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La Union Schools Division
Region I
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Management Team:
1. What is democracy?
A. War C. All qualified citizens can vote
B. All citizens have an equal say D. Distribution of Wealth equally
3. How many countries today are run by some form of democratic government?
A. About 60 C. Over 100
B. 36 D. 200
9. It is known as the rule of people where the power in government does not emanate from
the divine right or any God, but from the citizens of the state.
A. Democracy C. Monarchy
B. Aristocracy D. Revolutionary
10. How many years will the President of the Philippines serve the country?
A. 6 C. 3
B. 4 D. 9
Discover
What is Democracy
Democracy originated from the Greek word demoskratos or demokratia which
means the rule of the people. Democracy is a system of government where citizens
choose their representatives to form a governing body. It is therefore, a government
of the people, for the people, and by the people. This is why it is also stated that
democracy is “Vox Populi, Vox Dei” meaning the Voice of the People is the Voice of
God. As the people are superior over the government.
Democracy is distinct from other forms of government as the power rests
among the citizenry unlike other forms which is either handled by one or a few
individuals. A democratic government focuses on freedom and opportunities for
people to improve on their abilities as well as express themselves for greater self-
determination.
Elements of Democracy
The United Nations General Assembly adopted in 2004 a resolution laying
out the essential elements of democracy which includes the following:
A. Legislative Branch
It enacts the laws of the state according to the desires of the constituents. It
is mainly comprised of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
B. Executive Branch
Implements the policy. The President of the land with the Cabinet Members
carry out these functions, making sure that the approves laws are executed
in every aspect of the citizenry’s lives.
C. Judicial Branch
Is responsible for giving meaning to the established laws and brings to justice
those who violate the fundamental laws of the land. This branch makes sure
that the fundamental rights and privileges of the citizenry are met by the
government.
Characteristics of Democracy
History proves that democracy did not exist in a perfect state. Democracy
evolved out of the refinement of its component to respond to the needs and demands
of the citizenry.
2. Political Freedom
Political freedom is one of the most important features of democratic
societies. It is freedom from oppression and compulsion. It may also be considered
as the positive exercise of rights and possibilities for actions as well as the exercise
of social rights, freedom from internal constraints, freedom of speech. The
concepts of political freedom connote civil liberties and human rights, which
should be protected by the state.
3. Rule of Law
Every law is a product of people represented by their congressman. The law
is the supreme factor that runs the government, and nobody is above the law. The
law protects and promotes the citizenry and so nobody can be over the law. The
rule of law state that every citizen should participate in the elections as the basic
features of democracy. This is also known as the right to suffrage where all voters
can participate freely and fully in the life of their society. Everybody has a say in
the fate of their society which happens during the time of elections whether on a
local or national level.
Activity 1. Choose the Correct answer
1. The “branch” of government, which has the power to make laws, and to alter
and repeal them.
A. Legislative C. Judicial
B. Executive D. Government
2. The “branch” of government which has the power to implement or enforce the
laws.
A. Legislative C. Judicial
B. Executive D. Government
3. The principle which ensures the “balance of powers” among the three branches
of government.
A. Division of Powers C. Decentralization
B. Separation of Powers D. Checks and Balances
4. The principle observed in the branches of the government, which gives them a
co-equal and coordinate powers. If one department goes beyond the limits set
by the constitution, its acts are null and void.
A. Division of Powers C. Checks and Balances
B. Separation of Powers D. Decentralization
5. This classification of government is ruled by few privilege persons who come from
wealthy and politically powerful individuals.
A. Oligarchy C. Monarchy
B Aristocracy D. Dictatorship
6. It is known as the rule of people where the power in government does not
emanate from the divine right or any God but from the citizens of the state.
A. Democracy C. Monarchy
B. Aristocracy D. Revolutionary
7. One of the most important features of democratic societies. The concepts connote
civil liberties and human rights, which should be protected by the state.
