12

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 6
The Executive Branch
of the Philippine Government
 Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 12
Self-learning Module
Quarter 1 – Module 6: The Executive Branch of the Philippine Government
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Russel A. Maulion

Editors: Liberty P. Lego, Eric G. Buenafe, Lerma J. Oscares, Ronaldo H. Lamit

Reviewers: Arlo L. Villalva, Leila G. Valencia, Jezereel Grace G. Tiron, Bernie P. Alcedo

Illustrator: Hilda S. Salvilla

Layout Artist: Jefferson B. Magbanua

Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma

Elena P. Gonzaga
Donaldby
Printed in the Philippines T._______________________________.
Ginene
Mary Hazel Vivien P. Pineda
Arlo L. Villalva
Leila G. Valencia
Liberty P. Lego

Department of Education – Region VI - Western Visayas

Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City
Telefax: (033) 336-2816, (033) 509-7653
E-mail Address: region6@deped.gov.ph
 Grade Levels: Grade 12
Specialized Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance
Semester: First/Second Semester

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Analyze the roles and powers of the executive branch

of the government.
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT

Policy execution is the primary function of the executive branch of

government. The executive implements the policies set by the legislature.
It is headed by a chief executive called president or prime minister. Chief
executives can either be directly elected by the people (presidential) or
indirectly elected by the people (parliamentary). Under the chief executive
are subordinate executives assisting the former on specific concerns. The
subordinate executives are called ministers or secretaries. The term
executive refers to a single leader or group of officials in the executive
department who are authorized by the Constitution to enforce the laws of
the state – to see to it that these laws are efficiently and effectively carried
out and faithfully observed for the common good (Ayson and Reyes,
2000). According to Lazo (2013), the executive department is the most
essential core of the government because governance is achievable even
without assembly or legislature but not without the executive. The power
of the executive is called executive power, which refers to the authority to
administer the laws, carrying them into practical operations and enforcing
their due observance.
Among the three (3) inter pares of the Philippine government is the
Philippine executive branch. The Philippine government is presidential in
form, wherein the president is the chief executive (or head of the
government) exercising executive power and is independent from the
other branches of government. Such independence is also known as
separation of powers.
This module will help you have a more comprehensive grasp and
analysis of the roles and powers of the executive branch of the Philippine
government.

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. identify the qualifications to become the Philippine president;

2. enumerate and explain the roles and powers of the president
of the Republic of the Philippines;
3. explain the principle of separation of powers and checks and
balances; and
4. analyze how the present Philippine president exercised his
powers on different issues and concerns.
 After finishing the module on the evolution of Philippine politics and
governance, let’s now check if you have some stored knowledge on the roles
and powers of the executive branch of the government.

I. Multiple-Choice
Direction: Read each question or statement carefully. Write the CAPITAL letter of
the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. Let’s begin.
1. It refers to the authority to administer the laws carrying them into practical
operations and enforcing their due observance.
A. Executive power C. Judicial power
B. Legislative power D. power to review
2. The following are the qualifications to become the President of the Philippines
EXCEPT:
A. Natural-born Filipino citizen C. at least 45 years of age
B. A registered voter D. able to read and write
3. The President may call out the members of the armed forces of the Philippines
to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion. What power of the
President is referring to?
A. Power of Appointment C. Power to Control
B. Military Power D. Pardoning Power
4. Served as the alter egos of the President.
A. Vice-President C. LGUs
B. Cabinet members D. Members of the Senate
5. It is the principle which divides powers of the three branches of government.
A. Separation of powers C. Division of powers
B. Checks and balances D. Checking of powers
6. The minimum education requirement to become the President of the
Philippines.
A. College graduate C. able to read and write
B. Post-graduate D. Senior High School graduate
7. It is an act of grace proceeding from the power entrusted with the execution of
the laws which exempts the individual on whom it is bestowed, from the
punishment the law inflicts from a crime he has committed.
A. Reprieve C. Pardon
B. Commutation D. Amnesty
8. The following are the causes of removal of the President from office EXCEPT:
A. Resignation C. Death
B. Hospitalized D. Impeachment
9. When is the day of election for the President and Vice-President?
A. First Monday of May C. Third Monday of May
B. Second Monday of May D. Last Monday of May
10. It refers to the power of the President to declare Martial Law during invasion
or rebellion.
A. Administrative power C. Military power
B. Power of Appointment D. Pardoning power
Power Organizer
Direction: On a short size bond paper, make a concept map on the different
powers of the Philippine president. Be creative. Refer the the text below for the
essential concepts and terminologies. Your work will be rated using Bartel’s
Scoring Rubric for Concept Maps.

