1. What is fullform of EDTA ?

Ans. Ethylene diammine tetraacetic acid.

2. What is structure of EDTA ?

Ans. C10H16N2O8

3. How many dented legand in EDTA ?

Ans. 6 dented ligands in EDTA

4. Why we use disodium salt of EDTA ?

Ans. EDTA is tetrabasic acid. It is essentially insoluble in water the solulity increase as you add NaOH and convert
the acid groups to their salt is soluble at room tempreture up to a concentration of 0.26 mol/L

5. To prepare solution of EDTA ?

Ans. Calculate the molarity of your calcium solution. Weiht out approximately 2 g of reagent grade disodium
EDTA into a 250 ml beaker add 0.05 g magnesium chloride hexahydrate, three pallets of NaOH and add about
200 ml of distilled water to dissolve. The EDTA will dissolve slowly over a period of half an hour.

6. How will you prepare 0.2 N EDTA solution of 250 ml EDTA ?

Ans. By dissolving 9.3069 gm of EDTA disodium salt in 250 ml of distilled water.

7. Give chemical reaction between complex ion of EDTA and mertal ion M+2 + H2Y-2 

Ans. Cu+2 + EDTA  CuEDTA

Ca+2 + EDTA  CaEDTA

Cd+2 + EDTA  CdEDTA.

8. What is pilot reading ?

Ans. The pilot reading means it is the first reading that you take while conducting experiment

e.g. If you are measuring normality or molarity of any chemical and pilot reading turn out to be say 11.7 that
mean your reading will be lies between 11 & 12.

9. What is constant reading ?

Ans. It is a mean of readings which was taken with recpect to the pilot reading.

10. What is reaction between pilot reading and constant reading ?

Ans. Pilot reading it was first reading taken out and constant reading is a mean of other three reading which
were taken after pilot reading.

11. Which indicator you have use in copper EDTA titration ?

Ans. Eriochrome Black-T

12. Which indicator you have use in Ni EDTA titration ?

Ans. Muroxide

13. Identify all apparatus which you are practically use in laboratory ?

Ans. Conical flask, standard measuring flask, burette, pipette, stand, holopipe, glass rod, holder, pair of toung,
beaker, dustbin, flow pipe test tube,

14. What different soln tapwater and distilld water ?

Ans. Distilled water is the purest form of water because it is typically has the lowest levels of contaminants and
minral

15. Which indicator you have use zinc EDTA titration ?

Ans. Eriochrome Black-T

16. Define volumetric analysis.

Ans. Volumetric analysis, any method of qualitative chemical analysisin which the amount of a substance is
determind by measuring the volume that it occupies or in broder uses, the volume of a second substance that
combines with the first is known proportions, more correctly called titrimetric analysis.

17. What is buffer solution ?

Ans. A solution whose pH is not altered any great extent by the addition of small quantities of either sirong
acid(H+ ions) or a (OH-)ions is called the buffer solution.

18. Define acidic and basic buffer with proper example.

Ans.

a) Acidic buffer solution :- It is the solution of a mixture of a weak acid with a strong base. Exampal-
CH3COOH+CH3COONa
b) Basic buffer solution :- It is the solution of a mixture of a weak base and a salts of this weak base with a
strong acid. Exampal- NaOH+NH4Cl
19. What is vinegar ?

Ans. Vinegar is liquid consisting off about 5-20% acetic acid, water and other trace chemicals which may include

20. What is IUPAC name of vinegar ?

Ans. Ethanoic acid

21. Metal EDTA titration are type of volumetric titration.

Ans. Complexomatric

22. 𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑟 → 𝑁𝐴𝑂𝐻 titration is type volumetric analysis.

Ans. Acid, base

23. Define molarity, normality and mol fraction.

Ans. Molarity(M):

Molarity(M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Molarity is the measurement of the moles in the total volume of the solution, where as molarity is a
measurement of the moles in relationship to the mass of the solution.

Normality(N) :

Normality is defined as the number of mole equivalents per liter of solution.

Normality=number of moles eqivalent/1 L of solution

Normality is specifically used for acids and bases.

Mol Fraction:

Mol Fraction is a unit of concentration, defined to be equal to the number of moles of a component divided by
the total number of moles of solution. Because it is a ratio, mole fraction is a unit less expression. The mol
fraction of all components of a solution when added together will equal 1.

24. How will you prepare 0.1 N NAOH soln of 250 ml.

Ans. To prepare an standard solution in terms of normality there is a simple formula to calculate weight which is
to be dissolved in the given volume.

The formula of weight of substance in grams=Normality × Equivalent weight of the substance × given volume in
liter

W = NFV

Thus, the calculated weight then weighted and properly dissolved in the given volume.To prepare 0.1 × 40 × 1 =
4.0 grame NaOH is to be dissolved in 1 liter distilled water.

By this way 0.1 N solution of NaOH can be prepared.

25. Give 3 example of antacid.

Sodiim bicarbonate -- NaHCO3
Calcium bicarbonate -- CaHCO3
Aluminium hydroxide -- Al(OH)3
Magnesium hydroxide -- Mg(OH)2
26. Which colaration gives phinolphthailein in acidic and basic medium.

Ans. It turns colorless in acidic solution and pink in basic solution.

27. 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 → 𝐻𝐶𝐿 is which type of volumetric titration.

Ans.

28. What is hardness of water?

Ans. Water Hardness The amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water. The simple definition of
water hardness is the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water. Hard water is high in dissolved
minerals, both calcium and magnesium.

29. What is the reason of hardness of water.

Ans. Hard water contains dissolved magnesium and calcium ions. These make it more difficult for the water to
form a lather with soap. Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate (which is
removed by boiling). Permanent hardness is caused by dissolved calcium sulfate (which is not removed by
boiling).

30. What is fullform of ppm.

Ans. Parts Per Million

31. Hardness of water is determind in equivalent of gm/lit.

Ans.