Department of Education

Bureau of Learning Delivery Teaching and

Learning Division

Grade Levels: Grades 11 and 12

Core Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance
Semester: 1st, 1st Quarter

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Analyze the roles and powers of the executive branch of the government,
HUMSS_PG12-Ih-24

The Executive – The role and responsibilities of the Philippine President in

relation to his/her power.

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Section 1 article VII of the Philippine constitution dealing with the Executive
Department begins with the enunciation of the principle that the executive power
shall be vested in the President of the Philippines. This means that the president
of the Philippines is the executive of the government of the Philippines.

It is imperative for the learner to know the roles and powers of the president of
the Philippines for him to be more aware and critical when the president
exercises his/her major powers.

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

Knowledge: Identify the Qualifications for Presidency and Successors to the

Position

Skills: Perform a short portrayal depicting the power of a president

Attitude: Realize the value of understanding the roles and powers of the
president

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Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your
answers.

1. He/She has the power to enforce and execute the laws faithfully.
2. The president of the Philippines is not mandated to supervise local
governments all over the country. Yes/No
3. Give one qualification of the president.
4. Give one executive power of the president.
5. Term of office of the President.
6. Give one example of privileges of the president granted under the
constitution.
7. Can the president order the investigation of a City Mayor for being a
gambling protector and impose disciplinary measure if found guilty?
Yes/NO
8. The Municipality of Bacong passed an ordinance prohibiting smoking in
public places. Can the President reverse said ordinance? Yes/NO
9. The Land Transportation Office (LTO) came out with a traffic regulation
closing certain streets to traffic of tricycle. Can the President set aside such
regulation? Yes/No
10. Where is the official residence of the President?

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ACTIVITY
Note: write your answers in your notebook

Task 1: Identify the names of these government officials on the choices

provided: (Law maker, law implementer, arbiter) based on the picture
provided. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

https://depedshs.blogspot.com

Task 2: Who was Ferdinand Marcos? How did he become so powerful in

Philippine politics?

ANALYSIS
1. Do you know these people (above picture)? (Yes/No)
2. Which of the three categories above is headed by the President?
Why? (law maker, law implementer, arbiter)
3. What is executive power? How is it exercised? (explain)

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THREE BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT

1. Executive Branch – a branch of government that carries out laws. It is

composed of the President and the Vice-President who are elected by
direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The Constitution grants
the President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a
large portion of the country’s bureaucracy. (Refer to Philippine
Constitution, Article VII)
2. Legislative Branch – a branch of government that authorized to make
laws, alter, repeal them through the power vested in the Philippine Congress.
This institution is divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives.
(Refer to Philippine Constitution, Article VI)

3.Judicial Branch – a branch of government that evaluates laws. It holds the

power to settle controversies involving rights and are legally demandable
and enforceable. (Refer to Philippine Constitution, Article VIII)

The Executive Branch

 Charged with the execution and administration of a country’s laws
 In general, the executive branch sets the direction of national policy
 Executive power in the government is vested in the office of the President
of the Republic

Qualifications of President and Vice-President

 Natural born citizen of the Philippines
 Registered voter
 Literate (can read and write)
 At least 40 years old on election day
 Resident of the country for 10years
 Elected at large by plurality

Term Limits
 The term of the President is for six years which shall begin at noon on
the thirtieth day of June following the day of election. It shall end on the
at noon of the same day and month six years after.
 No person who has succeeded and served as President for four (4) years
can run again to the same office at any time

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Roles and Responsibilities
 Appoints the head of the different executive departments (Appointing
power)
 Appoints ambassadors, consuls and public ministers
 Serves as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(Military power)
 Appoints Armed Forces Personnel from the rank of colonel or naval
captain
 Contracts/guarantees foreign loans (Borrowing power)
 Negotiates foreign treaties
 Makes appointments not otherwise provided for by law
 Suspends the writ of habeas corpus (Control Power)
 Declares martial law
 Prepares the national budget
 Refuses or approves a bill or joint resolutions thus prevent its enactment
(veto)
 Performs acts of clemency

Acts of Clemency
 Pardon – which is an act of grace that sets aside punishment for a crime.
 Commutation – which is an executive clemency that changes a
punishment to one which is less severe as from execution to life
imprisonment.
 Reprieve – which means temporary relief from or postponement of
execution of criminal punishment or sentence.
 Remission of fines and forfeitures – which is the condonation of the
financial obligation and the return of properties confiscated by reason of
the commission of the offense and conviction of the offender.
 Amnesty – denotes the general pardon to rebels for their treason and
other high political offenses, of the forgiveness which one sovereign
grants to the offender of the law of nations.

