1899–1901: First Republic (Malolos Republic)[edit]

The First Philippine Republic was inaugurated on January 23, 1899 at Malolos, and ended on
March 23, 1901 when President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans at Palanan.
President of the First Philippine Republic (Malolos Republic)[21]
No. No. Took Left Vice
Portrait Name Prior office Party Term Refs.
overall in (Birth–Death) office office [note 4]
President
[note 2] era

Emilio President of 23
Aguinaldo the 23 Mar (1899)
Non- None [10]
1 1 1869–1964 Revolutionary Jan 1901 1 [note 7] [11]
partisan (1899)
(Lived: 94 Government 1899 [note 5]
[note 6]
years) (1898–1899)

The Americans had already begun controlling areas not controlled by the First Republic after the
Spanish cession. The President of the United States is represented first by military governors, then
by civilian Governors-General up to 1935.
1935–46: Commonwealth[edit]
The Commonwealth was inaugurated on November 15, 1935 at Manila, and ended upon
independence on July 4, 1946.
Presidents of the Philippine Commonwealth[21]
No. No. Name Took Left Vice
in Portrait (Birth– Prior office Party Term Refs.
overall
[note 2]
era Death)
office office [note 4]
President
(1935)
Senator from 2
Manuel (1935)
L. the Fifth
Senatorial 15 1 Aug [30]
Quezon District Nov 1944 Sergio [31]
2 1 1878– Nacionalista [32]
and 1st 1935 [note 9] Osmeña [12]
1944 President of the [note 8] [note 10]

(Lived: 65 Senate
years) (1916–1935)

(1941)
3
(1941)
Sergio 1st (1944)
Vice 28
Osmeña May [33]
4 1878– President of 1 Aug Vacant
[note 11] 2 1946 Nacionalista [note 14]
[34]

1961 the 1944 [note 12]

[12]

(Lived: 83 Philippines [note 13]

years) (1935–1944)
 Manuel
Senator
Roxas and 2nd 28 15 (1946) [37]
1892– Liberal 5 Elpidio
5 3 President of the May Apr [38]

1948 Senate
[note 15]
(1946) Quirino [35]
1946 1948 [note 11]
(Lived: 56 (1945–1946)
years)

1943–45: Second Republic[edit]

The Second Republic was inaugurated on October 14, 1943 in Manila, and ended when
President Jose P. Laurel dissolved the republic on August 17, 1945, in Tokyo.
President of the Second Philippine Republic[21]
No. No. Name Prior Took Left Vice
in Portrait (Birth– Party Term Refs.
overall
[note 2]
era Death)
office office office [note 4]
President

José P. 10th & 17th

Laurel Minister of 14 Oct 17 Aug (1943)
3 1 1891– the Interior 1945 KALIBAPI 4 None [43]
1943 [note 17] [note 18] [note 19] [46]
1959 (1922–1923 [note 16] (1943)
[note 6]
(Lived: 68 &
years) 1942–1943)

1946–72: Third Republic[edit]

The Third Republic started when independence was granted by the Americans on July 4, 1946,
and ended upon the imposition of martial law by President Ferdinand Marcos on September 21,
1972.
Presidents of the Third Philippine Republic[21][note 20]
No. No. Name Took Left Vice
in Portrait Prior office Party Term Refs.
overall [note 4]
[note 2]
era
(Birth–Death) office office President

Manuel Senator 15
and 2nd 28 [37]

5 1 Roxas May Apr Liberal [38]

President of [note 15]
1892–1948 the Senate 1946 1948 (1946) Elpidio [35]
[note 21]
(Lived: 56 years) (1945–1946) 5 Quirino
(1946)
(1948)

Vacant [48]
April 15–17, 1948
Liberal Vacant [50]
2 Elpidio 2nd 17 30 [note 22] [note 14] [51]
 [35]
Quirino Vice Apr Dec 17 Apr 1948–
[49]
President of 1948 1953 30 Dec 1949
1890–1956
[note 12]
6 (Lived: 65 years) the
Philippines
(1946–1948) Fernando
(1949) Lopez
6 30 Dec
(1949) 1949–30 Dec
1953

7th
Ramon 30 17
Secretary of Carlos P.
[53]

7 3 Magsaysay Dec Mar Nacionalista [54]

National Garcia
1907–1957 1953 1957 (1953) [55]
Defense [note 23]
(Lived: 49 years) (1950–1953)
7
(1953)
(1957)

Vacant
[note 14]

18 Mar–
4th 30 Dec 1957
Carlos P. Vice 18 30 [56]

8 4 Garcia President of Mar Dec Nacionalista

[57]

the 1961 Diosdado [55]

1896–1971 1957 (1957)
(Lived: 74 years) Philippines
[note 12] Macapagal [58]

