TRAFFIC CONTROL EQUIPMENT

& ROAD FURNITURE

This topic covers types of road furniture, traffic control
devices, types of road stud and traffic signboard.

Edited by Miss Anne 2015

 INTRODUCTION
• TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE
– Traffic control devices include all traffic
signs, traffic lights, road signs, and other
devices placed on or sight of a street or
highway by the public authorities
 FUNCTIONS
1. To provide convenience to the user
to reach the destination
2. To provide security for the traffic
user
3. To avoid traffic conflict at complex
or congested areas
4. To smoothen traffic flow or to
manage the traffic flow efficiently.
5. To give warning on the dangerous
condition along the road way or
highway
 Fulfill the
needs of
traffic

Provide ample Get the

time for road attention
users to react of traffic
correctly BASIC
CHARACTERISTIC
OF TCD

Get Convey a
appreciation clear, simple
from road users meaning
 REQUIREMENTS
• Design of devices
• Placement of devices
• Operation /
application of devices
• Maintenance of devices
• Uniformity of devices
TRAFFIC SIGNS
 TYPES
REGULATION WARNING INFORMATION

MANDATORY

PROHIBITORY

TEMPORARY
 REGULATION

MANDATORY
• Mandatory signs give users notice of traffic laws or regulations. Such signs,
designate right-of-way
• For example: indicate speed control, control movements, regulate parking
control pedestrian movements and regulate traffic in various other ways.
• Mandatory signs are usually blue in color with white symbols and is either
rectangle or circle in shape. Some signs such as STOP and Speed Limits
may be red in color.
• Examples:
 REGULATION

PROHIBITORY
• Prohibitory signs informs road users actions that cannot be
performed at the area.
• For example, no u-turn, no waiting and no unload, no parking and
prohibitory weight especially for car, size car and height.
• Prohibitory signs are usually white in colour with black symbols
and red outlines.
• Examples:
 WARNING
• Warning signs are to alert road users to conditions on or adjacent to a street or
highway those are potentially hazardous to traffic operations.
• Such signs require motorists to exercise caution, reduce speed, or make some
maneuver in the interest of their own safety or that of other motorists or pedestrians
• Examples of warning signs are curve signs (showing curved arrow), STOP AHEAD
signs, PAVEMENT ENDS signs, and advisory speed plates. The latter signs
supplement other types of warning signs.
• Warning signs have a black symbol and border placed on a yellow background. They
maybe triangle or rectangle but are usually diamond shaped.
• Examples:
 INFORMATION
• Also known as Guide signs, information signs indicate route designations,
directions, distances, point of interest, and other geographic or cultural
information.
• Other examples of guide signs include JUNCTION signs, DETOUR signs, REST
AREA signs, and service signs (FOOD, GAS, LODGING, etc ).
• Information signs are usually blue, green or brown in colour with white writings.
• Examples:

Distance Signs:
Informative Signs:

Direction Signs:
 ROAD SIGNS
(aka ROAD MARKINGS)
 ROAD SIGNS OR ROAD MARKINGS
• Defined as lines, symbols, words, numbers or other recorded
instrument, or mounted on the sill of the road surface or road.
• In contrast to the traffic signs, markers continuously provide
information to motorists.
• Roads signs can be divided into two types:
- Signs on the road surface (Non-mechanical)
- Mechanical Road Marks
ROAD MARKINGS
 PURPOSE OF ROAD MARKINGS
• To mark the class path.
• To give the user access to the user.
• To be a reference to the road authorities.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ROAD MARKS
• Street signs can be used to guide and control the
position of the vehicle and complete a number of traffic
signs
• To channel traffic into the correct position on the route.
• To separate opposing traffic flows.
• To determine the boundaries of the prohibition zone,
overtake and turning lanes at intersections.
 TYPE OF MATERIAL USED IN THE
ROAD MARKINGS
 PAINTS (reflectorized and non-reflectorized)
 THERMOPLASTIC (reflectorized and non-reflectorized)
 PREFORMED POLYMER PLASTIC TAPES
 EPOXY
 Powder lanes, glass beads etc..
PAINT
• Paint, sometimes with additives such as retroreflective glass beads, is generally used
to mark travel lanes
• It is used to mark spaces in parking lots or special purpose spaces for disabled
parking, loading zones, or time-restricted parking areas.
• Paint consists of three main components: pigments, resins or binders, and water or
solvents.
• Paint is usually applied right after the road has been paved. The road is marked
commonly by a truck called a "Striper.“
• Painted symbols, such as turn-lane arrows or HOV lane markers, are applied
manually using stencils. Painted markings usually last 9 to 36 months.
• Examples:
TERMOPLASTIC
• The most common types of road marking based on its balance
between cost and performance longevity.
• Thermoplastic binder systems are generally based on one of three
core chemistries: hydrocarbons, rosin esters or maleic modified
rosin esters (MMRE).
• Applied using specially designed vehicles called road marking
machine to coating traffic lines, and the road paint needs preheating
by a device commonly called a preheater.
• In the warm climate areas, the thermoplastic markings can last 3 to
6 years.
• Example:
PREFORMED POLYMER PLASTIC TAPES

