Senior High School

11
Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1-Module 7-Week 7

The Roles of Different Political

Institutions (Part 1)

Image Credit: alamy.com Political Institutions High Resolution

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 Philippine Politics and Governance Grade 11/12
First Semester-Quarter 1– Module 7-Week 7

The Roles of Different Political Institutions (Part 1)

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Published by the Department of Education - CEBU CITY DIVISION

Region VII

Development Team of the Module

Compiler/Contextualizer:
Edwin L. Perino, J.D., Apas National High School

Editors / Reviewers:
Alice Ganar, PSDS-SD 8, OIC-SHS Coordinator
Vivian E. Emping, MT1- Apas National High School

Management Team:
RHEA MAR A. ANGTUD, EdD
Schools Division Superintendent

DR. GRECIA F. BATALUNA

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

DR. LUIS O. DERASIN, Jr.

EPS- Araling Panlipunan/SHS Division Coordinator

VANESSA L. HARAYO,LLB
EPS-in-charge of LRMS

Department of Education – School Division of Cebu City, Region VII

Office Address: New Imus Ave., Barangay Day-as Cebu City
Telephone No: (032) 253 2559
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

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 First Semester-First Quarter-Module7-Week 7
The Roles of Different Political Institutions (Part 1)
Content Standard : The learners demonstrate an understanding of the
historical background of Philippine democratic politics, the
executive, the legislative, the judiciary, and decentralization
and local governance.

Performance Standard : The learners should be able to explain the roles of

different
political institutions.

Competency/Code : The learners analyze the evolution of Philippine politics

and governance. (HUMSS_PG12- Ib-c-7)

Learning Outcome :1. Create a Concept Map that contains the characteristics
of the three branches of Philippine government as
political institutions.
2. Illustrate the roles of political institutions using a Data
Retrieval Chart.
3. Write an Organization Chart of barangay’s officials and
their functions.

What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is regarded as the highest law of the land?

A. Constitution B. Circular D. Memorandum D. Ordinance

2. One of the following is a political institution that creates laws, EXCEPT __.
A. Barangay Council C. The Philippine Senate
B. The House of Representatives D. Lupong Tagapamayapa

3. Which of the following does not qualify as a formal political institution?

A. Miss Universe Pageant Organization C. Department of Justice
B. Department of Education D. Bureau of Internal Revenue

4. The Philippine Legislature or the lawmaking body is bicameral. It has to mean

that ________ .
A. Laws are debated or approved by the members of one house or chamber.
B. Laws are deliberated upon and be voted for or against separately by
members of two houses or chambers.
C. Laws are passed by the Executive Head of the country.
D. Laws are interpreted by a court or agency exercising quasi-judicial
functions.

5. The House of Representatives and the House of the Senate make up the
Philippine Congress. This is the political institution that ____ .
A. exercises legislative powers to make, revise, amend or repeal laws.
B. exercises executive powers to implement, enforce, or execute laws.
C. exercises judicial powers to interpret the Constitution and other laws.

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 D. exercises supervisory powers over the local government units.

6. Which of the following institutes the doctrine of the separation of powers among
the three branches of government?
A. Parliamentary form of government C. Theocratic form of government
B. Presidential form of government D. Autocratic form of government

7. One in which the political power is exercised by most of the people as the real
authority originates from them.
A. Aristocracy B. Monarchy C. Democracy D. Oligarchy

8. One in which the powers are divided between two sets of organs, one for national
affairs and the other for local affairs, each organ being supreme with its own
sphere. The US is an example of this.
A. Federal government C. Unitary government
B. Presidential government D. Parliamentary government

9. The First Philippine Commission which was meant to make a fact-finding

survey of the Philippine Islands and submit appropriate recommendations to
US Congress.
A. Taft Commission C. Philippine Bill of 1902
B. Schurman Commission D. Tydings McDuffie Act

10. It is the written instrument enacted by direct action of the people by which the
fundamental powers of the government are established, limited and defined, and
by which those powers are distributed among the several departments for their
safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the body politic.
A. Executive Orders B. Constitution C. Ordinances D. Republic
Acts

11. Which of the following best describes a rigid constitution?

A. One that can be amended only by formal and usually difficult process.
B. One whose precepts are embodied in one document or set of documents.
C. Consists of rules which have not been integrated into a single, concrete form
but
are scattered in various sources.
D. One that can be changed by ordinary legislation.