Bartels’ Scoring Rubric for Concept Maps

Concepts and Terminology

3 points - Shows an understanding of the topic’s concepts and principles and
uses appropriate terminology and notations
2 points - Makes some mistakes in terminology or shows a few
misunderstandings of concepts
1 point - Makes many mistakes in terminology and shows a lack of
understanding of many concepts
0 - Shows no understanding of the topic’s concepts and principles

Knowledge of the Relationships among Concepts

3 points - Identifies all the important concepts and shows an understanding of
the relationships among them
2 points - Identifies important concepts but makes some incorrect connections
1 point - Makes many incorrect connections
0 - Fails to use any appropriate concepts or appropriate connections

Ability to Communicate through Concept Maps

3 points - Constructs an appropriate and complete concept map and includes
examples; places concepts in an appropriate hierarchy and places linking words
on all connections; produces a concept map that is easy to interpret
2 points - Places almost all concepts in an appropriate hierarchy and assigns
linking words to most connections; produces a concept map that is easy to
interpret
1 point - Places only a few concepts in an appropriate hierarchy or uses only a
few linking words; produces a concept map that is difficult to interpret
0 - Produces a final product that is not a concept map
 The Executive Branch of the Philippine Government

Aside from being the chief executive, the 1987 Philippine Constitution also
considers the President as the head of state. The President is empowered to
enforce the Constitution, statutes, presidential decrees, executive orders,
decisions of courts, treaties and the generally accepted principles of International
Law (Bederio et. Al, 2004).
The qualification of the President and Vice-President is the same under
the Constitution. As summarized in the table below, the qualifications are as
follows:

1. Citizenship
Both the President and the Vice-President must be natural-born citizen. A
natural-born Filipino citizen as mentioned in Chapter III is a citizen of the
Philippines from birth without having to perform an act to acquire or perfect his
Philippine Citizenship.

2. Registered Voter
A registered voter is one who is duly registered in the list of voters
because he possesses the qualification for suffrage, as required by Article V,
Section 1 which states:
Section 1. Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not
otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen (18) years of age, and
who shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one year and in the place
wherein they propose to vote for at least six months immediately preceding the
election. No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed
on the exercise of suffrage.

3. Education
The Constitution does not provide a higher level of educational attainment
for those who would want to be President or Vice-President. Presumably, the
Constitution wants to widen the access to these positions to as many people as
it can. It only requires candidates to be “able to read and write” to qualify. Many
of the Philippine Presidents were highly educated. In fact, some were bar
topnochers and brilliant lawyers like Marcos, Roxas and Macapagal.

4. Age
The presidential and vice-presidential candidates must be at least forty
(40) years of age on the day of the election, not on the day of the filing of
candidacy nor on the day of their proclamation.

