc* u O;kifga rksfg**A7@85
volj yfNeu iqj vk,** esa] ^,fg volj* ds
vkSj lqxhz oth dks dHkh blds ckn ek;k O;kih Hkko dks Li"V djrs gq, crk;k Fkk] fd
gks] ,slk dksbZ izlax i<+us esa Hkh ugha vkrk gSA
y{e.kth ogk¡ nwrksa ds Hkstus ds yxHkx iUnzg
êu ykbZ* fiNyh v)kZyh ds vfUre pj.k
fnu ckn igq¡ps gSaA vU;Fkk izdj.k ds vuqlkj
^^rqEg fiz; eksfg Hkjr ftfe HkkbZ** dks mijksDr rks os vkt gh lqxhz oth dks ykus ds fy;s
^^vc lksb truq djgq eu ykbZ** ds lkFk gh fdf"dU/kkiqjh igq¡ps Fks vkSj mUgsa ysdj vHkh
i<+sxas rks ;gk¡ Hkjrth ds mYys[k djus dk vHkh izHkq ds ikl vk;s gSaA vkSj ^gksr crdgh*
okLrfod Hkko mtkxj gksxkA izHkq us Hkjrthds
ls Hkh Li”V gS fd budh ckrphr vHkh lekIr
leku fiz; dgus ds lkFk gh] mUgsa mUghsa ds
ugha gqbZ gS fd lHkh fn'kkvkssa ls okuj lewg
leku ¼lksb truq½ ru eu ls fcuk jkx }S"k ds igq¡pus yx x;s A ;g ;fn ,d fnu esa gksuk
drZO; deZ djus dk Hkh funsZ'k fn;k gS& laHko gksrk rks mUgsa iUnzg fnu ds Hkhrj ykSVus
^^Hkw"ku clu Hkksx lq[k Hkwjh] eu ru cpu rts dk y{; ugha nsrs ^^dggq ik[k egq¡ vko u
fru rwjhA
tksbZ** vkSj y{; Hkh dfBu Fkk blhfy;s lqxhz oth
vo/k jkt lqjjkt flgkbZ] nljFk /kuq lqfu us ^êksjs dj rk dj c/k gksbZ** tSlh /kedh Hkh
/kutq ytkbZA
lkFk gh ns nh FkhA ;ksa okYehfd jkek;.k esa
rsfga iqj clr Hkjr fcuq jkxk] papjhd ftfe paid
rkjkth us y{e.kth dks lwfpr fd;k gS fd
ckxk**A2@323@5 ^^lqxzhoth dh iwoZd`r O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj okujksa
blds ckn lqxhz oth Hkksxksa esa fyIr gq;s gSa] ,slk
dks vkt gh ;gk¡ mifLFkr gks tkuk pkfg;s&
dksbZ izlax dgha ugha feyrk gSA ^^d`rk lqlaLFkk lkSfe=s lqxhz os.k iqjk ;FkkA
v| rSokZujS% loSZjkxUrO;a viuk&viuk lkFkZd vFkZ j[krs gSaA ekul
egkcyS%**AA4@35@21ok-jk- Lok/;k; esa ;gh ckr /;ku j[kus dh gSA
^vk, ckuj twFk& ;gk¡ dk ^ckuj twFk* vkSj ûkuk cju ldy fnfl& ^ldy fnfl* ls nks
vxyh dM+h dk ^dhl c:Fk* ;s nksuksa gh rkRi;Z gS ¼1½ os lc brus vf/kd la[;k esa gS
lekukFkhZ 'kCn gSa A ijUrq ,d gh nksgs esa ;s nks fd lHkh fn'kkvksa esa os gh os fn[kykbZ iM+rs gaSA
lekukFkhZ 'kCn ldkj.k izLrqr fd;s x;s gSa A ¼1½ ¼2½ lHkh fnXfnxar ds okuj cqyk;s x;s gSa
nwr dk;Z ds fy;s lqxhz oth us okuj ;wFk Hkstus blfy;s lHkh fn'kkvksa ls os vk;s gSa] vkSj vk;s
dk vkns'k fn;k Fkk& ^îBogq tg¡ rg¡ ckuj gh tk jgs gSaA bl vla[; HkhM+ dks ns[k ekrk
twgk** ¼twgk¾;wFk½ vr% ;gk¡ tks igys igq¡ps gSa ikoZrhth us i¡wNk fd yxHkx fdrus okuj vk
os gh nwrksa ds lewg gSa ¼2½ vkSj nwr ftUgsa x;s&
cqykus ds fy;s x;s Fks] tksfd muds ihNs vkrs ckuj dVd mek eSa ns[kk A lks ew#[k tks
fn[kkbZ Hkh ns jgs gSa mu vla[; okujksa ds fy;s dju pg ys[kk AA
;gk¡ ^^dhl c:Fk** iz;qDr gqvk gSA vkSj ;g vk'p;Z fefJr Hkko ls Hkxoku 'kadj us
^dhl c:Fk* in Hkh ;gk¡ lksís'; /;ku vkd"kZ.k dgk gs mek ! okujksa dh ml vlhe lsuk dkss
ds fy;s gh j[kk x;k gSA eSus Lo;a ns[kk gS A og rks dksbZ ew[kZ gh gksxk
ukjnth us Hkxoku fo".kq dks Jki nsrs tks mu vla[; okujksa dh x.kuk djuk pkgsxk
gq;s dgk Fkk fd rqeus rks gesa okuj cukdj A
gekjk migkl fd;k gS fdUrq ;s okuj gh rqEgkjh ckuj dVd mek eSa ns[kk & ;gk¡ ^mek eSa ns[kk*
lgk;rk djsxaAs ogk¡ mUgksaus ^dhl* in iz;qDr ;g ek= blfy;s ugha dgk x;k gS fd izR;{kn'khZ
fd;k gS ^^dfi vkd`fr rqEg dhfUg gekjh] dgus ls muds dgs dk izHkko fo'ks"k iM+ tk;sxkA
dfjgfga ^dhl* lgk; rqEgkjh**1@136@7A vr% cfYd Jhguqekuth ds Lo:i esa ogk¡ lk{kkr~
ukjnth ds opuksa dks lR; djus ds fy;s ,oa lnkf'ko gh mifLFkr gSa bls n'kkZus ds fy;s ^mek
ml gsrq ls bl vorkj dFkk dk eSa ns[kk* dgk gSA ;gh ugha] ftl czã lekt dh
lEcU/k n'kkZus ds fy;s gh ;gk¡ ^dhl* in iz;qDr lHkk esa czãkth us nsoksa dks okuj :i esa
gqvk gS A vorfjr gksus dk vkns'k fn;k Fkk ml txg
blh izdkj ^ckuj* in Hkh fof'k"V vFkZ Hkxoku f'ko Hkh mifLFkr Fks ^^rsfg lekt
j[krk gS A tc jktk izrkiHkkuq foiz Jki ds fxfjtk eSa jgsm¡] volj ikb cpu ,d
dkj.k jko.k cuk ml izlax esa czãkth us nsoksa dgsm¡**A1@184 mldh Hkh tkudkjh vkSj nksuksa
dks okuj 'kjhj /kkj.k djus dk vkns'k fn;k gS& izlaxksa esa lkeatL; ^mek eSa ns[kk* vkSj ^fxfjtk
^^fut yksdfg fcajfp xs nsoUg bgb eSa jgsm¡* ds }kjk n'kkZ;k gSA
fl[kkb**A Hkxoku 'kadj vkSj guqekuth ,d gh gSa]
^ckuj* ruq /kfj /kfj efg gfj in lsogq bls n'kkZus ds fy;s ekul esa vusdksa txg blh
tkb**AA1@187 izdkj ds ladr s feysxas ;Fkk & ^îzHkq dj iadt
bl ^ckuj twFk* ls u dsoy ml dfi ds lhlk] lqfefj lks nlk exu xkSjhlk**
vorkj dh dFkk dk 5@32@2A bls rks lHkh tkurs gS fd lq[k dh
lEcU/k LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS( cfYd ;s lc vuqHkwfr Lo;a dks gh gks ldrh gS mls 'kCnksa esa
okuj vkSj dhl mUgha nsoksa ds va'k ls leqRiUu c;ku ugha fd;k tk ldrk blhfy;s os mekth
gSa ;g Hkh ^ckuj* ls n'kkZ fn;k A xksLokehth us ls o.kZu ugha dj ik;s cfYd ml lq[k esa Lo;a
ekul esa okuj ds lekukFkhZ dfi] dhl] cUnj] exu gks x;sA blds iwoZ Hkh gq;s Fks ^îzHkq
cupj] ckuj] lk[kke`x vkfn vkfn vusd 'kCn ifgpkfu ijsm xfg pjuk] lks lq[k mek tkbZ
iz;qDr fd;s gSa os lc Hkh blh izdkj izlaxkuqdyw ufga cjuk**A4@1@5 fdUrq nksgkoyh esa mUgksaus
ladr s ksa ds LFkku ij Li"V 'kCnksa esa gh nksuksa dks iz.kke dj ldsaA vr% dksfV czãk.M uk;d ds
,d crk;k gS& Jhpj.kksa esa eLrd uok dj gh mUgsa lUrqf"V
^^tsfg ljhj jfr jke lksa lksbZ vknjfga djuh iM+ jgh gS A
lqtkuA fujf[k cnuq lc gksfga lukFkk & viuRo Hkjs
#nz nsg rft usg cl ckuj Hks Hkko vkSj lehi ls fugkjus dks gh fuj[kuk
guqeku**AA142nksgkoyh dgk x;k gS tSsls fd okRlY; Hkko esa & ^^L;ke
lks ew#[k tks dju pg ys[kk& lHkh jkek;.kksa esa xkSj lqanj nksm tksjh] ^fuj[kfg* Nfc tuuh rù
okujksa dks vla[; crk;k x;k gS& rksjh**1@197@5A ^fujf[k cnuq* ds ^cnuq* esa
^^vla[;krk% lek;kfUr gj;% dke :fi.k%A m dh ek=k yxh gsS tksfd fof’k”Vrk dh |ksrd
losZ nsoka'k lEHkwrk% losZ ;q) gssS] bldk xw<+ rkRi;Z gS fd bl le; izHkq dk
fo'kkjnk%**AA4@6@7 v-jk-AA mRrjh; ¼ihrkEcj :ih ek;k dk vkoj.k½ gVk
vFkkZr~ ioZr ds leku fo'kky 'kjhj gqvk gSA ij vafdr Hk`xt q h dh ykr ds ^^mj
okys vla[; okuj vk jgs gSaA ;s nsoksa ds va'k fclky Hk`xp
q ju* pk# vfr lwpr
ls mRiUu bPNkuqlkj :i /kkj.k djus okys vkSj dkseyrkbZ**fcu;062A dh ykr blfy;s mu lc
;q) fo'kkjn gSaA ;ksa okujksa dks papy o`fRr dk ckujksa dks muds cnu vkSj cnu ds JhfpUg~uksa
dgk x;k gS ^^dfi papy lcgh fcf/k dk n'kZu fey jgs gSaA Jhlqea=th Hkh blh izdkj
ghuk**5@6@7 vr,o x.kuk gsrq bu vla[; ls nqyZHk n'kZu ikus okyksa esa gSaA cuokl okys
okujksa dks iafDr c) cuk;s j[kuk Hkh ,d fnu tc os m"kkdky esa gh izHkq dks fyok ykus
nq"dj dk;Z le> esa vkrk gSA vr% ^^lks ew#[k ds fy;s muds egy esa x;s Fks rc izHkq ihrkEcj
tks dju pg ys[kk** dgkA jko.k ds nwr 'kqd us jfgr gksus ls mUgsa Hkh bUgha ds Jhvaxksa ds n'kZu
Hkh 'kadjth ds rtZ ij gh ;wFkifr;ksa dh la[;k gq;s gsaS ^^fujf[k ^cnuq* dg Hkwi jtkbZ] j?kqdqy
gh vBkjg ine ¼180000000000000½ nhifg pysm ysokbZ** 2@38@7 cpiu eas rks
crkbZ gS ^înqe vBkjg twFki canj**A jko.k ds izHkq ds Jhvaxksa dks o Hk`xp q j.kksa ds n’kZu lHkh
le{k og ew[kZ 'kCn rks iz;ksx ugha dj ldrk ekrkvksa dks gq;s gSa ^^mj efugkj ifnd dh
Fkk] fdUrq prqjkbZ ls dg fn;k fd jketh dh lksHkk]fciz pju ns[kr eu yksHkk**1@198@6
iwjh lsuk dk o.kZu djuk rks lkS djksM+ yksxksa ds fdUrq fookgksijkUr ekrk dkS'kY;kth dks Hkh mlh
fy;s Hkh vlaHko dk;Z gS ^îwfNgq ukFk jke dVdkbZ] ^cnu fnu blh fLFkfr esa gh n'kZu gq;s Fks ^^lknj
dksfV lr* cjfu u tkbZ**A 5@53@5A lqUnj ^cnuq* fugkjh] cksyh e/kqj cpu
vkb jke in ukofga ekFkkA fujf[k cnuq lc egrkjh**A2@51@6 lqrh{.kth Hkh ,sls gh
gksfga lukFkk AA lkSHkkX;’kkfy;ksa esa gSa os rks n’kZu ikdj vokd
lc ogk¡ vkrs gh vk vkdj gh jg x;s ^^jke* cnuq fcyksd eqfu <k<+k]
JhjkepUnzth ds pj.kksa esa eLrd uokrs gSa vkSj ekugq¡ fp= ek> fyf[k dk<+k**A3@9@24
leLr okuj Jhj?kqukFkth ds Jhvaxksa ds n'kZu ^lc gksfga lukFkk*& lHkh okuj nsoksa ds va'k ls
ikdj Lo;a dks lEHkwr gSa bl rF; dks igys Hkh lizek.k
lukFk&/kU; eku jgs gSaA nksgjk;k tk pqdk gSA nsoksa ls rkRi;Z mu iwoZ
^vkb jke in ukofga ekFkk& ge Hkkjrh;ksa dks tUe ds mu lqd`r'kkyh tukssa ls gS ftUgsa vius
rks dqEHk esys okyh iq.;ksa ds QyLo:i LoxZ esa LFkku feyk gqvk gSA
,dk/k djksM+ dh HkhM+ gh vijEikj yxrh gS] vkSj okuj ds :i esa ;gk¡ os gh ;kus lHkh LoxZ
;gk¡ rks ;wFkifr ¼Vksyh uk;d½ gh inqe vBkjg ds fuoklh lxq.kksikld HkDrx.k gh] mifLFkr
dgs x;s gSa A ml HkhM+ ds dkj.k ogk¡ bruk Hkh gq;s gSa] ftUgsa fd vorkj ds le; izHkq ds lkFk
LFkku ugha jgk fd lc dksbZ vkdj lk"Vkax jgus dh] muds n'kZu ikus dh vfHkyk"kk jgrh
gSA blfy;s ;s lqd`rh yksx eks{k&yksHk dks ^^cupj nsg /kjh fNfr ekgha] vrqfyr cy izrki frUg
R;kxdj ,sls volj dh izrh{kk esa jgrs gSa ikgha**A
^^lxqu mikld lax rg¡ jgfg eksPN lq[k fxfj r# u[k vk;q/k lc chjk] gfj ekjx fprofga
R;kxh**4@26 Hkxoku Jhd`”.k us Hkh xhrkth esa efr/khjk**1@187@4
dgk gS fd esjs ;s n’kZu vR;Ur nqyZHk og lkSHkkX;'kkyh volj cjlksa ckn vkt mUgsa
^lqnqnZ’kfen~* gSa] eq>s u rks osnksa ls] u ri ls] u feyk gSA vkSj ,sls esa izHkq muls dqN cksys gh
nku ls vkSj u ;K ls gh ns[kk tk ldrk gS ugha] mudh vksj rkdsa gh ugha rks HkDr ân;
^ûkga osnSuZ rilk u nkusu u psT;;k] ‘kD; dh D;k n'kk gksxh \ vr% Jhjketh us mu
,oafo/ksnz”Vqa**A ijUrq bl izdkj eSa dsoy vuU; lHkksa dh] ,d ,d dh dq'ky&{kse i¡wNhA
Hkfä ls gh rÙo ls tkuus esa] ns[kus esa vkSj ^jke dqly tsfg iwNh ukgha& foxr iwoZ dh
izos’k djus ‘kD; gw¡ ^^HkoR;k RouU;;k ‘kD; v)kZyh esa okujksa dh x.kuk dks vlaHko Bgjkrs
vgesoafo/ks·tqZu**11@54 blhfy;s izHkq Hkh bUgsa gq;s fVIi.kh dh xbZ Fkh ^^lks ew#[k tks dju
bl izdkj ds ¼ihrkEcj jfgr½ n'kZu nsdj pg ys[kk**A ,sls esa vc dgk x;k gS fd ml
d`rkFkZ djrs gSaA xksfi;k¡ Hkxoku Jhd`".k ds lsuk esa ,slk dksbZ dfi ugha jgk ftldh dq'ky
n'kZuksa ls ftl izdkj d`rkFkZ gksrh Fkha] ogh Hkko {kse Lo;a jkethus u iw¡Nh gksA bls i<+ ;k
;gk¡ ^lukFkk* in dk gSA ;s lc ckuj Hkh lqudj fdlh dks Hkh vpjt gksuk LokHkkfod gS
{kf.kd le; ds fy;s gh D;ksa u gks] izHkq ds A ekrk ikoZrh dks Hkh gks jgk gS] fdUrq ;g
pUnz cnu dks fuj[k dj Lo;a dks dqy C;kgrk muds }kjk iwNs x;s nlosa iz'u ^^cgqjh dggq
ds leku lukFk ¼ifr;qDr½ eku jgs gSaA d#uk;ru dhUg tks ^vpjt* jke**A1@110 dk
vl dfi ,d u lsuk ekghaA jke dqly tsfg gh izR;qRrj gS A ;kusa jketh }kjk lEikfnr
iwNh ukgha AA vusdkusd vpjt Hkjs dk;ksZ esa ls ,d dk
gs mek ! ml okuj okfguh esa ,d Hkh mnkgj.k Hkxoku f’ko us ;gk¡ fn;k gSA oLrqr%
dfi ,slk ugha jgk ftlls Jhjketh us Lo;a tgk¡ Hkh iz’uksÙkfj yxs ;k mek] fxfjtk] ikoZrh]
dq'ky u iwNh gksA Hkokuh ;k 'kSytk vkfn lEcks/kuksa ls of.kZr dksbZ
^vl dfi ,d u lsuk ekgha& okuj nsoksa ls izlax gks rks tku ysosa fd ogk¡ ekrk ikoZrhth
leqRiUu gSa bldk ladr s fiNyh v/kkZyh esa fd;k }kjk dh xbZ fdlh ftKklk dk gh lek/kku gqvk
FkkA ;gk¡ muds fy;s ^dfi* in iz;qDr gqvk gS] gSA ekrk us jketh ds jgL;ksa dks tkuus dh Hkh
ftldk vFkZ gS ^^tks Hkxon jl dk fujUrj bPNk izdV dh Fkh ^^vkSjm jke jgL; vusdk]
iku djus ok djkus okys ^^Lo;efi rnuqHkoa dggq ukFk vfr fcey fccsdk**A1@118@3 vkSj
lq[kfuo`Zfra ikfr ficrhfr ok bfr dfi%**A vxyh pkSikbZ esa u dsoy jketh dk jgL;
Jhijk'kj HkV~Vkpk;Z A rRor% blh rF; dk izdV fd;k x;k gS cfYd vla[; okujksa ls HksaV
fu:i.k xksLokehth us izkjEHk ds eaxykpj.k djuk vkSj mudh dq'ky {kse iwNuk dSls laHko
'yksd esa dj j[kk gS ^^/kU;kLrs d`fru% ficfUr gqvk] gS bldk Li"Vhdj.k Hkh fd;k gSA
lrra~ Jhjkeukeke`re~**A4@e0'yksd2A vUrj ;g dNq ufga izHkq db vf/kdkbZA fcLo:i
bruk gh gS fd ;gk¡ ^dfi* in iz;qDr fd;k gS C;kid j?kqjkbZ AA
rks ogk¡ eaxykpj.k esa ^^/kU;kLrs d`frua%** in ekrk ds eq[kkjfcUn ij vk;s foLe;
dgk x;k gSA Hkko dks ns[k Hkxoku vk'kqrks"k us jgL;ksn~?kkVu
dfi Lo:i ;s lqd`rh tu ¼iq.;kRek,a½ fd;k gs ! ;g izHkq ds fy;s dqN Hkh cM+h ckr
LoxZyksd R;kxus ds ckn ls gh vkrqjrk ls izHkq ugha gS D;ksafd jk?kosUnz ljdkj Lo;a gh fo'o#i
dh izrh{kk dj jgs Fks& gksdj pjkpj esa O;kIr gSa] loZO;kid gS A
^;g dNq ufga izHkq db vf/kdkbZ& izHkq ds ,s'o;Z Hkh yadk ngu ds ckn] izHkq ls ;gh dgk gS ^^lks
dk fnXn’kZu djkus okyk] blh izdkj dk izlax] lc rc izrki j?kqjkbZ] ukFk u dNq eksfj
v/;ks/;kdk.M esa Hkh gS & izHkqrkbZ**A5@32@9 A D;ksafd mUgksaus Lo;a ns[kk
^^lkuqt fefy iy egq¡ lc dkgw] dhUg nwj nq[ k Fkk fd izHkq dh izsj.kk ls mupklksa e#r ,d
nk#u nkgw A lkFk py iM+s Fks] bls ns[k dj gh mUgksaus
;g cM+h ckr jke dS ukgha]ftfe ?kV dksfV ,d vêgkl fd;k Fkk ^^gfj izsfjr rsfg volj pys
jfc Nkgha**A2@243@4 e#r mupkl A vêgkl dfj xtkZ dfi cf<+
/;ku ls voyksdu djsa rks lHkh dk.Mksa ykx vdkl**A5@25 yadkdk.M esa lsrqca/k
esa bl izdkj ds jke&jgL; ;qDr izlax fey fuekZ.k ds le; tM+ iRFkjksa dk rSj tkuk
tk;sxaAs lcls igyk vpjt Hkjk vuqHko rks ^^Jhj?kqchj izrki rsa fla/kq rjs ik"kk.k**A6@3 ;k
lrh Lo:i esa ekrk ikoZrhth dks gh gqvk Fkk vla[; okujksa dk gok esa mM+ iM+uk ,oa mu
^^tg¡ fprofga rg¡ izHkq vklhuk] lsofga fl) vusdkusdksa dks leqnz ikj djkus ds fy;s fo’kky
equhl izchuk**A1@53@6A blh ckydk.M esa] typjksa ¼àsykfn cM+s eRL;½ dk gh LrfEHkr gks
ekrk dkS'kY;kth dks Hkh izHkq us vn~Hkqr :i tkuk ^^lsrq
fn[kyk;k Fkk & ca/k Hkb Hkhj vfr dfi uHk iaFk mM+kfga] vij
^^ns[kjkok ekrfg fut ^vn~Hkqr* :i typfjUg mij pf<+ pf<+ ikjfg tkfga** 6@4 vFkok
v[kaM A ^lc r# Qjs jke fgr ykxh] fjrq v# dqfjrq dky
jkse jkse izfr ykxs dksfV dksfV xfr R;kxh** tSls vusd izlax gSa A
czã.M** A 1@201 mÙkjdk.M esa Hkh Bhd ,slk gh izlax gS
vkb;s yxs gkFk 'ks"k pkjdk.Mksa ds Hkh tSlk fd ;gk¡ ppkZ dh tk jgh gS] vkSj Bhd
mnkgj.k ns[k ysaosa A vj.;dk.M esa] vla[; blh izdkj dk mnkgj.k v;ks/;kdk.M esa Hkh
eqfu tuksa us izHkq dks Lo;a ds gh lEeq[k ns[kk izLrqr fd;k Fkk&
vkSj mUgsa viuh vksj gh rkdrs gq;s ik;k ^êqfu ^îzsekrqj lc yksx fugkjh] dkSrqd dhUg dìky [kjkjh
lewg eg¡ cSBs lUeq[k lcdh vksj**A3@12 ogha A
ij pkSng gtkj f=f'kjkfn jk{klksa ds o/k esa Hkh vfer :i izxVs rsfg dkyk] tFkk tksx feys lcfg
izHkq dk dkSrqd ns[kus fey tks;xk & dìkykA7@5@5
^^lqjeqfu lHk; izHkq nsf[k ek;kukFk vfr vkSj Hkh vusd izlax gS fdUrq JhdkdHkq'kqf.Mth
^dkSrqd* dj;ksA dks fn[kyk;s x;s vn~Hkqr :i dk mYys[k fd;s
ns[kfga ijLij jke dfj laxkz e fjiq ny yfj fcuk izlax dk lekiu djuk mfpr ugha yx
ej;ks**A3@20@N- jgk gS&
p¡wfd lqUnjdk.M iouiq= Jhguqekuth ^^tks ufga ns[kk ufga lquk tks eugw¡ u
dks lefiZr gS vr,o blesa jketh dk pfj= lekbA
vfr la{ksi esa gSA ijUrq /;ku jgs] lqUnjdk.M lks lc vn~Hkqr ns[ksm¡ cjfu
ds izkjEHk esa gh Jhguqekuth dks izHkq ds gLr dofu fcf/k tkbZ**AA7@80
dey dk ck.k dgk x;k gS ^^ftfe veks?k bldk jlkLoknu ogha djsaA
j?kqifr dj ckuk] ,fg Hkk¡fr pysm guqekuk**A fcLo:i C;kid j?kqjkbZ & Kku?kkV ds Jksrk
vr% buds }kjk lEiUu lkjs dk;ksZ dks izHkq }kjk ¼ikoZrhth½ vkSj oDrk ¼f'koth½ nksuksa gh
gh lEikfnr ekuuk pkfg;s vkSj Hkxoku f'ko us ijeKkuh gS ^^Jksrk cDrk X;kufuf/k dFkk jke
fuf'kpjh flafgdk ds o/k esa ,slk gh dgk gS dS xw<+**A1@30 vr,o jke jgL; ds bl xw<+
rÙo dks Hkxoku lnkf’ko us osn lEEkr bu nks
^^mek u dNq dfi dS vf/kdkbZ] izHkq izrki tks
rhu 'kCnksa esa dg fn;k vkSj ekrk ikoZrhth dk
dkyfg [kkbZ**A5@2@9 vkSj Lo;a guqekuth us
lek/kku Hkh gks x;k A fdUrq egkif.Mr dgs
tkus okys jko.k ds le{k eUnksnjh us blh rRo dkj.k ,d txg fVds ugha ldrs vr% budh
dks osnksDr fojkV&iq#"k ds Lo:i esa lfoLrkj x.kuk lEHko ugha gS A bl v)kZyh ls og
o.kZu fd;k gS& ^^fcLo#i j?kqcal efu /kkj.kk [kjh ugha mrjrh A ;ksa Hkh lqxzhoth ds
djgq cpu fcLoklqAA vkg~oku ij ;s lc le;kof/k esa gh ogk¡ igq¡p
yksd dYiuk csn dj vax vax izfr x;s FksA vkSj vkxs Hkh tks okuj lhrkth dh
tklq**AA6@14 [kkst esa rhu fn'kkvksa esa x;s Fks] os lc ,d
blds mijkUr Hkh os mls le>kus esa vleFkZ ekg dh le;kof/k esa gh ykSV Hkh vk;s FksA vr%
jgh ;k laHkor% jko.k gh le>uk ugha pkgrk ;s p¡py o`fŸk ds ugha gSa cfYd vkKkdkjh gSaA
Fkk\ [kSj tks gks& blh O;kid rÙo dk fu:i.k blhfy;s bUgsa Hkxon~ jl ds jfld iwoZtUe ds
Kku?kkV ds leku gh vU; rhu ?kkV ds vkpk;ksZa lqd`fr ^dfi* dgk gSA
us Hkh vius&vius <ax ls fd;k gSA HkfDr ?kkV vk;lq ikÃ dg lqxzho lcfg leq>kÃ & ;gk¡
ds vkpk;Z JhdkdHkq'kqf.Mth ds 'kCnkuqlkj& nsgjh nhid ij j[kk ^vk;lq ikÃ* in 'ys"kd
^^C;kid C;kI; v[kaM vuark] vf[ky gSA tSls ;wFkifr;ksa ds vkns’k ij okuj ^Bk<+s
veks?klfä HkxoarkA tg¡ rg¡* [kM+s jg x;s oSls gh ;gk¡ Jhjketh us
çÑfr ikj çHkq lc mj cklh] czã fujhg fcjt lqxhz oth ls dgk fd okujksa dks mfpr vkKk
vfcuklh**A7@71@7 rqEgha nks] ^^RoesokKki; foHkks ee dk;Z
deZ ?kkV ds vkpk;Z ;kKoYD;th dh fofuÜp;e~** Okk0jk0 4@40@14A jketh ls
/kkj.kk esas ‘kkjnkth Hkh ftudh dBiqryh gSa os vkKk ikdj gh lqxhz oth us okujksa dks lEcksf/kr
lcds ân;LFk jketh gh lalkj ds lw=/kkj gSa fd;k vr% ^vk;lq ikÃ* lqxhz oth ds fy;s Hkh
^^lkjn nk#ukfj le Lokeh] jkeq lw=/kj gSA ^leq>kÃ* in esa okYehfd jkek;.k esa of.kZr
vUrjtkeh** 1@104@5 vkSj nSU;?kkV ds ikWap lxksZa dk fupksM+ gS A çFke pkj lxksZa esa
vkpk;Z JhxksLokehth us bu lHkh vkpk;ksZa ds rks lqxhz oth us pkjksa fn'kkvksa esa tkus okyh
er dk fuokZg ftl dq'kyrk ls ,d iafDr esa Vksfy;ksa dks mldh fn'kk esa iM+us okys LFkkuksa dk
fd;k gS fd mldh ç'kalk ds fy;s 'kCn gh ugha fooj.k le>k;k gSA vkSj ikaposa lxZ esa
tqM+rs ^^lh; jke e; lc tx tkuh] djm¡ Jhjketh ds iwNus ij fd rqe leLr Hkw.My ds
çuke tksjh tqx ikuh**A LFkkuksa dk ifjp; dSls tkurs gks ^^dFka Hkoku~
Bk<+s tg¡ rg¡ vk;lq ikÃA dg lqxzho lcfg fotkuh rs loZa oSe.Mya Hkqo%**4@46@1A
leq>kÃ AA lqxhz oth us ckyh }kjk [knsM+s tkus ij dSls os
vius ;wFkifr dk vkns'k ikdj leLr leLr Hkwe.My ij HkVdrs jgs bldk fooj.k
okujx.k tgk¡ ds rgk¡ ¼vuq'kklu c} gksdj½ fn;k gS A xksLokehth us bu lcdks ,d
[kM+s gks x;s A jketh dh vkKk ikdj lqxhz oth ^leq>kbZ* in esa mdsjk fn;kA
us le>krs gq;s dgk & jke dktq v# eksj fugksjk A ckuj twFk tkgq
Bk<+s tg¡ rg¡ vk;lq ikÃ & bl iafDr ds }kjk pgq¡ vksjk AA
ekuldkj us lwfpr fd;k gS fd ;s okujx.k ;g txnh'oj Jhjketh dk dk;Z gS vkSj
drÃ papyo`fŸk ds ugha gSa tSlk fd vU; esjk Hkh vuqjks/k ¼fugksjk½ gS gs okuj oÙn! vki
jkek;.kksa esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS ¼fun'kZ;u~ Loka çÑfra lHkh fn'kkvksa esa tk;as&
dihuke~**5@10@54 Okk0jk0½A mfpr jke dktq v# eksj fugksjk & bl v)kZyh ls
fn'kkfunsZ'ku feyus ij os iw.kZr;k vuq'kkflr vkSj fo'ks"kdj ^jke dktq* ¼dkt$m½ in ls
gksdj dk;Z dj ldrs gSa A blds iwoZ ^^lks Li"V /ofur gS fd lqxhz oth vius fugksjs
ewj[k tks dju pg ys[kk** dh Vhdk esa /kkj.kk ¼[kq'kken½ ds lkFk&lkFk bu okujksa dks mudk
O;Dr dh x;h Fkh fd ;s viuh p¡py o`fŸk ds ije iquhr drZO; Hkh Lej.k fnyk jgs gSa A
drZO; dgus dk vfHkizk;% gS fd bu okuj :ih fudyus dk rks blesa layXu okuj ohjksa :ih
nsoksa ds d"V fuokj.k gsrq gh jketh us vorkj HkDrksa dk Hkko vius vki Li"V gks tk;sxkA
xzg.k fd;k gS ^^lqj dkt /fkj ujjkt ruq pys 'kkL=ksa esa ijksidkj gsrq Lo;a dks ladV esa Mkyuk
nyu [ky fuflpj vuh** 2@126 NanA ^ûj ije /keZ dgk x;k gS A dkenso us Hkh Lo;a ds
ruq /kjsgq lar lqj dktk**2@126@7A vkSj bu izk.k ladV esa Mkyus ds iwoZ ;gh ckr dgh gS
nsoksa us Hkh okuj :ih pksyk jkedkt ds fufeÙk ^^rnfi djc eSa dktq rqEgkjk] Jqfr dg îje
gh /kkj.k dj j[kk gS& /kje* midkjk**A1@83@1 vkSj lhrkth dh j{kk
^^jke dkt yfx ro esa vkSj tVk;qth ds izk.k gkse gq;s rks ogk¡ mls
vorkjk**A jkedkt dh gh laKk nh xbZ ^^jkedkt* dkju
^jkedkt* vkSj ^lhrk[kkst* ;s fo'ks"k vFkZ j[kus ruq R;kxh] gfjiqj x;sm ije cM+
okyh nks laKk, HkfDrewyd vj.;dk.M dh vkSj Hkkxh**A4@26@8 pw¡fd Jhlhrkth dh [kkst dk
fdf"da/kkdk.M dh nsu gS A blds iwoZ ds dk.Mksa dk;Z lqUnjdk.M rd pyk gS blhfy;s ogk¡ Hkh
esa ugha Fkh vkSj u gh vkxs ds dk.Mksa esa lhrk ^^jke dktq dfj fQfj eSa vkokSa** ;k ^^dhUgsfl
lqf/k feyus ds ckn feysxhA 'kcjhth ds C;kt jkepUnz dj dktk**5@27@4 vk;k gSA vr%
ls izHkq us tks ûo/kk HkfDr* dgh gSA oLrqr% ukSosa vkSj nlosa Hkqou esa of.kZr HkDrksa ds y{k.k
ml HkfDr dks vius thou esa mrkjus dk lrr Hkh gekjs fy;s lkFkZd gS ^^voxqu rft lcds
iz;kl djuk gh ^lhrk [kkst* gS A vkSj xqu xggha] fciz /ksuq fgr ladV lggha** ;g
ijksidkj dh n`f"V ls ;kus fd Qy dh dkeuk ukSaoka Hkqou tgk¡ lHkh okujksa ds fy;s gS] rks
u j[krs gq;s] tks dk;Z fd;k tk;s mls gh ^jke nlosa Hkqou esa of.kZr leLr fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"kdj
dkt* dh laKk nh xbZ gSA guqekuth ,oa foHkh"k.kth ds fy;s gaS& ^ûhfr
bUgsa Li"V le>us ds fy;s okYehfdth us fuiqu ftUg db tx yhdk] ?kj rqEgkj frUg dj
izHkq dks tks pkSng Hkqou lq>k;sa gSa mUgsa le>uk euq uhdk**2@130@2A
vko';d gSA oLrqr% ogk¡ okYehfdth us pkSng ckuj twFk tkgq pgq¡ vksjk & Lo;a fopkj djsa
Hkqouksa ds ek/;e ls pkSng izdkj ds HkDrksa ds fd bu okujksa dks pkjksa fn'kkvksa esa tkus dh D;ksa
y{k.k dgs gSa A vkSj rkjhQ dh ckr ;g gS fd dgh xbZ\ tcfd lHkh tkurs gSa fd jko.k
bu pkSng dks ekul ds lkr dk.Mksa esa ckaVk Jhlhrkth dks nf{k.k fn'kk dh vksj ys x;k gSA
x;k gSA izR;sd dk.M ds iwokZ/kZ esa ,d rks ;g lwpuk loZizFke JhtVk;wth us jketh dks nh
mÙkjk/kZ esa Hkh ,d] bl izdkj nks&nks Js.kh ds gS ^^yS nfPNu fnfl x;m xkslkbZ**3@30 vkSj
HkDrksa ds y{k.k izLrqr fd;s x;s gSa A bl Lo;a lqxzhoth us Hkh mUgsa ml vksj tkrs ns[kk
oxhZdj.k ds vuqlkj ;g fdf"dU/kk pkSFkk dk.M Fkk ^^xxu iaFk ns[kh eSa tkrk**A vkSsj os ;g Hkh
gqvk vkSj blds mÙkjk)Z esa ^^jkedktq** in tkurs gSa fd ckyh dk fe= jko.k gh gekjk
vk;k gSsA vr% okYehfdth }kjk n'kkZ;k x;k ;g o/; ¼y{;½ gS ^^lfg ns'kLrq o/;L; jko.kL;
vkBok¡ Hkqou ¼vkBosa izdkj ds HkDr½ gekjs nqjkReu% 4@41@25A bu lc tkudkfj;ksa ds
izlaxkuqdy w cSBrk gS& mijkUr Hkh okujksa dks lHkh fn'kkvksa esa Hkstuk]
^^tuuh le tkufga ijukjh] /kuq ijko fo"k rsa ;g vius vkiesa iznf'kZr djrk gS fd bl [kkst
fo"k HkkjhA dk rkRi;Z dqN vkSj gSA vkSj oLrqr% og gS
ts gj"kfga ij laifr ns[kh] nqf[kr gksfga ij fcifr HkfDr dh [kkstA Hkxoku 'kadj ds bl
fcls"kh**A2@129@7 fl)kUrkuqlkj ^^gfj C;kid loZ= lekuk] izse
bl ^^tuuh le** dk Hkko Jhlhrk eS¸;k ls rsa izxV gksfga eSa tkuk**A 1@84@5 Hkxoku]
yxk ysaos vkSj ^^nqf[kr gksfga ij fcifr fcls"kh** Hktu vkSj HkfDr ds fy;s fn'kk ;k LFkku dk
ls lhrkth ds nq%[k fuokj.k gsrq ^jkedkt* ij dksbZ
ca/ku ugha gSA lHkh fn'kkvksa esa okujksa dks ek;k**1@151@4A vr% bUgsa HkfDr Hkko ls ,oa
Hkstdj ge lHkh HkDrksa dks vk'oLr fd;k gS fd iq=or gksdj [kkstus dk mins'k fd;k x;k gSA
HkfDr dgha Hkh djks] dSls Hkh djks] og O;FkZ Jhguqekuth us Hkh bUgsa ekrk ekudj gh
ugha tk;sxhA blls ‘kkfUr :ik lhrk vo’; [kkstk gS vkSj lHkh txg mUgsa ekrk lEcks/ku gh
feysaxhA ;gh yxsxk fd vU; fn'kkvksa esa x;s fn;k gS ^^rc guqear dgk lquq Hkzkrk] ns[kh pgm¡
okuj foQy jgs mUgsa rks lhrkth feyh gh ugha] tkudh ekrk**A5@7@4 HkfDr ekxZ dh vksj
mudh rks nqxfZ r gqbZ] ijUrq ,slk ugha gS b'kkjk djus ds fy;s gh ogka ds Hkouksa dks eafnj
Jhxhrkth esa Hkxoku Jhd`”.k us dgk gS fd dgk x;k ^^ eafnj eafnj izfr dfj
dY;k.kdkjh dk;Z djus okyk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr lks/kk] ns[ks tg¡ rg¡ vxfur tks/kk**A vkSj HkDrksa
nqxfZ r dks ugha tkrk gS ^û fg dY;k.k ds fy;s mudk eu gh efUnj gS bldk [kqyklk
d`Rdf’pn~ nqxfZ ra rkr xPNfr**6@40 vr,o okYehfdth }kjk n'kkZ;s x;s ukSosa Hkqou dks ns[kus
yadk fot; ds ckn bu lHkh okujksa dks ls gks tk;sxk] tksfd #nzkorkj ;kus guqekuth
Jhlhrk&eS¸;k ds n'kZu gq;s gSa & dks gh lefiZr gS &
^^dg j?kqchj dgk ee ekugq] lhrfg l[kk i;knsa ^^Lokfe l[kk firq ekrq xqj ftUg ds lc
vkugqA rqEg rkr A
ns[kgq¡ dfi ^tuuh* dh ukbZa] fcgfl dgk j?kqukFk êu efUnj* frUg dsa clgq lh; lfgr
xkslkbZa**A6@107@12 nksm Hkzkr**A2@130A
tudlqrk dgq¡ [kkstgq tkbZ A ekl fnol eg¡ ;ksa Hkh ^dgq¡* in dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ^^dgha** gh gS
vk,gq HkkbZ AA ^^dgq¡ dgq¡ c`f"V lkjnh Fkksjh**A ^dgq*¡ esa Hkko gS
gs Hkkb;ksa ! tudlqrk ¼txt~tuuh fd mUgsa dgha Hkh [kkstks os loZ= miyC/k gSaA
tkudhth½ dks dgha Hkh tkdj [kkstksA fdUrq ,d ekl fnol egq¡ vk,gq HkkbZ & Jhen~Hkkxorth
ekl ¼rhl fnu½ ds Hkhrj gh okil vk tkukA esa] ^^lIrkg Jo.k** vof/k dks tks egRo izkIr
tud lqrk dgq¡ [kkstgq tkbZ & oanuk izdj.k esa gS Bhd ogh vfHkizk; ekul esa ^êkl&fnol**
xksLokehth us Jhlhrkth dk ifjp; txr dh dk gS A JhHkkxorth esa jktk ijhf{kr :ih
tuuh vkSj fueZy efr iznku djusokyh dg dj ^tho* dks 'kjhj {k.k Hkaxjq gksus dk cks/k djk;k
fn;k gS ^^tudlqrk tx tufu tkudh] vfrl; x;k gSA mlesa xw<+ Hkko gS fd izR;sd izk.kh
fiz; d#ukf/kku dh**A rkds tqx in dey lIrkg dss lkr fnuksa esa ls fdlh ,d fnu e`R;q
eukom¡] tklq dìk fujey efr dks vo'; izkIr gks tk;sxk A
ikom¡**A1@17@8 vkSj fp=dwV esa bUgsa Li"V blh {k.k&Hkaxjq rk dh xksLokehth us Hkh vius
HkfDr Lo:ik dgk gS& ^^lkuqt lh; lesr <ax ls O;k[;k dh gS&
izHkq jktr iju dqVhjA ^^y?kq thou lacqr iap nlk] dyikar u ukl xqekuq
^Hkxfr* X;kuq cSjkX; tuq lksgr /kjs vlk**A7@101@Nan
ljhj**AA2@321AA ^^yo fues"k ijekuq tqx cj"k dyi lj
tudlqrk dgus esa lqxhz oth dk vfHkizk; paMA
Hkh ;gh gS fd ;g tkudhth vkSj dksbZ ugha bl Hktfl u eu rsfg jke dks dkyq tlq
txr dh tuuh gS tSlk fd vHkh Åij jketh dksnaM**A6@10A
us Hkh dgk gS ^^ns[kgq¡ dfi tuuh dh ukbZa**A tc flQZ ^êkl** dgus ls gh ,dekg
vkSj euqth ds le{k Hkh mUgsa tx dk iwjk vFkZ fudyrk gS] dksbZ deh ugha jgrh]
mitk;k¾txrtuuh gh dgk x;k ^^vkfn lfDr rc Hkh bl v)kZyh esa blds lkFk ^^fnol** in
tsfga ^tx mitk;k*] lksm vorfjfg eksfj ;g j[kk x;k gsS] og blh Hkko dks O;Dr djus ds
fy;s gh fd fdlh ,d frfFk ij e`R;q lqfuf'pr
gSA Jhjketh us lqxzhoth dks Jhlhrk&[kkst dh [kqlken dj jgs gSa ¼jke dktq v# eksj fugksjk½
dksbZ lqfuf'pr vof/k ugha nh FkhA vr,o blhfy;s lcdks HkkbZ dgdj lEcksf/kr fd;k gS
lqxhz oth ls izekn gks x;kA fdUrq mUgksaus vius ¼ekl fnol egq¡ vk,gq HkkbZ½ fonkbZ ds ,sls
vuq;kb;ksa dks xyrQgeh esa ugha j[kk A igys LusgflDr {k.kksa esa Hkyk dksbZ ekjus dh /kedh
gh lps"V dj fn;k fd ^êkl fnol egq¡ vk,gq nsxk \ ;g u rks rdZ lEer gS vkSj u gh uhfr
HkkbZ**A ^HkkbZ* in esa vuqjks/k Hkh gS vkSj Hkfä ;qDr yxrk gSA vkSj tc Lo;a d#.kkfu/kku
ekxZ ds lHkh vuq;k;h HkkbZ ;k xq# HkkbZ gSa bl ije iq:"kksÙke Jhjketh gh le{k gkas rks ,slh
ukrs ls ^HkkbZ* lEcks/ku fn;k gSA guqekuth us v'kksHkuh; vkSj dVqok.kh dk iz;ksx Hkyk dksbZ
Hkh blh ukrs ls foHkh”k.kth dks Hkzkrk dgk gS dSls dj ldrk gS \
^^rc guqear dgk lquq ^Hkzkrk*] ns[kh pgm¡ vkob cfufg lks eksfg ejk,¡ & mijksDr /kkj.kk
tkudh ekrk**5@7@4 dks cy iznku djus okys ladr s blh pkSikbZ esa
vof/k esfV tks fcuq lqf/k ik,¡ A vkob cfufg lks ekStwn gS tSls ^êsfV** in gS ;g izk;% HkkX; ds
eksfg ejk,¡ A vFkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^rqEg lu ^fefVfg* fd
le;kof/k ;fn Jhlhrkth lqf/k ik;s fcf/k ds vadk**A1@96@8 ;k ^ûkFk cpu iqfu
fcuk chr xbZ ,slk ckud ¼la;ksx½ cuk rks eq>s êsfV* u tkgh**A1@76@1 vkSj ^cfufg* in&
ejok nsaxs A vFkok≤kof/k feVkdj ¼O;rhr la;ksx cuuk ;k ckud cuuk ds vFkZ esa vk;k
dj tks fcuk lqf/k ik;s vk;sxk mldks eq>s gSA ckyh us izHkq ls dgk gS ^^cgqfj fd izHkq vl
ejokuk iM+sxkA ^cfufg* cukok**4@9@5A lqxhz oth dk rkRi;Z
vof/k essfV tks fcuq lqf/k ik,¡ & ok- jk-] v- ;fn ;gk¡ ejokus dk gh gksrk rks os êksfg* in
jk- esa lqxhz oth us ds LFkku ij êksjs* dg ldrs Fks] igys dgk Hkh
vof/k fcrk dj ykSVus okyksa dks Lo;a ds gkFkksa gS ^êksjs dj rk dj
ls c/k djus dh /kedh nh gS ^^Å/oZ eklkUu c/k gksbZ**A rc okD; gks tkrk ^^vkob lks
oLrO;a olu~ o/;ks HkosUee** 4@40@70 ok-jkA cfufg eksjs ejk,a**A fQj bl lukru HkfDr
^êklknw/oZa fnua Hkosr~] rnk izk.kkfUrd n.Ma eu% ekxZ esa dBksjrk dk D;k dke\ blesa rks
izkIL;Fk okujk%**A 4@6@26v-jk- blh /kedh ^vlákipkjks·frdkj%*¼156&izifÙkn’kZu½ dk
ds vk/kkj ij gh ekul Vhdkdkj bldk nwljk mins’k fd;k x;k gS] dzwjrk ls cpus vkSj
okyk HkkokFkZ djrs vk;s gSa A 'kCnksa ds xBu ij ^vfdapu* ,oa ^dkiZ.;* Hkko esa thus dk lans’k
fd;k gqvk ;g nwljk HkkokFkZ yhyk ¼dFkkud½ dh gSA xksLokehth us Hkh Lo;a ds izfr ckj&ckj
n`f"V ls ;k ^êkl fnol** esa dgh xbZ nhurk dk iks"k.k fd;k gS ^^vkjfr fcu;
vo';EHkkoh e`R;q&lans'k ds vuqlkj Hkys gh ^nhurk* eksjh] y?kqrk yfyr lqckfj u Fkksjh**A
vkSfpR;iw.kZ yxrk gks ijUrq xksLokehth ds 1@42@1 vkSj izHkq dks Hkh nSU; Hkko gh fiz; gS
izLrqrhdj.k ds vuqlkj dnkfi [kjk ugha gS A ^^nhu cpu lqfu izHkq eu Hkkok] Hkqt fclky
Lo;a ds eq[k ls ekjus dh /kedh Hkjh Hkk"kk dk xfg ân; yxkok**A y{e.kth us fdafpr~ lh dVq
iz;ksx lqxhz oth igys Hkh ugha dj ik;s Fks] ogk¡ ok.kh dgh Fkh ^îqfu dNq y[ku dgh dVq
Hkh vius dBksj vkns'k dks Jhguqekuth ds }kjk ckuh**A og Hkh jketh dks ugha lqgkbZ ^îzHkq
dgyok;k gS ^^dggq ik[k egq¡ vko u gksbZ] eksjsa cjts cM+ vuqfpr tkuh**A2@95@4 os Hkyk
dj rk dj c/k gksbZ**A ;gk¡ dk rks okrkoj.k] vius lEeq[k gh e`R;q tSlh /kedh dk fn;k
O;ogkj vkSj Hkk"kk Hkh ;kus lc dqN 'kkyhu tkuk lg ldrs gSa\ dnkfi ughaA
vkSj fouezrk ls Hkjk gSA jketh us Lo;a lcdh nksgk& cpu lqur lc ckuj tg¡ rg¡ pys
dq'ky iwNh gS vkSj lqxzhoth Hkh] jketh dks fn;s rqjar A AA22AA
vius opu dk fuokZg djkus ds fy;s gh] lcdh
rc lqxhz o¡ cksyk, vaxn uy guqear lqugq uhy vaxn guqekuk A tkeoar
AA22AA efr/khj lqtkuk AA
lqxhz oth ds opuksa dks lqurs gh lc lquks ! gs uhy] vaxn] guqeku vkSj /khj
okujx.k tks tgk¡ [kM+s Fks ogha ls gh ftl fn'kk cqf) okys ijeKkuh tkeoarth lqfu;s A
esa mUgsa tkus dk vkns'k gqvk Fkk] mlds fy;s lqtkuk¾lqfoK] ijeKkuh] le>nkjA
rqjUr py iM+s A rc lqxhz oth us vaxn] uy lqugq uhy vaxn guqekuk & ^lqugq* in m¡ph
vkSj guqekuth dks cqyok;k A vkokt esa dgk x;k mn~?kks"k ¼iqdkj½ gS] rkfd
cpu lqur lc ckuj & Li”V gS fd lqxhz oth vkxs vkSj ihNs [kM+s yksx Hkh lqu ldsA blds
dk izopu T;ksa gh lekIr gqvk leLr ckuj iwoZ uy dk uke fy;k x;k Fkk] uhy muds HkkbZ
rqjUr py iM+s A blds iwoZ rks bu lcksaus ;gk¡ gSa nksuksa HkkbZ lkFk jgrs gSa A nksuksa gh ijkØeh
igq¡pus ij iz.kke fd;k Fkk ^^vkb jke in gSa& ^ûkFk uhy uy dfi }kS HkkbZ] dg¡ uy uhy
ukofga ekFkk** fdUrq fonk gksrs le; fdlh Hkh nqfcn cyoark** vkSj okYehfd jkek;.k ds
okuj us fdlh dks Hkh iz.kke ugha fd;k tcfd vuqlkj Jhuhy dks yadk ds ;q) esa lsukifrRo
pyrs le; Hkh iz.kke djus dh ijEijk gS dk Hkkj lkSaik x;k Fkk ^^rs”kka lsukifrohZjks
^^pysm ukb fl# iSBsm ckxk**5@17@1A vr% ûhyks* okujiqaxo%**6@4@35A bl izdkj igys
^tg¡ rg¡ pys* ds lkFk gh ^rqjar* in nsdj bl vfxze iafDr esa jgus okys ;qokvksa dks vkSj fQj
rF; dh vksj ladsr fd;k gS A ;gk¡] buesa lcls ihNs pyus okys o;kso`) ,oa Kkuo`)
lQyrklwpd g"kkZfn dk lapkj Hkh ugha n'kkZ;k ¼lqtkuk½ Jhtkeoarth dks lEcksf/kr fd;k gSA
gS D;ksafd vkxs buls dk;Z fl) Hkh ugha gksuk Jhguqekuth dks nksuksa gh ckj Lej.k fd;k x;kA
gSA nksgs esa ;qokvksa ds ckn budk uke gS rks ;gk¡
rc lqxzho¡ cksyk, vaxn uy guqear& ^rc lqxzho dsUnz esa gSA D;ksafd ;s izk.kok;q gksus ls loZ=
cksyk,* vfHkizk; gS fd tc lcdks izLFkku djrs fo|eku gSa vFkok viuh gh
ns[kk vkSj vaxnth Hkh viuh Vksyh ds lkFk lk/kuk esa exu jgrs gSa ^^dk pqi lkf/k jgsm
fcuk iz.kke fd;s gh vxzlj gksus yxs rc cyokuk** vr%
f'k"Vkpkj dh Hkwy dks lq/kkjus ds fy;s lqxhz oth /;kukd"kZ.k ds fy;s bUgsa nqckjk lEcksf/kr fd;k
us bUgsa cqyok fy;kA pw¡fd dk;Z ds fy;s py iM+s gks\
O;fDr dks ihNs ls vkokt ugha nh tkrh blfy;s ldy lqHkV fefy nfPNu tkgw A lhrk lqf/k
fdlh dks Hkstdj ;k ladr s ds }kjk cqyok;k gS] iw¡Nsgq lc dkgw AA
vr% ^cksyk,* dgk A izk;% ubZ ifjfLFkfr esa ;k vki lHkh j.kdq'ky ;ks)k ,d lax
HkhM+ ds vuqlj.k esa vFkok vuqHko u gksus ds feydj nf{k.k fn'kk dh vksj tkb;s vkSj lc
dkj.k bl izdkj dh =qfV;k¡ gks tkrh gSa ftUgsa fdlh ls Jhlhrkth dh lqf/k iwfN;sxkA
lq;ksX; O;fDr le;kuqlkj Bhd dj ysrs gSa ldy lqHkV fefy nfPNu tkgw & tVk;wth us
^îqfu j?kqifr lc l[kk cksyk,] eqfu in ykxgq jk?kosUnz ljdkj dks lwfpr fd;k Fkk ^^yS nfPNu
ldy fl[kk,**7@7@5A fnfl x;m xkslkbZa** blds vk/kkj ij nf{k.k
vaxn uy guqear & nf{k.k fn'kk dh vksj tkus fn'kk esa Jhlhrkth ds feyus dh laHkkouk vf/kd
okyh bl Vksyh ds uk;d r#.kkoLFkk ds gSA vr% lqxhz oth dh lsuk ds lokZf/kd
Jhvaxnth cuk;s x;s gSa ^^tkeoar dg rqEg lc lkeF;ZZoku ^lqHkV* nf{k.k dh vksj Hksts x;s gSaA
yk;d] iBbv fdfe lc gh dj ûk;d** nf{k.k fn'kk esa ;e ¼e`R;q½ dk fuokl ekuk x;k
4@29@1A blhfy;s ;gk¡ budk uke igys gSA ekul esa Hkh f=tVkth ds 'kCnksa esa bldk
mPpkfjr fd;k x;kA cks/k djk;k x;k gS ^^,fg fcf/k lks ¼jko.k½
^nfPNu fnfl tkbZ] yadk eugq¡ fcHkh"ku
ikbZ**5@10@5A oLrqr% ns[kk tk;s rks lalkj ds eu Øe cpu lks tru fcpkjsgqA jkepUnz
lHkh tho ¼NksVs&cM+s] leFkZ&vleFkZ] /kuh&fu/kZu½ dj dktq l¡okjsgqAA
fujUrj nf{k.k fn'kk ¼e`R;q ds xky½ esa gh tk gs lqHkVksa ! eu deZ vkSj opu ls
jgs gSa A ijUrq vc Hkh geesa ^jkedkt* fopkj djds os iz;Ru djuk ftlls
¼ijfgr&lsok dk;Z½ djus dh ;k ^lhrk lqf/k* JhjkepUnzth dk dk;Z laojs] mlesa 'kksHkk ykukA
¼uo/kk&HkfDr½ ykus dh Hkkouk ugha cu jgh gSaA eu Øe cpu lks tru fcpkjsgq & ekul esa
lhrk lqf/k iw¡Ngs q lc dkgw & vHkh ^^tudlqrk ^^deZ** 'kCn rhu izdkj ls fy[kk feysxk ¼1½
dgq¡ [kkstgq** esa Jhlhrkth dks HkfDr&Lo:ik deZ ¼2½ dje ¼3½ ØeA vkSj ;s rhuksa gh fo'ks"k
dgk FkkA Jh'kadjkpk;Zth ds erkuqlkj ^n;LFk mn~ns'; ls j[ks x;s gSaA ftl deZ dk Qy 'kqHk
jketh ds lkFk fojkteku ;s lhrk&Lo:ik HkfDr ;k iq.;nk;h gksuk lqfuf'pr gS ogk¡ m/oZxkeh
gh] 'kkfUr&iznkrk gS& ^^'kkfUr lhrk lek;qDr jsQ ;qDr ^deZ* in iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^tkS eSa flo
vkRekjkeks fojktrs**A Jhlqxhz oth us ;gk¡ gesa ls;s vl tkuh] izhfr lesr ^deZ* eu ckuh**
^lhrk lqf/k* tkuus ds ek/;e ls HkfDr dSls dh 1@29@4A bl izdkj ds lHkh mnkgj.kksa esa
tk;s ;k thou esa 'kkfUr dSsSls izkIr dh tk;s ^deZ* in igys feysxk vkSj eu] cpu] ckuh
blds ljy ls lw= le>k;s gSaA vkfn in blds ckn j[ks feysxas A tks deZ
Jhlqxhz oth dk izFke lw= gS ^îwNgs q lc fu%LokFkZ ;k fu"dke Hkko ls fd;s x;s gSaA
dkgw** vFkkZr~ HkfDr rÙo ds Kku dks ftKklq ftudk 'kqHkk'kqHk Qy ugha curk gS ogk¡
cu dj lc fdlh ls iwNuk gS] leLr dk;Z xksLokehth us ^dje* in iz;qDr fd;k gS ^^dje
iw¡Ndj djus gSaA iwoksZDr v)kZyh esa ^lqHkV lqHkklqHk rqEgfg u ck/kk vc yfx rqEgfg u
fefy* in gSA blesa lw= fn;k gS fd lHkh dks dkgq¡ lk/kk** 1@136@4 vkSj ftu deksZ ds
,d lax vFkkZr~ leqnk; esa] la?k esa jg dj djus ls iki ;k iq.; bu nksuksa ds gh feyus dh
[kkstuk gSA vkSj ;gk¡ dgk x;k gS ^lc dkgw* lEHkkouk gSA vr% ftUgsa fparu euu djus ds
lw= gS fd lHkh dks iz;kl vius vius djus gSa ckn gh djuk pkfg;sA buds mnkgj.kksa esa êu*
A vfHkizk; gS fd fu;e lEiznk; ds ekuus gS in lnSo igys feysxk vkSj deZ mldk
vkSj iz;kl Lo;a dks djuk gS pw¡fd iwNus vkSj vuq'khyu djrk gqvk feysxkA lkFk gh mlesa
tkuus dk dk;Z] tks Lo;a ls vf/kd Kkuh gks v/kksxkeh ^j* dkj ;kus ^dze* in iz;qDr fd;k
mlls gh fd;k tkrk gSA vr% lh/ks 'kCnksa esa gS ^êu Øe cpu tfur v?k tkbZ] lqufga ts
dgsa rks lRlax djus dh lEefr nh gS ^^lR;axksafg dFkk Jou eu ykbZ**7@125@6A ;gk¡ Hkh
lsouh;% ‘kj.kkxrsu** iz-n-170A ^Hkê* dk vFkZ ;gh ^Øe* in gSa ftldk rkRi;Z gS fd vkidks
if.Mr gksrk gsSA ^Hkkstu Hkê* rks vke Hkk"kk esa fopkj iwoZd ¼fcpkjsgq½ deZ djuk gS ^^djsgq lks
izpfyr gh gS fdUrq n'kZu'kkL= ds if.Mr dks tru fccsd fcpkjh** 1@51@3A ;g pkSikbZ
^HkV~Vkpk;Z* dgrs gS vkSj blh dh vksj âLo esa ¼fcpkjsgq l¡okjsgq½ gS] vr% blds ,d
/;kukd"kZ.k gsrq ;gk¡ ^lqHkV* in fn;k gSA lkFk ,d 'kCn esa xw< vFkZ Hkjs gSaA ;gk¡ ds ^lks* vkSj
gh iwoksZä pkSikbZ ds nsgjh ij] vUR;k{kj esa ^tru* in Hkh izk;% czã ls lEcfU/kr dk;ksZ ds
Kkuh ds vFkZ esa ^lqtkuk* ns gh j[kk gSA fy;s gh iz;qDr gq;s gSaA
xksLokehth dh ;g 'kkVZgS.M ¼vk'kqfyfi½ i)fr jkepUnz dj dkt l¡okjsgq & lqxhz oth us vHkh
gSA bl ^HkV* dks HkfDr ef.k izlax esa Li"V Hkh pkjksa fn'kkvksa ds okujksa ds lEeq[k ^^jke dktq
fd;k gS& ^^lqxe mik; ikbcs dsjs] uj grHkkX; v# eksj fugksjk** dgk FkkA ;gk¡ iqu% ^^jkepUnz
nsfga HkVHksjs**7@119@12 Hkko lfgr [kkstb tks dj dktq** i¡fDr i<+dj iqu#fDr dh lh izrhfr
izkuh] iko Hkxfr efu lc lq[k [kkuh**A gksrh gSA fdUrq ;gka Jhjketh ds lkFk ^pUnz* in
7@119@15A j[kk x;k gSA vkSj T;ksfr"k 'kkL= ds vuqlkj
lEeq[k pUnzek ;k=k ds fy;s 'kqHk Qynk;h ekuk inksa dh iz/kkurk feysxh ^îqj j[kokjs nsf[k cgq
tkrk gS A rhu fn'kkvksa esa x;s okuj [kkyh gkFk dfi eu dhUg ^fcpkj**5@3] ^^dfi dfj ân;
ykSVsA vkSj nf{k.k fn'kk okys lEeq[k pUnzek ds fcpkj nhfUg eqfnzdk Mkfj rc**5@12] ^êu egq¡
dkj.k u dsoy lhrk&lqf/k yk;s vfirq yadk rjd djSa dfi ykxk** 5@5@2 vkfn&2A
ngu tSlk fo'ks"k dk;Z djds vk;s ^jke dìk Hkk Hkkuq ihfB lsbv mj vkxhA Lokfefg lcZ Hkko
dktq fcls"kh*A pUnzek 'khryrk iznku djrk gS Ny R;kxh AA
vkSj yadk ngu ds volj ij guqekuth dks lw;Zukjk;.k ihB ij mifLFkr gaS mudh
'khryrk dh vko';drk Hkh gSA os yadkngu lsok&vpZu djsa] os gh Lokeh lHkh ds mj esa
tSlh izp.M vfXu ls ugha tys rks bldk ,d ¼var%dj.k esa psruk½ vfXu ¼oS'okuj½ :i esa
dkj.k ml vfXu esa lhrkth lek;h gqbZ Fkha ekStwn gSA vr% blh Hkko ls lHkh dh lsok Ny
^îzHkq in /kfj fg;¡ ^vuy* lekuh**3@23@3 R;kx dj djsa A
nwljk dkj.k ;g 'khryrknk;h ^pUnz* muds lkFk Hkkuq ihfB lsbv mj vkxh Lokfefg & izk;%
FkkA Hkxoku f'ko us bldk ladr s fd;k gS ^^tjk Vhdkdkj bl pkSikbZ dk HkkokFkZ ;ksa djrs gSa ^lw;Z
u lks rsfg dkju fxfjtk**5@25@7 ;ksa Hkh dks ihB ls vkSj vfXu dks mj ls lsou djuk
pUnzek lHkh vfHkyk"kkvksa dk iwfrZdrkZ dgk x;k pkfg;s ijUrq Lokeh dh lsok lc Hkko ls vFkkZr~
gS& 'kjhj dk fgr vfgr dk Ny R;kx dj djuk
^^fc/kq efg iwj e;w[kfUg jfc ri tsrusfg pkfg;s*A fdUrq lqxzhoth us ^lsbv* ;kus lsou
dktA djus dh dgh gS] vkKk nh gSA mudh Hkkouk
ekxsa ckfjn nsfga ty jkepUnz dsa ;fn bl oS|d n`"Vkar dks nsdj] Lokeh dh lsok
jkt**AA 7@23 esa bldh otZuk djus dh gksrh rks ^^lsofga**
blfy;s ;gk¡ jke ds lkFk ^pUnz* j[kk x;k gS A dgrs tSlkfd ^^lsofga lkuqdy w lc HkkbZ] jke
dkt l¡okjsgq & izHkq ds leLr dk;Z iwoZ pju jfr vfr vf/kdkbZ** 7@24@1 fQj
fu;ksftr gksrs gSa vkSj Lo;a fl) dgs x;s gS& Hkxoku 'kadjkpk;Zth us rks viuh ^piZV eatjh*
^^Lo;a fl) lc dkt] ukFk eksfg vknj fn;mA ds L=ksr esa] ihB lsdus vkSj vkx rkius ds deZ
vl fcpkfj tqcjkt ru iqyfdr gjf"kr esa le; xokaus dh HkRlZuk dh gS & ^^vxzs ofUg%
fg;m**A6@17 i`"Bs Hkkuw jk=kS fpcqd lefiZr tkuq%A
lqxhz oth Hkh tkurs gS fd bu okujksa dks rks djry fHk{kk r#ryokl% rnfi u
fufeÙk ek= cuuk gSA vr% mUgksaus ^dkt eaqpR;k'kkik'k%**AA
l¡okjsgq* ;kus dk;Z dks laokjus dh gh dghA vkSj xksLokehth tSls Kkuh Hkä tks jketh
ykSVus ds ckn guqekuth egkjktus Hkh bUgsa izHkq ds vykok fdlh Hkh oLrq dh ^lsbv* tSlh
}kjk lEiUu dk;Z gh cryk;s ^^lks lc rc dkeuk gh ugha dj j[krs ^îzHkq j?kqifr rft
izrki j?kqjkbZ] ukFk u dNq eksfj lsbv dkgh] eksfg ls lB ij eerk
izHkqrkbZ**5@32@9A fdUrq bl jkedk;Z dks tkgha**7@122@3 os bu rqPN dk;ksZa ds fy;s
Jhguqekuth us brus lqwUnj <ax ls laokjk fd lqxhz oth ds eq[k ls ^^lsbv** tSlk in dnkfi
yadkokfl;ksa esa [kycyh ep xbZ] yadk esa nwr ls ugha dgyk ldrsA vki ^mj vkxh* ds lkFk
T;knk mlds Lokeh dk [kkSQ Nk x;k ^^tklq nwr nsgjh ij fojkteku ^Lokehfg* in dks j[k j[k
cy cjfu u tkbZ] rsfg vk,¡ iqj dou HkykbZ** dj i<+saxs rks ^mj vkxh Lokfefg* cuk rc
5@35@3 pw¡fd lqxhz oth us vius vkns'k esa HkkokFkZ esa dgha ckr le> esa vk tk;sxhA ;ksa Hkh
^^tru fcpkjsgq** dgk gSA blhfy;s czãck.k esa izHkq us vuU; HkDr ds y{k.k crkrs gq;s Lo;a
cU/kokus ds iwoZ rd ds leLr guqekuth dks ,oa pjkpj dks Hkh Lokeh gh dgk gS ^êSa
egkjkt ds dk;ksZa esa ^fopkj* vkSj ^rjd* ¼rdZ½ lsod lpjkpj :i Lokfe Hkxoar**4@3 ;ksa
^HkkuqihfB* in Hkh j?kqukFkth dh vksj bafxr dj ls izsfjr gqvk eu] dke] Øks/k] yksHk] eksg] en
jgk gSA jketh dks txg& txg ^Hkkuqdy q &Hkw"k.k* vkfn ds izfr vklDr gks tkuk blh dk uke
^Hkkuqdqy uk;d* vkfn dgk gS& ^dg eqfu* ek;k gS A bls Jhjkethus dsoy nks iafDr esa
lqugq Hkkuqdqy uk;d**2@31@2 vkSj ^mj vkxh mdsjk gS&
Lokfefg* esa rks Jhxhrkth esa dgs izHkq ds ^êSa v# eksj rksj rSa ek;k] tsfg cl dhUgsa tho
Jhopuksa dh gh Li"V /ouksfDr gS& fudk;k A
^^vga oS'okujks HkwRok izkf.kuka xks xkspj tg¡ yfx eu tkbZ] lks lc ek;k tkusgq
nsgekfJr%A HkkbZAA3@14@3
izk.kkiku lek;qä% ipkE;Uua eSa vkSj esjk dk vga vkSj rw vkSj rsjk
prqfoZ/ke~**A15@14 dk vyxko blh esa eu vkSj bfUnz;ksa dh tks
vFkkZr~ eSsa gh lc izkf.k;ksa ds 'kjhj esa vklfDr gS] bls gh ;gk¡ R;kxus dh dgh gS A
izk.k o viku ls la;qDr oS'okuj ¼vfXu ds :i lsbv ijyksdk & bl e.Myh esa czãkth ds
esa vofLFkr½ gksdj pkj izdkj ds vUu dks va'kkorkj Jhtkeoarth gSa tksfd êfr/khj
ipkrk gw¡**A ekul esa Hkh ladr s gS ^^Hkkstu dfjv lqtkuk* gSa Hkxoku lnkf'ko ds va'k ls lEHkwr
r`fifr fgr ykxh] ftfe ^lks* vlu ipoS tBjkxh** Jhguqekuth egkjkt gSa ftUgsa
7@118@9A ^lks vlu iposS* esa xw<+ Hkko esa ^Kkfuukexzx.;e~* dgk x;k gS] mins’k drkZ
^vga oS'okujks* gh dgk x;k gSA lqxhz oth Lo;a Kkuiqat lw;Z ds va’k gSa ^^lqxhz oa
Lokfefg lcZHkko Ny R;kxh & ^Lokeh* in tu;kekl riuLrirkaoj%** 1@17ok-jk-A vkSj
Jhjketh ds fy;s vkSj Hkh vusd txg iz;qDr
vU; lc uy uhy ckuj jhN vkfn Hkh nsoksa ds
gqvk gS A Hkxoku 'kadj us jketh dks Lo;a dk
va'kh gS ^^lqj vafld lc dfi v: jhNk**
Lokeh o pjkpj fo'o dk Hkh Lokeh lkFk gh
8@113@8A ;s lc LoxZ ls ;k vius&vius
lcds ân; esa var;kZeh ds :i esa fojkteku
/kke ls mrj dj i/kkjs gSaA vkSj bUgsa iqu% yhyk
dgk gS ^^lksb izHkq eksj pjkpj ^Lokeh*] j?kqcj
laoj.k ds ckn ogha tkuk Hkh gS ^îztk lfgr
lc mj varjtkeh** 1@118@2A ;gk¡ ^Lokfefg
loZ Hkko* esa lqxhz oth dk vk'k; Hkh ;gh gS fd j?kqcal efu fdfe xous ^fut
esjs Lokeh gh leLr pjkpj ds :i esa /kke**1@110 ¼bl egkiz;k.k dk fooj.k vU;
fojkteku gaSA blh Hkko ls lcdh fu”diV lsok jkek;.kksa esa vR;Ur foLrkj ls gS] ns[ksa v/;kRe
djuh gSA vkSj ekul esa bl Hkko dks vusdksa jkek;.k mÙkjdk.M lxZ 9] okYehfd jkek;.k
izdkj ls dgk x;k gS ^^lcZ lcZxr lcZ mjky;] mÙkjdk.Me~ lxZ 104 ls 110 rd½ Lo;a fopkj
clfl lnk ge dgq¡ ifjiky;** 7@336A djsa fd bu ijczã ds lkFk jgus okys vf/knsoksa
rft ek;k lsbv ijyksdk A feVfga ldy dks Hkh] D;k ijyksd izkfIr tSls mins'kksa dh
vko';drk Fkh Hkh\ ;k vkSj dksbZ dkj.k gSA
Hko laHko lksdk AA oLrqr% okujksa ds fufeRr fn;s gq;s ;s lkjs
ek;k vFkkZr~ /ku] ifjokj] cM+kbZ bR;kfn mins'k muds fy;s u gksdj ge thoksa dks
ds eeRo Hkko dk R;kx djds u dsoy ijyksd ijkHkfDr djus ds fy;s] viuk bgyksd ijyksd
dk miHkksx djsxsa vfirq bg yksd ¼tjk ej.k
laokjus ds fy;s fn;s gaSA ,slk gh mins'k
vkfn½ ds ftrus gh 'kksdtU; fo"k; gSa os lc Jhjketh ds eq[kkjfoUn ls v;ks/;kokfl;ksa dks
Hkh ¼Lo;eso gh½ feV tk;sxaAs
fn;k x;k gS&^^tkSa ijyksd bgk¡ lq[k pggw] lqfu
rft ek;k lsbv ij yksdk & ek;k dh ifjHkk"kk
ee cpu ân;¡ n`<+ xggw** ns[ksa 7@44@1 A
vfr foLr`r gS A eksVkeksVh le>sa rks desZfUnz;
^feVfg ldy Hko laHko lksdk& okLro esa êSa
¼gkFk] iSj ] eq¡g] xqnk] tuusfnz;½ vkSj KkusfUnz;
v# eksj* esa tks vf/kdkj Hkko gS vkSj ^rksj&rSa*
¼vk¡[k] dku] ukd] thHk] Ropk½ ls mitus okys
esa tks frjLdkj Hkko gS bu nksuksa ds feV tkus
fo"k;ksa vFkkZr~ 'kCn] Li'kZ] :i] jl] xa/k vkfn
dk rkRi;Z gS eu esa ljyrk vk tkuk vkSj ;fn bl pkSikbZ ds okP;kFkkZuqlkj ;s okujx.k
dqfVykbZ feV tkuk ^^ljy lqHkko u eu lc dk;ksZa dks NksM+ dj Hktu djus gh cSB tk;sa
dqfVykbZ] tFkk ykHk larks"k lnkbZ**7@45@2 rks yhyk n`f"V ls Jhlhrkth dh lqf/k dkSu vkSj
vkSj blds QyLo:i] izHkq ds gh opuke`r gS dSls izkIr djsxk \ blls Li"V gS fd ;gk¡ Hkh
fd fo"k;ksa ls fojfDr gks tk;sxh vkSj esjs /keZ esa fiNyh pkSikb;ksa ds leku ge ekuoksa dks Hkh
vuqjkx mitsxk ^^,fg dj Qy iqfu fc"k; izcksf/kr fd;k x;k gSA
fcjkxk] rc êe /keZ* mit tks mins'k ;gkWa lqxhz oth us fd;k gS
vuqjkxk**3@15@7A izHkq us ;gk¡ êe /keZ* dgk izk;% oSlk gh îqjtu xhrk* esa Jhjketh us
gS mldh O;k[;k mUghsa ds Jhopuksa ls le>uk v;ks/;kokfl;ksa dks fd;k gS &
fgrdj gksxk ^îjfgr* lfjl /keZ ugha HkkbZ] ^^cMs+ Hkkx ekuq"k ru ikok] lqj nqyZHk lc xzaFkfUg xkokA
îj ihM+k* le ufga v/kekbZ** 7@40@1 lhrk lk/ku /kke eksPN dj }kjk] ikb u tsfg ijyksd
lqf/k gsrq fudys ;s lc okujx.k rks oLrqr% laokjk**A7@42@8
ijfgr /keZ esa vuqjDr gSaA Lo;a ns[kysa ;s ogk¡] izHkq us nsg /kkj.k djus ds ckn
jkelhrkth vk;Z laLd`fr ds gSa okuj oupj gSa D;k djuk ¼Qy ikuk½ mfpr ugha gS ;g Hkh
^ûj ckujfga lax dgq dSlas] dgh dFkk Hkb crk;k gS ^^,fg ru dj Qy fo"k; u HkkbZ]
laxfr tSlsa**5@12@11 lhrkth ds fy;s dfi LoxZm LoYi var nq[knkbZ**7@43@1A pw¡fd ;s
Hkkyqvksa us izk.kksRlxZ rd fd;k gS ^^lquq lqjifr okujkfn nsoka'k ls gS] ijfgr esa lefiZr gS vr%
dfi Hkkyq gekjs] ijs Hkwfe fuflpjfUg ts ekjs**A bUgsa ,slk ¼fo"k;tU;½ izcks/ku ugha fd;kA pw¡fd
ee fgr ykfx rts bUg izkuk**6@113@2 ;g mins'k lqxhz oth us izHkq dh vkKk ls gh
ijyksd dh rks jketh tkus ijUrq bgyksd esa fd;k gS ^^vk;lq ikbZ dg lqxzho lcfg
vkt Hkh buds uke&dhfrZ dk Madk ctrk gSA leq>kbZ**4@21@5A vr% Li”V gS fd lqxhz oth
txg txg bUgsa Hkksx izlkn p<+k;s blhfy;s ds eq[k ls fudys opu izHkq dh Hkkouk ds
lqxhz oth us dgk ^^feVfg ldy Hko laHko vuq:i opu gh lqxhz oth ds eq[k ls fudys gSaA
lksdk**A blds iwoZ Hkh izHkq us vufHkK 'kcjhth ds eq[k
nsg /kjs dj ;g Qyq HkkbZ A Hkftv jke lc ls Hkh blh izdkj ds Hkfo"; nz"Vk ds leku gh
dke fcgkbZ AA opu dgyok;s Fks ^^tudlqrk dg lqf/k Hkkfeuh]
gs Hkkb;ksa ! 'kjhj /kkj.k djus dk ;gh tkufg dgq dfjcj xkfeuh**3@35@10A JhokYehfd
Qy gS fd leLr dke&dkeukvksa dks NksM+dj jkek;.k esa Hkh bl rF; dh vksj ladr s gSA ogk¡
Jhjketh dk Hktu fd;k tk;sA Jhjketh us okujksa dks mfpr vkns'k nsus dh
nsg /kjs dj ;g Qyq HkkbZ & ^;g Qyq HkkbZ* ds vkKk iznku djrs gq;s lqxhz oth ds fy;s vR;Ur
}kjk lqxhz oth us bu nsoka'k ls mRiUu okujkfn vk'p;Ztud lEcks/ku ^foHkks* vFkkZr izHkq fn;k
dks Lej.k djk;k gS fd gesa ftl jkedkt ds gS&
fy;s czãkth us ;g nsg /kkj.k djus dh dgha ^^RoesokKki; ^foHkks* eedk;Z fofu'p;e~A
Fkh& Rofg tkukfl es dk;Z ee ohj u
^^fut yksdfg fcjafp xs nsoUg bgb fl[kkbA la'k;%**AA4@40@14ok-jk-
ckuj ruq /kfj /kfj efg gfj in lsogq rkRi;Z gS fd lqxhz oth izHkq okyh lqe/kqj Hkk"kk gh
tkb**AA1@187 cksy jgs gSaA
mldk volj vk x;k gSA ge ^Qyq HkkbZ* & vaxnth ;k muds led{k o;
lkSHkkX;'kkyh gSa ;g fn[kykus ds fy;s gh ^;g okyksa dks HkkbZ dgus dk ,d gh dkj.k gS] ;s
Qyq* dgk] vkSj Qy 'kCn esa ^m* dh ek=k lc jkedkt ds fy;s vorfjr gq;s gSaA
nsdj mls vkSj lEekuh; cuk;k gSA /;ku nsa& Jhguqekuth rks xq#HkkbZ gq, D;ksafd muds xq#
rks lw;Z gSa ,oa lqxhz oth lw;Z ds va'k ls lc lq[k ,sls] you fcuk cgq fcatu tSls**
gSaAtkeoarth] uy uhy vkfn Hkh buds led{k 7@83@5 mudk Lo;a dk mnkgj.k le>us
,oa ldy lqHkV gSa] vLrq HkkbZ dk lEcks/ku ;ksX; gSA mUgsa loksZRd`"V ekuh tkus okyh f}t