12. This treaty ended the Spanish-American War. As a result, the Philippines was
ceded by Spain to the United States for 20M$.
A. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
B. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space
and
Under Water (Test Ban Treaty)
C. Treaty of Paris of 1898
D. Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations

13. A political institution has something to do with ______.

A. with the country’s conduct of foreign relations with other countries.
B. with theoretical backgrounds of the different political systems.
C. with the organizations in a government that create, enforce, and apply laws.
D. with people’s right to exercise their civil and political rights.

14. Which of the following was the aim of Andres Bonifacio and others in organizing
the secret organization Katipunan?
A. Continuing to apply the Code of Kalantiao
B. Ending the Spanish colonization of the Philippines
C. Ending the American colonization of the Philippines
D. Making Philippines a puppet government during the Japanese occupation

15. Formal political institutions strive to give their best to their followers. Which of the
following statements is consistent with this statement?
A. Institution of draconian measures to instill fear among the citizens.
B. Political stability where people’s happiness and well-being are served.
C. Political instability where armed groups are hell-bent on overthrowing the
government.

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 D. Institution of anarchism where people demand that laws are unnecessary as
common good is served by the cooperation of all concerned.

What I Need to Know

This module entitled The Roles of Different Political Institutions attempts to

discuss the historical background of Philippine democratic politics, the executive, the
legislative, the judiciary, and decentralization and local governance. The Philippines is
a republic with a presidential form of government wherein power is equally divided
among its three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
The government seeks to act in the best interests of its citizens through this
system of check and balance. One basic corollary in a presidential system of
government is the principle of separation of powers wherein legislation belongs to
Congress, execution to the Executive, and settlement of legal controversies to the
Judiciary.

The module contains the following lesson for discussion:

 The Roles of Different Political Institutions

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Create a Concept Map that contains the characteristics true to the three
branches of Philippine government as political institutions.
2. Illustrate the roles of political institutions using a Data Retrieval Chart.
3. Write an Organization Chart of barangay’s officials and their functions.

Lesson
The Roles of Different
7 Political Institutions

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 The politics of the Philippines takes place in an
organized framework of
a presidential, representative, and
democratic republic whereby the president is
both the head of state and the head of
government within a pluriform multi-party
system. This system revolves around three
separate and sovereign yet interdependent
branches: the legislative branch, the executive
branch, and the judicial branch. Executive
power is exercised by the government under the
leadership of the president. Legislative power is
vested in both the government and the
bicameral Congress: the Senate (the upper
house) and the House of Representatives (the
lower house). Judicial power is vested in the
courts with the Supreme Court of the
Philippines as the highest judicial body.
Image 2: Philippine Flag

What’s In

BRIEF HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT AND

CONSTITUTION

Pre-Spanish Philippines
When the Spanish colonizers first arrived in the Philippine archipelago, they found the
indigenous Filipinos without any written laws. Mainly, the laws enforced were derived
from customs, usages, and tradition. The unit of government of the indigenous
Filipinos was the barangay, which was headed by a chieftain called a datu who
exercised all functions of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—a barangay
was not only a political but also a social and economic organization. 

Spanish Colonialism in the Philippines

Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years, from 1565 to 1898. Spanish
colonization began with the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi's expedition on
February 13, 1565, from Mexico. He established the first permanent settlement in
Cebu. Much of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating the first unified
political structure known as the Philippines.

Malolos Constitution
Katipunan was the secret society organized by Andres Bonifacio with the aim of ending
Spanish colonization in the country. Andres Bonifacio with other leaders signed the
covenant of the Katipunan with their own blood on July 7, 1892. This was replaced by
another government headed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo as President.