5. Residency
The Constitution requires that those who would want to become President
or Vice-President must be acquainted with the economic and political conditions
of the country in order that they can gain insight on how to run the country in
case they elected into office. Thus, it requires that both candidates must reside
in the country at least 10 years immediately preceding the election.
 Summary of the Qualifications of a President and Vice-President
(Section 2, 4, Article VII, 1987 Philippine Constitution)
CATEGORY REQUIREMENT
CITIZENSHIP Natural-born Citizen
VOTER STATUS Registered Voter
MINIMUM EDUCATION Able to read and write
AGE At least 40 years on the day of election
RESIDENCY At least 10 years immediately
preceding the presidential election

Term of Office
Under the 1935 Constitution, the term of the President and Vice-President
is four (4) years with re-election. But this has been changed by the 1987
Constitution owing to the Marcos dictatorship experience that allows a dictator to
rule the country beyond what the Constitution requires. In the 1987 Constitution,
the term of the President has been reduced to six (6) without reelection. It begins
at the noon of the thirtieth day (30th) of June next following the day of the
election (Art. VII, Sec. 4) and ends at noon of the same date six years thereafter.
The Vice President, unlike the President, is eligible for re-election. But the
Constitution disallows him or her to run for more than two (2) consecutive terms
(Sec. 4, par.2, Art. VII), although eligible to run as President for his or her third
election. Moreover, the Vice President who has succeeded and served as
President for more than four (4) years (even in an acting capacity) is also
disqualified for election to the same office at any other time.
The voluntary renunciation of the office of the Vice President for any
length of time does not interrupt the continuity of the service for the full term of
six years. Thus, if the Vice President resigns on the second day in office, this is
considered being served for full six years. So s/he is disqualified to run for the
next election.
The President is disqualified for reelection, but is qualified to run for a
lower position after finishing six years as President, as in the case of former
President Arroyo who run as a congresswoman of Pampanga after finishing her
term. The Vice President too is qualified to run for a lower position after serving
the maximum number of terms.

Summary: Canvassing, Proclamation and Term of Office of the President

and Vice-President
CATEGORY PRESIDENT VICE-PRESIDENT
DAY OF ELECTION Second Monday of May Second Monday of May
BOARD OF Congress in joint public Congress in joint public
CANVASSERS session, with all senators session, with all senators
and congressmen and congressmen
PROCLAMATION Congress in joint public Congress in joint public
session, after canvassing session, after canvassing
of votes of votes
TERM 6 years, without re-election 6 years with re-election but
3 successive terms not
allowed, an unfinished term
is considered one full term
START AND END 12:00 Noon of the 30th of
OF TERM June next following the
day of election & shall end
at noon of the same date 6
years thereafter.
12:00 Noon of the 30th of
June next following the day
of election & shall end at
noon of the same date 6
years thereafter.

Powers of the Philippine President

The following are the powers of the President of the Republic of the
Philippines:

1. Administrative Powers
The President has the power of control over the executive departments of
the government and supervisory powers over all local government units (LGUs)
such that of the province, city, municipality and barangay.

2. Power of Appointment
Article VII, Section 16 of the 1987 Constitution grants the President with
the power to appoint officials of various government. The heads of the executive
departments, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, or officers of the
armed forces from the rank of colonel and naval captain, regular members of the
Judicial and Bar Council, chairmen and members of the constitutional
commissions are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Philippine
Congress. The President also appoints, without legislative confirmation, the
members of the commissioners of the Constitutional Commissions.

3. Military Powers
Powers of the President as Commander-in-Chief includes the power to:
1. call out the armed forces to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion, or
rebellion; and
2. create military tribunals to try persons who violate military laws or commit
crimes against national security.

Power to suspend writ of habeas corpus under the following necessary

conditions:
1. There must be invasion or rebellion; and
2. The public safety must require the suspension. Power to declare Martial Law
during invasion or rebellion.

4. Pardoning Powers
Under Article VII, Section 19 of the 1987 Constitution, the President has
the power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons and remit fines and
forfeitures, after conviction by final judgment. The pardoning powers of the
President include the following:

1. Reprieve. It is the postponement of the execution of a death sentence to a

certain date.
2. Suspension. This refers to the postponement of an execution of death to an
indefinite time. It can be performed on the next day, week or month depending
on the order of the President.
3. Commutation. This refers to the reduction of sentence imposed to a lesser
punishment, as from death penalty to life imprisonment. It can be granted without
the acceptance and even against the will of the prisoner.