fn;k gSA ;ksa ;gk¡ ;g ^HkkbZ* lEcks/ku dh nsg feyh Fkh ^^pje nsg f}t dS eSa ikbZ] lqj
;kKoYD;th o Hkj}ktth ds orkZyki dk Hkh nqyZHk iqjku Jqfr xkbZ** 7@109@3 fdUrq mUgsa
ladr s d gSA nksuksa eqfu gSa] vksSj ;kKoYD;th mUgsa mudh euksok¡fNr HkfDr dkd&nsg ds }kjk gh
HkkbZ dgdj lEcksf/kr djrs gSa ;Fkk ^îuq dfj feyh Fkh ^^jke Hkxfr ,fg ru mj tkeh] rkrs eksfg ije fiz;
j?kqifr Hkxfr ns[kkbZ] dks flo le jkefg fiz; Lokeh** 7@95@4A blfy;s mudk Li”V fu.kZ; gS fd
^HkkbZ**1@103@8A oLrqr% lqxzhoth ds fn;s ^^lksb ikou lksbZ lqHkx ljhjk] tks ruq ikb Hkftv
mins’k dk leFkZu fd;k gSA j?kqchjk**7@95@2A
Hkftv jke lc dke fcgkbZ & HkDrjkt lksbZ cM+Hkkxh& ;g ^cM+Hkkxh* in ekul ds
dkdHkq'kqf.Mth us Hkh jkeHktu dks loksZifj dk;Z dqNd s vfrfof'k"V Jhjkepj.kkuqjkfx;ksa ds fy;s
gh iz;qDr gqvk gSA tSls vfgY;kth ds fy;s
crkrs gq, x#M+th ls dgk gS ^^Jqfr fl)kUr
^^vfrl; ^cM+Hkxh* pjufUg ykxh tqxy u;u ty/kkj
bgb mjxkjh] jke Hkftv lc dkt fclkjh**
cgh**1@210@NanA Jhlqrh{.kth ds fy;s Hkh ^îjsm
7@122@2A uhfr esa Hkh dgk x;k gS fd lkS
ydqV bo pjufUg ykxh] izse exu eqfucj
dk;ksZa dks NksM+ igys Hkkstu djks] gtkjksa dks NksM+
^cM+Hkkxh**3@9@21A Jhvaxn guqekuth ds
djks Luku] yk[kksa NksM+ djks ijksidkj vkSj
HkkX; dh ljkguk esa Hkh dgk x;k&
djksM+ksa dks R;kx] djks gfj dk /;ku&
^^cM+Hkkxh* vaxn guqekuk] pju dey pkir
^^'kra fogk; HkksDrO;e~ lglza Lukuesop~ fcf/k ukuk**A6@10@7
A oLrqr% ;gk¡ bl fonkbZ lans'k ds
y{ka fogk; ijksidkje~] dksfVa R;DRok gfja milagkj esa Jhlqxhz oth us bu lqHkVksa dks
Hktsr~**AA Jhy{e.kth dk uke fy;s fcuk gh muds vkn'kksZa
vkius /;ku fn;k gksxk fd tgk¡ dk c[kku dj muds vuq:i dk;Z djus dh
dkdHkq'kqf.Mth us ^dkt fclkjh* dgk gS vkSj vuq'kalk dh gS A blds iwoZ Hkh os lcds lEeq[k
ogha lqxhz oth us ^dke fcgkbZ* dgk gSA oLrqr% mudh ¼y{e.kth dh½ iz'kalk dj pqds gSa A ¼ns[ksa
lqxhz oth ds eu esa ^êSa ik¡oj ilq dfi vfr ^ûkfj u;u lj tkfg u ykxk**4@20@4½ o;
^dkeh** dh Xykfu Fkh gh lcdks lpsr djus ds e;kZnk vkSj ladkspo’k lqxhz oth us budk uke
fy, ogha dke fcgkbZ esa] muds mn~xkjksa esa izdV ugh fy;k ^lksb cM+Hkkxh* ls ladr s Hkj dj
gqbZ gSA fn;k ijUrq JhHkjrth tSls jkepj.kkuqjkxh us
lksb xquX; lksbZ cM+Hkkxh A tks j?kqchj vius NksVs HkkbZ ds HkkX; dh ljkguk djrs gq;s
pju vuqjkxh AA Li”V dgk gS&
tks Jhj?kqukFkth ds pj.kksa dk vUkU; ^^vgb /kU; yfNeu ^cM+Hkkxh*] jke inkjfoUn
izseh gS] ogh xq.koku gS vkSj ogh okLro esa cM+k vuqjkxh**A 7@1@3A
HkkX;oku Hkh gS A bl lhrk [kkst :ih Hko ;k=k dh
lksb xquX; lksb cM+Hkkxh & ^lksb xquK* ds }kjk dlkSVh esa ,dek= Jhguqekuth gh [kjs mrjs gSaA
lqxhz oth us bafxr fd;k fd Hkys gh fdlh esa tkeoarth êfr /khj lqtkuk* gaSA lk>s ds dke
lkalkfjd xq.k pkgs ftrus Hkh D;ksa u gksa ;fn esa vius lkFkh dh iz’ka”kk djuk vius eq¡g vki
jketh ds pj.kksa esa mldk iw.kZ vuqjkx ugha gS fe;k¡ feV~Bw dgykrk gS vr,o ^^tk ij ukFk
rks mlds os lHkh xq.k csetk gS] O;FkZ gSA djgq rqEg nk;k** dk lgkjk ysdj Jhguqekuth
Hkq'kqf.Mthus rks Li"V dgk gS ^^Hkxfr ghu xqu dks ^xquX;* ls Hkh cM+k ^xqulkxj* Bgjk;k gS
^^lksb fctbZ fcubZ ^xqulkxj*] rklq lqtlq Hkh mruh gh xw<+ vkSj nq:g gksus ls os fcuk
=Syksd mtkxj**A5@29@3 Hkxoku 'kadj rks xq# ds] f'f{kr O;fDr ds fy;s Hkh] vxE; dgs
vfr ladksph gSaA muds va'kkorkj Jhguqekuth x;s gSaA blfy;s nwj nz"Vk vkpk;ksaZ us bUgha lc
us tgk¡ Hkh dksbZ vfr iz'ka”kuh; dk;Z fd;k gS fc"k;ksa dks lqxe lqcks/k Hkk"kk esa vkSj dFkk
ogk¡ mls mUgksaus izHkq ds dkj.k lEiUu Bgjk;k izlaxksa ds ek/;e ls ;kuh Hkkxor] iqjk.k]
gS ^^rkdj nwr vuy tsfga flfjtk] tjk u lks rsfg jkek;.k vkfn /kkfeZd xzUFkksa esa le>k;k gS A
dkju fxfjtk**A 5@25@7 ijUrq vUrr% mUgsa Hkh mijksDr pkSikbZ esa Hkh lnqins'k dh pkj f'k{kk,a
ncs eq¡g Lohdkj djuk iM+k fd ^^guweku le nh xbZ gSa &
ufga ^cM+Hkkxh*] ufg dksm jke pju vuqjkxh**A ¼1½ vk;lq ekfx & dgha Hkh tk;sa] Hkys gh
7@49@8oLrqr% guqekuth ls cM+k dksbZ jkstejkZ ds dk;Z ij fudys gksa] cM+ksa ls vkKk
cM+Hkkxh bl i`Foh ij gh ugha gsSA ysdj tk;sa] Lo;a dks gh ugha cfYd lHkh dks
tks j?kqchj pju vuqjkxh & Jhlqxhz othus ^êu vuk;kl lq[k igq¡psxk ^^vk;lq ekafx djfga iqj
Øe cpu lks tru fcpkjsgq** ls ysdj bl dktk] nsf[k pfjr gj"kb eu jktk**
v)kZyh ¼tks j?kqchj pju vuqjkxh½ rd ik¡p 1@204@8A
pkSikb;ksa esa tks mins'k fd;s gSa] mls ekul esa ¼2½ pju fl# ukbZ & xarO; ij igq¡p dj
of.kZr ukS xhrkvksa esa ls ,d ^^lqxhz o xhrk** ,oa@;k ogk¡ ls fonk gksrs le;] bu nksuksa
dgk tkrk gSA igyh ^êu Øe opu** okyh voljksa ij gh xq#tuksa&ofj"Btuksa dks iz.kke
v)kZyh miØe Fkh rks ;g mldk milagkj gSA djsa] dk;Z esa lQyrk feysxh A fdUrq /;ku jgs
tgk¡ ^^Hkkuq ihfB lsbv mj vkxh** esa lQyrk ds ckn vg~e ugha vkuk pkfg;s A
^deZ&;ksx* dgk x;k gS rks ^^rft ek;k lsbv vU;Fkk ukjnth tSls ^^fo".kq Hkxr iqfu egk
ijyksdk** ^Kku;ksx* gS vkSj ^^nsg /kjs dj ;g X;kuh** okyk gky gks tk;sxk A bUgsa dke dks
Qyq HkkbZ** esa Li"V ^HkfDr ;ksx* dgk gSA flQZ thrus ds ckn vge~ vk x;k Fkk& ^^rc ukjn
ikap pkSikb;ksa esa lek;k gqvk ;g lokZax lEiw.kZ xous flo ikgha] ftrk dke vgfefr eu
mins'k vius vki esa vf}rh; vkSj ckjEckj ekgha**1@126@5A vge~ ds dkj.k ukjnth us
euu ;ksX; gSA 'kadjth tksfd Lo;a dkekfj gSa] dh voKk dh]
vk;lq ekfx pju fl# ukbZA pys gjf"k mUgsa iz.kke Hkh ugha fd;kA blhfy;s ukjnth dks
lqfejr j?kqjkbZ AA ^ûkjn eksg izlax** >syuk iM+k A Lo;a ukjnth
ds lax Hkh ,slk gh voKk Hkjk O;ogkj x#M+th
Jhlqxhz oth dk dFku lekIr gksusij
us fd;kA gqvk ;ksa fd izHkq dks ukxik'k ls eqDr
lqHkVksa us vkKk ek¡xh] lc ds pj.kksa esa flj
djkus ds fy;s ukjnth us x#M+ th dks Hkstk
uok;k vkSj izlUUrkiowZd Jhjktkjketh dk
Lej.k djrs gq;s py fn;s A ^^rc ukjn eqfu x#M+ iBk;ks**7@57@4A
ukxik'k ls eqDr djus ds ckn mUgsa jkekorkj
vk;lq ekfx pju fl# ukbZ & gekjs osn&osnkax
ij gh 'kadk gksus yxh ^^lks vorkj lqusm¡ tx
iqjk.kksa dk ewy mn~ns'; gS ldy thoksa dk
ekgha] ns[km¡ lks izHkko dNq ukgha** 7@56@8]
dY;k.k gksos] muds nSufUnu thou ds nSfgd]
vius 'kadk&lek/kku gsrq os ykSVdj ukjnth ds
nSfod vkSj HkkSfrd rkiksa dk fuokj.k gksrk jgsA
ikl igq¡ps] mUgsa viuh my>u Hkh crkbZ] ijUrq
;ksa le>sa fd ;s lc xzUFk gekjh lc izdkj dh
leL;kvksa esa gekjs iFk&izn'kZd gSaA tUe ls iz.kke djuk Hkwy x;sA ukjnth tku x;s fd ;s
eksg xzLr gks x;s gSaA vr% ukjnth us x#M+th
ysdj e`R;q i;ZUr] izkr% tkxj.k ls jkf= 'k;u
dks czãkth ds ikl Hkst fn;kA ogk¡ Hkh os viuh
rd] dc D;k vkSj dSls djuk pkfg;s ,oa D;k
my>u esa ;g lk/kkj.k lk f'k"Vkpkj fuokZg ugha
dc vkSj D;ksa ugha djuk pkfg;s budh f'k{kk
dj ik;sA igq¡prs gh lh/ks iz’u nkx fn;k ^^rc
muesa nh gqbZ gSA fdUrq vikS#"ks; osnksa dh Hkk"kk
[kxifr fcjafp ifga x;Å] fut lansg lqukor lcls ihNs iouiq= guqekuth us flj
Hk;Å**A vr% czãkth us mUgsa 'kadjth ds ikl uok;k A dk;Z buls lEiUu gksosxk tkudj
Hkst fn;k A fdUrq x#M+th us og =qfV ;gk¡ ugha loZK&izHkq us mUgsa vius lehi cqyk;kA
nksgjkbZ A 'kadjth us bldk Li"V mYys[k djrs ikNsa iou ru; fl# ukok & Jhguqekuth /khj]
gq;s dgk gS ^^rsfg ee in lknj fl# ukok] iqfu vkiu lansg ohj] ije fou;h o mRre iq#"kksa esa gSaA vkSj
lqukok** 7@60@1A rnqijkar Hkxoku f'ko us buds mÙke iq#"k dHkh Hkh vkSj dksbZ Hkh dk;Z m|r
lansg dk fuokj.k dkdHkq'kqf.Mth ls djok;kA gksdj ;k xq#tuksa dh vuqefr ds fcuk ugha
¼3½ pys gfj"k & 'kdqu fopkjdksa ds vuqlkj] djrs A blds Toyar mnkgj.k Lo;a Jhjketh
dk;kZjEHk ds le; eu esa g"kZ mYykl dk lapkj gaSA lhrk Lo;Ecj dks gh ysaA tc lc uìx.k
gksuk dk;Z fl) gksus dk |ksrd gS ^^gjf"k* jke iz;Ru dj Fkd x;s ^^lc uì Hk, tksx
rc dhUg i;kuk] lxqu Hk, lqUnj lqHk ukuk** migklh** cfYd tudth us rks mifLFkr
5@34@4A bl rF; dh xw¡t ekul esa loZ= izR;kf'k;ksa dh HkRlZuk djrs gq;s ;gk¡ rd dg
ns[kus dks fey tk;sxh ^îq#"k flag nksm chj fn;k fd /kjrh gh ohj foghu gks xbZ ^^vc
^gjf"k* pys eqfu Hk; gju**1@208A bl g"kZ tfu dksm Hkk[kS HkVekuh] chj fcghu egh eSa
lapkjh Hkko ij Jhguqekuth dk bruk n`<+ tkuh**A1@251@3A rc Hkh Jhjketh tl ds
fo'okl gS fd mUgksaus rks vius dks vR;Ur rl cSBs jgs D;ksafd os xq# fo'okfe=th ds
gf"kZr ikdj dk;Z flf) gks tkus dh vfxze laj{k.k esa gSa A tc xq#th us mUgsa vkKk nh
?kks"k.kk gh dj nh gS ^^gksgfg dktq eksfg gj"k ^^mBgq jke Hkatgq Hko pkik] esVgq rkr tud
fols"kh**5@1@3A vr% dk;Z g”kkZoLFkk esa izkjEHk ifjrkik**1@253@6 rc dgha os lfØ; gq;sA
djsa] lQyrk vo’; feysxhA Jhguqekuth Hkh mÙke iq#"kksa esa gSaA blfy;s os
¼4½ lqfejr j?kqjkbZ & izLFkku ds le; ;k okgu Hkh lcds fonk gksus ds i'pkr~] og Hkh izHkq ds
esa cSBrs le; izk;% yksx gfj dk uke Lej.k ;k }kjk cqykus ij gh muds lehi x;s gSaA
ukjk;.k&ukjk;.k vFkok vius b"V nso dh t; Jhjketh dks lcds ^^mj izsjd j?kqcal
fd;k djrs gS ^^pyk fcekuq dksykgy gksbZ] t; fcHkw"ku** dgk x;k gSA vkSj ;g Hkh ekuk tkrk
j?kqchj dgb lcq dksbZ** 6@118@3 ^^t; jke gS fd Jhjketh guqekuth ds ân; esa /kuq”kck.k
izcy izrki dksly ukFk xqu xu xkogha**5@35 R;kxdj lgt fcjktrs gSa ^^tklq ¼iouiq=½ ân;
NanA vktdy dbZ yksx xarO; LFky esa izos'k ds vkxkj clfga jke lj pki /kj**A vr,o
iwoZ ^îzfcfl uxj dhts lc dktk] ân;¡ jkf[k guqekuth Hkh le>rs gaS fd ;fn brus ohj
dkslyiqj jktk**5@4@1 bl pkSikbZ dk Lej.k okujksa ds le{k izHkq eq>s gh eqfnzdk lkSisxas rks
dj izos'k ysrs gSaA ,slk djus ls fo"k Hkh ve`r lcdk mRlkg Hkax gks tk;sxkA blfy;s mUgksaus
rqY;] 'k=q Hkh fe=or~] vxe leqnz Hkh xks[kqj ^îkNsa iou ru; fl# ukok**A ;ksa Hkh guqekuth
tSslk lqxe vkSj vfXu Hkh 'khry gks tkrh gS iou ru; gSa] muesa iou ds leLr lkeF;Z xq.k
^^xjy lq/kk fjiq djfga ferkbZ] xksin fla/kq gSaA vr% ;fn ean lqxa/k iou dk izokg ihNs ls
vuy flrykbZ**A vr% b”V dk Lej.k djrs ?kj vk;s rks okujksa ij ifjJe de iM+sxk vkSj
ds ckgj dne /kjsa vM+pus vkxs c<+us esa Hkh lgk; gksxh vr% ^îkNsa iou
ck/kk;sa ugha lrk;saxhA ;gk¡ ^j?kqjkbZ* dk Hkko gS ru; fl# ukok**A
pjkpj ds Lokeh ^^fo'o:i C;kid j?kqjkbZ** dk xksLokehth us ^îou** in tgk¡ Hkh
Lej.k djrs gq;s pysA iz;qDr fd;k gS mls ikourk ds lanHkZ esa gh
ikNsa iou ru; fl# ukok A tkfu dkt tkusa ^^lqefj ioulqr îkou* ukew] vius cl
izHkq fudV cksykok AA dfj jk[ks jkew**1@25@6A Hkxoku Jhd`".k us
Jhxhrkth ds foHkwfr ;ksx esa Lo;a dks ifo=
djus okyksa esa ok;q dgk gS A ets dh ckr ogk¡ yadk ls ykSV vkus ds ckn izHkq us
Hkh iou ¼iq=½ Jhjketh ds lkFk gh ;kn fd;s guqekuth ls tks lhrkth ds izfr mykgus ds
x;s gSa& 'kCn dgs gSa ^^dggq rkr dsfg Hkk¡fr tkudh]
^îou% iorkefLe jke% jgfr djfr j{kk Loizku dh** 5@29@8] os
'kL=Hk`rkege~** 10@31A Hkh jketh us dku esa gh dgs gSa rkfd vkSj dksbZ
blh izdkj ^ru;* in dk xw<+kFkZ gS ,slk lqu u ldsA izHkq us ogk¡ guqekuth dks ân;
iq= tksfd firk ds uke dks ;'kLoh djs] vius yxkus dk rks dsoy ukVd gh fd;k gS ^îqfu
ekrk&firk dks iw.kZ:is.k lUrq"V j[ksaA blh vFkZ guqeku gjf"k fg;¡ yk,**A oLrqr% xys rks os
esa gh ;g lHkh txg iz;qDr gqvk gS& mUgsa igys gh yxk pqds gSa] blh ls îqfu* dguk
^^ru;* ekrq firq rks"k fugkjk] nqyZHk tufu ldy iM+kA ;s nks fe=ksa ¼gfj&gj½ dh pqgy gSA tks
lalkjk**A2@40@8 ^^ru;* ttkfr fg tkScu n;Å] iqjk.kkfn esa rks i<+us dks feyrh gh gSa] ekul esa
firq vX;ka v?k vtlq u Hk;m**A2@273@8] ^^n'kjFk ^ru;* Hkh ,sls vusd ladr s feysaxAs
jke y?kq HkkbZ nhUg eksfg fcf/k ckfn cM+kbZ**A2@180 ijlk lhl ljks#g ikuh A djeqfnzdk
;gk¡ îou ru;* in nsus dk vfHkizk; Hkh ;gh nhfUg tu tkuh AA
gS fd guqekuth vius firk ds uke dks ;'kLoh izHkq us vius dj dey ls guqekuth ds
cukus ds fy;s fudys gSAa 'kh'k dk Li'kZ fd;k ¼ekuks fo'ks"k 'kfDr ikr
^tkfu dkt izHkq fudV cksykok & tgk¡ Hkh îzHkq* fd;k gks½ vkSj tu ¼lsod½ tkuh mUgsa gkFk dh
in iz;qDr gqvk gS og loZK] loZ leFkZ ds vFkZ v¡xB w h nhA ljks#g¾dey
esa gqvk gSA fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa îzHkq* in cgqr ijlk lhl ljks#g ikuh & izHkq us blds iwoZ
vYi la[;k esa gS] rhl nksgksa esa dqy iPphl Jhlqxhz oth ds 'kjhj dks otz cukus ds fy;s mu
ckj vkSj fcxr yhyk esa rks ,d ckj gh ns[kus ij gkFk Qsjk Fkk ^^dj ijlk lqxzho 'kjhjk] ruq
dks feysxk D;ksafd viuh Mksj lqxhz oth dks lkSai Hkk dqfyl xbZ lc ihjk**A 4@7@6 fdUrq
j[kh gSA [kSj loZK gksus ds dkj.k tku x;s fd guqekuth rks igys ls gh otzkax ^ôtz nsg nkuo
dk;Z guqekuth ls lEiUu gksuk gS vr% ^tkfu nyu** vkSj ^vrqfyr cy /kkea* Hkh gSaA tc
dkt izHkq* dgk x;kA mUgsa bldh vko’;drk gh ugha gS rc îjlk
/;ku nsosa & lcus izHkq ds pj.kksa esa flj lhl* ls D;k fn;k x;k\ oLrqr% ;g ;'kLoh
uok;k gS vkSj lcds izLFkku djus ds ckn gksus dk vk'khokZn Hkh gSA izHkq loZK gS] tkurs
guqekuth egkjkt us pj.kksa esa flj uok;k gSA gSa fd bUgsa yadk ngu esa vfXu ds rki ls
vr% izHkq ds fudV rks os mlh le; gh vk x;s 'khry j[kuk gSA Hkxoku 'kadj us Li"Vhdj.k
FksA rc ^fudV cksykok* dk fo'ks"k vFkZ D;k gS\ Hkh fn;k gS ^^rkdj nwr vuy tsfga fljtk] tjk
oLrqr% ^ducfr;k* dgus ds fy;s gh izHkq us u lks rsfg dkju fxjtk** A bl 'khryhdj.k ds
iouru; dks brus fudV fy;k gS rkfd lhrkth dk;Z ds fy;s gh ;gk¡ gkFk dh miek ^^ljks#g**
ds fy;s dgs fojg lans'k dks vkSj dksbZ lqu u ls nh xbZ gSA ljks#g dk rkRi;Z gS ljksoj ij
ldsA Jhxhrkoyhth esa bl Hkko dk Li"V vk#<+ iwjk f[kyk gqvk dey A guqekuth dks
mYys[k gS & leqnz yka?kuk gSA bl vk’khokZn ds QyLo:i gh
^^dg¡ ge ilq lk[kke`x p¡py ckr dgkSa eSa os ljks#g ds leku gh ml tyf/k dks Li'kZ
fo|eku dh A fd;s fcuk] yka?k lds A ;ksa Hkh xksLokehth dks
dg¡ gfj flo vt iwT; X;ku /ku] ufg fcljfr ;g tgk¡ dgha Hkh 'khryrk vHkh"V gksrh gS os blh
yxfu dku dh**A izdkj ^l* o.kZ ds 'kCnska ^^lhrk] fl;] lhl]
lqjlfj] ljks#g] lkxj** vkfn inksa dks vf/kd
xhrkoyh 5@11@3
iz;qDr djrs gSa] tSlsfd ^^,d lj ,d lksf”k lr ^êfu eqnjh eu eqfnr mrkjh** vkSj bl vaxB w h
lkxj**5@55@2A ij rks jke uke [kqnk gqvk gS ^^rc ns[kh eqfnzdk
îkuh*¾laLd`r ds îkf.k* dk viHkza'k euksgj] ^jke uke vafdr* vfr lqanj**
gSAvej 'kCndks"k ds vuqlkj bldk vFkZ ^îk 5@12@1 A vr% ;g lhrkth okyh eqnjh
j{k.ks bfr ikf.k%** ;kus fd j{kk djus okyk dnkfi ugha gSA
¼gkFk½A ;gkWa xw<+ Hkko gS fd guqekuth dh bl ^êqfnzdk** in ls dbZ lTTku bls vo/k
;k=k esa izHkq dk Hko rki gjus okyk] 'khry jkT; dh jktdh; eksgj ¼LVkEi½ ekurs gq;s rdZ
j[kus okyk] ojn gLr j{kd :i esa muds Åij nsrs gS fd jketh oujkT; ds jktk ds ukrs
gSA eqfnzdk /kkj.k djrs FksA ijUrq bl eqfnzdk ij
^dj eqfnzdk nhfUg tu tkuh & bl eqfnzdk dks j?kqoa'k dk dksbZ Hkh fpUg u gksdj bls Li"V
ysdj ,d iz'u lnSo mBrk gS fd tc ^^Jhjke uke vafdr vfr lqanj** dgk x;k gSA
Jhj?kqukFkth us jktdh; oL=kHkw"k.kksa dk gh dbZ;ksa dk ;g Hkh er gS fd ftl izdkj
ifjR;kx dj j[kk gS ^^firq vk;lq Hkw"ku clu izHkq us Hkjrth ds fy;s fp=dwV esa fpUe;
rkr rts j?kqchj] fclem gj"kq u ân; dNq ¼ijes'oj rÙo½ pj.k iknqdk,a izdV dh Fkh]
ifgjs cydy phj 2@165A vkSj u dsoy vkSj mUgha iknqdkvksa ls vkKk ysdj Hkjrth
oYdy oL= gh /kkj.k fd;s gq, gSa vfirq jkT; dk;Z lapkfyr djrs Fks ^êkfx ekfx vk;lq
^^rkil cs"k fcls"k mnklh** okyh o`fRr Hkh djr jkt dkt cgq Hkk¡fr**2@325 A mlh Hkk¡fr
viuk j[kh gSA rc muds ikl ;g eqfnzdk dgk¡ izHkq us ;gk¡ Hkh fpUe; eqfnzdk izdV dj
ls vkbZ \ dbZ Vhdkdkjksa dk ekuuk gS fd guqekuth dks nh gSA vkSj izek.k nsrs gSa fd
Jhlhrkth us tks eqnjh dsoV dks mrjkbZ nsus ds fpUe; iknqdkvksa ds leku gh bl eqfnzdk us
fy;s vaxy q h ls fudkyh Fkh ^^fiz; fg; dh fl; Lo;a lc gky lhrkth dks lquk;s Hkh gSa ^^fd;ks
tkufugkjh] efu eqnjh eu eqfnr mrkjh** lh; izcks/k eq¡njh] fn;ks dfifg y[kkm** xhrkoyh
2@101@3A vkSj ftls dsoV us ysus ls badkj 5@4@6A fdUrq Jhlhrkth Lo;a ek;k gaS] mudk
dj fn;k Fkk ogh eqfnzdk izHkq ds ikl cuh jg dguk gS fd ;g eqfnzdk fpUe; ;k ek;kokyh
xbZ] ;g ogh gS A fdUrq blesa vusd 'kadk, mB ugha gS ^êk;k rs vfl jfp ufga tkbZ**
[kM+h gksrh gS ¼1½ firq vkKk ikyu gsrq uxj 5@12@3A cfYd ;g mudh tkuh igpkuh gS
xzke vkfn esa Hkh izos'k u ysus okys izHkq D;k ^^pfdr fpro eqnjh îfgpkuh**A rkRi;Z gS fd
HkqyDdM+ dh Hkk¡fr viuh iRuh dh vaxB w h dks ;g vaxB w h ubZ ;k izdV dh gqbZ Hkh ugha gS A
bl izdkj rsjg o"kZ rd /kkj.k fd;s jgsxsa \ HkfDr ppkZ :ih jlkLoknu ds fy;s bl
,slk gksrk rks izHkq dh fojg&yhyk esa i'kq&i{kh] izdkj ls pkgs ftrus vuqeku yxk;sa tk ldrs
yrk&r# ds lkFk iRuh dh nh gqbZ ml vaxB w h gSa fdUrq xksLokehth us izek.k;qDr rF; blh
dk Hkh o.kZu gksrkA ¼2½ oLrqr% Jhlhrkth dh v)kZyh esa latks j[kk gSA iwoZ v)kZyh esa
mrkjh gqbZ vaxwBh rks 'kq: ls vkf[kj rd ^îkuh** in vk;k gS ikuh¾ikf.k dk vFkZ gS
lhrkth ds gkFk esa gh cuh jghA izHkq us rks dj ;k gkFk] vkSj vxyk 'kCn Hkh ^^dj** gh gS
vius LFkku ls gh dsoV ls mrjkbZ ysus dk ^ljks#g ikuh*] ^dj eqfnzdk* vFkkZr~ iqu% gkFk
vuqjks/k gh fd;k gS ^^dgsm dìky ysfg mrjkbZ** 'kCn iz;qDr fd;k gSA nsgjh nhid U;k; ls ;gk¡
2@101@4A blfy;s ;gk¡ ^^ysfg** ;kus ys yks ^dj* in dh drbZ drbZ vko';drk ugha FkhA
in yxk gS A Lo;a ds gkFk ls nsuk gksrk rks ;fn xksLokehth us ,slk fd;k gS rks eku ysos fd
^^ysgq** dgrs tSls ^êkxq ekxq iS dggq fi; blds ihNs vo’; gh dksbZ fo'ks"k iz;kstu gksxkA
dcgq u nsgq u ^ysgq** 2@26 A ¼3½ fQj lHkh tkurs gSa fd gkFk esa gkFk ikf.k&xzg.k
Jhlhrkth okyh v¡xwBh ij rks ef.k tM+h gqbZ Fkh ¼fookg½ ds volj ij gh fn;k tkrk gS&
^^cj dqv¡fj ^djry* tksfj] lk[kspk# nksm dqy xq# djS**A vfHkizk;% gS fd vc guqekuth vc iw.kZr;k izHkq
^^Hk;ks îkfu xguq* fcyksfd fcf/k lqj euqt eqfu vkuan ds laj{k.k esa gSa&
HkjS**A1@323Nan ;gk¡ Hkh ^îkuh** vkSj ^^dj** bu ^^djm¡ lnk frUg dS j[kokjh] ftfe ckyd jk[kb
nks inksa ds }kjk blh vksj ladr s fd;k x;k gS A egrkjh**A3@42@5
ikf.kxzg.k ds i'pkr~] tc jketh dks dksgcj cgq izdkj lhrfg leq>k,gq A dfg cy
¼oj&c/kw esa dkSu Js"B dh ij[k½ gsrq ys tk;k fcjg csfx rqEg vk,gqA
x;k rc ogkWa bl lqanj ^dj& eqfnzdk* dk o.kZu izHkq us dgk gs iouiq= ! lhrkth dks
gS A ogk¡ Hkh bls lhrkth ds fpRRk dks pqjk ysus cgqr izdkj ls le>kuk vkSj esjk cy rFkk
okyh dgk x;k gS ^îhr tusm egk Nfc nsbZ] fojg dg dj vki 'kh?kz ykSV vkuk A bl
^dj eqfnzdk* pksfj fprq ysbZ**A1@326@5 pkSikbZ ds rqdkar Lo ek=k esa gSaA vr% okP;kFkZ
blds iwoZ xksLokehth us ikf.kxzg.k izlax esa gh ls fufgrkFkZ vf/kd xw<+ gS A
Hkk¡ojh ds le; usx nsus dk mYys[k fd;k gS cgq izdkj lhrfg leq>k,gq & vHkh rd rks izHkq
^îzeqfnr eqfUkUg Hkk¡ojh Qsjh] ûsx* lfgr lc ^^drgq¡ jgm tkS thofr gksbZ** tSls lansgkLin
jhfr fucsjh**A1@324@7 vkSj vkt Hkh Hkk¡ojh opuksa ls lhrkth ds thfor gksus esa gh lansg
¼lIrinh½ ds usx :i esa nwYgsa dks izk;% vaxB w h O;Dr dj jgs FksA ogha bl pkSikbZ ds ,d ,d
gh nsus dh izFkk cuh gqbZ gS A vr% bl eqfnzdk in ls Li"V O;Dr gksrk gS fd loZK izHkq Hkfo";
dks tudth }kjk Hkk¡ojh ds usx ds :i esa esa Jhlhrkth ,oa guqekuth ds chp gksus okys
iznku fd;k gqvk ekuuk lkFkZd gksxk A laoknksa dks izR;{k ns[k jgs gSa] vkSj muds
ekul vkSj okYehfd jkek;.k vkfn xzUFk lek/kku gsrq vHkh ls funZsZ'k ns jgs gSaA blhfy;s
euq Le`fr ds yhd ij pyus okyss gSa ^^nEifr izHkq dks mykguk nsrs gq;s tc lhrk eS¸;k ngkM+s
/kje vkpju uhdk] vtgq¡ xko Jqfr ftUg dS ekjdj jksus yxh ^^vgg ukFk gkSa fuiV
yhdk**1@141@2A vkSj euq Le`fr ds vuqlkj fclkjh**5@13@7 rc guqekuth us mUgsa cht
fookg volj ij feyus okyh HksaV migkjkfn xf.kr ds <ax ls ^le>k;k* fd vki ls jketh
oj&o/kw dh futh laifRr ekus x;s gSA blds nqxuq k I;kj djrs gS& ^^tfu tuuh ekugq ft;¡
vykok yksdkpkj esa Hkh dgk x;k gS fd Åuk] rqEg rs izseq jke das nwuk** 5@13@10
dfuf"Bdk vaxy q h esa eqfnzdk vkSj tc /khjt /kkj.k djus dh ckr dgh] ogk¡
/kkj.k djus ls iRuh dk Lusg izkIr gksrk gS] Hkh jketh dh gh ^leq>kou* gS ^^j?kqifr dj
mldk eaxy gksrk gS ^^Hkk;kZLusgsu dfuf"Bdk;ka lanslq vc lquq tuuh /kfj /khj** 5@14 ;k
lnkeqfnzdk /kk;Zr bfr ns'kkpkj**A ¼JhxksfoUnth½ ^^dg dfi ân;¡ /khj /k# ekrk] lqfe# jke
vr% fu%lUnsg ;g ikf.kxzg.k ds le; usx esa lsod lq[knkrk** 5@14@9 vFkok ^^tuuh ân;
feyh gqbZ ^dj eqfnzdk* gS A /khj /k# tjs fulkpj tkuq** 5@15 A vkSj
tu tkuh & izHkq ds vkJ; ;k Hkjksls jgus yadk ngu ds ckn fonk gksrs le; Hkh] cgqr
okyksa dks ^tu* dgk x;k gS]izHkq us Lo;a dgk gS izdkj ls ^le>k;k* gS ^^tud lqrfg ^leq>kb*
^tufg eksj cy] fut cy rkgh*A 3@42@9 A dfj cgq fcf/k /khjtq nhUg** 5@27 A
izHkq dh 'kj.kkxfr xzg.k djus ds volj ij ^dfg cy fcjg csfx rqe vk,gq & ^cy vkSj
foHkh"k.kth ds fy;s Hkh ;gh dgk x;k gS ^^fut fojg* ;s nksuksa gh ok.kh ds fo"k; u gksdj ^cy*
^tu* tkfu rkfg viukok** 5@49@2A vkSj izn’kZu dk vkSj ^fojg* izrhr djus ;k vuqHko
izHkq ds tu ¼lsod HkDr½ tku dj gh djus dk fo"k; gSA blhfy;s guqekuth Lo;a
Jhlhrkth us guqekuth dks ekr`Lusg fn;k ^^vrqfyr cy
^^gfjtu* tkfu izhfr vfr xk<+h] lty u;u /kkea** ds Lokeh gksus ds ckn Hkh os izHkq ds cy
iqydkofy ck<+h**5@13@1A vr% ^tu tkuh* dks] opuksa ds ek/;e ls u rks ekrk lhrkth dks
le>k ik;s vkSj u gh vusdksa izdkj ls o.kZu gSa fd guqeku vdsys gh jko.k dks ekjdj
djds Hkh jko.k dks le>k ldsA cy ds fy;s Jhlhrkth dks ys vkus esa leFkZ gSaA ,dckj rks
rks mUgsa lhrkth ds le{k viuk ^^dud Lo;a guqekuth us Hkh vkos'k esa vkdj dg gh
Hkw/kjkdkj ljhjk] lej Hka;dj vfrcy fn;k Fkk ^^lfgr lgk; jkoufg ekjh] vkum¡
chjk**5@12 okyk :i izdV djuk iM+k fdUrq] bgWk f=dwV mikjh**4@29@9A
fQj Hkh ekr` ân; lhrkth dks lqr ds eqdkcys ^rqEg* in lEeku lwpd gS #nzkorkj tku dj
'k=q gh îje lqHkV* yxs ^^lquq lqr djfga dgs gSa vU;Fkk ^rSa* dg ldrs Fks tSlsfd igys
fcfiu j[kokjh] îje lqHkV* jtuhpj ^^rSa ee fiz; yfNeu; rs nwuk** dgk FkkA izHkq
Hkkjh**A5@16@8 vr,o bu nksuksa dks viuk ds dgs opuksa dk eeZ tkudj] Lo;a ds izfr
cy v'kksd okfVdk mtkM+dj vkSj yadk ngu mudk bruk n`<+ fo'okl ns[k dj] Jhiouiq=
djds gh fn[kykuk iM+kA vkRe&foHkksj gks x;sA
fojg Hkh lqukus dk fo"k; ugha gSA fQj guqer tUe lqQy dfj ekuk A pysm
bles amudk ^^Kkfuukexzx.;e~** gksuk Hkh vkM+s ân;¡ /kfj dìkfu/kkuk AA
vk x;kA D;ksafd uhfr dgrh gS fd iq= dks n`<+ fu'p;h Jhguqearyky us viuk
ekrk&firk ds fojg dk ;k Ükàxkj dk o.kZu tUe ysuk ¼vorfjr gksuk½ lqQy ekuk vkSj
djus dh /k`"Vrk ugha djuh pkfg;sA xksLokehth dìkfu/kku Jhjketh dks ân; esa Lej.k ¼/kkj.k½
us Hkh dgk gS ^^txr ekrq firq laHkq Hkokuh] djrs gq;s py iM+k A
rsfg flaxk# u dgm¡ c[kkuh** 1@102@4A tSlk ^guqer tUe lqQy dfj ekuk & ^guqer* ,d
fd Åij dgk gS] cy o fojg ;s nksuksa gh dk;Z opu gS] D;ksafd Jh'kadjth oDrk gS] nwts ;gk¡
u rks opuksa ds fo"k; gSa vkSj u gh fl)kUrr% rkRi;Z n`<+ er ¼guq+$er½ ls gS ^^lks vU; tkdsa
iq=or~ guqekuth ds dgus&djus ;ksX; gSA vfl efr u Vjb guqear**A dk;Z iwjk gksus ds
blhfy;s izHkq us ;gk¡ mUgsa ^dfg* in ds }kjk ckn rks izk;% lHkhus vius dks d`rd`R; ;k
vk'oklu fn;k fd ;s nksuksa dk;Z eSa Lo;a dj viuk tUe ysuk lqQy ¼QyhHkwr½ ekuk gS
nwaxkA vr,o tc fojg o.kZu dk volj vk;k tSlsfd Jhlhrk lqf/k ikus ds ckn Jhtkeoarth
rks viuh v{kerk dks tkudj] iouiq= dk us gh dgk gS ^îzHkq dh dìk Hk;m lc dktw]
xyk #a/k x;k] cksyus esa vleFkZ gks x;s vkSj ^tUe gekj lqQy* Hkk vktw**5@29@4A
vk¡[ks Hkh vJqiwfjr gks vkbZa ^^vl dfg dfi la'k;kfn fuokj.k ds ckn Jhx#M+th us Hkh tUe
xnxn Hk;m Hkjs foykspu uhj** 5@14A rc lqQy ekuk gS ^^thou ^tUe lqQy* ee Hk;Å]
^dfg* ds vk’oklu ds vuqlkj izHkq us viuk ro izlkn lal; lc x;Å** 7@124@9A
fojg Lo;a gh O;Dr fd;k gS ^^dgsm jke fc;ksx thou dh vafre ?kfM+;ksa esa Hkh thou dks lqQy
ro lhrk] eks dgq¡ ldy Hk, fcijhrk** ekuus okys HkDrjkt ckyh dk mnkgj.k vius
5@14@7A blh izdkj tc cy izn'kZu ¼yadk vki esa fujkyk gSA mUgksaus Hkh izHkq n'kZu ikus ds
ngu½ dk volj vk;k rc Hkh izHkq us u dsoy ckn gh ekuk gS ^îqfu iqfu fprbZ pju fpr
mUgsa 'kkjnkth ls lgk;rk djokbZ ^^cpu lqur nhUgk] ^lqQy tUe* ekuk izHkq phUgk** 4@8@3
dfi eqlqdkuk] Hkb lgk; lkjn eSa tkuk** A fdUrq bu lc ls Hkh fujkys gSa JhguqekuthA
5@24A vfirq e#rksa dks Hkh Lo;a izHkq us gh bUgsa ^^ldy xq.k fu/kkua** ;ks gh ugha dgk x;k
izsfjr fd;k ^^gfj izsfjr rsfg volj pys e#r gSA ¼csfx rqEg vk,gq½ izHkq ds opuksa ls gh os
mupkl** 5@25A tku x;s fd dìkfu/kku us rks eq>s ;'k iznku
^csfx rqEg vk,gq& esa guqekuth ds fy;s ladr s djkus ds fy;s gh ;g yhyk pfj= fd;k gS
gS fd vkidks gh 'kh?kz vkuk gS] vFkkZr~ lhrkth vU;Fkk izHkq ds rks lHkh dk;Z Lo;a&fl) gS
dks vius lax ugha ykuk gS A D;ksafd izHkq tkurs ^^Lo;a fl) lc dkt ukFk eksfg vkn# fn;m**
6@17A blfy;s dk;kZjEHk ds igys gh mUgksaus t|fi izHkq tkur lc ckrk & izHkq us ujyhyk
viuk tUe ysuk lqQfyr eku fy;kA gsrq Lo;a gh Jhlhrkth dks vfXu&izos'k dh
^pysm ân; /kfj dìkfu/kkuk& xksLokehth us vkKk nh Fkh ^^rqEg ikod egq¡ djgq fuoklk] tkS
oanuk izdj.k esa] guqekuth dh oanuk djrs gq;s yfx djkSa fulkpkj uklk**3@23@2A vkSj lc
Li"V lwfpr fd;k gS fd buds ân; esa Jhjketh dqN tkurs gq;s Hkh izHkq diV e`x ekjhp ds ihNs
lnSo fcjkteku ¼clfga½ jgrs gSa& nkSM+ iM+s Fks ^^rc j?kqifr ^tkur lc* dkju]
^îzuom¡ iou dqekj [ky cu ikod mBs gjf"k lqjdkt laokju**3@26@6A vHkh
X;ku ?ku A blds iwoZ gh îzHkq* in ds rkRi;Z esa mUgsa loZK]
tklq ân; vkxkj clfga jke lj pki loZ&leFkZ vkfn n’kkZ;k FkkA ^^tkur lc ckrk**
/kj**A1@17A esa blh ckr dks Li”V [kksy dj dgk gSA fiNyh
tc guqekuth ds ân; esa jketh igys v)kZyh dk vafre in ^^dìkfu/kkuk** bl
ls gh fcjkteku gSaA rc ;gk¡ ^ân;¡ /kfj* dk pkSikbZ ds fy;s Hkh gS& ^^dìkfu/kkuk t|fi izHkq
HkkokFkZ jketh dks mUgksaus ân; esa /kkj.k fd;k] tkur lc ckrk**A vfHkizk; gS fd izHkq thoek= ds
djuk vizklafxd gks tk;sxk A bldk eryc rks fy;s dìk ds /kke gSa] mudh n`f"V esa dksbZ Hksn
;gh fudyk fd bl chp muds ân; esa izHkq Hkko Hkh ugha gS ^^vf[ky fcLo ;g eksj mik;k] lc
fcjkteku ugha Fks 'kwU; gks x;k \ ij eksfg cjkcfj nk;k**7@87@7A ijUrq
oLrqr% ;gk¡ ^ân; /kfj* dk ,d lqd`r'kkyh nsoksa dh j{kk gsrq izHkq dks
vfHkizk; rks gS ;k=k&izLFkku ds iwoZ b"Vnso dk ;gk¡ etcwju ;g Hksn&diV okyh jktuhfr
Lej.k djds ;k=k izkjEHk dh tSlkfd vkxs yadk viukuh iM+ jgh gS A
izLFkku ds le; o.kZu gS& ^^;g dfg ukb ^jktuhfr jk[kr lqj=krk*& fu%lUnsg dgk tk
lcfUg dgq¡ ekFkk] pysm gjf"k ^fg;¡ /kfj* ldrk gS fd ;g ^jktuhfr* 'kCn vkt dh Hkk¡fr
j?kqukFkk**5@0@4A nwljs esa] izHkq us tks ^jke gh rqylhnklth ds tekus esa Hkh vksNk ¼rqPN½
uke vafdr* dj eqfnzdk nh gS mls gh eq[k vFkZ j[krk jgk gS A blh dkj.k ls] xksLokehth
xqgk'k; esa /kjdj pysA guqeku pkyhlk esa Hkh us bl ^jktuhfr* 'kCn dks bl ‘kCn ds vuqdy w
dgk gS ^îzHkq eqfnzdk esyh eq[k ekgha] tyf/k izalxksa esa Hkh mi;ksx ugha fd;kA tSlsfd vo/k
yk¡f?k x;s vpjt ukgha**A Jhxhrkoyh jkek;.k jkT; lapkyu dh f’k{kk ds fy, Hkh Hkjrth us
esa Hkh bldk cM+k gh lqUnj fp=.k ns[kus dks ^jktuhfr* ‘kCn u iz;qDr djds izHkq ls ^lks
feyrk gS&jtk;lq jke dks tc ik;ksA fl[k* iznku djus dh izkFkZuk dh gS ^^lks fl[k*
xky esfy eqfnzdk eqfnr eu iou iwr flj uk;ks nsbv vof/k yfx dkslyiky dìky**2@313A izHkq us
AA1AA Hkh ogk¡ mPpdksfV dh f'k{kk nh gS&
HkkyqukFk uy&uhy lkFk pys cyh ckfy dks ^êqf[k;k eq[k lks pkfg;s [kku iku dgq¡
tk;ksA ,d A
Qjfd lqv¡x Hk, lxqu] dgr ekuks ex eqn eaxy Nk;ksA ikyb iks"kb ldy vax rqylh lfgr
5@1@2 fccsd**A
t|fi izHkq tkur lc ckrkA jktuhfr fdUrq blds lekiu es jketh us Hkh ^jktuhfr*
jk[kr lqj=krk AA 'kCn dk iz;ksx u djds ^jkt/keZ* in iz;qDr
;|fi izHkq ¼loZK gksus ls½ lc ckrsa fd;k gS ^^jkt /kje ljclq ,ruksbZ] ftfe eu ekg¡
tkurs gSa A rFkkfi nsoksa ds ifj=k.k gsrq gh ;g euksjFk xksbZ** 2@315@1 A
jktuhfr ¼tkudj Hkh vutku cuus okyk diV nwljs esa] lqxhz oth dk gh mnkgj.k ys
O;ogkj½ j[kuh iM+ jgh gSA ysaA ykSfdd n`f"V ls ns[kk tk;s rks ckyh ds ejus
ds ckn fdf"dU/kkuxjh esa ckyh leFkZdksa dk cuk
jguk vLokHkkfod ugha gS A de ls de ;g rks jke dkt y;yhu eu fcljk ru
ekul ds m)j.kksa ls gh lqLi"V gS fd lqxhz oth dj Nksg AA23AA
o vaxnth dh iVjh vUr rd ugha [kkbZA bl JhiouuUnu ds 'kkfey gks tkus ij
n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks jkT; lapkyu gsrq ml le; leLr okuj jhNkfn leLr ouksa ds unh]
Hkh lqxhz oth dks Ny&cy okyh jktuhfr dh gh rkykc] ioZr vkSj ioZr danjkvksa esa vUos"k.k
vko';drk FkhA ijUrq ogk¡ Hkh izHkq us mUgsa 'kq) djrs gq;s pysA Jhjkedkt esa mu lcdk eu
ûìuhfr* gh fl[kkbZ ^îqfu lqxzhcfg yhUg cksykbZ] bruk rYyhu gS fd mUgsa nsg Hkku gh foLe`r gks
cgq izdkj ûìuhfr* fl[kkbZ**4@11@6A vPNs yksxksa x;k] nsg ls eeRo dh lqf/k gh ugha jghA
ds chp es ;g jktuhfr in gs; ekuk x;k gS pys ldy cu [kkstr & vHkh blh nf{k.k fn'kk
tSls n'kjFkth us Hkh jktuhfr 'kCn dk iz;ksx dh vksj tkus okyh Vksyh dk pyuk fy[k pqds
ugha fd;k gS ^êSa cM+ NksV fcpkfj ft;¡ djr jgsm¡ gSa ^^pys gjf"k lqfejr j?kqjkbZ**A ;gkWa iqu% ^pys
ùiuhfr**2@32A fdUrq ;g ^jktuhfr* in dc vkSj ldy* fy[kus dk dkj.k gS fd tc Vksyh esa
fdu yksxksa us ;k fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iz;ksx guqekuth ugha fn[ks ;k mUgsa Jhjketh ls ckrksa
fd;k gS blds [kqykls ds iwoZ bldh Hkwfedk esa fueXu ns[kk rks lHkh okujx.k ,d txg
tkuysaA #ddj mudh izrh{kk djus yxs ,oa tc os
bl pkSikbZ ds vf/kdka'k in tSlsfd vkdj 'kkfey gks x;s rc lHkh feydj py iM+s
^îzHkq tkur] lc] lqj** vkfn cht ¼ladr s d½ A blfy;s ;gk¡ ^pys ldy* dgk x;k A ,d
:i esa vkidks mijksDr diV e`x ekjhp ds rjg ls lwpuk gS fd laxh lkfFk;ksa us jketh o
mnkgj.k esa ns[kus dks feys gSa] blhizdkj ls ;s guqekuth dks okrkZyki djrs ns[kk gSSA
lHkh ^cht* in vorkj gsrq ds ftrus Hkh izlax HkwxksyosÙkk Jhlqxhz oth us izLFkku ds iwoZ
gaS] mu lc esa Hkh feysxa]s tSls izrkiHkkuq ds leLr okujksa dks leLr fn'kkvksa esa iM+us okys
izlax esa ;s in ogk¡ diV eqfu }kjk dgs opuksa lfjrk] lj] fxfj] [kksg vkSj ogk¡ ds tho tUrq
esa gSa ^îzHkq* ^tkur* ^lc* fcufga tuk,Wa] dggq dofu ouLifr vkfn dk cgqr vPNk vfHkKku djk
flf) yksd fj>k,Wa**1@161@2A vFkok lqj] eqfu] fn;k FkkA bldk ckYehfd jkek;.k esa vR;Ur
/kjrh ds lax gqbZ cã lHkk esa Hkh gaS ^^tkur* foLrkj ls pkj lxksZ esa o.kZu gqvk gSA
tu dh ihj îzHkq* Hkaftfg nk#u fcifr**1@184A xksLokehth us ml foLr`r o.kZu dks ^^dg lqxzho
vc nwljh v)kZyh ds ^jktuhfr* in lcfg leq>kbZ** vkSj bl nksgs ^^pys ldy cu
dks vkSj mls iz;qDr djus okys tuksa dks Hkh ns[k [kkstr lfjrk lj fxfj [kksg** esa lesVk gSA ;gk¡
ysaA izHkq us vius Hkäksa dh j{kk ds fy;s fd;k gS ^^pys ldy cu** ls rkRi;Z u dsoy nf{k.k
;g rks ;gk¡ Li”V gh gS fdUrq loZizFke bls fn’kk okyh Vksyh ls gS cfYd lhrk [kkst gsrq
‘kwiZ.k[kk us jko.k dks fn;s mins’k esa iz;ksx fd;k ^leLr fn'kkvksa* esa fudys gq;s vkSj ^leLr
gS ^^jkt uhfr* fcuq /ku fcuq /kekZ] gfjfg leisZ fcuq okujkfn* x.kksa ls Hkh gS A
lrdekZ**3@20@8A tks okLro esa Fkh rks dq:i jke dkt y;yhu eu & =srk;qx dh yhyk ds
ijUrq izHkq ds le{k #fpj :i /kkj.k djds xbZ vuqlkj rks ;gh vfHkizk;% gS fd nf{k.k fn'kk
^^#fpj :i /kfj izHkq ifga tkbZ** vkSj jko.k us dh vksj fudyh Vksyh ds okujkfn x.k
Hkh bls lhrkth dks gh izyksHku nsus esa iz;qä ,dkxzfpRr ls jke dkt esa yxs gSa vkSj ekxZ esa
fd;k gS ^ûkuk fcf/k dfj dFkk lqgkbZ] ^jktuhfr* Hk; iM+us okys lHkh lfjr] lj fxfj [kksgkfn dks
izhfr ns[kkbZ** 3@27@11A [kkstrs gq;s] mUgsa yk¡/krs gq;s nf{k.k dh vksj
nksgk&pys ldy cu [kkstr lfjrk lj c<+rs tk jgs gSa A fdUrq bu <sj lkjs inksa ds
fxfj [kksg A ek/;e ls xksLokehth us nwljh ckr Hkh mdsjh
gSA mudh ekU;rkuqlkj =srkdkfyu lHkh yhyk,a
vkt Hkh leLr jke HkDrksa ds fy;s lqyHk gS jVusa esa ,sls exu gq;s fd ôkYehfd* gks x;s
^^lcfg lqyHk lc fnu lc nslk] lsor lknj vFkkZr~ 'kjhj nhed dh ckach ls <d x;k rc
leu dyslk**1@1@12A vkSj =srkdky gh ugha Hkh Hkku ugha gqvk blhfy;s dgk x;k gS ^^myVk
cfYd pkjksa ;qxksa ds ;qx/keZ Hkh ge lHkh dks ukeq tir txq tkuk] ckyehfd Hk, czã
izkIr gS& lekuk**2@193@8A
^^fur tqx /keZ gksfga lc dsjs] ân; jke ek;k drgq¡ gksb fuflpj lSa HksVk A izku ysfga ,d
ds izsjs A ,d pisVk AA
lRo cgqr jt dNq jfr dekZ] lc fcf/k lq[k ou esa dHkh dHkkn fdlh fu'kkpj ls
=srk dj /kekZ HksaV gks tkrh gS rks ¼brus okujkfn gaS fd½ ,d
cq/k tqx /keZ tkfu eu ekgha] rft v/keZ jfr ,d pir ls gh os mlds izk.k gj ysrs gSa A
/keZ djkgha**A drgq¡ gksb fuflpj lSa HksVk & ^drgq¡ gksb*
ns[ksa 7@103@1&6 vkSj bldh miyfC/k ge lcdks fy[kus dk dkj.k gS fd pkSng gtkj fu'kkpj rks
Hkh djkus ds fy;s xksLokehth us yhyk pfj= ds [kj nw"k.kkfn ds lax gq;s ;q) esa gh ekjs x;s Fks
LFkwy vo;oksa dks HkkoukRed :idksa ds :i esa ^^lqj Mjr pkSng lgl izsr fcyksfd ,d vo/k
izLrqr fd;k gS ^^cu [kkstr** dk vfHkizk; gS /kuh**3@19 NanA vc tuLFkku esa yqd&s fNis
HkkoiwoZd ¼efr eu fpÙk yxkdj½ izHkq fparu bDds&nqDds gh jg x;sA os gh bl l?ku [kkst esa
djuk ^^Hkko lfgr ^[kkstb* tks izkuh] iko pisVksa ls ekjs tk jgs gSa A oLrqr% izHkq us iz.k
Hkxfr efu lc lq[k [kkuh**7@119@15A fd;k Fkk ^^fuflpj ghu djm¡ efg Hkqt mBkb
^lfjrk* ls rkRi;Z gS Hkxor pfj= ;k jke dFkk iu dhUg**3@9A mlh dk;Z esa okujkfn x.k
:ih lfjrk esa fueTtu djuk mudk Jo.k lg;ksx dj jgs gSaA
djuk ^^pyh lqHkx dfcrk ^lfjrk* lks] ^jke fcey ^fuflpj* & vHkh ekul esa of.kZr lfjrk] lj]
tl ty* Hkfjrk lks**1@38@11A vFkok ^^jkedFkk fxfj] [kksg vkfn vo;oksa ds xw<+kFkZ ij izdk'k
êankfduh* fp=dwV fpr pk#A rqylh lqHkx lusg cu Mkyk FkkA mlh lUnHkZ esa fu'kkpjksa ds ckjs esa
fl; j?kqchj fcgk#**1@31A lj¾iaiklj] iq"dj] Hkh tku ysa A izk;% fu'kkpj ;k jk{kl] dgus
ekuljksoj vkfn] buesa fueTTku djuk vkSj ek= ls yksxksa dh dYiuk esa ,d ,slk
lRlax djuk] nksuksa ds Qy ,d leku dgs gSa fo'kkydk; Hk;kouk izk.kh dk fp= ukp tkrk gS
^^tks ugkb pg ,fga ^lj* HkkbZ] lks lrlax djm eu ftlds flj ij nks lhax] ckgj fudys gq;s
ykbZ**1@38@8A vkSj ^fxfj ¼ioZr½ [kksg* ls cM+s&cM+s nkar vkSj xys esa uj eq.M ,oa gfM~M;ksa
rkRi;Z osn iqjk.k jkek;.k vkfn ls gS ^îkou dh ekyk yVdh gksrh gSA ijUrq ekul dh Hkk"kk
icZr csn iqjkuk] jke dFkk #fpjkdj esa Hkz"V vkpj.k okyk ¼pksj] tqvkjh] okekpkjh½
ukuk**7@119@13A budk iBu ikBu gh fxfj v/kehZ] vuhfr vkSj osnekxZ ds izfrdwy] ij
danjkvksa esa [kkst djuk gSA pyus okyk ,oa fgalk esa fyIr O;fDr gh
fcljk ru dj Nksg& Nksg¾eeRo] Lusg] ;Fkk fu'kkpj Js.kh dk izk.kh gS&
^^djgq¡ cgqr j?kquk;d Nksgw**5@16@3A okP;kFkZ gS fd ^^ck<+s [ky cgq pksj tqvkjk] ts yaiV ij/ku
jkedkt esa bu okujkfn jke lsodksa dk eu ijnkjkA
,slk jek fd ru dk eeRo Hkh feV x;kA gekjs ekufga ekrq firk ufga nsok] lk/kqUg lu
fy;s ;gk¡ lUns'k gS fd gesa Hkh lr~dk;ksZa esa djokofga lsokA
izo`Ùk gksuk gS ;k Hkxon~ HkfDr djuh gS bu ftUg ds ;g vkpju Hkokuh] rs tkusgq
okujkfn ds leku gh nsg Hkku dks Hkqykdj dj] ^fuflpj* lc izkuh**1@183@1&3
yksd fn[kkm iwtk vpZuk djuh pkfg, viuk
le; O;FkZ xaokuk gSA Mkdw jRukdj jke jke
ekul dk lgh n'kZu le>us ds fy;s xw<+kFkZ Fkk fd xq# vkKkuqlkj ,oa 'kkL=
mlesa bUgha ifjizs{;ksa ds izek.kkuqlkj HkfDr djus okyksa ds eu esa Hkh
ek/;e ls xksrs yxkus gksxas A ;nk&dnk la'k;kfn mit ldrs gSsa mls Hkh eu
izku ysfga ,d ,d pisVk & izk;% efUnjksa dh ds fo"k; :ih fu'kkpj lrk ldrs gSaA ijUrq
ewfrZ;ksa esa ;k fp=ksa esa gesa guqekuth ds gkFk esa lRlax gks] ftKklkvksa dk lek/kku feys rks ml
xnk] otz ;k lksaVk vkfn ns[kus dks feyrk gS A fo”k; ;k la'k; :ih fu'kkpj dk vfLrRo ugha
fdUrq lewps ekul&o.kZu esa vkidks u rks jg ldrk blfy;s ogk¡ ^îzku ysfga ,d ,d
guqekuth dh gkFk esa vkSj u gh vU; fdlh Hkh pisVk** dgk x;kA
okuj jhNkfn ds gkFk esa] ?kksVk&lksaVk otz xnkfn ;gk¡ mijksä eksg la’k;kfn okys ou]
vFkok vkSj vU; fdlh izdkj ds vk;q/k fofiu ;k vj.; dh ppkZ ugha gS cfYd bls
ns[kus&i<+us dks feyasxAs bu lcds gfFk;kj rks vfr lkfRod ^dkuu* in fn;k gSA iqjk.kfn
dsoy iRFkj]ioZr] o`{k vkSj u[k gh dgsa x;s gSa& xzUFkksa esa bUnz ds ^ûUnu&dkuu** dk vfr
^^fxfj r# u[k vk;q/k lc chjk] gfj ekjx fprofga je.kh; o.kZu feyrk gSA Jhjketh us vius
efr /khjk**A1@187@4 ouokl dks] ftlds fy;s mudk vorkj gqvk]
^û[k vk;q/k fxfj ikni /kkjh] pys xxu efg dkuu dh gh miek nh gS& ^^firk¡ nhUg eksfg
bPNkpkjh**A5@34@9 ^dkuu* jktw] tg¡ lc Hkk¡fr eksj cM+ dktw**2@52@6A
bl rF; dks vkSj js[kkafdr djus ds fy;s gh JhckYehfdth us Hkh vf= vkfn eqfucjksa
;gk¡ ^îzku ysfga ,d ,d pisVk** dgk x;k gS A ls ;qDr fp=dwV dks ^dkuu* dh laKk gh nh gS
cgq izdkj fxfj dkuu gsjfga A dksm eqfu vkSj izHkq ls mls xkSjo iznku djus dk vuqjks/k
feyb rkfg lc ?ksjfga AA fd;k&
okujx.k fofo/k fof/k;ksa ls ioZr vkSj ^^fp=dwV fxfj djgq fuoklq] lSy lqgkou ^dkuu*
dkuuksa ¼ouksa½ esa [kkstrs gq;s c<+ jgs gSaA tc pk#**a2@131@4A
dksbZ eqfu fey tkrs gSa rks mUgsa lc ?ksj ysrs gSa pygq lQy Je lc dj djgw] jke nsgq xkSjo fxfj
¼xksy cUn gksdj iz’u iwNrs gSa½ ;g pkSi kbZ gLo cjgw**2@131@8A vkSj izHkq ds i/kkjus ds ckn ;g
ek=k ds rqdkar ¼gsjfga&?ksjfga½ okyh gSA tSlkfd ^dkuu* gh okLro esa dkeukiwfrZ okys o fo”kkn
igys Hkh Li"V fd;k gS buesa okP;kFkZ ls xw<+kFkZ gjus okys dkerkukFkth gks x;s ^^dken Hks fxfj
vf/kd gksrk gS A jke izlknk] voyksdr vigjr
cgq izdkj fxfj dkuu gsjfga & vHkh ^^pys fo"kknk**2@278@1A blds izR;{k izek.k Hkjrth
ldy cu [kkstr lfjrk lj fxfj [kksg** okys gSa] ftUgsa buds n'kZuksa ds ckn lokZf/kd ;kus
nksgs esa ou vkSj fxfj dh ppkZ gks pqdh gSA jketh ls Hkh vf/kd lq;'k dh izkfIr gqbZ&
oLrqr% og ^cu* JkixzLr n.Md ou dk izrhd ^^y[ku jke fl; ^dkuu* clgha] Hkjrq Hkou cfl ri
Fkk ftlesa ,dk/k fuf’kpj Fks] ftls ^fofiu* Hkh ruq dlghaA
dgk x;k gS ^^fcfiu vdsfy fQjgq dsfg nksm fnfl leqf> dgr lcq yksxw] lc fcf/k Hkjr
gsrw**1@52@8A xksLokehth us ekuo eu ds eksg ljkgu tksxw**2@235@3A
,oa la'k;kfn dks fofiu dh miek ns j[kh gS ;gk¡ dkuu ls vfHkizk; vykSfdd]
;Fkk ^êksg ^fofiu* ?ku ngu d`'kkuq%**3@10@5 vk/;kfRed vkuUn nsus okyk lRlax LFky gS A
^^lal; ^fcfiu* ^vuy lqj jatu**6@114 NanA xksLokehth ds tekus ds lqizfl) fo}ku
vkSj eu ds fo"k;ksa ¼dke] Øks/k] en yksHkkfn½ Jhe/kqlwnuth ljLorh ds opukuqlkj rks lEiw.kZ
dks ou dh miek nh gS ^êu dfj ^fo"k; vuy ekul gh vkuUn dkuu gS ^^vkuUndkuus
cu* tjbZ] gksb lq[kh tkS ,fg lj ijbZ**1@34@8A g;fLeu taxeLrqylh r#% dforkeatjh Hkkfr
blds iwoZ dh pkSsikbZ ¼drgWaq gksb fuflpj½ dk jke Hkzej Hkwf"krk**A
bl n`f"Vdks.k ls] bl pkSikbZ dk HkkokFkZ dYiuk gS] dkj.k fd jko.k ;fr ds os'k esa
gqvk fd okujkfn :ih Hkä x.k fofo/k fof/k;ksa vk;k Fkk bldh tkudkjh ,d ek= lhrkth dks
ls osn&iqjk.kkfn dh O;k[;k ;k 'kks/k dj jgs gS gh gS vkSj os bl le; v'kksd okfVdk esa gSA
vFkok fofo/k /kekZoyfEc;ksa lRlaxksa esa fofo/k xksLokehth us ;g Hkh Li"V fd;k gS fd jko.k us
izdkj ls Hkxor ppkZ;sa dj jgs gSa A /;ku nsxsa viuk ;fr os'k lhrkth ds le{k gh R;kx fn;k
rks ekul esa u dsoy 'kSo] 'kkDr o lukru Fkk ^^rc jkou fut :i ns[kkok] HkbZ lHk; tc
/keZ gh ns[kus feysxk vfirq blesa vU; /keksZa ds uke lqukok**3@26@13A bruk gh ugha lhrk
Hkh mYys[k gSa tSlsfd tSu gj.k dh loZizFke lwpuk nsus okys JhtVk;qth us
/kekZoyEch lqea=th gSa ^^lsod lfpo lqea=q Hkh vigrkZ dk uke jko.k gh dgk gS ^ûkFk
cksyk,] dfg ^t; tho* lhl frUg uk,** rks nlkuu ;g xfr dhUgh] rsfga [ky tudlqrk
ôsn fonw"kd* ds uke ls ckS) /keZ dk Hkh ladr s gfj yhUgh** 3@30@2A lqxhz oth ds fn;s mins’k
gS] vkSj vQxkfuLrkuh] ;wukuh] vQzhdh] dk euu djsaxs rks ;gk¡ eqfu;ksa ds ?ksjus dk
eqlyeku ¼teu½ vkfn ^^vkHkhj teu fdjkr okLrfod dkj.k lRlax vkSj Hkxor~ ppkZ djuk
[kl Loipkfn vfr v?k:i ts** dk Hkh o.kZu gh gSA
gSA ykfx r`"kk vfrl; vdqykusA feyb u
dksm eqfu feyb rkfg lc ?ksjfga& dFkk izlax ds ty ?ku xgu Hkqykus AA
vuqlkj rks fu’kkpjksa us vf/kdka'k eqfutuksa dk rhoz I;kl yxus ls okuj x.k vR;Ur
Hk{k.k igys gh dj fy;k gS ^^fuflpj fudj O;kdqy gks jgs gSa A u rks mUgsa ty gh fey
ldy eqfu [kk,] lqfu j?kqchj u;u ty jgk gS] vkSj u gh cknyksa dh Nkag gh miyC/k
Nk,**3@8@8A blfy;s cgqr [kkstus ij gh dksbZ gS] cfYd jkg Hkh HkVd vk, gSa] vFkkZr~ nqxe Z
eqfu feyrs gaS vr% lHkh okujx.k mUgsa ?ksj ysrs ekxZ esa HkVd x;s gSaA
gSaA ;gk¡ ^?ksjfga* ls vfHkizk; ml eqfu ds lax ykfx r`"kk vfrl; vdqykus& dFkkØe ds
lRlax djuk gSA vuqlkj rks bu jkedkt esa y;yhu okujksa us u
okYehfd jkek;.k ds vuqlkj esa vxLR; rks vc rd Hkkstu gh fd;k gS o u gh foJke
eqfu dk ,d vkJe ;gk¡ ¼bl dkuu esa½ Hkh fd;k gSA vkSj vc tc rhoz r`"kk yxh] rks
dgk x;k gSA lqxhz oth us nf{k.k fn'kk ds o.kZu vius dks ,sls nqxZe LFky esa ik jgs gSa] tgk¡ u
esa ey;fxfj ds f'k[kj ij fofp= iq"iksa ls rks ty gS] u gh isM+ ikS/ks vkSj lw;Z Hkh ;gk¡
iqf"ir dkuu esa vxLR; _f"k dk vkJe crk;k rki vf/kd ns jgk gSA
gS vkSj okujx.kksa dks muds n'kZu djus dh feyb u ty ?ku xgu Hkqykus& xksLokehth dh
lEefr nh gS& izrhdkRed 'kSyh ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ ¼Lo ek=kvksa
^^fofp= f'k[kj% JhekafÜp= iqf"ir esa½ cgqr dqN jgL; xqfEQr gS A /;ku nsosa] ;gk¡
dkuu%**A4@41@13 ôu* 'kCn ugha gS A ;fn mUgsa ôu* vHkh"V
nz{;FkkfnR; ladk'ke~ gksrk rks ^?ku* ¼tks fd vfrfjDr lk Hkh yx
vxLR;e`f"klRree~**4@41@15A jgk gS½ dks gh ou cuk ldrs Fks A okYehfd
xksLokehth us ^dkuu* vkSj êqfu* in ds }kjk jkek;.k esa ^xgu futZya* in ds lkFk xqQkvksa
blh vxLR;kJe dh vksj /;kukd"kZ.k fd;k gS A vkSj ?kksj Hk;kud taxyksa ¼ou ugha½ ls Hkjs gq;s
dbZ Vhdkdkjksa dk er gS fd jko.k us fdUrq 'kq"d vkSj ty foghu izns'k esa [kkst djus
;fr ¼eqfu½ dk os'k cuk dj gh Jhlhrkth dk dk o`rkUr vk;k gS&
vigj.k fd;k Fkk A vLrq jko.k ds lansg esa gh ^^lrq ns'kks nqjUos"kks xqgk ^xgu* oku~ egku~A
;s okujx.k jkg esa feyus okys lHkh eqfu;ksa dks futZya futZua 'kwU;a xgua ?kksj
?ksj dj iwNrkaN djrs gSaA ijUrq ;g fujk/kkj n'kZue~AA ok-jk-4@48@6
okYehfd jkek;.k ds o.kZukuqlkj og vxyh pkSikb;ksa esa bldk Hkko vkSj lqLi”V
vj.; riL;k ds /kuh egf"kZ d.Mq ds 'kki ls gqvk gSA
tu thou ;kus isM+&ikS/kksa] i'kq&if{k;ksa] ekuo eu guqeku dhUg vuqekuk A eju pgr
vkSj tykfn ls jfgr gks x;k FkkA xksLokehth lc fcuq ty ikukAA
us blh o`rkUr dks ^^r`"kk] u ty] ?ku] xgu** Jhguqekuth ds eu esa izrhfr gqbZ fd ;s
bu pkj inks ds }kjk vius lkadfs rd o lc okujx.k ty fi;s fcuk vc ejuk gh
izrhdkRed 'kSyh esa izLrqr fd;k gS A pkgrs gS vFkkZr~ ej.kklUu gks x;s gSaA
^r`"kk* dk rkRi;Z gS izHkq ds izfr pkrd dh Hkk¡fr êu guqeku dhUg vuqekuk & /;ku gksxk fd
vuU; izse dh I;kl ^^pkrd jVr ^r`"kk* vfr Jhguqekuth us lcds ihNs izLFkku fd;k Fkk
vksgh**4@16@5A bl r`"kk esa ;fRdafpr~ 'kkfURk ^îkNsa iouru; fl# ukok**A ogk¡ ;g Hkh Li"V
,d ek= Hkxor~ ppkZ ls gh fey ldrh gS A fd;k Fkk fd mRre&iq#"k lnSo ihNs gh jguk
tSlk fd Hkjrth dks izHkq ds vkxeu dh lqudj ialn djrs gSa A ;g Hkh ge tkurs gS fd ihNs
gqbZ Fkh ^^lqur cpu fcljs lc nw[kk] ^r`"kkoar* pyus okykssa dks vkxs okyksa dk gky fdlh ds
ftfe ikb fi;w"kk**7@1@6A ;gk¡ bu okuj :ih crkus ij gh fey ldrk gS A ;gk¡ iouru;
lk/kdksa dks Hkh lhrkjkethds lq;'k :ih ^ty* dks fdlh us crk;k ugha gS cfYd muds ân; dks
dh gh r`"kk yxh gS A ekul izdj.k esa ^lfyy* ^^mj izsjd j?kqcal fcHkw"ku** dh izsj.kk gqbZ A
ls bldk ladr s gS ^^jke lh; tl ^lfyy* bls n'kkZus ds fy;s êu* ds lax ^guqeku* in
lq/kkle] miek chfp fcykl euksje**1@36@3A dks vkxs j[kk x;k gS vU;Fkk mPpkj.k dh n`f"V
ogk¡ dgk x;k gS fd blds Jo.k ek= ls r`f"kr ls ^êu vuqeku dhUg guqekuk** ikB T;knk
dh r`".kk o eu dk eSy gj tkrk gS ^^vnHkqr Bhd jgrkA
lfyy lqur xqudkjh] vkl fivkl euksey eju pgr lc fcuq ty ikuk & pw¡fd
gkjh**A vkSj ;g ty lar:ih ^?ku* ls gh izkIr Jhguqekuth ds eq[k esa rks Jhjkeuke okyh
gksxk ^^csn iqjku mnf/k ^?ku eqfnzdk gS] nwljs 'kCnksa esa os lgt HkfDrekxZ dk
lk/kw**1@35@3A vFkok ^^jke fla/kq ^?ku lTtu* vuqlj.k dj jgs gSa ^^Hkxfr djr fcuq tru
/khjk] panu r# gfj lar lehjk** 7@119@17A iz;klk] laLk`fr ewy vfo|k uklk**7@118@8A
^xgu Hkqykus* & ladr s gS fd ;s okuj :ih blfy;s os rks iw.kZ pSrU; o lgtkoLFkk esa gSa
lk/kd x.k] lqxe HkfDr ekxZ ls HkVd dj fdUrq vU; lc okujx.k iaFk jkg ls HkVds gq;s
gB&;ksx esa pys x;s gSaA Jhjketh us gSa ^xgu Hkqykus* vkSj vc rks ej.k lehi Hkh
v;ks/;kokfl;ksa dks HkfDr lw= le>krs gq;s vk pqds gSaA
bldk fu"ks/k fd;k gS& ;gk¡ êju pgr* esa Li"V /ofur gS fd
^^dggq Hkxfr iFk dou iz;klk] tksx u e[k ;s lc vius gh iz;klksa ls ej.kklUu gq;s gSa A
ti ri mioklk**A xksLokehth us ^^Kku nhid izlax** vkSj ^^HkfDr
^^ljy lqHkko u eu dqfVykbZ tFkk ykHk larks"k ef.k izlax** esa KkuekxZ dh tks vusd
lnkbZ**7@45@1&2 mRlkg ds dfBukbZ;ka n'kkZbZ gSa ^^ti ri czr te fu;e
vfrjsd esa lk/kdx.k mxz lk/kuk ds }kjk 'kjhj vikjk] ts Jqfr dg lqHk /keZ
dks gh dlus ¼d`”k djus½ yxs] tSlk fd tSu vpkjk**7@119@10A os gh lc bl n`"VkUr esa
/kekZoyEch yEcs futZy mioklksa ls dlrs gaS] ewfrZoar gq;s gSa A ogk¡ crk;s x;s lkjs d"Vizn
ftldk ladr s vHkh ^fcljk ru dj Nksg* esa fu;eksa dk ikyu djus ds ckn Hkh lQyrk
fd;k gSA vkxs mÙkjdk.M esa Li"V dgk gS fd lafnX/k dgh xbZ gS ^^X;kuq iaFk dìku dS /kkjk]
ru ds fcuk Hkxon~ Hktu laHko gh ugha gS ijr [kxsl gksb ufga ckjk**7@118@1 vkSj
^^ru fcuq csn Hktu ufga cjuk**7@95@4 fuxqZ.k ekxZ ;k Kku iafFk;ksa ds mxz riL;kfn esa
'kjhj dk d`'k gksuk lqfu’pr gS ^^vfLFkek= gksb dgkA f'k[kj loksZPp Kku ds izrhd gSaA lalkj
jgs ljhjk**1@144@4A ;gh n'kk bu okujksa dh ds lqizfl) Kkuh Hkxoku 'kadjth] /;kuh
gSA tcfd Hkxon~&vkjk/kuk ds fy;s LoLFk 'kjhj ykse'kth] HkDrjkt dkdHkq'kqf.Mth bR;kfn dk
dh ¼^ru fcuq osn Hktu ufga cjuk*½ okl bUgha ikou f'k[kjksa ij dgk x;k gS&
vko';drk crkbZ xbZ gSA Hkxoku Jhd`".k us Hkh ^îje jE; ^fxfjc#* dSyklw] lnk tgk¡ flo
xhrkth esa ;ksxh ds fy;s ;Fkk ;ksX;] vkgkj] mek fuoklw**1@104@8] ^^rklq dud e;
funzk o tkxus dh laLrqfr dh gS& ^fl[kj* lqgk;s**A7@55@8] ^^rsfga ^fxfj* #fpj
^^;qDrkgkjfogkjL;] ;qDr ps"VL; deZlq A clb [kx ¼dkdHkq'kqf.Mth½ lksbZ**7@56@1]
;qDr LoIukocks/kL; ;ksxks Hkofr ^ês# ^fl[kj* cV Nk;k eqfu yksel
nq%[kgk**AA6@17Jh e-xhrk vklhu**7@110A ,sls gh ikou ^fxfj f’k[kj*
^fcuq ty ikuk*& tSlkfd fiNyh pkSikbZ esa Li”V ij guqekuth p<+s gSaA
fd;k Fkk fd ;g ^ty* ;k lfyy vkSj dqN ugha Hkwfe fccj ,d dkSrqd is[kk & Jhguqekuth Hkh
cfYd jke lq;'k ;kus Hkxon~ HkfDr dk izrhd bUgha Kkuh /;kfu;ksa ds leku ^^ftrsfUnz;a
ek= gS ^^jke lh; tl lfyy lq/kkle**A ;g cqf)erka ofj"Be~** gSA lkFk gh os ^êukstoa
ve`r leku rks gS gh bldk fdlh Hkh izdkj ek#r rqY; osxa** Hkh gSA vr% lVkd ls os ml
n’kZ Li’kZ esa eTtu o iku djus ls ikiksa dk ^^fxfj f'k[kj** ij igq¡p x;s A ijUrq ;s okuj
Hkh fuokj.k gksrk gS ^^njl ijl eTtu v# :ih lk/kd rks ^êju pgr** fLFkfr esa gSaA
ikukA gjb iki dg csn iqjkuk**1@34@1A buesa vc lk/kkj.k igkM+ ij p<+us dh Hkh
guqekuth dh Hkwfedk thokpk;Z dh gS] ;g rF; lkeF;Z dgk¡ \ fdUrq izHkq dh ok.kh gS ^^Hktfg
igys gh crk;k tk pqdk gSA vc rks os izHkq ds ts eksfg rft ldy HkjkslkA djm¡ lnk frUg dS
}kjk nhf{kr Hkh gSa ^^dj eqfnzdk nhfUg tu j[kokjh] ftfe ckyd jk[kb egrkjh**3@42@5A
tkuh**A vr% guqekuth :ih thokpk;Z ds eu pWwafd ;s lk/kd p<+us esa vleFkZ gSa A vr%
esa vk;k fd bu grksRlkfgr vkSj ej.kklUu dkSrqdh dìkyq us budh izk.k j{kk gsrq ogha mUgha
