Thursday, October 8, 2009

Nick Saban: Middle of the Field Safety Coverage Principles (Cover 1)

Cover 1

The simplest and best defense in football is man-free coverage.

It covers everything, it stuffs the run, and it defends the middle of the field.
It’s the #1 coverage in pro ball ....basically because you can’t get away with playing
Cover 3.

Just like it sounds, man-free coverage is man-to-man defense with a free safety in the
deep hole (and a linebacker in the shallow hole). Players simply line up and play the
respective man across from them.
1. Corners always take the first receiver outside (and use the MOF divider just like
in C3)
2. The Strong Safety displaces to the second receiver
3. The Mike and Sam play the backs respectively (Sam has first back out strong /
Mike has third back)
4. The Will takes the first back out weak or the second receiver weak.

As can be found on page 167 of the LSU playbook, where it explains Cover 1
assignments and adjustments to each formation. The position-maintenance covered in the
first section of this series plays a major part in funnelling receivers into the free safety /
rat-in-the-hole help and eliminates duplication of effort. With man coverage, there
becomes fewer opportunities for interceptions, but it increases the chances of an
incompletion.
The main nuance of this coverage has to do with a challenging/conflicting assignments
for the backers. Because the main thrust of the defense is to stop the run from the inside
out and keeping the defenders playing fast, the premise is to keep the linebackers focused
on the backs and TE. Saban uses an alert code (RAT) to prevent a potentially ‘coverage
breaking’ route.

“RAT” is used to alert inside backers of the strong safety passing off his responsibility
(tight end) to the inside linebackers. When the second receiver (tight end) stems inside
(shallow), if the strong safety ran with him, he would be immediately vacating the
perimeter (where the run game would likely be attacking) as well as running into the path
of the (run game) pursuing linebackers (potential rub/pick). To quickly circumvent this
hazard, when the tight end stems inside, the strong safety will declare/yell “RAT!”. “Rat”
means a guy is coming into the funnel (is being funneled) and the remaining defender in
the hole should cut/reroute and jump this receiver as he approaches.

This call accomplishes two things. First, it alerts the next backer over (Sam) that the
strong safety will take his assigned man (first back out), and he should now adjust to the
second back out strong. Secondly, it tells the Mike, who is the “rat in the hole” that he is
going to have company soon (crossing tight end) and can jump this route as it comes.

This leaves the defense with +1 in the box, putting 3 linebackers on 2 (remaining) backs
(see diagram below).

Because the 'rat' rules can be influenced by the first crosser, how does all this shake out in
a real-time scenario? How is it all able to remain consistent and adjust to multi-level
passing attacks? In the example below, the "shallow" or "NCAA" post/dig concept is
utilized to attack the defensive coverage at 3 levels.
The corners obviously eliminate the outside receivers. Because the Y aligns inside the
divider and is being funnelled into middle-of-the-field coverage, the strong safety aligns
outside and his vertical positioning on him will be low-shoulder (see first post on position
maintenance). This puts the strong safety in perfect position to deny the vertical-to-inside
breaking dig route (with additional free safety sitting over the top in the deep hole to deny
the dig and the post). Because the second receiver immediately takes an inside route
(shallow), he is passed off to the rat-in-the-hole (S) who is looking to cut this receiver as
he comes across the formation. The flow-side backer (M) to the side the back (F) releases
takes his man into the flat/flare. Because the back is accounted for by the absolute 'funnel'
rules (2 on 1), the W, who has released his shallow to the rat, is free to ROBOT (Roll and
Run to find the seam/TE). Since he is not threatened by #1, #2, or #3 weak, the W, in this
concept immediately bails to find the TE and rob the intermediate hole (ROBOT). This
provides a 3-level-man-defense against this concept.

Obviously, walking out a linebacker on a weak receiver is not ideal, so what happens if a
back motions out of the backfield or you are confronted with a true 1-back set? Do you
displace a linebacker and leave yourself vulnerable to inside run? This isn't a good
option, therefore a second alternative is offered ("1 Alert").
1 ALERT

Because we just want linebackers matched up with backs and tight end, when confronted
with a second receiver weak, “1 Alert” is used to precipitate an adjustment by the
safeties. The defense will spin the safeties to the second receiver weak.

1 Alert means the tight end and remaining backs are taken by linebackers. All breaks are
taken by safeties. To accommodate or adjust to this, the safeties will spin the coverage
 (typically away from the TE). Rather than walking out backers, the safeties adjust and the
S takes the TE, leaving the M & W on the remaining back (2 on 1, as pictured below).

This essentially slides the backers away from the spin, leaving a 2 on 1 advantage with
the linebackers on the remaining back. The linebacker to the side the back releases takes
the back, the remaining linebacker becomes the rat in the hole. In summary;

 “Funnel” when LBs have 3 on 2 versus the backs

 “Alert” when LBs have 2 on 1 versus the backs.