The President Cannot (Limitations)

 Holds any other office or enjoy any other form of employment
 Makes appointments two months prior to the next elections
 Makes appointment within the 4th civil degree of consanguinity
 Increases his/her salary or that of the Vice-President during his/her
term
 Ratifies foreign treaties
 Grants clemency in cases of impeachment

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Privileges of the President
 Official residence – the president shall have an official residence. He is
the only official of the government provided with a residence maintained
by public funds.
 Salary – is also entitled to a salary like all other public officers. The
salary of the president shall be determined by law and shall not be
decreased during their tenure.
 Immunity from suit – the president is accorded the immunity from suit,
both civil and criminal. The rationale for the grant to the President of this
privilege of immunity from suit is to assure the exercise of presidential
duties and functions free from any hindrance or distraction.

Causes of Vacancy
 Death
 Permanent Disability
 Resignation
 Impeachment
 Written declaration that he/she is unable to discharge the powers and
duties of the office
 If a majority of the cabinet makes a written declaration that the President
cannot discharge the powers and duties

More on Vacancy
 The President can, at a later time, inform congress that he/she is fit to
perform his/her duties again
 Congress can judge otherwise by a two-thirds votes of both houses voting
separately
 If the President falls seriously ill, the public will be informed of his/her
state of health; members of the cabinet in charge of national security and
foreign relations shall have access to the president; the chief of staff of
the Armed Forces shall have access to the President

Task 4: Make a graphic organizer on the Roles and responsibilities of the

President. Discuss your answer in your activity notebook.

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Write your personal reflection about the lesson. Share your learning
Insights/reflection that would provide you an opportunity to reflect on and
assess your skills, knowledge and comprehension

I have learned that ________________ ________________ ______.

I have realized that ________________ _________________ _____.

I will apply _____________ _________________ _______________.

Fill in the blank:

_______ 1. It is a department vested in the President of the Philippines.
_______ 2. The term of office of the President and Vice- President.
________3. Denotes the general pardon to rebels for their treason and other
high political offenses, of the forgiveness.
_______ 4. The Commander-in-Chief of the AFP.
_______ 5. Give one cabinet member of the President.
______ 6. Term of the President.
_______ 7. A power that is granted to the president.
_______ 8. Distinguish pardon from amnesty in simplest term.
_______ 9. Why do you think the president is not eligible for any re-election?
______ 10. No person who has succeeded as President and has served as such
for more than four years shall be qualified for election to the same office at any
time. Question: Why during the time of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is
still qualified to run the office on the next presidential election? Briefly explain.

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Glossary

The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

Arbiter is usually chosen or appointed by parties or by a court on their behalf. 
The decision of an arbiter is made according to the rules of law.

Immunity from suit is to be immune to or unable to be sued. Members of

public office are generally immune from being sued for their decisions.

Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body levels charges against

a government official

Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions
or suspension of civil law by a governmen

Writ of habeas corpus is used to bring a prisoner or other detainee (e.g.

institutionalized mental patient) before the court to determine if the person's
imprisonment or detention is lawful.

Answer Key

1. President
2. No
3. a. Natural born citizen of the Philippines
b. Registered voter
c. Literate (can read and write)
d. At least 40 years old on election day
e. Resident of the country for 10years
4. Implement the law
5. six years no reelection of the same office
6. a. Official Residence
b. salary
c. Immunity from suit
7. Yes
8. Yes
9. No
10. Malacañang Palace

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 1. Executive Department
2. six years no reelection of the same office
3. Amnesty
4. Secretary of Department of Education
5. President of the Philippines
6. Six year term
7. Executive Power
8. Amnesty is extended to persons who are subject to
prosecution but not yet convicted whereas, a pardon is granted
to a person who has already been convicted.
9. Because the prohibition intended to enable the President to
devote his full time to the interest of the whole people rather
than to spend much of it in pleasing a few politicians.
10. Because President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo had occupied
the office for less than four years.

References

https://pardonandparole.uslegal.com/amnesty/
https://depedshs.blogspot.com
https://www.slideshare.net
Politics, Governance and Government with Philippine Constitution, Second Edition 2004,
Roman R. Dannug and Marlo B. Campanilla
Government of the People 2002, Sherwin Prose C. Castaneda and Hazel C. Nuyda

Prepared by:

NAME OF WRITER: June Mark D. Empenida

Position: Teacher II
Schools Division: Negros Oriental
Region: VII

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