Good

Day!!!!
House Rules
1. Always observe our health protocols
2. Turn off your phones. Using of phone during
class hours is strictly prohibited. Violation of this
rule is an automatic ground for phone confiscation.
3. One speaker at a time. When someone is
speaking, keep quiet and listen. If you want to say
something, raise your right hand and wait for the
teacher to recognize you.
 Philippine
Politics and
Governance
What is
Politics?
Question for Discussion:
• How did the speaker define politics?
• What are the concepts cited to explain what
politics is?
• Aside from what is stated in the video, what
are the words associated to the word
“politics”?
• From the words/terms provided, how can you
define politics?
Learning Objectives:
oArticulate definitions of politics
oDifferentiate governance from
government
oExplain the concept, relationship
and importance of politics,
governance and government
The Concepts of
Politics and
Governance
Guide Question:
How can politics affect the
government to have a good
governance?
●ACTIVITY 1
Outline of the Lesson
• Definition of Political Science
• Definition and Views about Politics
• Three Basic Concepts of Politics
• Government and its Purposes
• Concept of Governance
• Characteristics of Good Governance
What is Political
Science?
 Political Science
“polis” “scire”
city / Science:
sovereign meaning
state to know
 Political Science
Rodee (1980), defined political science
“As a branch of social science, it deals
with the theory, organization, government,
and practice of the state; It also deals with
those relations among men and groups,
which are subject to control by state, with
relations of state to other states.
 Set of activities that organizes
individuals, systematically resolves
disputes, and maintains order in
society through creation and
enforcement of rules and
government policies (Barrington
et.al, 2010)
 “Man is by nature a
Political Animal”

Aristotle
“Father of Political Science”
 Leadership
 Process of making
rules/decisions
 Enforcement and Execution
Politics as the Art of
Government
The art of government or exercise
of control in society through
making and enforcement of
collective o r group decisions
Politics as the Art of Government
 Politics as Public affairs

What happens in the public

sphere of life
Distinction between “political”
and “non political”
 Politics as public affairs
Institutions of the state (the
government offices/departments
and agencies
Institutions of civil society( private
businesses, trade unions, clubs,
community groups
Politics as compromise
and concensus
Politics is seen as particular means of
resolving conflict
Describing a solution to a problem as
“political” solution implies peaceful debate
and arbitration as opposed to what is often
called a ‘military solution
 Politics as power
What makes a specific social
activity or behavior political is
the presence of power
 It is shared by a certain group of
people
 It is for the common good of the
people
 Three Basic Concepts of
Politics
Order Justice

