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PHILIPPINE POLITICS

AND GOVERNANCE
1st Quarter: Module 1

Mary Ann C. Doctor

Joel L.Salivio
Rogelio D. Burce
Module Writers

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

HUMSS – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
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The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Mary Ann C. Doctor, Joel L. Salivio, Rogelio D. Burce

Editor:
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Office Address: ____________________________________________

____________________________________________
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
Name: ___________________________ Grade & Section: ____ Teacher: ______________

A. Content Standard

The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the concept of politics, political
science and governance.

B. Performance Standard

The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding on specific phenomenon in

politics and analyzed on how it should be studied.

Most Essential Learning (Week 1)

Explain the concepts, relationships and importance of politics, governance and

government.

Learning Competency

 Meaning of Politics, Governance, and Government

 Difference between Politics and Political Science

 Elements of Good Governance

Learning Objectives

At the end of this module the students will be able to;

1. Understand the meaning of Politics and Governance.

2. Differentiate Politics from Political Science.
3. Value the concepts of Good Governance

EXPECTATION

 This module is intended for learners of Grade 12 Social Science classes specifically in
your subject Philippine Politics and Governance.
 The lessons included in your module teach you the basic concepts and vital elements
of politics and governance from historical to contemporary perspective.
 It also helps you to understand the difference between Politics from Political Science
and what the elements of good governance are. In this module there are activities
that will guide you to better understand your lesson.

Are you ready and excited? Let‟s start…

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 PRE-TEST

Multiple Choice: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your correct answer on the
space provided.
1.________ A Greek philosopher that said, „man by nature is a political animal‟.
a. Aristotle b. Epicurus c. Plato d. Socrates
2.________This term comes from the Greek word „politika‟ which means affairs of the cities.
a. Economics b. Geography c. Philosophy d. Politics
3.________He wrote the “The Republic” which considered as the bible of ideal politics.
a. Democritus b. Heraclitus c. Plato d. Pythagoras
4._______Plato believes that a leader must be „wise‟, while Aristotle believes that a leader
must be;
a. Educated b. Honest c. Intelligent d. Morally Right
5._______ It is the study of state, government and politics.
a. Philosophy b. Political Science c. Psychology d. Political Affairs
6._______ It is commonly defined as the exercise of power or authority by political leaders for
the well-being of their country‟s citizens or subjects.
a. Government b. Governance c. Politics d. State
7._______Which of the following sentence does not describe the concept of politics?
a. Politics is the study of who gets what, when and how.
b. Politics is only for the public officials who have the power and elected by the people.
c. Politics differs from state to state and within a state from time to time.
d. Politics is the activities associated with the governance of a country or other area.
8._______Good governance is understood through its eight indicators or characteristic such
as Participatory, Rule of Law, Effectiveness, Transparency, Responsiveness, Equitable,
Consensus Oriented and;
a. Accountability b. Honesty c. Integrity d. Will Power
9. It is the governing body of a nation, state, or community.
a. Administration b. Government c. Judiciary d. Legislative
10._____ He is often called the "grand old man of Philippine politics", due to his reputation
as one of the Philippine's foremost nationalists.
a. Andres Bonifacio b. Jose Rizal c. Lorenzo Tañada d. Manuel l. Quezo

LOOKING BACK

Who Am I? Identify whose Philosopher is referring in each statement. Choose your

answer on the boxes below and write it on the space provided.
1. ____________ I am a Mathematician as well as a Scientist. I formulated the Pythagorean
theorem.
2. ____________ I proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan. I
called it Logos.
3. ____________ I devoted myself to study the causes of natural phenomena. I was among
who first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
4. ____________ I considered myself as „midwife‟ who helped the inquiring minds to achieve
their wisdom. I am the Father of Western Philosophy.

5. ____________ I formulated the Theory of Forms, which proposes that everything that exists
is based on idea or templates that can only perceived by the mind.

Socrates Plato Pythagoras Democritus Heraclitus

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 INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON
Empower Yourself- Lesson 1- Concepts and Meaning of Politics

Have you ever heard the word politics? If that so, how would you relate it to government or
governance? Are these term related to Political Science? Is there any relationship between
those words? Or most of the time you consider those term as one?

1. The word “politics” comes from the Greek word “polis” which means “city-state.” In the
ancient world, city-states are small countries regarded as centers of culture and civilization
where people interact under a unified government. What transpires in
the polis is „politics’. The origin of the word therefore suggests that politics is a term
encompassing the totality of human activities transpiring within the city-state. In the
modern world, it denotes everything that transpires in the state as well as among states.
Politics denotes a social activity. It is in essence the interaction of individuals. As the Greek
philosopher Aristotle explains, „it is the master science through which individuals
collectively set structure, purpose, and ideals in their lives. Politics, therefore, does not
emerge from the activities of a single individual but from that of many. Aristotle also
connotes that „man by nature is political animal‟ because humans understand that what is
lawful and unlawful and what is right and wrong. On the other hand, Plato his predecessor
emphasized three important virtues: mind, heart, and stomach which he associated it to
“leaders, soldiers and workers”.