lk/kdkas dks vc jke lq;'k :ih peRdkjh ty ds /kjkry ij gh] leL;k dk funku ;kus ^Hkwfe
iku ds }kjk gh cpk;k tk ldrk gS A fccj* :ih ,d vnHkqr foLe;dkjh dkSrqd
pf<+ fxfj fl[kj pgw¡ fnfl ns[kkAHkwfe izLrqr dj fn;kA bl fo”k; esa Jhguqekuth ds
fccj ,d dkSrqd is[kkA gh ?kuhHkwr Hkxoku lnkf'ko dk rks igys ls gh
Jhiouiq= us ioZr f'k[kj ij p<+dj ekuuk gS&
pkjksa vksj ns[kk rks mudh izKk dks Hkwfe danjk ^^gfj C;kid loZ= lekuk] izse rs izxV gksfga eSa
esa ,d vnHkqr n`'; ¼dkSrqd½ fn[kkbZ iM+k A tkukA
is[kk¾isz{kk] foosd A nsl dky fnfl fcfnflgq ekgha] dggq lks dgk¡ tgk¡ izHkq
pf<+ fxfj f'k[kj pgw¡ fnfl ns[kk & leL;k dk ukgh**A1@184@6
lek/kku izkIr djus ds fy;s ;FkkfLFkfr ls Åij ^^,d**&xksLokehth us bl ^,d* in dk iz;ksx
mBuk gh ^^pf<+ fxfj** ns[kuk gS ^^rc dsoV ^m¡ps ,slh laKkvksa ds fy;s fd;k gS tksfd vf}rh;
pf<+* /kkbZ] dgsm Hkjr lu Hkqtk mBkbZ**2@236@1] vkSj vuqie gSa ;kus fd ftldh lekurk vkSj
vkSj igys gh dgk gS fxfj ;k ioZr vkfn osn dgha ns[kus dks gh u feysA tSlsfd ifjNkbZ ds
iqjku ds izrhd gSa ^îkou icZr csn iqjkuk] }kjk tho tUrqvksa dks idM+ ysus okyh fuf'kpjh]
jkedFkk #fpjkdj ukuk**7@119@3A pw¡fd <w<+us ij Hkh vkidks ;g lalkj esa dgha nwljh
dsoV ;k fu"kkn vkfn osn iqjk.kksa ds Kkrk ugha ugha feysxh ^^fuflpjh ^,d* fla/kq egq¡ jgbZ]
gksrs gSa vr% xksLokehth us muds mnkgj.k esa dfj ek;k uHkq ds [kx xgbZ**5@2@1A oSls gh
^fxfj* in Hkh ugha yxk;k] dsoy ^m¡ps pf<+* gh ;g ^^Hkwfe fccj** okyk dkSrqd Hkh vius vki
esa vn~Hkqr gS] dgha ns[kus dks ugha feysxkA blh gq;s] muesa ;gh xq.k n'kkZ;s gaS ^^Hkjr fcu; lqfu
vf};rk dh vksj /;kukd"kZ.k ds fy;s ;gkWa ^,d* lcfg izlalh] [khj uhj fccju xfr
fo'ks"k.k fn;k x;k gSA galh**2@313@8A vkSj cxqyk <ksaxh nEHkh vkSj
ekuleeZKksa ds vuqlkj ;g ^Hkwfe fccj* fo"k;h gksus ds dkj.k reksx.q k dk izrhd gS
aêu* dh xqQk gSA oLrqr% vgadkj prq"V; ¼eu] ^^vfr [ky ts fo"k;h cx dkxk] ,fg lj fudV
cqf)] fpÙk vkSj vgadkj½ ds vUrxZr ftu pkj u tkfga vHkkxk**1@36@3A ekul esa pdok]
xqQkvksa dh ppkZ igys dh xbZ gS] pdksj] pkrd] g¡l vkfn bu vlk/kkj.k ty
dFkkdzekuqlkj] bl Hkwfe fccj okyh dks] rhljh if{k;ksa dks fofHkUu dksfV ds iq.;tu] lk/kq lar
xqQk dks] eu dh xqQk dgk x;k gSA igyh xqQk vkSj jke dk ;'kksxku djus okys lk/kdksa]
ftls fxfjcj xqgk¡ dgk Fkk] ftlesa ckyh vkSj HkDrtuksa dk izrhd dgk x;k gS ^^lqd`fr lk/kq
ek;koh yM+s Fks] bls ^vgadkj* dh xqQk ekuk uke xqu xkuk] rs fcfp= ty fcgx
x;k gS] vkSj izo"kZ.k ioZr dh ^fxfj xqgka* ftlesa ^lekuk**A1@36@11 vkSj ^[kx* in ls rkRi;Z
jkey{e.kth us fuokl fd;k Fkk] dks ^fpÙk* dh] nsokfn x.kksa ls gSA fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa Li”V dgk
,oa vkxs laikrhth okyh ^fxfj danjk* vk;sxh x;k gS fd ^[kx* :i esa nsokfnx.k gh fl)]
mls cqf) dh xqQk dgk x;k gSA eqfu tu vkSj jketh dh lsok esa i/kkjs gq;s gSa
dkSrqd & dFkk izlaxksa ds chp esa ^dkSrqd* in ^ê/kqdj ^[kx* e`x ruq /kfj nsok] djfga fl)
iz;qDr gksuk bl ckr dk Hkh ladr s d gS fd pkj eqfu izHkq dS lsok**4@12@4A fdUrq /;ku nsus
jkekorkjksa esa ls] ,d ;kus ukjnth ds }kjk fn;s dh ckr gS fd tgk¡ fo"k;h cxqys gksrs gSa ogk¡
Jki ds dkj.k {khj'kk;h fo".kqth us tks yhyk dh foosdh g¡l ugha tkrs gSa& ^^tsfg lj dkd dad
Fkh] ;gk¡ mlh dh dFkk ;gk¡ dgh tk jgh gSA ^cd* lwdj] D;ksa êjky* rg¡ vkor** fo-i-
ogk¡ ukjn izlax esa] vusdksa ckj ^^dkSrqd** in 185@3A ijUrq ;gk¡ ^dkSrqd* ;kus vk'p;Z blh
vk;k gS ^êqfu dj fgr ee ^dkSrqd^ ckr dk gS fd ;s nksuksa fHkUu izd`fr ds gksus ij
gksbZ**1@128@6A oLrqr% dkSrqfd&dìkyq vius Hkh os bl fooj esa ,d lkFk izos'k ys jgs gSaA
HkDrksa ds fgr ds fy;s] viuh fo|k ek;k dks cgqrd [kx izfclfga rsfg ekgha & ogk¡ ty
izsfjr djds tks vn~Hkqr] vfuoZpuh; dk;Z djkrs if{k;ksa dk fn[kykbZ iM+uk blls eksVk&eksVh
gSa mUgha dks ^dkSrqd* dgk x;k gS ^^fcjpsm ex vfHkizk; gS fd bl fooj esa tyk'k; ;k
egq¡ uxj rsfga ¼ek;k½ lr tkstu fcLrkjA lj&lfjrk gSA fdUrq /;ku jgs fd êkul*
Jhfuokliqj rsa vf/kd jpuk fcfc/k izdkj** HkfDr 'kkL= gS vkSj xksLokehth us bls lj ;k
1@129A Hkwfe fccj Hkh ,slk gh ,d vn~Hkqr eku ljksoj ds :id ls cka/k j[kk gS&
^dkSrqd* gS tksfd vkxs ns[kus i<+us feysxkA ^^lqfB lqanj lackn cj fcjps cqf) fcpkfjA
pØckd cd gal mM+kgha A cgqrd [kx rsb ,fg ikou lqHkx ^lj* ?kkV euksgj
izfclfga rsfg ekgha AA pkfj**A1@36
guqekuth us ns[kk fd ml Hkwfooj ds ogk¡ mudk Li"V dguk gS fd ftl ij jke
Åij pdos] cxqys vkSj g¡l mM+ jgs gSa ,oe~ dìk gksxh ogha bl ^lj* esa xksrk yxk ik;sxk
cgqr ls i{kh ¼lqd`fr½ mlesa izos'k Hkh ys jgs gSa ^^jke lqdìk¡ fcyksdfga tsgh**] ^^lksb lknj lj
A eTtuq djbZ] egk?kksj =;rki u
pØckd cd gal mM+kgh & ;s rhuksa gh ty esa tjbZ**1@38@6A
fopjus okys i{kh gSaA buesa g¡l dks lrksx.q kh ;gk¡ ^cgqrd* in ds }kjk ladr s fd;k fd blesa
vkSj foosdh ;kus uhj {khj dks foyx djus dh lHkh rks ugha fdUrq
{kerk okyk ekuk tkrk gSA Hkjrth tSsls izseh vf/kdka'k lqd`r'kkyh vkSj jke dìkk izkIr yksx
HkDr ds fy;s xksLokehth us g¡l dh miek nsrs izos'k ys jgs gSaA ijUrq ;gk¡ rd igq¡p dj Hkh
dqN cxqyk HkDr izos'k ls oafpr jg tk jgs gSa ^^lksb fccj fn[kkok** esa iz;qDr ^^lksb** in
^^rsfg dkju vkor fg;¡ gkjs] dkeh dkd cykd viuh vyx gh xkFkk lesVs gq;s gS A FkksM+k lk
fcpkjs**A1@36@5 ,sls yksxksa ds fy;s Hkh ogk¡ /;ku nsxas rks vkidks Hkh ;g ^lksb* in vkdf"kZr
mik; crk;k gS ^^tks ugkb pg ,fg lj HkkbZ] djrk yxsxk A ek=kvksa dh fxurh dh n`f"V ls
lks lrlax djm eu ykbZ**A1@38@8 vr% Hkh ns[ksxsa rks yxsxk fd ^lksbZ* in ds LFkku ij
pdos vkSj g¡l ds lax ls dqNsd cxqys Hkh ^lks* 'kCn jgrk rks T;knk Bhd jgrk A fdUrq
mlesa izos’k ys jgs gSaA vkSj ;s okuj:ih nsox.k ;g ^lksb* in ukjn eksg izlax esa] ukjnth dks
rks igys ls gh lqxhz oth ds vkns'kkuqlkj lRlax foeksfgr djus ds fy;s tks izHkq dh ek;k
¼^^ldy lqHkV&fefy**¾lRlax½ djrs gq;s py ^^fo'oeksfguh** cuh Fkh mldk ladr s d gS ^^lksb*
jgs gSaA vr% lRlax ds QyLo:i ;s Hkh izos’k gfj ek;k lc xqu [kkuh] lksHkk rklq fd tkb
ds vf/kdkjh gSaA c[kkuh**1@129@5A ^^chpfga iaFk feys nuqtkjh
fxfj rs mrfj ioulqr vkokA lc dgq¡ yS lax jek ^lksb* jktdqekjh**1@135@4A oLrqr%
lksb fccj ns[kkokAA ukjn eksg fdaok fo'oeksguh izlax ds lkFk bl
rc ioZr ls mrjdj iouiq= ogk¡ vk;s Lo;aizHkk izlax dk lEcU/k n'kkZus ds fy;s gh
vkSj mUgksaus lcdks ys tkdj ogh Hkwfe fccj ogk¡ iz;qDr gq;s inksa dks ;gk¡ Hkh ¼/;kukd"kZ.k
¼xqgk½ fn[kyk;kA gsrq liz;kl Hkh½ iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS A
fxfj rs mrfj ioulqr vkok & ;gk¡ vkxsa dj guqearfg yhUgk A iSBs fccj
Jhguqekuth ds fy;s iqu% îoulqr* in iz;qDr fcyacq u dhUgk AA
gqvk gSA îoulqr* n'kkZrk gS fd os lc ds vkxs guqekuth ds gkFk ¼dj½ dks ysdj
izk.kj{kd ,oa ikourk iznku djus okys gSaA iou ;kus muds gkFk ds lgkjs ,d nwljs dk gkFk
ds leku muesa ljyrk ls loZ= xeu o izos'k idM+dj os ml Hkwfe xqgk esa vfoyEc ?kql x;sA
ysusa dh {kerk Hkh gS A pw¡fd os vYi le; esa Hkwfe fccj¾fcy] danjkA
gh fxfj f'k[kj ij p<+dj iqu% mrj Hkh vk;s vkxsa dj guqearfg yhUgk & Vksyh ds uk;d
gSa vr% ^^fxfj rs mrfj** igys dgk x;kA Jhvxanth ds LFkku ij vc guqekuth dks vkxs
lc dgq¡ yS lksb fccj ns[kkok & ^^lc dgq¡ yS** j[kus ds vusdkusd dkj.k gSa A ¼1½ Hkwfe esa
dgus dk Hkko gS fd vf/kdka'k okujx.k cuh njkt ;k fcy esa lw;Z ds izdk’k dk vHkko
ej.kklUu ¼eju pgr½ dh fLFkfr esa gSaA jgrk gS vr% ogk¡ ?kus
tyk'k; ioZr dh rygVh ij gh gS A ;g vU/kdkj dk gksuk ,d uSlfxZd rF; gSA
lqudj Hkh muesa psrurk ugha vkbZ A Hkxoku ckYehfd jkek;.k esa rks bl xqgk dks jksaxVs [kM+s
Jhd`".k us Jhxhrkth esa vk'oklu fn;k gS fd dj nsus dh gn rd dh Hk;kouh crk;k gS
HkxoRizkfIr gsrq deZ ¼vl;afer½ djus okyk dksbZ ^^nqnZ'kfeo ?kksja p nqfoZxkg~;a p
Hkh euq"; nqxfZ r dks izkIr ugha gksrk ^û fg loZ'k%**4@50@12A blfy;s lHkh us
dY;k.kd`Rdf'pn~nqxZfra rkr xPNfr**6@40A rc Jhguqearykyth] ftUgsa fd jfo Hk{k.k ds vFkZ ls
bu cky le; esa gh iz[;kfr izkIr gks pqdh gS] ds
lk/kdksa dh nqxfZ r dSls gks ldrh gS \ vr,o usr`Ro esa fccj izos'k djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA
izHkq dìk ls muds iSj rys gh Hkwfe fccj izxV ¼2½ usr`Ro ifjorZu dk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS
gks x;k vkSj iouiq= dks gh mUgsa Bsy&Bky dj] fd xqQk ds fo”k; esa Lo;a vaxnth dk vuqHko
lEHkor% dqN dks rks ykndj Hkh ml Hkw fooj vR;Ur dVq jgk gSA muds firk ckyh vkSj
rd ys tkuk iM+kA vr% ^^lc dgq¡* yS** dgk lqxhz oth eas la?k"kZ dk dkj.k ,d xqQk&izos'k gh
x;kA cuk Fkk] ftlesa mUgsa firk dks [kksuk iM+k FkkA
blfy;s os mlesa vHkh Hkh f[kUu eu ls gh
izos'k ys jgs gSaA ¼3½ Jhguqekuth egkjkt dk pys cgqfj j?kqjk;k**A fQj ^^yhUgk** in ysus
Jhfoxzg fiaxy o.kZ dk gS A vr% os vius ¼xzg.k djus½ ds vFkZ esa yxk gh gS ^^gfj
vkiesa gh nsnhI;eku ¼pedhys½ gS] dgk Hkh gS yhUgsfl lcZlq v# ukjh**A vc bu ej.kklUu
^^dud cju ru rst fcjktk] ekugq vij okujksa esa bruh mtkZ dgk¡ fd os ^^guqearfg
fxfjUg dj jktk**A v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Hkh mUgsa yhUgk** guqekuth dks gh mBkysaA os rks muds
dud o.kZ vkSj cky lw;Z ds leku jDrkHk gkFk dks gh gkFk esa ys ldrs gSa tSls fd jko.k
eq[kokys dgk gS ^êgkuxzsUn izfreks egkRek lqo.kZ ds fy, vk;k gS ^^vkiquq pym xnk ^dj*
o.kksZa·#.k pk#oD=%**4@9@29A blfy;s bl yhUgha**1@181@4A
vU/kdkjiw.kZ LFkku esa guqekuth :ih cky lw;Z JhxksLokehth ^^Hkko vfer vk[kj vfr
dk gh vkxs jguk fgrdj gSA ¼4½ xgjs dq¡vks] Fkksjs** esa egkif.Mr gS A vr% ^dj* in ls
xqQkvksa vkSj fcyksa esa izk.kok;q dh bruh deh mijksä jkek;.kksa esa dgs ck¡g ls ck¡g xgus ds
jgrh gS fd ogk¡ lk/kkj.k euq"; th ugha ldrk] Hkko dks izdV fd;k gSA ,d nwljs dh ck¡g
dsoy ljh&lì] tho tUrq ;k dqNsd [kxkfn gh idM+h gksus ds dkj.k gh os lc rRdky fooj esa
muesa jg ikrs gSaA pw¡fd ioulqr îou lekuk* izos'k dj x;s vr% lwfpr fd;k fd ^îSBs fccj
gSaA vr% ;s vkxs jgsxsa rks lHkh dks ean lqx/a k fcyacq u dhUgk**A
ok;q Lo;a gh feyrh jgsxhA vr% bUgsa vkxs j[kk nksgk& nh[k tkb micu cj lj fcxflr
x;kA cgq dat A
iSBs fccj fcyacq u dhUgk & v/;kRe jkek;.k eafnj ,d #fpj rg¡ cSfB ukfj ri
esa dgk x;k gS fd guqekuth dks vkxs djds
lc ckuj ,d nwljs dh ck¡g esa ck¡g Mkys gq;s iqat AA24AA
ml fccj esa izos'k dj x;s& xgjh nwj tkus ds ckn mUgsa Js"B lqanj
^^bR;qDRok guqekuxzs izfoos'k reUo;q%A miou vkSj fnO; ljksoj fn[kkbZ iM+k ftlesa
losZ ijLija /k`Rok ckgwUckgqfHk#Rlqdk%**AA vusd izdkj ds fnO; dey f[kys gq;s gSa ogha
4@6@36 ij ,d fnO; euksgkjh Hkou ¼eafnj½ esa ri ds
ckYehfd jkek;.k esa Hkh o.kZu gS fd os ,d rst ls rstfLouh ukjh cSBh gqbZ gSA nh[k tkb
nwljs dks idM+s gq;s mlesa ,d ;kstu rd pys micu cj lj & cgqr nwj ¼ ,d ;kstu½ pyus
x;s ^^vU;ksU;a lEifj"oT; tXeq;ksZtueUrje~** ds ckn fn[kkbZ fn;k blfy;s ^^nh[k** ¼nh?kZ½ ds
4@50@21A pw¡fd xhrkizsl ls izdkf'kr lkFk ^^tkb** yxk;k x;kA ^micu cj*&e;klqj
jkepfjr ekul esa ^dj* in ds LFkku ij ^dS* }kjk fufeZr bl Js"B okfVdk ds o`{k] yrk]
Nik gqvk gS vkSj ukxjh izpkfj.kh lHkk ds i=&iq"i bR;kfn lHkh gh lqo.Zke; vkSj ef.ke;
ekul esa ^dj* gh Nik gS A ys[kd us Hkh ^dj* Fks ,oa vfXu ds leku izHkkflr gks jgs Fks
in dks Lohdkj fd;k gS] ,slk djus ij gh ^^nn`'kq% dkapuku~ o`{kku~ nhIroS'okuj izHkku~**Aok-
v/;kRe jkek;.k ds Hkkokuqlkj ^^guqekuth ds jk-4@50@24A bldk okYehfd jkek;.k esa
gkFk dks idM+ dj mUgsa vkxs j[krs gq;s fccj esa foLrkj ls o.kZu gSA xksLokehth us miou ds
izos'k ysuk** cusxk A ;ksa Hkh ^dS* dk vFkZ ^dh* lkFk ^cj* ¼oj] Js"B½ in yxk dj blh fnO;rk
gksrk gS& ^^ty fcyksfd frUg ^dS* ifjNkgha** ;k dh vksj ladr s fd;k gSA ^cj* in ;gka 'ys"k gSA
^^lqfu laikfr ca/kq dS djuh** vr% ^dS* ;gk¡ cj lj fcxflr cgq dat & ^^vk[kj vfr
lVhd ugha cSBrkA blds vykok ;gka vkxs in Fkksjs** iz;ksx djus esa fl)Lr xksLokehth ds fy;s
esa vuqLokj ¼&a½ yxk gqvk gSA ;g dsoy ;gk¡ ^fcxflr* in dh vko';drk gh ugha Fkh]
'kqHklwpd gh ugh vfirq blesa ^dS* dk Hkko vFkZ vkSj ek=k nksuksa dh n`f"V ls Hkh ughaA
^dh* o lEeku nsus dk Hkko Hkh fufgr gS ^^vkxsa ^fcxflr* rks ;gk¡ bl ckr dh vksj /;kukd"kZ.k
ds fy;s j[kk x;k gS fd ;g Lof.kZe okfVdk ;k
;g Lof.kZe ljksoj d`f=e ;k ltkoVh ugha gSA oL=ksa ds dkj.k buds vax izR;ax dk o.kZu Hkh
vfirq blesa dey iw.kZ fodflr ;kus f[kys gq;s i<+us fey tk;sxk A xksLokehth dh n`f"V esa Hkh
gSaA ;g oSKkfud lR; gS fd deyksa dks f[kyus ;g o`)k ugha gSaA D;ksafd ;ksxk:<+ voLFkk esa
ds fy;s lw;Z&izdk'k dh vkSj defyfu;ksa dks O;fDr o`) gks gh ugha ldrkA bl voLFkk esa
^fodflr* gksus ds fy;s pUnz vkSj lw;Z nksuks ds rks izk.k Hkh 'kjhj dks NksM+dj ugha tk ldrs&
gh izdk'k dh vko';drk vR;ko';d gS& ^ûke ikg# fnol fufl /;ku rqEgkj
^^Hkkuq* dey dqy iks"kfugkjk** 2@16@7 bl dikV A
^fcxflr* in ls xksLokehth us lwfpr dj fn;k ykspu fut in taf=r ^tkfga izku dsfga
fd ;g tehankst {ks= lw;Z ds leku izdkf'kr Hkh ckV** AA 5@30
gSA okYehfdth us rks Li"V 'kCnksa esa dgk gS fd vr% fL=;ksfpr e;kZnk cuk;s j[kus ds
os ns[kus esa izkr% dkyhu lw;Z fy;s gh ^êafnj** in iz;qDr fd;k gSA vfHkizk;
^^r#.kkfnR;aladk'kku~ oSnw;Ze; gS fd izHkq n'kZuksa ds le; ge eafnj esa ftl
osfndku~**4@50@27A ifo= vkSj J)k Hkko ls ijkbZ ek¡ cgu csVh dh
eafnj ,d #fpj rg¡ & xksLokehth dk êafnj* vksj n`f"V Mkyrs gSaA Lo;aizHkkth ds izfr Hkh ogh
in iz;qDr djus dk D;k vfHkizk; gS bldk Hkko bu okujksa ds eu esa gS A
Li"Vhdj.k ^^dfj fcurh eafnj yS vk,** cSfB ukfj ri iqat & ^^cSfB ukfj** ls lwfpr
4@19@5A esa gqvk gS] dì;k mls iqu% ns[kysa A fd;k fd ;ksxk:<+ voLFkk esa cSBh gS ^^;ksfxuha
ogk¡ fn;k gqvk ;g rdZ fd fL=;ksa ds jgus ij ;ksxekfLFkrke~**] bldh ppkZ Åij gks pqdh gSA
gh Hkou eafnj dgykrk gS] bl txg iw.kZr;k pw¡fd Lo;aizHkkth ds uke dk mYys[k ekul esa
[kjk mrjrk gSA D;ksafd ckYehfd jkek;.k vkSj dgha ugha gSA ;gk¡ Hkh mudk uke vU; xzUFkksa ds
v/;kRe jkek;.k esa bl txg dks efUnj u dg vk/kkj ij gh fy;k x;k gSA Vhdkdkj uke u
dj Hkou gh dgk gS& nsus ds ihNs vyx vyx dkj.k nsrs gSa A fogaxe
^^fofLerkLr= Hkous fnO;sdudfo"VjsA n`f"V ls ns[kus ij rks gesa Hkh yxsxk fd
izHk;k nhI;ekuka rq nn`'kq% xksLokehth us Lo;aizHkkth ds uke dks egÙo ugha
fL=;esddke~**AAv-jk-4@6@39&40 fn;k gSA ijUrq xgjkbZ esa iSBus ij ;gh izrhfr
oLrqr% ;gk¡ blesa fdlh nsoh nsork dh ewfrZ gS gksxh fd mUgksaus gesa uke ls Hkh dqN vf/kd gh
gh ughaA bl Lof.kZe Hkou dks rks nkuoksa ds ijkslk gSA ^Lo;a izHkk* dk vFkZ gS Lo;a ds
fo'odekZ e;klqj us viuh izs;lh ds fy;s izdk'k ls izdk'kekuA vkSj ^^ri iqat** dk vFkZ
cuk;k Fkk& ^îqjk Hkh ogh gS¾ri ls rstfLdz;jkf'k ¼izdk'k iqat½A
nkuoeq[;kuka fo'odekZ cHkwo gA Hkwfe foojksa esa lw;Z izdk'k ugha igqaWp ikrkA vkSj
;susna dkapua fnO;a fufeZra bl fooj esa Hkh xgu vU/kdkj gSA ;s lc
^HkouksÙkee~**AA4@51@11 okuj Hkh dldj ,d nwljs dk gkFk idM+ dj
tgk¡ okYehfd jkek;.k esa bu Lo;aizHkkth dks gh ;gka rd vk ik;ss Fks ^^rrks xk<a fuifrrk
o`)k rifLouh dgk x;k gS x`á gLrS% ijLije~**4@52@14 ok- jk-A fdUrq
^^d`rkatfyLrkefHkok| o`)ke~** 4@50@41A ogha lHkh jkek;.kksa esa of.kZr o.kZu ds vuqlkj blesa
vU; jkek;.kksa esa bUgs je.kh] ;qokL=h] ;ksfxuh isM+ ikS/kksa ls ;qDr Js"B miou Hkh gaS] vkSj
vkfn ds :i esa fpf=r fd;k gSA v/;kRe ljksoj esa iw.kZ fodflr dey Hkh gSa A ,sls esa]
jkek;.k esa Hkh bUgsa phj oL= ¼ek= ,d diM+k½ ftKklk gksuk LokHkkfod gS fd lw;Z&izdk'k ds
/kkj.k fd;s gq;s ;ksxk:<+ ;ksfxuh n'kkZ;k gS vHkko esa ^cgq dat* ¼deykfn½ fodflr dSls
^^/;k;Urha phjoluka ;ksfxuha ;ksxekfLFkrke~** gq;s \ FkksM+k lk fpUru djus ij lek/kku fey
4@6@40 vkSj dEc jkek;.k esa rks vR;Yi tk;sxk fd ;s lc ^ri%iqat* ukjh ds 'kjhj lss
izLQqfVr gksus okys izdk'k ls fodflr gq;s gSa] nq"dj gS ^^thork nq"dja eU;s izfo"Vsu
vFkkZr ;g Lo;aizHkk gaSA fuofrZrqe~** 4@52@26 A fdUrq ;s lHkh jke
v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Li"V dgk gS fd og vius HkDr gSa vkSj buds lax ^^cqf)erke~ ofj"Be~**
rst ls ml LFkku dks izdkf'kr dj jgha Fkha Jhguqekuth Hkh gS A blfy;s bl ek;k dks
^îzHk;k nhI;ekuka rq nn`'kq%**4@6@40A bl ^^nwfj rs rkfg lcfUg fl# ukok** ;kus ;s lHkh
rF; dh vksj fo'ks"k /;kukdf"kZr djus ds fy;s dfi :ih lk/kd ek;k ls ijs gh jgs A
gh bl nksgs esa ^dat* dk îqat* ls fo"ke rqdkar iwNsa fut c`rkar lqukok & /;ku nsa ^^fl# ukok**
fd;k gS A vkSj bu fo”ke rqdkarksa ds fy, in ,d cpu gS& ^îkNs iou ru; ^fl#
xksLokehth igys gh fy[k pqds gsSa fd tgk¡ dgha ukok**A ;ksa dgk rks ^^lcfUg fl# ukok** gh gS
dfork ikB esa xfrjks/k ¼vkjksg&vojksg esa fdUrq ;gk¡ Hkh guqekuth gh lcls vkxs gSa A
vUrj½ gks rks tku ysaosa fd ogk¡ fo’ks”k xq.k Nqis vkSj rkilh ds iwNus ij mRrj nsus okys Hkh os
gSa gh gSa A ;ksa Hkh cky yhyk esa lw;Z ds fudV pys
^^/kqfu vojsc dfor xqu tkrh] ehu euksgj rs tkus okys Jhguqekuth esa gh rki lgus dh
cgq Hkk¡fr**1@36@8A 'kfDr gSA vkSj fQj ^^gse 'kSykHk nsga** gksus ls
nwfj rs rkfg lcfUg fl# ukok A iwNsa fut izdk'k dks ijkofrZr djus dh {kerk Hkh muesa
c`rkar lqukok AA gh gSA vr% ^fudV tkbZ rkfg fl# ukok* esa os
cgqr nwjh ls gh ml nsnhI;eku ;ksfxuh vdsys gSaA
dks lcus flj uok;k vkSj mlds iwNus ij ^^fut c`rkar** esa fut dk vFkZ Lo;a djus ls
¼guqekuth us½ vkfn ls var rd dk viuk Hkko cusxk fd guqekuth us Lo;a ls lEcfU/kr
o`rkUr lquk;k A ?kVukvksa dk fooj.k fn;k A tcfd lHkh
nwfj rs rkfg lcfUg fl# ukok &^nwfj rs* nwj ls jkek;.kksa esa Jhjketh ls lEcfU/kr vkfn ls ;gka
gh Lo;aizHkkth dks iz.kke djus ds vusd dkj.k rd dk ?kVukØe of.kZr gS A ;ksa Hkh guqekuth
gaS A ¼1½ ml ukjh dk ,dkdh gksuk ¼rq nn`'kq% ds pfj= esa futRo uke dh dgha dksbZ oLrq
fL=;esddke~½ vkSj ¼2½ /;ku esa eXu gksuk ns[kus dks ugha feysxh A foHkh"k.kth us iwNk fd
¼/;k;Urha½ ¼3½ ,d oL= esa gksuk ^^/;k;Urha phj ^^fciz dggq fut dFkk cq>kbZ**A ogk¡ Hkh
oluka ;ksfxuha ;ksxekfLFkrke~**A4@6@40 lEHkor% guqekuth us igys jke dFkk gh dgh gsS ^^rc
lHkh dks 'kzki feyus dk Mj Hkh yx jgk gks guqear dgh lc jke dFkk ^fut* uke** rc
¼4½ oLrqr%] eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd ;s lc vUr esa viuk uke crk;k gsSA oLrqr% ;gk¡ bl
okujx.k ?kus vU/ksjs esa ls ;dk;d rst izdk'k ^fut* in ds }kjk fo'oeksfguh izlax dh vksj
esa vk;s gSa vkSj Lo;aizHkkth gh ml fnO; izdk'k ladr s fd;k x;k gS ^^Jhifr ^fut* ek;k rc
dh lzksr Lo:i gS ^^rkilha fu;rkgkjka izsjh**] ^^fut* ek;k cy nsf[k fclkyk**] ^^fut*
ToyUrhfeo rstlk** 4@50@40ok- jk-A tc eq[k eqdqj fcyksdgq tkbZ** 1@134@6A bl iwjs
,d isVªksesDl dh jks'kuh dh vksj ns[kuk laHko izlax esa tks ^^raS] rs] rkfg] rsfga** vkfn in
ugha gS rc ^^r#.kkfnR;** dh vksj n`f"V xM+k;s vk;s gSa os ek;k ds gh izrhd gS ;Fkk ^êSa v#
j[kuk rks vlaHko gh gSA blfy;s ^^nwfj rs rkfg eksj rksj rS ek;k**3@14@2A ;s lHkh in ogk¡
lcfUg fl# ukok**A ¼5½ bl xqgk esa dkapu] fo'oeksfguh izlax esa cgqrk;r ls feysxaAs vkSj
dkfeuh vkSj lq[k Hkksxkfn dh lHkh lkexzh ;s Lo;aizHkkth Hkh izHkq dh ogh fo'oeksfguh ek;k
miyC/k gksus ds dkj.k gh bls ekul eeZKksa us gS] bldk feyku vkxs fn[kk;k gS&
eu dh xqQk dgk gSA okYehfd jkek;.k esa Hkh rsfga rc dgk djgq ty ikuk A [kkgq lqjl
bl vksj ladsr fd;k gS fd ¼izyksHkuksa esa Qal laqnj Qy ukuk AA
tkus ds dkj.k½ bl fooj ls thfor ykSVuk
rc] vFkkZr~ ;g lqurs gh fd ;s yksx }kjk vftZr fd;s x;s iq.; Qyksa ¼lqd`r :ih
Jhlhrklqf/k ij fudys gq;s jke lsod gSa vkSj Qy jl½ ls gS ^^le te fu;e Qwy Qy
vfr r`"kkrZ gksdj bl fooj esa ?kqlsa gSa] ml X;kuk] gfj in jfr ^jl* csn
ri%iqat ;ksfxuh us dgk fd igys tkvks tyiku c[kkuk**1@36@14 ;ksa rks ;s Qy Lo;a ds }kjk
djks vkSj vusd izdkj ds jlhys lqUnj Qy Hkh vftZr gS] budk jke dìk ls dksbZ ysuk nsuk
[kkvksA ugha gSaA ijUrq ;Fkksfpr le; ij budk fey
rsfga rc dgk djgq ty ikuk & dfork dh tkuk gh ^^jkedìk** gS A jke tkudhth ds
n`f"V ls ^^rc rsfga dgk** gksuk pkfg;s FkkA fookg esa n'kjFkth dks Hkh bl ckr dh ckjckj
ijUrq okrkZyki vHkh iwjk ugha gqvkA ;s vuqHkwfr gqbZ gS ^^ruq iqyd iqfu iqfu nsf[k viusa
jkelsod vfr r`"kkZr gksdj bl fooj esa ?kqls ^lqd`r* lqjr# Qy u,**1@324NanA riksfu"B
gSaA ;g lqurs gh ^rsfga* mlus igys ty dk _f"k eqfu;ksa us tSls fd Hkj}ktth] ckYehfdth]
lsou ¼ikuk¾vuqiku] vYi ek=k esa½ djus dk vf=th ;k ljHkaxth us tks Qy izHkq dks f[kyk;s
dgk gS vU;Fkk gekjh Hkkjrh; ijEijkuqlkj rks ;k HksaV fd;s gSa ^^dfj iwtk dfg cpu lqgk,]
igys dqN [kkdj rc ty ihus dh dguh pkfg;s fn;s êwy Qy* izHkq eu Hkk,**3@2@8] oLrqr%
FkhA os muds }kjk ;K&rikfn ls vftZr gq;s iq.;
;gk¡ ^ty* ls xw<+ vfHkizk; iwoZ tUeksa ds Qy gSaA ,oa] os jkedìk :ih HkfDr ikus ds
fd;s iq.;ksa ¼lqd`r½ ds Qy ls gS ^^lks ^ty* fy;s gh izHkq dks HksaV fd;s x;s& ^^tksx tX; ti
lqd`r lkfy fgr gksbZ] jke Hkxr tu thou ri czr dhUgk] izHkq dgWa nsb Hkxfr cj
lksbZ**1@35@7A ijUrq vko';d le; ij bUgsa yhUgk**3@7@7A pw¡fd uo/kk HkfDr dh
ik tkuk ^jkedìk* ij fuHkZj gS A ;g vf/kdkfj.kh 'kcjhth us vius ^lqd`rksa* ds cnys
Lo;aizHkkth okyk izdj.k ^^Hkxor~ dìk** dk esa dqN pkgk gh ugha Fkk vr% nqyZHk dSoY; in
izdj.k gh gS A Jhguqekuth dks Hkh tc Hkxor~ dks izkIr gks xbZa os ^^gfj in yhu Hkb tg¡ ufg
izsj.kk gqbZ ^êu guqeku dhUg vuqekuk** rHkh os fQjs**A blhfy;s izHkq muds Qyksa dh ckj ckj
bu lk/kdksa dks bl fooj esa yk;s A vkSj iz'kalk djrs gSa&
Lo;aizHkkth Hkh tyiku djus ds fy;s tks ljksoj ^^dan ewy Qy lqjl vfr fn;s jke dgq¡
fn[kk jgh gSa og Hkh ^^jkedìk** ljksoj gh gS& vkfuA
^^vkor ,fg ^lj* vfr dfBukbZ] ^jkedìk* izse lfgr izHkq [kk, ckjackj
fcuq vkb u tkbZ**1@37@6 ijUrq izlax izkjEHk c[kkfu**AA 3@34
esa gh ladr s fd;k x;k gS fd ;g ^jkedìk* ik= ;gk¡ ds ^^lqjl lqanj Qy** Lo;aizHkkth
;k dqik= dks ns[kdj dnkfi ugha gksrh] bls rks }kjk vftZr gS] vkSj jke HkDrksa dh lsok esa
g¡l ds lkFk ¼lRlax ls½ cxqyk Hkh dHkh&dckj vfiZr fd;s x;s gSa A ^^[kkgq** dgus esa mudk
ik tkrk gS& ^^pØckd cd g¡l mM+kgha] cgqrd okRlY; Hkko Hkh >yd jgk gS( tSlk fd
[kx izfclfga rsfg ekgha**A blhfy;s Jhlhrkth dkS'kY;k vEck dks jketh ls ¼tkm¡ cfy½ dgrs
dh fuUnk djus okys yksx Hkh ifo= v;ks/;k esa le; >ydk Fkk& ^^rkr ^tkm¡ cfy* csfx ugkgw]
LFkku ik tkrs gSa ^^fl; fuand v?k vks?k ulk,] tks eu Hkko e/kqj dNq [kkgw**A2@52@1 vkSj
yksd fclksd cukb clk,**1@15@3 vkSj ,sls blh okRlY; Hkko ls gh lhrk eS¸;k us
gh vkykspd Hkjrth ds lax fp=dwV Hkh igq¡p guqekuth dks ^ê/kqj Qy [kkgq** dh vkKk nh
tkrs gSa ^^,d ljkgfga Hkjr lusgw] dksm dfg Fkh&
uìfr fuckgsm usgw**2@201@5A ^^nsf[k cqf) cy fuiqu dfi dgsm tkudh
[kkgq lqjl lqanj Qy ukuk &;gk¡ ^^lqjl lqanj** tkgqA
Qyksa ls vfHkizk; 'ke&;e&fu;ekfn ds ikyu
j?kqifr pju ân; /kfj rkr e/kqj Qy #dkoV dk dkj.k lkeus ls iM+us okyh jks’kuh
[kkgq**A5@16 A Hkh gks ldrh gS ;k muesa dksbZ ladksp gS] bls
eTtuq dhUg e/kqj Qy [kk,A rklq fudV n'kkZus ds fy;s gh ;gk¡ ^rklq fudV* vkSj ^pfy
iqfu lc pfy vk, AA vk,* bu nksuksa inksa ds e/; ^îqfu lc**
Luku&/;ku o la/;k&oanu djds rc la;kstd j[kk x;k gSA Lo;a ns[k ysa fd bu
e/kqj Qy [kk;s vkSj fQj mlds fudV lc pys îqfu lc* inksa ds fcuk Hkh Hkko vius vki esa
vk, A iwjk gS] fdUrq fo'oeksguh izlax esa ;s in dbZ
eTtuq dhUg e/kqj Qy [kk, & igys gh lwfpr ckj iz;qDr gq;s gSaA vr% ml izlax dh vksj
fd;k gS fd ;s lHkh Hkw[k I;kl ls ej.kklUu gSa /;kukd"kZ.k ds fy;s ;gk¡ liz;kl j[ks x;s gSaA
^êju pgr lc fcuq tyikuk**A mudh ,slh rsfga lc vkifu dFkk lqukbZA eSa vc tkc
n'kk ls nzfor gksdj gh Lo;aizHkkth us okrkZyki tgk¡ j?kqjkbZ AA
dks chp esa jksd] tyiku djus dh vkKk nh ml ri iq¡t rstfLouh us mUgsa viuh
FkhA rc Hkh lcus lcls igys Luku o lc dFkk lqukbZ vkSj dgk fd vc eSa ogk¡
la/;k&oanu fd;kA blls bafxr fd;k fd tks tkm¡xh tgk¡ jktkjketh fcjkteku gSaA
oSfnd /kekZuqlkj rhu dky dh la/;k&mikluk rsfga lc vkifu dFkk lqukbZ & fofHkUu jkek;.kksa
dk fu;e gS& ^êankfdfu eTtuq frgq¡ dkyk] jke esa bl dFkk dh dFkkoLrq esa ,oa ik=kfn ds ukeksa
njl eqn eaxy ekyk**]2@279@6 vFkok esa Hkh dqN dqN vUrj gSA vr% xksLokehth us u
^^fufl izcsl eqfu vk;lq nhUgk] lcgha la/;k rks eq[; ik= Lo;aizHkkth ds uke dk gh dgha
canuq dhUgk**1@279@1] mYys[k fd;k gS vkSj u gh mudh dFkk gh izdV
mldk ifjikyu djds gh bu lcus dh gSA v/;kRe jkek;.k vkSj ckYehfd jkek;.k
Qy xzg.k fd;sA xksLokehth us lw= ns j[kk gS esa of.kZr rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij] bl ri%iqat ukjh
fd fueTtu ds lax HkfDr Hkko ;qDr la/;k us okujksa dks ^vkifu dFkk* lqukrs gq;s dgk fd
mikluk djus ls tho nSfgd] nSfod vkSj eSa xa/koZ es#lko.khZZ dh iq=h Lo;aizHkk gw¡A bl
HkkSfrd bu rhuksa rkiksa ls cpk jgsxk ^^lksb lqo.kZe;h uxjh dk fuekZ.k e; ¼vge] eSa] eu½
lknj lj eTtuq djbZ] egk?kksj ^=; rki* u uked nkuo us vius Hkksx foykl ds fy;s
tjbZ**1@38@6 vkSj bruk gh ugha ;fn tho djok;k FkkA ogha e;klqj esjh lgsyh gsek]
dk eu :ih erokyk gkFkh fo"k; :ih nkokuy ¼Lo.kZe;h½ tksfd LoxZ dh vIljk Fkh] ij
esa ty Hkh jgk gks rks og Hkh ;fn bl ^lj* vklDr gks x;kA vkSj mls Hkxk dj ;gk¡ ys
¼ljksoj½ esa xksrk yxkys] ;kus izHkq Lej.k djas vk;kA blls dq) gksdj bUnz us e;klqj dk o/k
rks lq[kh gks tk;sxk ^êu dfj fo"k; vuy cu dj fn;kA dqN o"kksZa ds ckn gsek Hkh czãyksd
tjbZ] gksb lq[kh tkSa ^,fg lj ijbZ**A1@34@8A pyh xbZA tkrs le; mlus eq>ls dgk fd rw
rklq fudV iqfu lc pfy vk, & blds igys ;gk¡ ,dkUr esa jg dj riL;k djA tc =srk;qx
lcus nwj ls iz.kke fd;k Fkk ^^nwfj rs rkfg esa HkwHkkj gj.k ds fy;s ukjk;.k dk vorkj
lcfUg fl# ukok**A fdUrq vcrd ;s lc ml gksxk vkSj mudh Hkk;kZ Jhlhrkth dks [kkstrs gq;s
ri%iqat ukjh ds ru ls izLQqfVr gksus okyh rst okuj ;gk¡ vk;sxa]s rc rqe mudk lRdkj vkSj
jks'kuh ds vH;Lr gks x;s gSa blfy;s ,oa] igys ekxZ&n'kZu djukA blls rqEgsa Hkh pjkpjifr
,dkdh ;ksfxuh ds Jki dk Hk; Hkh yx jgk Fkk] Jhj?kqukFkth ds n'kZu izkIr gksaxAs vkSj vuik;uh
vkSj vc muesa ekr` Hkko fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS HkfDr ,oa fo".kqyksd dh Hkh izkfIr gksxhA
blfy;s Hkh] vkSj ;ksfxuh dh dgkuh Hkh tkuuh Lo;aizHkkth us dgk fd vc vki yksxksa ds n'kZuksa
gS& bl mRlqdrk esa Hkh] os lc mlds lfUudV ls esjh izrh{kk dk vUr gks x;k gSA eSa vki
pys vk;sA fdUrq muds vkus dh xfr /kheh gS]
yksxksa dks bl fooj ls ckgj igq¡pk dj] Lo;a eq>s jke n'kZu feyus gS A vr% eSa rqjUr
Hkh Jhj?kqukFkth ds n'kZuksa ds fy;s tkÅ¡xhA pjkpj ds ekfyd jke ds n'kZu ds fy;s tkuk
/;ku nsa] blds iwoZ okyh v)kZyh pkgrh gw¡ ^^brks·ga xUrqfePNkfe jkea nz"Vqa
esa ^lc* in Fkk ^^lc pfy vk,**A fudV vk RojkfUork**v- jk-4@6@57A ^j?kqjkbZ* dgus esa
tkus ds ckn fy[kk tkuk pkfg;s Fkk& ^^rc rsfg mudk Hkko vius Lokeh ;k pjkpj ds ekfyd
vkifu dFkk lqukbZ** fdUrq ;gk¡ Hkh ;g ^lc* ls gS ^^fcLo:i C;kid j?kqjkbZ**A
in ¼^rc* dh txg½ nsdj] mldh iqujko`fRr dh ^^tkc tgk¡**& dk rkRi;Z yhyk gsrq bl le;
gSA vkSj izLrqfr dk <ax Hkh ^^/kqfu vojsc dfcr tgkWa os fcjkteku gSa ogkWaA
xqu tkrh** okyk gksus ls cjcl /;ku vkdf"kZr ewngq u;u fccj rft tkgwA iSggq lhrfg
djrk gS A dsoy ;g ^lc* in gh ugha vfirq tfu ifNrkgw AA
bl izlax ds vf/kdka'k in fo'oeksguh cuke viuh vk¡[ksa cUn djysa ¼/;kuLFk gks
ukjn eksg izlax esa fey tk;sxa&s feyku djsa & tk;s½ blls bl fooj ls eqDr gks tk;saxAs
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& vkidks Jhlhrkth ¼HkfDr&'kkfUr&Lo:ik½ vo';
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& feysxh] iNrkok ¼i'pkrki½ u djsaA
fo'oeksguh&ukjn eksg izlax ls ew¡ngq u;u fccj rft tkgw & igys gh dgk Fkk
Lo;aizHkkizlax dk fd ;g fooj ;k xqgk êu* dh gSA lHkh tkurs
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& gSa fd eu ds ers ¼dgs½ pyus ij bl pdzO;wg
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ls fuLrkj ugha feyrkA ckYehfd jkek;.k esa
lksb gfjek;k lc xqu [kkuh 1@129@5 lc Li"V dgk x;k gS fd ,d ckj bl fcy esa vk
dgq¡ yS lksb fccj fn[kkok tkus ds ckn thrs th blls fudy ikuk vR;Ur
fc'oeksfguh rklq dqekjh 1@129@4 rklq nq"dj gS ^^thork nq"dja eU;s izfo"Vsu
fudV iqfu lc pfy vk, fuofrZrqe~**4@52@25A vkSj vk¡[ksa can fd;s
ukjn tkfu lcfUg fl: ukok 1@132@6 fcuk rks ;gk¡ ls fudyuk vlEHko gh gS&
nwfj rs rkfg lcfUg fl# ukok ^ûfg fu"Øferqa 'kD;efuehfyr ykSpuS%**A
tc gfjek;k nwjh fuokjh 1@136@1 4@52@27
vfr vkjfr dfg dFkk lqukbZ 1@131@5 êwngw¡ u;u* dgus esa u dsoy Kkuo`) o;kso`)
rsfg lc vkifu dFkk lqukbZ o ri%iqat Lo;aizHkkth dk vuqHko gh cksy jgk
djb Lo;acj lks uìckyk 1@129@6 gS] cfYd tSlkfd Åij ladr s fd;k Fkk os Lo;a
lks iqfu xb tgk¡ j?kqukFkk
fo|k ek;k gSa vkSj izHkq izsj.kk ls Hkäksa dh lsok
iqfu&iqfu eqfu mdlfga vdqykgha 1@134@2
esa jgrh gSa ^^gfj lsodfga u C;ki vfo|k] izHkq
u;u ewfn iqfu ns[kfga chjk
izsfjr C;kib rsfg fc|k**7@78@2A blfy;s
,sls vusdkusd ladr s lw= ogk¡ vkSj Hkh
mudh Li"V lEefr gS fd fooj :ih tx dh
feysaxAs buds feyku ls vkSj izLrqfr ds <ax ls
=kl&my>uksa ls ;fn ckgj fudyuk gS rks lq[k
Li"V izrhr gksrk gS fd fo'oeksguh :ih izHkq dh
fo|kek;k dks gh jkekorkj esa Lo;aizHkk cuuk Hkksxkfn ¼miou] lj] eafnj] Hkou] e/kqj Qy½
iM+k gSA bR;kfn dh vksj ls vk¡[k ewan ysa] vius iq#"kkFkZ
eSa vc tkc tgk¡ j?kqjkbZ & Lo;aizHkkth ds dgus dks Hkh Hkqykdj iw.kZ leiZ.k Hkko ls izHkq ds izfr
esa vkrqjrk O;Dr gks jgh gS blfy;s ^vc eSa 'kj.kkxfr xzg.k djysaA oLrqr% lhrkth dh
tkc* ds LFkku ij êSa* igys mPpkfjr gqvk gS [kkst gsrq bu okuj :ih lk/kdksa us iq#"kkFkZ
^êSa vc tkc**A Hkko gSs fd ftl dk;Z ds fy;s djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+h Fkh ¼fcljk ru
eSa fu;qä Fkh og esjk gks x;kA mlds QyLo#i dj Nksg½ vkSj ejk.kklUu gksdj gh ¼eju pgr
lc fcuq tyikuk½] bl fooj esa igq¡ps FksA dHkh dHkkj lkeF;Zoku dk Hkh ikyk
ijUrq R;kx o iq#”kkFkZ dk ifj.kke vHkh rd fo"ke ls ¼Vs<+s ls½ iM+ tkrk gS] ifjfLFkfr
dqN ugha fudyk gSA vr% bUgsa lEefr nh xbZ foijhr gks tkrh gS] rc buls NqVdkjk ikus ds
fd vc u;u ewan dj vUr%dj.k esa [kkstsa A fy;s Hkh û;u ewanus* ¼vuns[kh djus½ dks gh
,slk gh dqN&dqN Hkxoku lnkf'ko vkSj Js;Ldj ;kus l|% Qynk;h dgk gSA y{e.kth
lrhth ds lax Hkh ?kVk gSA n'kjFkuUnu Jhjke us ij'kqjketh dks dqN ,slh gh lEefr nh gS
gh vf[ky fudk;ksa dk ifr gS bl rF; dks tc ^^fcgls y[kuq dgk eu ekgha] êwnsa vkaf[k* drgq
Hkxoku f'ko us lrhth ds xys mrkjus ds dksm ukgha**1@279@8A
vusdkusd iz;kl fd;s ^^ykx u mj minslq iSggq lhrfg tfu ifNrkgw & bl v)kZyh dh
tnfi dgsm flo¡ ckj cgq**A fdUrq gfj ek;k ds Hkk"kk tfu ifNrkgw ls gh Li"V gS fd bu okujkas
vkxs os Hkh foQy jgs ^^cksys fcgfl egslq ds psgjksa ls lqxhz oth dh nh gqbZ vof/k ds chr
^gfjek;k* cyq tkfu ft;**1@51A vr% f'koth tkus dk Hk; vHkh Hkh] bl peRdkj ds ckn Hkh]
us rks vius iz;klksa dks ;g dgrs gq;s fojke ns >yd jgk gS A blh dks y[k dj gh igys
fn;k fd ^^gksbfg lksb tks jke jfp jk[kk] dks mUgksaus lhrkth ds fey tkus dk n`<+ 'kCnksa
dfj rdZ c<+koS lk[kk**1@51@7A fdUrq lrhth ¼iSggq½ ls vk'oklu fn;k] vkSj ^tfu ifNrkgw¡*
n{klqrk ¼prqj dh csVh½ gksus ds dkj.k ekuh ls <k<l Hkh ca/kk;k gSA Lo;aizHkkth us viuh
ugha] mUgksaus lhrkth dk :i /kkj.k dj jketh dFkk ds }kjk ,oa ^êSa vc tkc tgk¡ j?kqjkbZ**
dks gh Nyus dk iz;kl fd;kA rc loZK izHkq us ds }kjk Hkh Li"V dj fn;k Fkk fd l`f"V ds
lrhth dks viuk ,s'o;Z fn[kyk;k ^^tg¡ fo/kku esa lc dqN iwoZ fu;ksftr gksrk gSA
fprofga rg¡ izHkq vklhuk] lsofga fl) equhl lhrkth dh [kkst ds fy;s vki yksxksa dk vkuk
izchuk** vkSj mUgsa vijk/k cks/k dh izrhfr vkSj vki lcls bl txg esjh HksaV gksuk] ;g
djkbZA rc mUgas Hkh û;u ewfn* dj gh izHkq dh lc lr;qx esa gh lqfuf'pr gks x;k FkkA vr,o
'kj.kkxfr ysuh iM+h ^^ân; dai ru lqf/k dNq ukgha] lhrkth ¼HkfDr] 'kkfUr ½ vkidks feysxh vkSj
û;u ewfn* cSBh ex ekgh**1@54@6 A vof/k chrus ds ckn gh feysxh ;g lc iwoZ
dHkh&dHkh izHkq dh vlhe vuqdEikvksa fu;ksftr gS blfy;s i'pkÙkki u djsaA
ds fy;s 'kCn ugha feyrs rc û;u ewfn* dj u;u ewfn iqfu ns[kfga chjk A Bk<+s ldy
gh /kU;okn Kkiu fd;k tkrk gS A ekrk fla/kq ds rhjk AA
dkS'kY;kth us Hkh izHkq ds ,s'o;Z #i ds n'kZu ik Lo;aizHkkth ds dgs vuqlkj lHkh us
dj ,slk gh fd;k ^^ru iqyfdr eq[k cpu u vk¡[ksa cUn dh fdUrq iqu% ns[kus yxsA ^rc* lc
vkok] u;u ewfn pjufu fl# ohjksa us Lo;a dks leqnz ds fdukjs [kM+s ik;kA
ukok**1@201@5A ;gk¡ Hkh ;gh lw= gS fd izHkq u;u ewfn iqfu ns[kfga chjk& rkRi;Z gS fd bu
dh ek;k ls tc vR;f/kd =Lr gks tk;sa rks ml lk/kdksa dks ri%iqat ukjh ds opu vfo'oluh;
vksj ls û;u ew¡nuk* gh fgrdj gSA ls yxsA vr% D;ksa gksrk gS vkSj dSls gksrk gS]
dkdHkq'kqf.Mth us Hkh vius n`"VkUr esa bl ftKklkiwfrZ gsrq viuh vk¡[ksa rqjUr [kksy yha
Li"V ladr s fn;k gS fd os tc Lo;a =Lr gks A ;ksa le>sa fd izHkq ds izfr iwjk leiZ.k ugha
x;s rks êw¡nm u;u* vkSj vk¡[k ewanrs gh gqvk blhfy;s ^îqfu ns[kfga chjk** dgk x;kA
¼leiZ.k djrs gh½ vfoyEc dkS'kyiqjh igq¡p x;s fdUrq lHkh ,d tSls ugha gSaA muesa guqekuth
;kus izHkq dh dìk gks xbZ ^êwnsm¡ u;u* =flr tSls lnk /;ku eXu jgus okys Hkh gSaA vr%
tc Hk;m¡] iqfu fpror dkslyiqj ;gk¡ ^lc* 'kCn ugha yxk;kA bu okujksa esa
x;m¡**7@79@1A ohjrk dk vge~ vHkh Hkh gSA bls n'kkZus ds fy;s
^nss[kfga chjk* dgk x;kA vU;Fkk vHkh rd buls uìckyk**1@129@6A yhyk dh n`f"V ls rks izHkq
dksbZ ohjksfpr dk;Z rks gqvk ugha gS vkSj fla/kq bl le; izo"kZ.k ioZr ij fcjkteku gSaA vr%
rhj rd igq¡pkus dk dk;Z Hkh L=h ds ek/;e ls Lo;aizHkkth ogk¡ xbZa A fdUrq xksLOkkehth us ;gk¡
gqvk gSA vr% ^chjk* O;aX;ksfDr ds :i esa ^chjk* Hkh tkucw> dj LFkku ds uke dk mYys[k ugha
dgk x;k gSA ;kas xzkE; Hkk"kk esa chj vkSj ^chjk* fd;kA vfirq ifgys dh Hkk¡fr gh ¼tkc ^tgk¡*
'kCn HkkbZ ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrk gSA jketh us Hkh j?kqjkbZ½ ;gk¡ Hkh ^tgk¡* ¼tgk¡ j?kqukFkk½ ladr
s d
Hkjr HkS¸;k ds fy;s ^chj* lEcks/ku fn;k gS ds }kjk ladr s fd;k gS fd pjkpj ds ukFk dgk¡
^^chrs vof/k tkm¡ tkSa ftvr u ikom¡ ugha gSa& ^^nsl dky fnfl fcfnflgq ekgha] dggq
chj**6@116@xA ;ksa ;s lHkh lk/kuk ekxZ ds gh lks dgk¡ ^tgk¡ izHkq* ukgha**1@184@6A
ifFkd gaS vr% xq# HkkbZ ds ukrs Hkh ^chjk* in tkb dey in uk,fl ekFkk & ^j?kqukFkk* uke
iz;qDr gksuk laHko gSA nsdj xksLokehth us ;s rks trk fn;k fd ;s
Bk<+s ldy fla/kq ds rhjk & ^Bk<+s* dk Hkko gh jketh vf[ky Hkqouksa ds ûkFk* gSa] Lokeh gSaA
gS tgk¡&rgk¡ grizHk ls ;k fdadrZO;ew< gks [kM+s fdUrq rc Hkh mUgsa ekuoksfpr e;kZnk ikyu gsrq
jg tkuk ^^Bk<+ jgk vfr dafir L=h tkfr ls iSj Nqvkuk mfpr ugha yxkA vr%
xkrk**7@94@3A blds iwoZ Hkh ;s yksx tks’k ekufld okfpd iz.kke ds vFkZ esa gh ûk,fl
tks’k esa lhrkth dks [kkstrs gq;s iBkjksa esa HkVd ekFkk* dgk gSA rkRi;Z gS fd e;kZnk gsrq izHkq us
x;s Fks vkSj vc Lo;aizHkkth dh ckr ij Lo;aizHkkth ls pj.k Li'kZ ugha djok;sA bl
vfo’okl dj yo.k fla/kq ds rhj [kM+s gSaA ogk¡ O;oLFkk dk vfrØe.k ;k rks 'kcjhth us fd;k
rks ikuh ns[kus ds fy;s Hkh ugha Fkk vkSj ;gk¡ gS& ^^lcjh ijh pju yiVkbZ** fdUrq os fQj
ikuh gS] og Hkh vxk/k ek=k esa gS] fdUrq ihus izHkq ds pj.kksa esa gh ^yhu* gks xbZa ^^gfj in
ds ;ksX; ugha gSA blfy;s ;k=k ds izkjEHk esa gh ^yhu* HkbZ tg¡ ufga fQjs* *3@39@ ;k fQj
buds Hkfo"; dk ladr s dj fn;k x;k fd tgk¡ vfgY;kth us ^^xkSre ukjh ckj ckj gfj pju
ds rgk¡ gh jgsxas ^^Bk<+s tg¡ rg¡ vk;lq ikbZ**A ijh**1@210@NanA fdUrq og dk;Z xq#
vr% ogh ckr ;gk¡ Hkh dgh ^^Bk<+s ldy fla/kq fo'okfe=th dh vkKkuqlkj gqvk Fkk ^^pju
ds rhjk** vFkkZr~ fLFkfr yxHkx oSlh gh gSA pw¡fd dey jt pkgfr dìk djgq j?kqchj**1@210]
jketh dks ^fla/kq* dgk x;k gS ^^jke fla/kq* ?ku ;k fQj ‘kksdkdqy ekrk dkS'kY;kth us fd;k gS
lTtu /khjk**7@119@17A vksSj jkedìk :ih ^^cgqfcf/k fcyfi pju yiVkuh**A2@56@6
^flU/kq* dk ty lkeus fn[kk;h iM+ jgk gS vc fdUrq izHkq fo”k;d ^foosd* bUgksaus ‘kr:ikth ds
bls dsoy lqlsO; cukus ds fy;s fdlh lartu :i esa gh ^^lksb fccsd* lksb jgfu izHkq gefg
:ih ^?ku* ¼es?k½ dh gh vko';drk gSA dìk dfj nsgq**1@150A ;gk¡ dk ^tkb* in Hkh
lks iqfu xbZ tgk¡ j?kqukFkk A tkb dey in tcju yxk;k gqvk ladr s d gS] ;g Hkh
uk,fl ekFkk AA fo'oeksguh&ukjn izlax o mek 'kEHkq laoknksa esa
og Lo;aizHkk fQj ogk¡ xbZ tgk¡ pjkpj cgqrk;r ls fey tk;sxk ^^tigq tkb* ladj
ds Bkdqj Jhj?kqukFkth fcjkteku gSaA tkrs gh lrukek**A
mlus Jhj?kqukFkth ds pj.k deyksa esa eLrd ukuk Hkk¡fr fcu; rsfga dhUgh A vuik;uh
uok;k Hkxfr izHkq nhUgh AA
lks iqfu xbZ tgk¡ j?kqukFkk & ;gk¡ ^lks* ds lkFk Lo;aizHkkth us izHkq dh vusdkusd izdkj
tcju îqfu* in nsdj xksLokehth us iqu% ladr s ls fou; dh ;kus vuqu;&fou;] fouez
fn;k gS fd ;g fcuk uke okyh ri%iqat ukjh izkFkZuk&vuqjks/k vkfn fd;sA varr% izHkq us mls
vkSj dksbZ ugha fo'oeksguh mQZ gfjek;k] mQZ vuik;uh vFkkZr~ vR;Ur nqyZHk HkfDr iznku dj
ûìckyk* gh gS ^^djb Lo;acj ^lks nh A
ukuk Hkk¡fr fcu; rsfga dhUgh & fcu; dhUgha dk fy;s gh mUgas ^ûkuk Hkk¡fr fcu; rsfga dhUgh**
vFkZ gS vuqu;&fou;] vuqjks/k ;k izkFkZuk fcurh djuh iM+hA
djukA ;gk¡ Hkh ^fcu;* in ls xksLokehth dk nksgk&cnjhcu dgq¡ lks xbZ izHkq vX;k /kfj
vfHkizk; vuqjks/k djus ls gSA tSls fd lkxj lhl A
larj.k ¼ikj mrjus½ gsrq jketh us lkxj ls
mj /kfj jke pju tqx ts canr vt
^fcu;* dh ^^fcu;* dfjv lkxj lu
tkbZ**5@49@8] ;k ^^fcu;* u ekur tyf/k bZl AA25
tM+ x, rhfu fnu chfr**5@57A ;fn izHkq vkKk vFkkZr~ vius Lokeh
xksLokehth dk vfHkizk; ;gk¡ Lrqfr ls gksrk rks Jhfo".kqth dh vkKk dks f'kjks/kk;Z djds ,oa
^fcurh* ;k ^Lrqfr* in iz;qDr djrs tSlkfd ân; esa czãkth&'kadjth }kjk fuR; oafnr
mUgksaus _f"k eqfu;ksa ds ;k nsorkvksa ds izlax esa Jhjketh ds pj.k o nksuksa ¼tqx½ tkudhth ,oa
fd;k gS& y{e.kth ds pj.kksa dks /kkj.k djds og
^îqfu /khjtq /kfj ^vLrqfr* cnjhcu dks pyh xbZA
dhUgha**5@1@7] cnjhcu dgq¡ lks xbZ& Hkkxor vkSj iqjk.kksa ds
^^dg eqfu izHkq lquq ^fcurh* eksjh] ^vLrqfr* djkSa dou fcf/k vuqlkj cnjhdkJe ;k ge mls cnjhcu dg
rksjh**3@10@1 ysa] Hkxoku uj ukjk;.k dh riksHkwfe gSA vkSj
^L;ke xkr fclky Hkqt pkjh] ^vLrqfr* djr u;u Hkfj bu uj ukjk;.k dk mYys[k bl dk.M ds
ckjh*3@31@2 lHkh tkurs gaS fd fdlh O;fDr izkjEHk esa gh gqvk gS ^^dh rqEg rhfu nso eg¡
dh fpjkSjh ;k vuqu;&fou; rHkh dh tkrh gS dksÅ] uj ukjk;.k dh rqEg nksÅ**4@ea@10A
tc viuh {kerk ls ijs dk;Z dks fl) djkuk ;gk¡ ^cnjhcu* dk mYys[k djds xksLokehth us
gksA izHkq dks eukus ds fy;s ;gk¡ Lo;aizHkkth us lwfpr fd;k fd bl Lo;aizHkk izlax esa tks
u dsoy fou; gh dh vfirq ^ûkuk Hkk¡fr ¼ls½ jketh gSa os Jh'ks"k'kk;h JheUukjk;.k Hkxoku ds
fcu; rsfga dhUgha**A iz'u gS fd ,slk D;ksa dgk gh vorkj gaSA ;g rF; Hkh fufoZokn lR; gS fd
x;k\ ;s gh ^cSdq.BukFk* gaS] êgkfo".kq* Hkh ;s gh gSa
vuik;uh Hkxfr izHkq nhUgha & oLrqr% Lo;aizHkkth ^îqj cSdqaB tku dg dksbZ] dksm dg i;fuf/k
nqyZHk vuik;uh HkfDr dh vf/kdkfj.kh ugha gSA cl izHkq lskbZ**1@184@2] vkSj bUgsa gh ^gjh*
;g lR; gS fd mUgksaus gtkjksa o"kZ dh riL;k ls dgk x;k gS&
vius ru dks ^^ri% iqat** cuk fy;kA ijUrq ^^,d ckj djry cj chuk] xkor gfj xqu xku
ekul esa vusd txg vk;k gS fd ^ti ri czr izchukA
te fu;e vikjk* budk ikyu djus ij Hkh Nhj fla/kq xous eqfu ukFkk] tg¡ cl Jhfuokl Jqfr
lk/kkj.k Js.kh dh Hkfä Hkh ugha feyrhA izHkq us ekFkk**A1@127@3&4
Lo;a dkdHkq'kqf.Mth ls dgk gS fd ftl HkfDr izHkq vX;k /kfj lhl & izHkq¾Lokeh] ;g
dks eqfutu ukuk Hkk¡fr ls ti ri ;ksxkfn esa Lo;aizHkkth mQZ gfjek;k gh y{ehifr Jhfo".kqth
vius 'kjhj dks tykus ij Hkh ugha ik ldrs dh vkKk ls fo'oeksguh cuh Fkha&
mls rqeus ekax fy;k gS& ^^Jhifr ^fut ek;k* rc izsjh] lqugq dfBu djuh rsfg
^^tks eqfu dksfV tru ufga yggha] ts ti tksx dsjh A
vuy ru ngghaA jh>sm¡ nsf[k rksjh prqjkbZ] ek;k fccl Hk, eqfu ew<+k] leq>h ufg gfj fxjk
ekxsgq ^Hkxfr* eksfg vfr HkkbZ**7@84@4&5A ;s fuxw<+k**1@132@3A blfy;s izHkq Lokeh vkSj
bruh lkjh ‘krsZa izHkq us lk/kkj.k HkfDr nsus gsrq Lo;aizHkkth nklh gqbZaA v/;kRe jkek;.k esa
dgh gSa vkSj Lo;aizHkkth dks vlk/kkj.k o nqyZHk Lo;aizHkkth us Lo;a dks izHkq dh nklh gh dgk
^vuik;uh HkfDr* pkfg;s A vr% mls ikus ds gS&
^^nklh rokga jktsUnz n'kZukFkZ fegkxrkA
cgqo"kZ lglzkf.k rIra es nq'pja ¼ikf.k¾gkFk½ ds igys] ;qxy ;kus nks gkFk ds
ri%**AA4@6@61 vFkZ esa yxk gSSA vkSj mijksDr mnkgj.k esa ^tqx*
vkSj gfjek;k ds fy;s xksLokehth us Hkh ^nklh* in ^pju* ds ckn ¼pju tqx½ yxk gS( tks fd
'kCn gh iz;qDr fd;k gS& jketh ds pj.kksa ds ckn nks vU; tuksa dk
^^lks nklh j?kqchj dS leq>sa feF;k |ksrd gSA ,d rks izHkq ds lehi cSBs gq;s
lksfiA ujkorkj ;k 'ks"kkorkj y{e.kth ds fy;s gS
NwV u jke dìk fcuq ukFk dgm¡ in ^ûj ukjk;.k lfjl lqHkzkrk] tx ikyd fclsf"k
jksfi**AA7@71 tu =krk**1@19@5] ^^tks lgl lhlq vghlq
vX;k /kfj lhl& cM+s yksx vkKk ;k vkns'k rHkh efg /k# y[kuq lpjkpj /kuh**2@126 NanA
nsrs gSa tc mUgsa dk;ZdrkZ esa dk;Z djus dh p¡wfd bUgs jketh ds leku lfjl dgk x;k gS
vfuPNk fn[kykbZ iM+rh gSA bldk cM+k gh vr% buds pj.kksa dh oanuk dks rks NksM+k gh
lqUnj fp=.k Hkxoku f'ko vkSj jketh ds laokn ugha tk ldrkA nwljs] lnSo lkFk jgus okyh
esa gSA f’koth fookg djuk ugha pkgrs vkSj izHkq vfHkUu lhrkth ds fy;s gS tks vn`’; :i esa
us mUgsa iqufoZokg djus dh dg nh ogk¡ f'koth ;gk¡ Hkh gSa] ftldk [kqyklk vxyh iafDr;ksa esa
us viuh izfrfØ;k izdV djrs gq;s dgk gS& Lo;eso gks tk;sxkA
^^dg flo tnfi mfpr vl ukgha] ukFk cpu iqfu ts canr vt bZl & izk;% czãk] fo".kq] egs'k bu
esfV u tkgha**A f=xq.kh nsoksa dk mYys[k ,d lkFk fd;k tkrk gS
^^flj /kfj vk;lq dfjv rqEgkjk] ije /kjeq ;g ukFk ^^jke fcjks/k u mcjfl lju ^fc".kq* vt
gekjkA bZl**5@56 ;k ^^tkds cy ^fcjafp gfj bZlk*]
rqEg lc Hkk¡fr ije fgrdkjh] vX;k flj ij ukFk ikyr l`tr gjr nllhlk**5@20@5A fdUrq
rqEgkjh**A1@76@1&2&4 oLrqr% Lo;aizHkkth vius ;gk¡ Hkxoku fo".kq ds uke dk mYys[k gh ugha
rikfn ds dkj.k ¼Kku ekxZ ls½ eks{k dh gSA ekul dh 'kSyh ds vuqlkj ;g bl ckr dk
vf/kdkfj.kh gSaA fdUrq tkeoarth] guqekuth tSls ladr s gS fd ;gkWa Jhjkethds :i esa Lo;a
HkDrksa dh lRlaxfr ls] tks fd ^êqfDr fujknj Hkxoku fo".kq gh gSaA ftUgsa ukjn Jki ds dkj.k
HkfDr yqHkkus** okys gSa] buds eu esa Hkh jkekorkj ysuk iM+k A ;ksa le>sa fd ftl izlax
vuik;uh HkfDr dh ;kusfd izHkq ds lkehI; esa esa Hkh bu f=xq.kkRed nsoksa dh ppkZ ,d lkFk gks
jgdj] lsok lq[k izkIr djus dh vkdkaa{kk mx tSls fd&
vkbZA blfy;s ukuk Hkk¡fr dh mudh vuqu; ^^tqx is[ku rqEg ns[k fugkjs] ^fcf/k gfj laHkq*
fou; ds dkj.k gh izHkq us mUgsa bl iapHkkSfrd upkofugkjs**2@126@1]
'kjhj ds ckn lkehI; ;ksx iznku djus dk ^^ns[ks ^flo fcf/k fc".kq* vusdk vfer izHkkm
ojnku ¼vuik;uh HkfDr½ fn;kA rc rd ds ,d rsa ,dk**1@53@7 rks tku ysosa fd ;gk¡
fy;s mUgsa Hkxor~ fpUru gsrq cnjhdkJe tkus bu rhu nsoksa ls vyx pkSFkh gLrh ;kus fd euq
dh vkKk nh A 'kr:ikth dks ojnku nsus okys ijkRijczã
mj /kfj jke pju tqx & ^pju tqx* ls izHkq ds Jhjketh dk izlax py jgk gSA
gh nksuksa pj.kksa dk vFkZ xzg.k djuk] oLrqr% canr vt bZl & iwoksZDr ^ts* in dk HkkokFkZ gS
xksLokehth ds ^^vjFkq vfer vfr vk[kj Fkksjs** fd ftudh Lrqfr czãkth vkSj 'kadjth djrs gSa
dks u le>uk gh dgyk;sxkA vki dgsxas fd nks os ¼^ts*½ {khj fla/kq fuoklh ;kus fo”.kqthA oLrqr%
gkFkksa ds fy;s ^tqx ikuh* iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^lh; ^canr vt bZl* ;s ladr s d gSa vkSj bu nksuksa
jke e; lc tx tkuh] djm¡ izuke tksfj ^tqx ¼czãk vkSj f'koth½ ds }kjk dh xbZ Lrqfr;ksa dk
ikuh**A rc nks pj.kksa ds fy;s ^pju tqx* D;ksa euu djus ls ^^tqx** in dk Hkko vkSj lqLi"V
ugha lgh gS\ /;ku nsosa fd ;gk¡ ^tqx* in ikuh gks tkrk gSA budh dh gqbZ leLr Lrqfr;ksa esa
Jhjketh ds lkFk lkFk Jhtkudhth ,oa jkekuqt bgk¡ fcpkjfga dfi eu ekgha& ^bgk¡* in ds }kjk
y{e.kth dh Lrqfr Hkh feysxhA tSls czãkth u dsoy izlax ifjorZu dh lwpuk nh xbZ gS
}kjk dh xbZ Lrqfr& ^^fcuq dkju nhu n;ky vfirq xksLokehth us viuk Loi{k ;kus eSa bu
fgra] Nfc /kke uekfe ^jek* jke Hkä dfi;ksa dh vksj gw¡ ;g Hkh trk fn;kA
lfgra**6@110@Nan] ;gk¡ ^lfgra* Jhy{e.kth bl Hkko dh foLr`r ppkZ ^^bgk¡ iou lqr ân;
dk ladr s d gSA Hkxoku f'ko ds }kjk dh xbZ fcpkjk**4@18@1 esa dh xbZ gS] ogk¡ ns[k ysaA
Lrqfr ^^vuqt tkudh* lfgr fujarj] clgq jke v)kZyh dk rkRi;Z Li"V gS fd vHkh ;s yksx
uì ee mj varj**6@114A bUnzth }kjk dh eu esa gh fopkj dj jgs gSa vkil esa ppkZ ‘kq:
Lrqfr;ksa esa Hkh ,slk gh gqvk gS& ^^cSnsfg vuqt ugha gqbZ gSA fdUrq vf/kdka'k okujksa ds eu esa
lesr*] ee ân; djgq fudsr**6@112NanA bu Hkko ;gh gSA vf/kdka'k dgus dk rkRi;Z gS fd
m)j.kksa ls Li"V gS fd Lo;aizHkkth us ^pju ;gk¡ xksLokehth us ^lc* 'kCn ugha yxk;k gSA
tqx* esa jketh ds lkFk lkFk Jhlhrkth ,oa D;ksafd buesa tkeoarth o guqekuth tSls lqtku
y{e.kth ds pj.kksa dh Hkh oanuk dh gsSA vc efroku dfix.k Hkh gSa] ftuds eu esa ghu
'kadk gksuk LokHkkfod gS fd tc ;gk¡ lhrkth fopkj vk gh ugha ldrsA bl ik¡fä ls ;g Hkh
mifLFkr gh ugha gSa mudk rks gj.k gks x;k gS n'kkZ fn;k fd Lo;aizHkkth us bUgsa tks ,d cgqr
rc oanuk dSls dh xbZA bls le>us ds fy;s] cM+k vk'oklu fn;k Fkk ^îSggq lhrfg tfu
lrh eksg izlax ds ml LFky dk /;ku djsa tc ifNrkgw** vkSj peRdkfjd jhfr ls lc dks fla/kq
jko.k lhrkth dk gj.k dj pqdk FkkA vkSj rc ds rhj igq¡pk fn;k FkkA ;s nksukas gh dk;Z bu
Hkh lrhth dks Jhlhrkth izHkq ds lax gh lk/kdksa ds fy, vizHkkod jgs D;ksafd ;s vc Hkh
fn[kykbZ iM+ha ^^fQj fprok ikNs izHkq ns[kk] fpUrkxzLr gSaA lkjka’k esa] Lo;aizHkk :ih
lfgr ca/kq ^fl;* lqanj os"kk**1@53@5 ;ksa Hkh ^jkedìk* gksdj Hkh ;s lk/kd dqN Hkh xzg.k
ekul dh /kkj.kk esa lhrkjketh vfHkUu gSa & ugha dj ik;sA
^^fxjk vjFk ty chfp le dfgvr fHkUu u chrh vof/k dktq dNq ukgha & chrh vof/k ls
fHkUuA vfHkizk; lqxhz oth ds fn;s gq;s ,d ekl ds
canm¡ lhrkjke in ftUgfg ije fiz; le; ls gS ^êkl fnol eg¡ vk,gq HkkbZ**A ;s
f[kUu**AA1@18
yksx ^xr c”kkZ fueZy fjrq vkbZ* ds o.kZukuqlkj
vkSj osnksa ds }kjk dh xbZ Lrqfr esa Hkh
dkfrZd ekl ds 'kqDy i{k esa fdf"dU/kkiqjh ls
izHkq dks ,oa lhrk Lo:ik 'kfDr dks ,d gh pys Fks vkSj ckYehfd jkek;.k esa o.kZu gS fd ;s
ekuk gS ^^t; izuriky n;ky izHkq ^latqDr tc fooj ls ckgj vk;s rc bUgsa clUr
lfDr* uekegs**7@12@NanA blfy;s Jhlhrkth vkxeu dk vkHkkl gqvk ^^rs clUr euq izkIra
ds pj.kksa dh oanuk djuk laHko gqvkA ;g Hkh
izfros| ijLije~**4@53@5A fdUrq iqjk.kkfn
le> ysa fd Jhlhrkth Lo;a gh HkfDr&Lo:ik
xzUFkksa esa bls ek?k 'kqDy uoeh dk fnu dgk x;k
gSa] vkSsj mudh mifLFkfr ,oa leFkZu ls gh HkDr
gSA vr% bu nksuksa dFkuksa dk fuokZg djus ds
dks HkfDr feyrh gSA
fy;s gh xksLokehth us ^^chrh vof/k** bl e/;e
bgk¡ fcpkjfga dfi eu ekghaA chrh vof/k ekxZ dk voyacu fy;k gSA
dktq dNq ukgha AA lc fefy dgfga ijLij ckrk A fcuq lqf/k
;gk¡ leqnz rV ij dfix.k vius vius y,¡ djc dk Hkzkrk AA
eu esa fcpkj dj jgs gSa fd lqxhz oth }kjk
tc eu dh vdqykgV c<+ xbZ rks lHkh
fuf'pr dh gqbZ le;kof/k rks ;w¡ gh O;rhr gks
feydj vkil esa ppkZ djus yxs fd gs HkkbZ !