• Commonly referred to as tape or cold

plastic, this product is heavy-grade
material with reflective beads
embedded in the plastic.
• It is commonly used to
mark crosswalks, stop bars, and traffic
guidance such as turn lanes, HOV
lanes, train crossings, pedestrian
crossings, taxi lanes, bus lanes,
and bike lanes.
• Two types of application:
– Overlay: The application being laid over the
surface of the pavement
– Inlay: The tape physically becomes part of
the asphalt.
 EPOXY
• Epoxy contains two parts which are a pigmented resin
base and catalyst.
• The two parts are mixed in a specialized truck for epoxy
marking application.
• The epoxy is then heated prior to spraying onto road
surface. Retroreflective glass beads are applied using a
separate bead gun behind the epoxy spray gun.
• Typically, epoxy markings last about 4 years.
• Example:
MECHANICAL ROAD MARKINGS
Mechanical devices may be raised or recessed into the road surface, and
either reflective or non-reflective. Most are permanent; some are movable.
Examples of Mechanical Road Markings are:
i. Cat’s eye (also known as road studs)
– consist of four reflective lenses mounted in a durable white rubber housing, two facing fore
and two facing aft.
– The lenses are available in a variety of different colours, mainly white, yellow/orange,
green, red, and blue.
ii. Bott’s Dots
– one type of a mechanical non-reflective raised marker. Generally they are used to mark the
edges of traffic lanes, frequently in conjunction with raised reflective markers.
iii. Rumble Strips
– use raised strips, painted or glued to the surface. A specific form of raised strips using
thermoplastic is called profile thermoplastic markings. The markings are created by fusing
thermoplastic to the pavement and create alternating elevation and recession pattern.
iv. Reflective markers
– used as travel lane dividers, to mark the central reservation (median) or to mark exit slip-
roads
 COLORS USED IN ROAD MARKINGS
• All road pavement markings shall be white in color.

• Yellow paint may be used at:

a) Yellow boxes in the urban areas
b) curb markings showing parking prohibitions covered by signs or
ordinance.
c) parking bays for taxis, buses and pedestrian crossings.
d) Yellow bars at approaches to roundabouts and crosswalks.
 TYPES OF ROAD MARKINGS LINES
• Longitudinal lines
• Transverse lines
• Diagonal and chevron markings
• Ordering on pavement
• Arrows
• Entry sign to railroad crossings
• Vehicle parking area limit
• Yellow box
• Transverse yellow bars
• Paved road shoulder sign
 ROAD STUDS
• When road condition is wet, reflectorized road
lines with reflectorized road studs is much
needed.
• 3 types of road studs:-
i. Cat’s eye
ii. Corner cube
iii. Ceramic
CAT’S EYE
• The cat's eye is a retroreflective safety
device used in road marking and was the first of a
range of raised pavement markers.
• It originated in the UK in 1933 and is today used
all over the world.
• It consists (in its original form) of two pairs
of reflective glass spheres set into a white rubber
dome, mounted in a cast-iron housing.
• This is the kind that marks the centre of the road,
with one pair of cat's eyes showing in each
direction.
• A single-ended form has become widely used in
other colours at road margins and as lane
dividers.
• Cat's eyes are particularly valuable in fog and are
largely resistant to damage
CORNER CUBES
• A cube, also known as acorner
reflector is a retroreflector
consisting of three mutually
perpendicular, intersecting flat
surfaces, which reflects waves back
directly towards the source, but
translated.
• Corner cubes have individual
reflectors in each face of the stud
consists of three sides of cube
• It give 20 times more light than
cat’s eye at a distance of 100 mm
CERAMIC ROAD STUDS
• Consisting of a heat-
fired, vitreous & ceramic
base and a heat-fired,
opaque & glazed
surface to produce the
properties
• Ceramic markers' glaze
protects against rainy
days with excellent
visibility.
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
ROAD STUDS
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Provide great visibility for drivers at Costly
night and during bad weather
conditions.
Prevent fatal accidents and Frequent
serious injuries caused by hidden maintenance required
and hard-to-see center lines.

Maximize the drivers ability to

operate and maneuver through
dark spots, or dangerous sharp-
curved
Thank You!

NHMK 2015