On July 12, 1898, Philippine Independence was proclaimed and on January 21, 1899,
the First Republic was established with Aguinaldo as its President. The Malolos
Constitution was the first democratic constitution ever promulgated in the whole of
Asia. It established a parliamentary system, but with the President and not the Prime
Minister as head of the government.

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Philippines During American Occupation
As expected, the subsequent occupation by the Americans of the Philippine Islands in
the late 1890s after Spain’s defeat in the Spanish-American War paved the way for
considerable changes in the control, disposition, and governance of the Islands.

The Treaty of Paris in 1898, which ended the Spanish-American War, provided for the
cession of the Philippine Islands by Spain to the United States. The Americans first
organized a military government, but consolidation of executive, legislative, and
judicial authority in the military governor provoked protests from American
libertarians concerned over the non-observance of the doctrine of separation of
powers. As a result, steps were taken for the transition from military to civilian rule.

The first of these steps was the creation of the Schurman Commission, otherwise
known as the First Philippine Commission, to make a fact-finding survey of the
Philippine Islands and submit appropriate recommendations to the US Congress.
Another was the Taft Commission also known as the Second Philippine Commission,
which took over all legislative powers and some of the executive and judicial power.

On June 11, 1901, the Second Philippine Commission passed Act No. 136 entitled “An
Act Providing for the Organization of Courts in the Philippine Islands” formally
establishing the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands and creating Courts of First
Instance and Justices of the Peace Courts throughout the land.

By virtue of the Philippine Bill of 1902, the Philippine Assembly was created in 1907 to
sit with the Philippine Commission in a bicameral legislature with Sergio Osmena the
Speaker of the Philippine Assembly until its dissolution in 1916. In that year was
promulgated the Philippine Autonomy Act known as the Jones Law of 1916 which
established a Philippine Legislature consisting of a Senate and a House of
Representatives.

Commonwealth Government
The Jones Law continued until 1935, when it was supplanted by the Tydings McDuffie
Act which authorized the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
Toward this end, a Constitutional Convention framed the Constitution of 1935, which
was ratified on May 14, of that year and led to the inauguration of the Commonwealth
Government on November 15, 1935. Quezon was the First President, with Osmena as
Vice-President. The Tydings McDuffie Act promised independence to the Filipinos if
they could prove their capacity for democratic government during a ten-year transition
period. Accordingly, on July 4, 1946, the US formally withdrew its sovereignty over the
Philippines.

Second Philippine Republic

The Japanese Forces proclaimed on January 2, 1942, the military administration over
the Philippines. The Second Philippine Republic of the Philippines headed by President
Jose P. Laurel during the Japanese occupation of our country was inaugurated on
October 14, 1943. It was considered as a puppet administration since it was
practically the Japanese Commander in Chief and Japanese Imperial Army who ruled
the country.

The 1973 Philippine Constitution

The declaration of Martial Law through Proclamation No. 1081 by former President
Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1972 brought about the transition from the 1935 Constitution
to the 1973 Constitution. This transition had implications on the Court’s composition
and functions. This period brought in many legal issues of transcendental importance
and consequence. Among these were the legality of the ratification of a new
Constitution, the assumption of the totality of government authority by President
Marcos, the power to review the factual basis for a declaration of Martial Law by the
Chief Executive.

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Proclamation No. 1 (President Corazon C. Aquino declared the existence of a
Revolutionary Government)
Shortly after assuming office as the seventh President of the Republic of the
Philippines after the successful People Power Revolution, then President Corazon C.
Aquino declared the existence of a revolutionary government under Proclamation No. 1
dated February 25, 1986. Among the more significant portions of this Proclamation
was an instruction for “all appointive officials to submit their courtesy resignations
beginning with the members of the Supreme Court.”

Proclamation No. 3 (50 appointive members to compose as Constitutional Commission

to draft a new constitution) Article V of Proclamation No. 3 provided for the convening
of a Constitutional Commission composed of fifty appointive members to draft a new
constitution; this would be implemented by Proclamation No. 9. The output of the
Constitutional Commission of 1986 was submitted to the people for ratification, under
Filipino people then ratified the Constitution submitted to them by the Constitutional
Commission on February 2, 1987.

