James Perlas

Chem Lab Section 18

4/10/12
Lab Partner: Alex Lee

Experiment 7: Chemical Kinetics

Introduction:

This purpose of this lab was to carry out the oxidation reaction between iodide and
peroxydisulfate with and without a catalyst to learn the rate law for each reaction. This was done
through a series of experiments with varying temperature and concentrations to see how the
differences affect the rate of reaction.

Analysis of Results:

Run 5Aa: Individual work

Student Start Time Finish Time Change in time (sec)

1 0 104s 104
2 0 101s 101
3 0 127s 127
4 0 123s 123
Average change in 113.95
time (sec)

Run 5A_a, 5A_b, and 5A_c

Experiment (I-)0 (S2O82-)0 Δt Initial Rate Δ

((S2O82-)/ Δt
5A_a .03953 .09881 113.75 1.74 x 10-5
5A_b .01976 .09881 258 7.67 x 10-6
5A_c .03953 .0494 246 8.05 x 10-6

Value of k

5Aa: 4.46 x 10-4 Average: 2.83 x 10-3

5Ab: 3.92 x 10-3 Room temperature: 22°C

5Ac: 4.13 x 10-3

Temperature Dependence (Uncatalyzed):

Temp. (I-)0 (S2O82-)0 Δt Initial Rate Δ

((S2O82-)/ Δt
35 .0198 .0491 78 2.45 x 10-5
0 .0395 .0988 346 5.77 x 10-6

K Ln k T 1/T

6.95 x 10^-2 -2.67 339 2.95 x 10^-3

2.6 x 10^-2 -3.65 308 3.25 x 10^-3
1.47 x 10^-3 -6.52 272 3.67 x 10^-3

Catalysis by Cu^2+^

Vol Cu2+ [Cu2+] Start Time Finish Time

1: 5 x 10-5L 3.95 x 10-5 0s 91s

2: 5 x 10-5L 7.90 x 10-5 0s 49s
3: 5 x 10-5L 1.58 x 10-4 0s 22s

Calculations:

5 x 10-5L * (.02) * 1/.0253L = 3.95 x 10-5

5 x 10-5L * (.04) * 1/.0253L = 7.90 x 10-5

5 x 10-5L * (.08) * 1/.0253L = 1.58 x 10-4

(Cu2+) (I-)0 (S2O82-)0 Δt Initial Rate Δ

((S2O82-)/ Δt
3.95 x 10-5 .01976 .09881 91 2.176 x 10-5
7.90 x 10-5 .01976 .09881 49 4.041 x 10-5
1.58 x 10-4 .01976 .09881 22 9 x 10-5

Room temp k (catalyzed) 282.23, 262.317, and 292.113

Average k: 281.22
Team 2: Temperature Dependence (Catalyzed)

Temp. (Cu2+) (I-)0 (S2O82-)0 Δt Δ (S2O82-)/ Δt

35°C 7.90 x 10-5 .01976 .09881 80 2.475 x 10-5
0°C 7.90 x 10-5 .01976 .09881 150 1.32 x 10-5

K Ln k T 1/T

6.8 x 10^-8 -16.50 273 3.66 x 10^-3

4.041 x 10^-5 -10.11 292 3.42 x 10^-3
1.365 x 10^-7 -15.81 308 3.25 x 10^-3

Questions:

1. The concentration of the reactants affect the rate of a chemical reaction. A higher
concentration of reactants leads to an increased reaction rate of the chemical reaction.
This is because a higher concentration of reactants leads to effective collision per unit
time which ultimately leads to an increased reaction rate.
2. An increase in temperature affects the rate of a chemical reaction by increasing it as well.
Since temperature is a measure of a kinetic energy of a system, higher temperature means
higher kinetic energy and therefore a faster reaction rate.
3.
a. If the concentration of NO_2_ Is tripled, then the reaction rate would increase by
a factor of 9.
b. If the concentration of NO_2_ and Cl_2_ are both doubled, then the reaction rate
would increase by a factor of 8.
c. If the concentration of Cl_2_ is halved, then the reaction rate would decrease by a
factor of 2.
4. The addition of a catalyst, like the copper ion lowers the activation energy. A catalyst
works by increasing the collisions between reactants by altering the orientation of
reactants so that more collisions are effective. The presence of a catalyst helps the
reaction move closer to equilibrium.
Conclusion:

(Cu2+) (I-)0 (S2O82-)0 Δt Initial Rate Δ

((S2O82-)/ Δt
3.95 x 10-5 .01976 .09881 91 2.176 x 10-5
7.90 x 10-5 .01976 .09881 49 4.041 x 10-5
1.58 x 10-4 .01976 .09881 22 9 x 10-5

The above graph shows how the concentration of (Cu^2+^) as a catalyst is proportional to the
rate of the reaction.

Team 2: Temperature Dependence (Catalyzed)

Temp. (Cu2+) (I-)0 (S2O82-)0 Δt Δ (S2O82-)/ Δt

35°C 7.90 x 10-5 .01976 .09881 80 2.475 x 10-5
0°C 7.90 x 10-5 .01976 .09881 150 1.32 x 10-5

In the above graph, this concludes that the reaction rate will decrease if the temperature
decreases and increase with the temperature.

Catalysis by Cu^2+^

Vol Cu2+ [Cu2+] Start Time Finish Time

1: 5 x 10-5L 3.95 x 10-5 0s 91s

2: 5 x 10-5L 7.90 x 10-5 0s 49s
3: 5 x 10-5L 1.58 x 10-4 0s 22s

The above graph shows how the addition of more of Copper will make the reaction time proceed
faster proportionally. If twice as much copper is added, then the reaction proceeds twice as fast.

It can be concluded from the results of this experiment that temperature, as well as the presence
and the amount of the catalyst, determines the rate of the reaction. Increasing temperature results
in a faster reaction. While the presence of a catalyst also results in a faster reaction and an
increased amount of the catalyst will speed up the reaction even more.