Introduction to Philippine Politics and Governance

1. 1. MR. CARL PATRICK SAHAGUN TADEO SHS Teacher Department of Social

Sciences Magsaysay Memorial College of Zambales, Inc.
2. 2. 4 PICS, 1 WORD
3. 3. _ _ _ _ _ _
4. 4. _ _ _ _ _ _
5. 5. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6. 6. What is POLITICS? •it is the heart of Political Science •According to Plato… POLITICS
is the study of the affairs of the Polis (city-state), which he defined as the most sovereign
and inclusive association.
7. 7. What is POLITICS? (cont.) •To Robert Dahl… •POLITICS is the existence of rules or
authority within the state. •It is therefore the study of POWER relationship among the
people in a given society as well those relationships among states in the international
community. (Lazo, 2009)
8. 8. ORIGIN OF POLITICS • POLIS – city-state • POLITES – citizens • POLITIKOS –
government officials • (Zaide, 1983)
9. 9. As a concept it is associated to the culture of cooperation one side and differing
conflict on the other side Politics Rivals Oppositions Competitions Work together
Consolidation Integration
10. 10. POLITICS is … • Exercise of power, making of political decisions, practice of
deception and manipulation, exercise of authority, allocation of limited resources •
Making of common decision • Use of force to affect the behaviour of another person or
group
11. 11. FYI ! •Did you know that people who are unaware or are only partly unaware and
uninformed of what is going on is called as idiotes. •Idiots for ancient Greeks means a
person who: does not vote, does not discuss public issues, and does not involve himself
in government affairs. 
12. 12. BASIC ISSUES IN POLITICS •Legitimacy •Sovereignty •Authority
13. 13. Legitimacy • Attitude of the people about what they consider in mind that government
is a rightful ruler over them • The King and Queen is the rightful throne on the basis of
legitimate succession to authority • LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RIGHT TO
GOVERN • Compels people to believe and follow orders
14. 14. Sovereignty •It is the right of the government to rule and the right of a government of
leadership to exist. •The right of a leader to rule and control not only his subjects but also
the territory over which the citizens live and prosper.
15. 15. Authority • It is the power of the leader to rule and the power to exact obedience on
his people. It is based on an acknowledged duty to obey rather than on any form of
coercion or manipulation. • It exists when subordinates acknowledged the right of
superiors to give orders. • Right to act rather than the power to do so.
16. 16. Classifications of Authority (Max Weber) 1. Traditional Authority A. inheritance or
succession a. Datu Puti 2.Charismatic Authority B. legality of formal rules b. Mayor La
Rainne Abad- Sarmiento 3. Rational- Legal/ Bureaucratic Authority C.gift of grace c.
Brother Eddie Villanueva
17. 17. Classifications of Authority (Max Weber) Type of Authority Description Examples
Traditional -legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice Datu Puti
Rational-Legal/ Bureaucratic Power made legitimate by law Mayor La Rainne Abad
Sarmiento Charismatic Leader’s exceptional personal or emotional appeal to followers
Brother Eddie Villanueva
18. 18. NOTE: •Authority relies on the obligation of the people to obey their leaders by virtue
of the legitimate power of his or her office. Effective authority requires firm, fair and wise
leadership.
19. 19. VALUE OF POLITICS • Politics will help you to know your rights. • Politics clarifies
what you yourself believes. • Politics is a living, breathing subject. • Politics helps you to
understand our nation’s parties. • Politics prepares you for adult life.
 20. 20. Why do we need to study Political Science? It enables us… • to understand how a
political system works • to understand the functions and role of the government • to
develop political awareness • to understand socio-political issues and their implications •
to cultivate responsive citizenship and effective participation in government
21. 21. FieldsofPoliticalScience Political Theory political views, thoughts or doctrines
(ideology) Public Law government powers, duties and organization, and limits of power
Public Administration methods and techniques of state affairs
22. 22. Important Personalities in PolSci • Jean Bodin – French Philosopher, who first called
the study of state as political science. • Niccolo Machiavelli– Father of Modern Political
Science • Jean Jacques Rousseau – Father of Modern Democracy
23. 23. GOVERNMENT • instrument for the purpose of governance • groups of people with
authority to govern a country or state GOVERNANCE • exercise of political, economic
and administrative authority to manage nation’s affairs • process of decision-making and
the process by which decisions are implemented
24. 24. Three Legs of Governance •Economic governance - country's economic activities
and its relationships with other economies • Political governance – to formulate policy
•Administrative governance – system of policy implementation
25. 25. Characteristics of Good Governance 1. Participation – participation by both men and
women 2. Rule of Law - legal frameworks should be fair and enforced impartially 3.
Transparency - free flow of information 4. Responsiveness - serve all stakeholders 5.
Consensus Oriented - mediates differing interests 6. Equity and Inclusiveness - all have
opportunities to improve or maintain their well-being 7. Effectiveness and efficiency -
produce results that meet needs while making the best use of resources 8. Accountability
- accountable to the public
26. 26. ASSIGNMENT: FOR FRIDAY: Present your PolvsPolSci Classification FOR
MONDAY: 1. Bring a picture of a known political leader may it be local, national or
international. 2. Bring the following as well: a. 8.5 x 11 bond paper b. Ruler c. Coloring
materials d. Marker e. Pencil
27. 27. REFERENCES • United Nations Development Program (1997), Governance &
Sustainable Human Development. A UNDP Policy Document.