xbZ vkSj Jhlhrkth dh [kkst dk dk;Z dqN Hkh
Jhlhrkth dh lqf/k fy;s fcuk vc D;k djsaxs A
ugha gqvk A
ijLij¾,d nwts ls
lc fefy dgfga ijLij ckrk &ckrsa rks lHkh dg vaxn ykspu Hkfj ckjh & ^dg* in izFke
dj jgs gSa ijUrq dSls \ blds fy;s ladr s gS fd j[kk gS] Hkko gS fd os ;dk;d cksy iM+sA Li"V
^fefy* dj vkSj îjLij*A ekul esa ^fefy* in gS fd laxh lkfFk;ksa dh lqxcqxkgV ls vaxnth
,d nwljs ds xys feyus ds vFkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk O;fFkr gSaA dk;Z iwjk u gksus ds dkj.k us= Hkh
gS ^îfjtu ekrq firfg ^fefy* vJwiwfjr gks vk;s vkSj mlh voLFkk esa
lhrk**2@319@1 ;k ^^lc ukfjUg ^fefy* HksfV ¼f[kflvk, Hkko ls gh½ cksy iM+s fd vki yksx
Hkokuh** 1@101@8 vkSj ijLij dk vFkZ gS rks Hkys gh cp tk;sa fdUrq esjh e`R;q rks nksuksa
,d nwljs ds lkFkA blfy;s f=f'kjkfn ds lax gh izdkj ls fuf'pr gSA ;kus u rks ek;k gh
gq;s ;q) esa o.kZu gS fd ,d fu'kkpj nwljs dks feyh ¼lÙkk i{k gh izlUu gqvk½ vkSj u gh jke
jke le> dj vkil esa gh yM+dj ej x;s ¼lhrk lqf/k :ih dhfrZ gh feyh½A
^^ns[kfga îjlij* jke dfj laxzke fjiq ny yfj ^Hkfj ckjh*& bu 'kCnksa dh Hkk"kk jpuk dgrh gS
ej~;ks**3@20@NanA vfHkizk; gS fd ppkZ rks fd vxanth ds u;uksa dk ty lk;kl yk;k x;k
lceas ,d gh gS ijUrq og lkewfgd ugha gksdj gSA D;ksafd vk¡[kksa esa Lo;eso ty vk tkus ij
dkuk Qw¡lh esa gS vkSj ,d nwljs ls lVdj dh xksLokehth us ^Hkjs ckjh* in iz;qDr fd;s gSa&
tk jgh gSA blfy;s ;gk¡ îjLij* dgk] v{kj ^^vf/kd lusg¡ xksn cSBkjh] L;ke ljkst u;u
Hkh lVs gSaA tcfd Åij m)j.k esa îjlij* gS] ^Hkjs ckjh**1@95@7] ^^lqfu ènq cpu euksgj fi;ds]
euu ls] Li”V yxrk gS ,d nwljs dks îj* ykspu yfyr ^Hkjs ty* fl;ds**2@63@1A tgk¡ ^Hkfj* in
le> dj vkeus lkeus yM+ jgs gSa] okg js iz;qDr gqvk Hkh gS rks mlds lkFk ^vk;s* in
xksLokehth dh ys[ku fo/kk] ftruh Hkh iz’ka”kk dh yxk gSA ^^lqfu lhrk nq[k izHkq lq[k v;uk]
tk;s] de gSA ^Hkfj vk,* ty jkfto u;uk**A 5@31@1 vkSj
^fcuq lqf/k y,¡ djc dk Hkzkrk& ^djc dk ikuh ckgj ls ykus ds fy;s ^Hkfj* in gh iz;qDr
Hkzkrk* ,d opu gS blls Hkh fl) gS fd gqvk gSA ^^,d dyl ^Hkfj* vkufga
okrkZyki lkewfgd :i esa ugha gSA Hkzkrk ls ikuh**2@114@1A u;uksa esa ty lk;kl D;ksa
yk;k x;k bldk Li"Vhdj.k Hkh vkxs fey
vfHkizk; gS Jhvaxnth ds leo; okys ;qok
tk;sxk A
okuj :ih lk/kdx.kA buesa gh lhrk Lo:ik
nqgq¡ izdkj Hkb e`R;q gekjh & nks izdkj ls e`R;q
HkfDr ugha feyus ls grk'kk gSaA ^djc dk Hkzkrk*
dSls gqbZ\ bldk mRrj Lo;a Jhvaxnth us
esa ?kksj fujk'kk dk Hkko fufgr gSA p¡wfd
vxyh pkSikbZ esa fn;k gSA pw¡fd os bl lhrk
tkeoarth o;kso`)ksa esa gSa ^^tjB Hk;m¡ vc lqf/k vfHk;ku ny ds usrk gSa ^îBbv fdfe
dgb fjNslk**A guqekuth Hkh vaxnth dks iq=or~ lcgh dj uk;d** vr,o mUgsa vlQyrk :ih
ekurs gSa ^^vg¡ ro fgrsläks oRl ukU;a vidhfrZ gh e`R;q leku yx jgh gS
fopkj;**4@7@13 v-jk-A vkSj uy uhy Hkh ^vdhfrZeZj.kknfrfjP;rs* Jhxhrkth2@34A bl
lqxhz oth ds iqjkus lfpoksa esa gSaA vr% ;s lc le; rks mudh eu%fLFkfr tVk;qth ds leku
pkj ikap tu cM+ksa dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA buesa ¼jkedkt esa½ e`R;q dks oj.k djus dh gks jgh
u rks fujk'kk gS vkSj u gh bl izdkj dh ppkZ gSA mUgksaus viuh bl Hkkouk dks ^^/kU; tVk;w
gh gSA 'ks"k ;qok okujksa ds fy;s gh ^Hkzkrk* in le dksm ukgha** esa O;Dr Hkh fd;k gSA
iz;qDr gqvk gSA bldk [kqyklk vkxs ds laoknksa ^gekjh*¾in cgqopu gSA ^gekjh* in iz;qä
esa fey tk;sxkA djds mUgksaus lkfFk;ksa dks ekSr dk Hk; fn[kyk;k
dg vaxn ykspu Hkfj ckjhA nqgq¡ izdkj Hkb gSA ^Hkb e`R;q gekjh* dgus dk vfHkizk; gS fd
e`R;q gekjh AA ge lcdks e`R;qn.M feysxkA
Jhvaxnth us us=ksa esa ty Hkj dj dgk bgk¡ u lqf/k lhrk dS ikbZA mgk¡ x,¡ ekfjfg
fd esjh e`R;q rks nksuksa gh izdkj ls gks xbZ A dfijkbZ AA
,d rks ;gk¡ Jhlhrkth dh lqf/k ugha ^^jke Hkts xfr dsfg ufga îkbZ**7@129@8A
feyh] nwts esa ogk¡ tkus ij dfijkt lqxhz oth mudk mykguk gS fd izHkq us Hkh eq>s lhrk lqf/k
ekj Mkysxas A izkIr djkus dk la;ksx ;k lkSHkkX; ugha iznku
bgk¡ u lqf/k lhrk dS ikbZ& ;g ^lqf/k* in fd;k gSA
vdsys fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa gh nl ckj iz;qDr mgk¡ x,¡ ekfjfg dfijkbZ & ^mgk¡* in dsoy nwjh
gqvk gSA bls ge jkeHkfä dk ladr s d dg n'kkZus okyk gh ugha gS cfYd ;g foi{k vkSj
ldrs gSaA oLrqr% ekul dh Hkk"kk esa] jkedFkk eu dh nwjh dks Hkh n'kkZrk gSA izkjEHk ls gh
dks /kjrh dk ve`r] ^lq/kk* dgk x;k gS& ^^lksb vaxnth ds eu esa izkjEHk ls gh vius pkpk
clq/k ry ^lq/k* rjafxfu] Hk; Hkatfu Hkze Hksd Hkqvafxfu1@30@8] lqxhz oth ds izfr for`".kk ;k fo}s"k dk Hkko Hkjk
^^czã i;ksfuf/k eanj X;ku lar lqj vkfga A gqvk gS] vkxs blds vkSj Hkh izek.k feysxaAs
dFkk ^lq/k* efFk dk<+fg Hkxfr e/kqjrk tkfga**AA 7@120 ^mgk¡* in muds eu dh for`".kk dk |ksrd gS
blds vuqlkj e/kqj HkfDr gh lq/kk ;k xw<+kFkZ esa vkSj pkpk ds izfr ^dfijkbZ* in iz;qDr djuk
^lhrk lqf/k* gSA eaxykpj.k ds izFke 'yksd esa Hkh vyxko dk izrhd gSA tcfd lqxhz oth lnSo
Hkh ladr s fd;k x;k gS fd ;g muds izfr lqân jgs gSa blhfy;s mUgksaus Js"B
fdf"dU/kkdk.M lhrk Lo:ik HkfDrekxZ dk lq;ksX; ik=ksa dh mis{kk djds Hkh vaxnth dks
vUos"k.k djus okyksa dks HkfDr iznku djsxk ny dk usr`Ro iznku fd;kA vkSj mudk fiz;
^^lhrkUos"k.krRijkS ifFkxrkS HkfDr iznkS rkS fg e/kqcu vaxnth dh lEefr ls gh mtM+ jgk gS]
u%** 4@1@eaxykA uo/kk HkfDr esa Lo;a jketh bl tkudkjh ds ckn Hkh mUgsa [kq'kh gh gqbZ&
us jkeuke ds tki dks o Hktu dks ik¡poha Hkfä ^^tkb iqdkjs rs lc cu mtkj tqcjktA
dgk gS ^êa= tki ee n`<+ fcLoklk] iape lqfu lqxhz o gj"k dfi dfj vk, izHkq
Hktu lks csn izdklk**3@35@1 vkSj eaxyk dkt**AA5@28
pj.k ds nwljs 'yksd oLrqr% foxr v)kZyh ^^nqgq¡ izdkj Hkb
^^czãEHkksf/kleqn~Hkoa---] Jhjkeukeke`re~** esa e`R;q gekjh** ls ^^mgk¡ x,¡ ekfjfg dfijkbZ** rd
tksfd bl dk.M dk chtd Hkh dgykrk gS] Jhxhrkth ds v/;k; N% esa tks ^;ksx fopfyr
jkeuke dks ve`r dgk x;k gSA dgus dk iq#"k* dk o.kZu gS ^^v;fr% J);ksisrks
vfHkizk; gS fd ^lq/kk* vkSj ^lqf/k* ;kus jkedFkk ;ksxkPpfyrekul%** Jhvaxnth ds pfj= esa
vkSj jkeuke nksuksa gh lekukFkhZ gS vkSj mldk O;ogkfjd i{k izLrqr gqvk gSA ns[ksa Jh
dfydky esa Hkätuksa ds fy;s ve`r rqY; gSA xhrkth 'yksd 37&38A
bldh vksj lk/kdksa dk /;ku lrr cuk jgs firk c/ks ij ekjr eksgh A jk[kk jke
blfy;s ^lhrk lqf/k* in ckj ckj fn;k tk jgk fugksj u vksgh AA
gSA ^bgk¡* vkSj îkbZ* bu nks inksa esa ;qok os rks firk&ckyh ds o/k ij gh eq>s
vaxnth ds vlUrks"k dh >yd] vius lkfFk;ksa ekjs ns jgs Fks ijUrq jketh us j{kk dj yh
ds izfr Hkh ,oa izHkq ds izfr Hkh] fn[kykbZ iM+rh blesa mudk ¼lqxhz oth dk½ dksbZ ,glku ugha gS
gSA ^bgk¡* esa lkfFk;ksa ds izfr] D;ksafd ny ds A
uk;d gksus ds dkj.k lhrk firk c/ks ij ekjr eksgh & vaxnth us firk ds
lqf/k ykdj nsuk lkfFk;ksa dh ftEesokjh gSA îkbZ* fy;s ^c/ks* in vkSj Lo;a ds fy;s êkjr* in
in esa izHkq ds izfr Hkh mykguk gSA D;ksafd iz;qDr fd;k gS tcfd nksuksa fØ;kvksa dk ifj.kke
^îkbZ] ikok] iko** bR;kfn in îzHkq dìk* ls ,d leku ;kus ekSr gh gSA /;ku jgs] c/ks dk
izkIr gksus okys ,s'o;kZfn ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gq;s vFkZ gS vijk/k ij e`R;qn.M vkSj ekjuk
gSa ^îkb* tklq cy fcjpfr ek;k**5@20@4A vdkj.k ;k }S”ko’k gksrk gSA mudh o.kZu 'kSyh
^^fceq[k jke lq[k iko u dksbZ**7@121@19A ls gh le> ysa fd os lqxhz oth ij fdrus
vkØksf’kr gSaA oLrqr% mUgksaus Jhjketh dks dHkh eju Hk;m dNq lal; ukgha & blds iwoZ Hkh os
Hkh dgha Hkh vius firk ds o/k dk nks"kh ugha dg pqds gSa fd ^^nqgq¡ izdkj Hkb e`R;q gekjh**
Bgjk;kA ;ksa Hkh jketh o ckyh esa izR;{k oSj Fkk fdUrq ml le; Hkh mldk vk'kktud izHkko
Hkh ughaA oLrqr% muds firk ckyh izR;{k }U} ugha iM+k FkkA blfy;s vc os vJqiwfjr vk¡[kksa
;q) esa vijkftr FksA bl rF; dks tkudj gh ¼ykspu Hkfj ckjh ½ ls ,d ,d ds ikl tkdj
lqxhz oth jketh dks fyok yk;s A vr,o dg jgs gSa fd vc ekSr gksus esa fdlh izdkj dk
vaxnth dh ekU;rkuqlkj ckyh c/k ds okLrfod la'k; ugh jgkA fdUrq êju Hk;m* in ;gk¡
nks"kh lqxhz oth gSaA bl prqjkbZ ls dgk x;k gS fd lquus okys dks
êkjr eksgh* ;g Jhvaxnth dk ek= vuqeku gS ;gh yxrk gS fd vaxnth ds lax lax ge lHkh
;k bls dksjh dYiuk gh dg ldrs gaS A oLrqr% dk ej.k gks tk;sxkA
dfix.kksa dh lgkuqHkwfr vftZr djuh gS blfy;s vaWxn cpu lqur dfi chjk A cksfy u
êkjr eksgh* dgk gSA Jhlqxhz oth ds fdlh Hkh ldfga u;u cg uhjk AA
O;ogkj ls ;k fdlh Hkh jkek;.k esa of.kZr Jhvaxnth ds opuksa dks lqu lqu dj
m)j.k ls muds bl êkjr eksgh* vkjksi dks gemez okuj HkkbZ;ksa ds u;uksa ls Hkh ty cgus
fl) ugha fd;k tk ldrkA yxk fdUrq dqN cksy ugha lds A
jk[kk jke fugksj u vksgh & bl ^fugksj u vaxn cpu lqur dfi chjk & ;g ?kVukØe
vksgh* esa lqxhz oth ij rks vk{ksi gS gh] lkFk gh ;qok e.Myh esa gh py jgk gS A bls fn[kykus
^jk[kk jke* esa vaxnth ds eu dk }Un ;k ds fy;s ;gkWa iqu% ^dfi chjk* in fn;k x;k gSA
la'k; Hkko Hkh >yd jgk gSA eu esa mUgsa ;ksa ^chjk*] ^chj* ;k ^chjth* in HkkbZ ds vFkZ
vk'kadk gks jgh gS fd firk esa] mRrj Hkkjr esa cksyh tkus okyh dbZ
o/k ds le; rks lgkuqHkwfr o'k jketh us esjh yksdHkk"kkvksa esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA ekul esa Hkh
j{kk djyhA fdUrq vkt mudh fiz;k Jhlhrkth fu"kknjktth ds fn;s ^HkkbZ* lEcks/ku ds izR;qRrj
dh lqf/k igq¡pkus es eSa vlQy jgk gw¡ rks vc esa mUgsa ^chj* in ls gh lEcksf/kr fd;k x;k gS&
os esjh j{kk D;ksa djsxa]s ;kus ugha djsxsaA blh ^^Hkkbgq* ykogq /kks[k tfu vktq dkt cM+
vk’kadk ls gh fiNyh v)kZyh esa muds eq¡g ls eksfg A
gBkr ^^nqgq¡ izdkj HkbZ e`R;q gekjh** izlzfor lqfu ljks"k cksys lqHkV ^chj* v/khj u
gqvk FkkA gksfg**AA2@191
iqfu iqfu vaWaxn dg lc ikgh a A eju Hk;m Jhjketh us Hkh HkjrHkS¸;k ds fy;s ^chj* in
dNq lal; ukgha AA iz;ksx fd;k gS&
ckj&ckj vaxnth lHkh ls ;gh ckr ^^chrs vof/k tkm¡ tkS ftvr u ikom¡
nksgjk jgs gSa fd esjk ej.k rks vc gks gh x;k ^chj*A
blesa fdlh izdkj dk la'k; ugha gS A lqfejr vuqt izhfr izHkq iqfu iqfu iqyd
iqfu iqfu vaxn dg lc ikgha & ,d gh ckr ljhj**AA6@119
dks iqu% iqu% nksgjkus dk rkRi;Z gh gS fd ogk¡ ;gk¡ vHkh yM+us fHkM+us ;k ijkØe
muds dFku ls dksbZ Hkh lger ugha gSA pwWafd fn[kkus dk dksbZ ,slk izlax ugha gS] ftlds fy;s
lHkh dks fir` foghu vaxnth ls lgkuqHkwfr gSA ^chj* 'kCn iz;qDr fd;k tk;sA igys gh ladr s
blfy;s muds izfr dksbZ Hkh izfrdwy fVIi.kh ugha fd;k x;k gS fd lhrk&lqf/k ;k tkudhth dh
dj jgk gS] lHkh ekSu gSa A vr% vaxnth lc [kskt dk rkRi;Z HkfDr rÙo dks izkIr djuk gSA
ds ikl tk tkdj ¼ikgha½ ;gh ckr nksgjk jgs ;gk¡ ^chjk* ds lax ^dfi* in fn;k gS] dfi ds
gSa& xw<+kFkZ esa igys gh dgk gS ^^tks Hkxon jl dk
fujUrj iku djus djkus okys gSa] dfi gSa&
^^Lo;aefi rnuqHkoa lq[k fuo`Zfra ikfr ficrhfr pkSikbZ Lo esa gS ,oa blds rqdkar ekul
ok bfr dfi%**A vr% ;s lc dfi Hkfä ekxZ ds ijEijk ls ,dne vuks[ks ;kusfd ^jgs* dk ^Hk,*
lk/kd] xq# HkkbZ gq;s A lqxhz oth us Hkh bu ohjksa gsS vr% ^^/kqfu vojsc dfcr xqu tkrh] ehu
dks fonk djrs le; ^HkkbZ* in ls gh lEcksf/kr euksgj rs cgqHkk¡rh** ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ okP;kFkZ
fd;k gS ^^tudlqrk dgq¡ [kkstgq tkbZ] ekl ls xw<+kFkZ T;knk gSA
fnol eg¡ vk,gq ^HkkbZ**A vr% ;gk¡ ^dfi chjk* Nu ,d lksp exu gksb jgs & ;gk¡ 'kksp ;k
xq#HkkbZ ds vFkZ esa dgk x;k gS A lkspus dh vof/k dks {kf.kd ^Nu ,d* ds }kjk
cksfy u ldfga u;u cg uhjk & Jhvaxnth esa js[kkfdar fd;k x;k gS vkSj êxu gksb jgs* dk
usr`Ro dh dSlh vn~Hkqr {kerk gS bls ^^dfi vFkZ gh gS fd yEcs le; rd exu cus jguk
chjk cksfy u ldfga** ls] vkSj vxyh dqN A bl rjg ls bu nksuksa esa Li"V fojks/kkHkkl
iafDr;ksa ls le>k tk ldrk gSA oLrqr% bUgksaus n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh /;ku jgs fd ^'kksp
vius gko Hkko ¼ykspu Hkfj ckjh½ vkSj opuksa exu* tSlk dksbZ 'kCn gh ugha gSA lgh 'kCn
ls lHkh okuj ohjksa dks lEeksfgr lk dj fy;k ^'kksd eXu* gS vkSj ekul esa lksd 'kCn vusd
gSA vHkh rks bu lcdh cksyrh gh cUn gqbZ gS] ckj iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^dkfg u ^lksd* lehj
ijUrq budh usr`Ro 'kfDr bruh izcy gS fd Mksykok** 7@70@3A ;gk¡ Hkh ^lksp* dk lksd
vkxs ;s lc lkewfgd vkRegR;k ds fy;s Hkh cSB fd;k tk ldrk FkkA oLrqr% lksp vkSj exu ;s
tk;sxaAs ,slh vn~Hkqr cqf) ds dkj.k gh nksuksa 'kCn ijLij fojks/kkHkko ds gSa vkSj buds
Jhguqekuth us okYehfd jkek;.k esa bUgsa ^^vkB Hkko Hkh ;gk¡ i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ gSaA
xq.kksa okyh cqf)] pkj izdkj ds cy vkSj pkSng v/;kRe o okYehfd bu nksuksa gh
xq.kksa ls lEiUu crk;k gS& jkek;.kksa esa bl volj ij] vaxnth dks iqu%
^^cq);k g~;"Vkax;k ;qäa prqcZylefUore~A ml fooj esa py dj jgus dh lEefr nh xbZ
prqnZ'kxq.ka esus guqeku~ okfyu% gS A okYehfd jkek;.k esa rkj okuj us lq>ko
lqre~**AA4@54@2 fn;k gS ^^rkj bna cHkk”ksA fcya izfo’; olke
ekul esa] Lo;a izHkq usa Hkh bUgsa cy cqf) vkSj losZ ;fn jksprs o%**A4@53@25 vkSj v/;kRe
vU; xq.kksa dk ^xq.k&/kkek* inoh ls vyad`r esa izeq[k okujksa us fnyklk nsrs gq;s dgk gS fd
fd;k gS ^^ckfyru; cqf/k cy xqu /kkek] yadk ge fuHkZ; gksdj ml vejkorh iqjh ds leku
tkgq rkr ee dkek**6@19@6A Hkys gh lhrk leLr lq[k lkefxz;ksa ls lEiUu xqgk esa jgsxa&s
lqf/k vfHk;ku esa ;s Vslq, ¼vk¡lw½ cgkus okys ^^Hkokeks fuolkeks·= xqgk;ak Hk;oftZrk%A
fn[krs gksa ijUrq jko.k ds njckj esa vftZr dh loZ lkSHkkX; lfgra iqja nso
gqbZ budh dhfrZ vkt Hkh ^vaxn dk ik¡o* :ih iqjksiee~**AAv-jk-4@7@9
dgkor ds :i esa vej gS vkSj vkxs ;qxksa ;qxksa blh Hkko dh vkiwfrZ gsrq xksLokehth us êxu
rd jgsxhA ;gk¡ vaxnth dks usr`Ro lkSiusa esa gksb jgs iqfu** dgk gSA
lans'k gS fd cM+s vfHk;kuksa dh lQyrk ;qok oxZ ;gk¡ Hkko Hksn ds lkFk jl Hksn Hkh gS
ds cy cwrs gh laHko gS vr,o ;qokvksa dks gh ^lksp* d#.k jl gS rks êxu* 'kkUr jl gSA
vkxs j[kuk pkfg,A vkSj xksLokehth us igys gh ladr s ns j[kk gS fd
Nu ,d lksp exu gksb jgs A iqfu vl bl izdkj ds Hksnksa dk ekStwn gksuk ogk¡ dfork
esa fo'sk"k xq.kksa dk |ksrd gS ^^Hkko Hksn jl Hksn
cpu dgr lc Hk, A vikjk] dfcr nks"k xqu fcfc/k izdkjk**1@8@10A tgk¡
,d {k.k Hkj ds fy;s rks lHkh okuj ^lksp* 'kCn dk iz;ksx nq[k ;k fpUrk esa fyIr
ohjk 'kksp esa iM+s ¼fcpkj O;Dr fd;k fd mlh gksus ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrk gS ^^lhrk cSfB ^lksp*
fooj esa½ iqu% exu gksdj jgk tk;sA vUrr% jr vgbZ** ogha êxu* in HkfDr jl esa Mwcus
fQj lc bl izdkj ls opu dgus yxsA ;g ;k fpark eqDr gksus ds vFkZ esa gqvk gS&
^^lkuqt l[kk lesr êxu* eu] fcljs gj"k lksd lq[k nq[k vuqtkuUrq eka losZ x`ga xPNUrq
xu**2@239@1 ;k ^êxu^ /;ku jl n.M tqx] iqfu okujk%**AAok- jk-4@55@11
eu ckgsj dhUgA bl ûfga tSgSa*] in esa okujksa ds }kjk
j?kqifr pfjr egsl rc gjf"kr cjuS ^fu'p;kRed cqf)* ls fy;s x;s fu.kZ; dh
yhUg**A1@119A lwpuk gSA
'kksd ls fuo`fÙk dk mik; gh eLr ¼exu½ gks ufga tSgSa tqcjkt izchuk& okujx.kksa }kjk fn;s
tkuk gS A gq;s bl lEcks/ku ^tqcjkt izchuk* ls gh fl)
îqfu vl cpu dgr lc Hk,* & rkj okuj gks tkrk gS fd vaxnth u dsoy cqf) esa
dh dgh ckr vaxnth dks Hkh vuqdy w yxhA ozgLifr ds leku vkSj cy esa firk rqY; gh
lHkh ;qok okujksa us Hkh mlh fooj esa jgus dh vR;Ur lq;ksX; gSa ¼o`gLifrlea cq)~;k
dgh ^^JqRokaaxnL;kfi opks·uqdy w ewpq'p losZ gj;% foØesln`'kafirq%½ vfirq vius lkfFk;ksa esa mrus
izrhrk%**ok-jk-4@53@27A blh 'yksd ds gh yksdfiz; Hkh gSaA okujksa ds iqjtksj leFkZu dks
HkkokFkZ ;gk¡ ^îqfu vl cpu dgr lc Hk,** ns[kdj ,dckj rks guqekuth ds eu esa Hkh 'kadk
gSA ogk¡ ok- jk- esa guqekuth us bl er dk gks vkbZ fd dgha vaxnth lqxhz oth dks jkT; ls
fcjks/k fd;k gS A fdUrq ekul esa os bl ppkZ esa gh oafpr u dj nsosa ^^vFk esus âra jkT;
'kkfey gh ugha gSa] D;ksafd vHkh Hkh os /;ku esa guwekuaxnsu rr~**Aok-jk-4@54@1 okYehfd
Mwcs gq;s gS vkSj mUgsa bl lekf/k ls txkuk iM+k
jkek;.k ds bl pkSouosa lxZ esa vf/kdka'k 'yksd
gS ^^dk pqi lkf/k jgsm cyokuk**A
vaxnth dh lq;ksX;rk ds fo"k; esa gh dgs x;s
xksLokehth us bl o`Ùkkar esa ekuo eu dh
gSaA xksLokehth us ;gk¡ mudh yksdfiz;rk ,oa
papyrk dk fnXn’kZu djk;k gSA oLrqr% ekSr dh
'kkldh; ;ksX;rk dks ^tqcjkt* in ds }kjk vkSj
pje fLFkfr esa igq¡p tkus ij Hkh eu esa lq[k
îzoh.kk* in ls muds iz[kj O;fDrRo dks
Hkksx dh fyIlk ugha feVrh gS] bls n'kkZus ds
fy;s gh mUgksaus vius dfoÙk dks fcxkM+ dj vfHkO;ä fd;k gSA
blesa fo”ke Hkko vkSj ^jgs* ^Hk,* tSls fo"ke iwoZ okyh pkSikbZ ds leku gh bl pkSikbZ
rFkk Lo ek=k okys rqdkar iz;ksx fd;s gSa A ds rqdkar ^fcuk*] îzchuk* Hkh vius vki esa
vuwBs gSaA lEiw.kZ ekul esa bl izdkj ds
ge lhrk dS lqf/k yhUgsa fcuk A ufga tSgSa mnkgj.k fdf"dU/kkdk.M ds vykok vkSj dgha Hkh
tqcjkt izchuk AA ns[kus esa ugha vkrsA ;g dk.M ekul ds chpksa
lcus ,der gksdj dgk fd gs lq;ksX; chp esa gSA xksLokehth us vius izkDdFku esa
;qojktth ! ge lhrkth dh lqf/k izkIr fd;s dgk gS ^^fcp fcp dFkk fcfp=
fcuk vkSj vkidks lkFk fy;s fcuk fdf"dU/kk fcHkkxk**1@39@6A vr% blesa fofp=rk,a rks
ugha ykSVsaxs A jgasxh ghA fdUrq muds lek/kku Hkh lq>k;s gSa A
ge lhrk dS lqf/k yhUgsa fcuk ufga tSgSa & ;g bl v)kZyh ds mPpkj.k esa rqdkar ^fcuk* vkSj
fu"ks/kkRed ^ûfga tSgSa** in lwfpr djrk gS fd îzchuk* ds dkj.k Li"V /ofu vojsc ¼cksyus esa
bu okuj ohjksa dks ;gk¡ ls ykSV tkus dh vkKk vojks/k½ gksrk gSA blds ladr s esa dgk gS ^^/kqfu
nh xbZ gSA ok- jk- ds o.kZukuqlkj vaxnth us vojsc dfcr xqu tkrh] ehu euksgj rs
bu okujksa ls dgk gS fd os lqxhz oth ds ca/kuksa cgqHkk¡rh**1@36@8A esjs vuqHkokuqlkj] bu ehu
esa d"V Hkksxus dh vis{kk izk;ksios'ku ¼miokl½ euksgjksa dks [kkstuk gks rks loZ izFke ckYehfd
}kjk e`R;q dk oj.k djuk ialn djsxas A vr% jkek;.k ds mlh izlax esa xksrs yxkus pkfg;sa ;fn
mUgsa ;gha jgus dh vkKk nsa vkSj leLr ogk¡ lek/kku u feys rks ;s euksgkjh eNfy;k¡
okujx.k vius&vius ?kj pys tk;sa& v/;kRe jkek;.k esa vo'; fey tk;sxhaA
^^cU/kukPpko lknkUes Js;% izk;ksios'kue~A
dbZ Vhdkdkjksa dks ;s nksuksa gh pkSikb;k¡ dj leqnz esa pyk tk;s] ftlls ln~xfr fey
viuh f'kfFky Hkk"kk 'kSyh vkSj oS"kE; rqdkarksa ds tk;sA
dkj.k {ksid lh yxrh gSaA fdUrq izkphu ekuh cSBs dfi lc nHkZ MlkbZ & ;g ^nHkZ MlkbZ* dh
tkus okyh izfr;ksa esa ^jgs*] ^Hk,* vkSj ^chuk*] fØ;k] izk;ksios'ku ds }kjk izk.k R;kxus ds gsrq
îzchuk* in gh feyrs gSaA oLrqr% oS"kE; rqdkar ls gh dh xbZ gS] ,slk dksbZ Li"V izek.k ;k
rks xksLokehth us Lo;a gh /;kukd"kZ.k gsrq /ofu mYys[k ekul esa ugha gS A vkxs lEikrhth ds
vojks/k dh izrhfr djkus ds fy;s gh j[ks gSaA dgs opuksa dk vk'k; ysdj gh ;k vU;
;fn bu nksuksa pkSikb;ksa dks {ksid ekudj gVk jkek;.kksa esa tks o.kZu miyC/k gS] muls bl
fn;k tk;s rks fQj izk;ksios'ku ij cSBus dk gsrq izk;ksios'ku Hkko dks xzg.k djuk iM+rk gSA
o mlds dFkuksidFku esa dksbZ rkjrE; gh ugha vU;Fkk ns[kk tk;s rks lkxj ls ;kpuk gsrq tks
feysxk] vkSj fla/kq rV tkus dk lUnHkZ Hkh NwV fØ;k izHkq Jhjketh us dh gS ^îzFke izuke dhUg
tk;sxk vr% bUgsa gVkuk lEHko gh ugha gSA fl# ukbZ] cSBs iqfu rV ^nHkZ MlkbZ**5@50@7A
okLro esa rks eeZ tkus fcuk in ;k ‘kCn gh v{kj'k% oSlk gh bu dfi;ksa us Hkh fd;k gSA dbZ
ugha vfirq vuqLokj ;k v{kj ds lkFk Hkh lw{enf'kZ;ksa ds erkuqlkj ^^nHkZ MlkbZ** vFkkZr~
NsM+NkM+ ;k jÌkscny djuk ?kkrd gSA fo’ks”kdj dq'kklu fcNkdj cSBuk] gB;ksx dh lk/kuk ds
;Fkk :i gsrq ^’k] _] .k] {k] K* vkfn dk }kjk Hkxon~ Kku izkIr djuk gSA ns[kk tk;s rks
mi;ksx djuk rks eU=iwr ekul dks fuohZ;Z Jhjketh }kjk dh xbZ bl ^nHkZ MlkbZ* fØ;k dks
cukuk gSA jko.k us Hkh gB dh gh laKk nh gS ^^lkxj lu
vl dfg you fla/kq rV tkbZ A cSBs dfi Bkuh epykbZ**5@55@5A ;gk¡ latksdj j[kk
lc nHkZ MlkbZ AA gqvk ^dfi* in ¼cSBs ^dfi* lc½ Hkh bl rF;
,slk dgdj lkjs dfi leqnz rhj ls dks cy iznku djrk gSA D;ksafd ekul esa dfi
[kkjs ikuh ds {ks= esa tkdj] ogk¡ nHkkZlu in Hkä dk ,oa Hkxon~ jlkLoknu djus&djkus
fcNkdj cSB x;s A okyksa dk izrhd gS A
vl dfg you fla/kq rV tkbZ & ^vl* ls gh bu dfi x.kksa us igys Hkh gB;ksx ds
ckr us rwy idM+h Fkh ¼vl cpu dgr lc ekxZ dk pquko fd;k Fkk ¼ns[ksa ^êju pgr lc
Hk,½ vkSj ^vl dfg* ij /olkaRed fLFkfr ;kus fcuq ty ikuk**½ vkSj vc bUgksaus thou dks gh
ej feVus dh fLFkfr ij vk xbZA vr% ejus ds nk¡o ij yxkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gS fdUrq ekul
fy;s rRij gksdj lc tu dh ekU;rk esa gB ds }kjk lQyrk ;k Hkxon~
^fla/kq rhj* ls ^fla/kq rV* pys x;sA /;ku jgs izkfIr djuk dfBu ekuk x;k gS Hkq’kqf.Mth us
fd Lo;aizHkkth us vius ricy ls bUgsa fla/kq ,sls tuksa dks ^’kB* vkSj ^tM+* ls foHkwf”kr dj
rhj igq¡pk fn;k FkkA ;kusfd ;s yksx igkM+ dh gB;ksx dk fu”ks/k fd;k gS ^^rs lB ¼gB;ksxh½
rygVh ds uhps leqnzh jsrhys fdukjs ij igq¡pk egkfla/kq fcuq rjuh] iSfj ikj pkgfga tM+
fn;s x;s FksA vc ;s ogk¡ ls py dj ¼tkbZ½ djuh**7@114@5A bl gB ;ksx ds }kjk u rks
uedhu ihus ds fy;s loZFkk vuqi;qDr ty{ks= lh/ks lk/ks jketh dks gh lQyrk feyh mudk
esa pys vk;s gSa blfy;s ^^you fla/kq rV tkbZ** Hkh rhu fnu dk vu’ku O;FkZ x;k ^^fou; u
dgk x;kA ^fla/kq rhj* dh txg ekur tyf/k tM+ x;s rhfu fnu chfr** vkSj u
^fla/kq rV* ij tkdj izk;ksios'ku ij cSBus dk gh bu okujksa dks feyuh gSA gB;ksx }kjk lQy
vkSfpR; ;gh gS fd I;kl yxus ij [kkjk ikuh gksus okys ;k rks euq'kr:ikth gaS ;k fQj ekrk
ih u ldsa] ‘kkjhfjd v'kD;rk vkus ij ykSV u ikoZrhth gSaA ekrk us Hkh Li"V 'kCnksa esa bls gB
ldsa vkSj e`R;q mijkar 'kjhj Tokj HkkVs esa cg gh Lohdk;Z fd;k gS ^êuq gB ijk u lqub
fl[kkok] pgr ckfj ij Hkhfr
mBkok**1@77@5A czãok.kh esa Hkh mudh bl vU; ;qok okujksa dks izk;ksios'ku ij cSBrs gq;s
fdz;k dks gB gh dgk x;k& ^^gB* ifjgfj ?kj ns[kk gS rc os pSrU; gq;s gSaA blhfy;s ^ns[kh*
tk,gq rcgha** ikoZrhth dks gB;ksx ds }kjk in ij tksj fn;k gS vkSj rqdka r es Hkh fo"kerk
lQyrk feyus dk jkt ;gh gS fd bUgksaus n'kkZus ds fy;s ^ns[kh* vkSj ^fols"kh* in j[ks gsaSA
jketh dh ‘kj.kkxfr igys gh ys yh Fkh vkSj dfg dFkk minsl fcls"kh & ekul] iqjk.kkfn dh
rsbl gtkj o”kksZa rd euq ‘kr:ikth dks riL;k Hkk"kk esa dFkk dk ,dek= vFkZ Hkxor~ dFkk ;k
djrs ns[k izHkq gh nzfor gks x;s ^^xfr vuU; jkedFkk gSA ftlds Jo.k ls dfy dky ds
rkil uì jkuh] ekxq ekxq c# HkS uHk ckuh] dyq"k vFkkZr dke] Øks/k] en] yksHk vkfn dk
ije xHkhj dìke`r lkuh**] ^^lrha ejr gfj lu c# uk'k gksrk gS ^^jke dFkk* dfy dYkq"k
ekxk] tue tue flo in vuqjkxk** 1@64@5A fcHkatfu**1@30@5] ^^fcey dFkk* dj dhUg
tkeoar vaxn nq[k ns[kh A dgh dFkk vjaHkk] lqur ulkfga dke en naHkk**1@34@6A
minsl fcls"kh AA tc tkeoarth us vaxnth dks vdkj.k gh nq%[kh
lqtku tkeoarth us vaxnth ds nq[k dks ns[kk rks tku x;s fd bUgsa vHkh Jhjketh ds
ns[kk rks igys mUgsa j?kqukFkth ds vorkj dh ijkRij Lo:i dk cks/k ugha gqvk gS A vr%
dFkk dgh rnqijkar mins'k fo'ks"k fn;kA igys ^dgh dFkk* mUgsa nq%[k gj.k djus okyh
^^fo'ks"kh** vFkkZr~ jkekuqt lEiznk; iz.khr ,oa lq[k iznku djus okyh jke dFkk lqukbZ
fof'k"Vk}Sr ds fl)kUr ls mins'k fn;k A ^^vc Jhjke dFkk vfr ikofu] lnk lq[kn nq[k
tkeoar vaxn nq[k ns[kh & tkeoarth ds izFke iqat ulkofu** 7@63@3A fQj mUgsa ^mins'k
ifjp; esa gh mUgsa lqfoK ^lqtku* dgk x;k gS fo'ks"kh* fd;k vFkkZr~ ^fof'k"Vk}Sr* ds }kjk
^^lqugq uhy vaxn guqekuk] tkeoar efr/khj Jhjke gh ijkRijczã Lo:i gSa bl rF; dks
^lqtkuk**A ;s l`tu ds nsork osneq[k Jhczãkth le>k;kA
ds va'k ls mn~Hkqr ekus x;s gSa A okYehfd ;g ^fcf'k"Vk}Sr er* Jhjkekuqtkpk;Zth
jkek;.k esa czãkth us dgk Hkh gS fd ,d ckj }kjk iz.khr gSA bl er esa txr vkSj thokRek
eSa t¡HkkbZ ys jgk Fkk mlh le; _`{kjkt dks czã ls fHkUu ekurs gq;s Hkh mUgsa czã ls
tkEcoku~ lglk esjs eq[k ls izdV gks x;k& mn~Hkwr vkSj czã esa gh vofLFkr ekuk x;k gSA
^îwoZeso e;kl`"Vks tkEcoku`{kiqaxo%A vkSj izkjEHk ls gh xksLokehth blh er dk
tÈHkek.kL; lglk ee fu:i.k djrs vk jgs gSa ^^jke czã fpue;
oD=kntk;r**AA1@17@7 ok- jk- vfcuklh] lcZ jfgr lc mj iqj
,slh uSjk'; Hkjh fLFkfr ls mckjus ds fy;s gh cklh**1@119@3A vxyh pkSikb;ksa esa Hkh blh
lqtku tkeoarth bu ;qok lqHkVksa ds lax Hksts fof'k"Vk}Sr ds fl)kUr ns[kus dks feysxsaA
x;s FksA ;gk¡ iz;qDr ^^ns[kh** in Li"V lwfpr Hkxoku Jhd`".k us Hkh xhrkth esa blh er dk
djrk gS fd blds iwoZ bUgksaus ;qok lqHkVksa] izfriknu djrs gq;s vtqZu ls dgk gS ^êq>
¼ftUgsa fd ckj ckj ^^dfi chjk** ls bafxr fd;k fujkdkj ijekRek ls ;g lc txr ¼ty ls
x;k gS½ ds chp gq;s okrkZyki dks lquk ;k ns[kk cjQ ds ln`'k½ ifjiw.kZ gSa vkSj lc Hkwr ¼tho½
ugha gSA ;g Hkh laHko gS fd uy] uhy esjs vUrxZr ladYi ds vk/kkj fLFkr gSa] fdUrq
guqekuth o tkeoarth tSls ofj"Btu vHkh Hkh okLro esa eSa muesa fLFkr ugha gw¡&
Lo;aizHkkth dh nh gqbZ lEefr ^êwngq u;u fooj ^ê;k rrfena loZa txnO;äewfrZukA
rft tkgq** ds vuqlkj /;ku tfur lq[k esa Mwcs eRLFkkfu loZHkwrkfu u pkga
gq;s gSa A lEHkor% tc ;s yksx vaxnth dh rs"oofLFkr%**AAJhxhrkth9@4
vxqokuh esa mudk vuqlj.k djrs gq;s leqnz rV ns[kk tk;s rks osnkUr ok³~e; esa izR;sd
ij igq¡ps gSa vkSj tkeoarth us vaxnth ds lkFk 'kCn dk ,d lqfuf'pr vFkZ ekuk x;k gSA vkSj
xksLokehth us Hkh ekul esa izR;sd 'kCn dk vkSj nq%[k dk dkj.k ;gh gS fd rqe bUgsa uj
iz;ksx] osnkUr ls lqfuf'pr vFkksZa ds vuqlkj gh le> dj vkpj.k dj jgs gksA ;gk¡ iz’u fd;k
fd;k gS] bldk ladr s mUgksaus ^ôsnkUr os|a gS fd D;k le>sa\ blds izR;qÙkj esa dgk fd&
foHkqe~**5@1@ea- tSls inksa }kjk fd;k gS vjFkq ekugq fuxqZu czã vftr vt tkugq & ^êkugq**
vfer vfr vk[kj Fkksjs ds vuqlkj ^minsl in fl[kkou ds :i esa dgk x;k gS tSlsfd
fcls”kh* Hkh fof’k”Vk}Sr dk ladr s d gSA ;fn ^êkugq* dgk Øks/k rft rSls** 5@53@1 ;k
lqfoKtu bl ^lhrk lqf/k* izlax dk euu ^^tkSsa fiz; êkugq* eksj fl[kkou**6@6@8A
fof’k”Vk}Sr dh n`f”V ls djas rks mUgsa izR;sd jketh dks ;fn uj ekuus dh dguh gksrh] rks
pkSikbZ esa Jhxhrk vkSj Hkkxorkfn esa of.kZr êkum¡* dgk gksrk tSlsfd& ^êkum¡* ,d Hkxfr
mins'k ns[kus dks fey tk;sxaAs ;ksa Hkh bu nksuksa dj ukrk**A tkeoarth dk dguk gS fd bUgsa
izlaxksa esa cgqr lkE; gS& fuxZq.k czã ekuks ¼ekugq fuxqZ.k czã½A fuxZq.k czã
¼1½ ogk¡ j.k{ks= esa JhvtqZu Fks rks ;gk¡ ou dgus esa ladr s gS fd ;s lrksx.q k] jtksxq.k vkSj
{ks= esa Jhvaxnth gSaA reksx.q k ds izrhd Øe'k% fo".kq] czãk vkSj egs'k
¼2½ muds ppsjs HkkbZ izfr i{k esa Fks rks ;gk¡ ls Hkh ijs gSaA fufgrkFkZ gS fd euq&'kr:ikth dh
bUgsa lxs pkpk ls fo}s"k gSA dkeuk ij tks ijkRijczã vorfjr gqvk gS] os
¼3½ os ;q) ls fojr gksdj jFk ess cSB x;s rks ;gh gSaA
;s ejus ds fy;s leqnz rV ij dq'kklu ij ;s ^vftr* ;kus vts; gSaA fdlh Hkh vorkj
cSBs gSaA xkFkk esa bUgsa fdlh ls ijkHko ugha feyk] fdlh
¼4½ ogk¡ fo".kq ds vorkj Jhd`".k us mins'k Hkh 'kfDr ls ?kf"kZr ¼Nht&cêk½ ugha gks ldrs
fd;k Fkk rks ;gk¡ czãkth ds va'kkorkj D;ksafd ;s ^^/kwedsrq lr dksfV le ^nqjk/kj"k*
tkeoarth mins'kdrkZ gSaA Hkxoar**7@91@1 gSaA ;s ^vt* gSa] vFkkZr~ budk
¼5½ ogk¡ mUgsa Hkxoku us fo'o:i fn[kyk;k Fkk] izkd`r euq"; ds leku tUe ugha gqvk] ;s izdV
rks ;gk¡ Hkxoku ds fo'o:i dk Kku fn;k gq;s gSa& ^^Hk, îzxV* dìkyk nhu n;kyk
tk jgk gSA dkSlY;k fgrdkjh**A
rkr jke dgq¡ uj tfu ekugq A fuxqZu czã osnkUr ds vuqlkj czã ;k bZ'oj Lo;a
vftr vt tkugq A ds êkuus* dk fo"k; gSA vkSj tho ;k txr
gs rkr ! Jhjketh dgha euq"; gSa D;k \ vFkok viuh vkRek esa fLFkr czã ^tkuus* dk
mUgsa rks lrks] jtks vkSj reksa bu rhuksa gh xq.kks fo"k; gS ^^,rTKs;a fuR;esokRelaLFka**A
ls ijs] fuxqZ.k czã ekuks tksfd lnSo vts; vkSj 'osrk'orjksifu"kn~1@12A vUR;k{kj ^tkugq* ds
vtUek gaSA vFkkZr~ mUgsa ijkHko vkSj tUeej.k dkj.k rks ;gh yxrk gS fd ;gk¡ ^fuxqZ.k czã
ls jfgr vorkjh iq#"k tkuksA vftr vt* dks tkuus dh dgh gSA ijUrq igyk
rkr jke dgq¡ uj tfu ¼ekugq½& ^rkr* lEcks/ku okD; tSlk fd Åij mi'kh"kZd esa Li"V fd;k gS
,d vksj rks Jhvaxnth dk /;ku vkd`"V djus ^^jke dgq¡ uj tfu\ gS vkSj nwljk okD;
ds fy;s iz;qDr gqvk gS] ogha Jhjketh ds fy;s ^êkugq fuxqZu czã vftr vt** gS vkSj
Hkh ^rkr* lEcks/ku nsdj mUgsa ijEijkxr lEeku ^tkugq* in lksís'; vxyh pkSikbZ ds fy;s
iznku fd;k gS tSls fd ^^rkr jke ufga uj iz;qDr gqvk gSA ;gk¡ ds rqdkUr Lo esa gSa
Hkwikyk] Hkqous'oj dkygq dj dkyk**5@38@1] ¼ekugq&tkugq½A vr% ;gk¡ Hkh xw<+kFkZ fufgr gS]
vFkok ^^rkr ekr lc fcf/k rqylh ds**A ftldk Li"Vhdj.k tkeoarth us gh vxyh
^^jke dgq¡ uj tfu** bldk Li"V HkkokFkZ gS fd pkSikbZ esa fd;k gS&
Jhjketh Hkh dgha ge lc lsod vfr cM+Hkkxh A larr lxqu
lk/kkj.k uj gks ldrs gSa \ rqEgkjh O;kdqyrk czã vuqjkxh AA
ge lc Hkh muds lsod gSa vkSj vR;Ur }kjk blh fof'k"Vk}Sr ls HkfDr er dh vksj
cM+Hkkxh Hkh D;ksafd fujUrj lxq.k czã ds lax ladr s fd;k x;kA fof'k"Vk}Sr n'kZu esa Kku dh
vuqjkx j[krs vk;s gSa A vis{kk ldy lq[k dh [kku HkfDr dk LFkku
tkugq ge lc lsod vfr cM+Hkkxh & fiNys Js"B gS vkSj ekul dh Hkh ekU;rk ;gh gS&
^tkugq* in dks ;gk¡ j[k ysa A blds }kjk ^^X;ku vxe izR;wg vusdk] lk/ku dfBu u eu dgq¡
tkeoarth us tkudkjh nh gS fd jketh fuxqZ.k Vsdk**7@44@3 ^^vl fcpkjh ts eqfu fcX;kuh] tkpfga Hkxfr
czã gSa vkSj ;g Hkh tku yks fd ge lc muds ldy lq[k [kkuh**7@115@8
fo'ks"k HkkX;'kkyh ¼vfr cM+Hkkxh½ lsodksa esa ls larr lxqu czge vuqjkxh & vkidks ;fn ^^lksbZ
gSaA tksfd lnSo lxq.k czã ls vuqjkx j[krs gSaA xquX; lksbZ cM+Hkkxh**4@22@7 esa dh xbZ
ekul esa ^lsod* in izk;% lxq.kksikld foopsuk dk /;ku gks rks] ogk¡ Li”V dgk gS fd
HkDr ds vFkZ esa gh iz;qDr gqvk gSA pw¡fd ^cM+Hkkxh* in ekul esa vfr fof'k"V ;kus dsoy
fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa ijks{k :i ls HkDr] HkfDr 5&6 fxus pqus HkDrksa ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gqvk gS
vkSj Hkxoku dh gh ppkZ gSA vr% blesa lsod A lHkh tkurs gS fd le>nkj O;fDr vius gh
in Hkh lokZf/kd ;kus lkr ckj vk;k gSA lkFk eq[k ls viuh rkjhQ dnkfi ugha djrk gSA
gh] lsod Hkko ds ek/;e ls fof'k"Vk}Sr vkSj ;gk¡ vHkh] tkeoarth tSls lqtku us Lo;a
fl)kUr dh loksZRd`"V izLrqfr Hkh blh dk.M esa vius vkidks vfr cM+Hkkxh ^^ge lc lsod
gqbZ gS& vfr cM+Hkkxh** crk;k gS rks mudk ;g dguk
^^lks vuU; tkdsa vfl efr u Vjb vdkj.k ugha gSA iwoksZDr pkSikbZ esa mUgksaus bu
guqearA jketh dks ^fuxqZ.k czã* ;kus ijkRijczã dk
eSa ^lsod* lpjkpj :i LOkkfe vorkj crk;k gSA ;ksa rks ekul dh Hkk"kk esa
Hkxoar**AA4@3 lxq.k&fuXkqZ.k esa dksbZ vUrj ugha gS ^^lxqufg
tkeoarth }kjk fn;k gqvk ;g mins'k u rks vxqufga ufga dNq Hksnk] xkofga eqfu iqjku cq/k
okYehfd jkek;.k esa gS vkSj u gh v/;kRe esaA csnk**1@115@1A ijUrq ;gk¡ tkeoarth dk
gk¡] guqekuth egkjkt }kjk fn;k gqvk Bhd vfHkizk; gS fd ge yksx lnSo lxq.k czã
,slk gh mins'k v/;kRe jkek;.k esa t:j gS& Jhfo".kq ds vuqjkxh jgs gSaA blh ds QyLo#i
^^jkeks u ekuq"kks nso% gesa bl ckj fuxqZ.k fujkdkj czã ds lax
lk{kkUukjk;.kks·O;;%**A 4@7@16 lkfeI; eks{k dh miyfC/k gqbZ gS blfy;s ge
^ô;a p ik"kZnk LkosZ fo".kksoSZdq.B vR;Ur lkSHkkX;'kkyh ^vfr cM+Hkkxh* gSaA
okflu%**A 4@7@19 nksgk& fut bPN¡k izHkq vorjb lqj efg xks
vFkkZr~& gs vaxn jketh dksbZ lk/kkj.k euq"; f}t ykfx A
ugha gSaA os lk{kkr~ fufoZdkj ukjk;.k nso gSaA ge
lxqu mikld lax rg¡ jgfga eksPN
lc Hkh oSd.q B esa jgus okys Hkxoku fo".kq ds
ik"kZn gSaA ¼lc½ lq[k R;kfxAA26
foxr pkSikbZ esa ^tkugq* in ds }kjk izHkq viuh bPNk ls vorfjr gksrs gSa ;k
blh fo".kq Hkxoku ds lsod ¼ik"kZn½ gksuk tuk;k fQj nsork] i`Foh xkS vkSj czkã.kksa ds fgr ds
¼Kku fn;k½ x;kA jkekuqt lEiznk; esa ukjk;.k fy;s gksrs gSaA rc ogk¡ lxq.k lkdkj ds mikld
Hkxoku ¼bUgsa gh fo".kq dgk x;k gS½ ije lkehI; ;ksx ikus ds fy;s eks{k lq[k dks R;kx
mikL; ekus x;s gSaA bl dj muds lax cus jgrs gSaA
fdf"dU/kkdk.M ds izkjEHk esa gh ^ûj ukjk;.k fut bPNk¡ izHkq vorjb & izHkq vFkkZr~ Lokeh]
dh rqEg nksm** esa bUgha ukjk;.k dh vksj rFkk fu;UrkA tkEoUrth us izHkq lEcks/ku nsdj trk;k
^^cnjhcu dgq¡ lks xbZ izHkq vX;k /kfj lhl** ds fd ;s jketh ijkRijczã ds vorkj gSa ¼;fn ;s
fo".kq gksrs rks led{k ds ukrs os mUgsa izHkq ugha
dgrs½] vf[ky czãk.M ds fu;ked gSa ^^jkse ^^foiz /ksuq lqj lar fgr yhUg euqt
jkse izfr ykxs dksfV dksfV czã.M**1@201 ^fut vorkjA
bPNk¡* ds }kjk ;gk¡ ;g Hkh Li"V fd;k fd fut bPNk fufeZr ruq ek;k xqu
buds vorkj ysus esa ojnku ;k Jki vFkok xksikj**1@192A
izkjC/k&Hkksxkfn dkj.k ugha gSA ;s rks Lo;a dh ;gk¡ bl nksgs eas rks foiz /ksuq in igys vk;k gSA
^bPNk¡* ls gh vorfjr gksrs gSaA ns[kus ij Jki ijUrq Jhvaxnth] tkeoarth :ih okuj@_{kkfn
;k ojnku okys izlaxksa esa Hkh Li"V ladr s fey nsoksa ds va'k ls mn~Hkwr ¼izdV gq;s½ gSaA blfy;s
tk;saxs fd izHkq us vorkj xzg.k djus dh bPNk tkeoarth us nsoksa ds fgr dh ckr igys Lej.k
ls gh oSlh ifjfLFkfr fufeZr dh FkhA djkbZ vr% ^^lqj efg xks f}t ykfx** dgk &
euq'kr:ikth okys ôjnku* izlax dks gh ysosa] lxqu mikld lax rg¡ jgfg & bl ^^lax rg¡
nEifRr dks dsoy jketh ds leku iq= gh jgfg** esa ^rg¡* in vojsc ¼mPpkj.k esa
pkfg;s Fkk ^^pkggq¡ rqEgfg leku lqr**A izHkq xfrjks/k½ iSnk dj jgk gSA fdUrq ;g ;gk¡
pkgrs rks Hkxoku fo".kq dks Hkh Hkst ldrs Fks A tkx:d ikBdksa ds /;kukd"kZ.k gsrq gh liz;kl
ijUrq mudh bPNk rks Lo;a i/kkjus dh Fkh vr% j[kk x;k gSA vU;Fkk ^lax jgfg* ls gh Hkko
dg fn;k ^^vkiq lfjl [kkstkS dg¡ tkbZ] uì ro iwjk&iwjk mrjrk gSA 'kCnkFkZ rks bldk ;gh gS
ru; gksc êSa* vkbZ** 1@149@2A fd izHkq&vorkj ds le; lxq.kksikld muds lax
blh izdkj ukjnth }kjk fn;s x;s] Jki ogk¡ jgrs gS ijUrq bldks xw<+kFkZ fufgr gS fd
okys izlax dks Hkh ns[k ysaA ogk¡ izHkq us vius izHkq Hkh bu lxq.kksikldksa ds lax lax ogk¡
dkSrqd ds fy;s ,slh ifjfLFkfr fufeZr dj nh fd mifLFkr jgrs gSaA bl ^rg¡ in* dk eeZ Hkxoku
mUgsa ukjnth ls Jki feys gh feys ^êqfu dj 'kadj ds opuksa esa mn~?kkfVr gqvk gS
fgr ee dkSrqd gksbZ vofl mik; djfc eSa ^^tkds ân;¡ Hkxfr tfl izhrh] izHkq ^rg¡ izxV*
lksbZ**1@128@6A Jki ns nsus ds ckn Hkh lnk rsfg jhrh** 1@184@3 tkeoarth us Hkh
ukjnth us ml Jki dks e`"kk ¼O;FkZ½ djkuk ;gh dgus ds fy, fd izHkq ;gk¡ bl le; Hkh
pkgk Fkk ^ê`"kk gksm ee Jki dìkyk**A ijUrq gekjs lax gSa] ^rg¡ in* yxk;k gSA vkSj bl
izHkq us bUdkj djrs gq;s dg fn;k fd ;g lc dFku ds rRdky ckn gh bu dfi ohjksa ij
rks esjh bPNkuqlkj gh gqvk gS ^êe* bPNk dg lEikfrth ds :i esa] îzHkq dìk* gqbZ Hkh gSA
nhu n;kyk**1@137@3A vr,o vorkj ysus esa eksPN lq[k @lc R;kfx & xhrk izsl okyh ekul
izHkq dh bPNk gh eq[; gsSA esa ^lc* in Nik gS vkSj ukxjh izpkfj.kh dk'kh
lqj efg xks f}t ykfx & ;g ^ykfx* in iwoZ esa ^lq[k* gSA ;fn êksPN lc R;kfx* lc izdkj
lUnHkZ dk ladr s d gS] czãlHkk esa gqbZ czãok.kh ds eks{kksa dks R;kxus dh ckr dh tk;s rks ;g
esa izHkq us vk’oklu fn;k gS ^^rqEgfg ^ykfx* ekuo nsgh esa laHko ugha gSA lc eks{kksa dh ckr
/kfjgm¡ uj cslk**1@186@1 ^ykfx* dk rkRi;Z tkus nsa] dsoy ,d izdkj dk eks{k izkIr djuk
gS buds fgr ds fy;s] dY;k.k ds fy;s vorfjr gh vfr nqyZHk dgk x;k gS ^^vfr nqyZHk dSoY;
gksrs gSaA oLrqr% nso] /kjrh] xkS vkSj foiz ;s ¼eks{k½ ije in] lr iqjku fuxe vkxe
pkjksa gh u dsoy ekuoksa ds fy;s] vfirq lEiw.kZ cn**7@118@3A vkSj ekul esa gh ikap ;k
l`f"V ds fy;s dY;k.kdkjh ekus x;s gSaA nso mlls vf/kd izdkj ds eks{kksa dk o.kZu fey
o"kkZfn ds }kjk] /kjrh mitkÅ jgdj] xksoa'k tk;sxk ;Fkk lkyksD;] lk:I;] lk;qT;] dSoY;]
iapxO; iznku dj ,oa f}t Kku }kjk lkehI; vkfnA lkyksD; eks{k] ;kus cSd.q B dh
lektksRFkku djds] l`f"V dk dY;k.k djrs gSaA izkfIr fcjk/k vlqj dks gqbZ gS ^^rqjrfg #fpj :i
blhfy;s izHkq buds lao/kZu ¼ykfx½ gsrq vorkj rsfg ikok] nsf[k nq[kh ^fut /kke* iBkok**3@6@7A
xzg.k djrs gSa& ^lk:I;* eks{k] JhtVk;qth dks iznku gqvk gS
^^xh/k nsg rft ^/kfj gfj :ik*] Hkw"ku cgq iV ,fg fcf/k dFkk dgfga cgq Hkk¡fr & ;gk¡ dk
ihr vuwik**3@31@3A lk;qT; eks{k dh izkfIr ^dgfga* in cgqopu gS tSlk fd vHkh ^rg¡
jko.k dqEHkdj.k bR;kfn fu'kkpjksa dh gqbZ gS& jgfga* in vusd lxq.kksikld HkDrksa ds fy;s
^^rklq rst leku izHkq vkuu] gj"ks nsf[k laHkq FkkA vU;= Hkh ^dgfga* in cgqopu vkSj dgrs
prqjkuu**6@102@9A vkSj dsoY; ije in dh gSa ds vFkZ esa gh iz;qDr gqvk gS tSlkfd ^^ldy
vf/kdkfj.kh 'kcjhth gqbZ gS ^^rft tksx ikod dgfga t; dìk c#Fkk**] ^^rnfi lar eqfu csn
nsg ^gfj in yhu Hkb* tg¡ ufga fQjs**3@35 iqjkuk] tl dNq ^dgfga* Loefr
NanA lkehI; eks{k dks gh Hksn&HkfDr dgk x;k gS vuqekuk**1@120@4A rkRi;Z gS fd ;gk¡ dgus
ftldh dkeuk izk;% lHkh lxq.kksikld HkDrksa dks okys vdsys tkeoarth gh ugha gS cfYd blh
gksrh gSA bldk Hkkoiw.kZ o.kZu n'kjFkth ds izlax izdkj dh dFkk,a vusd Hkkyq dfi dg jgs gSaA
esa gqvk gS& dsoy tkeoarth ds fy;s gh dguk gksrk rks
^^rkrs mek eksPN ufga ik;ks] n'kjFk ^Hksn Hkxfr* eu ^^,fg fcf/k dFkk dgh cgq Hkk¡rh** gh fy[kuk
yk;ksA i;kZIr Fkk tSlk fd vHkh ^^dgh dFkk minsl
lxquksikld eksPN u yssgha] frUg dgq¡ jke Hkxfr fut fcls"kh** dgk x;kA oLrqr% okYehfd jkek;.k esa
nsgha**A6@111@7 o.kZu vk;k gS fd izk;ksios'ku ij cSBs gq;s
;fn ^lc R;kfx* in ls lc dqN R;kxus okujx.k vkil esa Jhjkethds cuokl]
dk fopkj fd;k tk;s rks Jhxhrkth esa Hkxoku jktkn'kjFkth dh e`R;q] tuLFkku oklh jk{klksa ds
Jhd`”.k us dgk gS fd nsg/kkjh euq”; }kjk lagkj] fonsg dqekjh Jhlhrkth dk vigj.k]
lEiw.kZ deksZa dk R;kx djuk laHko ugha gS ^û tVk;qth dk ej.k] ckyh ds o/k vkSj Jhjketh
fg nsgHk`rk ‘kD;a R;äqa dekZ.;’ks”kr%**A18@11 ds ¼lqxhz oth ij½ Øks/k dh ppkZ djus yxs rHkh
lc R;kxus ls 'kjhj dk fuokZg gh ugha gks ¼lEikfrth ds :i esa½+ nwljk Hk; vk igq¡pk&
ldrk vkSj 'kjhj ds jgs fcuk HkfDr Hkh ugha ^^jkeL; ouokla p {k;a n'kjFkL; pA
gks ldrh ^^ru fcuq csn Hktu ufga tu LFkku o/ka pSo o/ka pSo tVk;q"k%A
cjuk**7@95@5A vr% 'kq) ikB ^êksPN lq[k gj.ka pSo oSnsák okfyuÜpo/ka rFkkA
R;kfx** gh gksxkA bldh iqf"V gsrq vkxs o.kZu Hkh jke dksia p onrka gjh.kka
feyrk gS fd gfj Hkxfr ls vuk;kl eks{k lq[k Hk;ekxre~**AA4@55@21@22
dh izkfIr gksrh gS ^^rFkk êksPN lq[k* lquq xksLokehth us mijksDr lc ckrksa dks bl ^^dgfga
[kxjkbZ] jfg u ldb gfj Hkxfr fcgkbZ** cgq Hkk¡fr** v)kZyh esa mtkxj fd;k gSAoLrqr%
1@118@6 A xksLokehth us ekul dh jpuk LokUr lq[kk; dh
pw¡fd vaxnth bl le; nq[kh gS vr% gS ^^LokUr% lqq[kk; rqylh j?kqukFkxkFkk
tkeoarth dh fl[kkou gS fd ge lxq.kksikldksa Hkk"kkfucU)efr eatqyekruksfr**1@ea0 vkSj pw¡fd
us izHkq dk lkehI; ikus ds fy;s gh eks{k lq[k vius eu ds izcks/ku ds fy, gh dh gS&
vkSj vU; lq[kksa dk R;kx dj Hkfä ekxZ pquk ^^Hkk"kkc) djfc eSa lksbZ] eksjs eu izcks/k tsfga
gS] vr% nq%[kh ugha gksuk pkfg,A gksbZ**1@30@2 vkSj ‘kSyh mudh ^vjFkq vfer
,fg fcf/k dFkk dgfga cgq Hkk¡rh A fxfj vfr vk[kj Fkksjs* okyh gS vr% ^dgfga* tSls
danjk¡ lquh laikrh AA y?kq ladr s dksa esa Hkh tks ckr mUgksaus latksbZ gS
blh izdkj dh vFkkZr~ tkeoarth ds mldk Hkko mUgsa fey tkrk FkkA vkSj buds fy;s
}kjk dgh xbZ mins'kkRed dFkkvksa ds vuqlkj gesa v- o ok- jkek;.k esa xksrs yxkus iM+rs gSaA
gh cgqr yksx cgqr Hkk¡fr ls dFkk,a dg jgs gSaA fxfj danjk¡ lquh laikrh & ^lquh* in ls ;gk¡
ioZr dh ladjh xqQk esa cSBs gq;s laikfrth us rkRi;Z okujksa dh ok.kh ls ugha gS vfirq
mUgsa lquk A jkekorkj ls lEcfU/kr dFkkvksa ls gS A uo/kk
HkfDr esa jketh us lRlax djus o dFkkfn Jo.k fut izHkq dktk] ^tg¡ rg¡ ukpb* ifjgfj
djus dks mPp dksfV dh HkfDr crk;k gS ^îzFke yktk**6@23@1A dfi] dhl] edZV] ckuj]
Hkxfr larUg dj laxk] nwlfj jfr ee dFkk canj] lk[kke`x vkfn dsoy i;kZ;okph 'kCn gh
izlaxk**3@34@8A vHkh tkeoarth us tkss ugha gS] vfirq bu lc ds vius vyx&vyx
^^lxqu mikld lax rg¡ jgfg** dgk Fkk og Hkko gSaA ^dhl* indk iz;ksx HkDrksa ;k izHkq ds
lRlax gh gSA okYehfd jkek;.k ds vuqlkj Hkh lgk;dksa ds vFkZ esa gqvk gS ^^dfjgfga ^dhl*
;s okujx.k lRlax gh dj jgs gSaA ;gk¡ bl lgk; rqEgkjh**1@136@7] ^^tkaS vfl efr
pkSikbZ ^dFkk dgfga* ,oa ^lquh laikrh* inksa esa lgk; d`r ^dhlk** 5@55@4A ;gk¡ lEikfrth
uo/kk HkfDr esa dgk x;k ^^jfr ee dFkk dk vfHkizk; gS fd mUgsa /;ku ls ckgj vkus ij
izlaxk** dk iwjk Hkko miyC/k gSA uo/kk HkfDr Hkxor HkDrksa ds n'kZu gq;s gSa A
eks{knkf;uh dgh xbZ gSA ‘kcjhth ds fy;s Hkh eksfg vgkj nhUg txnhlk & ;gk¡ ^^vgkj
^^gfj in yhu Hkb tg¡ ufga fQjs** dgk x;k gS nhUgk** ls rkRi;Z gS fd izHkq us eq>s vius
vkSj Hkxoku 'kadj us Hkh bUgsa Hkolkxj ls xq.kxku lquus dk volj iznku fd;k gS A
rkjus okyh crk;k gS ^^dgfga lqufga vuqeksnu okYehfdth us vk/;kfRed n`f"V ls pkSng Hkou
djgha] rs xksin bo Hko fuf/k :ih tks pkSng HkDrksa ds y{k.k n'kkZ;s gSa muesa
^rjgha**7@128@6A lEikfrth dks Hkh ;gh ykHk dgk Hkh gS&
bu dFkk Jo.kkfn dk feyk gS tks gesa izR;{k ^^tl rqEgkj ekul fcey g¡flfu thgk
vxyh pkSikb;ksa esa ns[kus feysxkA /;ku jgs fd tklqA
;g ^fxfj danjk¡* ogh cqf) okyh pkSFkh xqQk gS eqDrk gy xqu xu pqubZ jke clgq fg;¡
ftldh ppkZ ^îzFkefg nsoUg ^fxfj xqgk**] nksgk rklq**AA2@128
12 esa dh gSA ;gk¡ ^fxfj* ls efLr”d dh êfr* ^txnhlk* dg dj ;g Hkh n'kkZ;k gS fd mUgksaus
dk ladr s fd;k gS] bldk [kqyklk vkxs fd;k deZ djus ds iwoZ vius b"V dk Lej.k fd;k
gS& gSA tSlkfd pkSng Hkqou okys izlax esa dgk x;k
ckgsj gksb nsf[k cgq dhlk A eksfg vgkj gS ^^rqEgfg fucsfnr Hkkstu djgha] izHkq izlkn iV Hkw"ku
nhUg txnhlk AA /kjgha**2@128@2
lEikfrth danjk ls ckgj gq;s rks mUgksaus ^txnhlk*& in ;gk¡ Hkxoku 'kadj ds fy;s
cgqr ls okujksa dks ns[kdj vuqxgz ekurs gq;s iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^lad# txr oa| ^txnhlk*]