The 1987 Constitution One of the first acts of the new President was the promulgation
of a provisional or “Freedom Constitution” which was to be in force pending the
adoption of a new constitution to be drafted by a Constitutional Commission. This
body approved the draft of a new charter which was submitted to the people at a
plebiscite held on February 2, 1987.This constitution provides that “[t]he judicial
power shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be
established by law.” (Art. VII, Sec. 1). The exercise of judicial power is shared by the
Supreme Court with all the courts below it, but it is only the Supreme Court’s
decisions that are vested with precedential value or doctrinal authority, as its
interpretations of the Constitution and the laws are final and beyond review by any
other branch of government.

ACTIVITY 1: TRUE OR FALSE

Instructions: Write T if the statement is true, and F if it is false. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The exercise of judicial power is shared by the Supreme Court with all the courts
below it, but it is only the Supreme Courts’ decisions that are vested with precedential
value or doctrinal authority, as its interpretations of the Constitution and the laws are
final and beyond review by any other branch of government.

2. The adoption of the 1987 Constitution was to be drafted by fifty appointive

members of a Constitutional Convention and be submitted at a plebiscite for people’s
approval or disapproval

3. President Corazon Aquino’s Proclamation No. 1 was an instruction for “all elective
officials to submit their courtesy resignations beginning with the members of the
Supreme Court.”

4. The declaration of Martial Law through Proclamation No. 1081 by former President
Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1972 brought about the transition from the 1935 Constitution
to the 1973 Constitution.

5. The First Philippine Republic of the Philippines headed by President Jose P. Laurel
during the Japanese occupation of our country was inaugurated on October 14, 1943.
It was considered as a puppet administration since it was practically the Japanese
Commander in Chief and Japanese Imperial Army who ruled the country.

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6. The Commonwealth Government through the Tydings McDuffie Act promised
independence to the Filipinos if they could prove their capacity for democratic
government during a five-year transition period.

7.The Second Philippine Commission, otherwise known as the Schurman Commission

passed Act No. 136 entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization of Courts in the
Philippine Islands” formally establishing the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands
and creating Courts of First Instance and Justices of the Peace Courts throughout the
land.

8. The Philippine Autonomy Act known as the Jones Law of 1916 which established a
Philippine Legislature consisted of a Senate and a House of Representatives.

9. The Treaty of Paris in 1898, which ended the Spanish-American War, provided for
the cession of the Philippine Islands by Spain to the United States.

10. The Malolos Constitution was the first democratic constitution ever promulgated
in the whole of Asia.

What’s New

The 1987 Constitution provides for the separation of powers and functions of the three
branches of government.

The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through the
power vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is divided into the Senate
and the House of Representatives.

The Legislative Branch is the Philippine Congress that enacts legislation, confirms or
rejects Presidential appointments, and has the authority to declare war. This branch
includes the Senate and House of Representatives (District Representatives and Party-
list Representatives).

The Executive branch is composed of the President and the Vice President who are
elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The Constitution grants
the President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a large portion
of the country’s bureaucracy. The executive branch carries out and enforces laws.

The Judicial branch holds the power to settle controversies involving rights that are
legally demandable and enforceable. This branch determines whether or not there has
been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the
part and instrumentality of the government. It is made up of a Supreme Court and
lower courts. The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to
individual cases, and decides if laws violate the Constitution. The judicial power shall
be vested in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by
law.

ACTIVITY 2. LET’S CLASSIFY

Instructions: Classify the following statements whether they fall under the
legislative,

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 executive, or judicial department of the Philippine government. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1.The President is both the head of the state and the government.

2. The Lower House has the sole power to initiate impeachment proceedings while the
Upper House acts as a court to try cases against the exclusive list of public officials
whose conduct is in question.

3. The President shall address (State of the Nation Address) the Congress at the
opening of its regular session. He may also appear it at any other time.

4. The lawmaking power shall be vested in the Congress of the Philippines which shall
consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives, except to the extent reserved to
the people by the provision on initiative and referendum.

5. The Supreme Court shall be composed of a Chief Justice and fourteen Associate
Justices. It may sit en banc or in its discretion, in division of three, five, or seven
members.