4. Pardon. This is an act of grace proceeding from the power entrusted with the
execution of the laws which exempts the individual on whom it is bestowed, from
the punishment the law inflicts from a crime he has committed (De Leon vs.
Director of Prisons, 31 Phil. 60).

Two Kinds of Pardon:

1. Absolute. When pardon is not subject to any condition whatsoever. It
becomes effective when made.

2. Conditional. When it is given subject to any condition or qualification the

President may see fit. It must be accepted by the prisoner to become
effective.

Pardon distinguished from Amnesty

Amnesty is an act of the sovereign power granting oblivion or a general
pardon for a past offense usually granted in favor of certain class of persons who
have committed crimes of a political character, such as treason, sedition or
rebellion. An Amnesty proclamation of the President needs approval of Congress.

Distinctions between Amnesty and Pardon

AMNESTY PARDON
1. political offenses 1. infractions of peace
2. groups (classes) of persons 2. individuals
3. requires concurrence of Congress 3. does not require concurrence of Congress
4. public act to which court may take 4. private act which must be pleaded and
judicial notice of proved
5. looks backward and puts to 5. looks forward and relieves the pardonee of
oblivion the offense itself the consequences of the offense
6. must acknowledge the commission 6. must have been convicted of the offense
of the crime with finality
SOURCE: Munoz & Gonzales-Munoz (2002: 98)

5. Parole. This is a process in which the prisoner is released from imprisonment,

but without full restoration of liberty as a parolee is still in the custody of the law.

6. Remission of fines and forfeitures. The president can remit fines and
forfeitures for an offenses after final conviction. This prevents collection of fines
or the confiscation of forfeited property of the convict.
5. Powers to Contract and Guarantee Foreign Loans on Behalf of the
Republic of the Philippines (Article VII, Section 20, 1987 Philippine
Constitution)
The President can contract or guarantee loans with multilateral institutions
like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) or other regional
banks. But this needs the concurrence of the Monetary Board of the Central
Bank.

6. Budgetary Powers
The President is authorized by the Constitution to prepare the budget of
receipts and expenditures based on existing and proposed revenue measures
and other resources of financing and to submit it to Congress within 30 days
from the opening of each regular session. This can become the basis of the
general appropriations act to be enacted by Congress for the next fiscal year.

Presidential Succession
Who succeeds the President in case of death, resignation, impeachment,
disability or incapacity? What if the Vice-President is not qualified or
incapacitated to the succeed the President? To prevent chaos and anarchy in
case the President and/or the Vice-President cannot rule the country, the 1987
Constitution has prepared a set of rules for presidential succession and for a
smooth transfer of power in government.

Rules when Vacancy Occurs before the Beginning of the Term of the
President (Article VII, Section 7, 1987 Philippine Constitution)
SEC. 7. The President-elect and the Vice-President-elect shall assume
office at the beginning of their terms.
If the President-elect fails to qualify, the Vice-President-elect shall act as
President until the President-elect shall have qualified.
If a President shall not have been chosen, the Vice-President-elect shall
act as President until a President shall have been chosen and qualified.
If at the beginning of the term of the President, the President-elect shall
have died or shall have become permanently disabled, the Vice-President-elect
shall become President.
Where no President and Vice-President shall have been chosen or shall
have qualified, or where both shall have died or become permanently disabled,
the President of the Senate or, in case of inability, the Speaker of the House of
Representatives shall act as President until a President or a Vice-President shall
have been chosen and qualified.
The Congress shall, by law, provide for the manner in which one who is to
act as President shall be selected until a President or a Vice-president shall have
qualified, in case of death, permanent disability, or inability of the officials
mentioned in the next preceding paragraph.

Rules if Vacancy Occurs during the Incumbency of the President (Article

VII, Section 8, 1987 Philippine Constitution)
SEC. 8. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or
resignation of the President, the Vice-President shall become the President to
serve the unexpired term. In case of death, disability, removal from office, or
resignation of both the President and Vice-President, the President of the Senate
or, in case of inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall then
act as President until the President or Vice-President shall have been elected
and qualified.
The Congress shall, by law, provide who shall serve as President in case
of death, permanent disability, or resignation of the Acting President. He shall
serve until the President or the Vice-President shall have been elected and
qualified, and be subject to the same restrictions of powers and disqualifications
as the Acting President.