dgk gs txnh'oj ! vkius eq>s Hkkstu iznku lqj uj eqfu lc ukor lhlk**1@49@6A ;ksa
fd;k gSA Hkh vkf/kHkkSfrd n`f"V ls xh/k ejs gq;s tho dk
ckgsj gksfg nsf[k cgq dhlk& ^ckgsj gksb* dk ek¡l [kkrs gSa ^^xh/k
rkRi;Z gS Hkko txr ls ;FkkFkZ fLFkfr esa vkuk v/ke [kx vkfe"k Hkksxh**A vkSj Hkxoku 'kadj
tSlk fd Hkxoku 'kadj dFkk dgus ds iwoZ gq;s l`f"V ds lagkjdrkZ gSa] 'e'kkuoklh ekus x;s gSa
Fks ^êxu /;ku jl naM tqx iqfu êu ckgsj* ^^'e'kkus"ok ØhM+k Lejgj ! fi'kkpk% lgpjk%**A
dhUg**1@111A mís'; ;fn danjk ls ckgj vkuk xksLokehth us Hkh Hkxoku fo".kq ds fy;s
gh fn[kykuk gksrk rks ^gksbZ* in ds LFkku ij ^txnhl* in cjrus dh cjkcj lko/kkuh j[kh
^vkb* ;k ^fudfl* tSls 'kCn iz;qDr gkssrs A gS ^^Jqfr lsrq ikyd jke rqEg ^txnhl* ek;k
^dhlk* in Hkh ;gk¡ dfi ¼HkDr½ ds vFkZ esa gh tkudh**2@125NanA xw<+kFkZ esa ;gk¡ HkfDr vkSj
iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^Jh jkeukeke`r jla ficrhfr lRlax iznku djus ds fy;s Hkxoku ‘kadj dks
dfi%**A xkSjkax izHkq ds leku Hkxon~ jl esa] /kU;okn fn;k gSA pw¡fd HkfDr 'kadjth Hkh nsrs gSa
exu jgus o ukpus ds dkj.k jko.k us Hkh bUgsa ^^Hkxfr eksfj rsfg ladj nsbfg**6@2@3A vr%
dVk{k esa ^dhl* gh dgk gS ^^/kU; ^dhl* tks
^txnhlk* in ;gk¡ Hkxoku 'kadj ds fy;s dgk lu ^py* u pkrqjh eksjh**4@9A ;fn
x;k gS ,slk ekuuk gh mfpr gksxkA xksLokehth dk vk'k; Vhdkdkjksa ds vuqlkj gh
vktq lcfg dg¡ HkPNu djÅ¡ A fnu cgq gksrk rks os ^pys* in ds LFkku ij vklkuh ls
pys vgkj fcuq ejÅ¡ AA ^chrs* ;k ^x,* 'kCn dks iz;qDr dj ldrs Fks]
vkt gh lHkh dks [kkÅ¡xk ughaA cgqr tSlsfd ^^fcu; u ekur tyf/k tM+ ^x,* rhfu
fnu pysxk] vkgkj ds fcuk ej jgk gw¡ vFkok fnu chfr**5@57A ;gk¡ Hkko gS fd ;g lar
vkgkj ds fcuk e:¡xk ugha A lekxe :ih vkgkj ;kuh Hkxor ppkZ&ifjppkZ
vktq lcfg dg¡ HkPN u djÅ¡& vf/kdka'k cgqr fnuksa rd pysxkA Hkxor~ ppkZ;as fujUrj
Vhdkdkj bl pkSikbZ dk vFkZ ;ksa yxkrs gSa pyrh jguh pkfg,] pkSng Hkqouksa ds izlax esa
^^vkt eSa lHkh dks [kk tkÅ¡xkA fnu cgqr Hkh dgk x;k gS& ^^ftUg ds Jou leqnz lekuk]
O;rhr gks x;s] vkgkj ds fcuk ej jgk Fkk**A dFkk rqEgfkj lqHkx lfj ukukA
fdUrq lk/kkj.k lh lkspus dh ckr gS fd ,d ^Hkjfg fujarj gksfg u iwjs*] frUg ds fg; rqEg dgWaq x`g
vdsyk xh/k brus lkjs fo'kky vkdkj ds okujksa :js**2@127@5A ;gk¡ ^^fnu cgq pys** esa mijksä
dks ^vktq* ,d fnu esa gh dSls [kk ik;sxk\ fQj ^^gksfg u iwjs** dk Hkko gh n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ;g
bl izdkj ls vFkZ djus ij nksuksa jkek;.kksa ds Hkh /;ku jgs fd ^HkPN* 'kCn dk iz;ksx ekalkgkj
vk'k; ls Hkh bldk rkyesy ugha cSBrk gSA ;k
v/;kRe jkek;.k esa lEikfrth us bu cM+s&cM+s fu"ks/k oLrqvksa ds mi;ksx gsrq gh gksrk gSA
ckujksa dks izk;ksios'ku ij cSBs ns[k dj dgk gS xksLokehth us Hkh ,slk gh fd;k gS ^^vlqHk
^^vkt eq>s cgqr Hk{; izkIr gks x;k gSA vc eSa os"k Hkw"ku /kjsa ^HkPNkHkPN* ts [kkfga**7@98]
bu lcdks fuR; izfr Øe'k% ,d ,d dj ^^dgq¡ efg"k ekuq"k /ksuq [kj vt [ky fulkpj
[kkÅ¡xk**& ^HkPNgha**5@3@NanA fdUrq vkgkj ;k Hkkstu in
^^mokp 'kudSx`ZX/kz% izkIrks Hk{;ks·| esa cgq%A dsoy vUu ;k 'kkdkgkj ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gq;s
,dSd'k% ØekRlokZu~ Hk{k;kfe fnus gSa ^^djfga ^vgkj* lkd Qy dank] lqfejfga czã
fnus**AA4@7@31 v0jk0 lfPpnkuank** 1@143@1A vr% HkfDr ekxZ dh n`f"V
ckYehfd jkek;.k esa Hkh izk;% ;gh dgk x;k gS ls ,oa ^txnhlk* in ds iz;ksx ls Hkh ^^HkPN u
fd bu okujksa esa ls tks ejrk tk;sxk] mldks eSa djÅ¡** okyk vFkZ xzg.k djuk gh mfpr gksxkA
Øe'k% Hk{k.k djrk tkÅ¡xk ^îjEijk.kka Hkf{k";s ,oa ^vgkj* in dks Hkh lkfRod Hkko esa lRlax
okujk.kka e`ra e`re~**4@56@5A pw¡fd xksLokehth ppkZ ds vFkZ esa ysuk gh ;ksX; gksxk] tSlkfd
ds le; dh iqjkuh ys[ku i)fr esa fcuk foPNsn Jhxhrkth esa ;ksx flf) ds fy;s dgk x;k gS
fd;s ,d gh iafDr esa fy[kus dh ijEijk jgh ^^;qäkgkj fogkjL;] ;qä ps"VL; deZlq**6@17A
gSA jktkiqj esa j[ks gq;s rqylhnklth dh dcgq¡ u fey Hkfj mnj vgkjk A vktq nhUg
gLrfyfi esa Hkh blh ijEijk dk vuqikyu gqvk fcf/k ,dfga ckjk AA
gSA blh dkj.k ;gk¡ Hkh vkSj mPpkj.k dh dHkh Hkh HkjisV vkgkj ugha feyrkA
lqfo/kk ds dkj.k Hkh bl ^HkPNu* in esa ^HkPN* fdUrq vkt fo/kkrk us ¼iwokZftZr deksZ ds Qy ls½
vkSj û* 'kCn dh laf/k gks xbZ gSA vr,o mi ,d gh ckj esa ¼cgqr lk Hkkstu½ ns fn;k A
'kh"kZd esa fn;s vuqlkj ;fn û* dks vyx djds dcgq¡ u fey Hkfj mnj vgkjk & û fey* dk
vFkZ djsaxs rks nksuksa jkek;.kksa ds Hkko lgh cSB vFkZ gS feyrk gh ugha] v)kZyh dk rkRi;Z gS
tk;sxaAs fd dHkh Hkh r`fIr gksrh gh ugha A oLrqr% ^fey*
fnu cgq pys vgkj fcuq ejÅ¡ & ;gk¡ ^^fnu in v/kwjk 'kCn gSA ;fn Hkwrdky dk lwpd gksrk
cgq pys vgkj** esa ^pys* in dk vfHkizk;% dk;Z rks ^feyk* 'kCn gksuk pkfg;s Fkk vkSj orZeku ds
pyus ls] fuokZg gksus ls gS] tSls fd ^^Lokeh fy;s gS rks ^feyr* 'kCn mi;qDr gksrk
¼^^feyr ,d nq[k nk#u nsgh**1@4@4½ bl ds eu Hk;kØkUr gks mBs] D;ksa\ ;gk¡ ekuo
v/kwjs ^fey* in dks iz;qDr djds xksLokehth us euksfoKku n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd grk'kk ds {k.kksa esa
okYehfd jkek;.k ds ,d lqanj ls 'yksd dh fdafpr~ lk Hkh Hk; mifLFkr gks tk; rks vPNs
vksj /;kukdf"kZr fd;k gSA ogk¡ lEikfrth us vPNksa dh fLFkfr dSlh n;uh; gks tkrh gSA
dgk gS fd ftl izdkj /;ku nsxas rks ;gk¡ fØ;k ^Mjis* ds lkFk laKk
xU/koksZa esa dke Hkko rhoz gksrk gS] liksZa esa Øks/k ugh gSA dkSu Mjs dk tokc iwjh iafDr esa ugha
rst gksrk gS vkSj e`xksa esa Hk; vf/kd gksrk gS] feysxkA oLrqr% ;gk¡ xh/k in 'ys"kkyadkj ;k
mlh izdkj gekjh tkfr esa ¼xh/kksa esa½ Hkw[k cM+h fo'ks"k.k ds :i esa iz;qDr gqvk gSA cksypky esa
rhoz ;kus dHkh Hkh rÌr ugha gksus okyh gksrh gS& yksHkh ;k nqtZu O;fDr dks ^fx)* dgk tkrk gSA
^^rh{.k dkekLrq xU/kokZLrh{.k dksik yksdks fDr esa ^xh/k n`f"V* rst n`f"V ds fy, u
Hkqtaxek%A dgdj vius LokFkZ ds fy;s nwljs dk eakl rd
e`xk.kka rq Hk;a rh{.ka rrLrh{.k {kq/kk uksp ysus okyh yksyqi o`fÙk ds fy, dgk tkrk gS
o;e~**4@59@9 ^êk x`/k% dL; fLo)ue~** bZ’k01A ;gk¡ ^xh/k*
vktq nhUg fcf/k ,dfga ckjk & blds iwoZ in izk;ksios'ku ij cSBs gq;s foo'k okujksa dks Hkh
lEikfrth us ^vgkj nhUg txnhlk* dg dj [kk tkus dh mrkoyh gsrq] ftruk lEikfrth ij
vius b”V ds izfr d`rKrk izdV dh FkhA ;gk¡ lVhd gS] mruk gh ejus dk ladYi ysdj Hkh
iqu% ^^vgkjk vktq nhUg ^fcf/k** dg dj iq.;ksa ejus ls Mjus okys] 'kjhj ds yksHkh vkSj Mjiksd
dk Qy iznku djus okys HkkX; fo/kkrk dk okujksa ds fy;s Hkh gS A ,d rjg ls ^Mjis xh/k*
/kU;okn Kkiu fd;k gSA lkFk gh xnxn gksdj in ds }kjk ej.k /kekZ tho dh vfUre le;
^,dfga ckjk* dgus esa mudk rkRi;Z Lo;a dh rd cuh jgus okyh ftthfo”kk ;k yksHk o`fÙk dh
ik=rk ls vf/kd miyC/k djkus dk gS] blesa vksj bafxr fd;k gSA
Li”V larqf"V dk Hkko gh ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA vc Hkk eju lR; ge tkuk & vHkh rd rks
Hkfä iaFk ds mins'k esa jketh us Lo;a dgk gS& vaxnth gh îqfu iqfu* dg jgs Fks ^êju Hk;m*
^^ljy lqHkko u eu dqfVykbZ] tFkk ykHk dNq lal; ukgha**A ml le; rks ;g lksp dj
^larks"k* lnkbZ**7@45@2A fd pkpk&Hkrhts ds vkilh fookn ds dkj.k gh
Mjis xh/k cpu lqfu dkuk A vc Hkk eju vaxnth vius i{k esa okrkoj.k cuk jgs gSa]
fdlh us dksbZ fVIi.kh ugha dh ^^cksfy u ldfg
lR; ge tkuk AA u;u cg uhjk**A vkSj rc rd rks fdlh dks
xh/k ¼lEikfrth½ ds opu dkuksa ls lqu
Hkh vaxnth ds dgs êju Hk;m* ij fo'okl gh
dj gh okuj chjk Mj x;s A ¼dgus yxs fd½ ugha gqvk FkkA ;fn fdlh ds eu esa ;fRdafpr~
vc rks ejuk okLro esa gh ¼lR;½ gks x;k gS] vk'kadk mith Hkh rks og tkeoarth ds mins'k
;g gesa tku iM+rk gSA fo'ks"kh ^^rkr jke dgq¡ uj tfu ekugq** ds
Mjis xh/k cpu lqfu dkuk & lEikfrth vHkh dkj.k mM+u Nw gks xbZ Fkh A
igkM+h ij gh gSa blfy;s fn[kykbZ ugha iM+ jgs oLrqr% okuj ohj izk;ksios'ku ij Hkys
gSaA ek= mudh ok.kh gh lqukbZ nh vr% ^^lqfu gh cSB x;s gksa fdUrq os rks Lo;aizHkkth ds leku
dkuk** dgk x;k gSA bl nf{k.k fn'kk dh vksj ;gk¡ Hkh îzHkq dìk* :ih peRdkj dh izrh{kk dj
fudys vfHk;ku ny esa lqxhz oth dh lsuk ds jgs FksA fdUrq vk'kk ds foijhr tc xh/k ds
,d ls ,d c<+dj ijkØeh&lqHkV ;ks)k Hksts v'kqHk opu dkuksa esa lqukbZ iM+s rks mUgsa Lo;a
x;s gSa ^^ldy ^lqHkV* fefy nfPNu tkgw**A dh e`R;q ^/kzqo lR;* lh izrhr gqbZA bl êju
vkSj ;s lHkh bl rF; ls ifjfpr gSa fd xh/k lR;* ds }kjk lwfpr fd;k fd e`R;q gh ,dek=
ejs gq, izk.kh dk gh ekal [kkrk gS ^^xh/k v/ke ^/kzqo lR;* gS vkSj vU; lHkh ckrsa vfuf'pr
[kx vkfe"k Hkksxh**A blds ckn Hkh bu lqHkVksa gSaA ekuo blh dh vksj ls vlko/kku jgdj
Lo;a dks dYidYikUr rd vtj vej ekurk gS tkeoar eu lksp fcls"kh & tkeoarth czãkth ds
^^y?kq thou lacrq iap nlk] dYikar u ukl va'kkorkj gSa A Lo;a czãkth us dgk gS fd esjh
xqeku vlk**6@102 Nan A bl êju lR;* dks taHkkbZ ds }kjk tkEcokuth izdV gq;s gSa&
xksLokehth us txg&txg mn~?kkfVr fd;k gS& ^îwoZ eso e;k l`"Vks tkEcoku`{k iqxoa %A
^^yksHkb vks<+u yksHkb Mklu flLuksnj ij tÈHkek.kL; lglk ee oD=kn
teiqj =klu**7@39@1A tk;r**AA1@17@7 ok- jk-
^^ge tkuk**& ^ge* cgq opu gS ¼/;ku jgs fd tkEcoarth ds dgs opuksa vkSj muds fn;s mins’k
;gk¡ ^lc* ‘kCn ugha gS] Li”V gS fd blesa ^lc* fo’ks”kh ls ;g Lo;a fl) gS fd bUgsa Hkwr Hkfo";
okuj Hkh 'kkfey ugha gSA guqekuth ds fy, rks dk iwjk Kku gSA Hkfo"; ds Kkrk gksus ds dkj.k
vkxs dgk Hkh x;k gS ^^dk pqi lkf/k jgsgq gh vHkh mUgksaus vius vorkjokn ds mins'k esa
cyokuk**½ vkSj xh/k ;gk¡ dsoy ,d gS] fQj Hkh Jhjketh dks ^^fuxqZu czã vftr vt tkugq**
;s okuj ohj Hk;kØkUr gSA blfy;s ^ge* in dgk FkkA mudk rkRi;Z Fkk fd ;g jkekorkj
O;aX;:i esa dgk x;k gSA lkFk gh e`R;q
Hkxoku fo".kq ;k uj ukjk;.k dk u gksdj
lqfuf'pr gSA dsoy ,d jkeuke ^lR;* gS] bls
ijkRijczã dk gSA
lHkh tkurs gSa fdUrq 'ke'kkfu;k oSjkX; ds leku
^^tkeoar eu lksp fcls"kh** bl v)kZyh dk
gh] e`R;q iFk ij ix c<+k dj Hkh] izk;ksios'ku
euu djus ij Li"V yxrk gS fd tkeoarth
ij cSB dj Hkh] ekurs ughaA vr% ^^lR; ge
dks Hkh lEikfrth ds bl izdkj izos'k dh
tkuk** ;g O;aX;kssfDr ds vFkZ esa dgk x;k gSA
tkudkjh ;k Hkfo"; x.kuk ugha Fkh A blfy;s os
dfi lc mBs xh/k dg¡ ns[kh A tkeoar eu bl vulksph ?kVuk dks ns[kdj lksp esa êu
lksp fcls"kh AA lksp fcls"kh* iM+ x;sA oLrqr% blh izdkj ls]
lc ckuj mB [kM+s gq;s fd ns[ksa xh/k buds tud czãkth Hkh Jhjketh ds fookg ij
dgk¡ gS vFkkZr~ ftl vksj ls vkokt vk jgh Fkh HkkSpDds jg x;s Fks ^^fcf/kfg Hk;m vkpjtq
ml vksj eq[k ?kqek dj [kM+s gks x;s A ^fcls"kh*] fut djuh dNq drgq¡ u
tkeoarth ds eu esa fo'ks"k lksp vk x;kA ns[kh**1@313@8A D;ksafd czãk fo".kq egs'k ;s
dfi lc mBs xh/k dg¡ ns[kh & leLr okujx.k f=xq.kh nso gSa vkSj ;g jkekorkj bu nsoksa ds
pw¡fd leqnz ds mRrj rV ij iwokZfHkeq[k gksdj Hkh jpus okys ijkRijczã dk fy;k gqvk gSA
cSBs gq;s gSa& blfy;s jketh dh ckjkr esa Hkxoku fc".kq Hkh
^^miLi`';ksnda losZ izk³~eq[kk% leqikfo'ku~%A y{ehth ds lax ekStwn Fks& ^^gfj fgr lfgr
nf{k.kkxzs"kq nHksZ"kq mndrhja jkeq tc tksgs] ^jek lesr jekifr* eksgs**A1
lekfJrk%**4@55@20 ok-jk-A 316@3A ogk¡ ij czãkth o lHkh nsoksa dks
vkSj lEikfrth] leqnz rhj ij fLFkr ioZr ds le>kus dk dk;Z Hkxoku f'ko us fd;k gS ^^,fg
nqxeZ LFkku ij cSBs gq;s gSa tSlkfd vkxs mUgksaus fcf/k laHkq lqjUg leq>kok**A ;gk¡ Hkh bl ladV
ml nqxe Z LFky ls uhps mrkjus gsrq vaxnth ls ls mckjus dk dk;Z Jhvaxnth us fd;k gS tks
vuqjks/k djrs le; dgk Hkh gS ^^bPNs;a fxfj fd vc rd Lo;a grksRlkfgr FksA vHkh NksM+s
nqxkZPp Hkon~fHkjorkfjrqe~** 4@56@21 ok-jk-A oLrqr% bls] ;g izlax vxyh pkSikb;ksa dk gSA ;gk¡
okujksa dks rks ihB dh rjQ ls vkrh gqbZ /ofu ^lksp fols"kh* ls lUns'k gS fd dHkh&dHkh prqj
gh lqukbZ nh gSA Lo; lEikfrth vHkh rd fdlh ls prqj O;fDr dk fd;k gqvk ;k lkspk gqvk
dks fn[kykbZ ugha iM+s gSaA vr% os lc mUgsa iwjk ugha gksrk gSA vkSj izHkq ftl {k.k] ftlls
ns[kus ds fy, xnZu ?kwek dj vius LFkku ls vkSj tSlk pkgrs gSa oSlk gh gksrk gS ^^tsfg tl
mB [kM+s gq;s fdUrq izk;ksios'ku dk ladYi fy;k j?kqifr djfga tc] lks rl rsfg Nu
gqvk gS vr% vius dq'kklu ls foyx ugha gq;sA gksb**1@124A
dg vaxn fcpkfj eu ekgha A /kU; tVk;w tVk;qth dh iz'kalk djds mudh lgkuqHkwfr
le dksm ukgha AA vftZr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] ftlesa os
Jhvaxnth us vfoyEc eu esa vk;s iw.kZr% lQy jgs A
fopkjksa ds vuqlkj dgk fd JhtVk;wth /kU; gSa] Jhxhrkth esa Hkxoku Jhd`".k us ,d
muds leku dksbZ Hkh ugha gS A lw= fn;k gS fd vkReks)kj vFkkZr~ Hkxor~izkfIr
dg vaxn fcpkfj eu ekgha & tc _{kjkt tsSls gsrq dY;k.kdkjh deZ djus okyk dksbZ Hkh euq";
lqtku gh lksp esa Mwc x;s ¼lksp fcls"kh½ rc nqxfZ r dks izkIr ugha gksrk gS& ^û fg dY;k.k
^mj izsjd j?kqcal foHkw"k.k* Jhjketh us vaxnth d`RdfÜpn~ nqxZfra rkr xPNfr**6@40A
ds ân; esa LQqj.kk dhA vr% ^^vaxn fcpkfj lhrk lqf/k ij fudys bu okuj :ih
eu ekgha** dgk x;kA bldk rkRi;Z ;g Hkh ugha lk/kdksa dk bl izdkj izk;ksios'ku ij cSB tkuk
gS fd os eu esa cgqr nsj rd fparu euu oLrqr% ,d izdkj ls v;fr ¼vla;fer½ deksZa
djus ds mijkUr cksys gSaA cqf) :ih ‘kkjnkth dk mnkgj.k gS A fdUrq bu lk/kdksa dks Hkxor~
ds izsjd Hkh jketh gSa ^^lkjn nk#ukfj le dìk :ih peRdkj dh vk'kk Fkh] blfy;s
Lokeh] jkeq lw=/kj varjtkeh**1@104@4 izk;ksios'ku ij cSB dj Hkh ;s jketh ds
vaxnth ân; esa LQqj.kk gksrs gh vfoyEc cksy xq.kkuqxku gh ¼ppkZ½ dj jgs Fks ¼ns[ksa ^,fg fcf/k
iM+sA vr% v)kZyh dk izkjEHk Hkh ^dg vaxn* dFkk dgfga cgq Hkk¡fr*½ blhfy;s Jhxhrkth esa
ls gqvk gSA vkxs vaxnth us ftl vrajre <ax fn;s x;s vk'oklu ds vuqlkj budh Hkh nqxfZ r
ls bl iwjs izlax dk o.kZu fd;k gS tSls fd ugha gqbZA cfYd Jhxhrkth esa Hkxoku Jhd`”.k us
^^gfj iqj x;sm ije cM+ Hkkxh**A ;g ,slh xw<+ dgk gS fd tks Hkä tSlh esjh ‘kj.k ysrs gSa]
ckr Hkh gsS fd ftls dsoy jketh gh tkurs gS dkeuk djrs gSa esa mUgsa mlhizdkj vkJ; nsrk gw¡
^^vfcjy Hkxfr ekfx cj xh/k x;m gfj ^^;s ;Fkk eka izi|Urs rkaLrFkSo HktkE;ge~**4@11
/kke**3@32 blls Li"V gS fd os izHkq dh izsj.kk vr,o okujksa dk dFku lekIr gksus ds iwoZ gh
ls gh cksy jgs gSaA izHkq dh vuqdEik ds :i esa lEikfrth i/kkj
/kU; tVk;w le dksm ukgha & vHkh vHkh x;sA vkSj ;g vaxnth dk le;kuqdy w laokn Hkh
tkeoarth us dgk Fkk ^^ge lc lsod vfr izHkq dìk dk gh izfrQy gSA
cM+Hkkxh** ls lcdks cM+Hkkxh dgk FkkA blds jkedkt dkju ruq R;kxh A gfj iqj x;sm
foijhr ^^nqgq¡ izdkj Hkb e`R;q gekjh** ls ije cM+HkkxhA
vaxnth dk Li"V ekuuk Fkk fd ge yksxksa us rks tVk;qth ds leku dksbZ /kU; ugha gS
vHkh rd Jhlhrkth dh lqf/k gh ugha izkIr dh D;ksafd mUgksaus Jhjkedk;Z ds fy;s izk.kksa dks
gS ^^bgk¡ u lqf/k lhrk dS ikbZ** vr% cM+Hkkxh mRlxZ dj fn;k blh ikou dk;Z ds QyLo#i
dgykus ds LFkku ij gesa rks e`R;q n.M feysxk** gh os
^^mgk¡ x,¡ ekfjfg dfijkbZ**4@25@4A blfy;s cSd.q B/kke ¼gfjiqj½ pys x;s oLrqr% os ije
vaxnth us ;gk¡ tkeoarth ds ml dFku dks cM+Hkkxh gSa A
la'kksf/kr djrs gq;s dgk fd ^^/kU; tVk;w le jke dkt dkju ruq R;kxh & ekul esa
dksm ukfga**A ^dksm ukfga* dg dj mUgksaus ^^jkedkt** in ml lRdk;Z ds fy;s iz;qDr gqvk
tVk;qth dks loksZPp LFkku fn;k gSA mUgsa leLr gS tks fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls vkSj yksdksidkj dh
lxq.kksikld lsodksa dh rqyuk ls vR;Ur ijs Hkkouk ls fd;k x;k gSA bldk lVhd mnkgj.k
¼vrqyuh;½ cryk;k gSA fu"kknjkt xqg ds izlax esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA
;gk¡ Jhvaxnth dh nwjnf'kZrk Hkh vkt dh LokFkZ ijd n`f"V ls ns[kk tk;s rks
ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA mUgksaus le{k mifLFkr xh/k fu"kknjktth ds fy;s lRrkP;qr vkSj cuoklh
tkfr ¼lEikfrth½ ds le{k mlh tkfr oxZ ds jketh ls Lusg lEcU/k j[kuk vYkkHkdkjh dk;Z
¼lkSnk½ FkkA mUgsa rks vius Hkfo"; dk [;ky tVk;qth dk midkj ekurs gq;s bls ^êe dkt**
j[krs gq;s] lRrk lEiUu JhHkjrth dh vxokuh gh dg nsrsA fdUrq ijkRijczã us bls îjfgr*
esa iyd ikaoMsa+ fcNkus pkfg;s FksA fdUrq blds dk;Z dh laKk nh gS vkSj tVk;qth dks vius gh
foijhr os rks dqVqfEc;ksa lfgr ejus&ekjus ij /kke ;kus ^loksZPp* LFkku cSd.q B Hkstk gS&
mrk# gks x;s& ^îjfgr* cl ftUg ds eu ekgha] frUg dgq¡ tx nqyZHk
^^gksgq l¡tksby jksdgq ?kkVk] BkVgq ldy ejS ds dNq ukghaA
BkBk**A ruq rft rkr tkgq ee /kkek] nsm¡ dkg rqEg iwju
^^lueq[k yksg Hkjr lu ysÅ¡] ftvr u dkek**3@30@30A
lqjlfj mrju nsÅ¡AA lej ejuq iqfu lqjlfj izHkq tVk;qth dks cgqr dqN nsuk pkgrs
rhjk] ^jke dktq* NuHkaxq ljhjk**A2@189@3 Fks ijUrq os iw.kZdke gSA vr% izHkq us mUgsa viuk
xqgth ds fy;s rks jktk pkgsa jketh cusa gh pkjHkqtk okyk Lo:i] vius gh vk;q/k 'ka[k]
;k Hkjrth jgsa nksuksa leku gh gSaA muds fy, pØ] xnk] in~e] foHkw"k.k] viuk gh ihrkEcj
rks eUFkjk okyh felky gS ^^dksm uì gksm gefg vkfn iznku dj oSd.q B/kke Hkstk& ^^xh/k nsg rft
dk gkuh] psfj NkfM+ vc gksc dh /kfj gfj :ik] Hkw"ku cgq iV ihr vuwik**A
jkuh**2@15@6 fdUrq xqgth dh lksp gS fd ^^L;ke xkr fclky Hkqt pkjh] vLrqfr djr u;u Hkfj ckjh**A
Hkjrth vU;k; ls Jhjkey{e.kth dks ou esa gh jketh vius firk n'kjFkth ds fdz;k deZ rks
ekj dj vdaVd jkt djus dh lksp jgs gSa dj ugha ik;s FksA ijUrq tVk;qth ds leLr
^^tkufga lkuqt jkefg ekjh] djm¡ vdaVd jktq fdz;kdeZ Lo;a ds gkFkksa ls ,oa og Hkh firk rqY;
lq[kkjh**A vkSj xqgth dks ;g vU;k; dnkfi Hkkouk ls gh fd;s gSa&
lgu ugha gSA blesa ;g {k.k Hkaxjq 'kjhj tkrk ^^firq&T;ksa xh/k& fdz;k dfj j?kqifr vius /kke
gS rks Hkys gh tk;A D;ksafd 'kkL=ksa esa ckjckj iBk;ksA
dgk x;k gS fd ;fn 'kjhj yksdfgr esa pyk ,slks izHkq fclkfj rqylh lB! rw pkgr lq[k
tk;s rks mldh dhfrZ v{kq..k gks tkrh gS ik;ks**3@19@4xh0
^îjfgr ykfx rtbZ tks nsgh] larr lar izlalfg Jhjketh ds 'kCnksa ls ftls îjfgr*
rsgh**1@83@2A xqgth dk uke vkt Hkh vej dgk x;k gS xksLokehth dh utjksa esa ogh
gSA tVk;qth ds izk.kkUr Hkh ijfgr esa gh x;sA ^jkedkt* gSA ;s nksuksa 'kCn ,d nwljs ds
Jhlhrkth ls mudk dksbZ okLrfod lEcU/k ugha i;kZ;okph gSa A Jhjketh us ijfgr dks lalkj
Fkk fdUrq mUgksaus mudh j{kk esa izka.k xoka fn;sA dk loksZPp /keZ ekuk gS ^îjfgr lfjl /keZ
vr% ekul dh Hkk"kk esa ^^jkedkt dkju ruq ufga HkkbZ] ij ihM+k le ufga
R;kxh** dgk x;kA v/kekbZ**A7@40@1 vkSj blh loksZifj /keZ
gfj iqj x;sm ije cM+ Hkkxh &lHkh jkek;.kksa esa ikyu ds dkj.k gh vaxnth us tVk;qth dks
tVk;qth ds izk.kksRlxZ dh xkFkk ,d vfoLej.kh; ekul ds loksZPp ekud îje cM+Hkkxh* ls
izlax ds :i esa ntZ gS A JhxksLokehth us foHkwf"kr fd;k gSA
xhrkoyh jkek;.k esa Hkh bldk foLrkj ls o.kZu lqfu [kx gj"k lksd tqr ckuh A vkok
djrs gq, fy[kk gS & fudV dfiUg Hk; ekuh AA
^^jkedkt [kxjkt vktq yj~;ks] ft;r u tkufd vaxnth dh g"kZ vkSj 'kksd;qDr ok.kh dks
R;kxh A lqudj xxupkjh lEikfrth vkSj fudV vk x;s
rqyflnkl lqj&fl) ljkgr] /kU; fcg¡x blls okujksa dks Hk; vuqHko gqvk A
^cM+Hkkxh**3@8 xhrkoyhAA lqfu [kx gj"k lksd tqr ckuh& ^g"kZ 'kksd
lHkh txg bls jkedkt dgk x;k gS rks ;qDr* dgus dk vfHkizk; gsS fd lEikfrth dks
jketh dks Hkh pkfg;s Fkk fd os bls vius Åij igys rks vius vuqt tVk;qth dk dhfrZ ;qDr
lekpkj lquus dks feyk ¼/kU; tVk;w le dksm Hk; êkuh** dgk x;kA êkuh* ;kus eu us eku
ukgha½ ftldk mUgsa g"kZ gqvk vkSj blds lkFk gh fy;k ^^cgq Ny cy lqxhz o dfj fg;¡ gkjk Hk;
mudh e`R;q dk nq%[kn lekpkj Hkh fey x;k ekfu** bUgsa Hkh okLro esa Hk; yxus yxkA
¼jkedkt dkju ruq R;kxh½ blfy;s ^^gj"k lksd frUgfg vHk; dfj iwNsfl tkbZ A dFkk
tqr ckuh** dgk x;kA pw¡fd jkedkt ds dkj.k ldy frUg rkfg lqukbZ AA
ru R;kxk gS] mls cSd.q B yksd dh izkfIr Hkh gks okujkfn dks vHk;nku nsdj ,oa muds
xbZ ,oa og ije cM+Hkkxh Hkh dgyk;kA ;g lc vkSj lehi tkdj ¼tVk;wth dk½ o`rkUr iwNkA
ckrsa 'kksd ls T;knk g"kZ mitkus okyh gSaA mUgksaus ¼vaxnth us½ mls mldh leLr dFkk
‘kjhj/kkjh ds fy;s lalkj esa blls cM+h dksbZ lquk;h A
miyfC/k ugha gks ldrh ^^lcrs lks nqyZHk frUgfg vHk; dfj iwNsfl tkbZ & lEikfrth us
lqjjk;k] jke Hkxfr jr xr en blds iwoZ tks xtZuk dh Fkh ^^vktq lcfg dg¡
ek;k**7@53@7A vr% izFke ^gj"k* in iz;qDr HkPNu djÅ¡** og danjk ls dh Fkh vHkh Hkh os
gqvk gSA igkM+ ij gh gSa] ogha ls vk'oLr fd;k fd rqe
^^ckuh** in nwj ls vkrh gqbZ vkokt ds fy;s yksx Mjks ugha] eSa rqEgsa [kkus ds fy;s ugha cfYd
gh iz;qDr gqvk gS tSls fd ^^HkS vdkl ^ckuh* vius HkkbZ tVk;q dk lekpkj tkuus ds fy;s
rsfg dkyk**] ekxq ekxq c# HkS ûHkckuh*] fudV vk jgk gw¡A lEikfrth us igys vHk;nku
xh/kjkt lqfu vkjr ^ckuh**A ;g ^ckuh* in fn;k gS vkSj rc ljdrs gq;s muds vkSj lehi
djrk gS fd vHkh lEikfrth vkSj okujkfn ds vk;s gSaA vr% îwNsfl tkbZ* in ckn esa dgk
e/; cgqr nwjh gS x;kA
vkok fudV dfiUg Hk; ekuh & lEikfrth dks dFkk ldy frUg rkfg lqukbZ & blds iwoZ gh
;gk¡ ^[kx* dgk x;k gS vkSj ^[kx* in vR;Ur fuosnu fd;k Fkk fd ekul esa ^^dFkk** in dk
fo'kkydk; if{k;ksa tSls x#M+th vkfn ds fy;s rkRi;Z gh gS gfj ok Jhjketh ls lEcfU/kr
gh iz;qDr gqvk gS ^^rc [kxifr fcjafp ifga izlaxksa dk dFkuksidFku djukA okYehfd ,oa
x;Å**7@59@1A ;w¡ lw;Z dks Hkh ^[kxk; ue%* v/;kRe bu nksuksa gh jkek;.kksa esas ;gk¡ Hkh
dg dj gh ueLdkj fd;k tkrk gSA oLrqr% vaxnth us Jhjketh ds tUe ls vc rd dh
lEikfrth Hkh ioZrkdkj gaS ^^fuxZR; leLr ^dFkk* lqukbZ gSA blds iwoZ Hkh ;s yksx
'kudSjkxknx`/k% îoZr* lfUuHk%**4@7@29@vk- izk;ksios'ku ij cSBs gq;s vkil esa jkedFkk gh
jk-A vkSj buds HkkbZ tVk;wth Hkh jko.k dks dg jgs FksA ijUrq ml le; i{khjkt tVk;qth
eSukd ioZr ds leku gh fo’kky yxs Fks ^^dh dk pfj= la{ksi esa dgk x;k Fkk vkSj vc
eSukd fd [kxifr gksbZ**3@28@13 pw¡fd buds vaxnth us lfoLrkj ls jko.k ds gkFkksa tVk;wth
ia[k ¼MSus] ij½ tys gq;s gSa] mM+ ugha ldrs os ds ekjs tkus o fQj Lo;a Jhjketh ds gkFkksa ls
'kuS% 'kuS% f?klV f?klV dj vk jgs gSaA viuh mudk nkg laLdkj fd;s tkus] rRi'pkr~ mUgsa
vR;Ur fo'kky dk;k ds dkj.k ,oa /khjs /khjs lk;qT;&eks{k iznku djus rd dh dFkk dgh&
vkus ds dkj.k gh ^vkok fudV* dgk x;kA ^^tVk;qZuke i{khUnzks ;q)a d`Rok lqnk#.ke~A
vHkh rd rks ;s lc okujkfn v'kqHk jko.ksu grks ohjks jk?kokFk± egkcy%A
Hkjh vkokt ^^vktq lcfga dg¡ HkPNu djÅ¡** jkes.k nX/kks jkeL;
ls gh l'kafdr FksA fdUrq tc mudh n`f"V iFk lk;qT;exeR{k.kkr~**A4@7@40&41v-jk-
esa ,d v/ktyk fo'kkydk; ¼ioZrkdkj½ tUrq ^^dFkk ldy frUg rkfg lqukbZ** esa bu lc
vk;k rks mUgsa og ¼lEikfrth½ lk{kkr~ lw;Z iq= izlaxksa dk lekos'k gqvk gSA
;ejkt gh fn[kkbZ iM+k ^^lk{kkn~ oSoLorks
;e%**4@56@7 ok0jk0A vr% ;gk¡ ^^dfiUg
lqfu laikfr ca/kq dS djuh A j?kqifr efgek
cgqfcf/k cjuh AA
lEikfrth us HkkbZ tVk;q ds iq#"kkFkZ deZ vFkkZr~ ,s'o;Z ;qDr] dkafr ;qDr vkSj 'kfDRk ;qDr
¼djuh½ dks lquk] ca/kq ds fØ;kdeZ ¼djuh½ oLrq gS mldks rw esjs rst ds va'k dh gh
Jhj?kqifrth us fd;s] bls lqudj lEikfrth us vfHkO;fDr tku**&
j?kqukFkth dh efgek ¼egkurk½ dk cgqr izdkj ^^;|f}HkwfreRlÙoa JhenwftZreso ok A
ls o.kZu fd;k A rÙk nsokoxPN Roa ee
lqfu laikfr ca/kq dS djuh & ^djuh* in dk rstksa·'klEHkoe~**AA10@41
iz;ksx ekul esa nks vFkksZa esa gqvk gS A ,d rks bl ckr dks lksnkgj.k le>uk gks rks
vfoLej.kh; iq#"kkFkZ deksZa ds fy;s tSls& lsrq ca/k fuekZ.k ds le; tks opu Hkxoku f'ko
^^tw>s ldy lqHkV dfj ^djuh*] ca/kq lesr ijsm us dgs gSa mUgs ns[kuk gksxkA mUgksaus bl vizfre
uì /kjuhA1@174@6 eqfu eu vxe xkf/klqr ^djuh* dk Jss; uk rks fla/kq ds }kjk fn;s x;s
^djuh*] eqfnr cfl"V fciqy fcf/k cjuh** 1@358@6 lg;ksx dks] uk gh iRFkjksa ds }kjk rSj tkus dks
nwts esa] vfUre fdz;k deZ ds vFkZ esa tSls ^^firq vkSj uk gh okujksa ds }kjk fd;s x;s vFkd
fgr Hkjr dhfUg tfl djuh] lks eq[k yk[k ifjJe dks fn;k gS cfYd ^j?kqifr efgek* okys
tkfg ufg cjuh**2@170@1 ;gk¡ bl pkSikbZ esa rF; dks gh Lohdkj fd;k gS&
^djuh* in nksuksa gh vFkksZa esa iz;qDr gqvk gSA ^^ck¡/kk lsrq uhy uy ukxj] jke dìk¡ tlq
vkSj ^djuh* in 'ys"kkFkhZ Hkh gSA jko.k tSls Hk;m mtkxj**A
fo'ofo[;kr ;ks)k ls yM+ iM+uk] mls jFk ghu êfgek* ;g u tyf/k dbZ cjuh] ikgu xqu u dfiUg
djds ewfNZr dj nsuk ;g tVk;qth dk vn~Hkqr db ^djuh*A
ijkØe gqvk& Jh j?kqchj izrki rs fla/kq rjs
^^/kfj dp fcjFk dhUg efg fxjk] lhrfg jkf[k xh/k iqfu ik"kkuA
fQjkA pkspUg ekfj fcnkjsfl nsgh] naM ,d Hkb eq#Nk rs efrean ts jke rft Hktfg tkb
rsgh**A 3@28@20 izHkq vkuAA6@3
blfy;s xksLokehth us ogk¡ bls ^vn~Hkqr izHkq efgek ds fy, rks Hkxoku f'ko dk
djuh* ds uke ls gh Lej.k fd;k gS ^^dkVsfl Li"V dguk gS fd tks fcuk iSj ds pyrk gS]
ia[k ijk [kx /kjuh] lqfefj jke dfj vn~Hkqr fcuk dku ds lqurk gS] fcuk gkFk ds fofo/k
djuh**3@28@22A ;g ^djuh* in 'ys"kkFkhZ dk;Z djrk gS] fcuk ftg~ok ds Ngksa jlksa dk
gksus ds lkFk gh lkFk nsgjh ij Hkh fcjkteku vkuUn ys ysrk gS] fcuk ok.kh ds gh ;ksX; oDrk
gSA nsgjh&nhid U;k; ds vuqlkj mldk ,d gS] vkSj rks vkSj fcuk Li'kZ fd;s gh l`tu
vFkZ ^^ca/kq dS djuh j?kqifr ¼dhUgh½** Hkh gS djrk gS] fcuk vk¡[kksa ds ns[krk gS] fcuk ukd
vkSj oLrqr% mlds fØ;kdeZ jketh us gh fd;s ds xa/k xzg.k djrk gSA Hkyk ,slh vykSfdd
gSa& ^djuh* okys dh efgek dk o.kZu dksbZ dj
^^vfcjy Hkxfr ekafx cj xh/k x;m ldrk gS \
gfj/kkeA ^^fcu in pyb lqub fcuq dkuk] dj fcuq dje djb
rsfg dh ^fØ;k* tFkksfpr fut dj dhUg fcf/k ukukA
jkeAA3@32 vkuu jfgr ldy jl Hkksxh] fcuq ckuh cdrk cM+
j?kqifr efgek cgqfcf/k cjuh & êfgek* in ls tksxhA
ekul es tgk¡ dgha Hkh dksbZ mYys[k feysxk rks ru fcuq ijl u;u fcuq ns[kk] xzgb ?kzku fcuq ckl
euu djus ij mlesa dsoy izHkq dh efgek gh vls"kkA
fn[kykbZ iM+sxh A blh rF; dks Hkxoku Jhd`".k vfl lc Hkk¡fr ^vykSfdd djuh*] efgek tklq tkb
us Jhxhrkth esa foHkwfr;ksx dk o.kZu djrs gq;s ufga cjuh*1@117A Jhj?kqifr efgek dgus esa
vtZqu ls Li"V dgk gS fd ^^tks Hkh foHkwfr ;qDr JhlEikfrth dk vfHkizk; ;gh gS fd jko.k tSls
izp.M izrkih ohj ¼jkou uke chj cfjcaMk½ dks gS rc Hkh frykatfy 'kCn dk iz;ksx ns[k dj
fojFkh vkSj ewfNZr dj nsus tSlh vn~Hkqr djuh rkTtqc lk gksrk gSA oLrqr% e`rd ds izfr
esa tVk;qth rks fufeÙk ek= cus gSA okLro esa Hkkouk gh eq[; gSA nso&firj] lk/kq&larkfn
rks ^^rù rs dqfyl dqfyl rù djbZ** okyh Hkkouk ds gh Hkw[ks gSa] ekul esa Li”V dgk gS
efgek rks dsoy j?kqifrth dh gh gSA ^^lqj lk/kq pkgr Hkkm fla/kq fd rks"k ty vatfy
^^cgqfcf/k cjuh**& vfHkizk; gS fd lEikfrth us fn,**1@325@1 NanA fry HkksT; lkexzh esa
Hkh j?kqifr ds ;kus pjkpj ifr ds yhyk pfj= egÙoiw.kZ LFkku j[krs gq;s Hkh lw{ekfrlw{e gS]
dk cgqr izdkj ls o.kZu fd;kA fofHkUu firj Hkko ds Hkw[ks gSa bu vYi inkFkksaZ ls gh
jkek;.kksa esa blds vyx vyx Hkko fn;s gSaA lUrq"V gks tkrs gSaA vr% buls dke pyk;k
okYehfd jkek;.k esa ;gk¡ lEikfrth us tkrk gSA vU;Fkk Hkjrth us ^^fcf/kor Ugkb
okeukorkj] ve`r eaFku ,oa nsoklqj laxkz e dks frykatqfy nhUgh** ds ckn foizksa dks vusdkusd
Lo;a dk ns[kk vkSj tkuk gqvk dgk gS& nku fn;s& ^^fl?kkalu Hkw"ku clu vUu /kjfu
^^tkukfe ok:.kkWaYyksdku~ fo".kksL=S fodzekufiA /ku /kkeA
nsoklqj foenksZÜp áe`rL; fn, Hkjr yfg Hkwfelqj Hks ifjiwju
foeUFkue~**AA¼ns[ksa4@58@13ok-jk-½ dke**AA 1@170
nksgk&eksfg yS tkgq fla/kq rV nsm¡ frykatfy cpu lgk; djfc eSa & okujx.k izk;ksios'ku
rkfg A ij cSBs gq;s gSaA mudk ladYi gS ^^lhrk dS lqf/k
yhUgsa fcuk] ufg tSgsa tqcjkt izchuk** vkSj vc
cpu lgk; djfc eSa iSggq [kkstgq
lEikfrth ds vkg~oku ij ,oa lkekftd lnkpkj
tkfg AA27AA ds ukrs Hkh mUgsa fla/kq rV ys tkuk vko';d gks
lEikfrth us okujksa ls vuqjks/k iwoZd x;kA fdUrq izk;ksios'ku dk ladYi vkM+s vk jgk
dgk fd eq>s mBk dj gSA vr% okujx.kksa dh bl vleatlrk dks ns[k
fla/kq rV ¼ty ds lehi½ ys tkvks rkfd eSa mls dj gh lEikfrth dks opu nsuk iM+k fd eSa
¼tVk;q dks½ frykatfy ns nw¡A opu nsrk gWwa fd eSa vkids dk;Z esa vkidh lgk;rk d:¡xkA
Hkh vkidh cpuksa ls lgk;rk d:¡xk ftlls lEikfrth ls Bksl vk'oklu ^îSggq [kkstgq
vki mUgsa vo'; ik tkvksx]s ftUgsa [kkst jgs tkfg** dk ikdj gh okujx.k vius LFkku ls
gSaA mBs gSaA ^ôpu lgk; djfc eSa** esa ;g Hkh
eksfg yS tkgq fla/kq rV& vHkh dgk gh Fkk fd ladr s gS fd eSa ek= opuksa ds }kjk gh lgk;rk
lEikfrth fla/kq rhj ds ^Hkw/kj* ij gSaA muds d:¡xkA okYehfd jkek;.k esa lEikfrth us viuk
iaa[k tys gq;s gSa] blfy;s os mM+us esa ;k Bhd i{k j[krs gq;s Li"V fd;k fd eSa tys i{kksa dk
izdkj ls pyus es Hkh vleFkZ gSaA vr,o mUgsa x`/kz gw¡ vkSj cyghu Hkh] vr,o dsoy cpuksa
okujksa ls vuqjks/k djuk iM+k fd eq>s mBkdj }kjk gh Jhjketh dh lgk;rk dj ldrk gw¡&
ty ds lehi ys tkvksA ^^funZX/ki{kks] x`/kzks·ga xroh;Z% Iyoaxek%A
nsm¡ frykatfy rkfg & ekul esa tUe ls ysdj ok³~ek=s.kkfi jkeL; dfj";s
e`R;q i;ZUr rd ds "kksMl laLdkjksa dk fnXn'kZu lkáeqÙkee~**AA4@58@12
djk;k x;k gSA lukru /keZ dh ijEijkuqlkj iSggq [kkstgq tkfg & lk/kdksa ds fy;s ;gk¡
fiz;&ifjtu dh e`R;q dk lekpkj ftl fnu o fn'kkfunsZ'k gS fd [kkstus okys dks vo';
ftl le; lquus dks feys rHkh ls lwrd deZ miyfC/k gksrh gSA lEikfrth ;gk¡ xq# Lo:i gSa
yxrk gS vkSj ml ifjokjhtu dks mlh le; vkSj mUgksaus igys gh ladr s dj fn;k fd esjs
b"V fe=ksa o lxs lEcfU/k;ksa ds lax ty rV ij opukuqlkj [kkstsxsa rks îSggq* miyfC/k lqfuf'pr
tkdj Luku djds ty ls riZ.k djus dk gSA dgkor Hkh gS ^^ftu [kkstk fru ikb;ka xgjs
fo/kku gSA ;gk¡ fla/kq rV ij fry miyC/k ugha
ikuh iSB** iz;kl vkSj xaHkhjrk ls djks] dk;Z nhUgha**2@169@5A tVk;wth ds fy;s Hkh ;gh
vo’; cusxkA fooj.k gesa vU; jkek;.kksa esa feyrk gS&
vuqt fØ;k dfj lkxj rhjk A dfg fut ^^lks·fi rRlfyys LukRok
dFkk lqugq dfi chjk AA HkzkrqnZÙoktykatfye~**A4@7@50vk-jk-
vius vuqt tVk;qth dk riZ.k Jk)kfn ^îznkL;kH;qnda Hkzkrq% LoxZrL;
fØ;k;sa lkxj rhj ij lEiUu djds lEikfr us egkReu%**A4@58@35ok-jk-
viuh dFkk dgus dk miØe djrs gq;s gkad lHkh xzUFkdkjksa ds }kjk bl izdkj Li"V ladr s
yxkbZ gs ohj okuj Hkkb;ksa ! lqfu;s & djus ds ckn Hkh ;fn ge yksx vaxn&lqxhz okfn
vuqt fØ;k dfj lkxj rhjk & vHkh&vHkh dks cUnjksa dh Js.kh esa vkSj tVk;q&lEikfrth dks
lEikfrth us ty ds lehi ys pyus dk v/ke xh/kkfn dh Js.kh esa j[krs jgsa] rks Hkkjrh;
vuqjks/k fd;k Fkk ^êksfg yS tkgq fla/kq rV** laLd`fr ds izfr ;g gekjh fu'p; gh Hk;adj
fdUrq vc ;gk¡ ^^fØ;k dfj lkxj rhjk** dgk Hkwy gksxhA oLrqr% okuj vkSj i{kh dgykus okys
tk jgk gSA pwd dh ¼xYrh dh½ lh izrhfr gksrh ;s lc yksx v/;kRe ekxhZ gSaA ;gk¡ okuj ekuo
gS ijUrq gS ughaA oLrqr% xksLokehth de 'kCnksa eu dh papyrk dk izrhd gS& ^^lk[kke`x dS
esa cfM+ euqlkbZ] lk[kk rsa lk[kk ij
vf/kd Hkko Hkjus esa ije fuiq.k gSaA ;gk¡ nksuksa tkbZ**5@32@7A ogha i{kh dgykus okys tVk;q]
dFkuksa dh fHkUurk }kjk n'kkZ fn;k fd lEikfrth lEikfrth] dkd Hkq'kqf.Mth vkfn vius Loi{k
us fla/kq rV ¼tyLFkku esa½ tkdj Luku djds ¼Hkfä ekxZ&lEiznk;½ ds izfr i{k /kj ;kus ^gBh*
frykatfy nh ,oa mlds ckn vU; e`rd deZ ds :i esa izLrqr fd;s x;s gSa A bls
¼fi.Mnku vkfn½ ^lkxj rhjk* ;kus lw[kh jsrh dkdHkq'kqf.Mth vkSj ykse'k _f"k ds laoknksa ds
ij cSB dj fd;s gSaA izlax esa cgqr vPNh rjg ls le>k;k x;k gS
blh fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa] ckyh dh ^^lB LoiPN ro ân;¡ fclkyk] lifn gksfg
'kkL=ksDr fof/k fo/kku ls vUR;sf"V fØ;k djkus îPNh* paMkyk**7@111@15A
dk o.kZu gqvk gS ^^rc lqxzhofg vk;lq nhUgk] dfg fut dFkk lqugq dfi chjk & blds iwoZ
e`rd deZ fcf/kor lc dhUgk**4@10@8A ;gk¡ dgk Fkk fd ekul esa ^dFkk* in dk ,d ek=
Hkh lEikfrth ls igys frykatfy fnykdj rc rkRi;Z Hkkxor dFkk o jketh dh dFkk ls gh
lwrd deZ djok;s x;s gSaA rkRi;Z gS fd ;gk¡ Hkh gksrk gS ^^rc guqear dgh lc ^jke dFkk* fut
mlh osnksDr fof/k fo/kku ls gh e`rd deZ uke**A fdUrq ;gk¡ lEikfrth }kjk ^fut dFkk*
lEiUu gq;s gSa tSls fd e;kZnk iq#"kksRre in iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ^fut dFkk* ls mudk
Jhjketh us fp=dwV esa vius firk n'kjFkth ds vfHkizk; muds }kjk lk/kh xbZ mikluk i)fr
e`R;q lekpkj feyus ds ckn fd;s Fks ^^dfj firq ls gS] ftldk fooj.k vkxs mUgksaus Lo;a fn;k
fØ;k csn tfl cjuh] Hks iquhr ikrd re gSA ^^lqugq dfi chjk** ,dkxzfpÙk gksdj lquus
rjuh**2@244@1 ogk¡ Hkh Jhjketh us lekt ds fy;s ^lqugq* in vusd txg iz;qDr gqvk gS
ds lkFk tkdj igys eUnkfduh esa Luku fd;k ^^lqugq rkr efr eu fpr ykbZ**3@14@1A
Fkk ^^lfgr lekt lqlfjr ugk,** 2@247@7 fdUrq ;gk¡ ;g gk¡d ¼tksj ls vkokt½ ds vFkZ esa
vkSj ;gk¡ ;gh fØ;k;sa frykatfy ds uke ls iz;qDr gqvk gSA vHkh Hkh fla/kq rV ij tks okuj
lEikfrth us Hkh okujksa ds lax fla/kq rV tkdj izk;ksios'ku dh n'kk esa cSBs gq;s gSa] mUgsa gh
dh gSA vkSj Hkjrth us Hkh fir` deZ esa ;gh vius lehi cqykus ds fy;s ^lqugq* gk¡d yxkbZ
lc dqN fd;k Fkk ^^,fg fcf/k nkg fØ;k lc xbZ gSA ^chjk* in dk iz;ksx u rks okujksa dk
dhUgha] fcf/kor UgkbZ frykatqfy migkl mM+kus gsrq vkSj uk gh mudk mRlkg
lao/kZu gsrq fd;k x;k gS vfirq ,d gh iaFk ds
ifFkd vFkkZr~ v/;kRe ;k Hkfä ekxZ ds jkgh] ^^rega Hkzkrja n`"V~ok lw;Z jf'efHkjfnZre~A
gksus ds ukrs] HkkbZ ;k xq# HkkbZ ds vFkZ esa i{kkH;ka Nkn;kekl Lusgkr~
iz;qDr gqvk gSA blfy;s ;gk¡ ôkuj ohjk* u ijefoàye~**AA4@58@6ok- jk-
dg dj ^dfi* ¼Hkxon~ jl ds jfld½ ds lax jkeHkjrth ds Hkkr` Lusg dks le>us o le>kus
^chjk* in ls lEcksf/kr fd;k gSA esa rkss lHkh xzUFkdkjksa dks
ge }kS cU/kq izFke r#ukbZ A xxu x;s jfc v;ks/;kdk.M dh jpuk Hkh de iM+ x;hA fdUrq
fudV mM+kbZ AA ge Hkjrth ds dgs bu 'kCnksa dks gh le> ysa
ge ;kus eSa vkSj tVk;q nksuksa HkkbZ FksA rks i;kZIr gS ^^gkjsgq¡ [ksy ftrkofga eksfg**A
,d ckj p<+rh tokuh esa ¼lw;Z ds ikl tkus dh jketh ge thoksa ds l[kk gSa ¼ns[ksa ^^l[kk cpu
izfrLi/kkZ esa½ ge nksuksa gh xxu e.My esa mM+rs lqfu gj”ks** nksgk&5½ ge gkjs thoksa dks os gh
gq;s lw;Z ds lehi igqWap x;sA ftrk ldrs gSa] dsoy eu deZ opu ls muds
ge }kS cU?qk izFke r#ukbZ & fdf"dU/kk dk.M esa izfr iw.kZ fo’okl gksuk pkfg;sA
rhu fofHkUu izd`fr ds cU/kqvksa dk pfj= xxu x;s jfc fudV mM+kbZ & okYehfd jkek;.k
fp=kadu gqvk gSA bu rhuksa esa gh ^}kS cU/kq* ;k dks fo}ku yksx lekt 'kkL= ;k ^êuqLe`fr** dk
^}kS HkkbZ* in fo'ks"k dj iz;qDr gq;s gSaA buesa ljyhd`r xzUFk gh ekurs gSaA ijUrq blesa
,d cU/kq&tksM+k ckyh vkSj lqxhz oth dk gSA bfrgkl&Hkwxksy o Kku&foKku ds ,sls ,sls rF;
ftuesa dHkh FkksM+h lh izhfr jgh Fkh ^ûkFk ckfy mn~?kkfVr fd;s gq;s gSa fd vkt Hkh vpEHks esa
v# eSa }kS HkkbZ] izhfr jgh dNq] cjfu u Mky nsrs gSa A lqUnj dk.M esa of.kZr ^^fuflpjh
tkbZ**A buds vkilh cSj dh dgkuh gh ,d fla/kq egq¡ jgbZ** okyk izlax gwcgw ^^cjeqMk
fdf"dU/kkdk.M dh Hkwfedk gSA nwljk tksM+k Vªsxy
a ** ls feyrk tqyrk gSA ml vVykfUVd
Jhjke&y{e.k egklkxj ds ^^cjeqMk Vªsxy a ** ¼Bermuda
cU/kqvksa dk gSA izHkq us Lo;a dk ifjp; rks Triangle½ {ks= esa vkdk'kxkeh ok;q;ku
vR;Ur ljy lk ^ûke jke yNeu nksm HkkbZ**A ;dk;d vn`'; gks tkrs gSa] ftudk irk fQj
dg dj fn;k gSA fdUrq rkjk us bUgsa ^^rs }kS dHkh ugha pyrkA vkt Hkh og vucw> igsyh
cU/kq** dg dj u dsoy buds cU/kqRo dh cuk gqvk gSA rks ekul esa of.kZr fuflpjh
ljkguk dh gS vfirq egkcyh ckyh tSls dh ¼flafgdk½ Hkh vcw> igsyh gSA og Hkh
iRuh gksdj Hkh ifr ds le{k gh bUgsa vlhe vkdk'kxkeh ty&tUrqvksa dh ijNkbZ dks LrfEHkr
rst cy ds djds mUgsa yhy tkrh Fkh&
fu/kku dgk gS ^^rs }kS cU/kq] rst cy lhoka**A ^^ty fcyksfd frUg dS ifjNkghaA xgb Nk¡g ld lks u
rhljk tksM+k izLrqr izlax ds tVk;qth vkSj mM+kbZ**A5@2@3 blh
lEikfrth dk gSA lEikfrth us vHkh Lo;a gh fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa Hkh oSKkfud rF;ksa dks
dgk Fkk fd os vusd fnuksa ls Hkw[ks gSa] mn~Hkkflr djus okys nks izlax gSA ,d rks
ej.kklUu gks x;s gSa& ^^fnu cgq pys vgkj fcuq Lo;aizHkkth ds ^Hkwfe fooj* okyk gS ftls vki
ejm¡** blds ckn Hkh mUgksaus ek= cU/kq tVk;q i<+ pqds gSa vkSj nwljk ;g lEikfrth dh
dk uke lqu dj gh vius Hk{; okujksa dks lkSje.My ¼varfj{k½ dh ;k=k dkA ;g dVq
vHk;nku ns fn;kA okYehfd jkek;.k esa o.kZu gS lR; gS fd bl i`Foh dks if'pe ds oSKkfud
fd bUgksaus vkilh izfrLi/kkZ ds volj ij Hkh tgk¡ vkt ls v<+kbZ lkS o"kZ iwoZ Hkh piVh
vius cU/kqRo Lusg dk ifjR;kx ugha fd;kA tc ekurs FksA bl rF; ls foijhr lEefr j[kus
tVk;qth dks lw;Z fdj.kksa ls >qylrs gq;s ns[kk rks okyksa dks os izk.k n.M ls izrkfM+r fd;k djrs
Hkzkr`&Lusg o'k gh mUgsa vius ia[kksa ls <d FksA ogha gekjh gtkjksa o"kZ iwoZ fy[kh xbZ
fy;k& okYehfd jkek;.k esa tks varfj{k ;k=k dk o.kZu
feyrk gS] og u dsoy vn~Hkqr gS cfYd eSa vfHkekuh jfc fuvjkok & ;gk¡ lEikfrth us
vR;k/kqfud foKku dh dlkSVh ij iw.Zkr;k [kjk Lo;a esa vfHkeku dks Lohdkj fd;k gSA mudk
Hkh gSA ogk¡ lEikfrth us varfj{k ls fn[kkbZ rkRi;Z gS fd tVk;q eq>ls vf/kd le>nkj Fkk
iM+us okyh i`Foh dk o.kZu djrs gq;s fofHkUu vr% lw;Z dk rst vlá izrhr gksrs gh og ykSV
uxjksa dks jFk ds ifg;s ds ln`’k; crk;k gS x;kA fdUrq eSa vius vfHkeku o'k jfo e.My
^^jFk pØ izek.kkfu uxjkf.k i`Fkd~ ds vkSj fudV pyk x;kA /;ku nsosa fd blds
i`Fkd~**4@61@5A ufn;ksa ls <dh gqbZ Hkwfe mUgsa iwoZ ge ckyh ds izlax esa mls êgk vfHkekuh*]
lwr ds /kkxksa ls fyiVh gqbZ lh yxh ^vfr'k; vfHkekuh* vkSj ^v/ke vfHkekuh* bu
^^vkixkfHk'p laohrk lw=Sfjo laKkvksa ls vkjksfir ns[k pqds gSaA vkSj mldk
olaq/kjk**A4@61@8 Hkwry ds fgeky;] es# vkSj tks gky gqvk ^êkjk ckfy jke rc ân; eka>
foU/; vkfn cM+s&cM+s ioZr rkykc esa [kM+s gq;s lj rkfu** mlls Hkh ifjfpr gaSA vxys dk.Mksa
gkfFk;ksa ds leku izrhr gq;s vFkkZr~ i`Foh ty ls esa jko.k dks Hkh txg&txg vfHkekuh vkSj
vkIyqr Fkh& ^^fgeoka'pSo foU/;'p es#'p vgadkjh dgk x;k gS&
lqegkfxfj%A ^îzHkq eqlqdku leqf> ^vfHkekuk*] pki p<+kbZ cku
Hkwrys lEizdk'kUrs ukxk bo la/kkuk** 6@12@8A
tyk'k;s**AA ^^cksyk fcgfl êgk vfHkekuh*] feyk gefg dfi xqj cM+
mM+rs gq;s os lw;Z ds brus lehi igq¡p x;s fd X;kuh**5@23@2A
mUgsa lw;Zukjk;.k i`Foh ds cjkcj gh tku iM+us jko.k dk tks gky gqvk Fkk ;k vkt Hkh
yxs ^^rqY; i`Foh izek.ksu HkkLdj% izfr jko.k&ngu ds uke ls izfro”kZ gksrk gS] mlls
HkkfrukS**4@61@13A ;kus xksy Fkkyhuqek fn[kus ge lc ifjfpr gSaA rc D;k dkj.k gS fd bu
okys lw;Z ds leku gh i`Foh Hkh xksy Fkkyh uqek nks HkkbZ;ksa esa ls ,d tVk;qthdks ;ksfx;ksa ls Hkh
fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA ge Geography dks ges’kk nqyZHk xfr feyh ^^xh/k v/ke [kx vkfe"k Hkksxh]
Hkwxksy gh dgrs vk;s gSaA xksLokehth us blh xfr nhUgha tks tkpr tksxh**A vkSj vkxs
rF; dks ^^xxu x;s jfo fudV mM+kbZ** ds :i lEikfrth ds fy;s Hkh o.kZu vk;sxk fd muds
esa izLrqr fd;k gSA tys gq;s ia[k iqu% mx vk;s] 'kjhj Hkh lqnaj
rst u lfg ld lks fQfj vkok A eSa fc#t ¼jksx fodkj jfgr½ gks x;k ^^jke dìk¡
vfHkekuh jfc fuvjkok AA dl Hk;m ljhjk**A oLrqr% lEikfrth dk
tVk;q lw;Z dh iz[kj fdj.kksa dk rki vfHkeku ckyh vkSj jko.k tSlk ij&ihM+u okyk
ugha lg ldk] vr% og rks ykSV vk;kA fdUrq ugha gSA ckyh dh f’kdk;r ls lqxhz oth us dgk
eSa vfHkekuh Fkk vr,o lw;Z ds vkSj fudV c<+ gS ^^gfj yhUgsfl lcZlq v# ukjh** vkSj jko.k
x;kA rks nhu tuksa izrkfM+r djus ds mís’; ls gh
rst u lfg ld lks fQfj vkok & Hkxoku ^ûxj xkm¡ iqj vkfx yxkofga** vkfx yxk jgk
HkkLdj dk rki tho ek= ds fy;s vlá gSA FkkA lEikfrth ds bl vfHkeku dks ge
;g ftruk foKku lEer gS mruk gh bl KkuekfxZ;ksa dk ^^lksgefLe bfr c`fr v[kaMk]
v)kZyh ls ;g Hkh fl) gS fd gekjs ijkKkuh nhi fl[kk lksbZ ije izpaMk**6@117@1 ;kus fd
_f"k eqfu bl rF; ls iwoZ ifjfpr FksA blls ^LoihM+u* okyk dg ldrs gSaA lEikfrth tks
;g Hkh izekf.kr gksrk gS fd ;g dFkk furkar vHkh o`rkUr lquk jgs gSa] og lr;qx dk gS]
dfYir ugha gS vU;Fkk gekjs dfo;ksa ds fy, vkSj lr;qx dks ;ksxh&foKkfu;ksa dk ;qx dgk
fdlh ,d HkkbZ dks lw;Z esa izos'k fn[kykus esa x;k gS ^^d`r tqx lc tksxh fcX;kuh] dfj gfj
dkSu lh dfBukbZ Fkh \ /;ku rjfg Hko izkuh**7@102@1A fdUrq ogk¡
lko/kku Hkh fd;k gS fd bl ;ksx foKku ds ekxZ
ls ije&in ikuk vfr nqyZHk gS ^^vfr nqyZHk fey tk;sxaAs ^Kku nhid* izlax esa Kku nhid
dSoY; ije in] lar iqjku fuxe vkxe tykus dh izfØ;k dks vfr Je lk/; ^vikjk*
cn**7@118@3 vr% tVk;wth rks mlh le; dgk x;k gS ^^ti ri czr te fu;e ^vikjk*] ts
Kku ekxZ dk ifjR;kx dj HkfDr ekxZ esa vk Jqfr dg lqHk /keZ vpkjk** 7@116@10 blh Kku
x;s] vkSj n.Md ou esa _f"k&eqfu;ksa dh nhid izlax esa Kku ekxZ ls dSoY; ije in
lsok&’kqJw"kk esa yx x;sA blfy;s izHkq dks Lo;a ikus dks Hkh ^vfr* nq"dj dk;Z crk;k gS&
muds ikl py dj tkuk iM+k ^^xh/kjkt lS HksaV ^^X;ku iaFk dìku dS /kkjk] ijr [kxsl gksb ufga
Hkb cgq fcf/k izhfr c<+kbZ**3@13 vkSj mUgsa ckjkA
lk:I; eks{k Hkh feyk] ftldk fooj.k nksgk 26 tks fufcZ?u iaFk fucZgbZ] lks dSoY; ije in
dh Vhdk ds lax fn;k gS ogha ns[k ysosaA vUrr% ygbZA
lEikfrth dks Hkh blh ekxZ dk gh vuqlj.k ^vfr* nqyZHk dSoY; ije in**7@118@3A
djuk iM+k gS] tksfd gesa vxyh pkSikb;ksa esa Li”V gS fd bl dfBu iaFk dk fufoZ?u fuokZg
ns[kus feysxkA gks gh ugha ikrkA vikj Je vfr dfBukbZ ls
tjs i¡[k vfr rst vikjk A ijsm¡ Hkwfe dfj tyk gqvk ;g ^Kku nhid* izk;% ^nsg tfur*
?kksj fpdkjk AA c;kj ls iqu% cq> tkrk gS ^^rcfg nhi fcX;ku
esjs ia[k lw;Z ds vfr vikj rst ls ty cq>kbZ**A rks ;gk¡ Hkh lEikfrth dk fdafpr~ lk
x;s vkSj eSa Hk;adj phRdkj djds ¼ewfNZr vfHkeku] 'kkS;Z izn'kZu dk Hkko vkSj izfrLi)kZ
voLFkk esa½ i`Foh ij fxj iM+k A dh Hkkouk muds Kku ekxhZ vfHk;ku dks gh ys
tjs i¡[k vfr rst vikjk & igys rks ;gk¡ fy[ks MwchA vr% os ?kksj phRdkj djrs gq;s i`Foh ij
î¡[k* ;k vkxs vkus okys î{k* 'kCn dk xw<+kFkZ fxj iM+s A
le> ysaA oLrqr% /keZ n'kZu dh ifjHkk"kk esa ^îjsm¡ Hkwfe dfj ?kksj fpdkjk& iwoksZä ^tjs ia[k*
