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Style Sheet for Under-Graduate Research Papers

Note: you should follow the arrangement of the sections in
arranging the papers of your research.
1. Title Page
This is the first page in your research. The title page will contain the
following:

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Iraqia University
College of Education for Women
Department of English

Title of Research Paper

A research paper submitted to the Department of English of the
College of Education for Women of the Iraqia University in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in
Education in English Language
By
Student's Name

Supervised by
Asst. Prof./ Teacher/ Asst. Teacher Supervisor's Name,
Ph.D./M.A.

Month/Year

2. Dedication
This is the second page in your research. A dedication is written to
present the paper to somebody the student considers worthy of this
present. It is usually very short with very few lines, for example,
- To my dear parents
- To my late brother
- To my beloved husband and children
- To those who taught me and made this possible
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3. Acknowledgements
This is the third page in your research. In the acknowledgements,
the student thanks those who have helped her in one way or another. The
thanks usually start with the most helpful, who actually helped in writing
the paper (head of the Dept., supervisor, teachers, librarian), to the least
helpful, who helped morally or financially (colleagues, friends, family
members, typist). Divide the acknowledgements into paragraphs: one for
each group of the above mentioned. For example,

Acknowledgements
I would like to express my sincere respect and gratitude
to my supervisor Dr. … whose guidance, continuous support
and meticulous insights have been invaluable to this work.
My deepest gratitude and appreciation also go to
Miss/Mrs. ……, Head of the Department of English. Her
valuable advice, encouragement, help and patience have always
been indispensable.
I would like to thank Miss…. and Mr…. for their
cooperation and help.
A particular debt of thanks goes to all my dear friends
…. for their priceless cooperation and encouragement and for
the references.

4. Abstract
This is the fourth page in your research. This is mostly a page that
states the following:
1. What is this paper about, or the problem the research is trying to
solve or talk about. What are the difficulties one finds with this
problems.
2. Why do you write about this problem, in other words, what your
aim(s) is.
3. What do you think about this problem and how to solve it, in other
words, what your hypothesis is.
4. What did you achieve in this paper. State some of your
conclusions

5. Table of Contents
A table of contents follows the abstract. It contains the name of the
section and number of page.
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6. List of Abbreviations
This is to be arranged alphabetically as in the example below:

List of Abbreviations
N Noun
NP Noun Phrase
SL Source Language
TT Target Language
V Verb

7. List of Figures
8. List of Tables
9. Body of the Research Paper
This is to be divided in numbered sections, for example,
1. Review of Literature
1.1 Definitions of Idioms
1.2 Types of Idioms
2. Translation of Idioms
2.1 Opaque Idioms
2.2 Transparent Idioms
3. Conclusions

10. Taking Notes (Data Collection)

When you find a source for your paper, write the following
information above the page, or in a separate card to be attached to the
quotation(s) you take from the source:
Title: of book, magazine or journal, "thesis"
Title of article: "….."
Author's Full Name:
Editor/ Translator's full name:
Year:
Edition (if not the first):
Volume (for journals): Number (for journals):
Publisher:
City:
Website:
Date of Retrieval:
Topic: the specific topic you are writing about, e.g., definition of idiom
Page no.:
"…………………………………………………………"
Page no.: "……………………………………"
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These pieces of information will help you immensely in the

documentation and in writing the references.

11. Documentation
11.1 Scientific Papers (Linguistics and Translation)
Paraphrased quotations of any number of lines are written without
quotation marks with (Author's last name, year: page number). If there
are three or more authors, only the first author is named followed by (et
al.) as in the examples below,
The Flensburg Polytechnic in Germany offers a four-year degree
course for technical translators (Winkler, 1992:99-103). Scherf (1992:153-
160) outlines the approach of this university to integrating computer-
assisted translation into training translators.
He (ibid:154) states that translation cannot be obtained in “one blitz
attack,” rather it is a complex operation in which the translator, while
trying to discern the ST meaning, builds an internal mental representation
of semantic, functional and textual relations between the objects in the ST
and their context.
Gabe et al. (2015:158) state that the objective of a computer-
assisted translation courses is to “attain a deeper understanding of the
nature of man-machine interaction, which in turn may help design a more
effective man-machine interface.” Further, it is one of the essential ways
to pursue in order “to set technology to work for trainee and expert
translators alike” (ibid:160).