A. Political freedom C. Rule of Law
B. Legal Equality D. Equality before the law
8. Vox Populi, Vox Dei means “the voice of _______________.”
A. the people is the voice of God C. the people is the voice of the leader
B. God is the voice of the people D. God is a law
9. It states that every citizen should participate in the elections as the basic features
of democracy. This is also known as the right to suffrage where all voters can
participate freely and fully in the life of their society.
A. Political freedom C. Rule of Law
B. Legal Equality D. Equality before the law
10. It is the degree to which the government needs to explain or justify what they
have accomplished in relation to what was expected of them. It is gauged during
the government official transparency, which connotes absence of corruption
through honest behavior.
A. Accountability C. Transparency
B. Legal Equality D. Equality before the law
Activity 2. Let Us Process
Direction: Elaborate on the following concepts:
1. Democracy
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Human Rights
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Accountability
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Legal Equality
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Explore
Democratic Practices
Democratic practices are ways citizens can work together—even when they
disagree—to address shared problems.
1. Rights of citizens
The basic rights of citizens are protected. There is freedom of food,
clothing, shelter. Even, the choices of work, religion, etc. are not
controlled. None can compel him or prevent him in these aspects.
2. Common law for all
Any person found guilty is to be punished by law. Be it a poor man
or the rich, strong, or weak will have to undergo the same punishment
and judicial trial. Also, to get into any position, all the people will have to
follow the same procedures.
Freedom of life: People are free to live their life as they wish without causing
harm to others. This is a fundamental right provided by law.
But still, there are also disadvantages of democracy which needs to
be addressed. However, as per current levels of education and technological
development, democracy seems to be the best form of government.
Activity 1: Assessment
1. These rights still exist even there are no laws that create or provide them.
A. Natural Rights
B. Constitutional Rights
C. Political Rights
D. Civil Rights
2. What right is involved if an employee is terminated from work without just cause?
A. Right to Life
C. Right to Property
B. Right Liberty
D. Right to Travel
5. The burden of proof in a civil trial is to prove a case ________. The burden of proof
rests with the __________.
A. beyond a reasonable doubt; plaintiff
B. beyond a reasonable doubt; defendant
C. by a preponderance of the evidence; plaintiff
D. by a preponderance of the evidence
6. The "Burden of Proof" in a trial refers to___________________.
A. Which party has the responsibility of establishing the truth of their argument.
B. A person cannot be tried twice for the same crime if more evidence comes to
light years later.
C. On the balance of probabilities
D. The judge being responsible for deciding on a penalty.
7. The theory of government where one branch has the power to keep another branch
of government from becoming too powerful is called __________________.
A. Separation of Powers
B. Limited Government
C. Checks and Balances
D. Constitutional
8. The Checks and Balance Power used by the President (Executive Branch) against
the Legislative Branch when the President does NOT like a Law passed by the
Legislative Branch is called ___________________.
A. Presidential Veto
B. Judicial Review (optional)
C. Impeachment
D. Appointment Power
9. In a democracy, no one is above the law, and everyone is equal before it. So equal
justice is theoretically possible to all.
A. Separation of Powers
B. Limited Government
C. Checks and Balances
D. Equal and fair justice
10. People have the right to decide their leader by involvement in voting.
A. Right to Life
B. Right Liberty
C. People’s participation
D. Right to Travel
Deepen
Otto Warmbier was born on December 12, 1994, to Fred and Cindy
Warmbier and raised in Cincinnati, Ohio, into a family of American-Jewish descent
and was one of three children in the family, an American college student.
Fred Warmbier said the China-based tour operator, Young Pioneer Tours,
advertised the trip as safe for U.S. citizens. Danny Gratton, an adventurous British
sales manager, met Warmbier in Beijing as the two boarded the tour flight to
Pyongyang. The two struck up a friendship and were roommates on the trip. They
stuck together from the time they got to Pyongyang until Warmbier was arrested.
Warmbier traveled to North Korea for a five-day New Year’s tour of the
country organized by Young Pioneer Tours. Ten other U.S. citizens were in his tour
group.