ftls i{k ;k ia[k tSlsfd lxq.k i{k ;k fuxqZ.k ls dfo dk vfHkizk; gS fd lEikfrth izkjEHk esa
iaFkh dgk tkrk gS mls gh ukVd ;k :idksa esa ftl Kku ekxZ ds i{k/kj Fks] ftlds lgkjs
ia[k dk uke fn;k x;k gSA bl rF; dks mUgksaus bruh Å¡ph mM+ku Hkjh Fkh] dfBu rki
dkdHkq'kqf.Mth o ykse'k eqfu ds izlax esa Hkfy Hkh lgk Fkk] og mudk i{k ;k ia[k dgysa]
Hkkafr le>k dj dgk x;k gS& fou"V gks x;kA
^^Hkxfr îPN* gV dfj jgsm¡ nhfUg egkfjf"k eqfu ,d uke pUnzek vksgh A ykxh n;k
lkiA nsf[k dfj eksgh AA
eqfu nqyZHk cj ik;m¡ ns[kgq Hktu lEikfrth us vkxs dgk fd tgk¡ eSa fxjk
izrki**AA7@114 ogk¡ ,d vf}rh; eqfu FksA mudk uke pUnzek
bl v)kZyh esa ^vfr* vkSj ^vikjk* ;g Fkk] ogh ¼vksgh½ iwoZ ifjfpr pUnzekA esjh
nksuksa gh i;kZ;okph 'kCn gSaA igys gh dgk gS fd n;uh; n'kk ns[kdj mUgsa n;k yxhA
xksLokehth us bl izdkj ds lekukFkhZ 'kCnksa dk eqfu¾euu’khy euh”kh] egkRekA
iz;ksx ladr s d ds :i esa fdlh izlax fo'ks"k dh eqfu ,d uke pUnzek vksgh & ekul esa ^,d*
vksj fn'kk funsZ'k djkus ds fy;s gh fd;k gSA in tgka dgha Hkh fdlh oLrq] O;fDr] ?kVuk ds
vHkh ;gk¡ lwfpr fd;k Fkk fd ;g lEikfrth dk fy;s iz;qDr gqvk gS rks tku yas fd mlds
foQy iz;kl ,d izdkj ls mudh KkuekxZ dh led{k vkSj dksbZ ugha gSA og vf}rh; gS]
lk/kuk Fkh A ;s i;kZ;okph 'kCn vfr] vikjk tSlsfd tho tUrq dh Nk¡g dks idM+ dj mUgsa
vkSj blds lkFk ds ^tjs* ls feyrs tqyrs ^tfj* [kk tkus okyh flfgadk ^^fuflfpjh ,d fla/kq egq
vkSj ^tjfg* tSls in Hkh KkuekxZ dks n'kkZus jgbZ] dfj ek;k uHk ds [kx xgbZa**5@2@1]
okys :id ^Kku nhid* izlax esa cgqrk;r ls oSlk gh vf}rh; ;g pUnzek gSA blds lkFk
ladr s j[kk x;k gS ^vksgh*A ^vksgh* dk vFkZ gS dks lquk;s x;s Kku ls gS A /;ku nsxas rks nksuksa
ftlls ge iwoZ ifjfpr gSa] ukjnth Hkqou gh jkek;.kksa esa ^^lw;Z] pUnz vkSj ^^vfHkeku**
eksfguh dks ns[kdj vk;s gSa blfy;s mUgksaus mls bu inksa dk mYys[k fdlh u fdlh :i esa fey
^vksgh* dgk ^^vkiu :i nsgq izHkq eksgh] vku Hkk¡fr tk;sxkA bu inksa ds dkj.k Jhxhrkth ds vkBosa
ufga ikokSa ^vksgh** 1@131@6A bl ^vksgh* in ds v/;k; esa crk;s x;s nso;ku vkSj fir`;ku ekxZ
}kjk xksLokehth us ;g lwfpr@ladr s fd;k gS dh vksj /;ku vkd"kZ.k gks tkuk LokHkkfod gS A
fd ge ftl pUnzek dks jkr fnu vkdk'k esa ogk¡ Hkxoku Jhd`".k us e`R;q ds mijkUr izkIr
ns[krs gSa] mls gh êqfu ,d* uke ls n'kkZ;k gSA gksus okys bu nks lukru ekxksZ dh foospuk
okYehfd jkek;.k esa Hkh blh izdkj ds ladr s gsaSA djrs gq;s vtZqu ls dgk gS fd nso;ku ekxZ esa
ogk¡ pUnzek eqfu uke u nsdj bUgsa Hkxoku T;ksfreZ; lw;Z] vfXu] fnu] 'kqDy&i{k vkSj
fu'kkdj dgk gS ^^nz"Vqdke% izrh{ks p HkxoUra mÙkjk;.k ds N% eghus ;s lHkh mlds vfHkekuh
^fu'kkdje~**4@60@13A vkSj muds vkJe dks nsork ekus x;s gSaA vkSj bl dky@ekxZ esa e`R;q
îq.;* ,oa nsoksa }kjk lqiwftr crk;k gS dks izkIr czã osÙkk tho czã dks ¼eks{k dks½ izkIr
^^vklhPpkJea iq.;a lqjSjfi lqiwftre~**4@60@8 gks tkrk gS&
ok-jk-A Li”V Hkk"kk esa bls vki LoxZ le> ysaA ^^vfXuT;ksZfrjg% 'kqDy% "k.eklk
ykxh n;k nsf[k dfj eksgh & n;k lar egkRekvksa mÙkjk;.ke~A
ds ân; esa gh mitrh gS ^ûkjn ns[kk fcdy r= iz;krk xPNfUr czã czãfonks
t;ark] ykfx n;k dksey fpr lark**3@1@9 tuk%**AA8@24
deZB lEikrhth dh KkuekxZ esa tks nqnZ’kk gqbZ vkSj fir`;ku ekxZ esa /kwek ¼/kqvk¡] va/kdkj½
mls ns[k pUnzekth dks Hkh mu ij n;k vkbZA jkf=] d`".k i{k vkSj nf{k.kk;u ds N% eghus ;s
mUgksaus mls lxq.kksikluk dk ekxZ lq>k;kA euu lHkh mlds vfHkekuh nsork gSaA bl ekxZ ;k
djds vxys ;qx rd dk bfrgkl crk;k] dky esa e`R;q dks izkIr ldke deZ;ksxh pUnzek
blhfy;s bUgsa pUnzek eqfu dgk gSA dh T;ksfr dks izkIr gksdj igys rks LoxZ esa
cgq izdkj rsfga X;ku lqukok A nsg tfur vius 'kqHkdeksZ dk Qy Hkksxrk gS] rc og iqu%
vfHkeku NM+kok AA tUe ysrk gS& ^^/kweks jkf=LrFkk d`".k%
mUgksaus eq>s cgqr izdkj ls Kku mins'k "k.eklk nf{k.kk;ue~A
lquk;k vkSj nsg r= pkUnzela T;ksfr;ksZxh izkI;
lEcfU/kr esjh vfHkeku o`fÙk dks NqM+k fn;k fuorZrs**AA8@25
¼feVk fn;k½A Jhxhrkth ds blh rF; dk yxHkx fu:i.k
cgqr izdkj rsfga X;ku lqukok & okYehfd v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Hkh gqvk gSA dì;k
jkek;.k esa fu'kkdj Hkxoar us Hkfo"; esa gksus 4@8@18 ls 20 'yksdksa esa ns[ksa A
okys jke tUe ls ysdj jkenwrksa ds lax HksaV nsg tfur vfHkeku NM+kok & dHkh f='kadt q h
gksus rd dk ?kVukØe lquk;k gS A vkSj egkjkt us l'kjhj LoxZ tkus dh vkdka{kk dh
v/;kRe jkek;.k esa tho }kjk nsg /kkj.k djus Fkh] vkSj ;gk¡ lEikfrth }kjk lnsg lw;Z e.My
dh vFkkZr~ tho dk vius dekZuqlkj izkIr ekrk igq¡pus dk iz;kl Hkh mlh dksfV dk gSA bls ge
ds xHkkZ'k; esa izos'k ysus ls tUe ysus ds ukS nso;ku ekxZ dh] vFkok gB ;ksx }kjk] eks{k
ekl rd dh iwjh dFkk lfoLrkj lqukbZ xbZ gSA ekxZ dh ;k=k dg ldrs gSaA ,d izdkj ls ;s
;gk¡ ^cgq izdkj* in nsdj nksuksa gh jkek;.kksa esa nksuksa gh lTtu vius vius iz;klksa esa fu"Qy
fn;s x;s Kku mins’k dk Hkh leUo; fd;kA jgsA fdUrq lEikrhth dks rks vius iwoZ deksZa
fdUrq ^X;ku lqukok* ls ;gk¡ xksLokehth dk vkSj oLrqr% n;ko`fÙk ds dkj.k vuk;kl fir`;ku
vfHkizk; Jhxhrkth esa Jhd`".k ds }kjk vtqZu ekxZ miyC/k gks x;kA bl fir`;ku ekxZ ds
vfHkekuh nsork Hkxoku pUnzek us gh muds vO;Drk fg xfrnqZ%[ka
nsgkfHkeku dks nwj djds mudk vkxs dk ekxZ Hkh nsgon~fHkjokI;rs**AA12@5Jhxhrkth
iz'kLr dj fn;k ^^cks/k;kekl eka pUnzukek eqfu ekul esa Hkh KkuekxZ dks ^dfBu* dgk gS&
dqysÜoj**4@8@53@v0jk0A ns[kk tk;s rks lHkh ^^dgr dfBu leq>r dfBu lk/kr dfBu
lxq.kksikld fir`;ku ekxZ ds vuq;k;h ;kus fccsdA
LoxkZdka{kh gh feysxaAs euq'kr:ikth LoxZ x;s gksb ?kqukPNj U;k; tkSa iqfu izR;wg
^^le; ikb ruq rft vu;klk] tkb dhUg vusd**AA7@118
^vejkofr* cklk**A1@151@8 vkSj n'kjFkth bl ijexfr dks izkIr djus dk ljy mik;
Hkh LoxZ gh x;s gSa ^^ruq ifjgfj j?kqcj fcjg¡ Jhxhrkth o jkek;.k nksuksa esa ,d gh crk;k gS
jkm x;m ^lqj/kke**2@155A fd tks vuU; Hkko ls lxq.k :i ijes'oj dk
=srk¡ czã euqt ruq /kfjgh A rklq ukfj fujUrj fpUru djrk mls eSa lalkj leqnz ls
fuflpj ifr gfjgh AA m)kj dj nsrk gw¡ gS&
pUnzek eqfu us eq>ls dgk fd vkxs ^^vuU;suSo ;ksxsu eka /;k;Ur miklrsA
=srk;qx es ijkRij czã euq"; 'kjhj /kkj.k r”kkega leq)rkZ e`R;q lalkj
djsaxsA mudh L=h ¼Jhlhrkth½ dks jk{kl ifr lkxjkr**AA12@7Jhxhrkth
¼jko.k½ vigj.k dj ysxk A vkSj ^^jke Hktr lksb eqdqfr xkslkbZa] vubfPNr vkob
=srk¡ czã euqt ruq /kfjgh & ^=srk* vFkkZr~ cfj vkbZ** 7@118@4A ;gk¡ pUnzek eqfu us Hkh
=srk;qx esa] Hkfo"; esa gksaus okys jkekorkj ds blh vorkjokn ds fl)kUr ^^lksb tl xkb Hkxr
lkFk ^=srk* dk mYys[k djds lwfpr fd;k fd Hko rjgha** }kjk ¼HkfDr ekxZ }kjk½ eks{k izkIr
;g pUnzekeqfu vkSj lEikfrth dk rks orkZyki djus dk mik; lq>k;k gS
gS og lr;qx esa gks jgk gSA ^czã* o êuqt* rklq ukfj fuflpj ifr gfjgh & ^^rklq ukfj**
in }kjk Li"V fd;k fd vcdh =srk dk in ls ;gk¡ Li"V ladr s jkefiz;k Jhlhrk Lo:ik
jkekorkj f=nso okys Jhfo".kq Hkxoku dk u ^^HkfDr** ls gS A mÙkjdk.M esa bldk
gksdj euq’kr:ikth dks fn;s ojnku ds dkj.k Li"Vhdj.k gqvk gS ^êk;k Hkxfr lqugq rqe nksÅ]
vorfjr ijkRijczã dk gksxkA Kku?kkV ds ukfj cxZ tkub lc dksÅA iqfu j?kqchjfg Hkxfr
vkpk;Z Hkxoku 'kadj us Hkh ijkRijczã dh gh fivkjh] ek;k [kyq urZdh fcpkjh** 6@115@4 blls
ekrk ikoZrhth ls dgh gS& Li"V gS fd jketh dh ;g ukjh I;kjh HkfDr gh
^^vij gsrq lquq lSydqekjh] dgm¡ fcfp= dFkk gS A
fcLrkjhA rklq [kkst iBbfg izHkq nwrk A frUgfg feysa
tsfg dkju vt vxqu v:ik] ^czã* Hk;m dkslyiqj rSa gksc iquhrk AA
Hkwik**AA1@140@2 mu lhrk Lo:ik ^HkfDr* dh [kkst esa
pUnzek eqfu us jkekorkj dh ;g ckr loZ leFkZ izHkq vius nwrksa dks Hkstsaxs A muls
lEikrhth ls blfy;s dgh fd ;s nso;ku ekxZ feyus ij rqe ifo=&ikou gks tkvksxs A
dk voyEcu djus okyksa esa gSaA vkSj bl ekxZ rklq [kkst iBbfg izHkq nwrk & îzHkq* in nsdj
ls] fuxqZ.k /;ku ls eks{k izkfIr esas ifjJe fo'ks"k tuk;k fd ;s loZ leFkZ gSaA blds iwoZ Hkh
dgk x;k gSA Jhxhrkth esa rks Hkxoku d`".k us ^^t|fi izHkq tkur lc ckrk] jktuhfr jk[kr
Li"V dgk gS fd fuxqZ.k fujkdkj ds mikldksa dk lqj=krk**4@22@13A esa ;g ckr [kksy dj
ekxZ u dsoy ifjJe fo'ks"k ¼Dys’k Hkjk½ okyk dgh x;h FkhA ;gk¡ îzHkq nwrk* dgus esa
gS cfYd nsgkfHkekfu;ksa ds }kjk vO;Dr dh xfr lEikfrth dk vfHkizk; gS fd loZleFkZ izHkq
¼ijexfr½ izkIr djuk vR;Ur gh dfBu gS& vius gh leku leFkZ nwrksa dks iBk;sxsaA oLrqr
^^Dys’kks·f/kdrjLrs"kkeO;DrklDr psrlke~A izHkq ds nwr loZ leFkZ gSa] guqekuth us bls yadk
dks tykdj vkSj vaxnth us viuk în jksi* ;Kk;kpjr% deZ lexza
dj izHkkfor fd;k gSA izfoyh;rsAA4@23 Jhxhrkth
/;ku nsa foxr pkSikbZ ^^=srk czã euqt vkSj v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Jhxhrkth ds Hkkoksa dk
ruq /kfjgha** esa ckydk.M dh dFkk dgh xbZA gh izfriknu pUnzek eqfu ds mins'kksa esa fn[kus
vkSj ^^rklq ukfj fuflpj ifr gfjgha** esa feyrk gSA mUgksaus lEikfrth ls dgk fd ^^;ksxh
vj.;dk.M rd dh ,oa bl pkSikbZ ^^rSa gksc dks fdlh izdkj dk vKku tU; lq[k&nq%[k ugha
iquhrk** esa gksrkA vr% tc rd rsjk izkjC/k {k; u gks rc
fdf"dU/kkdk.M dh ;gk¡ rd dh dFkk vk xbZ rd dk¡pqyh lfgr liZ ds leku vkuUniwoZd
gSA ekul esa jke dFkk pkj ckj dgh xbZ gS] rks nsg /kkj.k djds jgks& ^^;ksfxuks u fg nq%[ka ok
fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa Hkh mldk pkj ckj o.kZu lq[ka okKkulEHkoe~A
gqvk gSA loZ izFke dk.M ds izkjEHk esa jketh us rLekíssgsu lfgrks ;koRizkjC/k la{k;%A
dgh ^^dkslysl n'knFk ds tk;s**A ikol&o.kZu rkofÙkf"B lq[ksuRoa /k`rdapqd
esa lEiw.kZ dFkk xqIr :i ls vkbZ gh gSA vHkh liZor~**AA4@8@47 v-jk-
;gk¡ lEikfrth us iwjh jke dFkk dgh gSA lkFk gh mUgksaus izkjC/k {k; gksus dh le;kof/k
tkeoarth Hkh blds igys dqN dFkk dg x;s dk ladsr Hkh dj fn;k pUnzek eqfu us dgk fd
¼fut bPNk¡ izHkq vorjb½ vkSj 'ks"k dFkk os gh tc rqEgkjh izHkq nwrksa ls HksaV gksxh rc iki eqä
bl dk.M ds iVk{ksi esa dgsaxAs gks tkvksxAs ekul dh ifjHkk”kk esa dgk tk;s rks
frUgfg feys rSa gksc iquhrk & bl pkSikbZ esa tc lar lekxe gksxk rc& ^^rSa gksc iquhrk**A
rqdkar oS"kE; gS ^nwrk* dk îquhrk* ls fd;k gSA tfegfga ia[k djfl tfu fpark A frUgfg
xksLokehth dh 'kSyh ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ okP;kFkZ ls ns[kkbZ nsgslq rSa lhrk AA
xw<kFkZ T;knk gSA ^gksc iquhrk* dk vfHkizk; gS pUnzek eqfu us Bksl vk'oklu nsrs gq;s
igys vifo= Fks vkSj vc ifo= gksaoksxsA bl dgk fd rqe fpUrk er djks] rqEgkjs tys gq;s
fo"k; esa ckYehfd jkek;.k esa lEikfrth ds ia¡[k fu%lansg iqu% te ¼mx½ tk;sxas A vkSj mu
mn~xkj gS fd ^îwoZ tUe esa gels dksbZ fufUnr jkenwrksa dks rqe gh Jhlhrkth ds n'kZu Hkh
deZ cu x;k Fkk] ftlls bl le; gesa v?kksjh djkvksxs A tfegfga¾fu'p; gh mxsxas A
ekalkgkjh gksuk iM+k**A blh ikideZ ds izk;f'pr tfegfga ia[k djfl tfu fpark & foxr okyh
Lo:i lEikfrth us lr;qx ls =srk;qx rd dh pkSikbZ ds leku blds rqdkar Hkh fo"ke gSaA ogk¡
;g vof/k ,d deZ;ksxhor~ O;rhr dh gSA tks ^nwrk* dk îquhrk* ls Fkk rks ;gk¡ ^fpark* dk
feyk mlh esa lUrq"V jgs gSaA dHkh fcuk vgkj ^lhrk* ls gS ;kus mPpkj.k esa Lo dk nh?kZ ls
ds ^^fnu cgq pys vgkj fcuq ejÅ¡** rks dHkh feyku fd;k gS] Li”V
vk/ks isV jgdj ^^dcgq¡ u fey Hkfj mnj /ofu vojsc gSA xksLokehth ds vuqlkj bUgsa
vgkjk**A bl o`fÙk esa thou ;kiu dks jketh us dfor nks"k u ekusa vfirq budk p;u fcfc/k
HkfDr ekxZ dgk gS& xq.kksa dks n'kkZus gsrq lksp le> dj fd;k x;k
^^dggq HkfDr iFk dou iz;klk] tksx u e[k ti ri mioklkA gS ^^Hkko Hksn jl Hksn vikjk] dfcr nsk"k xqu fcfc/k
ljy lqHkko u eu dqfVykbZ] tFkk ykHk larks"k lnkbZ** izdkjk**A1@8@10 bu nksuksa pkSikb;ksa ls ,d gh
7@45@1&2A /ofu fuLlfjr gksrh gS fd fu%lUnsg ,slk gh
Jhxhrkth esa blh dks deZ;ksxh dh gksxk] ,slk gh gksxk] ;g lc iwoZ fu;ksftr gSA
ifjHkk"kk esa ;FkkFkZ deZ dgk gS& ^^;n`PNkykHk bl v)kZyh ds rqd c rqd okYehfd jkek;.k esa
lUrq"Vks }U}krhrks foeRlj%A Hkh dgk gS fd ^^rqe fpUrk u djks] rqEgkjs NksVs
le% fl)kofl)kSp d`Rokfi u fuc/;rsA vkSj cM+s nksuksa gh i¡[k iqu% fudy vk;sxas ^î{kkS
p rs izi{kkSp iqujU;kS Hkfo";r%**4@62@2 ok-
jk-A vkSj blds iwoZ okyh v)kZyh ds Hkkoksa ds ^^fxjk* vjFk ty chfp le dfgvr fHkUu u
vuq#i opu v/;kRe jkek;.k esa Hkh feyrs gSaA fHkUu**1@18A
ogka pUnzek eqfu dk dguk gS fd ^îwoZ mijksDr izlax esa dgus okys Hkxoku
fu;ksftr dkj.k fo'ks"k ls rqEgkjs lkFk mu fu'kkdj ¼pUnzek½ gSa A ftUgsa ^czã* ls de ugha
okujksa dk lekxe gksxk] blesa ^lansg* ugha gS vkadk tk ldrkA vkSj xhrkth esa mUgas
^^r= lekxe% Ro;krS% dkj.ko'kkn~ Hkfo";fr u vfHkekuh nsork dgk Hkh x;k gSA lEikfrth ds
^la'k;%**4@8@51A dgus dk vfHkizk; Hkh ;gh gS fd eqfu ds opu
frUgfg ns[kkbZ nsgslq rSa lhrk & vius tys ia[kksa ^czã okD;* ds leku vdkV~; gSaA ftlds izek.k
ds dkj.k ,d rjQ rks lEikfrth Lo;a dk Lo:i gh vkt ,d ;qx ds ckn vki ¼okujksa½
Hkkstu izkIr djus esa Hkh vleFkZ gSaA ogha] eqfu ls HksaV gqbZA ^lR; Hkb vktw* dgrs le; ogk¡
mUgsa n`<+ fo'okl fnyk jgs gSa fd Hkfo"; esa rqe ,d ?kVuk vkSj ?kVh gS] okYehfd jkek;.k esa
gh mu jkenwrksa dks Jhlhrkth fn[kykvksxs A o.kZu gS fd lEikfrth tc bl izdkj dh ckrsa
eqfu dk vfHkizk;% gS fd rqe fpUrk er djks] dj gh jgs Fks fd okujksa ds le{k gh muds nks
vleFkZ dks leFkZ vFkkZr~ ^^rù rs dqfyl dqfyl u;s ia[k fudy vk;s& ^^rL; Rosoa czqok.kL;
rù djbZa** djus okys Jhjketh le; ij rqEgsa lagrSokZujS% lgA
Hkh lkeF;Z iznku djsxsaA ns[kk tk;s rks] mRisrrqLrnk i{kkS le{ka
Jhxhrkth esa bUgha Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr fofHkUu oupkfj.kke~**AA4@63@8
izdkj ls Hkxoku Jhd`".k ds opuksa esa Hkh gqbZ v/;kRe jkek;.k esa ia[k Jhlhrkth dk irk crk
gS] tSlsfd ^;ksx{ksea ogkE;ge~* ;k ^fufeRrek=a nsus ds ckn tes gSaA ijUrq ckYehfd jkek;.k esa
Hko lO;lkfpu~*11@33] ^ê;k grkaLRoa tfg ek ia[k teus dk dkj.k jkenwrksa dk n'kZu ikuk]
O;fFk"Bk ;q/;Lo tsrkfl j.ks liRuku~** 11@34 muds }kjk Li'kZ vkSj muds lax lar lekxe
vFkkZr~ rw rks dsoy fufeÙk ek= cu tk] esjs gksus ds QyLo:i dgk x;k gS A bu nksuksa
}kjk ekjs gq;s 'kwjohj ;ks)kvksa dks rw ekj] Hk; dFkuksa dk fuokZg djus ds fy;s gh xksLokehth us
er dj] fu%lUnsg rw ;q) esa oSfj;ksa dks thrsxkA ;gk¡ dqN u dg dj vkxs viuk earO; Li"V
eqfu db fxjk lR; Hkb vktw A lqfu ee fd;k gS A
cpu djgq izHkq dktw AA lqfu ee cpu djgq izHkq dktw & lk/kd dks
lEikfrth us xn~xn Hkko ls dgk fd vU; lk/kdksa ds chp esa êe* ;k êe cpu*
tSls pUnzek eqfu dh ije ifo= ok.kh vktw dgus dk vf/kdkj gh ugha gS A buesa rks HkDrksa
¼brus dkykUrj ds ckn½ lR; gks xbZ] oSls gh okyh fouez Hkk"kk gh tSls ^^rqEgfjfg dìk¡ rqEgfg
vki lc Hkh esjs opuksa dks lqudj ¼ekudj½ j?kquUnu** ;k fQj ^ûkFk u dNw eksfj izHkqrkbZ**
izHkq dk dk;Z djsa A iz;qDr gksrh gSA ekul esa êe* in izk;% izk;%
eqfu db fxjk lR; Hkb vktw & xksLokehth us izHkq ds eq[kkjfoUn ls gh fudyk gS ^^l[kk cpu
^fxjk* in dks ije ifo= ok.kh ds fy;s gh êe* e`"kk u gksbZ**4@6@23] ^^vk;gq rkr
iz;qDr fd;k gS A tgk¡ dgha vkdk'kok.kh ;k cpu êe* isyh**3@29@2] ^^vc fcurh êe*
czãok.kh gqbZ ogk¡ ^^fxjk** in gh feysxk ^^HkS lqugq flo**1@76A izk;% izk;% 'kCn dk lgkjk
cgksfj cj ^fxjk* vdklk** 1@173@4A ^^xxu ysus dk dkj.k gS fd ,dk/k txg êe* in
^fxjk* xaHkhj Hkb gjfu lksd lansg**1@186] vagdkjh jko.k ds eq¡g ls Hkh dgk;k x;k gS
czã ^fxjk* HkS xxu xaHkhjk**1@73@8A vdkV~; ^êe* iqj cfl riflUg ij izhrh**5@40@5 ;k
izek.kksa] ekuo {kerk ls ijs rF;ksa o ije rRo mijksDr lEikfrth tSls ije vf/kdkjh ds eqag
ds fu:i.k esa Hkh ^fxjk* in iz;qDr gqvk gS tSls ls Hkh dgyk;s x;s gaSA ;gk¡ êe opu* dk Hkko
gS fd lEikrhth ds :i esa ân;LFk jke gh cksy
jgs gSaA vkSSj jko.k ds eq¡g ls Hkh ogk¡ lqik'osZ rq ^f=dwVs* #nz lqUnjh**7@30@66A
foHkh"k.kth dss fy, ^^lB feyq tkb frUgfg dgq vkSj okeu iqjk.k esa Hkh o.kZu feyrk gS&
uhfr** dh vkKk fnykus okys Hkh izHkq jke gh gSaA ^^loZ jRue;% Jheku~ ^f=dwVks* uke
îzHkq dktw*& tku cw>dj ;gk¡ ^jke dktw* ugha ioZr%A
fy[kk x;kA jkedkt fy[kus ls bldk vFkZ lqr% ioZr jktL; lqesjksHkkZLdj
ijksidkj djuk ;k jketh ij ,glku djuk gks |qrs%**AA
tkrkA ;gk¡ îzHkq* in nsdj okujkfn dks ¼vkSj ;g Hkh /;ku jgs fd dkO; esa ^dwV* 'kCn ^xw<+*
gesa Hkh½ trk;k fd izHkq loZ&drqZa vdrqZe~ leFkZ yxus okyh ;k Ny ;qDr mfDr;ksa ds fy;s Hkh
gSa] vki yksxksa dks rks fufeÙk ek= cuuk gS A iz;qDr gksrk gSA dchj vkSj buds ledkyhu
vaxnth us vkxs yadkdk.M esa dgk Hkh gS& dfo;ksa us ^f=dwV* vkSj blls feyrs gq;s
^^Lo;a fl) lc dkt ukFk eksfg vkn# ^f=dqVh* in dks bM+k] fiaxyk vkSj lq"kqEuk ds
fn;m**A6@17 laxe LFky ;kus Hkzwe/; esa fLFkr vkKk pØ ds
fxfj f=dwV Åij cl yadk A rg¡ jg jkou fy;s /kM+Yys ls iz;ksx fd;k gS& ^^xxu Tkksfr
lgt vladk AA rgk¡ f=dqVh laf/k] jfo ¼fiaxyk½ lfl ¼bM+k½
f=dwV ioZr ij ¼Lof.kZe½ yadk clh gS iouk ¼lq"kqEuk½ esa yh caf/k**A dchj&xzUFk in
A ogk¡ jko.k vius lgt LoHkkoo'k vFkkZr~ 328A
tUetkr izo`fr o'k fu%'kad gksdj jgrk gSA lkjka'k esa ^fxfj f=dwV* in ls ;gk¡ ekuo
/;ku nsa&jko.k l'k¡fdr jgrk gS ;k fu%'kafdr] efLr"d esa clh gqbZ f=xq.kkRed ¼lrks] jtks]
;g lEikfrth ds dgus dk fo"k; gh ugha gS] reks;qDr½ efr dh vksj ladr s gS] ;ksa bls
ijUrq blls gesa ladsr fd;k x;k gS fd bu Hkwe/; esa fLFkr vkKk pØ Hkh dg ldrs gSaA
'kCnksa esa xkFkk dqN vkSj gh Nqih gqbZ gS & ^^rg¡ jg jkou lgt vladk & jko.k dks
fxfj f=dwV Åij cl yadk & laLd`r lkfgR; esa vU;= Hkh tUe tkr fu%'kad vkSj enkU/k dgk
^fxfj* in dh x;k gS ^^lgt vlad yadifr lHkk¡ x;m en
laf/k ls cus dbZ lkFkZd 'kCnksa dh O;qRifRr va/k**6@16 vkSj ;g Hkh fd og blh enkU/krk
feyrh gS tSls fxfjtk¾ikoZrhth] fxfj'k¾Hkxoku esa vUr rd Lo;a dks lSdM+ksa bUnz ds leku
'kadj] fxfj/kkjh¾Hkxoku Jhd`".k vkSj guqekuth iq.;oku eku dj Hkksx foykl esa fyIr jgkA
HkhA blls feyrk gqvk ^fxjk* in dk vFkZ ok.kh ;|fi mlds flj ij ije izcy 'k=q :ih Lo;a
vkSj ljLorh Hkh gS ^^rkr dSdbfg nksl ufga dh ekSr Hkh eM+jkus yxh] rks Hkh mlus ijokg
xbZ ^fxjk* efr /kwfr**A2@206 ;gk¡ ^fxfj* in ugha dh&
xw<+kFkZ esa êfr* ds fy;s dgk x;k gS ^^lquq ^^lquklhj lr lfjl lks larr djb
fxfjtk vfr n`<+ efr rksjh**1@195@3A ^fxfj fcyklA
f=dwV* ;kus rhu f'k[kjksa okyk ioZr A iqjk.kksa ds ije izcy fjiq lhl ij r|fi
o.kZukuqlkj yadk uxjh vR;Ur lqjf{kr rhu lksp u =kl**AA6@10
f'k[kjksa okys f=dwV ioZr ij clh gqbZ gSA ,d jko.k dk rks ;g mnkgj.k ek= gS]
f'k[kj dk uke ^lqUnj* gS] ftl ij yadkiqjh gSA oLrqr% enkU/k ekuo gh vius dks vtj] vej
nwljs f'k[kj dk uke ^dqfEHkyk* gS ftl ij ekurk gqvk lnSo Hkksx fyIlk esa fyIr jgrk gSA
jko.k dk #nz lqUnjh uke dk 'kfDrihB gS] vkSj xksLokehth us ^^jg jkou lgt vladk** ds
rhljk f'k[kj ^lqcsy* gS ftl ij izHkq Jhjketh }kjk blh vksj /;kukdf"kZr fd;k gSA ^jg* in
dk Msjk gS ^^bgk¡ ^lqcSy* lSy j?kqchjk] mrjs lsu dk vfHkizk;% gh gS tks vHkh jgrk gS] igys Fkk
lfgr vfr Hkhjk**A 6@10@1 bl f=dwV fxfj vkSj vkxs Hkh jgsxkA ;gk¡ fuxw<+ Hkk”kk esa ladr
s
dk mYys[k nsoh Hkkxor esa Hkh gS ^ûkjk;.kh gS fd ekuo dss eu] efr vkSj fpÙk :ih
^f=dqV* ds lkFk lnSo yxs jgus okyk gekjk ekufld 'kkafr iznku djus okyh ih;w"k xzfUFk gh
^vg¡dkj* gh jko.k gS A lhrkth gSaA vkSj lq"kqEuk] bZMk] fiaxyk bu rhu
rg¡ vlksd micu tg¡ jgbZ A lhrk cSfB ukfM+;ksa ds feyu fcanq ^czã
lksp jr vgbZ AA ja/kz* dks gh ;gk¡ v'kksd micu dgk x;k gSA
ogha ij v'kksd dk miou Hkh gS tgk¡ lhrk cSfB lksp jr jgbZ & xksLokehth us ;gk¡
Jhlhrkth 'kksp esa Mwch cSBh jgrh gSAa ekuo eu ij pqVdh yh gSA mudk vfHkizk; gS
^rg¡ vlksd micu tg¡ jgbZ lhrk*& ^t¡g jgbZ fd tks efr tho dks Hkxor~ 'kj.kkxfr vkSj
lhrk* dk HkkokFkZ gqvk tgk¡ lhrkth ¼lnSo½ ln~fopkjksa ds fpUru ds }kjk 'kksd jfgr j[krh
jgrh gSaA oLrqr% bl ^jgbZ* in ds fcuk Hkh gS ,oa mls 'kkfUr iznku djrh gS] ogh efr Lo;a
Hkko iwjk iwjk vkSj ,dne lgh cSBrk gSA fdUrq gh 'kksd esa fueXu gS] eksg yksHk :ih dqjax }kjk
xksLokehth us tkucw> dj ;gk¡ ^jgbZ* in Lo;a vigfjr gks xbZ gS] rc thou esa 'kkfUr
yxk;k gS rkfd ge yksxksa dks Jhlhrkth dk dgk¡\
¼'kkfUrLo:ik& HkfDr dk½ lgh vkSj LFkk;h irk nksgk& eSa ns[km¡ rqEg ukgha xh/kfg n`f"V
yx tk;sA ;g 'kkfUr vkSj dgha ugha feyrh] vikj A
dsoy ekuo efLr"d :ih f=dwV ds 'kksd jfgr cw<+ Hk;m¡ u r djrsm¡ dNqd lgk;
djus okys miou esa gh lnSo ^jgbZ* fcjkteku rqEgkj AA28AA
jgrh gSA lEikfrth us dgk fd eS ns[k jgk gw¡
igys gh ladr s fd;k Fkk fd bl rqe yksx ugha ns[k ikrs D;ksafd xh/k dh n`f"V
fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa of.kZr tks pkj xqQk;sa gsSa os vikj gksrh gSA eSsa cw<+k gks x;k gw¡] ugha rks rqe
oLrqr% vgadkj] fpÙk] eu vkSj cqf) dh yksxksa dh dqN lgk;rk vo'; gh djrkA
izrhdkRed gSa A ;gk¡ ^^fxfj danjk¡ lquh laikrh** eSa ns[km¡ rqEg ukgha & lEikfrth us ckYehfd
okyh xqQk dks larksa us cqf) ¼efr½ dk izrhd jkek;.k lxZ 58 esa dqN xw<+ ladr s fd;s gSa A
Lo:i ekuk gSA larksa dh ;g dksjh dYiuk ugha ogk¡ mUgksaus dgk gS fd eSa Kku n`f"V ls ns[krk
gSA xksLokehth us bu izrhdkas ds fo"k; esa fou; gw¡ ^Kkusu [kyq i';kfe n`"V~ok*4@58@26A
if=dk esa Li"V ladr s fd;s gSa A ogk¡ bl 'kjhj muds bl earO; ls Li"V gS fd mUgksaus v'kksd
:ih czãk.M esa] eu :ih e;&nkuo }kjk jfpr miou esa cSBh gqbZ lhrk dk tks o.kZu fd;k gS
vusdkusd izo`fÙk;ksa dks] Li"V 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks og vka[kksa ns[kk gqvk u gksdj Kku p{kqvksa ls
fo"k;ksa ds izfr vklfDr dks gh yadk dk fdyk vuqHko fd;k gqvk gS ¼D;ksafd ;s KkuekxhZ jgs
dgk gS A 'kjhj ds iapdks'k ¼KkusfUnz;k¡] gSa½A ogk¡ mUgksaus ;g Hkh mUgksaus crk;k fd x#M+
desZfUnz;k¡\½ gh blds lqUnj egy gaS A lr] jt dh Hkk¡fr ge yksxksa esa nwj rd ns[kus dh fnO;
vkSj re gh bl 'kjhj ds lsukifr gSa A bl 'kfDr gS ^^vLekdefi lkSi.kZa fnO;a p{kq%cZya
yadk esa eksg :ih jko.k] vagdkj :ih rFkk**4@58@31ok-jk- blh txg mUgksaus lksÌs';
dqEHkdj.k vkSj 'kkafr u"V djus okyk dke :ih fofHkUu if{k;ksa ds vkdk'k ekxZ dk o.kZu fd;k
es?kukn jgrs gSa& gS dgk fd ^^vkdk'k dk igyk ekxZ xkSjSs;ksa rFkk
^ôiq"k czãk.M lqizo`fÙk yadk nqxZ] jfpr eu nuqt e; vUu [kkus okys dcwrj vkfn if{k;ksa dk gSA
:i/kkjhA mlls Åij dk nwljk ekxZ dkSvksa rFkk o`{kksa ds
fofo/k dks'kS/k] vfr #fpj eafnj&fudj] lRoxq.k izeq[k =SdVd dkjhA Qy [kkdj jgus okys vU; if{k;ksa dk gSA
eksg n'kekSfy] rnzHkzr vgadkj] ikdkfjftr dke foJke mlls Hkh Å¡ps rhljs ekxZ ls phy] dkSap vkSj
gkjh**A3fou;58 dqjj vkfn i{kh tkrs gSaA ckt pkSFks ls vkSj
;gk¡ ;g f=dwV ioZr lr&jt&re xq.kksa ls xh/k ik¡pos ekxZ ls mM+rs gSaA :i] cy] ijkØe
vkPNUu cqf) dk izrhd gSA ml cqf) dks rFkk ;kSou ls lq'kksfHkr g¡lksa dk NBk ekxZ gSA
muls Hkh m¡ph mM+ku x#M+ dh gSA blds lkFk ^xh/kfg n`f"V vikj* tSls o.kZukas esa vkSj dqN
gh ,d pkSadkus okyh ckr Hkh dgh gS fd ^^gs blh rjg vU;= fijks;k gSA
okuj f'kjksef.k;ksa ! ge lc dk tUe x#M+ ls ^cw<+ Hk;m¡ u r djrsm¡ & lEikfrth us ;g
gh gqvk& oSurs;kPp uks tUe losZ”kka ckr Lo;a dh dUuh dkVus ds fy, dgh gSA vkSj
okuj”kZHkk%**A ns[ksa okYehfd jkek;.k 4@58@26 vkxs tkeoarth Hkh cw<+k x;k gw¡ okyh ckr
ls 29 'yksdA iqjk.kksa ds v/;;u drkZ tkurs gSa ^^tjB Hk;m vc dgb fjNslk**A blh Hkko
fd x#M+th Hkxoku fo".kq ds okgu gS ;kfu fd vkSj blh vankt esa dgsaxs ysfdu tkeoarth gh
lkehI; eqfDr vkSj nkl HkfDr ds ije ,dek= ,sls ;ks)k jgs gSa tks yadk&;q) eSnku esa
vf/kdkjh gSa ,oa Kkuh HkDrksa dh loksZifj Js.kh fdlh ls Hkh vkSj fdlh voLFkk esa Hkh ijkLr
Hkh mUgsa gh izkIr gS ^x#M+ egk X;kuh xqu jklh] ;k ewfNZr ugha gq;s gSa A vkSj lEikfrth Hkh
gfj lsod vfr fudV fuoklh*7@54@3 tkeoarth ds leku gh vR;Ur ijkØeh gSa A
x#M+th ds bl loZfofnr pfj= dks y{; djds ;fn okeukorkj esa tkeoarth us izHkq dh lkr
gh okYehfdth us ogk¡ jkek;.k esa budk mYys[k ifjØek,a yxkbZ Fkha ^^mHk; ?kjh eg¡ nhUgha lkr
pkj ckj fd;k gSA oLrqr% mijksDr if{k;ksa ds iznfPNu /kkb**4@29] rks lEikfrth us Lo;a
ekxZ dk tks o.kZu gS og mUgksaus izHkq ds dgk gS fd eSa ml ?kVuk dk ¼okeukorkj dk½
vkjk/kdksa dh fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa dks vkSj muds izR;{kn'khZ gw¡A izHkq us tgk¡ tgk¡ vius rhu ixs
}kjk vuql`r ekxksZa ¼vpZuk i)fr½ dks n'kkZus ds /kjs Fks] eSa ogkWa ekStwn Fkk ^^tkukfe
fy;s fd;k gSA ok#.kk¡Yyksdku~ fo".kksL=S foØekfufi**4@58@13
okYehfdth us tks lk/ku ekxksZa dh ckr ok-jk-A vkSj okYehfd jkek;.k esa of.kZr
if{k;ksa ds ek/;e ls dgh gS] mls gh xksLokehth ?kVukØe ds vuqlkj blh le; buds u;s i¡[k
us ekuoksa ds mnkgj.k ls] og Hkh izHkq ds Hkh mx vk;s& ^^mRisrrqLrnk i{kkS le{ka
eq[kkjfcUn ls mtkxj dh gSA izHkq us cupkfj.kke~**4@63@9A rkRi;Z gS fd loZ leFkZ
v;ks/;kokfl;ksa dks mins'k djrs gq, dgk& gksrs gq;s Hkh mUgksaus okujkas dh lgk;rk dsoy
^^lc ee fiz; lc ee mitk,] lc rs vf/kd euqt eksfg cpuksa ls gh dh] tSlkfd ,d xq# vius f'k";ksa
Hkk,**7@85@4A dk ekxZ n'kZu djrk gSA izR;{k lgk;rk u djus
ekul eeZKksa ds vuqlkj ;s lk/kkj.k euqt] dk ,d ek= dkj.k gS fd izHkq dh vkjk/kuk ;k
ckYehfd jkek;.k esa of.kZr dqDdqV i{kh gq,] HkfDr oLrqr% O;fDrxr fu"Bk ij
tksfd o`{k dh tM+ rd gh viuh thou o`fÙk vk/kkfjr gS] vkSj Lo;a ds }kjk gh lEikfnr
dks lhfer j[krs gSa ^fofgrk o`{kewys rq fd;s tkus okyk dk;Z gSA
o`fÙk'pj.k;ksf/kuke*~4@58@33 ok- jk- vc vkxs dk ^cw<+ Hk;m¡*& dgus esa ;g Hkh ladr s gS fd
feyku jketh ds dgs opuke`r ls djrs tk;sa& jkedkt ;k Hktu&iwtu tokuh ls gh fd;s tkus
^frUg eg¡ f}t* ¼xkSj¸;k½] f}t eg¡ Jqfr/kkjh pkfg;sA cq<+kis esa vkneh ykpkjh dk f’kdkj gks
¼dkS,½] frUg egq¡ fuxe /kje vuqlkjh ¼phy½A tkrk gSA
frUg eg¡ fiz; fcjä ¼ckt½ iqfu X;kuh ¼xh/k½] tks uk?kbZ lr tkstu lkxj A djb lks jke
X;kfugq rs vfr fiz; fcX;kuh ¼g¡l½] dkt efr vkxj AA
frUg rs iqfu eksfg fiz; fut nklk ¼x#M+th½] tks bl lkS ;kstu ds lkxj dks yk¡?kus
^tsfg xfr eksfj u nwlfj vklk*AA 7@85@4 ls esa leFkZ gS vkSj ije cqf)eku Hkh gS] ogh
7 okYehfd jkek;.k esa dgs Kku n`f"V vkSj Jhjke dk;Z lEiUu djsxk A vFkok tks lkS
fnO; n`f"V esa fufgr xw<+ Hkkoksa dks] fofHkUu ;kstu ds ¼Hko½ lkxj dks yk¡?k dj ¼e`R;q dh
lk/ku ekxksZa dks xksLokehth us dqN rks dqN rks vogsyuk djds Hkh½ jkedkt ¼ijksidkj½ djrk
gS ogh cqf)eku gS A
tks uk?kb lr tkstu lkxj & ^tks uk?kb* ,d dh rqyuk esa jke dFkkvksa dk foLrkj djus esa
opu gS] lEikrhth ladr s ns jgs gSa fd vki cgqr datwlh dh gSA u rks gesa Jhlhrkth ds
vusdksa esa ls dksbZ ,d gh] ftlesa vlhe cy ds tUe dh dFkk lqukbZ vkSj u gh guqekuth dk
lkFk gh viwoZ cqf) Hkh gS] ogh bl tksf[ke Hkjs thou pfj= gh lquk;k] cfYd JhdkfrZd; s th ds
jkedkt dks dj ik;sxkA /;ku jgs fd ekul esa tUe dh dFkk ds fo”k; esa viuk Li"V earO;
^lhrk lqf/k* in rks izHkq vkjk/kuk ;k HkfDr fn;k gSA
djus ds vFkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gS fdUrq ^jke ^^txq tku "kUeq[k tUeq deZq izrkiq iq#"kkjFkq
dkt* in ije iq#"kkFkZ ;qä ijksidkjh dk;Z ds egkA
fy;s dgk x;k gS ^^jke dkt dkju ruq rsfg gsrq eSa o`"kdsrq lqr dj pfjr ^laNis fg*
R;kxh**A dgk**AA1@103
^lr tkstu lkxj* & lHkh jkek;.kksa esa ^'kr iqjk.kksDr Hkxor dFkk;sa lHkh tkurs gSa vr%
;kstu* in gh iz;qDr gqvk gSA ;fn bldk mudk foLrkj ugha fd;k ijUrq jkedFkk ds lkFk
'kkfCnd vFkZ pkj lkS dksl djsaxs rks ge fy[kus lkFk] n'kZu 'kkL= ;k HkfDr ekxZ ds lw=ksa dks
dh ewy Hkkouk ls gh HkVd tk;sxaAs oLrqr% lr ijkslus esa dksbZ datwlh ugha dhA blds fy, Hkys
;kstu ds }kjk ekuo dh 'krk;q] lkS o"kZ dh mez gh mUgsa viuh dfork dh cfy Hkh nsuh iM+h
dh vksj ladr s fd;k x;k gSA lkxj ls tSlsfd fo"ke rqdkUrksa ls ¼nwrk dk iquhrk½ Hkko
vfHkizk;% ^Hko lkxj* ;kus tho dh lalkj ;k=k Hksn ls ¼Nu ,d lksp exu gqb jgs½ vkSj rks
ls gSA xksLokehth us fou; if=dk ds in 58 esa vkSj O;kdj.k nsk"k ls Hkh ¼eje cpu tc lhrk
bldh vksj ladr s djrs gq;s dgk gS fd tho dk cksyk½ rks nh gSA ,sls R;kxh lar dHkh dHkk/k gh
nsgkfHkeku gh vR;Ur Hk;adj vFkkg vikj vorfjr gksrs gSaA
nqLrj lkxj gSA ftlesa jkx }s"k vkSj dkeuk eksfg fcyksfd /kjgq eu /khjk A jke dìk¡
vkfn ds vusd ?kfM+;ky Hkjs gSa vkSj mlesa
vklfDr rFkk ladYiksa dh ygjsa mB jgh gSa&
dl Hk;m ljhjk AA
okujksa dks grksRlkfgr lk ns[k lEikfrth
^dqui&vfHkeku ^lkxj* Hk;adja ?kksj] foiqy
us dgk fd vki yksx eq>s ns[kdj gh vius eu
voxkg nqLrj vikja
esa n`<+rk /kkj.k djsa A Lo;a ns[ksa fd jketh dh
uØ jkxkfn&ladqy euksjFk ldy] lax ladYi dìk ls esjk 'kjhj dSlk ¼ia[k mx vkus ls
ohph&fodkja* fo-i- 58@3 lqUnj½ gks x;k gS A
djb lks jkedkt efr vkxj & ^djb* in eksfg fcyksfd /kjgq eu /khjk & bl ^/kjgq eu
orZeku dky dk cks/kd gSA vFkZ gqvk¾djrk gS /khjk* dFku esa Li"V ladr s gS fd lkS ;kstu ds
^djb* lnk uì lc dS lsok*1@154@8 lkxj dks yk¡?kus dh ckr lqudj vf/kdka'k
^lh; lklq izfr cs"k cukbZ] lknj ^djb* lfjl okujksa ds eq[k e.My eqj>k x;s A fdUrq mlh
lsodkbZ*2@251@2 rkRi;Z gqvk fd tks nsg ;k le; izHkq dìk ls lEikfrth ds 'kjhj esa u;s
izk.k dk eksg R;kx dj jkedkt djrk gS] ogh dksey i¡[k mxus yxs ^î';Urq i{kkS es tkrkS
Js"B cqf) okyk gSA ^jkedkt* in ls ekul dk uwrukofrdkseykS**4@8@53 v-jk- vr% mUgksaus
D;k vfHkizk; gS] bls blds iwoZ Hkh fy[kk tk vius mxrss gq;s uohu ia[kksa dh vksj /;ku
pqdk gSA ,d iafDr essa dgsa rks lef"V ds fgr esa vkdf"kZr djus gsrq êksfg fcyksfd* dgkA vkSj
Lo;a dks lefiZr djds tks dk;Z fd;k tk;s ogh <k<+l ca/kk;k fd bl peRdkj dks ns[kdj gh
^jkedkt* gS ^^lar fcVi lfjrk fxfj /kjuh] vki yksx lkS ;kstu yka?kus dh fgEer cVksjas]
ijfgr gsrq lcUg dS djuh**7@124@6 jke dkt djus gsrq ân; esa n`<+rk yk,a A
xksLokehth vkt Hkh gesa ^jkedkt* djus
ds fy;s izsfjr dj jgsa gSaA mUgksaus vU; jkek;.kksa
jke dìk¡ dl Hk;m ljhjk & lEikfrth us Lo;a ;g mins'k fd;k gSA vkSj xksLokehth us ogh
dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq;s dgk fd vHkh dqN nsj uke Lej.k dh egÙkk] lkFkZdrk ;gk¡ ge yksxksa
igys gh vki yksx esjs loZFkk vleFkZ vkSj ia[k dks crkbZ gS&
foghu 'kjhj dks mBk dj fla/kq rV rd yk;s Fks vfr vikj Hkolkxj rjgha & vHkh ^tks uk?kb
A pUnzek eqfu us tks opu lr;qx esa dgs Fks] lr tkstu lkxj* dh Vhdk esa lr ;kstu dks
muds vuqlkj vkils HksaV gks xbZA eq>s lhrkth ekuo dh lkS o"kZ dh vk;q dk vkSj lkxj dks
ds n'kZu gks x;sA vkSj esjs u;s i¡[k Hkh te lalkjlkxj dk |ksrd Bgjk;k Fkk A blh rF;
x;sA vr% eqfu ds opukuqlkj lhrkth ls vki dks vkSj lqLi"V djus ds fy;s gh xksLokehth us
yksxksa dh Hkh HksaV vo'; gksxhA esjs ia[kksa dk ;gk¡ ^Hkolkxj* in iz;qDr fd;k gSA ogk¡
te tkuk ¼mxuk½ gh jke dìk dh vuqdy w rk lkeF;Zoku okuj ohjksa dks yk¡?kus dh ^tks uk?kb*
dks fl) djrk gSA FkksM+k /khjt j[k dj iz;Ru dh lEefr nh xbZ FkhA fdUrq ;gk¡ ge dfy;qxh
djsxsa rks Jhlhrkth ds n'kZu vo'; gksxa&s ekuoksa dks ^rjgha* ;kus 'kuS% 'kuS% rSj dj ikj
^^loZFkk fØ;rka ;Ru% lhrkef/kxfe";FkA dj tkus dh dgh gSA vkSj ^lqejgha* ds }kjk
i{k ykHkks eek;a o% flf) izR;; fujUrj ¼lrr½ jke Lej.k djus dh lEefr nh
dkjd%**AA4@63@12ok-jk- gSA
ikfim tkdj uke lqejghaA vfr vikj rklq nwr rqEg rft dnjkbZA jkeq ân;¡ /kfj
Hkolkxj rjghaAA djgq mikbZAA
vki yksx ml loZ leFkZ ds nwr gks
ikih Hkh ftl jkeuke dk Lej.k djds
vr% viuh dk;jrk dk ifjR;kx djds vkSj
vR;Ur vikj Hko lkxj ls rj tkrs gSa A
ân; esa Jhjketh dks /kkj.k djds mik; djsa A
vFkok] ikih Hkh ftl jke uke dk Lej.k djsxsa
rks vR;Ur vikj Hko lkxj ls eqDr gks tk;saxs rklq nwr rqEg rft dnjkbZ & lEikfrth ds
A izlax&izos'k ds ckn ls gh ^rklq* in dk iz;ksx
3 ckj gks x;k gSA ^rklq* vkSj ^rklq nwr* ds
ikfim tkdj uke lqejgha & lEikfrth us
}kjk lEikfrth us ckj ckj Lej.k djk;k gS fd
le>k;k fd esjs ia[k] Hkys gh] jketh dh dìk
vkids Lokeh lk{kkr~ ijkRij czã gh gS& ^^=srk
ds dkj.k] lhrk vEck ds izR;{k n'kZuksa dh otg
czã euqt ruq /kfjgha] ^rklq* ukfj fuflpj ifr
ls vkSj vki yksxksa ds lalxZ ls tesa gksa A fdUrq
gfjgha**A vkSj l{ke Lokeh ds nwr Hkh l{ke
ftuds vki nwr gks] Hkfo”; esa rks mu izHkq dk
vkSj lq;ksX; tu gh gksrs gSaA blhfy;s esjs ia[k
uke lqfej.k djds gh ?kksj ikih Hkh] ftuds
Hkh vki yksxksa ds feyus ls gh tes gSaA pUnzek
fy;s Hko lkxj ikj djus dh dYiuk djuk Hkh
eqfu us ,slk gh dgk Fkk ^^rklq* [kkst iBbfg
nq"dj gS] rj tk;sax&s ^^dfytqx dsoy gfj xqu
izHkq nwrk] frUgfg feysa rSa gksc iquhrk**A tc izHkq
xkgk] xkor uj ikofga Hko Fkkgk**7@102@4
ds uke lqfej.k ek= ls gh ikih ;fn Hko lkxj
foo'krko'k Hkh ;fn budk uke eqag ls mPpkj.k
ikj gks ldrk gS rc vki yksx rks muds
gks tk;sxk rks vusd tUeksa ds iki feV tk;sxsa
dìkik= nwr gksA vr% eu esa O;kIr dk;jrk dk
^^fcclgq¡* tklq uke uj dggha ] tue vusd
ifjR;kx djds jkedkt esa yx tkosa A
jfpr v?k nggha**A vkSj ;fn ^lknj* lqfej.k
djsxsa rks Hkolkxj dks] xk; dk [kqj yk¡?kus ds bl ^^rqEg rft dnjkbZ** esa Jhxhrkth
leku] yk¡?k tk;sxas ^^lknj* lqfeju ts uj ds bl izfl) 'yksd&
djgha] Hko ckfjf/k xksin bo rjgha* 1@118@4 ^^DySC;a ek Le xe% ikFkZ
ftl izdkj xq# ;k vkpk;Z f’k”; dks tki ea= uSrÙo¸;qii|rsA
nsrk gS lEikfrth us mlh izdkj bu okujksa dks
{kqnza ân; nkScZY;a R;d~RoskfÙk"B vl dfg ;kus Jhjketh dks ân; esa
ijUri**AA2@3 /kkj.k dj mik; djks ,slk dg dj] gs x#M+
dk lEiw.kZ Hkko lek;k gqvk gSA ogk¡ dgus okys th ! os x#M+ tkfr ds gh xh/k lEikfrth tc
lk{kkr~ ukjk;.k gSa ,oa vius l[kk vtZqu ls pys x;s] vk¡[kksa ls nwj vks>y gks x;s] rc mu
dM+h ckr dgus dk mUgsa vf/kdkj gSA vr% ogk¡ okujksa ds eu esa vR;Ur foLe; gqvkA
dM+k ^DySC;a* in vFkkZr~ uiqaldrk dks er izkIr vl dfg x#M+ xh/k tc x;Å & ;gk¡ ^x#M+*
gks yxk gSA vkSj ;gk¡ ,d in nsus ds nks Hkko gSaA ,d rks] lwfpr fd;k fd
lk/kd lk/kdksa ls dg jgk gS] vr% dgus dk ;gk¡ ;g dFkk dkdHkq'kqf.Mth egkjkt x#M+th
Hkko rks ogh gS fdUrq fdafpr~ dkseyrk fy;s gq;s dks lEcksf/kr dj lquk jgs gSa ^^dgk HkqlqafM
gSa] vr% ^dnjkbZ* in iz;qDr gqvk gS A c[kkfu lquk fcgx uk;d x#M+**A1@120 vr%
jkeq ân; /kfj djgq mikbZ & jketh vf[ky gs x#M+ ! dgkA nwljs esa] x`/k lEikfrth o
fo'o dh vUrjkRek gS vkSj os gh lnSo lcds x#M+th ,d gh oa'k ijEijk ls gSa] bls n'kkZus
ân; esa fuokl djrs gSa] ekul esa ;g rF; ds fy;s Hkh ;gk¡ x#M+ xh/k dgk x;kA ;fn ;gk¡
vusd txg vkSj vusd izdkj ls fy[kk feysxk ^x#M+* in ugha fn;k tkrk rks ekul esa x#M+th
îqfu lcZX; lcZ mj cklh] lcZ :i lc jfgr vkSj lEikfrth ,d gh oa'k ds gSa] ;g lEcU/k
mnklh* 5@49@3 ;k îzd`fr ikj izHkq lc mj :ih vR;ko';d tkudkjh izdV gh ugha gks
cklh] czã fujhg fcjt vfcuklh* 7@71@7A ikrhA ckYehfd jkek;.k esa rks bl oa'k ijEijk
rc ;gk¡ ^jkeq ân; /kfj* dgus dk fo'ks"k dk [kqyklk tVk;qth ds izlax esa gh fey tkrk
iz;kstu D;k gS \ ¼1½ Jhjketh gh ijkRij czã gSA ogk¡ tVk;qth us vius ifjp; esa jketh dks
ds vorkj gSa] txr ds fu;Urk gSa] eu esa bl czãk }kjk jfpr l`f"V dh vkfn ls dFkk lqukrs
ckr dk Lej.k cuk jgus ls fpUrk eqDr jgsx sa gq;s dgk gS fd ^fourk ds nks iq= gq;s] x#M+
A ¼2½ jketh dks ân; esa /kkj.k djus ls eu esa vkSj v#.k*] mUgha fourkuUnu v#.k ¼v#.k
dk;jrk Hkh ugha jgsxh] mudk lacy cuk jgsxkA lw;Z ds lkjfFk gSa½ ls eSa rFkk esjs cM+s HkkbZ
,oa ¼3½ lQyrk Hkh izHkq dh dìk ds dkj.k] os lEikfrth mRiUu gq;s&^^}kS iq=ks fourk;kLrq
ân; esa fcjkteku jgs blfy;s feyh gS] ;g x#M+ks·#.k ,o pA
Hkko cuk jgus ls vagdkj ugha mitsxkA rLekTtkrks·ge#.kkr~ lEikfr'p
Jhguqekuth egkjkt bl xq# ea= dk eekxzt%**AA3@14@33ok-jk-
lnSo ikyu djrs gSaA mudh ân; xqgk esa rks okYehfd jkek;.k esa ;gk¡ lEikfrth us Lo;a dgk
jketh lnSo fcjkteku ekus x;s gSa ^^tklq ân; gS fd ^^gs okuj f'kjksef.k;ksa! ge lc dk tUe
vkxkj clfga jke lj pki /kj**1@17 fdUrq x#M+ ls gh gqvk gS& ^ôSurs;kPp uks tUe
tc os fdf"dU/kk ls pys Fks rHkh mUgksaus izHkq dks losZ"kka okuj"kZZHkk%**4@58@29ok-jk-A vr% x#M+
n; esa /kkj.k fd;k Fkk ^^pysm ân; o xh/k esa ;g tkfrxr lEcU/k n'kkZus ds fy;s
/kfjdìkfu/kkuk**A vkSj tc leqnzksYya?ku djuk gh ;gk¡ fo’ks”kdj ^x#M+* in fn;k x;k gSA
Fkk rc Hkh mUgksaus ân; esa jketh dks fcjkteku xksLokehth ^^vjFkq vfer vfr vk[kj
djk;k Fkk ^^pysm gjf"k fg;¡ /kfj j?kqukFkk** Fkksjs** }kjk ckr j[kus esa vR;Ur fuiq.k gSaA ,d
5@0@4A blhfy;s os ;g ckr fujgadkj Hkko ls ^x#M*+ vkSj ^x;Å* in nsdj ;g Hkh lwfpr
dg lds& dj fn;k fd lEikfrth vius iq.;ksn; ds cy
ij iqu% x#M+ yksd vFkkZr~ cSd.q B/kke pys x;sA
^^lks lc rc izrki j?kqjkbZ] ukFk u dNq eksfj
,slk blfy;s dgk tk jgk gS fd foxr izlaxksa esa
izHkqrkbZ**5@32@9A
tks Hkh O;fä x;k gS] tgk¡ Hkh x;k gS ogk¡
vl dfg x#M+ xh/k tc x;Å A frUg dsa mlds xarO; LFkku dks vo'; lwfpr fd;k x;k
eu vfr fcle; Hk;Å AA
gSA tSlsfd Lo;aizHkkth cnjhou xbZa ^^cnjhcu* ek;k ls vkPNUu ekrk dkS'kY;kth us Hkh tc
dgq¡ lks xbZ izHkq vX;k /kfj lhl**] 'kjHkaxth izHkq ds fo'o:i n'kZu ik;s rc mUgsa fole;oar
^^jke dìk ^cSd.q B* fl/kkjk* 'kcjhth ^gfj in gh dgk x;k gS& ^^fcle;oar nsf[k egrkjh] Hk,
yhu Hkb tg¡ ufga fQjs*] vkSj ckyh ^jke ckfy cgqfj fllq:i [kjkjh**1@201@6A
fut /kke iBkok** blh izdkj lEikfrth dgk¡ fut fut cy lc dkgw¡ Hkk"kk A ikj tkb
x;s bldk fooj.k Hkh gesa feyuk pkfg, FkkA dj lal; jk[kk AA
HkDr izoj x#M+th dk fuR;fuokl cSd.q B /kke vius&vius cy dk lc fdlh us dFku
dgk x;k gS ^^x;m x#M+ oSdq.B rc ân;¡ jkf[k ¼c;ku½ fd;k fdUrq lHkh us lkxj ikj dj tkus
j?kqohj**A 7@125 fQj fof'k"Vk}Srokn ;k esa lUnsg gh O;Dr fd;k A
'kq)k}Srokn ds erkuqlkj Hkh thokRek dh pje fut fut cy lc dkgw¡ Hkk"kk & Li"V gS fd
ifj.kfr cSd.q B gh ekuh xbZ gSA fdUrq lEikfrth lEikfrth dks u;s ia[kksa ds lax mM+rs ns[k dj
dk blds ckn D;k gqvk] bldk fooj.k fdlh foLe;oar rks t:j gq;s ijUrq izHkq dh izHkqrk ij
Hkh xzUFk ;k iqjk.k esa i<+us dks ugha feyrk gSA mUgsa vHkh Hkh fo'okl ugha gqvkA cfYd lkS
ijUrq budh oa'kkoyh ls lEcfU/kr tks mijksDr ;kstu yk¡?kus ;kus thou dks nk¡o ij yxkus dh
nks ladr s okYehfdth us viuh jkek;.k esa dj ckr ls gh lcdss eu&efLr"d vkØkUr gSaA vr%
j[ks gSa] os lksís'; ;gh fj'rk crkus gsrq gh fd;s bl dk;Z ls fi.M NqM+kus ds fy;s lc fdlh us
x;s gSaA vkSj xksLokehth us ^^x#³ xh/k tc viuk viuk cy de djds gh crk;kA ^^fut
x;m** esa ^x#³* vkSj ^x;m* in nsdj viuh fut cy** dgus esa xksLokehth dk D;k vfHkizk;
'kSyh ls mudk oSd.q B /kke tkuk lwfpr fd;k bls fuEuksDr nksgs ls le>k tk ldrk gS&
gSA ^^,d Hkjklks ,d cy] ,d vkl
frUg ds eu vfr fcle; Hk;Å & fofLer gksus fo'oklA
dk lh/kk lk dkj.k rks ;gh gS fd ftl ,d jke ?ku L;ke fgr] pkrd
viax&vlgk; lEikfrth dks os yksx oLrqr% rqylhnkl**AAnksgk0277
ceqf'dy mBkdj] ykndj] fla/kqrV rd yk;s Li"V gS fd izHkq ds izfr ,slk Hkjkslk] ,slk cy
Fks& ^êksfg yS tkgq fla/kq rV nsm¡ frykatfy vkSj ,slk fo'okl buesa ugha gSA oLrqr% Kkuh
rkfg**] os gh fo'kky ioZrkdkj lEikfrth vc gh futcy ds Hkjkslks jgrs gSa vkSj lefiZr Hkä
vius u;s mxs gq;s ia[kksa ds lgkjs mM+dj nwj dks jketh Lo;a viuk cy iznku djrs gSa
vkdk'k esa lcdh vk¡[kksa ls vks>y gks x;s vr% ^^tufga ¼Hkä½ eksj cy ^fut cy
foLe; gksuk LokHkkfod gh gSA fdUrq ;gk¡ ^^vfr rkgh**¼Kkuh½3@42@9 Hkä jkeHkjksls dj
fcle;** fy[kk gqvk gS vkSj 'kkL=ksa ds xqtjrk gS vkSj Kkuh fparu esa gh my>s jgrs
erkuqlkj lk/kdks esa g"kZ&nq%[k&foLe; vkfn ds gSaA
m}sxksa dk vfr lapkj gksuk vifjiDork dh ikj tkb dj lal; jk[kk & ckYehfd o v/;kRe
fu'kkuh ekuh xbZ gS ^^lq[k gj"kfg tM+ nq[k jkek;.k ds o.kZukuqlkj] vaxnth ds iwNus ij
fcy[kkgh] nksm le /khj /kjfg eu ekgha** ,d&,d djds lHkh okujksa us viuh viuh
2@149@7 jketh dks rks tc jktfryd dh {kerkvksa dks O;ä fd;k& vr% ^lc dkgw¡ Hkk"kk*
txg cuokl feyk rc Hkh os g"kZ nq%[k foLe; dgk x;kA izFke xt okuj us nl ;kstu yka?kus
ls ijs gh jgs ^^firq vk;l Hkw"ku clu rkr dh dgh vkSj Øe'k% nl nl ;kstu c<+rs gq;s
rts j?kqchjA fclem gj"kq u ân;¡ dNq ifgjs var esa tkeoarth us Lo;a esa uCcs ¼90½ ;kstu
cydy phj**2@165A oLrqr% ;gk¡ ^vfr yka?k ldus dh 'kfä crkbZ ^ûofra ;kstukuka rq
fcle;* in nsdj xksLokehth us psrk;k fd ;s xfe”;kfe u la’k;**4@65@13 ok-jk-A fdUrq
okujx.k vHkh Hkh izHkq dh ek;k ds o'khHkwr gSaA ekul esa tkeoarth dk o.kZu dqN fHkUu izdkj
ls gqvk gS] ftldk fooj.k vxyh pkSikbZ esa in gfr* Hkkyqifr izHkq ifga x;ks**A6@98@Nan
ns[kus dks feysxkA ;gk¡ dk ^lal; jk[kk* in blfy;s izFke n`f"V esa rks ;gh yxsxk fd bUgksaus
lwfpr djrk gS fd ;g la'k; tkucw> dj Hkh tkucw> dj o`)koLFkk dk cgkuk djds]
^jk[kk* j[kk gqvk gSA bl la’k; ds fo"k; esa leqnz yk¡?kus esa viuh vleFkZrk trkbZ gSA fdUrq
Jhxhrkth esa dgk x;k gS fd tks foosdghu] buds dgus esa dkj.k nwljk gS] tkeoarth cqf)
J)kjfgr vkSj la’k; ;qä euq"; gksrs gSa os iznkrk HkkX;fo/kkrk czãkth ds v'kakorkj gSaA
ijekFkZ ls vo'; Hkz"V gks tkrs gSa xksLokehth us Hkh bl rF; dh vksj ladr s fd;k
^^vK'pkJí/kku'p ^la'k;kRek* gS& ^tkfu jke lsok ljl leqf> djc vuqeku
fou';fr*4@40A oLrqr% ;s lHkh iz[;kr lqHkV A
gSa fdUrq la'k;kRed cqf) ds dkj.k gh leqnz iqj"kk ¼czãkth½ rs lsod ¼tkEcokuth½ Hk, gj ¼'kadjth½
yka?kus ds dk;Z ls drjk jgs gSa] bls gh ^lal; rs Hks guqeku*AA nksgk113A vr,o bUgsa Kkr gS
jk[kk* in ls lwfpr fd;kA fd bl dk;Z ds fy;s fdls fufeRr cuk;k x;k
fdUrq okujkfn }kjk viuh {kerk dks gSA blhfy;s tSls vHkh lEikfrth us ckrksa ls gh
de iznf'kZr djus dh Hkkouk ;g Hkh n'kkZrh gS Vjdk;k Fkk ^^cpu lgk; djfc eSa iSggq [kkstgq
fd bu lk/kdksa esa vgadkj drbZ ugha gSA tkfg** oSls gh bUgksaus Hkh o`)koLFkk dk cgkuk
tSlkfd /kuq"k ;K ds volj ij jktkvksa ds ysdj Vkyk gSA ;ksa Hkh cqM~<s yksx ekSr ls vkSj
dk;Z dykiksa esa >ydrk gS ^^refd rkfd rfd tksf[ke mBkus ls Mjrs gSa fdUrq budk Vkyuk
