Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chemistry Project 1
Chemistry Project 1
2
Meaning of Adsorption
3
Application of Adsorption
4
Birth of Freudlich Equation
5
Freundlich Equation
6
Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm
It is also written as
or
It is also written as
where
x = mass of adsorbate.
m = mass of adsorbent.
p = Equilibrium pressure of adsorbate.
c = Equilibrium concentration of adsorbate in solution.
7
Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm Graph
8
Adsorption of Acetic Acid on Charcoal
The amount of adsorption, given the symbol Y, has units of moles adsorbate per
mass adsorbent.
If the adsorbate is a gas, Y may have units of volume adsorbate per mass
adsorbent. The amount of adsorption Y increases with the concentration c of the
adsorbate. The increase is very rapid at first, when the surface of the adsorbent
is relatively free. As the surface fills with the adsorbate, the rate of adsorption d
Y/ d c decreases.
Eventually the surface of the adsorbent becomes full and further increases in the
concentration cause no further increase in the amount adsorbed as shown in the
figure below. The amount adsorbed when the surface is just covered with a
mono molecular of the adsorbate is called Ymax.
At a given concentration the amount adsorbed decreases with increasing
temperature.
In this purely empirical equation (Y= kc1/n), the units of Y are moles adsorbate
per gram adsorbent, c is the concentration(mole/ L), And k and n are
experimentally determined constants.
Since above equation is valid only for a given adsorbed phase and adsorbent at a
constant temperature, it is sometimes called as feundlich isotherm. To test the
validity of the freundlich isotherm, take the logarithm of both sides of the
equation-
If Log10 Y is plotted against Log10 C, Straight lines results with the slope= 1/n
and the intercept =Log10k.
9
Limitation of Freundlich Equation
10
Determination of The Specific Area of the
Adsorbent
11
APPARATUS USED
12
Safety Considerations
13
Experimental Procedure
Weigh about 1.5 g charcoal into each of the dry glass- stoppered
Erlenmeyer flask. Record the weight to 1 mg. prepare a series of
acetic acid solutions of various concentrations according to the table
below. Add 100 ml of each solution to each charcoal sample. Swirl
the flasks vigorously and let them stand overnight. Filter the solutions
and titrate a suitable size aliquot of each filtrate with standard 0.1 M
sodium hydroxide. Use progressively larger aliquots for the more
dilute solutions. Run each concentration in duplicate.
1. 100 10
2. 75 10
3. 50 10
4. 25 25
5. 10 25
6. 5 50
a
Prepare samples in duplicate.
14
Results and Calculations
15
Applications of Activated Charcoal
16
3. It is used in electronics in double layer capacitors and hard
disks.
17
5. It is also used in solvent recovery.
18
Bibliography
1. www.Google.com
2. www.Wikipedia.com
3. www.scribd.com
5. Britannica
19