If you use the exact words of the source, put them between
quotation marks inside the text if they are less than three lines. When you
refer to the same source in the same page, use (ibid) followed by the
number of pages, as in the examples below,

Gile (1995:13) touches upon this point by stating that the differences
between them are “essentially associated with the cognitive stress interpreters
face under the pressure of time,” but for him “the similarities far outweigh the
differences.” Padilla and Martin (1992:203) identify four main areas of
differences between interpreting and translation:
Comprehension: There is a difference between comprehending a
“static” written text and an oral one. The former is produced in the
past and the translator can refer to the source text (ST) “in his own
pace, in his own time, using the resources he deems necessary”
(ibid:196).
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If the number of lines of the quotation is 3 lines or more, it should be

indented 2 cm to the right and the source is written below it to the right,
as in the example below,

A course on “Word Processing,” was given to students. This course

has three aims:

(1) to introduce students to the methodological principles of

computer lexicography and points to relevant publications in the
field …, (2) to discuss basic design issues for practical
terminological data base applications, and (3) to give the
students hand-on experience with one of the major MS-DOS
data base packages and with elements of its programming
language.

(Scherf, 1992: 156)

Notice that when part of the quoted text is deleted, "…" is used to replace
it as in the example above.
11.2 Literary Papers
In literary papers, footnotes or endnotes (the number of which is
written after the comma or full stop) are used instead of inside the text
documentation. Paraphrased quotations of any number of lines are written
without quotation marks with a footnote with: author's full name, name of
book, (city: publisher, year), page number. If you use the exact words of
the source, put them between quotation marks inside the text if they are
less than three lines. When you refer to the same source in the same
page, use (ibid) followed by the number of pages, as in the examples
below,
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This unreal city is not just the London of the 1920’s, full of the
dead victims of World War L and the intellectual and spiritual victims of
exhausted philosophies or the fading promises of Christianity.(1)
The Waste Land depicts general decay of civilization (against the
growth of industrial civilization) in modern times – times “littered with the
dead fragments of dead civilizations and the fading hopes of dying
religions.”(2)
It is unreal because it is cut off from both natural and spiritual
sources of life: the city was a maternal symbol to the ancients, but it is now
utterly barren.(3)
Pope believes that order in society depends on the power of
ordering one’s inner self. His main concern is with man knowing himself
and his world, hence the anger when man substitutes “virtuous science”
and “chop logic” for humane letters.(4)

1. David Ward. T. S. Eliot: Between Two Worlds (London:

Routledge&Kegan Paul, 1973), p. 88.
2. John Betjeman, “T. S. Eliot The Londoner” in T. S. Eliot: A Symposium
for His Seventieth Birthday edited by Neville Braybrooke (London:
Rupert Hart Davis, 1958), p.194.
3. Ibid, p.7.
4.
Harriet Martineau and Lucie Gordon, Eastern Life, 3 vols. (London,
1830), II, pp. 55-6.

If you quote less than three lines of poetry, state the number of
stanza and lines after them. If you quote three lines or more of poetry,
write them in separate indented 2 cm from the left followed by the
number of stanza (if available) and lines (ll.) as in the examples below,

The world of The Dunciad, ludicrously harmonious and organic, is all stupid,
dull and sleepy “soft, creeping, words on words, the sense compose/ At every
line, they stretch, they yawn, they doze” (II. l. 324).
In Eliot, for example, such undertones are clear in the following passage:
After the torchlight red on sweaty faces
After the frosty silence in the gardens
After the agony in stony places
The shouting and the crying
Prison and palace and reverberation.
(V. ll. 322-320)
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If the number of lines of the quotation is 3 lines or more, it should be

indented 2 cm to the right and the source is written in a footnote, as in the
example below,

A course on “Word Processing,” was given to students. This course

has three aims:

(i) to introduce students to the methodological principles of

computer lexicography and points to relevant publications in the
field …, (ii) to discuss basic design issues for practical
terminological data base applications, and (3) to give the
students hand-on experience with one of the major MS-DOS
data base packages and with elements of its programming
language.(1)

Notice that when part of the quoted text is deleted, "…" is used to replace
it as in the example above.