flo/kuq /kjgha] mBb u dksfV Hkk¡fr cyq djgha**A ;qokoxZ dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s gSA
;k fQj izk;% jko.k ds mn~xkjksa esa feyrh gS& tcfga f=fcØe Hk, [kjkjh A rc eSa r#u
^tfu tYifl tM+ tarq dfi lB jgsm¡ cy Hkkjh AA
fcyksdq ee ckgq A tc [kj&f=fljkfn ds 'k=q ;kus ;s
yksdiky cy fciqy lfl xzlu gsrq Jhjketh gh Hkxoku okeu cus ¼vorfjr gq;s½
lc jkgq* AA6@22 rc esjh r#.kkbZ voLFkk Fkh vkSj 'kjhj esa
;ksa lEikfrth ds dgs ^tks uk?kb* in esa Hkh ,d vR;Ur cy Hkh FkkA
O;fDr fo'ks"k ds fy;s gh funsZ'k FkkA okujksa dh tcfga f=fcØe Hk, [kjkjh & tkeoarth o;kso`)
lksp gSa fd og fo'ks"krk geesa ugha gS vr% gSa ¼^tjB Hk;m¡* dgk Hkh gS½] dgkor gS fd
lcus ^îkj tkb dj lal; jk[kk**A lfB;k;k vkneh ,d gh ckr ckjckj nksgjkrk
tjB Hk;m¡ vc dgb fjNslk A ufga ru jgk gSA bUgksaus izkjEHk esa gh dgk gS fd jketh ds
izFke cy yslk AA Lo:i esa fuxqZ.k fujkdkj loZleFkZ czã gh
tc lcus viuk&viuk cy dg lquk;k vorfjr gq;s gSa ^rkr jke dgq¡ uj tfu ekugq]
rc _{kjkt tkeoarth dks dguk iM+k fd eSa fuxqZu czã vftr vt tkugq*A buds dgs
vc o`) gks x;k gw¡ A 'kjhj esa igys ¼tokuh½ opuksa esa ;Fks"V izHkko Mkyus ds fy;s mlh le;
okys cy dk ys'kek= Hkh ugha jgkA ukV~;eap ij lEikfrth i/kkj x;s FksA mUgksaus
^tjB Hk;m¡ vc dgb fjNslk* & ekul dk Hkh bUgha dh Hkk"kk nksgjkbZ ^^=srk czã euqt
Lok/;k; djus okys tkurs gSa fd ;s _{kjkt ruq /kfjfg**A vkSj mlh le; izHkq us Hkh dìk
tkeoarth gh ,dek= ,sls ik= gSa] ftUgsa lewps dh] lc ds le{k ia[k teus okyh foLe;dkjh
jke&jko.k laxkz e esa dksbZ Hkh iV[kuh ugha ns ?kVuk ?kVk nhA fodykax lEikfrth Hkh mM+dj
ldkA es?kukn tSls ek;kch dks rks bUgksaus ?kqek vk¡[kksa ls vks>y gks x;sA bruk lc dqN lcds
?kqekdj iV[kk gS ^êkfjfl es?kukn dS Nkrh] ijk Hkwfe lkeus gqvk ijUrq fu"d"kZ ds :i esa ogh ^<kd
?kqfeZr lqj?kkrh**6@73@7A vkSj jko.k dks Hkh ykrksa ds rhu ikr* okyh ely fn[kkbZ nh] ikj tkus
gh ykrksa ls ekjk gS ^êqjfNr fcyksfd ^cgksfj ds fy;s dksbZ rS;kj ugha gqvkA vr,o o;kso`)
tkeoarth dks bu yksxksa ds le{k osnJqfr lEer lEikfrth gSa ^^tkukfe ok#.kkaYyksdku~ fo".kksL=S
vorkj fo”k;d Lo;a dk xqIr vuqHko izdV foØekufi**4@58@13 ok-jk-A ogh ewy ckr
djkuk iM+kA ml vorkj esa izHkq okeu ls ;gk¡ tkeoarth ds eq[kkjfoUn ls fudyh gSA
fojkV gq;s Fks] rhu ix esa czãk.M dks uki fy;k xksLokehth us ^f=fcØe* ds lkFk
FkkA os gh izHkq bl jkekorkj esa Hkh ^[kjkjh* in iz;qDr djds nksuksa vorkjksa esa ;Fkk
[kj&f=f'kjkfn ds lax ;q) esa ,d ls pkSng Hkä izg~ykn ds ikS= jk{kljkt cfy ds m)kj
gtkj :iksa esa ifjofrZr gq;s gSa& gsrq gq;s okeukorkj esa ,oa [kj&nw"k.k&f=f'kjk
^^lqj Mjr ^pkSng lgl izsr* fcyksfd ,d vo/k vkfn nq"Vksa ds lagkj gsrq gq;s jkekorkj esa
/kuhA vfHkUurk n'kkZ;h gS A ns[kk tk;s rks bl v)kZyh
lqjeqfu lHk; izHkq nsf[k ek;kukFk vfr dkSrqd esa xhrk ds vorkjokn gsrq dgs x;s 'yksd
fd;ksaA ^îfj=k.kk; lk/kwuka fouk'kk; p nq"d`rke~**4@8A
ns[kfga ijlij jke dfj laxkz e fjiq ny yfj dk lEiw.kZ Hkko lek;k gqvk gSA jktk cfy
ej;ks**AA3@20@Nan oLrqr%
f=fodze vkSj jketh ,d gSa bls n’kkZus ds fy;s lk/kq oxZ ds gSa vkSj okeukorkj nsorkvksa ds
;gk¡ ^[kjkjh* in Hkh yxk;kA m)kj ds fy;s gh gqvk FkkA vkSj [kj
^f=fcØe*& ekrk ikoZrh us Hkxoku 'kadj tksfd nw"k.k&f=f'kjk nq"V gSa] lk/kqvksa dks [kk;s tk jgs
Kku?kkV ds vkpk;Z Hkh gSa] vuqjks/k fd;k Fkk fd Fks ^^fuflpj fudj ldy eqfu [kk,** vr%
mUgsa tks Hkxor yhyk lqukbZ tk;s og osn buds fouk'k ds fy, jkekorkj ysuk iM+kA
Jqfr;ksa ls lEer ¼fupksfj½ gks ^cjugq j?kqcj tkeoarth d`".kkorkj esa Hkh Fks A ogk¡ mUgksaus
fcln tlq Jqfr fl)kUr ^fupksfj*1@109A ;g¡k Hkxoku Jhd`".k dh Lrqfr djrs gq;s dgk gS fd
iz;qDr ^f=fcØe* in ,slk gh gSA bldk mYys[k vki gh esjs b"V nso Jhjke gSa A ftUgksaus lsrq
gekjs lHkh osnksa esa vkSj iqjk.k Jqfr;ksa esa Hkh cka/k dj yadk fot; dh] ;'k mTtoy fd;k]
feyrk gSA fo'ks"kdj vorkjokn ds fl)kUr dks vius ck.kksa ls jk{klksa ds fljksa dks dkV dj
iq"V djus ds fy;s& i`Foh ij fxjk fn;k&
^îzfr ;qxa oiq/kZÙks f=foØekfnda ^^lsrq d`r% Lo;'k mTtofyrk p yadk
gfj%A j{k% f'kjkf'k Hkqfo isrq fj"k{krkfu**AAJhen
xksika es/kkfrfFkczwZrs fo".kqa /keZL; Hkk-10@56@28
j{kde~~**AA blh lUnHkZ esa xksLokehth dk ;g nksgk
vFkkZr~%& Hkxoku Jhgfj ;qx&;qx esa /keZ j{kk.kkFkZ Hkh cM+s dke dk gSA yksx Hkys gh bls vU;
okeukfn ds :i esa 'kjhj vFkksZa esa ysrs gksa ijUrq bldk okLrfod rkRi;Z
/kkj.k fd;k djrs gSaA _f"k es/kkfrfFk ^xksik* dks bu nksuksa vorkjksa esa vfHkUurk n'kkZuk gh gS&
;kus Jhd`".k :i esa fo".kq dks /keZ j{kd crkrs ^^dgk dgks Nfc vkidh Hkys cus gks
gSa A ukFk A
lHkh osnksa esa dgus dk vfHkizk;% gS fd rqylh eLrd rc uoS tks /kuq"k cku ykS
_Xosn dh ftl _pk dks okeu vorkj dh gkFk**AA
dFkk dk lwpd ekuk x;k gS ogh _pk pkjksa rc eSa r#u jgsm¡ cy Hkkjh & tkeoarth ds
osnksa dh lafgrkvksa ,oa czkã.k xzUFkksa esa Hkh leku dgs bu mn~xkjksa esa ^^vc tc vkSj rc** bu
:i ls feyrh gS& rhu inksa dk mYys[k gqvk gS tks fd 'kjhj dh
^^=hf.k ink fopØesa fo".kqxksZik vnkH;%A vrks fuR; izfr {kh.k gksus okyh rhuksa
/kekZf.k /kkj;u~**A _ 1@22@18 blh osn lEer fLFkfr;ksa@voLFkkvksa dk fnXn'kZu djkrk gSA ;gk¡
rÙo dks okYehfd jkek;.k esa dgus okys ^tcfga* in dk Hkko gS fd tc Hkh lkeF;Z jgsa
rc gh vfoyEc bu jkedkt :ih rhFkkZVu] Hkwyksd vkSj LoxZ yksd dks uki fy;kA ukius ds
nku] ;Kkfn ijekfFkZd dk;ksZa dks lEiUu dj fy;s izHkq dk rhljk ix vHkh Hkh mBk gqvk gS]
ysuk pkfg;sA tjB voLFkk esa rks lHkh dks ;g ns[kdj ije Hkkxor cfy us izHkq dh
ykpkjh gh Hkksxuh iM+sxhA 'kj.kkxfr xzg.k djrs gq;s] mls vius eLrd ij
nksgk& cfy ck¡/kr izHkq ck<+sm lks ruq /kjok fy;kA cfy dh bl HkxofUu"Bk ls izlUu
cjfu u tkb A gksdj izHkq us mls jlkry dk v{k;&jkT; iznku
fd;k ,oa mlds vkxzg ij] Lo;a Hkh lnSo ds
mHk; ?kjh eg¡ nhUgha lkr
fy;s] mldh njckuh esa jguk Lohdkj dj
iznfPNu /kkb AA29AA fy;kA vc lqfoK ikBd Lo;a gh fopkj dj
nkuosUnz cfy dks mlh ds opuksa esa ns[ksa fd oLrqr% fdlus fdldksa cka/kk gS\ vkSj
cka/krs le; izHkq bruk c<+s] Lo;a dk bruk ;gk¡ xksLokehth dk ^^cfy cka/kr izHkq** 'kCn
foLrkj fd;k] fd ml 'kjhj dk o.kZu djuk la;kstu fdruk lkFkZd gSA nksgkoyh esa mUgksaus
lEHko gh ugha gS fdUrq viuh r#.kkoLFkk ds Li"V fy[kk gS fd Hkys vkneh ls Ny djus ij
dkj.k] eSaus nkSM+ dj nks ?kM+h esa gh ml fojkV~ Ny djus okys dks gh vk;qi;ZUr ncdj jguk
Lo:i dh lkr ifjØek,a yxk yhaA iM+rk gSA tSls oÙnk vkt Hkh rqylh ds :i esa
cfy ck¡/kr izHkq ck<+sm & nkuosUnz cfy dks opuksa izHkq ds eLrd ij fojkteku gSa rks cfy ds ;gk¡
esa cka/kus ds fy;s gh okeukorkj gqvk FkkA bl Hkxoku okeu dks njckuh djuh iM+ jgh gS
dFkk dk lkjka'k gS fd jktk cfy HkDrjkt fdUrq rc Hkh eu dh Xykfu FkksM+s gh feV ldrh
izg~ykn ds ikS= ,oa nkuojkt fojkspu ds iq= gaS gS & ^^Hkyks Hkys lksa Ny fd,¡ tue
vkSj Lo;a gh egkHkkxor gSaA brus ijkØeh Hkh dukSM+ks gksbA
gaS fd bUgksaus bUnz dks ijkLr dj LoxZ ij Jhifr flj rqylh ylfr cfy ckou xfr
viuk vkf/kiR; tek fy;kA LoxZ ij nkuoksa dk lksb**AA395
vf/kdkj ges'kk ds fy;s cuk jgs] bl mn~ns'; ^^fccq/k dkt ckou cfyfg Nyks ft;
ls vlqjksa ds xq# 'kqØkpk;Zth us buls lkS tkfuA
v'oes?k ;Kksa dk vk;kstu Hkh djok fy;kA blh izHkqrk rft cl Hks rnfi eu dh xb u
chp nsokas dh j{kk djus ds mn~ns'; ls izHkq Hkh xykfu**AA396
okeu ¼ckSus½ ds :i esa nso ekrk vfnfr ds ;gk¡ jghe [kku [kkuk us lh/ks lh/ks Nfy;k
vorfjr gks x;sA tc ;K iw.kkZgqfr dh voLFkk dk vkjksi rks ugha yxk;k fdUrq ;kpdksa dks
esa Fkk] rc Hkxoku okeu oVqd ¼czãpkjh½ ds lko/kku djrs gq;s dgk fd &
os'k esa ;K LFky ij i/kkjsA /keZfu"V cfy ds ^êkaxs ?kVr ^jghe* in fdrks djks cf<+
vkxzg ij izHkq us ek= rhu ix i`Foh dk nku dke A
ekaxkA mudh bl rqPN lh ;kpuk dks ns[k dj rhu iSj clq/kk djh rÅ ckouS uke**
nSR; xq# 'kqØkpk;Zth dk ekFkk BudkA viuh A
fnO; n`f"V ls mUgsa irk py x;k fd cVqd ds lks ruq cjfu u tkb& izHkq ds ml fojkV~ Lo:i
:i esa lk{kkr~ Hkxoku fo".kq gh i/kkjs gSaA fdUrq ¼lks ruq½ dk o.kZu djuk tc tkeoarth tSls
viuh {kqnz cqf) ds dkj.k mUgksaus cfy dks nku lqtku ds fy;s laHko ugha gqvk rks ge {kqnz
dk ladYi ysus ls jksdus ds vusd iz;kl fd;s] ekuoksa dh folkr gh D;k gS \ osnksa dks lk{kkr~
ftuesa mUgsa viuh ,d vk¡[k Hkh xaokuh iM+hA izHkq dh gh ok.kh ekuk tkrk gSA blfy;s mUgsa
tcfd jktk cfy rks ;g tkudj gh xn~xn gks ^vikS#"ks;* Hkh dgrs gSaA ogk¡ blls lEcfU/kr
x;s fd lk{kkr~ Hkxoku fo".kq eq>ls nku ekaxus ,d _pk _Xosn ¼1@22@17½ ,oa ;tqosZn
vk;s gSaA Hkwfe ukius ds le; Hkxoku okeu ls ¼5@15½ esa feyrh gSA mlls fojkV Lo:i dh
fojkV~ gksrs pys x;sA izHkq usa nks gh ixksa esa
fo'kkyrk dk dqN vkadyu fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkh izHkq gh j[ksa] tSlk fd Jhxhrkth esa izHkq us
mldk HkkokFkZ gS fd Hkxoku fo".kq us bu vk'oklu Hkh fn;k gS&
n`’;eku yksdksa ij rhu izdkj ls vius iSj j[ks ^^vuU;kf'pUr;Urks eka ;s tuk% i;qZiklrsA
vkSj muds ?kwfy;qDr iSj ls leLr txr fNilk rs"kka fuR;kfHk;qDrkuka ^;skx{ksea
x;k gS& ogkE;ge~**AA9@22JhxhrkthA
^^bna fo".kqfoZ pØesa =s/kkfu n/ks ine~A lew<eL; vaxn dgb tkm¡ eSa ikjkA ft;¡ lla; dNq
ik¡lqjs**A _x1@22@17 fQjrh ckjkAA
me; ?kjh eg¡ nhUgha & rkRi;Z gS fd izHkq dk Jhvaxnth us dgk fd eSa leqnz ds ikj
;g dkSrqd ek= nks ?kM+h gh jgkA pw¡ fd rks pyk tkÅ¡xk ijUrq esjs eu esa dqN la'k;
tkeoarth dk ladYi lkr ifjdzek,a yxkus dk ykSVrh csj dks ysdj gks jgk gS A
Fkk] blfy;s nkSM+rs gq;s mUgsa iwjk djuk iM+kA vaxn dgb tkm¡ eSa ikjk & tc lHkh okuj
v/;kRe o okYehfd bu nksuksa gh jkek;.kksa esa ohjksa us leqnz ikj dj ikus esa viuh vleFkZrk
bDdhl ifjØek,a yxkus dk o.kZu gS ;Fkk ^îqjk trk nhA tkeoarth dk mRrj Hkh fey x;k] u
f=foØes nscas ikna Hkweku y{k.ke~ ^f=lIr* rks mlesa Li"V gk¡ gh Fkh vkSj u gh ukgha dh
d`Roks·gexka iznf{k.k fo/kkur%**Av- jk- xbZ FkhA oLrqr% tkeoarth dk mís’; lekf/kLFk
4@9@10 ^^f=foØesa e;k rkr l'kSyou guqekuth dks pSrU; djus dk Fkk blhfy;s
dkuukA ^f=%lIrd`Ro%* i`Foh ifjØkUrk mUgksaus okeukorkj dh dFkk lqukbZ Fkh] vkSj
iznf{k.ke~**A4@66@32 ok-jk-A ekul o buds leqnz ya?ku dk;Z dks ux.; lk Bgjkus gsrq gh
o.kZu esa vUrj dk dkj.k vKkr gsS \ fojkV izHkq dh lkr iznf{k.kk,a yxkus dh ppkZ
fo'ks"k & lqUnjdk.M dk fu;fer ikB djus dh Fkh] vU;Fkk bls dguk vius eq¡g cM+h ckr
okys] pkgsa os ldke HkDr gkas vFkok dsoy djus dk nks"k gSA fdUrq guqekuth rc Hkh
guqekuth ds izhR;FkZ djus okys gksa] izk;% lHkh lekf/kLFk Fks vkSj vc Hkh lekf/k esa gh cus gSasA
yksx blh nksgs ls ikB izkjEHk djrs gSaA vr,o bu pqIih Hkjs {k.kksa dks rksM+us ds gh fy;s
vusdkusd dkj.kksa esa ls ,d eq[; dkj.k ;gh etcwju vaxnth dks cksyuk iM+ x;kA pw¡fd
gS fd blh nksgs ls Jhguqekuth egkjkt ds vaxnth uk;d gSa] uk;d dh ,d xfjek gksrh
tkToY;eku yhyk pfj= dk okLrfod izkjEHk gS] og bUdkj ugha dj ldrkA vr% vkSjksa ds
gqvk gSA nwts esa] Hkxoku okeukorkj dh dFkk esa leku bUgksaus ikj tkus esa vleFkZrk ugha
nsus ls ikouk vf/kd gSA vkSj lqUnjdk.M ds trkbZA
nwljs eaxykpj.k 'yksd ^ûkU;k Li`gk j?kqirs ft;¡ lla; dNq fQjrh ckjk & vaxnth ds dgs
ân;s·Lenh;s** essa j?kqifr ls dgk x;k gS fd fiNys laoknksa ls Li"V irk pyrk gS fd ;s
geesa dksbZ dkeuk 'ks"k ugha gS] gs izHkq! vki gesa vius pkpk lqxhz oth ds dkj.k cqjh rjg
,d ek= fuHkZjk HkfDr iznku djsA ^^Hkfäa iz;PN dq.BkxzLr gSaA vU;Fkk ijkØe dh n`f"V ls bUgsa
j?kqiqaxo fuHkZjka esa**A vr% vkrZ vkSj ldke fdlhls Hkh de ugha vk¡dk tk ldrkA ckyh us
HkDrksa dks yxrk gS fd blls gekjh Lo;a bUgsa vius leku cy'kkyh dgk gS ^;g
euksdkeukvksa dh iwfrZ dgha ckf/kr u gks tk;sA ru; ee le fcu; cy*A vkSj yadkokfl;ksa dh
blfy;s ldke HkDr bl nksgs ls ikB izkjEHk n`f"V esa Hkh guqekuth vkSj vaxnth ;s nksuksa gh
djrs gSaA ;ksa ekul eeZKksa dh n`f"V ls ^fuHkZjk* ,d leku gSa] dn dkBh esa Hkh vkSj ijkØe esa
dk rkRi;Z izHkq ij vkfJr ¼fuHkZj½ jgus okyh Hkh ^ûkfj càn dj ihVfga Nkrh] vc ^nqb dfi
izxk<+ HfkDr gS& vFkkZr~ HkfDr ds lk/ku Hkh izHkq vk,* mrikrh**6@43@4] ^^guqeku vaxn* ju
tqVk;sa vkSj vuU; HkDr ds ;ksx&{kse dk /;ku xkts] gk¡d lqur jtuhpj Hkkts**6@49@6A rc
Hkh fQjrh ckjk esa dqN la'k; dgus ds dbZ
dkj.k gSa A larksa dk dguk gS fd vaxnth us lks lhrk dj [kkst djkbfg] tg¡ rg¡ ejdV dksfV
guqekuth ds gkFk esa jketh dks vaxB w h nsrs gq;s iBkbfg*A
vkSj okrkZyki djrs gq, ns[k fy;k Fkk] vr% ijkØe esa Hkh vki bUgsa de ugha dg
tkurs Fks fd lhrk lqf/k dk dk;Z guqekuth ds ldrs] Hkw/kjkdkj dqEHkdj.k ls tc fHkM+uk iM+
gkFk ls gh gksuk gS] vr,o ykSV vkus esa la'k; x;k rks mlds ukd dku dks dkV dj mls ckj
trk;kA fQj vaxnth egyksa esa iys gSa mUgsa ckj ekjk gS&
vHkh ,sls dk;ksZa dk vuqHko Hkh ugha gS] vkSj ^^dkVsfl nlu ukfldk dkuk*] xjft vdkl
guqekuth lqxhz oth ds lax lax ldy czãk.M esa pysm rsfga tkukA xgsm pju xfg Hkwfe iNkjk]
HkVds gq;s gSa] vr% mUgsa gh ekSdk nsus ds mís’; vfr yk¡?ko mfB iqfu rsfg ekjk**A 6@65@6&7
ls fy;s ^^ft; lla; dNq fQjrh ckjk** dgkA lqxhz oth ds leku vaxnth esa Nqih gqbZ
blh izdkj dh la'k; o`fÙk vU; okujksa mtkZ dks phUg dj gh ;gk¡ tkeoUrth us mUgsa
esa Hkh gS] ftldh ppkZ îkj tkb dj lal; ^rqEg lc yk;d* dk izek.k i= fn;k gSA vkxs
jk[kk* esa dh xbZ gSA bl la’k; ds fo”k; esa Hkh bUgsa tkeoarth dh flQkfj'k ij gh jko.k
Jhxhrkth esa iqu% dgk x;k gS fd la'k;;qDr ds njckj essa nwr cuk dj Hkstk x;k ^êa=
euq"; ds fy;s u ;g yksd gS] u ijyksd gS dgm¡ fut efr vuqlkjk] nwr iBkbv
vkSj u lq[k gh gS ûk;a yksdks·fLr u ijks u ckfydqekjk** 6@16@4A rc ikj[kh ¼tkeoarth½
lq[ka l'ka;kReu%*A4@40 xhrkthA Li”V gS fd dh ij[k lkS Vds [kjh mrjhA rc rd rks
la’k;kRek dks Js; ;k lQyrk Hkh ugha feyrh budh Hkh vkLFkk izHkq ij bruh n`<+ gks xbZ fd
gSA bUgksaus dSyk'k ioZr dks mBk ysus okys jko.k
tkeoar dg rqEg lc yk;dA iBbv ^^dkSrqdgh dSykl iqfu yhUgsfl tkb mBkb** vkSj
fdfe lc gh dj uk;dA ftlds lSfud vdsys gh tx dks thr lds
tkeoarth dks rqjUr chp esa gh dguk ^^,d ,d tx thfr ld ,sls lqHkV fudk;**
iM+k fd rqe rks lc izdkj ls lq;ksX; gks vFkkZr~ ,sls mlds njckfj;ksa ds le{k iSj fMxk nsus
rqe tkdj ldq'ky ykSV Hkh ldrs gksA fdUrq tSlh ekewyh lh 'krZ ij lhrkth dks gkj tkus
rqEgsa dSls Hkst fn;k tk;s \ rqe rks lcds dk izLrko j[k fn;k ^tkSa ee pju ldfl lB
ljnkj ¼uk;d½ gksA Vkjh] fQjfga jkeq lhrk eSa gkjh* 6@33@9
tkeoar dg rqEg lc yk;d & dgrs gSa fd muds bl n`<+ fo'okl dks ns[k dj nksgkoyh esa
b'd vkSj eq'd ¼[kq'kcw½ Nqik;s ugha NqirsA oSls xksLokehth dks fy[kuk iM+k fd bls eSa izHkq dh
gh lk/kdksa esa lekfgr mtkZ vkSj muds xq.kkfn efgek dgw¡ ;k vaxnth dk fo'okl] dqN le>
Hkh lar&egkiq#"kksa ls fNi ugha ikrsA bl dk.M ugha iM+rk&
ds izkjEHk ds o.kZukuqlkj rks lqxhz oth Hkh ^^rsfg lekt fd;ks dfBu iu tsfg rkSY;ks
vR;Ur Mjiksd] ijkJ;h ^^vfr lHkhr dg lquq dSykl A
guqekuk** vkSj iyk;uoknh izo`fRr okys ^^HkkxkSa rqylh izHkq efgek dgkS dS lsod dks
rqjr rtkSa ;g lSyk** gh fn[krs gSaA bu o.kZuksa fcLokl**A nksgk&167A
dks i<+dj rks dksbZ dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrk iBbv fdfe lc gh dj uk;d & okYehfd
fd buesa Hkh jkedkt :ih ije iq#"kkFkZ djus jkek;.k esa tkeoarth ds opu gSa fd ^^rqe
;k djkus dh 'kfDr fufgr gksxhA fdUrq yk[kksa ;kstu tkus vkSj ogk¡ ls ykSVus esa leFkZ
Jhguqekuth egkjkt us muds vUrfuZfgr mRl gks] fdUrq rqe gekjs Lokeh ds in ij izfrf"Br
dks igpku dj gh izHkq ls flQkfj'k dh Fkh& gksA ijari ! Lokeh lsuk ds fy;s dy= ¼L=h½
^ûkFk lSy ij dfiifr jgbZ] lks lqxzho nkl rc ds leku laj{k.kh; gksrk gSA ;gh yksdekU;rk
vgbZA gSA vr% rqEgsa Hkstuk gekjs fy;s mfpr ugha gS
^^Lokeh dy=a lSU;L; xfrjs”kk ;fn bldk Hkku gksrk] vkSj lEikfrth ds opu
ijari**4@65@21 ls 23 ;gk¡ j.kuhfr Hkh dgh bUgksaus lqus gksrs rks mUgsa tkudhth dh [kkst esa
xbZ gS fd lsod&lg;ksfx;ksa ds jgrs gq;s Lokeh yadk ds ,d ,d ?kj esa ugha HkVduk iM+rk
dks ;k lsukuk;d dks vlqjf{kr dk;ksZ esa igy ^êafnj eafnj izfr dj lks/kk** cfYd os lh/ks
ugha djuh pkfg;sA v'kksd okfVdk igq¡p tkrsA D;ksafd lEikfrth us
dgb jhNifr lquq guqekukA dk pqi lkf/k Li"V 'kCnksa esa dgk Fkk fd ^rg¡ v'kksd micu
jgsm cyokukAA tg¡ jgbZ] lhrk cSfB lksp jr vgbZ*A
_{kjkt tkeoarth us guqekuth dk fueXu gks tkus dk ;g xq.k buesa
/;ku vkdf"kZr djus ds fy;s tjk tksj ls dgk tUetkr gS] ;g bUgsa Hkxoku 'kadj ls feyk
lqfu;s ! gs guqeku A D;k pqIih lk/k dj gS] tks Lo;a dFkk dgrs dgrs gh exu gks tk;k
lk/kuk dj jgs gks rqe rks lnk&loZnk ls djrs gSa& êxu /;ku jl naM tqx iqfu eu
cyoku gks A ckgsj dhUg*1@111A
dgb jhNifr lquq guqekuk & ;gk¡ ^jhNifr* in ;ksa bruh xgjh lekf/k yxus dk ,d
tkeoarth dh ofj"Brk n'kkZus vkSj guqekuth dkj.k ^mjizsjd j?kqoa'k&foHkw"k.k* Hkh gSA D;ksafd
dk /;ku Hkax djus dh ik=rk n'kkZus ds fy;s guqekuth ;fn /;ku fueXu ugha gksrs rks
iz;qDr gqvkA ^lquq guqekuk* in vknj lwpd lEikfrth ds opuksa dks lqudj lh/ks v'kksd
gSA vkSj ^guqekuk* esa guqekuth ds cpiu dh okfVdk esa igq¡p tkrs vkSj lhrkth ls HksaV gks
ml xkFkk dk ladr s Hkh gS tc lw;Z dks mUgksus tkrhA rc foHkh"k.kth ls HksaV dSls gksrh] muls
yky Qy tku dj mls Hk{k.k djus gsrq vUrjaxrk dSls c<+rh] vkSj mUgsa lUekxZ Hkh
varfj{k esa Nykax yxk nh Fkh] lw;Z dks eq¡g ls dkSu fn[kkrk\ vr% vUryhZu guqekuth dks cká
nkcus gh tk jgs Fks rHkh bUnz us buds eq¡g ij txr esa ykus ds fy;s gh tkeoarth dks dguk
otz dk izgkj dj fn;kA buds guq ¼BqM~Mh½ us iM+k ^dk pqi lkf/k jgsm cyokuk*A ^dk* vkSj
izgkj dks >sy fy;k] fdafpr BqM~Mh Vs<+h gks ^cyokuk* inksa esa ,d izdkj ls mykguk Hkh gS
x;hA blh ls budk uke ^guqeku* iM+ x;kA fd bl le; okujksa dks rqEgkjs cy ijkØe dh
vxyh v)kZyh dk ^jgsm cyokuk* in Hkh mlh vko';drk gS vkSj rqe lk/kuk esa Mwcs gks \
xkFkk ls lEcfU/kr gS rkRi;Z gS fd rqe tUetkr iou ru; cy iou lekuk A cqf) fccsd
gh cyoku gksA fcX;ku fu/kkuk AA
dk pqi lkf/k jgsm cyokuk & ^lkf/k* in rqe iou iq= gks] rqeesa cy Hkh iounso
lk/kuk djus dk vFkZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gSA rkRi;Z ds leku gSA rqe cqf) foosd vkSj Kku&foKku
gS fd guqekuth egkjkt lekf/kLFk gSa] blhfy;s ds Hk.Mkj gks A
pqi Hkh gSaA bUgsa txkus ds fy;s gh tksj ls ^lquq iou ru; cy iou lekuk & okYehfd
guqekuk* dgk x;k ckYehfd jkek;.k esa Li"V jkek;.k esa ;gk¡
o.kZu gS fd okuj Js"B guqekuth ml le; ¼fdf"dU/kk dk.M lxZ NkaNV esa ½ tkeoarth us
,dkUr esa lq[kklu ij cSBs gSa ^,dkUrekfJR;a ^vk¡tus;*& guqekuth ds tUe dh dFkk la{ksi esa
lq[kksifo"Ve~*4@65@35A oLrqr% Lo;aizHkkth dgh gS A fdUrq ekul esa Jhguqekuth dk
ds bl mins'k êw¡ngq u;u fccj rft tkgw* dks ifjp; iouiq= ds :i esa gh fn;k x;k gSA
iw.kZr;k #nzkorkj guqekuth us gh vkRelkr~ dj 'kadj lqou] ds'kjh uUnu ;k v¡tuhiq= bR;kfn
j[kk gSA rc ls vc rd os vius u;uksa dks lEcks/ku guqeku pkyhlk esa feysaxs ;k fQj
ewans gq;s gh gSa vkSj izHkq ds /;ku esa Hkh ,sls fou; if=dk esa ns[kus feyrs gSa ¼laHkor%
fueXu gSa fd mUgsa ;g Hkh Hkku ugha gS fd xhrkoyh] dforkoyh esa Hkh gks½A vatukuUnu dh
lEikfrth dc rks vk;s vkSj dc mM+ x;s A ;gh dFkk fdUrq foLr`r :i esa okYehfd jkek;.k
ds mRrjdk.M ds nks lxksZa 35&36 esa feyrh gSA iounso dks eukus ds fy;s ckyd guqeku dks
ogk¡ dFkk dgus okys vxLR; eqfuth gaS] tksfd mÙkeksÙke ojnku fn;sA mu ojnkuksa ls iou iq=
nf{k.k Hkkjr ds ekus gq;s egku _f"k gSaA oLrqr% iou nso ds ^leku* gh ^vrqfyr cy/kkea* cu
lewps nf{k.k Hkkjr esa guqekuth dk vk¡tus; x;s] blfy;s ^cy iou lekuk* dgkA
uke gh T;knk lqizfl) gSA nf{k.k dh rfey Jhxhrkth esa Hkxoku Jhd`".k us Lo;a
Hkk"kk esa ^vat* dk vFkZ ikap gksrk gSA vkSj dks ifo= djus okys iou dh laKk nh gS îou%
rfey Hkk"kk ds _f"k dcau us vk¡tus;th dh iorkefLe*10@31] vkSj ^^vkRek oS tk;rs
Lrqfr iaprÙoksa ds :i esa dh gS tksfd xw<+ ek;us iq=%** ds fl)kUr ls guqekuth esa Hkh firk
¼vFkZ½ j[krh gSA mldk fgUnh :ikUrj bl iou ds lHkh xq.k fo|eku Hkh gSaA Lo.kZe;h
izdkj gS& ^îkapksa esa ,d dk iq= ¼iou iq=½] yadk uxjh dks ikou cukus mls tykrik dj
ik¡pksa esa ,d dks yk¡?k ds ¼leqnz] ty rÙo dks½ 'kq) djus tk jgs gSaA bls js[kkafdr djus ds
ik¡pksa esa ,d ds ekxZ ls ¼vkdk'k ls½ vk;ksZa ds fy;s gh budh iz’kfLr esa dgk gS ^^gs ohj! gs
ukrs igq¡p ds ik¡pksa esa ,d dh iq=h ¼lhrk] egkdis! loZ= vckf/kr xfr] osx] rst vkSj
i`Foh dh iq=h½ dks ns[k ds] fo&tuksa ¼vuk;ksZ½ ds LQwfrZ] ;s lHkh ln~xq.k rqeesa vius egkijkdzeh
{ks= esa ls ,d dks yxk;k ¼vfXu] yadk ngu firk ok;q ds leku gSa&
dh½ og gekjh j{kk djsa*A ^^xfrosZxÜp rstÜp yk?koa p egkdisA
;gk¡ xksLokehth us Hkh viuh 'kSyh esa frqLrs ln`’ka ohj ek#rL;
guqekuth egkjkt dh iwjh xkFkk dgh gS fdUrq egkStl%**AAok-jk-4@44@5
'kSyh mudh viuh ^LokUr lq[kk;* okyh gSA ;gk¡ Hkh îou* in nks ckj iz;qDr gqvk gSA
îou ru;* ls rkRi;Z gS iou nso o vatuh ds cqf) fccsd fcX;ku fu/kkuk & ckyd guqekuth
fu;ksx ls mRiUu iq= tsSlsfd dqarh ds Hkhe iSnk dks izlUu djus ds fy;s ml le; lw;Z nso us
gq;s FksA vkuUn jkek;.k] ukFk lEiznk; ds xzUFkksa mUgsa viuk rst iznku fd;k] ftlls mudk o.kZ
esa ;g Hkh dFkk gS fd jktk n’kjFkth ds ^^Lo.kZ 'kSykHk nsga** vFkkZr~ fiaxy o.kZ dk gks
iq=sf”V&;K esa vfXu }kjk nh xbZ ;K&[khj ds x;kA vkxs lq;ksX; le; mUgsa ij f'k{kk nsuk Hkh
dqN va’k dk dSd; s hth ds gkFk ls ,d phy lw;Z ukjk;.k us Lohdj fd;kA blh f'k{kk&nh{kk
ysdj vkdk’k esa mM+ xbZA mlh le; iou nso ls os ^ldy xq.k fu/kkua* vkSj ^Kkfuukexz.;e~*
dh dìk ls Hk;adj vk¡/kh mBhA og [kj phy ds ls foHkwf"kr gq;sA ;gk¡ ^cqf) fccsd fcX;ku
eq[k ls NwV dj vatuk dh vatfy esa fxjhA fu/kkuk* esa blh dFkk dh vksj ladr s fd;k x;k
vatuk us mls izlkn le> dj [kk fy;kA ml gSA
[khj ls pS= ‘kqDy iwf.kZek dks eaxyokj ds fnu /;ku jgs fd ^fu/kkuk*] ;k ^/kkek* in
Jhguqekuth dk tUe gqvkA ^^cy iou izk;% izHkq ds lUnHkZ esa gh vkSj mudh iz'kalk esa
lekuk** esa lekurk dk rkRi;Z ml izlax ls gS gh iz;qDr gksrs gSa A rRor% izHkq gh ldy
tc ckY;koLFkk esa ek#fr uUnu lw;Z dks Qy oLrqvksa ds fu/kku ;k /kke gaSA pw¡fd lw;Z dks izHkq
le> dj mls fuxyus ds fy;s vkdk'k esa mNy us gh ^;ksx* iznku fd;k gS ^bea fooLors ;ksxa
iM+s FksA rc czãk.M esa lw;Z xzg.k ds leku gh izksDrokuge O;;e~* Jhxhrkth4@1A blfy;s lw;Z
vU/kdkj Nk x;k FkkA blls dqfir gksdj bUnz dks Kku dk Hk.Mkj dgrs gSa vkSj guqekuth dks
us budh BqM~Mh ¼guq½ ij otz dk izgkj dj ogh Kku ¼;ksx½ lh/ks Hkxoku lw;Z ukjk;.k ls
fn;kA bUnz us esjs iq= dks ?kk;y dj fn;k gS] izkIr gqvk gSA vr,o bUgsa Hkh ^fu/kkuk* dgk
blls izHkatu nso {kqC/k gks x;s mUgksaus rhuksa x;k gSA ;ksa okYehfd jkek;.k esa] Lo;a jketh us
yksdksa esa izokfgr gksuk cUn dj fn;kA tc budh fo}rk dh iz'kalk djrs gq;s y{e.kth ls
f=yksdh esa [kycyh ep xbZ rc lHkh nsoksa us dgk gS fd ^^ftls _Xosn dh f'k{kk ugha feyh]
ftlus ;tqosZn dk vH;kl ugha fd;k rFkk tks bls ns[k] yksdikyksa ds lkFk&lkFk czãk
lkeosn dk fo}ku ugha gS] og bl izdkj fo".kq egs'k dh Hkh vk¡[ksa pkSf/k;k xbZA lHkh us
lqUnj Hkk"kk esa okrkZyki ugha dj ldrk**& ,d Loj ls Lohdkj fd;k fd oLrqr% guqekuth
^ûku`xo~ sn fouhrL; uk;tqosZn /kkfj.k%A dk Jhfoxzg&'kjhj gh cydh] ohjjl dh] /khjt
uk lkeosn fonq"k% 'kD;esoa dh] o lkgl dh vfUre lhek ¼lkj&fu/kku½ gSA
foHkkf"krqe~**AA4@328ok-jk- blhfy;s tkeoarth us ^fu/kkuk* dgk vkSj HkDrksa
ldy osnksa ls bUgsa foHkwf"kr dgsa ;k ^cqf) fccsd dk Hkh ekuuk gS fd&
fcX;ku fu/kkuk* dgsa ckr ,d gh gS A ^^nqxZe dkt txr ds tsrsA lqxe vuqxgz
dou lks dkt dfBu tx ekgha A tks ufga rqEgjs rsrs**
gksb rkr rqEg ikgha AA jke dkt yfx ro vorkjk A lqurfga
gs fiz;oj ! lalkj esa ,slk dkSu lk Hk;m icZrkdkjk AA
dfBu dk;Z gSa] tks rqels lEiUu ugha gks ldrk Jhjke dk;Z ds fy, rqEgkjk vorkj gqvk gSA
gks \ vFkkZr~ rqEgkjs fy;s dksbZ Hkh dk;Z dfBu bruk lqurs gh Jhiouiq= gquekuth ioZr ds
ugha gS A leku fo'kkydk; gks x;sA
dou lks dkt dfBu tx ekgha & ;gk¡ Hkxoku jke dkt yfx ro vorkjk& vc rd dh ckrksa
lw;Zukjk;.k ls f’k{kk xzg.k djus dh dFkk dk dk fu"d"kZ gS fd tkeoarth tc rd guqekuth
ladr s gSA guqekuth egkjkt us tc dqekjkoLFkk dk xq.k xku djrs jgs] rc rd buesa dksbZ
esa inkiZ.k fd;k rks os Hkxoku Hkqou&HkkLdj ds izfrfdz;k gh ugha gqbZA fdUrq T;ksagh ^jke* dk
fn;s vk'oklu ds vuqlkj muds le{k uke dkuksa esa iM+k fd rRdky budk lks;k ikS#"k
fo|k/;;u ds fy;s mifLFkr gks x;sA igys rks tkx iM+kA ,slk ?kfVr gksus ds ihNs Hkh tks
lw;Znso us bls ckyd guqeku dk f[kyokM+ le> dkj.k gS] og bUgsa budh ckY;koLFkk es feyk
dj VkyeVksy djus dk iz;kl fd;kA n`<+fu’p;h gqvk ,d Jki vFkok vuqxgz ] tks 'kCn vki
guqekuth Vys ugha rc mUgksaus mUgsa muds le{k pkgsa dgysa] gh gSA nsoksa ls feys ftu ojnkuksa
jgdj] ;kus lEeq[k [kM+s jg dj gh i<+us i<+kus dh ppkZ Åij gqbZ gSs muls vfer 'kfDr lEiUu
dh dfBu 'krZ j[k nh] rkfd vlEHko dk;Z gq, ckyd guqekuth egf"kZ;ksa ds vkJe esa
le> dj os ykSV tk;saA fdUrq ioulqr us xq# tk&tk dj vusdkusd minzo djus yxs FksA os
dh vkKk dk v{kj'k% ikyu djuk Lohdkj egkRekvksa ds ;Kksi;ksxh ik= QksM+ Mkyrs] lzqokfn
djds] myVkxeu djrs gq;s vkSj vkfnR; oLrq,a u"V dj nsrs vkSj rks vkSj muds oYdyksa
Hkxoku dk izp.M rki lgu djrs gq;s gh muls dks Hkh fuR;izfr phM+QkM+ nsrs FksA
iw.kZ Kku izkIr fd;kA blh dfBu ‘krZ ikyu dk ^^lqzXHkk.MkU;fXu gks=kf.k oYdykuka p
ladr s ^^dou lks dkt dfBu tx ekgha** esa lap;ku~A
fd;k x;k gSA xksLokehth us bl ?kVukdze dk HkXufofPNUu fo/oLrku~ la'kkUrkuka
lqanj fp=.k ^guqeku ckgqd* esa fd;k gS& djksR;;e~**AA@36@30 buds minzoksa ls rax
^^Hkkuqlksa i<+u guqeku x;s Hkkuq eu vuqekfu flflq dsfy fd;ks vkdj egf"kZ;ksa us fopkj foe'kZ djds bUgsa Jki
Qsj Qkj lksA ns fn;k fd gs okuj ohj! ftl cy dk vkJ;
ikfNys ixfu xe xeu exu eu] Øe dks u Hkze dfi ysdj rqe gesa lrk jgs gks] gekjs Jki ls eksfgr
ckyd&fcgkj lks gksdj ml cy dks rqe nh?kZ dky rd Hkwys
dkSrqd fcyksfd yksdiky gfj&gj fcf/k] ykspufu pdkpkSaf/k fpÙkfu jgksxAs tc dksbZ rqEgsa rqEgkjh dhfrZ dk Lej.k
[kekj lksA fnyk nsxk] rHkh rqEgkjk cy c<+sxk&
cy dS/ksa chjjl] /khjt dS] lkgl dS] rqylh ljhj /kjs lcfu ^^ck/kls ;r~ lekfJR; cyeLeku~ IyoxaeA
dks lkj lks** rn~ nh?kZdkya osÙkkfl ukLekda 'kki eksfgr%A
;nk rs Lek;Zrs dhfrZLrnk rs o/kZrs dkym djky¡rk] cM+kbZa ftR;ks
cye~**AA7@36@35ok-jk- ^ckouks**AA5@9
;fn ;g foLe`fr okyk Jki guqekuth egkjkt dud cju ru rst fcjktk A ekugq¡ vij
ds ugha yxk gksrk rks D;k lqxhz oth dks bl fxfjUg dj jktk AA
izdkj Hkkxuk iM+rk\ os vdsys gh mUgsa ckyh ls Jhguqekuth ds ioZrkdkj 'kjhj dk o.kZ
mudk lÙokf/kdkj fnyk u nsrs\ guqekuth ds ¼jax½ Lo.kZ tSlk gS vkSj ru dh rstfLork ,slh
fy, ^jkepfjr lqfucs dks jfl;k* dgk x;k gSA 'kksHkk;eku gks jgh gS ekuks nwljs fo'kky
tc rd mudk xq.kxku gksrk jgk os vius esa ioZrjkt lqes#th gh le{k esa fcjkteku gksa A
gh fueXu jgsA brus exu jgs fd muds dkuksa dud cju ru rst fcjktk & 'kkL=ksa es
esa ,d 'kCn Hkh ugha iM+k vU;Fkk Jki ds Jhguqekuth egkjkt ds tUetkr o.kZ dks
vuqlkj rks ^cyokuk* 'kCn lqurs gh mUgsa ^'kkfy'kwdfuHkkHkkl* dgk x;k gS vFkkZr~ /kku ds
ioZrkdkj gks tkuk pkfg, FkkA fdUrq pSrU; rks vxz Hkkx dh Hkk¡fr gh os fiaxy o.kZ ¼ihykiu½
os vc ^^jke dkt yfx ro vorkjk** lqudj ;qDr gSA bls dkO;e;h Hkk"kk esa ^Lo.kZ 'kSykHk
gq, gSa vkSj& nsga* vkSj ;gk¡ ^dud cju* dgk x;k gSA ,d
lqurfg Hk;m icZrkdkjk & ;gk¡ guqekuth ds rks ;g Lo.kZ jax Lo;a gh vR;Ur izLQqfVr
bl vlhe vkdkj dks dsoy ioZrkdkj dgk ¼pednkj½ gksrk gSA fQj Hkxoku lw;Z ukjk;.k
x;k gSA fdUrq v/;kRe jkek;.k esa o.kZu gS fd ds ojnku Lo:i guqekuth dks muds rst dk
tkeoarth ds opu lqurs gh guqekuth nwljs lkSok¡ va'k feyk gqvk gS&^êkrZ.MLRo czohr~ r=
f=fodze Hkxoku ds leku fo'kky ioZrkdkj gks HkxokafLrfejkig%A
x;s ^cHkwo ioZrkdkj fL=fodze rstlks·L; enh;L; nnkfe 'kfrdka
bokij%*4@9@22 dyke~**AA7@36@13ok-jk-
fdUrq ;gk¡ ekul esa guqekuth ds f=fodze ds ;g rst lw;Z ds }kjk iznRr gksus ls gh bls
leku fo'kkydk; cuus dk mYys[k ugha gSA ^^ru rst ^fcjktk** in }kjk O;Dr fd;k x;k
blds ihNs tks dkj.k gSa] og vxyh pkSikb;ksa dh gSA
Vhdk esa Li"V fd;k gSA tks Hkh gks] tkeoarth ekugq¡ vij fxfjUg dj jktk & foxr pkSikbZ esa
ds eu esa okeukorkj dh dFkk lqukus dk tks bUgsa ioZrkdkj ^lqurfg Hk;m ioZrkdkjk* dgk
mís'; Fkk] og fdafpr~ rks ^Hk;m icZrkdkjk* ls x;k FkkA fdUrq ioZrkdkj dgus ls u rks buds
;gk¡ iwjk gqvk] 'ks"k yadkngu ds le; esa os dud o.kZ dk vkSj uk gh buds fojkV 'kjhj
f=fodzekorkj ds leku gh fojkV gq, gSaA ekul dk lVhd fnXn'kZu gks ik;k vr% ;gk¡ lqes#
esa rks xksLokehth us bldk ladr s ek= fd;k gS ioZr dh miek nh xbZ gS] D;ksafd og Hkh
fd guqekuth egkjkt c<+rs gq, vkdk'k dks lqo.kZe; gksrk gSA ,oa fo'kkyrk esa Hkh lHkh
tkdj yx x;s ^^vêgkl dfj xtkZ dfi cf<+ ioZrksa ls cM+k ekuk x;k gSA fdUrq blls Hkh
ykx vdkl**5@25 fdUrq dforkoyh jkek;.k esa ckr cuh ugha] xksLokehth dks larks"k ugha gqvk
mUgksaus okeukorkj dk mYys[k djrs gq, Li"V vr% mUgksaus blds lkFk ^vij* yxk;k ;kus
dgk gS fd guqekuth egkjkt us osx esa ok;q lqes# ls Hkh cMs+ dh miek nhA
dks] izrki esa djksaM+ks lw;ksZa dks] Hk;kudrk esa dacu jkek;.k esa guqekuth ds bl
dky dks] vkSj fo'kkyrk esa Hkxoku okeu dks nh?kkZdkj 'kjhj ds fo"k; esa cM+k gh lqUnj vkSj
Hkh thr fy;k& HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr ds vuq:i fp=.k feyrk gS A
^^csx ftR;ks ek#r] izrki ekjraM dacu _f"k dkO;e;h Hkk"kk esa dgrs gSa fd
dksfVA ^^la/;k le; ds lw;Z izdk'k esa tks Nk;k
guqekuth ds fo'kky ioZrkdkj 'kjhj ls cuh]
og leqnz esa fdlh izdkj dk vojks/k u gksus ls dfj ckjfga ckjk** esa latks;k gSA Jhguqekuth
guqekuth ds igys gh yadk igq¡p xbZ* egkjkt vHkh rks ;gk¡ lqes# ioZr ds leku gh
4@1002@dEc jk-A gq;s gSaA ;fn dgha os buds le{k gh
flagukn dfj ckjfga ckjk A yhyfga uk?km¡ f=foØekorkj ds leku nh?kkZdkj gks tkrs rks
tyfuf/k [kkjk AA muds fy, okujksa rd laokn igq¡pkuk gh
Jhguqekuth egkjkt ckjEckj flag ukn vlEHko gks tkrk A
vFkkZr~ ngkM+rh gqbZ vkokt esa dgus yxs fd bl yhyfga uk?km¡ tyfuf/k [kkjk & ;gk¡ ^yhyfga* in
[kkjs leqnz dks rks eS f[kyokM+ dh rjg gh yk¡?k nks vFkksZ esa iz;qDr gqvk gSA ,d rks yhyuk
tkÅ¡xkA vFkkZr~ fuxy tkuk] lks[k ysuk A okYehfd
^flagukn dfj ckjfga ckjk*& oLrqr% guqekuth jkek;.k esa guqekuth us lks[k ysus dh gh dgh
egkjkt dk 'kjhj lqes# ioZr ls Hkh vf/kd gS êSa pkgw¡ rks leqnzksa dks lks[k yw¡xk vkSj i`Foh
nh?kkZdkj ¼vij½ gks pqdk gSA vki Hkh bl ckr dks fonh.kZ dj nw¡xk ^^lkxjk´~ 'kks"kf;";kfe
ls lger gksxas fd ;fn fdlh O;fDr dks ioZr nkjf;";kfe esfnuhe~**4@67@17A nwljs esa
ds f'k[kj ls /kjkry ds fy;s gk¡d yxkuh iM+s yhykor~ vFkkZr~ fcuk ifjJe ds [ksy f[kyokM+
rks mls vfrfjDr tksj yxkdj&fpYyk dj esa ;Fkk ^^vfr mrax fxfj ikni ^yhyfga* ysfg
cksyuk iM+sxk] ftls ?kks"k] ukn ;k gk¡d dgrs gSaA mBkb**6@1A oLrqr% fojkV~ O;fDrRo okys
;gk¡ ;g vfr rhoz gS vr% mls flagukn dgk guqekuth ds fy;s bl lkS ;kstu okys leqnz dks
x;k gSA pw¡fd nwjh ls dgk x;k earO; ,d ckj yk¡?kuk] xks[kqj yk¡?kus ds leku ,d [ksy ¼yhyk½
esa Li"V gks gh ugha ikrh gS izk;% mls nksgjkuk gh gSA okYehfd jkek;.k esa guqekuth us dgk
iM+rk gSA mlh dks ;gk¡ ^ckjfga ckjk* dgk gSA Hkh gS fd leqnz dks yk¡?krs le; esjk ogh :i
guqekuth ds bl lEHkk"k.k ds fy;s vkfn dfo gksxk] tks rhu ixksa dks c<+krs le; okeu
us Hkh ^xtZuk* 'kCn iz;qDr djrs gq;s fy[kk gS :i/kkjh Hkxoku fo".kq dk gqvk Fkk&
fd ^^vfer rstLoh okuj Js"B Jhguqekuth tc ^^Hkfo";fr fg esa :ia IyoekuL; lkxje~A
bl izzdkj ^xtZuk* dj jgs Fks] ml le; lEiwZ.k fo".kks% izØeek.kL; rnk =hu~
okuj g"kZ esa Hkj dj pfdr Hkko ls ns[k jgs Fks foØekfuo**AA4@67@25ok-jk-
& ^tyfuf/k [kkjk*& ekul esa lkxj vkSj leqnz ds
^^resoa okuj Js"Ba xtZUrefer izHke~A mYys[k blds iwoZ Hkh vusd ckj gq;s gSaA ijUrq
iz"Vk gj;Lr= leqnS{kUr ;gk¡ bls ^[kkjk* in ls js[kkfdar fd;k gS] tks
fofLerk%**AA4@67@29 ok-jk- fo'ks"k ek;us j[krk gS A HkfDr 'kkL=ksa esa {khj
pfdr Hkko ls mUgsa fugkjus dk ,d dkj.k rks lkxj dk o.kZu feyrk gSA tgk¡ fd HkDrksa dks
mudk nh?kkZdkj 'kjhj gsS] ogha xtZuk esa dgh HkfDr jl iznku djus okys Hkxoku fo".kq jgrs
ckr mudh le> esa ugha vkus dk Hkko Hkh gSA gSaA ekul esa Hkh vk;k gS ^^Nhj fla/kq xous
blh dks xksLokehth us ^^flagukn dfj ckjfga eqfuukFkk] tg¡ cl Jhfuokl
ckjk** dgkA JqfrekFkk**1@127@4 ;k ^^dksm dg î;fuf/k* cl
v/;kRe jkek;.k esa rks bl flagukn dks izHkq lksbZ**A1@184@2 rc ftKklk gksuh LokHkkfod
czãk.M dEik;eku djus okyh flag xtZuk dh gh gS fd ;g î;fuf/k* ls ^tyfuf/k* vkSj fQj
miek nh xbZ gSA lHkh tkurs gS fd igkM+ksa esa ^[kkjk* D;ksa gks x;k\ blds Li"Vhdj.k esa
/ofu Vdjk dj ykSVk djrh gS] ;gk¡ Hkh bls Jhguqekuth dh dgh ,d odzksfä cM+s gh dke
dEik;eku ¼LQksV½ dgk x;k gS ^^pdkj ûkna dh gSA Hkko ;g gS fd izHkq ls oSj j[kus okyksa
flagL;* czãk.M LQksV;fUuo**4@29@21A dh ukfj;ksa vFkkZr~ eksg ek;k esa Qals vHkDrksa dh
xksLokehth us ^LQksV* Hkko dks Hkh ^^flagukn vJq /kkjkvksa ls ;g
tyfuf/k [kkjk gks x;k gS ^^ro fjiq ukfj #nu dkeuk dk izrhd dgk gS ^êksg nldU/k rnHkzkr
ty /kkjk] Hkjsm cgksfj Hk;m rsfga vgadkj] ikdkfjftr dkefoJkegkjh** fo-
^[kkjk**6@1@3A jko.k eksg dk izrhd gS bls 58@3A buds vU; lgk;dkas ds uke Hkh fou;
igys Hkh dgk x;k gS êksg n'kekSfy] rnHkzkr if=dk ds bl in essa fey tk;sxas A bl eksg
vg¡dkj ikdkfjftr dke foJke gkjh* :ih jko.k dks gh ekuo nsgh ds fy;s lc
fou;58@3A lkFk gh Vhdkdkjksa ds erkuqlkj chekfj;ksa dh tM+ crk;k gS êksg ldy C;kf?kUg
jko.k dk ,d vFkZ #ykus okyk Hkh gksrk gS dj ewyk] frUg rs iqfu mitfg cgq lwyk*
^^fiz;Roke jksRL;";fr¾bfr jko.k%** bldk xw<kFkZ 7@120@29 A bl eksg:ih eqf[k;k dk cgqr
gS fd tks nlkas bfUnz;ksa ds Hkksxksa ls izse djus cM+k ifjokj gS A ftlesa vgadkj vkSj dke ds
okyk gS og jks;sxk gh jks;sxkA ml ikj ¼;kusfd vykok r`".kk] Øks/k] yksHk] eku] eerk] 'kksd]
HkfDr ls nwj½ clus okyk n'kkuu ,slk gh fpark] euksjFk vkfn Hkh vkrs gSaA buls bZ'k dìk
#ykus okyk gSA blfy;s Hkä ds fy;s mls vkSj oSjkX; ds }kjk gh NqVdkjk ik;k tk ldrk
^^tyfuf/k [kkjk** ¼vlsouh;½ dgk x;k A gSA /;ku jgs fd Jhguqekuth egkjkt rks Lo;a
lfgr lgk; jkoufg ekjh A vkum¡ bgk¡ gh fo"k; :ih pkgs ou gks ;k egy gks lHkh dks
f=dwV mikjh AA HkLelkr~ djus okys ije oSjkxh gSa& ^îzcy
jko.k dks mlds lgk;dksa lfgr ekj dj cSjkX; nk#.k izHkatu&ru;] fo"ke ou Hkoufeo
f=dwVkpy dks gh m[kkM+ dj ;gk¡ ys vkm¡ \ /kwedsrw**58@8fou; i-A vr% ;s vkRe
vFkok ys vk ldrk gw¡ A izoapuk,¡ u gksdj gekjs fy;s Li”V lans'k gS fd
lfgr lgk; jkoufg ekjh & bu nks pkSikb;ksa loZleFkZ Jhguqekuth gh gesa eksg&vgadkj vkSj
^flagukn dfj ckjfga ckjk* ls ysdj ^vkum¡ bgk¡ mlds lgk;dksa ls NqVdkjk fnyk ldrs gaSA
f=dwV mikjh* rd ds 'kCnkFkZ ij /;ku nsaxs rks tkeoar eSa iwNm¡ rksgh A mfpr fl[kkouq
,slk izrhr gksxk fd dksbZ ?kksj vgadkjh viuk nhtgq eksgh AA
vkRe foKkiu dj jgk gSA blh izdkj dh gs tkeoarth ! eSa vkils iwNrk gw¡ vki eq>s
vkRe’yk/kk djus ij jketh us jko.k dh Hkh mfpr mins'k ¼lykg½ nhft;sA
fuUnk dh gS ^^tfu tYiuk dfj lqtlq uklfga tkeoar eSa iwNm¡ rksgh & guqekuth dks ;dk;d
uhfr lqufga djfga Nek**6@90@Nan okYehfd izrhr gqbZ fd ohjjl ds izokg esa] muls lhekvksa
jkek;.k esa rks bl izdkj ds chl 'yksd gSa dk vfrØe.k gks x;k gSA D;ksafd mUgsa rks izHkq
¼4@67@9 ls 29 rd½A oLrqr% bu jkek;.k ls bruh gh vkKk feyh Fkh ^^cgq izdkj lhrfg
Hkkxor~ vkfn xzUFkksa esa LFkwy vkf/knSfod yhyk ds leq>k,gq] dfg cy fcjg csfx ^rqEg* vk,gq**A
lkFk lkFk ekuo dY;k.k dh n`f"V ls v/;kRe] vkSj Hkkokos'k esa os rks jko.k dks gh ekj dj
HkfDr] ;skx] osnkUr vkfn fl)kUrksa dk Hkh f=dwVkpy lfgr lhrkth dks gh ys vkus dh
leUo; fd;k x;k gSA blfy;s bu pkSikb;ksa] dg cSBsA [kjh ckr rks ;g gS fd ^vrqfyr
'yksdksa ds vusd Hkko vkSj vFkZ gks tkrs gSa A cy/kkea* gksus ds ckn Hkh os jko.k dks ekj ugha
okYehfd jkek;.k ij tks Jhjkekuqtkpk;Zth d`r ikrsA D;ksafd ukjnthds fn;s opukuqlkj mldh
^Hkw"k.k Vhdk* tksfd dfri; larksa ds ikl gh e`R;q rks Jhjketh ds gkFk ls gh ^^lej eju
miyC/k gSA mlesa mUgksaus loZ izFke vBkjg gfj gkFk rqEgkjk**1@138@7 gksuh Fkh] vkSj
izdkj ls blds vFkZ djds le>k;sa gSa] rc Vhdk Lo;a jko.k ds }kjk vftZr ojnku ds dkj.k Hkh
izkjEHk dh gSA xksLokehth us Lo;a Hkh bl ij ^^jkou eju euqt dj tkpk** mldh e`R;q
fofHkUu Lrjksa ij izdk'k Mkyk gSA fou; if=dk okuj :ih guqekuth ds gkFkksa ugha gks ikrhA
esa mUgksaus jko.k dks vk/;kfRed vFkksZa esa eksg mlds HkkX; esa fo/kkrk us Hkh Jhjketh ds gkFkksa
dk] dqEHkdj.k dks vgadkj dk] vkSsj es?kukn dks ls gh ejuk] fy[kk Fkk îzHkq fcf/k cpuq dhUg
pg lkpk*A1@48@1 ekuo thou dk lR; Hkh rks jketh ds gkFkksa ;kus bZ'k dìk ls] bZ'k Hktu
;gh gS] vU; leLr nsorkvksa dh vkjk/kuk;sa ls gh laHko gS A
gekjs ldy euksjFkksa dh iwfrZ dj ldrh gS] ;gk¡ uhfrxr f'k{kk nh xbZ gS fd iw.kZ
flf) Hkh & lkeF;Zoku gksus ij Hkh fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks
^^dka{kUr% deZ.kka flf)a ;tUr bg nsork%A ofj"Btuksa ls ijke'kZ@lEefr ysdj gh djuk
f{kizafg ekuq”ks yksds flf)HkZofr pkfg;s tks'k esa Hkh gks'k ugha [kksus pkfg;s A
deZtk**AA4@12Jhxhrkth ,ruk djgq rkr rqEg tkbZ A lhrfg nsf[k
ijUrq eksg :ih jko.k vkSj vagdkj :ih fo'kky dggq lqf/k vkbZ AA
dqEHkdj.k ij fot; ;k vad'q k dsoy jketh gh rc tkeoarthus dgk gs rÙoK ! rqe
fnyk ldrs gSaA ;kus dsoy bZ'k dìk ls gh eksg bruk gh djks fd tkdj lhrkth dks ns[k vkvks
vkSj vgadkj ls NqVdkjk ikuk laHko gS] Lo;a vkSj muds lekpkj izHkq dks vkdj dg nks A
dk iq#”kkFkZ rks bUgsa vkSj c<+kok nsrk gS blfy;s ,ruk djgq rkr rqEg tkbZ & ^,ruk* vkSj
tSls gh guqekuth dh izKk us mUgsa psrk;k] os ^tkbZ* in esa tgk¡ leqnz yka?k dj tkus vkSj
vfoyEc lqfoK xq# :ih tkeoarth ls iwN lhrkth dks ns[k dj vkus rd dk dk;Z
cSBs& lqlEiUu gksus ds Li"V ladr s gSa] ogha mlesa
mfpr fl[kkouq nhtgq eksgh & mijksDr ?kVukØe jko.k dks lgk;dksa lfgr ekjus vFkok
dks xksLokehth ds ledkyhu HkDr lwjnklth us f=dwVkpy dks m[kkM+ dj ys vkus tSls
Hkh dye c) fd;k gS & ijeiq#"kkfFkZd dk;ksZa dk fu”ks/k Hkh Lo;eso gh gks
gkSa izHkqtw dkS vk;lq ikm¡A x;kA ^rkr* in NksVs cM+s lHkh ds fy;s iz;qDr
vcgha tkb mikfj yad x<+ mnf/k ikj yS gksrk gSA bldk rkRi;Z gS fd rqe pfpZr fo"k;
tkm¡A ds tkudkj gks ;kus rÙoK gksA cM+cksys iu ls
vcgha tacq }hi bgk¡ rS yS yadk igqpkm¡A ldqpk, gq, guqekuth dks ^rkr* dg dj
lksf[k leqnz mrkjkSa dfi ny fNud foyac lEEkkfur Hkh fd;k gSA
u ykm¡A lhrfg nsf[k dggq lqf/k vkbZ & pw¡fd Jhlhrkth
vc vkoS j?kqchj thfr ny rkS guqear dh ^lqf/k* ;kus fd muds fo"k; esa tkudkjh rks
dgkm¡A bUgs lEikfrth ls fey pqdh Fkh ^^rg¡ vlksd
^lwjnkl* lqHk iqjh vtks/;k jk?ko lqcl micu tg¡ jgbZ] lhrk cSfB lksp jr vgbZ**A
clkm¡AA blfy;s ;gk¡ ^lhrfg nsf[k* dgk vFkkZr~ rqEgsa
Lo;a muds n'kZu djds] HksaV djds vkuk gSA
lwj jkepfjrkoyh&113 vkSj os lekpkj izHkq dks dgus gSaA tkeoarth ds
guqekuth ds lkeF;Z dk izn'kZu ;gk¡ dFku ls ;g Hkh fofnr gksrk gS fd mUgsa izHkq ds
lwj jkepfjrkoyh esa] ekul ds o.kZu ls Hkh }kjk iznÙk eqfnzdk vkSj lhrkth ds fy;s lEizsf"kr
dgha vf/kd c<+k p<+k gqvk gSA D;ksafd buds lans'k ds ckjs esa dksbZ tkudkjh ugha gSA vU;Fkk
vk/kkj Hkwr xzUFk v/;kRe jkek;.k o okYehfd os ;gk¡ bldh vksj Hkh ladr s vo'; djrsA ;ksa
jkek;.k esa blh izdkj ds o.kZu feyrs gSaA fdUrq Hkh eqfnzdk nsus dk dk;Z bruk Rofjr gqvk Fkk
lwj ds guqekuth us loZizFke gh ekdsZ dh ckr fd ‘kk;n gh dksbZ mldk izkdV~; gksuk ;kus fd
dg nh ^^gkSa izHkqtw dkS vk;lq ikm¡** ;kus jketh eqfnzdk vkbZ dgk¡ ls] dSls lkSaih xbZ vkSj fdl
dh vkKk feys rks gh ;s ijkØe laHko gSA ijUrq izdkj eq¡g esa /kjh xbZ] bUgsa ns[k ik;k gks \ vkSj
mUgksaus jko.k o dqEHkdj.k dks ¼eksg] vgadkj fQj ftl lans’k dks izHkq gh xqá j[kuk pkgrs
dks½ ekjus dh ckr dnkfi ugha dhA mldk ej.k gksa] blhfy;s Lo;a gh guqekuth dks vius
vR;Ur lfUudV ysdj dku esa lquk;k gS] Hkyk
mls dksbZ dSls tku ldrk gS\ ^dku* ls bl fo'o:i n'kkZus ds izlax esa& ^^lIrkcju
jkt dks rks Jhguqekuth egkjkt us lhrkeS¸;k Hksn dfj tgk¡ yxas xfr eksfjA
ds le{k gh mtkxj fd;k gS& x;m¡ rg¡ îzHkq Hkqt* fujf[k C;kdqy Hk;m¡ cgksfj**AA7@79 ¼[k½
^dg¡ ge ilq lk[kke`x papy] ckr dgkSa eSa tks xgu Lok/;k; djus okys gSa] os
fo|eku dh A laHkor% ckyh ds izlax esa iz;qä gq;s ^Hkqtcy*
dg¡ gfj&flo&vt&iwT;&X;ku&?ku] ufga fcljfr o in ns[k] eq>ls lger u gksa] mUgsa ogk¡ dksbZ
yxfu ^dku* dh fo’ks”krk u fn[ksA fdUrq fopkj dj ns[ksa fd tks
5@11@3 xhrkoyhA dSyk'k ioZr mBk ysus okys jko.k dks Hkh viuh
/;ku nsosa & fdf"dU/kkdk.M ds izkjEHk esa ;kus dk¡[k esa nkcs j[ks ^^,d dgr eksfg ldqp vfr
fd Jhguqekuth&jketh ds okrkZyki esa jgk ckfy dh dk¡[k**6@24 og egkcyh ckyh
vj.;dk.M rd dh dFkk dk lkj dgk x;k Fkk D;k vius vki esa vn~Hkqr O;fDrRo okyk ugha
ns[ksa ^vkiu pfjr dgk ge xkbZ* 4@1@4 dh gS\ blhfy;s izHkq dks ogk¡ viuk ifjp; nsuk
Vhdk A oSls gh bl v)kZyh ¼lhrfg nsf[k½ esa iM+k ^êe Hkqt*&cy vkfJr rsfg tkuh ekjk
lqUnjdk.M rd dh dFkk dk ewy vk'k; vk;k pgfl v/ke vfHkekuh**A 4@8@10 rF; ;g gS
gsS vkSj vxyh pkSikbZ esa yadk dk.M dh] ,oa fd izHkq ml egkijkdzeh dks fcVi vksV ls gh
Nanksa esa mÙkjdk.M rd dh dFkk lkj :i esa ekj ik;sA
dgh xbZ gS A ^jktho uSuk*& ekul esa jktho u;u] jktho
rc fut Hkqt cy jkfto uSuk A dkSrqd ykspu] jkthok;r ykspua bR;kfn inksa dk iz;ksx
