Sensing the world

Vision
• It starts with light, a physical energy that comes in a form of
electromagnetic radiation waves, measured in wavelengths.
• Sizes of wavelength correspond to different types of energy ranging from
X-ray to radio waves.
• Human visual spectrum is made up of colors of rainbow; shortest
wavelength of violet blue to longest wavelength of red.
The process of vision

• The process of vision starts with Ray of light reaches the cornea, (the
transparent and the outer part of eye). The light ray then travels through
the iris and pupil. The iris is the colored part of the eye which varies from
light blue to dark brown.
• The size of pupil opening depends on the amount of light present in the
environment. The dimmer the surroundings, the more pupil opens to allow
more light to enter so that the focus object can be seen sharply.
 • Once the light passes through the pupil, it enters the lens, which is directly
behind the pupil. It focuses light by changing its thickness. When it views
the distant object it became flattered and became rounded when looks at
closer object.
• Having traveled through the pupil and lens the light ray then strikes the
retina. Which is consists of thin layer of nerve cells. The light sensitive
receptor cell the rods and the cons.

Both rods and cons convert the light ray into the form of electrical impulse but
their role is different in vision.
• Rods are cylindrical shaped
• Responsible for vision in bright light
• Responsible for sharp focus and color perception
Cons
 • Cons are con-shaped receptor cell
• Responsible for vision in dim light
• Insensitive to color and detail rather it plays key role in peripheral vision

When the light strikes the rods and cons, the electrochemical substances within
these cells stimulates the adjacent bipolar cells by transmitting electrical impulse.
These impulse are then directly conveyed to the ganglion cell which summarize
the visual information and then sent it to the brain through optic nerve.