Causes of Removal of the President

The President can be removed from office either voluntarily or
involuntarily. Voluntarily, if the President resigns, died, suffers permanent
disability and declares incapacity in his or her own volition. Involuntarily, if the
President is forced to leave office because of impeachment or Congress decides
that the President is incapable to perform in office, the President must relinquish
his/her post.
The following are the causes of removal of the President from office:

1. DEATH: The President is removed by a natural cause. The Vice-President

becomes the President in case of death of the Chief Executive.

2. RESIGNATION: The President for some personal or political reasons

voluntarily relinquish His/her position, the Vice-President acts as the President.

3. PERMANENT DISABILITY: The President is replaced by the Vice-President

for serious physical conditions that incapacitates him/her to live up to his/her
solemn oath.

4. INCAPACITY: The President writes to the Senate President and Speaker of

the House of Representatives informing them that s/he is no longer capable of
discharging his or her duties as President. But s/he can assume the position as
soon as the incapacity is removed.

The majority of the cabinet members can write to the Senate President and
Speaker of the House informing them of the incapacity of the President. If the
President objects, Congress will determine whether such incapacity exists.

5. IMPEACHMENT: The President is removed from office involuntarily. The

House of Representatives in a vote of at least one-third of all members can
transmit to the Senate the Articles of Impeachment charging the President for
culpable violation of the Constitution, betrayal of public trust, high crimes, and
graft and corruption.

The Senate sitting as an Impeachment Court holds a trial to determine whether

the Articles of Impeachment from the House have legal basis. The senators will
act as judges with the Chief Justice as the Presiding officer. A vote of at least
two-thirds or 16 of the senators is needed to impeach the President. Thereafter,
the Vice-President becomes the new President.
Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances
The principle of separation of powers is the primary feature of a
presidential form of government. Each branch of the government (executive,
legislative, judiciary) performs powers and functions independent from each
other. No branch can intervene with the discharge of the powers and functions of
the other branches.
To prevent abuse of power by any of the three (3) branches of
government, the principle of checks and balance is also put in place. The
legislature checks the executive through its power to impeach, to approve
Presidential appointments, to revoke declaration of martial law and suspension
of the writ of habeas corpus, to authorize budget prepared by the executive, and
to call upon cabinet members for legislative inquiries. The legislature also checks
the judiciary through its powers to impeach, to conduct legislative inquiry and
budgetary hearings, and to reorganize the courts except the Supreme Court.
The executive checks the legislature through its power to veto legislations
of the Congress. The executive also formulates the implementing rules and
regulations of the laws passed by Congress. The President may also issue laws
through his ordinance power if Congress fails to legislate certain policies.
Moreover, the executive also checks the judiciary through its powers to appoint
the chief justice and justices of the Supreme Court and the judges of lower
courts, to counteract courts’ judgment or rulings by invoking its independent
judicial power, to grant reprieve, commutation and pardon to convicted criminals,
and to question judicial decisions and the pressures attendant to such
positioning.
As to the checks of the judiciary over the branches of government, it has a
judicial review power. The Supreme Court has the sole power to review the
constitutionality of laws passed by Congress and the manner of implementation
by the executive.

News Clipping
Direction: Each student shall be required to read a news clip showing the
President’s exercise of power. Cut out the news item and paste it on a long-sized
bond paper and at the bottom, briefly discuss the power/s exercised by the
president.

Direction: Read each question carefully. Write your answers on a separate paper.