What is it

Book of Plato‟s, “The Republic” considered as the bible of ideal politics. Aristotle‟s
work is known as “The Politics” stating that a “state must survive in moderation”. Aristotle
also believed that a leader must be „moral‟ while Plato leader should be „wise‟.
Politics also deals with the protection of the rights of its citizens, safeguarding and
enhancement of morals, and harmony and peace of human relations. It is also called the
science of government. As a science, it is a systematic body of knowledge (for the most part,
practical) that deals with the government and regulation, maintenance and development,
and defense and augmentation of the state.
Politics also the study of “who gets what, when and how” as Harold Laswell states. It is also
concerned with determination, by official governmental decision making and action of:
a. Who in political society receives what benefits, rewards, and advantages and how much
of them they receive,
b. When they receive the benefits, rewards and advantages, and
c. the methods by which they receive them (What)
example: the social amelioration program of the government through DSWD.

https://www.google.com/search?q=social+amelioration+program&oq=social&aqs

Characteristics of Politics (Shievely, 2013)

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1.Politics always involves the making of collective decisions for group of people;
2. Those decisions are made by some members of the group excersing power over other
members of the group.
Example: The House of Representative who has the Speaker of the House and House of
Senate who has a Senate President.

(https://www.google.com/search?q=house+of+representatives+philippines&safe=active&rlz=1C1RLNS

APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF POLITICS

Political Philosophy Political Science

- is the traditional approach
- primary goal is to understand the
essence or truth about politics
- aims to establish what politics ought
to be
- it is normative or prescriptive,
analytical, speculative, and essentially
ethical
- Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are
among the proponents of this
approach
Take Note:
It is because normative or prescriptive
it prescribes standards or rules of
conduct; it establishes what “ought to
be”.
https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com/2014/08/21/introduction-to-politics-2/
- is the empirical approach
- it places little emphasis on abstract
and normative questions, and
concentrates on a dispassionate and
objective description of the realities of
politics
- it is descriptive, empirical,
objective, and it avoids ethics
Take Note:
Empirical because it studies only
observable facts, and not abstract
values and concepts, objective because
it adheres strictly to the methods of
the natural sciences and observable
(quantifiable) facts that can be
measured through the scientific
method.

THINK OF IT!
Political science is a branch of social science that is concerned with theory, description,
analysis and prediction of political behavior, political systems and politics. It entails
understanding political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, processes, and behavior, as
well as groups, classes, government, diplomacy, law, strategy, and war, therefore it is the
study of state, government and politics.
.

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Pol.Gov. Qr.1.Wk1
 While Political philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that is concerned, at the most
abstract level, with the concepts and arguments involved in political opinion.
( https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com)

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POLITICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE

a. Traditionally, Political Science studied about states and government while

Politics stands for current problems and issues being faced by the government.
b. Politics means issues, problems and political activities while the Political Sceince
is a social science that deals with the studies of state and government.
c. Politics also concerned with a day to day acitivities of the government while
Political Science seeks to study the origin, nature, and the function of the state,
government and all its organ.
d. Politics differs from state to state and within a state from time to time while the
principle of Political Science is universal.
e. In modern modern there‟s no difference between Politics and Political Science.
(https://www.slideshare.net/juvriel/political-science-and-politics)

Empower Yourself : LESSON 2- Meaning of Governance

The word “governance” came from the Latin verb “ gubernare,” or more originally
from the Greek word “ kubernaein,” which means “ to steer.” Basing on its
etymology, governance refers to the manner of steering or governing, or of directing
and controlling, a group of people or a state.
Governance deals with power in government and how this institution exerts power
for the benefit of the society. (Roskin et al.2007) It comprises all of the processes
of governing – whether undertaken by the government of a state, by a market or by
a network – over a social system (family, tribe, formal or informal organization, a
territory or across territories) and whether through the laws, norms, power or
language of an organized society.
Governance also commonly defined as the exercise of power or authority by
political leaders for the well-being of their country‟s citizens or subjects, while the
government is the system or group of people governing an organized community,
often a state, but also other entities like for example companies, especially in the
case of colonial companies.
How can we say that a government has a good governance?

There are eight indicators or characteristics of good governance;

1. Participation- It is the active involvement of all affected and interested parties in

the decision making process. It should be a gender free biased where men and
women should have an equal role in decision making.
2. Rule of Law- It is essential in a Democratic country. Through the law people
express their will and exercise sovereignty. The government should protect the
human rights of their citizens specially the minorities
3. Effectiveness and Efficiency - It means that the processes and institutions
produce results that meet the needs of society while making the best use of
resources at their disposal.
4. Transparency- It means that people are open to information regarding decision-
making process and the implementation of the same. The information on matters
on public concern is made available to the citizens or those who will be directly
affected.
5. Responsiveness- Means that institutions and processes serve all stakeholders
in a timely and appropriate manner. It requires the institutions to serve all their
stakeholders within a reasonable time frame.

