INTRODUCTION

TO THE
PHILIPPINE
POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE
TSCOIPLI
 TSCOIPLI

POLITICS
LERU FO AWL
LERU FO AWL

RULE OF LAW
GROVEANNCE
GROVEANNCE

GOVERNANCE
PARNTREANYCS
 PARNTREANYCS

TRANSPARENCY
SERPNSIOSEVNES
 SERPNSIOSEVNES

RESPONSIVENESS
ORIGIN OF POLITICS

POLIS - CITY/STATE
POLITES - CITIZENS
POLITIKOS - GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS
What is Politics?
◦ Academic study of government and the state
◦ Art or science of government
◦ Art or science concerned with guiding or influencing governmental policy
◦ Art or science concerned with winning and holding control over a
government
◦ Political actions, practices or policies
◦ Political affair or business especially competition between competing
interest groups or individuals for power and leadership

◦ Merriam-webster 1828
 Politics
◦ Heart of Political Science
◦ The activity of people where they create, preserve
and amend laws under which they live
 Politics as the art of government

◦ Politics is what defines the activities of the government and of the

state.
◦ Government Officials and all those working in the government are
participating in politics
 Politics as Public Affairs

◦ Politics is played by everybody

◦ Aristotle said that “man by nature is a political

animal
Politics as compromise and consensus

◦ Politics is meant to resolve conflict

◦ In politics, compromise, conciliation and negotiation
becomes necessary.
◦ Politics becomes the process of conflict resolution
Politics as Power
◦ Politics happen in all human interactions: within the
family, among friends and officemates, etc.
◦ Politics can therefore be seen as struggle over scarce
resources, and power can be seen as the means through
which struggle is conducted
POLITICS POLITICAL SCIENCE

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

 Politics Political Science

◦ Focuses its study on the actual actions or
decisions of the state
◦ Is concerned with issues, problems and
activities of the state
◦ Academic discipline deals with the theoretical
study of the state and government.
◦ Concerned on how the state originated, its
nature and its functions
◦ One who observes how the state makes
decisions and how this decision affects the
people

Political science cannot be differentiated with politics. It

studies politics. The state and government are the key
factors in the study of political science and politics.
Why study Politics?
◦ Help you to know your rights.
◦ Clarifies what you yourself believes.
◦ It is a living, breathing subject.
◦ Help you to understand our nation’s parties.
◦ Prepares you for your adult life.
Task #1

◦ On a bondpaper create a concept map on Politics

 oppositions cooperation

rivals consolidation

competitions POLITICS integration

Politics is…
◦ Exercise of power, making political decisions, practice of
deception and manipulation, exercise of authority, allocation
of limited resources
◦ (Lazo, 2009) the study of power relationship among the
people in a given society as well as those relationships
among states in the internal community.
Did you know?

◦ That people who are unaware or are only partly unaware and
uninformed of what is going on is called idiotes.

◦ Idiots for Ancient Greeks means a person who does not vote, does
not discuss public issues, and does not involve himself in
government affairs.
Basic Issues in Politics:

◦Legitimacy
◦Sovereignty
◦Authority
Legitimacy

◦ Attitude of the people about what they consider

in mind that government is a rightful ruler over
them
◦ Legal and psychological right to govern
◦ Compels people to believe and follow orders
Sovereignty

◦ The right of government to rule and the right of a government of

leadership to exist
◦ The right of a leader to rule and control not only his subjects but
also the territory over which citizens live and prosper
Authority

◦ The power of the leader to rule and expect obedience on his people.
It is based on an acknowledged duty to obey rather than on any
form of coercion or manipulation.
◦ Exists when subordinates acknowledge the right of superiors to
give orders
◦ Right to act rather than to do so
Types of Authority (Max Weber)
Type Description Example
Traditional Conferred by custom and
accepted practice
Rational – Power made legitimated
Legal/Bureaucratic by law
Authority
Charismatic Authority Leaders exceptional
power or emotional
appeal to followers
Approaches to study politics:

◦ Political Philosophy – traditional approach in which the primary

goal is to understand the essence or truth about politics.
◦ Political Science – the empirical/objective approach in which it
places little emphasis on abstract and normative question, and
concentrates on a dispassionate and objective of the realities of
politics.
Fields of Political Science
Fields of Pol.Scie.

Political views,thoughts, or doctrines

Political Theory
(ideologies)

Government powers, duties and

Public LAw
organizations and limit of powers

Methods and techniques of state

Public Administration
affairs
Important personalities

◦ Jean Bodin – French Philosopher who first called the

study of state as political science
◦ Niccolo Machiavelli –
◦ Father of Modern Political Science
◦ Jean Jacques Rousseau
◦ Father of Modern Democracy
Lesson 2: Government and Governance

◦Governance is what a government does.

◦Governance is the physical exercise of the
polity while the government is the body
through which this is done.
Government
◦ is a group of people who rule or run the administration of a country. In other words, it may be said that a
government is the body of representatives that governs and controls the state at a given time.
Government is the medium through which the power of the state is employed.
◦ Government may be a democracy or autocracy, but most of the modern governments are democratic.
◦ A democratic government may be defined as that which has the public mandate to run the affairs of the
country with a well-defined term after which in the successive term the same people may be elected
again. The government may be labeled as good or bad according to their ways of working for the good of
the people.
◦ the government is a body of elected representatives which is headed by a single person.
Governance
◦ Governance is the act of governing or ruling. It is the set of rules and laws
framed by the government that are to be implemented through the
representatives of the state. Simply put, governance is what governments do.
◦ The main purpose of governance is to assure good results following a set
pattern of rules.
◦ This body makes use of established rules and a principle to efficiently
run the affairs of the country in favor of the people of the nation is
called governance.
Three arms of Governance

◦ Economic Governance – country’s economic activities,

and its relationships with other activities
◦ Political Governance – to formulate policy
◦ Administrative Governance – system of Policy
implementation
CHARACTERISTICS OF
GOOD GOVERNANCE
 From both men and women

One of the strengths of Philippine Governance

1. Participation 1987 Philippine Constitution is replete of provisions dealing

with relational and inter sectoral governance

The Local Government Act of 1989 was borne out of the

need for decentralization in Philippine Governance

Normative standards for good governance

 Legal Frameworks should be fair and enforced impartially

Democracy

2. Rule of Law Demands that the people and the civil society render habitual
obedience to the law

Also demands that the government acts within the limits of

the powers and functions prescribed by the law

Lack of respect for law is generally caused by the distrust on

the integrity of the law enforcement agencies
 Free flow of Information

People are open to information regarding

decision-making process and the implementation
of the same.
3. Transparency
Information on matters of public concern are
made available to the citizens or those who will
be direct;y affected

Transactions involving public interests must be

fully disclosed and made accessible to the public
 Currently pursuing for the passage of the
Freedom of Information Bill as well as
intensifying people’s engagement in local
governance.

Information on matters of public concern are

3. Transparency made available to the citizens or those who
will be direct;y affected

The government promotes honesty and

integrity in public service
 Serve all stakeholders in a timely and
appropriate manner.

Actors and structures of governance easily

4. Responsiveness give genuine expression to the will or
desire of the people.

The government promotes honesty and

integrity in public service
THANK YOU