1. Distinguish reprieve from suspension.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. Mr. X was convicted for violation of the election law. State the conditions upon
which the President may exercise pardon over him.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. Explain the veto power of the President.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

4. When can the President exercise his supervisory power over the local
government units?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

5. Describe the impeachment process against the President.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Executive power is the power to administer or implement the law. Under

the 1987 Constitution, this power is vested in the President of the Republic of the
Philippines. The Philippines president is assisted by national and local officials
who are either elected or appointed.
The qualifications for the President and Vice-President under the 1987
Philippine Constitution are the same. Both must be a natural-born citizen, at
least 40 years of age, able to read and write, is a registered voter, and a resident
in the country for at least 10 years immediately preceding the election. The
canvassing of their votes and their proclamations are both done by Congress in
a joint public session. The term of office of the President is six years without re-
election. The term of the Vice-President is also six years but s/he is eligible for
re-election for not more than 2 consecutive terms.
As the head of the executive branch, the President exercises military,
administrative, pardoning, diplomatic and budgetary powers. In cases of death,
incapacity, disability, resignation or impeachment, the Constitution designates
the following public officials as his/her successor in accordance with the rules of
presidential succession: Vice President, Senate President, Speaker of the House,
or whoever is elected among the members of Congress as the Acting President.
Situational Analysis
Direction: Read each situation carefully and answer the corresponding questions
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The President represents the country in the international community and as

the Chief Executive and the highest official of the government, his duty is to
enforce the laws of the land. Do you think there is a mismatch between the
qualifications and the functions of the President?

2. The Philippines is one of the countries deeply affected by the threat of COVID
19. What is your opinion about the President temporarily taking over the
operations of private businesses in a bid to fight the coronavirus pandemic?

3. Do you think that it is still part of the power of the President to mobilize the
military to help the Philippine National Police in enforcing the enhanced
community quarantine?

4. Article XII of the 1987 Constitution states that “The State shall protect the
nation’s marine wealth in its archipelagic waters, territorial sea and exclusive
economic zone, and reserve its use and enjoyment exclusively to Filipino
citizens.” What is your opinion on President Duterte’s announcement allowing
Chinese fishermen to have their fishing activities near the Spratly islands?

Sentence Completion
Direction: Please complete the statements below. Write your answers on the
blanks provided for the two reflection activities.
I have learned that
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

I have learned that

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

I will apply what I have learned

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Insight Writing
Direction: Write your reflection/insights on each of the questions asked below.

1. Do you believe that President Duterte has been able to exercise his
presidential powers reasonably for the past four years?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. In your own perspective, what positive changes in our society do you expect to
occur during the term of President Duterte? How will the powers of the President
help achieve that change?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

We’re done with the activities which aided you in analyzing the roles and
powers of the executive branch of the Philippine government. At this point,
please answer the test below for us to check the level of your learning on this
lesson. Use a separate sheet of paper for this assessment.

Identification
Direction: Identify the power of the Philippine president referred to in the each of
the following statements. Write CAPITAL letter of the correct answer on your
paper.

Choices:
A. Administrative power
B. Power of appointment
C. Military power
D. Pardoning power
E. Power to enter into contract and guarantee foreign loans
F. Budgetary power
1. The President appoints the members of the Supreme Court and judges of
lower courts, and the chairperson and commissioners of the Constitutional
Commissions without legislative confirmation.
2. The President has the power to supervise, investigate and suspend or remove
officers and employees who belong to the executive branch.
3. The President may suspend the writ of habeas corpus under martial law.
4. The President has the power to grant amnesty with the concurrence of a
majority of all the members of the Philippine Congress.
5. The President may contract and guarantee foreign loans.
6. The President’s budget of expenditures and sources of financing will serve as
basis of the general appropriations bill.
7. The President can remit fines and forfeitures for an offenses after final
conviction.
8. The President can create military tribunals to try persons who violate military
laws or commit crimes against national security.
9. The President has the power to control executive departments, bureaus and
offices, and all cabinet members.
10. This power of the President does need approval for the Philippine Congress
provided that there is concurrence by the Monetary Board.
Glossary
The terms used in this module are defined as follows:

Absolute pardon - When pardon is not subject to any condition whatsoever, it

becomes effective when made.