Power
 Order
It is central to the study of
politics because it shows
the different components of
human societies.
Structures of Order
a. Community is one kind of
social order which refer to an
association of individuals
who share a common
identity.
Structures of Order
b. Government is a higher
level of social order that exists
primarily for the maintenance
and perpetuation of the
community.
 Structures of Order
c. State is the largest social order today and in which
the term politics is originally derived. It refers to a
community of persons more or less numerous,
permanently occupying a definite portion of territory,
having a government of their own to which the great
body of inhabitants render obedience, and enjoying
freedom from external control.
 Power
It is the capacity of an individual
to influence the actions, beliefs,
or conduct of other. The different
social orders cannot be
maintained without it.
 Justice
It promotes fairness and
equity across many aspects
of society. It is said that the
correct exercise of power
produces justice
Values of Politics
• Political Knowledge
• Clarifies what you yourself believes
• Helps us to understand our nation
• Prepares us for adult life
• Promotes patriotism and
nationalism
 Is political involvement
important?
We cannot escape from the reality that politics is
present everywhere, – at home, in schools or
universities, in organizations and workplaces, in
social and political movements and without
doubt in governments. It is important to the
functioning of any society or community.
 There are two basic
approaches to study
politics: political
philosophy and political
science.
Political Philosophy
-philosophical study of
government. It focuses on the
norms and values of good and
bad.
Political Science
-refers to the study of
governments, public policies,
and political behavior.
The Government
and its Purposes
Government
• Is one of the elements of state
• Is considered as “working arm of
the state”
• It is created for the benefit of the
people
Government
According to Mendoza (1999), government
is the term generally used in referring the
formal institutions through which a group of
people is ruled or governed and the term
extends to include the people and
organizations that make, enforce, and apply
political decisions for a society.
Administration is the
management of public affairs;
government.
the maintenance of
peace and order
PURPOSES
the protection of
persons and OF
property GOVERNMENT
the administration of
justice
 the promotion of
education PURPOSES
the preservation of OF
the state from
external danger GOVERNMENT
the advancement of the
physical, economic and
social and cultural well-
being of the people
Governance according to
Tamayo (2014) is commonly
defined as the exercise of
power or authority by political
leaders for attainment of the
well-being of their country’s
citizens or inhabitants.
Good governance assures
that corruption is minimized,
the views of minority are
taken into account and that
the voices of the most
vulnerable in the society are
heard in the decision-making.
Characteristics of
Good Governance
 Accountability
It refers to answerability or
responsibility for one’s action, based
on the principle that each person or
group is responsible for their actions
most especially when their acts affect
public interest.
 Consensus-Oriented
There is a general agreement
or unanimity of views or
opinions and in facts
 Effectiveness & Efficiency
Good governance requires that the
institutions, processes, and actors
deliver and meet the needs of
society in a way that available
resources are used well.
 Participation
Good governance necessarily requires
participation of the different sectors of
society. Participation means active
involvement of all concerned and
interested sectors in the decision-
making process.
 Rule of Law
• Rule of law requires that the people
give habitual obedience to the law.
• “The power of law must be for the
benefit of the society and not only
for those who have the ability to
enforce it”.
 Responsiveness
Responsiveness means that
institutions and processes should
serve all the stakeholders in timely
and appropriate way.
 Transparency
Transparency means that people can
access information regarding decision-
making process and the implementation of
decisions. Information on matters of public
concern are made available to the citizens
or those who will be directly
affected.
 Transparency
For example, as a citizen of this country we have the rights
in everything that the government is doing, according to
Article III Section 7 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution,
the right of people to information on matters of public
concerns shall be recognized. Access to official records and
to documents and papers pertaining to official acts,
transactions and decisions, as well as to government
research data used as basis for policy development shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be
provided by law
Politics is a systematic body of
knowledge that deals with the
maintenance and development of
the state while governance is the
process of decision making if a
certain law will be implemented or
not.
• Government refers to a group of
authorized people who govern a
country or state at a given time,
while politics refer to the
process used by the government
to govern the country or state.
review
• What is Politics?
• What are the basic
concepts of politics?
• Why do we need to
study politics?
review
• What is government?
• What are the purposes
of government?
• What is governance?
review
• How does politics,
government and governance
relate to one another?
• How can politics affect the
government to have a good
governance?
Activity 1.1: Compare and
Contrast
List down below what you have
learned about Philippine Politics and
Governance. Write the similarities and
unique features of the Government
and Governance on the space
provided.
 Government Governance
1. 1.
Unique
2. 2.
Features
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
1.
Similarities
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity 1.2: Short Response
Answer the following questions briefly.
Please be guided by the rubric
provided.
Score Descriptor
5 The answer explains the topic well. It is comprehensible and
points concise. All parts of the answer are clear, accurate, and correct.
The answer is elaborated through giving correct examples that
are based on real life situations.
4 The answer explains the topic well. It is comprehensive but
points verbose (too wordy). Almost all parts of the answer are clear,
accurate, and correct.
3 The answer provides an explanation of the topic but it is not
points comprehensive. Some parts of the answer are not related to or
irrelevant with the topic.
2 The answer shows poor understanding of the topic. Almost all
points parts of the answer are either vague (not clear), inaccurate,
incorrect, or irrelevant with the topic.
1 point The answer is irrelevant.
Activity 1.2: Short Response
1.Politics cannot stand alone without
people. And there is no need to have
politics without the presence of people. As
we study the characteristics of good
governance, what does this quotation
“People’s participation is the essence of
good governance by Narendra Modi
implies
Activity 1.2: Short Response
2.What are the things that our
government should do in order for us
to have a good governance?
Activity 1.2: Short Response
3.Changes begin within ourselves. As
we discussed the basic concept of
politics, what can you infer?
Activity 1.2: Short Response
4. What does Aristotle mean by his
quotation “Man, by nature is a
political animal”? Expound the
context based on your own
understanding.
Activity 1.2: Short Response
5. Describe Philippine Politics. How
do you feel about the current
government and the governance in
the Philippines? State reasons that
support your claim.
Activity 1.2: Short Response
6. As a student, at your young age you are directly and
indirectly affected by what we called politics. By this
point you are already aware of what is happening in our
government, there are different allegations, different
controversies and issues and of course different
anomalies. As we study the basic concept of politics how
can you contribute in the development of our
government? What can you suggest in order for us to
have a peaceful politics, good governance and a kind-
hearted government?