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1. Philippine Politics and Governance 4th Quarter, 2nd Semester, A.Y. 2017-2018
CITIZENSHIP Philippine Politics and Governance 4th Quarter, 2nd Semester, A.Y. 2017-
2018 MR. CARL PATRICK S. TADEO Faculty, Senior High School Department of Social
Sciences 0907-056-8079 PRE-TEST Write TAYO NA! if the statement presents a fact
based on our law regarding citizenship. Otherwise, write WALANG TAYO!. 1. Mark’s
mother is German while his father is Filipino; therefore, Mark is not considered as a
Filipino. 2. John Idle is an American and he wants to become a Filipino, but there is no
way he can become one. 3. Citizenship can never be lost. 4. Bea Cruz is a Filipino.
When she married a Vietnamese, she automatically lost her Filipino citizenship. 5. There
are no natural-born Filipino citizens. Citizenship is a term denoting membership in a
political community called a state. Citizens of state enjoy full civil and political rights.
Modes of Acquiring Citizenship Modern law recognizes two ways of acquiring citizenship.
These are: A. By Birth – which is governed by two principles or rule, namely: 1. Jus
sanguinis – literally called the law of the blood. Citizenship is based on blood relationship,
that is, the citizenship of the child follows the citizenship of the parents or one of them.
The Philippines observe this principle. 2. Jus soli – this is called the law of the soil.
Citizenship is based on the place of birth, that is, the citizenship of the child is determined
by the state where he is born. This is the principle observed in the United States. B. By
Naturalization – it is the act of adopting an alien as citizen of the state and clothing him
with the corresponding rights and privileges. An alien can be naturalized in two ways.
These are: a. By special act of Congress in which Congress enacts a law conferring
citizenship on an alien; and b. By judgment of the court in which applicants for
naturalization comply with the substantive requirements (age, moral character, political
 belief, real property, or lucrative occupation) and procedural requirements (declaration of
intention, filing of petition, and hearing) of the Naturalization Law (C.A. 473).
2. 2. 2 Philippine Politics and Governance 4th Quarter, 2nd Semester, A.Y. 2017-2018 Two
types of Person Living in the Philippines 1. Aliens  These are people who live in within
the territory of the Philippines but “owe permanent allegiance to a foreign country.” 
They are not vote entitled to vote or run for elections.  They have limited business
capabilities, and they cannot engage in professions like law and medicine, among other
restrictions.  State provides them protection by extending the civil rights guaranteed by
the Constitution, provided that they also obey the laws of the land and pay taxes. 2.
Citizens A citizen meets the qualifications stated under Section 1, Article IV of the 1987
Philippine Constitution, which are:  Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time
of the adoption of this Constitution;  Those whose fathers and mothers are citizens of
the Philippines;  Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine citizenship reaching the age of majority; and  Those who are naturalized in
accordance with law. Kinds of Citizens under the Constitution 1. Natural-born Citizen – as
described in Section 2 of Article IV, a natural born citizen is one who: a. is already a
citizen of the state from birth without performing any act to acquire or perfect his
citizenship; and b. those born before January 17, 1973 of Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. This is called citizenship by
election (Commonwealth Act 625, Sec. 1). A citizen whose parents are one of them is a
citizen of the Philippines is a natural- born citizen but if at a later time, the citizen
becomes a naturalized citizen of another state and subsequently, reacquires again his
Philippine citizenship, is not a natural-born citizen. 2. Naturalized Citizen – he is one who
renounced his former citizenship and was granted citizenship by another state. It is very
important to distinguish between a natural- born citizen and a naturalized citizen because
the constitution reserves the following positions only for the natural-born citizens (see Art.
VII, Secs.,2-3, Art. VI, Secs. 3 and 6, Art. VIII, Sec. 7(1), Art. B-Sec, 1 (1), D-Sec.1, Art.
XI, Sec.8, Art. XII, Sec. 20), namely: 1. President and Vice President; 2. Members of the
Congress; 3. Justices of the Supreme Court and Judges of lower courts; 4. Members of
any Constitutional Commission such as the Commission on Elections; 5. Members of the
Monetary Board; and 6. The Ombudsman and his deputy.
3. 3. 3 Philippine Politics and Governance 4th Quarter, 2nd Semester, A.Y. 2017-2018 Loss
and Reacquisition of Citizenship Citizenship is more or less permanent. It is a right that
can be with held by the state in accordance with the procedures and groups provided by
law. A Filipino citizen may lose or reacquire citizenship in accordance with provisions of
Commonwealth Act No. 63, as amended by R.A. 106 an R.As. 965 and 2639 which are:
Loss of Citizenship 1. By naturalization in a foreign country; 2. By express renunciation of
citizenship; 3. By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution or laws
of a foreign state; 4. By rendering services to or accepting commission in the armed
forces of a foreign country except under circumstances such as, if we have a military pact
of alliance in the foreign country; 5. By cancellation of the certificates of naturalization;
and 6. By having been declared a deserter in the Armed Forces if the Philippines in time
of way by competent authority. Expatriation – voluntary loss of Philippine citizenship
Repatriation – reacquisition of the same Expatriate – a Filipino who becomes a
naturalized American citizen Repatriate – if he returns to Philippines and causes
reacquisition of his Philippine citizenship Reacquisition of Citizenship 1. By naturalization;
2. By a direct act of Congress; and 3. By repatriation. This means taking an oath of
allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines before the proper court and registering the
same in the civil registry. Citizenship of Filipinos who Marry Aliens Article IV, Section 4
states that: “Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship,
unless by their act or omission they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.”
Article IV, Section 5 states that: “Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national
interest and shall be dealt with by law.” References: Naguit, Reynaldo S. (2005).
Discourses on the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Meycauayan, Bulacan: Trinitas
Publishing, Inc. Pawilen, R.A. & Pawilen, R. M. (2016). Philippine Politics and
Governance. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store