12. Figures and Tables

Captions of figures are written below the figure, whereas those of
tables are written above them.
13. Conclusions
Conclusions represent the findings a student discovers or concludes
from her research. Sometimes, they represent a short summary of the
paper.
14. References
The References include the sources you actually used and quoted
from in the text of your paper. A Bibliography includes all the sources
you used in your paper whether you quoted from them or not. Write only
the references you quoted from. The sources are to be arranged
alphabetically according to the surname of the author or editor. See the
following examples.
1. Books: (Author's surname, first name. (Year). Title. Edition. City:
Publisher). See the following examples:
Dawson, Christopher. (1948). Religion and Culture. London: Sheed & Ward.
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Crystal, David. (1985). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 2nd ed.

Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
. (1987). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Boatner, Maxine T. and Gates, John. (1975). A Dictionary of American Idioms.
2nd revised ed. Edited by Adam Makki. New York: Barron’s Educational
Series, Inc.
Arberry, Arthur J., tr. (1964). The Koran Interpreted. London: Oxford University
Press.
Enkvist, Niles Eric; Spenser, John and Gregory, Micheal J. (1964). Linguistics
and Style. London: Oxford University Press.
Jung, Al-Haj Mahomed Ullah Ibn S. (n.d.). The Muslim Law of Marriage.
Lahore: Law Publishing Company.
Lyons, John. (1977). Semantics.2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2. Articles
a. Articles in journals: (Author's surname, first name. (Year).
"Title of article" Title of Journal. Vol:Number, pp.). see the
following example
As-Safi, Abdul-Baki and Ash-Sharifi, In‘am Sahib. (1997). “Naturalness in
Literary Translation.” Babel. 43:1, pp.60-65.

b. Articles in books: (Author's surname, first name. (Year). "Title

of article" In Title of Book. pp. Edited by Editor's Name. City:
Publisher). See the following examples,
Nida, Eugene . (1964b). “Linguistics and Ethnology in Translation-Problems.”
In Language in Culture and Society, pp. 90-100. Edited by Dell Hymes.
New York: Harper and Row.
Ba‘albaki, Munir. (1985). “The Lambs of Experience: A Collection of English
Proverbs with Origins and Arabic Equivalents.” Annexed to Al-Mawrid.
Beirut: Dar El-Ilm Lil-Malayēn.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1970[1975]). “Language Structure and Language
Function”. In New Horizons in Linguistics, pp.140-165. Edited by John
Lyons. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

3. Theses: (Author's surname, first name. (Year). "Title."

Unpublished Postgraduate degree (M.A., PH.D, etc.). City:
University). See the following examples,
Gabr, Moustafa. (2000). Reassessing Translation Programs in Egyptian
National Universities: Towards a Model Translation Program.
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Unpublished M. A. Thesis. Pennsylvania: Washington International

University.
Al-Khafaji, Adil Hassoun A. (1998). “Translanguage: A Basis for Empirical
Investigation of Translation Progress and the Salient Features of Its
Product.” Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis Baghdad: Al-Mustansiriyya
University.

4. Dictionaries and Encyclopedias: These references are usually not

written by one author, but rather by a group of authors or
institutions. Thus, they are documented as: (Title. (Year). City:
Publisher.) or (Author's surname, first name. (Year). Title.
Edition. City: Publisher) if the name of the author(s) is available.
See the following examples,
Encyclopedia Britannica, The New. (1974) Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica
Inc.
Hornby, A. S. (2004). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current
English. 6th ed. Edited by Sally Wehmeier and Michael Ashby. London:
Oxford University Press.

5. Websites: (Author's surname, first name. (Year). "Title of article"

In website (http://www....). Date of retrieval (day/ month/ year).
Avoid using the Wikipedia. See the following examples,
Adams, Nicole Y.. 2014."Five Diversification Strategies for Freelance Translators."
In Translation Journal. July. Issue. http://translationjournal.net/Translation-
Journal/July-2014/retrieved on 4/12/2015.