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 6. Equity and Inclusiveness- Means that all the members of the society, especially the most
vulnerable ones or the grassroots level must be taken into consideration in policy making. No
one in the society should feel alienated.
7. Consensus-Oriented- When the decisions are made after taking into consideration the
different viewpoints of the actors of the society. It also requires a broad and long-perspective
on what is needed for sustainable human development and how to achieved such
development.
8. Accountability- Means answerability or responsibility for one‟s action. Also refers to the
accountability of public officials to the people they represent. It also a crucial requirement for
good governance.
(Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. Atty. MICHAEL JHON M. TAMAYAO mjmtamayao@yahoo.com.)

What’s More

Activity 1- Let’s Fonder! ANONG SAY MO! Political or Not. Analyze the following
headlines if its describe politics or not. Check the box that corresponds if its political and
cross out if not political. Answer the guide questions below.
KIM CHIU, “SA CLASSROOM BAWAL LUMABAS”, GETS VIRAL.
MARIANE RIVERA HAS A NEW TELENOVELA IN GMA 7.
DJ LOONYO BECOMES VIRAL BECAUSE OF HIS TIKTOK DANCE.
DEPED POSTPONED FACE TO FACE CLASSES DUE TO COVID.
RAMPANT FAKE ACCOUNT IN FACEBOOK, A CRIMINAL CASE SAY DOJ.
Guide Questions:

1. Which of the following headlines do you think depicts politics? Why?

____________________________________________________________________________
2. Which is not depicts politics? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. What issue raised in the headlines? Is it important to solve the problem?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Whom do you think is responsible to solve the issue? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________

What I have learned.

Activity 2- BLOG ME! Interpret the memes and choose one from it to make
your own blog. Use at least 6-7 sentences to your blog.

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 2 3

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

What Can I Do
Definition of Terms. Provide simple definitions of the following terms.
1.Politics_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Governance____________________________________________________________________________
3. Government___________________________________________________________________________
4. Political Science_______________________________________________________________________
5. Political Philosophy___________________________________________________________________
6. Good Governance_____________________________________________________________________
7. Transparency_________________________________________________________________________
8.Rule of Law____________________________________________________________________________
9. Accountability_________________________________________________________________________
10. Responsiveness______________________________________________________________________

POST TEST
A. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is FALSE.

1.______ Politics is the study of “who gets what, when and how.

2.______ The legislative branch is the example of the collective body that have the power

in decision making.

3.______Power is not the central concept in politics.

4.______Only government officials have the rights to study politics.

5.______Politics involves money.

6.______ the word “governance” came from the Latin verb “gubernare,” , originally from the

Greek word “kubernaein,” which means “to steer”

7._________Governance and politics are inseparable.

8._________ Politics always involves the making of collective decisions for group of people.

9._______ Governance comprises all of the processes of governing including family, church,

school or tribe.

10._____ Political science is a branch of social science that is concerned with theory,

description, analysis and prediction of political behavior, political systems and politics.

B. Fill in the blanks. Identify the following.

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1._____________He said that the leader must be wise.

2._____________He was the Father of Modern Politics.

3._____________He considers as the Grand Old Man of Philippine Politics.

4.____________ It means that people are open to information regarding decision-making

process and the implementation of the same.

5.____________ It is a social science that deals with the studies of state and government.

ENRICHMENT
Answer the following questions;
1. If you were a student leader, how will you evaluate the decision given by the IATF to
address the challenges brought by COVID -19 based on 8 indicators of good governance?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think that politics is part of our daily life? Why?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Referrences:

Pawilen, Reidan M, Philippine Politics and Governance,Rex Book Store, 2018

Tabajen, Dr.Rheane C et.al, Philippine Politics and Governance, JFS Publishing Services, 2016

Valenzuela, Edwin E, Module in Philippine Politics and Governance,GBT Trading, 2017

Mihttps://www.google.com/search?q=rubrics+venn+diagram&rlz=1C1RLNS_enPH904PH904&hl=en-
US&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRvdjS7eTpAhWuF6YKHah

https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com/2014/08/21/introduction-to-politics-2
https://www.google.com/search?q=+simple+rubric+for+political+cartoon&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiMpZi6lPpAhVaJaYKHQ_EB6kQ2-

cCegQIABAA&oq=+simple+rubric+for political cartoon

https://www.slideshare.net/juvriel/political-science-and-politics)

https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com/2014/08/21/introduction-to-politics-2/

https://www.google.com/search?q=graphic+organizer+template&oq=graphic+organizer&aqs=chrome..69i59l2j0l6.8119j0j7&so
urceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

(Mihttps://www.google.com/search?q=rubrics+venn+diagram&rlz=1C1RLNS)

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