ykfx lax dfi lsuk AA mUuhl ckj gqvk gSA vkSj ;s lHkh dsoy jketh
rc deyu;u Jhjketh viuh Hkqtkvksa ds us=ksa ds fy;s gh iz;qDr gq;s gSaA bu lHkh dk
ds cy ls ¼fu'kkpjksa dks ekjdj Jhlhrkth dks vk'k; ,d gh gS fd vius HkDr ds fgr esa izHkq
ykus dk dk;Z½ djsxas A vkSj dsoy vius dkSrqd ds ;s lnSo dey ds leku dksey] 'khry ,oa
ds fy;s gh izHkq okujksa dh lsuk dks lkFk esa vgSrqd dìk n`f"V j[kus okys us= lnSo ltx
j[ksaxs A jgrs gSa ^^jkftou;u* /kjs /kuq lk;d] Hkxfr
rc fut Hkqt cy jkftouSuk & bl lewph fcifr Hkatu lq[k nk;d**1@17@10A fdUrq dqN
v)kZyh esa ^fØ;k* vkSj ^deZ* nksuksa gh yksi gSA lTtuksa dks dqEHkdj.k tSls vgadkjh ds o/k
;gk¡ izHkq dh Hkqtkvksa vkSj muds lkeF;Z dh ckr ¼Øwj deZ½ ds volj ij Hkh ^jktho uSu* in
dgh xbZ gS] tksfd vdwr gS] ukih ugha tk dks ns[k dj fdafpr~ lk vk'p;Z gksuk LokHkkfod
ldrhA bl fo"k; esa Hkxoku 'akdj dk dguk gS gS ^^lquq lqxhz o foHkh"k.k vuqt l¡Hkkjsgq lSu A
fd izHkq dks deZ djus ds fy;s ykSfdd inkFkksZa eSa ns[km¡ [ky cy nyfg cksys ^jkfto
dh vko';drk gh ugha gksrh ^^fcuq in pyb uSu**6@67A oLrqr% ogk¡ Hkh vius ik"kZnksa ij
lqub fcuq dkuk] dj fcuq dje djb fcf/k izHkq dh vgSrqd dìk n`f"V gh eq[; gS ,oa
ukuk**1@117@5 bl vykSfdd djuh ds dkj.k dqEHkdj.k dh bPNkiwfrZ Hkh mlesas ,d dkj.k gSA
gh izHkq dks ^prqHkqZt* ^^ykspu vfHkjkek ruq ;q) esa tkus ls iwoZ mlus jko.k ds le{k bPNk
?kuL;kek fut vk;q/k ^Hkqtpkjh** vkSj ^vtkuq izdV dh Fkh&
ckgq* ^^vktkuq* Hkqt lj pki /kj] laxzke ftr ^^vc Hkfj vad HksVq eksfg HkkbZ] ykspu lqQy
[kj nw"k.ka** dgk x;k gSA ;g Hkh /;ku jgs fd djkSa eSa tkbZ A L;kexkr ^ljlh#g ykspu*] ns[kkSa
ekul esa tgk¡ dgha Hkh izHkq dh Hkqtkvksa dk tkb rki =; ekspu**6@92@7&8A vfUre
o.kZu gqvk gS ogk¡ mlesa vykSfddrk vo'; gh bPNk rks Qkalh dh ltk ikus okys dzwj dehZ dh
fo|eku feysxhA tSlsfd dkdHkq'kqfMth ds Hkh j[kh tkrh gSA ;s rks Lo;a ds gh ik"kZn gSa ;k
bUgsa nsj vk;n nq:Lr vk;n okys vkylh Hkä
Hkh eku ldrs gSa ;ksa ikfi;ksa dks ltk nsus esa Hkh vuqt l¡Hkkjsgq ^lSu**6@67A bl pkSikbZ esa
izHkq dk ân; n;knzZ jgrk gS blfy;s ^jkfto lsrqcU/kq dh jpuk ls yadk igq¡pus rd dh dFkk
uSu* dgs tkrs gSaA dk ladr s gSA ;ksa Hkh lsrqcU/kq dk izkjEHk ^dkSrqd*
dkSrqd ykfx lax dfi lsuk & ;g ^dkSrqd* in in ls gh gqvk gS&
ukjn&eksg izlax dk ladr s d gS ,oa loZizFke ^^jke pju iadt mj /kjgq] ^dkSrqd* ,d Hkkyw
ogha iz;qDr gqvk gSA vkSj vkxs Hkh tgk¡ dgha dfi djgw**A6@0@8
^dkSrqd* in feys rks tku ysosa fd ;gk¡ ukjn Nan & dfi lsu lax l¡?kkfj fuflpj jkeq
Jki ds dkj.k fy;s gq;s jkekorkj dh dFkk py lhrfg vkfugSa A
jgh gSA ;g ^dkSrqd* in ukjn eksg izlax esa gh
=Syksd ikou lqtlq lqj eqfu ukjnkfn
N% ckj ls vf/kd iz;qDr gqvk gSA ;kKoYD;th
us bl izlax dks ^dkSrqd* uke gh fn;k gS& c[kkfugSa AA
^^laHkq nhUg minsl fgr ufga ukjnfg tks lqur xkor dgr leq>r ije
lksgkuA in uj ikobZ A
Hkj}kt ^dkSrqd* lqugq gfj bPNk j?kqchj in ikFkkst e/kqdj nkl rqylh
cyoku**AA1@127 xkobZ AA
gfj bPNk cyoku ls gh Li"V gS fd ogk¡ dfi lsuk ds lax tkdj Jhjketh fu'kkpjksa dk
ukjnth ds lax tks dqN gqvk og gfj bPNk ds lagkj djsxas vkSj os gh Jhlhrkth dks ys vk;saxAs
dkj.k gh gqvk ^êqfu dj fgr ee ^dkSrqd LoxZ] /kjrh vkSj ikrky bu rhuksa dks gh ifo=
gksbZ**A izHkq us dkSrqd&dkSrqd esa gh viuh ek;k ikou djus okyh bl lq;'k xkFkk dk c[kku
}kjk Jhfuokliqj ls vf/kd jE; lkS ;kstu dk nsork eqfutu vkSj ukjn vkfn djsxaAs ftlds
uxj clk fn;kA vkSj ogk¡ 'khyfuf/k jktk o lquus ls] xkus ls] dgus ls le>us ls euq";
mldh fo'oeksguh dU;k dh lajpuk Hkh djok ek= dks ije in ¼eks{k½ dh izkfIr gksxhA mlh
nh& lq;'k xkFkk dks Jhj?kqukFkth ds pj.k deyksa ds
^fcjpsm ex egq¡ uxj rsfga lr ;kstu yksHkh&Hkzejksa dk lsod rqylhnkl Hkh xk jgk gSA
fcLrkjA dfi lsu lax & lsuk lax D;ksa jgsxh\ bldk
Jhfuokliqj rs vf/kd jpuk fcfc/k HkkokFkZ iwoksZDr pkSikbZ ^^dkSsrqd ykfx lax dfi
izdkj*1@129 A lsuk** esa Li"V gks pqdk gSA
tkeoarth dk vfHkizk; gS fd ogk¡ ml dkSsrqd l¡?kkfj fuflpj jkeq lhrfg vkfugSa %& #nzkorkj
esa izHkq dks fdlh ds lg;ksx dh vko';drk ugha guqekuth us vHkh jkSnzjl ds izokg esa dg fn;k
iM+h] oSls gh ;gk¡ Hkh izHkq dks dfi lsuk dh Fkk ^^lfgr lgk; jkoufg ekjh] vkum¡ bgk¡
dksbZ vis{kk ugha gS A pw¡fd mUgsa ukjnth ds fn;s f=dwV mikjh**A mlh dh otZuk ¼eukgh½ ;gk¡
gq;s Jki dk vuqikyu djuk gS ^^dfi vkd`fr tkeoarth ds bu 'kCnksa esa gSA blesa lqLi"V
rqEg dhfUg gekjh] dfjgfga dhl lgk; rqEgkjh** funsZ'k gS fd jko.k dks ekj dj lhrkth dks
1@137@7 vkSj ije dkSrqdh dks viuk dkSrqd ykus dk dk;Z Lo;a jketh gh djsxaAs blh
vkxs Hkh tkjh j[kuk gS ^^g¡ls jkeq Jh vuqt fn'kk&funsZ'k ds dkj.k gh ek#fr uUnu
lesrk] îje dkSrqdh* dìkfudsrk** 6@116@8] Jhlhrkth dks n;uh; n'kk ns[k dj Hkh ,oa
dsoy blhfy;s os dfi lsuk dks lax j[ksxsaA bl Lo;a esa mUgsa ys tkus dk iw.kZ lkeF;Z gksus ds
rF; dh vksj /;ku vkdf"kZr djus ds fy;s gh mijkUr Hkh eu elksl dj jg x;s] mUgsa dkrj
;gk¡ ûSuk* dk ^lsuk* ls ;kus iqu% fo"ke rqdkar Hkko ls ;gh dguk iM+k& ^^vcfga ekrq eSa tkm¡
fd;k x;k gSA vU;Fkk ^lsuk* dks ^lSuk* cuk;k yokbZ] izHkq ^vk;lq* ufg jke nksgkbZ** 5@15@3NanA
tk ldrk FkkA tSlk fd ^^lquq lqxzho fcHkh"ku
;gk¡ bl i¡fDr esa yadkdk.M rd dk ewy lkjka'k ¼3½ ^cjfu ^mekifr* jke xqu gjf"k x, dSykl*
lek;k gqvk gSA 7@14
=Syksd ikou lqtlq %& bl iwjh dM+h esa lq;'k ¼4½ ^tkfu le; ^ludkfn* vk,] rst iqat xqu
ds ik= ;kus fd lqUnj ;'k dh izkfIr fdUgsa lhy lqgk,*
feysxh bldk Li"V funsZ'k ugha gS A xksLokehth jke dFkk eqfucj cgq cjuh] X;ku tksfu ikod ftfe
dk vfHkizk;% gS fd bl yhyk ds }kjk izHkq ds vjuh*7@31@8 vkSj ukjnth ds fy;s rks dgk gh
lq;'k dk foLrkj rks fu%lUnsg gksxk gh] lkFk gh x;k gS fd os ckj ckj v;ks/;k vkdj jkepfjr
muds HkDrksa dks ¼okuj jhNksa dks½ Hkh =Syksd Hkj xkFkk djrs gSa ^^ckjckj ûkjn eqfu* vkofga]
esa lq;'k dh izkfIr gksxh A bls le>us ds fy, pfjr iquhr jke ds xkofga**A 7@41@4 A
gesa tkeoarth ds mu opukasa dks] tksfd tks lqur xkor dgr leq>r & bl dM+h ds
guqekuth ds yadk ls ykSVus ds mijkUr izHkq ls vUr esa îje in uj ikobZ* ds }kjk
dgs x;s Fks] dks ns[kuk gksxkA ogk¡ mUgksaus ekuo&ek= dks vk'oLr fd;k x;k gS fd izHkq
ioulqr ds lq;'k dks rks =Syksd mtkxj dgk gh dk lq;'k gesa gekjh ik=rk ds vuqlkj pkj
lkFk gh Lo;a dk] Hkkyw&dfi;ksa dk Hkh ¼gekj½ izdkj ls îje in* ;kus eqfDr fnyk;sxk ¼1½
tUe lqQy ekuk gS& Jksrk gksdj ^Jo.k* djus ek= ls ¼2½ e.Myh
^lksb fctbZ fcubZ xqu lkxj] rklq lqtlq =Syksd esa dhrZu ^xk;u* djus ls ¼3½ oDrk ;k O;kl
mtkxj A xn~nh ls ^dFku* djus ls ¼4½ vkSj lar Kkfu;ksa
izHkq dha dìk Hk;m lcq dktw] tUe ^gekj* lqQy Hkk ds e/; esa dFkk dk eeZ ^le>us o O;Dr*
vktw**A5@29@4 ;fn bl mnkgj.k ls vkidh djus ls] ije in dh izkfIr gksxhA Bhd ,slk
fnytebZ de gksjgh gS rks tks ckr Jhjketh us gh vk'oklu Hkxoku 'kadj us ekul dk
jko.k o/k ds ckn dfi&Hkkyqvksa ls dgh gS mlls milagkj djrs gq;s fn;k gS
vo'; gks tk;sxh& ^êu dkeuk flf) uj ikok] ts ;g dFkk diV
êksfg lfgr lqHk dhjfr ^rqEgkjh* ije izhfr tks rft xkokA
xkbgSa A dgfga lqufga vuqeksnu djgha] rs xksin bo ^Hko
lalkj fla/kq vikj ikj iz;kl fcuq uj ikbgS*A fuf/k rjgha**A 7@128@6 ;gk¡ ^^lqur xkor
6@106@NanA dgr leq>r** bu pkjksa izdkj ls eqfDr feyus
lqj eqfu ukjnkfn c[kkfugSa & izHkq ;’k c[kku dh dgh gS oSsls gh eqfDr ds izdkj Hkh pkj gh
djus okys lqj esa ;kus fd czãkth] bUnz vkSj dgs x;s gSaA
Hkxoku f'ko buds }kjk dh xbZ Lrqfr;k¡ rks ¼1½ ^lkyksD;*& ^Jo.k* djus okyksa dks izHkq dk
jko.k yksd ;kus
o/k ds rqjUr ckn gh] yadkdk.M esa gh fey ^cSdq.B/kke* feyrk gSA 'kjHkaxth ds izlax esa
tkrh gSA fdUrq êqfu ukjnkfn* ls ladr s fy[kk feysxk ^^lqusm¡ Jou cu ,sgfga jkek**A
mRrjdk.M esa fo'ks"k dj jkT;kfHk"ksd ds volj vkSj mUgsa cSdq.B feyk ^^jke dìk¡ ^cSd.q B
ij dh xbZ Lrqfr;ksa ls gSA ogk¡ u dsoy nsoksa us fl/kkjk** 3@8@1
cfYd osnksa us] ludkfn eqfu;ksa us] lIrfjf"k;ksa us ¼2½ ^lkfeI;*& xk;u dhrZu djus okys izHkq dk
vkSj ukjnth us Hkh Lrqfr ds :i esa izHkq dk lkfeI; ikrs gSaA lqrh{.kth ds izlax esa vk;k gS
;'kksxku fd;k gS tSls %& ^dcgq¡d u`R; djb xqu xkbZ* rks izHkq dks gh
¼1½ ^fHkUu&fHkUu vLrqfr dfj x, ^lqj* fut muds lehi vkuk iM+k ^rc j?kqukFk fudV pfy
fut /kke* 7@12 ¼2½ ^lcds ns[kr ^csnUg* vk;s* 4@9@16 ;ksa Hkh Hkxoku us ukjnth ls
fcurh dhfUg mnkj*7@13 dgk gqvk gS ên HkDrk ;= xk;fUr r=
fr"Bkfe ukjn*A oLrqr% izHkq dk xq.kxku xkus
okys lxq.kksikld HkäA bUgsa eks{k ;k oSd.q B ls xkgk*1@43@8 ^dgfga ijLij* lquuk lqukuk
Hkh dksbZ ysuk nsuk ugha gS cfYd buds fo”k; esa gh gqvk ;ksa vkSj vkxs izek.k Hkh ns[k ysa&
vHkh tkeoarth us dgk gS fd izHkq tgk¡ ^^pkggq lquS jke xqu xw<+k] dhfUggq izLu eugq¡ vfr
vorfjr gksrs gSa ;s HkDr x.k ogk¡ muds lax gh ew<+k**1@46@4
jgrs gSa ^^lxqu mikld ^lax rg¡* jgfg eksPN blesa nwljk ?kkV ^Kku ?kkV* dgykrk gSA
lq[k R;kfx**5@26A Jhxhrkth esa dgs nkuksa ftlds vkpk;Z gSa f=Hkqouifr Hkxoku 'kadj vkSj
ekxksZa ^^’kqDy d`”.ks xrh º;srs** esa tks ;ksxh bldh Jksrk gSa ek¡ ikoZrhthA budh Js.kh
eksfgr ugha gksrk ^ûSrs l`rh ikFkZ tkuU;;ksxh ^leq>r* okyh gS ftlds ladr s ek¡ ikoZrhth ds
eqg~;fr d’pu** og Hkä ijekRek dk vkfn }kjk fd;s x;s iz'uksa esa feysxa&s
LFkku ikrk gS ^^;ksxh ija LFkkueqiSfr ^jke czã fpUe; vfcuklh] lcZ jfgr lc mj
pk|e~**8@28 rkRi;Z gS fd og izHkq dk iqjcklh* A
blhizdkj ls ^lkfeI;* ikrk gSA ukFk /kjsm uj ruq dsfg gsrw] eksfg ^leq>kb*
¼3½& ^lk#I;*& dFkk djus okys oDrk] O;kl] dggq o`"kdsrw*A1@119@7A
vkpk;Z vkfn] Lo;a izHkq ds ln`"; ¼iwT;½ prqHkqZt rhljk okyk ^HkfDr?kkV* gS A blds
cu tkrs gSaA tVk;wth us Hkh jketh dks lhrk vkpk;Z gS JhdkdHkq'kqf.Mth ,oa blds Jksrk gSa
gj.k dh dFkk gh lqukbZ gS ^^lqugq jke Hkatu fo".kq Hkxoku ds okgu x#M+th o vU; o`)
Hko Hkhjk** rks os fcgaxcjA ;s ^dgr* okyh Js.kh gqbZ D;ksafd ;gk¡
^^xh/k nsg rft /kfj gfj #ik** gks x;s] izHkq ds dFkk fujUrj dgh tkrh gSA ^^cj rj ^dg* gfj
leku gh mudh Hkqtk,¡ Hkh pkj gks xbZa ^^L;ke dFkk izlaxk] vkofga lqufg vusd
xkr fclky Hkqt pkjh**4@31@2A fcgaxk**7@56@7A pkSFkk ?kkV
¼4½ ^lk;qT;*& izHkq dk eeZ le>us okys lk;qT; ^nSU;?kkV* dgykrk gS] bls ^xÅ?kkV* Hkh dgrs gSa
eqfDr ik tkrs gSa vFkkZr~ mUgha esa lek tkrs gSaA ^^tg¡ ty fivfga ckft xt BkVk**7@28@1
ckYehfdth us bl vksj ladr s fd;k gS ^^tkur blds izkpk;Z xksLokehth rqylhnklth gSa vkSj
rqEgfg rqEgb gksbZ tkbZ**2@126@3 'kcjhth ls mudk eu ,oa ge lc ikBd gh muds Jksrk
izHkq us Lo;a iwNk gS ^^tudlqrk db lqf/k gq;sA xksLokehth vkSj ge lHkh dfy;qx ds gSa
Hkkfeuh] tkufg dgq dfj cj xkfeuh**A vkSj vkSj xksLokehth us ekul esa pkjksa ;qxksa ds ekuo
'kcjhth us Hkh lqxhz oth dk irk ,d loZK Kkrk fdl izdkj Hkolkxj ls rjs gSa ;k rj ldrs gSa
ds leku gh crk;k gS ^^rg¡ gksbfg lqxzho vFkkZr~ ijein ik ldrs gSa] bldk o.kZu fd;k
ferkbZ** rnksijkar os izHkq esa gh lek xbZ ^^gfj gS] igys mls ns[k ysa &
in yhu Hkb tg¡ ufga fQjs**3@36@Nan A ^^d`r¼lr½ tqx lc ;ksxh fcX;kuh] dfj ^gfj /;ku*
larksa us êkul* :ih ekuljksoj esa pkj rjfg Hkoizkuh**A
?kkVksa dh dYiuk dh gSA vkSj ekul esa budk ^^=srk¡ ^fcfc/k tX;* uj djgha] izHkqfg lefiZ
izLrqfrdj.k Hkh ^^lqur] xkor] dgr] leq>r** deZ Hko rjgha**A
ds vuqlkj gh gqvk gSA vr% fdafpr ppkZ ^^}kij dfj ^j?kqifr in iwtk*] uj Hko rjfga
vko';d gks xbZ gSA mik; u nwtk**A
ekul dh dFkk dk izkjEHk ^deZ?kkV* ls ^^dfytqx dsoy ^gfj xqu xkgk*] ^xkor* uj ikofg
gqvk gS blds vkpk;Z gSa ;kKoYdth vkSj buds Hko Fkkgk**A
Jksrk ;k f'k"; gaS eqfu Hkj}ktth A budh Js.kh 7@102@14
lqukus vkSj lquus okyh gSa A ftldk izek.k bl ;qx ds o.kZukuqlkj ge lc dfy;qx
muds laoknksa dks ns[kus ls fey tk;sxk ^êTtfga izkf.k;ksa dh Js.kh ^xkor* okyh gqbZA bl ^^lqur
izkr lesr mNkgk] dgfga ijLij gfj xqu xkor dgr leq>r** okys Hkko dks vkSj lqLi"V
djus ds fy;s gh xksLokehth us vxyh ifDr esa xzUFkksa esa of.kZr vklo vfj"V&ok#.kh vkfn ds
Lo;a ds fy;s fy[kk gS ^^nkl rqylh xkobZ** lsou ls jksxh dks fdafpr u'kk lk vk tkrk gSA
j?kqchj in ikFkkst e/kqdj nkl rqylh xkobZ& oSls gh izHkq ds yhyk pfj= dk rUe;rk ls fd;k
pw¡fd Jhjketh dks vkxs ds lHkh dk;Z ijkØe tkus okyk xk;u&dhrZu Hkh HkDr dks erokyk
okys djus gSa] vr% ;gk¡ muds fy;s ^j?kqohj* in cuk nsrk gSA lqrh{.kth xkSjkax egkizHkq] ujfl
iz;qDr gqvk gSA xksLokehth us Lo;a dks ;gk¡] izHkq esgrk] erokyh ehjk vkfn ds mnkgj.k blh
ds pj.kkjfoan dk Js.kh ds gSaA
e/kqdj vFkkZr~ edjan dk yksHkh Hkzej ekuk gSA lqufg ts uj v# ukfj & xkor] dgr vkSj
dgrsa gS fd Hkzej ftl dey ds edjan esa yqC/k leq>r bu rhuks gh dk;ksZa dks djus esa ^lqur*
gks tkrk gSa mls og jkf= esa Hkh ugha R;kxrk gSA ls mÙkjksÙkj vf/kd ;ksX;rk dh vko';drk gksrh
blfy;s lw;kZLr ds ckn dey ds cUn gks tkus gSA xk;u dk dk;Z rks ^nkl rqylh xkobZ* us
ij og Hkh mlh esa can iM+k jg tkrk gS vkSj dj fn;kA vc vR;Ur ljy ^lquus* ek= dk
jkf= esa tyiku gsrq vk;s gq;s gkfFk;ksa ds }kjk dke ge ikBdksa ds ftEes j[kk x;k gS A blesa
fuxyk tkdj dky dk xzkl cu tkrk gSA u rks ^^tkfr ikfr dqy /keZ tM+kbZ] /ku cy xqu
Hkjrth Hkh izHkq ds pj.kkjfoUnksa ds ,sls gh yksHkh prqjkbZ** dh vko';drk gS vkSj u gh L=h]
Hkzej ekus x;s gSa ^^jke pju iadt eu tklw iq#"k] cky o`) vkfn dk gh dksbZ c/kau gSA
yqcq/k e/kqi bo rtb u iklw**1@16@4 vkSj ek= Hkko iwoZd lquus ls gh Hko jksxksa ls ¼bZ";kZ]
xksLokehth Hkjrth ds vuq;k;h gaS& dke] Øks/k] en] eksg vkfn ls½ vkSj vkokxeu
^^fl; jke izse f;w”k iwju gksr tueq u Hkjr ls eqDr gkss tk;sxsaA
dksA iwoksZDr Nan esa ^îje in ûj* ikobZ**
dfydky rqylh ls lBfUg gfB jke lueq[k esa dsoy ûj* dk gh mYys[k gqvk gS] bls vkSj
djr dks**AA2@326 lqLi"V djus ds fy;s gh ;gk¡ ûj ukfj* nksuksa
vr% Lo;a dks e/kqdj&nkl fy[kk gsS vkSj vius dgsA oLrqr% ^v#* in /;kukd"kZ.k gsrq gh chp
fy;s izHkq ds pj.kkjfoUnksa esa Hkzej&xfr gh pkgh esa yxk;k x;k gSA 'kcjhth rks vc rd Lo;a
gSA dks ^^v/ke rs v/ke v/ke vfr ukjh* gh
nksgk &Hko Hks"kt j?kqukFk tlq lqufga ts uj ekurh jghA fdUrq earx _f"k ds opuksa ds
v# ukfj A vuqikyu ek= ls mUgsa Hkh loksZPp ije in dh
izkfIr gqbZ ^^gfj in yhu Hkb tg¡ ufg
frUg dj ldy euksjFk fl)
fQjs**A3@35 Nan A
djfga f=iqjkfj AA xksLokehth us fiNys Nan esa îje in*
Jhj?kqukFkth dk ;'kksxku Hkojksxksa dh ikus ds pkj mik; crk;s FksA ;gk¡ Li"V fd;k
vkS"kf/k gS tks Hkh L=h vkSj iq#"k bls lqurs gSa o fd ekuo viuh ;ksX;rk ds vuqlkj dksbZ ,d
lqusxas os tUe ej.k :ih O;kf/k ls eqDr gks deZ djds Hkh ;kus izHkq ds xq.kkuqxku xkdj]
tk;sxaAs lkFk gh mudh leLr euksdkeuk,a Hkh vkSjksa dks lqukdj] fparu&euu djds vkSj ;s
f=iqjklqj ds 'k=q ;kus Hkxoku 'kadj vo'; iw.kZ lc Hkh u gks lds rks dsoy lqu dj gh ije
djsxsa A in dks izkIr dj ldrk gSA
Hko Hks"kt j?kqukFk tlq & iwoksZdr Nan dk frUg dj ldy euksjFk & nksgs dh izFke iafDr
vfUre ^xkobZ* in ;gk¡ Hkh 'ys"kkFkhZ gS] dksbZ
esa dgs ^^Hko Hks"kt j?kqukFk tlq** in dk vkl;
xk;sxk rHkh rks j?kqukFkth dk ^tlq lqufga* lquk Fkk fd izHkq dk xq.kxku tUe ej.k ls NqVdkjk
tk;sxkA xksLokehth dk vfHkizk;% gS fd
fnykus okyk ,oa jkx&jks"k&bZ";kZfn ls cpkus okyk
Jhj?kqukFkth dk ;'kksxku Jo.k iqVksa ¼dku½ }kjk gS bls vius vki esa fl) ,oa osn] iqjk.k]
xzg.k djus ;ksX; ^Hks"kt* ¼nok½ gSA tSls HkS"kT;
'kkL=ksa }kjk vuqeksfnr rF; dks Lo;a xksLokehth nwtk**6@1@6 izHkq us bls vius fdz;k dykiksa ds
us lqfopkj dj fy[kk gSA fdUrq nwljh okyh }kjk Hkh nksgjk;k gS ^îwft ikjfFko uk;m ekFkk**
iafDr ^^frUg dj ldy euksjFk fl) djfga ^^ladj Hktu fcuk uj Hkxfr u ikob
f=iqjkfj** Jhjketh ds }kjk iz.khr gS] ;kus fd eksfj**7@45 fd iqjk.kkfn esa rks gfj&gj dh
xksLokehth dks izsfjr djds jketh us fy[kkbZ gSA vkilh izse&Hkko dh yhyk,a ns[kus i<+us dks
oLrqr% tks ldke HkDr gSa] LoxZ dh dkeuk ls feyrh gh gSa] ekul esa Hkh /;ku nsxas rks ;=
;k lkalkfjd leL;kvksa dks gh Hko&jksx ekudj r= budh vkilh pqgy o vUr%izse ds fnXn'kZu
iwtk&vpZuk djus okys gSaA mu HkDrksa dks ;gk¡ gks tk;sxaAs Hkxoku 'kadj ds fookg volj ds
Jhjketh us vk'khZoZpu fn;k gS fd Hkxoku bu opuksa dks gh ns[k ysa&
'kadj u dsoy eqfDr gh nsxas vfirq os vkids ^êu gh eu egslq eqlqdkgha] gfj ds fcaX; cpu
eu dh leLr vfHkyk"kkvksa dks Hkh fl) ¼iw.kZ½ ufg tkgha**1@92@7 vkSj mekth ds lax
dj nsxsaA Hkxoku egs'k dk fookg djokus esa jketh dks
vkids eu esa ;g 'kadk mB ldrh gS fdrus ikiM+ csyus iM+s ^cgqfcf/k jke flofg
fd bl vk'khoZpu dks izHkq Jhjketh ds }kjk gh leq>kok] ikjcrh dj tUeq lqukok*1@75@7 ;g
iz.khr D;ksa dj eku fy;k tk;s \ bls le>us lqfoK ikBd ls Nqik gqvk ugha gSA blls Li"V
ds fy;s gesa blh dk.M ds eaxykpj.k ds nksuksa gS fd ogk¡ eaxykpj.k ds lksjBksa esa dk'kh&iqjh o
lksjBksa dh ;s nks iafDr;ksa ¼1½ ^^tg¡ cl laHkq dk'khifr f'ko&ikoZrhth dh efgek dks mn~?kkfVr
Hkokfu] lks dklh lsbv dl u** ,oa ¼2½ ^^rsfg djus okys Jhjketh us gh] ;gk¡ bl milagkj esa
u Hktfl efr ean dks dìky ladj lfjl** ds Hkh] ^^ldy euksjFk fl) djfga f=iqjkfj** ds
eeZ dks iqu% le>uk gksxkA ,sls okD; ftuesa vk’khoZpu ls dgdj vius ^fiz;* dh efgek dks
dgk x;k gks fd ^^tgk¡ f'ko ikoZrhth jgrs gksa] mtkxj fd;k gSA
ml dk'khth dk lsou D;ksa u fd;k tk;s vkSj ^^f=iqjkfj**& ekul dh miyC/k izfr;ksa esa
gs efrean ! rw mu f'koth dks D;ksa ugha Hktrk ^f=iqjkfj* vkSj ^f=fljkfj* ;s nksuksa gh ikB
\ crk muds leku dkSu dìkyq gS** \ fu%lUnsg feyrs gSaA fdUrq xksLokehtth }kjk fy[kk gqvk
bu okD;ksa dks mykgus dh Js.kh esa gh ysuk lgh ikB dkSu lk gSA bldk fu'p; fd;s fcuk
gksxkA vkSj mykguk nsus dk dkj.k Hkh ogk¡ gS] gh ^f=fljkfj* ikB dks lehphu eku fy;k x;k
xksLokehth us bl dk.M ds eaxykpj.k 'yksdksa gSA oLrqr% ;g fuEukfdar dkj.kksa ls mfpr ugha
esa] jketh ds vkjk/; ije fiz; Hkxoku 'kadj gSA
dks ijEijkuqlkj LFkku ugha fn;kA mudh oanuk ¼1½ ,d gh nksgs esa Jhjketh dk uke nks ckj
esa 'yksd ugha dgsA oanuk ugha djus ds ihNs ¼j?kqukFk o f=fljkfj½ iz;qDr gksuk] xksLokehth
xksLokehth dk n`f"Vdks.k ¼laHkor%½ ;gh Fkk fd dh 'kSyh ds vuqlkj] ;qfä laxr ugha yxrkA
vHkh rd rks Hkxoku 'kadj jketh ds lsO; ¼2½ ;g lewpk fdf”dU/kkdk.M Hkxoku 'kadj dh
¼bZ"V½ FksA fdUrq os gh vc guqekuth ds :i esa izlUurk esa laiqfVr ekuk x;k gSA izkjEHk ds
lsod cu x;s gSa ^^tsfg ljhj jfr lksjBs blds izek.k gSaA e/; esa] ckfy izlax ij
jke lks lksb vknjfga lqtkuA iqu% nksuksa ¼dk'kh iqjh o dk'kh ifr½ dh egRrk
#nznsg rft usgcl ckuj Hks trkbZ gS ^^tklq uke cy ladj dklh] nsr
guqeku**AA nks0142 lcfg le xfr vfcuklh**4@9@4A vkSj ekul
vr% oanuk ds 'yksd ugh jpsA pw¡fd mykguk ds bl fl)kUr ^^tsfg egq¡ vkfn e/; volkuk]
'kadjth ds fo"k; esa gS vr% mykguk nsus okys izHkq izfrik| jke Hkxokuk**7@60@6 dk
jketh gh gks ldrs gSa D;ksafd 'kadjth mUgsa vuqikyu lEiw.kZ ekul esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA
loksZPp fiz; gSa ^^flo leku fiz; eksfg u vr% bl dk.M esa Hkh vkfn] e/; vkSj vUr
,d leku gksus ds fy;s ;gk¡ milagkj esa Hkh ds nsus okys gSaA tc ckydk.M esa bfPNr Qy
'kadjth dk uke vkuk vko';d gSA ;gk¡ nsus okys f'ko gq;s] mRrjdk.M esa vHkh"V flf)
‘kadjth ds o.kZu fcuk ;g dk.M lEiqfVr Hkh nsus okys vfEcdk ifr f'ko gq;s rks e/; ds
ugha gksxk] izkjEHk ds dgs lksjBksa dh ckr v/kwjh dk'khiqjh okys dk.M ds euksjFk fl) djus okys
jg tk;sxh] vr,o ^f=iqjkfj* ikB gksuk gh ^f=iqjkfj* ds vykok vkSj dksbZ dSls gks ldrk
mfpr gSA mijksDr ^vkfn e/; volkuk* ds gS \
fl)kUr ls gh ^f=iqjkfj* in ckydk.M o lksjBk& uhyksRiy ru L;ke dke
mÙkjdk.M esa Hkh iz;qDr gqvk gS fdUrq ;g dksfV lksHkk vf/kd A
^f=fljkfj*( 'kCn ekul esa vU;= dgha Hkh ns[kus
lqfuv rklq xqu xzke tklq uke
ugha feysxkA vkSj tc ^[kjkfj* dk uke lHkh
dk.Mksa esa iz;qä gqvk gS rc ;gk¡ NksVs HkkbZ v?k [kx cf/kd AA
f=f’kjkfn dk uke nsus dk D;k vkSfpR; gS\ ftudk Jhfoxzg uhy dey ds leku
¼3½ ekul ds lkrks dk.Mksa dks izkr% Lej.kh; ';key gS A tks djksM+ksa dkensoksa dh 'kksHkk ls Hkh
lIriqfj;k¡ ds :i esa Lej.k fd;k tkrk gS& vf/kd 'kksHkk;eku gSA ftudk uke gh if{k;ksa ds
^^v;ks/;k eFkqjk ek;k dk'kh dkaPph vofUrdk] cf/kd ds leku ikiksa dk uk'k djus okyk gSA
iqjh }kjkorh pSo lIrSrk% mUgha ds xq.kxzke dks vFkkZr jketh ds ;'kksxku
eks{knkf;dk%AA dks lqfu;sA
bl 'yksd ds vuqlkj ;g pkSFkk dk.M gh pkSFkh uhyksRiy ru L;ke & bl iafDr esa Jhjketh
iqjh dk'kh gSA lar yksx bl fdf"dU/kkdk.M dks dk uke fn;s fcuk muds Lo:i dk o.kZu gqvk
dk'kh gh ekurs gSaA blh ds vuqlkj eaxykpj.k gSA fdUrq 'kCnkoyh dh jpuk ;gk¡ dqN ,slh gS
ds lksjBksa esa dk'khth ,oa dk'khiqjk/kh'k Hkxoku fd cjcl gh euq'kr#ik izlax dh vksj
f'ko dh oanuk dh xbZ vkSj vUr esa Hkh bUgsa gh /;kukdf"kZr gks tkrk gSA ogk¡ ijkRij czã dh
bfPNr euksjFkksa dk fl)drkZ ekurs gq;s lEiqfVr vkjk/kuk esa jr Jheuq'kr:ikth us dkeuk izdV
fd;k x;k gSA dh Fkh mUgsa mlh Lo:i ds n'kZu pkfg;s tks
¼4½ vkSj ukjnth ds dgs opukuqlkj Hkh Hkxoku f'ko ds eu esa cls jgrs gSa &
euksokafNr Qyksa ds iznkrk ,dek= Hkxoku f'ko ^^tks l:i cl flo eu ekgha] tsafg dkju eqfu
gh gSa ^bfPNr Qy fcuq flo vojk/ks] yfgv tru djkghaA ns[kfga ge lks :i Hkfj
u dksfV tksx ti lk/ks* 1@69@8 blhfy;s ykspu**1@145@3 ml le; izHkq ftl #i esa
Hkxoku f'ko dks vkS<jnkuh Hkh dgk x;k gS izdV gq;s Fks mlh Lo#i dk vkSj izk;% mUgha
^vklqrks"k rqEg vo<+jnkuh* 2@43@8A Hkko vkSj 'kCnksa esa ;gka dk o.kZu gqvk gS feyku
vo<jnkuh ;kus ik= vik= vkSj dqik= dk dj ns[ksa &
fopkj fd;s fcuk gh eu ekaxh dkeuk iw.kZ djus ^ûhy ljks#g uhy efu uhy uhj /kj
okysA ,d ek= ^f=iqjkfj* esa gh izfrdwy HkkX; L;keA
dks Hkh vuqdy w cuk nsus dh lkeF;Z dgh xbZ gS yktfga ru lksHkk fujf[k dksfV dksfV lr
^^tks riq djs dqekfj rqEgkjh] Hkkfom esfV ldfga dke*AA
f=iqjkfj**1@69@5A ¼5½ ^^vkfn&e/;&volkuk** vHkh blds igys Hkh O;Dr fd;k tk Fkk
ds fl)kUr ij gh xksLokehth us vkS<jnkuh dh fd bl dk.M ds eaxyk pj.k okys nksuksa lksjBs
efgek dks mRrjdk.M esa Hkh nksgjk;k gS ^^dqUn Jhjketh ds }kjk izsfjr gSaA vkSj dk'kh ,oa
bUnq nj xkSj lqUnja] vfEcdk ifre~ ^vHkh"V dk'khifr dh efgek mtkxj djus ds mn~ns'; ls
flf)ne~**7@ 'kyksd@3 vFkkZr~ txTtuuh gh iz.khr gSaA iwoksZDr nksgs dh iafDr ^ldy
JhikoZrhth ds ifr Hkxokuf'ko êuksokafNr* Qy euksjFk fl) djfga f=iqjkfj* Hkh mUghsa ds }kjk
iz.khr FkhA bUgha rhuksa dh izfrfØ;k ;gk¡ Hkxoku
f'ko us vius vR;Ur dksey ,oa Hkko Hkjs 'kCnksa tklq uke v?k [kx cf/kd & vHkh dgk x;k Fkk
esa izdV dh gSA mudh izd`fr gh ,slh gS fd os fd izHkq us eaxykpj.k ds lksjBksa esa dk'kh o
dqN Hkh djus ds iwoZ izHkq ds Lo:i dk /;ku dk'khifr mek egs'oj dh efgek mn~Hkkflr dh
vo'; djrs gaS ^^lqfejr jkeq ân;¡ vl gS&
vkok**]^^Jhj?kqukFk :i mj vkok**1@110@8A ^êqfDr tUe efg tkfu X;ku [kkfu v?k
;gk¡ Hkh igyh iafDr esa mUgksaus izHkq ds Lo:i gkfudjA
dk /;ku fd;k gS vkSj rc nwljh iafDr esa tgk¡ cl laEHkq Hkokfu lks dklh
viuh izfrfØ;k izdV dh gS& lsbv dlu**A
lqfuv rklq xquxzke & Jhjketh ds uke dk izHkq us mykgus 'kCnksa ess xksLokehth ls dgk gS
mYys[k rks bl lksjBs esa dgha ugha gS fdUrq fd dk'khth tks eqfDr dh tUe Hkwfe gS] lexz
muds izlaxksa dh vksj /;kukdf”kZr djkus okys Kkuksa dh [kku gS o leLr ikiksa dk Hkh
ladr s d in ;gk¡ brus lkjs miyC/k gS fd os gh fouk'kdrhZ gS mldh ,slh egkurk ¼lks½ ds ihNs
jke uke dks fofnr djk nsrs gSaA ;gk¡ iz;qDr ,d ek= dkj.k ogk¡ Hkxoku f'ko ikoZrh dk
^tklq&rklq* in Hkh blh izdkj ds ladr s &lsrq gSaA fujUrj fuokl ¼cl½ djuk gh gSA vr%] mls
ekul esa bu ^tklq&rklq* dk ,d lax vkfoHkkZo vknj ls D;ksa ugha xzg.k ¼lsbv½ djrs gksA ogk¡
loZizFke 'kadj ikoZrhth ds laoknksa esa gh gqvk rks jketh dh ckr esa iz{ksi ugha fd;k fdUrq
gSA budh ckn esa Hkh tgk¡ dgha vko`fRr gqbZ gS ;gk¡ mlh dh izfrfØ;k Lo:i Hkxoku f'ko us
rks og dsoy izHkq ds fy;s ;k fQj mudh ^^tklq uke v?k [kx cf/kd** dgk gSA bl
foHkwfr;ksa ds fy;s gh dh xbZ gSA ^lqfuv rklq fo"k; esa Hkxoku 'kadj dk Li”Vhdj.k gS fd
xquxzke* ls Hkxoku f'ko dk vfHkizk; ml ikiksa dks fou"V djus dk dk;Z rks Lo;a izHkq dk
jkekorkj ds pfj= dks lquus ls gS ftlds jkeuke ¼tklq uke½ gh djrk gS] ;kus esjk ;k
dkj.k ikoZrhth lrh&nsg esa Hkzfer gks xbZ FkhA dk'khth dk bless dksbZ ;ksxnku ugha gSA blds
blds iwoZ Hkh f'koth us dgk gS gs Hkokuh! mUgha iwoZ Hkh os ;gh ckr ekrk ikoZrhth ls dg pqds
dk pfj= lquks! ogha Hkze :ih jksxksa dk gjus gSa&
okyk gS& ^^dklh ejr tarq voyksdh] ^tklq uke* cy
^^tklq* pfjr voyksfd Hkokuh] lrh ljhj jfggq djm¡ fclksdh**1@118@1
ckSjkuhA ^v?k [kx cf/kd* & ^v?k* ;kus fd bl tUe ds
vtgq¡ u Nk;k feVfr rqEgkjh] ^rklq* pfjr lquq Hkze fd;s iki] vkSj ^[kx* rkRi;Z iwoZ tUe ds lafpr
#t gkjh**AA1@141@5 nks"kksa&ikiksa ls gSA jke uke bu nksuksa gh ikiksa dk
jketh ds xw<+ rRo dks tkuus dh cf/kd ¼gjrk½ gSA jke uke dks bu Åpkab;ksa esa
ftKklk esa ek¡ ikoZrhth us tks pkSng iz'u fd;s igqapkus dk Js; ukjnth dks gSA mUgksaus Lo;a
gSa ^îzFke lks dkju dggq fcpkjh] fuxqZu czã jketh ls ,slk ojnku ekaxk gS&
lxqu ciq /kkjh**1@109@4 ns[ksaA ogk¡ dh xbZ ^^;|fi izHkq ds uke vusdk] Jqfr dg vf/kd
iz'uksÙkjh esa tks&tks 'kCn iz;qDr gq;s gSa] iz'uksa ds ,d rsa ,dkA
lek/kku ds le; esa izk;% os gh 'kCn blh izdkj jke ldy ukeUg rs vf/kdk] gksm ukFk ^v?k [kx xu
ls tSls ^rklq pfjr lqu* dk ^lqfuv rklq cf/kdk**A 3@41@8 ;gk¡ f’koth ds opuksa ^ûke
xquxzke* ls] ^Hkze #t gkjh* dk ^Hko Hks"kt v?k [kx cf/kd** vkSj ukjnth ds opuksa ^ûkFk
j?kqukFk tlq* ls vkSj ;fn dqN u feysxk rks ;s v?k [kx xu cf/kdk** esa Hkko vkSj 'kCn nksuksa
LFkwy ladr s d ^tklq&rklq* rks ogk¡ vo'; gh esa gh lkE;rk gSA ;g gekjs fy;s ladr s gS fd
fey tk;sxas A ;gk¡ mek egs'oj ds laoknksa ds :i esa gesa
ukjnth dks fn;s x;s Jki ^ûkjn Jki nhUg
,d ckjk] dyi ,d rsfg yfx bl dk.M ds e/; esa Hkh ûke egkRE;* fQj
vorkjk**1@123@5 ds dkj.k gq;s jkekorkj dh feysxk &
dFkk Jo.k djus dks fey jgh gSA ^tUe tUe eqfu truq djkgha] var jke dfg
Jhjkepfjrekul dh bl fof'k"Vrk dh vkor ukgha A
ppkZ dbZ ckj gks pqdh gS ^^tsfg egq¡ vkfn e/; ^tklq uke* cy ladj dklh] nsr lcfg le
volkuk] izHkq izfrik| jke Hkxokuk**A larksa dk xfr vfcuklh*4@9@4
dguk gS fd ftl rF; dk izfriknu miØe esa ;gh ugha] ^êkul&lj&#id** ds ek/;e
fd;k x;k gS ogh e/; esa feysxk vksj vUr esa ls ckydk.M esa jke pfjr dk lkj la{ksi izLrqr
milagkj esa Hkh ogh gksxkA bl dk.M ds gqvk gS ¼ns[ksa nksgk 35 ls 43½ oSls gh bl
eaxykpj.k 'yksd esa ^^dqUnsUnhoj lqUnjkofr fdf"dU/kkdk.M esa Hkh îzo"kZ.k&o"kkZ&o.kZu* ds
cykS** esa izHkq ds :i dk] ^^lhrkUos"k.k rRijkS ek/;e ls ekul dk xqá Hkk"kk esa o.kZu feysxk
ifFkxrkS** ds }kjk yhyk pfj= dk ,oa nwljs A tSsls mRrjdk.M esa dkHkq'kqf.Mth us x#M+th
'yksd ¼czãkEHkksf/kleqn~Hkoa½ ^Jhjkeukeke`re* ds dks la{ksi esa lkjh jke dFkk lqukbZ gS ¼ns[ksa nksgk
}kjk Jhjke uke ds egkRE; dk o.kZu fd;k 63 ls 68½A oSls gh ;gk¡ Hkh iwjh jke dFkk
x;k FkkA rnuqlkj bl milagkj ds lksjBs esa Hkh nksgjkbZ xbZ gSA blesa Hkh ^^vkfn e/; volkuk**
^ûhyksRiy ru L;ke** ds }kjk izHkq ds :i dk] ds fl)kUr dks /;ku esa j[kk x;k gSA ckydk.M
^^lqfuv rklq xquxzke** ds }kjk muds yhyk ls vj.;dk.M dh lekfIr rd dh dFkk rks
pfj= dk ,oa ^^tklq uke ^v?k [kx Lo;a jketh ds eq[kkjfoUn ls dgh xbZ gS ns[ksa&
cf/kd** ds }kjk uke egkRE; dk o.kZu gqvk gSA ^^dkslysl nljFk ds tk,** ls ^^fciz fQjfg ge
dgus dks rks ;g fdf"dU/kkdk.M lcls [kkstr rsgh**A vorkj okn ls ysdj
NksVk ek= rhl nksgksa dk gh gS fdUrq bldh fdf"dU/kkdk.M rd dh dFkk lEikfrth us dgh
xgjkbZ vxk/k gSA euu djus ij blesa lEiw.kZ gS nss[ksa ^^=srk czã euqt ruq /kfjgh** ls ysdj
jkepfjr ekul dk iwjk&iwjk izfrfuf/kRo ns[kus ^^tks uk?kb lr tkstu lkxj** rd vkSj
dks feyrk gSA jke uke dk egkRE; ckydk.M tkeoarth us ^^,ruk djgq rkr rqEg tkbZ]
ds izkjEHk esa ^^canm¡ uke jke j?kqcj lhrfg nsf[k dggq lqf/k vkbZ** ds }kjk
dks**1@18@1 ls ^^czã jke rs ukeq cM+] lqUnjdk.M dh] ^^dfi lsu lax l¡?kkfj fuflpj
cjnk;d cj nkfu**1@25 rd ds 7 nksgksa esa jkeq lhrfg vkfu gS** esa yadkdk.M lekfIr rd
dgk x;k gS] vkSj ekul ds lekiu esa Hkh ^jke dh ,oa ^^=SyksD; ikou lqtlq lqj eqfu ukjnkfn
uke* efgek nksgjkbZ xbZ gS& ^îkbZ u dsfg xfr c[kkfu gSa** esa mRrjdk.M lekiu rd dh lkj
ifrr ikou ^jke* Hkft lquq lB eukA dFkk dgh gSA
xfudk vtkfey C;k/k xh/k xtkfn [ky Qy Jqfr & ftlesa lkrksa dk.M lek;s gksa] O;kl
rkjs ?kukAA ihB ls Lo;a jketh us f’ko&jke dFkk lqukbZ gks]
vkHkhj teu fdjkr [kl Loipkfn vfr gfj&gj ds iszekLin laokn Hkh tgk¡ gksa rks ml
v?k #i tsA dk.M dh QyJqfr lc dk.Mksa ls foy{k.k
dfg ûke* ckjd rsfi ikou gksfga jke ^ldy euksjFk fl) djfg* okyh gks rks D;k
uekfe rsA 7@130@Nan vk'p;Z \ rqyuk gsrq vU; dk.Mksa dh Qy
vkSj fdf"dU/kk dk.M ds izkjEHk o Jqfr;ksa dk voyksdu Lo;a djds ns[ks ysa&
milagkj esa Hkh Jhjke uke dk egkRE; dgk ckydk.M& ^fl; j?kqchj fcckgq ts lizse xkofga
x;k gS] ;g vHkh vHkh crk;k gSA lqufgaA
fdf"dU/kkdk.M rks Lo;a gh ekul dk e/; gS frUg dgq¡ ^lnk mNkgq eaxyk;ru* jke
vkSj bls uke egkRE;dk.M Hkh dgrs gSa fdUrq tlqAA1@321
v;ks/;kdk.M& ^Hkjr pfjr dfj useq]rqylh tks lknj lkcj ea= Hkys gh vuesy v{kjksa o csvFkZ
lqufgaA ^lh; jke in* okys gksa fdUrq jkepfjr ekul rks ^vk[kj vjFk
izseq] vofl gksb Hko jl fcjfrAA2@326 vyad`r ukuk* 1@8@9 okys gSa A budk vkfoZHkko
vj.;dk.M& jkoukfj tlq ikou] xkofga lqufga ts îkf.kfu* ¼O;kdj.k½ fd fl)kUrksa ij gqvk gSA blfy;s
yksxA bls êa= egkefu fo"k; c;ky ds] esVr dfBu dqvad
^jke Hkxfr n`<+ ikofga*] fcuq fcjkx ti Hkky ds*1@31@9 ekuk x;k gSA ,slk D;ksa u gks\ tc
tksxAA3@46 gksBksa dks fldksM+ dj ^lh· lh· lh· lh·* djrs gq;s
lqUnjdk.M& ^ldy lqeaxy nk;d*] j?kquk;d xqu gok fuxyus ek= ls] 'khryhdj.k gksdj Nhdsa vkrh gSa]
xkuA ukd cgrh gS o jDrfiRr okyksa dk ukd ls cgrk gqvk
lknj lqufga rs rjfga Hko fla/kq fcuk jDr can gks tkrk gSA rc Lo;a lkspdj ns[ksa fd brus
tytkuAA5@60 lqUnj <ax ls x<+s gq;s lkeosnh dkO; dk dSlk foy{k.k
yadkdk.M& lej fot; j?kqchj ds] pfjr ts lqufga izHkko iM+sxkA îkf.kfu* lw= esa dgk x;k gS fd ^dkn;ks
lqtkuA ekolkuk% Li'kkZ ;.kks·UrLFkk%A 'ky m"ek.k%* lkjka'k esa
^fct; fccsd fcHkwfr* fur] frUgfg nsfga dgsa rks ^d* ls izkjEHk gksdj ê* ds vUr rd ds o.kZ
HkxokuAA6@121 mRrjdk.M& j?kqcal Hkw"ku pfjr ;g uj dgfga lqfuf’pr LFkkuksa dks Li'kZ djrs gq;s eq[k xqgk ls ckgj
lqufga ts xkoghaA dfy ey euksey /kksb fudyrs gSa] tSls ^d*
fcuq Je ^jke /kke fl/kkogha*AA7@130 oxZ d.B ls ^p* oxZ rkyq ls] ^r* oxZ nUr ls] î*
blhfy;s ekul eeZKksa dk dguk gS fd oxZ vksB ls fudyrs gSaA vkSj ^;.k* vFkkZr ;] j y] o
vko';drk o'k ;fn bl ,d vdsys dk.M dk ;s pkj o.kZ vaUrLFk dgykrs gSaA bu pkj dk mPpkj.k
gh ikB lekfpr gksdj dj fy;k tk;s rks lkrksa varl~ ls ;kus ân; vkSj QsQM+s ls gksrk gS ;s bUgsa
dk.M ds ikB dk ykHk fey tk;sxkA iqf”V iznku djrs gSaA ^'ky* vFkkZr ^'k "k l g* ;s pkj
ekul dh bu QyJqfr;ksa dks fujh o.kZ ^m"e* dgs tkrs gSa A ;s vU; o.kksZa ds lEidZ esa
dYiuk,¡ ugha dgk tk ldrkA larksa us ekul vkdj m"ek iznku djrs gSa] oLrqr% ;s ^‘ky* lEidZ esa
dks ea= Lo:i dgk gSA ,d vk[;kf;dk gS fd vk;s o.kksZa ds vuqlkj ^m"ek*] mtkZ o 'khryrk rhuksa gh
rqylhnklth ds ledkyhu lwjnklth ls tc iznku djrs gaSA xksLokehth us jke uke dh efgek eas
iwNk x;k fd vki nksuksa ds dkO; esa Js"B bldh vksj ladsr fd;k gS ^^canm¡ uke jke j?kqcj dks]
fdldk gS\ rks mUgksaus fcuk f>>ds dg fn;k fd gsrq d`lkuq Hkkuq fgedj dks**1@18@1A blhfy;s ;s
esjk gh dkO; Js"B gSA yksxksa us pqVdh ysrs gq;s ^j* vkSj ê* o.kZ ekul esa lHkh txg ¼N% pkSikb;ksa dks
dgk fd ;g rks ^vius eq¡g fe;k¡ feV~Bw* okyh NksM+½ fdlh u fdlh :i esa vo'; gh ekStwn gaS vkSj
gh ely gqbZA bl ij mUgksaus Li"V fd;k fd gesa ÅtkZ iznku djrs gSaA lkFk gh bl ekuo nsgh ij
dkO; ds #i esa rks esjk gh Js"B gS] xksLokehth _.kkRed izHkko u iM+s bl n`f"V ls ekul esa ^_] .k]
ds rks ea= gSA okLrfodrk Hkh ;gh gS fd ;s 'k] {k] K* o.kksZa dks ;Fkk :i esa iz;ksx u djds muds
xksLokehth ds fy[ks gq, ugha gSA mUgksaus rks Li"V LFkkukiUu ^fj] u ] l] N] X;* dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA mtkZ
dgk gS ^^rl dfggm¡ fg;¡ gfj ds izsjs** {k; u gkss vkSj ldkjkRed izHkko iM+s blfy;s ô* ds
1@30@3A vkSj ekul dks ea= Lo#i cukus dk LFkku ij ^c* o.kZ dk vf/kdkf/kd iz;ksx gqvk gSA izR;sd
dk;Z Jhmek&egs'oj dh dìk ls gqvk gS & oxZ dk nwljk vkSj pkSFkk o.kZ ;Fkk ^[k] ?k] N] >] B]
^dfy fcyksfd tx fgr ^gj fxjtk*] lkcj ea= tky <] Fk] ?k] Q] Hk*] xq: gksrk gS buds mPpkj.k esa ÅtkZ
ftUg flfjtkA vf/kd yxrh gS vr% buds iz;ksx esa Hkh vR;Ur
vufey vk[kj vjFk u tkiw] îzxV izHkko egsl lko/kkuh cjrh xbZ gS] bu dkj.kksa ls ekul dk fuR;
izrkiw*A izfr fd;k x;k ikB eu dks lq[k 'kfkUr o lUrks"k rks
lks mesl eksfg ij vuqdwyk**1@14@7A nsrk gh nsrk gS cfYd] vUrLFk% o.kksZas ^;] j] y] o]* dh
Hkjekj gksus ls jDr lapkj dh fØ;k&izfrfØ;k dks
lqpk# j[krk gSA jDr lapkj Bhd jgsxk rks ân; Lo;a
gh nq#jLr jgsxk A fy[ks vuqlkj ;s 'kCn ;fn ea= gSa
rks fu%lUnsg dk;Z Hkh fl) gksxsa] Hko lkxj ls Hkh rj
tk;saxs] dsoy vkidk fo'okl n`<+ gksuk pkfg,A
AA Jhjke 'kj.ka ee~ AA

ifjf’k”V laLd`r pkjksa csn gh budh lgt 'okl ekus x;s gSa
^^tkdh lgt Lokl Jqfr pkjh**A
‘kCnkoyh dk ^xksfoiz oÙn fiz;kS* ¾ xkS czkã.kksa ds lewg vkSj
dqUn*¾ tqgh&csyk dh iztkfr dk ,d vyH;] budh o`f) bUgsa fiz; gSA
lQsn jax o Hkhuh xkS czkã.k dk loZLo yksdfgr esa yxrk gSA vr%
lqxU/k okyk iq"i tks fd xzh"e_rq es] Hkwfe ij buds laj{k.k ds fy;s gh vorkj ysrs gSa ^^Hkxr
f[kyrk gSA dqan iq"i ds 'osr jax ls Jhy{e.kth Hkwfe Hkwlj lqjfHk lqjfgr ykfx dìkyA djr
ds xkSj o.kZ dh miek nh xbZ gSA blls izlkfjr pfjr /kfj euqt ruq lqur feVfg tx tky**A
gksus okyh lqx/a k gh izHkq dh ;'kdhfrZ esa êk;k ekuq"k :fi.kkSa* ¾ LosPNk ls ek;k ds }kjk
izpkj&izlkj dh] ,oa bl iztkfr dh vyH;rk euq"; :i /kkj.k fd;k gqvk gSA vkxs
gh y{e.kth ds fof'k"V O;fDrRo dh ifjpk;d tkeoarth ds opuksa esa blds lkFk lkFk foxr
gSA fo'ks"k.k ^xksfoiz oÙn* dk Hkh Li"Vhdj.k gqvk gS
^bUnhoj*¾ uhys jax ds dey dh ,d nqyZHk ^^fut bPNk izHkq vorjb lqj efg&xks f}t
iztkfr] tksfd y{ehth dks vfr fiz; gS ^bUnh% ykfx**A lqUnjdk.M ds eaxykpj.k esa Hkh dgk
y{eh% rL;k% oje~ fiz;e~ bUnhoje~* A ';keo.kZ x;k gS ^êk;k euq";a gfje~**] ^^xksf}t /ksuq nso
okys Jhjketh dks bUnhoj&lqUnj dh miek nh fgrdkjh] dìkfla/kq ekuq"k ruq/kkjh**A5@38@3A
gSA tSls :i] jl] xa/k jfgr ty esa ls 'khry] ^j?kqojkS*¾ j?kqoaf'k;ksa esa vki loZJs"B gSa ;Fkk
lqUnj] lqxfU/kr vkSj vkS"k/kh; xq.kksa ls ;qDr ^^j?kqoj Hkwiky pwM+kef.ke~**5@1eaxyk0A j?kqoa'k
dey dk izknqHkkZo gksrk gS oSls gh ;gk¡ fuxqZ.k ds lHkh Hkwi fo}ku /kkfeZd izrkih gksus ds lkFk]
fujkdkj czã dk lxq.k lkdkj esa izkdV~; n'kkZ;k mnkj vkSj ijksidkjh gq;s gSaA blfy, ijczã
x;k gSA oLrqr% ;gk¡ iaikljksoj ls fueTtu us buds ;gkWa vorkj fy;k ^^ysgm¡ fnudj oa'k
djds ckgj vkrh gqbZ izHkq dh >k¡dh ds n'kZu mnkjk**A
gSaA ^l)eZ oekSZ*¾ nksuks Hkzkrk osn lEer] /keZ dk
^lqUnjkS*¾ euksgj] ;gk¡ f}opu dk iz;ksx gS] ikyu djus okyksa ds dop gaSA oeZ¾dop tks
vkxs lHkh fo'ks"k.kksa esa Hkh f}opu dk iz;ksx Lo;a pksV ogu dj /kkj.kdrkZ dh j{kk djrk gS
gqvk gSA A
nksuksa gh Hkzkrk Qwyksa dh Hkk¡fr eu dks gjus okys Jhjke th ds opukuqlkj osnksDr ^l)eZ* dh
gSaA ifjHkk"kk gS&
^vfrcykS*¾ cy ijkØe ds ekeys esa vfr gS ^îjfgr lfjl /keZ ufga HkkbZ ij ihM+k le
vFkkZr~ lHkh lhekvksa dks yk¡?k j[kk gSA pww¡fd ufga v/kekbZ]
iq"i dh miek ls lqdkseyrk ¼uhykEcqt ';key fuuZ; ldy iqjku csndj dgsmWa rkr tkufga dksfcn
dkseykaxe~½ dh Hkzk¡fUr gksrh gS] vr% lpsr fd;k uj** 7@40@1&2
fd ;s nksuksa gh vfr cyoku gSaA ^fgrkS*¾ tho ek=ds fgrS"kh gaS] fu'kkpjksa ds Hkh
^foKku /kkekoqHkkS*¾ nksuksa gh leLr Kku&foKku fgrS”kh dgs x;s gSaA
ds dsUnz gSaA ;s ije Kkuh Hkh gSa] vr% cy dk ^^jke lfjl dks nhu fgrdkjh] dhUgs eqdqr
vgadkj ugha gS vkSj u gh fdlh izdkj dh ^fulkpj* >kjh**A
nqf'pUrk gh gS] blfy;s ;s ^^mek jke lefgr txekgha] xq#firq ekrq ca/kq
^'kksHkk<~;kS*¾ vR;Ur 'kksHkk lEiUu gSAa izHkq ukgha**A
lqxhz oth ds dFkukuqlkj ^îq#"k tqxy cy :i ^lhrkUos"k.k rRijkS*¾ Jhlhrkth dh [kkst esa
fu/kkuk** gSaA rkRi;Z gS fd Jhlhrkth dh fpUrk drZO;:ih rRijk;.krk dk n'kZu gesa vkxs izHkq
esa Hkh budk ru d`'k ugha gqvk gSA ds bu opuksa esa ns[kus dks feysxk ^^,d ckj
ôj/kfUoukS*¾ /kuq/kZjkas esa loZJs"B gaSA dSlsgq¡ lqf/k tkukSa] dkygq thfr fufe"k egq¡
buds /kuq%dkS'ky dh iz'kalk rks Lo;a bUnzthr us vkukSA**
dh gS ^^dg¡ dkslyk/khl nksm Hkzkrk] /kUoh ldy îfFkxrkS*¾ ekxZ pyrs gq;s vFkkZr~ cVkm :i esa
yksd fc[;krk** gSa ¼ns[kr #fpj os"k dS jpuk½A
^JqfruqrkS*¾ osn Jqfr;ksa ds }kjk oanuh; gSaA
blh cVkm :i esa gh ;qxy ljdkj us HkDrksa gks x;s ^^ns[kr #fpj cs"k dS jpuk**A ckyh dh
dks] eqfutuksa dks vius n'kZuksa ds }kjk mUgsa n`f"V Hkh mu ij fVd ugha ikbZ îqfu iqfu fprb
HkfDr iznku djds d`rkFkZ fd;k gS ^^ldy pju fpr nhUgk*]^L;ke xkr flj tVk cuk,¡A*
eqfuUg ds vkJefUg tkb tkb lq[k nhUg**A blh
^ôjf/kUoukS**& lkr rkM+ o`{kksa dks ,d ck.k ls
dk.M] esa guqeku th ls Hkh HksaV ekxZ esa gh gqbZ
gSA <gk fn;k Fkk ^^naqnqfHk vfLFk rky ns[kjk,] fcuq
^HkfDriznkS*¾ HkfDr iznku djus okys gSaA HkfDr iz;kl j?kqukFk <gk,** ,oa ,d ck.k ls gh ckyh
iznku djus dk flyflyk v;ks/;kdk.M ls gh dks ekj fxjk;k ^îjk fcdy efg lj ds ykxs**A
tkjh gSA vj.;dk.M esa Hkh lHkh dks HkfDr nh ^^JqfruqrkS** & ckyh us Lrqfr esa Li”V dgk gS
xbZA vkSj ;gk¡ Hkh ckyh dks ¼jke pju n`<+ ^^lks u;u xkspj tklq xqu fur usfr dfg
izhfr dfj ckfy½] rkjk dks ¼yhUgsfl ije Hkxfr ^Jqfr* xkoghaA**
cj ekaxh½ ,oa Lo;aizHkkth dks ¼vuik;uh Hkxfr ^^xksfoizoÙn fiz;kS**& tkeoarth us yhykorkj dk
izHkq nhUgh½ HkfDr iznku dh xbZA jgL; crkrs gq;s dgk gS ^^fut bPNk izHkq
^rkSfg u%*¾ gesa Hkh fu'p; gh HkfDr nsus okys vorjb lqj efg xks f}t ykfx**A
gSaA xksLokehth dks Hkh cVkm ds :i esa gh izHkq ^êk;k ekuq"k #fi.kkS**& pUnzek eqfuus laikfrth
ds n'kZu gq;s Fks ^^dfc vyf[kr xfr cs"kq dks Hkfo"; esa gksus okys jkekorkj dk izlax
fcjkxh] eu Øe cpu jke vuqjkxh** vkSj lqukrs gq;s dgk gS ^^=srk¡ czã euqt ruq
HkfDr dk vk'khokZn Hkh mUgsa ogha lhrk eS;k ls /kfjgh] rklq ukfj fuflpj ifr gfjgh**A
feykA ^^tufu tkfu fllq nhfUg ^^j?kqojkS**& rkjk ds opu gS ^^dkslysl lqr
vlhlk**A2@110@4 ;gk¡ tc lc dks HkfDr yfNeu jkek] dkygq thfr ldfga laxzkek**
izkIr gks jgh gS rks xksLokehth gesa Hkh vk’oLr ^^l)eZoekSZ**& izHkq us lqxhz o th dks vk'oklu
dj jgsa gSa fd HkfDr vo'; izkIr fn;k gS ^^l[kk lksp R;kxgq cy eksjsa] lc fcf/k
gksxhA&&&&&&&& ;g 'yksd bl dk.M dk chtd ?kVc dkt eS rksjsa**A ckyh us ^/keZ gsrq vorjsgq
¼Bill½ Hkh gSA ;gk¡ iz;qDr fo'ks"k.kksa ds vuqlkj xkslkbZ* ds }kjk izHkq dks tks mykguk fn;k gS og
gh bl dk.M esa lc pfj= ?kfVr gq;s gSa ;Fkk& iwjk izlax blh ds vUrZxr gSA
^dqUnsUnhoj lqUnjkS* & Jhguqekuth dks nksuksa gh ^^fgrkS**& pjkpj ds fgrS"kh gS ^^mek jke le
Hkzkrk iq"i ds leku dksey yxs ^^dfBu Hkwfe fgr txekgha] xq# firq ekrq ca/kq izHkq ukgha**A
dksey in xkeh**& vr% mUgksaus] mUgs iq"iksa dh ^^lhrkUos"k.krRijkS**& izHkq ds gh opu gSa& ^^lqf/k
rjg mBk dj ihB ij p<+k fy;k ^fy;s nqvkS u rkr lhrk dS ikbZ** vkSj ^dkygq thfr fufe"k
tu ihfB p<+kbZ* egq¡ vkukS*
^^vfrcykS**& lqxhz oth dks izFke n'kZu esa gh ^îfFkxrkS**& Lo;a iaiklj ls pyrs gq;s vk;sa gSa
bldh izrhfr gqbZ ^vkor nsf[k vrqy cy lhaok*] ^^vkxas pys cgqfj j?kqjk;k**] okujksa dks Hkh pkjkas
rkjk dks Hkh ;gh lwpuk feyh Fkh ^^lquq ifr rjQ Hkstk gS ^^ckuj twFk tkgq pgq¡ vksjk**]
ftUgfg feysm lqxhz ok] rs }kS ca/kq rst cy ^pys ldy cu [kkstr lfjrk lj fxfj [kksg**A
lhoka**A ^^HkfDr iznkS**& rkjk dks HkfDr nh gS ^yhUgsfl
^^foKku /kkekoqHkkS**& y{e.kth us vkpk;Zor ije Hkxfr cj ekxh*] Lo;aizHkkth dks Hkh nh gS
lqxhz okfn dks jke pfjr lquk;k gS ^^yfNeu jke ^^vuik;uh Hkxfr izHkq nhUgh**A
pfjr lc Hkk"kk**A izHkq us lqxzhoth dks Kku dh ^^rkS fg u** & fdf"dU/kkdk.M ds milagkj esa
izrhfr djkbZ gS ^^mitk Kku cpu rc cksys** blhdk 'kqHkk'khokZn fn;k gh x;k gS ^^frUg dj
vkSj rkjk dks Hkh mins'k fd;k gS ^^nhUg X;ku ldy euksjFk fl) djfga f=iqjkfj**A
gfj yhUgh ek;k**A
^^'kksHkk<ÓkS**& îq#"k tqxy cy :i fu/kkuk* rks
;s gSa gh] guqekuth Hkh mUgsa ns[kdj LrfEHkr ls
czãkEHkksf/kleqn~Hkoa& czã¾osn] vEHkksf/k¾tyf/k] leqnz]
mn~Hkoa¾mn~xe] mRiUu] izdV tks osn #fi leqnz ls
izdV gq;s vFkkZr jkeukeA
osn prq"eq[kh czãkth ds }kjk izdV gq;s gSa
vkSj osnkFkZ ds :i esa ghs okYehfdth ds eq[k ls jkek;.k
izdV gqbZ gS ^ôsn os|s iqfj iqafl tkrs n'kjFkkRets] osn%
izkpsr lknklhr lk{kkn jkek;.kkReuk**A fdUrq 'krdksfV
jkek;.k esa ls Hkh Hkxoku 'kadj us ek= jkeuke ds nks
v{kj gh pqus ^^jke pfjr lr dksfV eg¡ fy;s egsl
ft; tkfu**1@25A
dfyey iz/oalu& dfyey¾ dke] Øks/k] en] yksHk]
diV] gB] naHk] }s"k]
ik[k.M vkfnA iz/oalua ¾fouk'k djus okysA
'kkL= lEer gS fd ^jke* dk ^j* dkj] ^v* dkj vkSj
ê* dkj Øe'k% 'kq"kqEuk] fixayk vkSj bMk ukM+h dks
pSrU; j[krs gSaA ^^gsrq d``lkuq Hkkuq fgedj dks**] blds
mPpkj.k ls ân;&ra=h dks foJke ds :i esa fi;w"k
¼ve`r½ dh izkfIr gksrh gS ^ûke lqizse fi;w"k ân frUggq
fd, eu ehu**A1@22 rkRi;Z gS fd jkeuke dh
rYYkhurk esa ;s dfyey fudV gh ugha vk ikrsA

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