During his stay at the Yanggakdo International Hotel in Pyongyang,
Warmbier allegedly stole a propaganda sign from a staff-only floor of the hotel. The
poster said,
“Let’s arm ourselves strongly with Kim Jong-il‘s patriotism!”.
He said he stole it for the mother of a friend who wanted it as a souvenir to
be hung on the wall of a church in his hometown of Wyoming, Ohio. He said that she
offered him a used car worth $10,000 as payment, and that if he was detained and
didn’t return, $200,000 would be paid to his mother in the form of a charitable
donation. Warmbier said he accepted the offer because his family was “suffering from
very severe financial difficulties”.
Harming such items with the name or image of a North Korean leader is
considered a serious crime by the government.
On January 2, 2016, Warmbier was arrested for theft just prior to departing
North Korea from Pyongyang International Airport. Gratton witnessed the arrest.
The others in his tour group left the country without incident. His crime was
described as “a hostile act against the state” by the North Korean news agency KCNA.
Warmbier was tried and convicted for the theft of the propaganda banner
from a restricted area of the hotel. His trial included his confession, CCTV footage,
fingerprint evidence, and witness testimony.
On June 12, 2017, Rex Tillerson, the United States Secretary of State,
announced that North Korea had released Warmbier. Tillerson also announced that
the U.S. State Department secured Warmbier’s release at the direction of President
Donald Trump. Tillerson said that the State Department continues discussing three
other detained Americans with North Korea.
Warmbier was sentenced to 15 years of hard labor. Human Rights Watch
called the sentencing “outrageous and shocking”, while U.S. State Department
spokesman Mark Toner said that it was clear that North Korea used arrested
American citizens for political purposes despite its claims to the contrary.
Sometime in the month following his trial, Warmbier suffered an unknown
medical crisis that caused severe brain damage. His condition was not conveyed to
anyone outside North Korea, and Swedish envoys who represent the United States’
interests in North Korea were not able to see Warmbier after March 2016.
4. How did the U.S government help in the release of Otto Frederick Warmbier?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. What is your opinion regarding what was inflicted on Otto Frederick Warmbier by
the North Korean Government?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Gauge
2. One of the most important features of democratic societies. The concepts connote
civil liberties and human rights, which should be protected by the state.
A. Political freedom
B. Legal Equality
C. Rule of Law
D. Equality before the law
3. Vox Populi, Vox Dei means
A. The voice of the people is the voice of God.
B. The voice of God is the voice of the people
C. The voice of the people is the voice of the leader
D. The voice of God is a law
4. It states that every citizen should participate in the elections as the basic features
of democracy. This is also known as the right to suffrage where all voters can
participate freely and fully in the life of their society.
A. Political freedom
B. Legal Equality
C. Rule of Law
D. Equality before the law
5. It is the degree to which the government needs to explain or justify what they
have accomplished in relation to what was expected to them. It is gauged during
the government official transparency which connotes absence of corruption
through honest behavior.
A. Accountability
B. Legal Equality
C. Transparency
D. Equality before the law
6. The “branch” of government which has the power to make laws, and to alter
and repeal them.
A. Legislative
B. Executive
C. Judicial
D. Government
7. The “branch” of government which has the power to implement or enforce the
laws.
A. Legislative
B. Executive
C. Judicial
D. Government
8. The principle which ensures the “balance of powers” among the three branches
of government.
A. Division of Powers
B. Separation of Powers
C. Decentralization
D. Checks and Balances
9. The principle observe in the branches of the government which gives them a co-
equal and coordinate powers. If one department goes beyond the limits set by
the constitution, its acts are null and void.
A. Division of Powers
B. Separation of Powers
C. Checks and Balances
D. Decentralization
10. This classification of government is ruled by few privilege persons who come
from wealthy and politically powerful individuals.