6. This department or branch of government enforces or implements the laws passed

by
Congress.

7.It has the power to make, alter, or repeal laws.

8. The enrolled bill doctrine is complied with upon the signing of the bill by the
Speaker
of the House and the President of the Senate and the certification by the secretaries
of both Houses of Congress that such bill was passed are conclusive of its due
enactment.

9. The pardoning, appointing, military, diplomatic, and the power of control over the
cabinet secretaries are some of the powers exercised by the President of the
Philippines.

10. The judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts
as may be established by law.

What is It

THE DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

Political institutions are the organizations in a government that create, enforce, and
apply laws. They often mediate conflict, make governmental policy on the economy
and social systems, and otherwise provide representation for the population.
In general, democratic political regimes are divided into two types: Presidential which
headed by a President and the Parliamentary which is headed by a Prime Minister who
is a member of the Parliament.

 Political institution that create laws

The legislative branch or the legislature is the lawmaking body that enacts,
alters, or repeals laws. Laws can be deliberated by a unicameral legislature
(only one house) or bicameral (two houses—for example, a Senate and a House
of Representatives.

 Political institution that enforces laws

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 The executive department which is headed by the President enforces or
implements the laws.

 Political institution that interprets laws

The Supreme Court and other courts which exercise judicial power in the
interpretation of the Constitution and other laws and in the settlement of cases
between parties to a case.

Examples of Political Institutions

1.Government.
The Philippines is democratic in as much as the real power or authority
is exercised by the people. It is also a republic as the people choose
during elections their officials as their representatives. It is unitary or in
which the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central
or national government except those powers which can be exercised by
the Local Government Units under the Local Government Code of 1991.

The Philippines is also presidential which provides for the separation of

powers among the legislative, executive and judicial departments of the
government.
Governance could either be delivered by the national government
through its national and regional offices nationwide or through the Local
Government Units (LGUs) like the barangays, towns, cities, and
provinces.

2.Political party systems can be two-party or multiparty political system.

These parties can be strong or weak depending on their level of internal
cohesion. In politics, a political party is an organized group of people who
have the same ideology, or who otherwise have the same political
positions, and who field candidates for elections, in an attempt to get
them elected and thereby implement their agenda. Nationalista Party,
Liberal Party, Nationalist People’s Coalition, United Nationalist Alliance,
Lakas Christian-Muslim Democrats, PDP LAban are among the many
national political parties. Locally, we have BOPK, Team Barug, One Cebu
and others.

The Philippines adopts the multi-party system which allows people with
similar platforms or ideologies to organize themselves as political parties
which can participate in the elections.

3.Provisions on the constitutions on suffrage (right to vote), right to run for public
office, accountability of public officials. The term 'political Institutions' may also
refer to the recognized structure of rules and principles within which the above
organizations operate, including such concepts as the right to vote, a
responsible government, and accountability.

Section 1 of Article V of the 1987 Constitution on Suffrage provides for the

minimal qualifications of citizens in order to be allowed to vote to democratize
the electoral process.

Section 1 of Article XI of the 1987 Constitution states that the public office is a
public trust. Public officers and employees must, at all times, be accountable to
the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and
efficiency; at with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives.

4.Trade Unions: Those association of workers which advances the working

conditions

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 of workers, decent pay, retirement benefits, incentive leave, holiday pay, and
others.

Political Institutions, in brief

Political institutions and systems have a direct impact on the business environment
and activities of a country. For example, a political system that is straightforward and
evolving when it comes to the political participation of the people and laser-focused on
the well-being of its citizens contributes to positive economic growth in its region.

Every society must have a type of political system so that it may allocate resources
and ongoing procedures appropriately. A political institution sets the rules in which an
orderly society obeys and ultimately decides and administers the laws for those that
do not obey.