Administrative Powers - It refers to the powers of the President to control over

the executive departments of the government and supervisory powers over all
local government units (LGUs) such that of the province, city, municipality and
barangay.

Amnesty - It is an act of the sovereign power granting oblivion or a general

pardon for a past offense usually granted in favor of certain class of persons who
have committed crimes of a political character, such as treason, sedition or
rebellion.

Budgetary Powers – Power of the President to prepare the budget of receipts

and expenditures based on existing and proposed revenue measures and other
resources of financing.

Checks and balances - a principle which prevents abuse of power by any of the
three branches of government

Commutation - the reduction of sentence imposed to a lesser punishment, as

from death penalty to life imprisonment. It can be granted without the acceptance
and even against the will of the prisoner.

Conditional pardon - when it is given subject to any condition or qualification

the President may see fit. It must be accepted by the prisoner to become
effective.

Death - the President is removed by a natural cause.

Executive Power - refers to the authority to administer the laws carrying them
into practical operations and enforcing their due observance.

Impeachment - the President is removed from office involuntarily.

Incapacity - the President writes to the Senate President and Speaker of the
House of Representatives informing them that s/he is no longer capable of
discharging his or her duties as President.

Natural-born Filipino citizen - is a citizen of the Philippines from birth without

having to perform an act to acquire or perfect his Philippine Citizenship.

Pardon - an act of grace proceeding from the power entrusted with the execution
of the laws which exempts the individual on whom it is bestowed, from the
punishment the law inflicts from a crime he has committed.
Pardoning Powers – power of the President to grant reprieves, commutations
and pardons and remit fines and forfeitures, after conviction by final judgment.

Parole - a process in which the prisoner is released from imprisonment, but

without full restoration of liberty as a parolee is still in the custody of the law.

Permanent Disability - the President is replaced by the Vice-President for

serious physical conditions that incapacitates him/her to live up to his/her solemn
oath

Power of Appointment – power of the President to appoint officials of various

government.

Registered voter - is one who is duly registered in the list of voters because he
possesses the qualification for suffrage
.
Reprieve - it is the postponement of the execution of a death sentence to a
certain date.

Resignation -the President for some personal or political reasons voluntarily

relinquish his/her position.

Separation of power - Each branch of the government (executive, legislative,

judiciary) performs powers and functions independent from each other
Suspension - the postponement of an execution of death to an indefinite time. It
can be performed on the next day, week or month depending on the order of
the President.
Try This!
I. Multiple-Choice
1. A 6. C
2. C 7. C
3. B 8. B
4. B 9. B
5. A 10. C
Do This!
* Power Organizer
Power to contract
foreign loans
Pardoning
Power
and guarantee
and guarantee
Power
Pardoning
zPower to contract
foreign loans
Power
Military Power President Budgetary
Power President
Budgetary
Military Power
Power of
Administrative
Appointment
Power Appointment
Power of
* News Clipping
Answers may vary.
Explore!
Answers may vary.
Apply what you have Learned
* Situational Analysis
Answers may vary.
Reflect!
* Sentence Completion
Answers may vary.
* Insight Writing
Answers may vary.
Assess what you have learned
* Identification
1. B 6. F
2. A 7. D
3. C 8. C
4. D 9. A
5. E 10. F
Answer Key
References
Ballano, Vivencio O. 2007. “Law, Piracy and American Hegemony in Intellectual
Property Rights” SPUC Review, Vol. 1, No. 1. 2007, 9-23.

Munoz, Mauro Jr. R. & Gonzales_Munoz, Delilah. 2002. Philippine Governance

and Constitution. Quezon City: Katha Publishing Co., Inc.

Peñaflor, Lito A. 2017. Politics and Governance with Philippine Constitution for
Senior High School. Unlimited Books Library Services and Publishing Inc.,
Manila, Philippines.

Sadera, Jefferson M., et. al. 2018. “Politics Governance for Senior High School”.
Jimczyville Publications, Malabon City, Philippines.
For questions and feedback, write or call the following:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph