Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cs101 Lec19
Cs101 Lec19
Lecture 19
Programming Languages
1
During the last lecture …
• We continued our discussion on algorithms
that we had started during the 16th lecture
3
Today’s Lecture
• To understand the role of programming
languages in computing
4
Programming?
5
The process of telling the
computer what to do
6
Types of
Programs?
7
Batch Programs
These are typically started from a shell (or
automatically via a scheduler) and tend to
follow a pattern of:
– Initialize internal data
– Read input data
– Process that data
– Print or store results
11
All programs consists of:
1. Sequence of instructions
2. Conditionals
3. Loops
12
Examples of
Programming
Language?
13
Machine Language
Assembly Language (1956-63)
LISP (1956)
Fortran (1957) Ada(1983)
COBOL (1959) C++ (1983-85)
PL/1(1964) QBasic (1986)
BASIC (1964) Perl (1987)
Pascal (1970) VisualBasic (1991)
Smalltalk (1972) PowerBuilder
C (1972) Java (1995)
JavaScript
14
C# (2001)
Is HTML a
programming
language?
15
Types of
Programming
Languages?
16
High level Programming
Languages
17
High-level programming languages,
while simple compared to human
languages, are more complex than the
languages the uP actually understands,
called machine languages
18
Lying between
machine languages
&
high-level languages
are languages called
assembly languages
19
Assembly languages are similar to
machine languages, but are easier to
program in as they allow a programmer to
substitute names for numbers
20
4th-generation languages
High-level languages
Assembly languages
Machine languages
21
22
Regardless of what language you use,
you eventually need to convert your
program into a language that the
computer can understand
23
Interpreter is a program that
executes instructions written in a high-
level language
Compilers:
Takes longer to compile,
but
super-fast execution 26
Both interpreters and compilers are
available for most high-level languages.
27
Why are there so
many different
programming
languages?
28
What is the
difference
between
them? 29
30
What are the
advantages of
particular
languages?
31
32
The question of which language is
best is one that consumes a lot of
time and energy among computer
professionals
33
FORTRAN is a particularly good language for
processing numerical data, but it does not lend
itself very well to large business programs
34
The choice of which language to use can
also depend on the:
and the
35
Can a single
language have all
the good bits of
other languages?
36
Do some good
features force a
language to also
have bad features?
37
What makes a
feature good
or bad?
38
Is there a
perfect
language?
39
Is there a
perfect
language for a
particular task?
40
What changes in the
field of computer
languages can we
expect in the near
future?
41
Which programming
language should you
learn?
Development
43
SWDesign
Methodology?
44
The set of (often flexible) rules and
guidelines a team of developers
follow to construct reasonably
complex SW systems
45
Object Oriented Design (1)
• OO SW is all about objects: a black box which
receives messages & responds with those of
its own
49
Object-Oriented Languages
• Programming languages specifically
designed to make it easy to implement
object-oriented designs
50
Reading Material
Programming Languages
http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Programming_language
51
During Today’s Lecture, We …
• To understand the role of programming
languages in computing
52
Focus of the Next Lecture:
The SW Development Process