Types of Political Systems

The political system consists of both politics and government and involves the law,
economy, culture, and other social concepts. The most popular political systems that
we know of around the world can be reduced to a few simple core concepts. Many
additional types of political systems are similar in idea or root, but most tend to
surround concepts of:
Democracy: A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible
members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Republic: A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their
elected representatives and that has an elected or nominated president rather
than a monarch.
Monarchy: A form of government in which one person reigns, typically a king or
a queen. The authority, also known as a crown, is typically inherited.
Communism: A system of government in which the state plans and controls
the economy. Often, an authoritarian party holds power and state controls are
imposed.
Dictatorship: A form of government where one person makes the main rules
and decisions with absolute power, disregarding input from others.

The Functions of a Political System

 In 1960, Gabriel Abraham Almond and James Smoot Coleman gathered
three core functions of a political system, which include: 
 To maintain the integration of society by determining norms.
 To adapt and change elements of social, economic, and religious systems
necessary for achieving collective (political) goals.
 To protect the integrity of the political system from outside threats.

Political Stability
Every government seeks stability, and without institutions, a democratic political
system simply cannot work. Systems need rules to be able to select political actors in
the nomination process. The leaders must have fundamental skills about how the
political institutions work and there must be rules about how authoritative decisions
are to be made. The institutions constrain political actors by punishing deviations
from institutionally prescribed behaviors and rewarding appropriate behavior.

QUESTIONS:

1. What makes an institution a political institution?

2. What are the activities of political institutions?
3. Is the government the best example of a political institution? Is the government
presidential if there exists a separation of powers among the legislative, executive and
judicial branches of the government? If so, what are the roles of these three branches?
4. Now, if the legislative branch passes laws that are pro-people, would it mean that
people’s lives get better? If the executive implements the law with effectiveness and

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efficiency, will it make people disciplined and cooperative? If the judiciary applies the
law without favoring one over the other, will the people trust the justice system?
5.Are barangays, towns, cities, and provinces considered as political institutions as
there are officials who execute the laws and others who enact ordinances called local
laws?
6.Have you heard of neighbors who have filed cases in courts? Are courts political
institutions too? How about the barangay’s Lupong Tagapamayapa?
7.How about business organizations? Workers’ associations and unions? Does there
presence make an impact on people’s lives? If a workers’ union fought for the increase
of daily minimum wage, is the fight worth it?
8.Elections come ang go, and you and others kept on hearing campaign promises not by
one candidate or political party alone but from all parties which present themselves up
for your votes, did it occur to you that a vibrant democracy is felt with many political
parties joining as the people can have a better choice of public officials? What effect
would a biparty system result? More choices or fewer ones to choose from?

What’s More
ACTIVITY 3: FILL ME OUT!

Instructions: Fill out the columns below with words that are appropriate for each
item.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Kinds of political Democratic Legislatures/ Types of Political

party-systems Political Regimes Lawmaking Systems
Bodies
1. 1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2. 2.
3.
4.
5.
ACTIVITY 4: CONCEPT MAPPING

Instructions: Inside the interlinked circles are items which require your responses.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Three
Four
branches or
characteristics
departments
of the
of the
Philippine
government
Government

Philippine
Government

Its first
Two Houses
Constitution
of Congress
until the
present

Diagram 1: Understanding the Philippine Government

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 What I Have Learned
ACTIVITY 5: SYNTHESIZING THE ROLES OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
Instructions: Supply words to complete the following introductory phrases to make
full
and responsive statements. Each response is worth five (5) points based
on substance of ideas of three (3) points and clarity of thoughts of two
(2)
points. Use a sheet of paper for your answers.

1.The three branches of the government and their powers and functions _________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

2. The Philippines is democratic, republic, presidential, and unitary because ______

________________________________________________________________________________ .

3.The Philippines adopts a multi-political party system ___________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________.

4.Public office is a public trust, under Section 1 of Article I means _________________

__________________________________________________________________________________.

5.The constitution is regarded as ________________________________________________.