8 30 Dec
(1953–1957)
(1957) 1957–30 Dec
1961

5th
Diosdado Vice 30 30
(1961) [59]
Macapagal President of Dec Emmanuel
9 5 Dec Liberal 9 [60]

1910–1997 the 1965 (1961)

Pelaez [61]
1961 [note 12]
(Lived: 86 years) Philippines
(1957–1961)

(1965) Fernando
10 Lopez
Senator 25 (1965) 30 Dec [67]
Ferdinand (1959–1965) 30 1965–23 Sep [68]
Marcos and 11th
Feb Nacionalista (1969) 1972
6 Dec 1986 11 [note 25]
[69]

1917–1989 President of [note 26] [70]

the Senate 1965 [note 12]
[26]
(Lived: 72 years) [note 24] [note 27]
(1963–1965) None
(1969) [note 28]
10
23 Sep
 (1981) 1972–25 Feb
12 1986
KBL [note 29]

(1981)

1972–87: Martial law and the Fourth Republic[edit]

President Ferdinand Marcos ruled by decree when he declared martial law on September 21,
1972. He inaugurated the "New Society" after a new constitution was ratified on January 17, 1973.
He declared the Fourth Republic on January 17, 1981, after martial law was lifted.
Presidents of the Fourth Philippine Republic[21][note 30]
No. No. Name Prior Took Left Vice
in Portrait Party Term Refs.
overall [note 4]
[note 2]
era
(Birth–Death) office office office President
(1965) Fernando
10 Lopez
Senator (1965) 30 Dec
(1959– 1965–23
Ferdinand 1965) 25 Nacionalista (1969) Sep 1972 [67]

30 11
Marcos and 11th Feb [note 26]
[note 25] [68]

10 1 1917–1989 President Dec 1986 [note 27]

[69]
[70]
(Lived: 72 of the 1965 [note 12]
None
(1969) [26]
years) Senate [note 24]
[note 28]
(1963– (1981) 23 Sep
1965) 12 1972–25 Feb
KBL [note 29]
1986
(1981)

Corazon 25
none 30 (1986)
Aquino (No prior Feb Salvador
[73]
[74]
11 2 1933–2009 elected
Jun UNIDO 13
1986 (1986)
Laurel [66]
(Lived: 76 office) [note 31] 1992
years)

1987–present: Fifth Republic[edit]

 President Corazon Aquino inaugurated the Fifth Republic after the present constitution was ratified.
The plebiscite took place on February 2, 1987.
Presidents of the Fifth Philippine Republic[21][note 32]
No. No. Name Took Left Vice
in Portrait Prior office Party Term Refs.
overall [note 4]
[note 2]
era
(Birth–Death) office office President

Corazon 25
Aquino none (1986) [73]
Feb 30 Jun Salvador
11 1 1933–2009 (No prior elected UNIDO 13 [74]

office) 1986 1992 (1986)

Laurel [66]
(Lived: 76 [note 31]
years)

18th
Fidel 30
Secretary of 30 Jun Lakas–
(1992)
Joseph
[76]

12 2 Ramos National Jun 14 [77]

Born 1928 1998 NUCD (1992)

Estrada [78]
Defense 1992
(91 years old) (1988–1991)

9th
Joseph 30 20 Jan Gloria
Vice President [80]

13 3 Estrada of the Jun 2001 LAMMP Macapagal [81]

[note 33]
Born 1937 Philippines 1998 [note 6] Arroyo
[82]

(82 years old) (1992–1998)

(1998)
15
(1998)
(2001)
Vacant
[note 14]

Lakas– 20 Jan–
NUCD– 7 Feb 2001
Gloria 10th UMDP Teofisto [83]
Macapagal Vice President 20 Lakas– Guingona
30 Jun [84]
14 4 Arroyo of the Jan CMD Jr. [82]
2010
Born 1947 Philippines 2001 7 Feb 2001– [85]

(72 years old) (1998–2001) 30 Jun 2004

Lakas– (2004) Noli de

CMD 16 Castro
[note 34]
Lakas (2004)
30 Jun
 Kampi 2004–30
CMD Jun 2010

Benigno 30 (2010) [86]

Aquino III Senator 30 Jun Jejomar
15 5 Jun Liberal 17 [87]

Born 1960 (2007–2010) 2016 (2010)

Binay [88]
2010
(59 years old)

Mayor of Davao Incumbent

Rodrigo 30 (Term
City (2016)
Duterte PDP– Leni
16 6 (1988–1998; Jun ends on 18 [89]

Born 1945 Laban (2016)

Robredo
2001–2010; & 2016 June 30,
(74 years old) 2013–2016) 2022)

Timeline[edit]
See also: List of presidents of the Philippines by time in office