A. Oligarchy
B Aristocracy
C. Monarchy
D. Dictatorship
14. In a democracy, no one is above the law, and everyone is equal before it. So equal
justice is theoretically possible to all.
A. Separation of Powers
B. Limited Government
C. Checks and Balances
D. Equal and fair justice
15. People have the right to decide their leader by involvement in voting.
A. Right to Life
B. Right Liberty
C. People’s participation
D. Right to Travel
16. These rights still exist even there are no laws that create or provide them.
A. Natural Rights
B. Constitutional Rights
C. Political Rights
D. Civil Rights
17. What right is involved if an employee is terminated from work without just
cause?
A. Right to Life
B. Right Liberty
C. Right to Property
D. Right to Travel
18. What is required before a person shall be deprived of life liberty, or property?
A. Due process of law
B. Observance of Equal protection of laws
C. Non- payment of bail
D. All of the choices
19. Who is the commander-in-chief of all the Armed Forces of the Philippines?
A. PNP Chief Archie Gamboa
B. Lieutenant General Gilbert I. Gapay
C. Pres. Rodrigo Duterte
D. None of the above
20. The burden of proof in a civil trial is to prove a case ________. The burden of
proof rests with the __________.
A. beyond a reasonable doubt; plaintiff
B. beyond a reasonable doubt; defendant
C. by a preponderance of the evidence; plaintiff
D. by a preponderance of the evidence
Gauge: Post Test
1. A 3. A 5. A 7. B 9. B 11. A 13. A 15.C 17. A 19. C
2. A 4. C 6. A 8. D 10. A 12. C 14. D 16. A 18. A 20. C
Deepen
Activity 1: Let Us Explore
1. Who is Otto Frederick Warmbier
= Otto Warmbier was born on December 12, 1994, to Fred and Cindy Warmbier and raised in
Cincinnati, Ohio, to a family of American-Jewish descent and was one of three children in the family.
an American college student
2. What was he doing in North Korea?
=Warmbier traveled to North Korea for a five-day New Year’s tour of the country organized by Young
Pioneer Tours. Ten other U.S. citizens were in his tour group.
3. Why was Otto Frederick Warmbier arrested?
= Warmbier allegedly stole a propaganda sign from a staff-only floor of the hotel. The poster said,
“Let’s arm ourselves strongly with Kim Jong-il‘s patriotism!”.
4. How did the the U.S government help in the release of Otto Frederick Warmbier
the U.S. State Department secured Warmbier’s release at the direction of President Donald Trump.
Tillerson said that the State Department continues discussing three other detained Americans with
North Korea.
5. What really happened to Otto Frederick Warmbier?
Warmbier was sentenced to 15 years of hard labor. Warmbier suffered an unknown medical crisis
that caused severe brain damage. His condition was not conveyed to anyone outside North Korea,
and Swedish envoys who represent the United States’ interests in North Korea were not able to see
Warmbier after March 2016.
Explore
Activity 1 Assessment
1. A 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
Discover: Discover Jumpstar
Activity 2. Let Us Process Activity 1 t
1, Democracy 1. A Activity 1
Democracy originated from the Greek word Demoskratos or 2. B 1. B
Demokratia which means the rule of the people. Democracy is actual 3. D 2. C
a system of government where citizens choose their representatives 4. B 3. C
to form a governing body 5. A 4. D
2. Human Rights 6. A 5. B
The right to vote, to form political parties, to own property or to marry 7. A 6. A
are necessary for democracy. So therefore Human Rights is uphold 8. A 7. B
3. Accountability 9. C 8. B
is the degree to which the government needs to explain or justify what 10. A 9. A
they have accomplished in relation to what was expected to them. 10. A
4. Legal Equality
the principle that reiterates that the citizens must be equally treated
by the law and proven innocent until there is due process.
Answer Key
References
Book
Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century by Ethel D. Magalona
et.al. p 79-89
Online Sources
https://www.kettering.org/core-insights/democratic-practices
https://www.mindcontroversy.com/why-is-democracy-important/