What I Can Do

Activity 6: DATA RETRIEVAL CHART COMPLETION

Instructions: Define political institution; moreover, describe the role of each

department of the Philippine government. Perfect score ten is (10)
points. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Role of
Executive
Department

Definition of Role of
Political Judicial
Institution Department

Role of
Legislative
Department

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 Role of
Political
Parties

Diagram 2: Roles of Political Institutions

Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on your
paper.
1. This is a form of government in which one-person reigns, typically a king or a
queen. The authority, also known as a crown, is typically inherited.
A. Communism B. Monarchy C. Aristocracy D. Democracy

2. Which of the following does not qualify as a formal political institution?

A. Miss Universe Pageant Organization C. Department of Justice
B. Department of Education D. Bureau of Internal Revenue

3. Who among the following headed the Second Philippine Republic of the Philippines
during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines?
A. President Jose P. Laurel C. Sergio Osmena
B. Manuel L. Quezon D. Elpidio Quirino

4. Which of the following is regarded as the highest law of the land?

A. Constitution B. Circular D. Memorandum D. Ordinance

5. These are organizations in the government that create, enforce, and apply laws,
EXCEPT ____.
A. Philippine Congress C. Executive Department
B. Judicial Department D. Family

6. The executive branch of the government carries out and enforces laws. Which of the
following actors belong to this branch?
A. The members of the Senate
B. The members of the House of Representatives
C. The justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the lower courts
D. It includes the President, Vice President, the Cabinet, executive
departments,
independent agencies, boards, commissions, and committees

7. Which of the following describes the Philippines as a republic?

A. The people exercised the real power and authority.
B. There is observance of the doctrine of separation of powers.
C. The governmental policies must come from the national government.
D. During elections, the people choose their officials as their representatives.

8. The three core functions of a political system include the following, EXCEPT___. 
A. To maintain the integration of society by determining norms
B. To protect the integrity of the political system from outside threats.
C. To adapt and change elements of social, economic, and religious systems
necessary for achieving collective (political) goals.
D. To deny people of their basic needs, prevent them from enjoying them
freedoms, or curtailing them of their basic rights which are guaranteed by
the constitution.

9. A political institution has something to do with ______.

A. with the country’s conduct of foreign relations with other countries.
B. with theoretical backgrounds of the different political systems.

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 C. with the organizations in a government that create, enforce, and apply laws.
D. with people’s right to exercise their civil and political rights.

10. The barangays, municipalities, cities, and provinces are political subdivisions
commonly known as ____.
A. Political parties C. Trade/Worker’s Unions
B. Party-list groups D. Local Government Units

11. All of the following are political institutions that create laws, EXCEPT __.
A. Barangay Council C. The Philippine Senate
B. The House of Representatives D. Lupong Tagapamayapa

12. The Philippine Legislature or the lawmaking body is bicameral. It has to mean that
____.
A. Laws are debated or approved by the members of one house or chamber.
B. Laws are deliberated upon and be voted for or against separately by
members of two houses or chambers.
C. Laws are passed by the Executive Head of the country.
D. Laws are interpreted by a court or agency exercising quasi-judicial functions.

13.The House of Representatives and the House of the Senate make up the Philippine
Congress. This is the political institution that ____ .
A. exercises legislative powers to make, revise, amend or repeal laws.
B. exercises executive powers to implement, enforce, or execute laws.
C. exercises judicial powers to interpret the Constitution and other laws.
D. exercises supervisory powers over the local government units.

14.Which of the following institutes the doctrine of the separation of powers among
the three branches of government?
A. Parliamentary form of government C. Theocratic form of government
B. Presidential form of government D. Autocratic form of government

15. Formal political institutions strive to give their best to their followers. Which of the
following statements is consistent with this statement?
A. Institution of draconian measures to instill fear among the citizens.
B. Political stability where people’s happiness and well-being are served.
C. Political instability where armed groups are hell-bent on overthrowing the
government.
D. Institution of anarchism where people demand that laws are unnecessary as
common good is served by the cooperation of all concerned.

Additional Activity

ACTIVITY 7: KABARANGAYAN
Instructions: Make a research on your barangay organizational chart, the roles or
functions of the officials and copy these on a separate sheet of paper. In
this information age, respective barangay officials maintain a website to
be more accessible to the people.
Bases for rating:
Content - 15 points
Timeliness in submission- 10 points
Total = 25 points

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