Appendix-‘AE’

Concept of Class-9 Equivalent

BRO is constructing roads in diverse terrains. The efforts involved in

construction of roads in different areas depend on terrain and existing condition
of the roads. In order to quantity the efforts in physical terms, the concept of
class’9’ Eqvt Formation Cutting and Surfacing has been evolved. To convert the
linear quantities/efforts into Eqvt lengths, following formulae are used: -(Technical
Instruction No 18).

(A) Formation cutting

(a) New Construction or upgradation of entire road:-

(i) Hill Road: Square formula

E = (W1)2 –(W2)2
5.952
(ii) Road in Plains: Linear Formula

E = W1-W2
7.5
(b) Airfields, canals and isolated roads (less than
1 Km length) on embankment: quantitative formula

Total Linear Content = Q (Q in Cum)

21,650

(c) Hill/Mountainous roads where only improvement

of curves is required

E = Q (Q in Cum, L in Km)
21,659 L

Notations & Definitions:-

E = Equivalency factor per Km

W1 = Proposed or final average width of the road
W2 = Average existing width of the road. This should be
supported with proper records/sanctions. In case of
roads taken over from other agencies, road width as
per the handing/taking over documents should be
taken. For a fresh formation, it will be Zero.
Q = Total quantity of earth work for formation cutting in the
particular AE/APE for the entire work.
L = Length of the road considered in the AE/APE.
 : 2:

(d) Classification of roads among Hill/Mountainous and

plain roads:-

(i) As per clarifications given in Para 6.22 IRC 73-1980,

NH specifications

(ii) Rolling terrain will be taken s hill/mountainous road

(iii) Terrain classification will be approved personally by
CE, in case of doubt.

(iv) On a hill/mountainous road, change in terrain into

plain country for short lengths, say upto 5 KMs in a stretch,
will taken as hill road only.

(B) Class ‘9’ Equivalent pavement, surfacing and resurfacing

Equivalency factor will be based on existing standard Cl-9

pavement width i.e., 3.75 M (for fresh cutting) and (3.66 M for existing
roads). The equivalency factor for various layers will be as under:-

(a) GSB Upto 15 cm (Compacted) : 25%

(b) WBM/WMM two layers of 7.5 cm each, : 50%
Total upto 15 cm (Compacted)
Or
BM/BUSG 5 to 7.5 cm
(c) Premix, SDC MSS upto 2.5cm : 25%
(d) AC, DC-4 CM : 25%

In case the number or thickness of layers or their width is changed,

the equivalency factor will change proportionately. For each additional
layer of 7.5 cm thickness of Base Course beyond 2 layers mentioned in
Para 6.1 (b) above, the equivalency factor will be 25% (0.25).

(a) For existing Class-9 roads in hills/plains having carriageway

width of 3.66 meters, the equivalency factor will be 4026 Sqm per
eqv. Cl-9 Km.

(b) For Cl-9 (N) roads in hills/plains having carriageway width of

3.75 Mtrs and for airfields, the equivalency factor will be 4125
Sqm per Eqv.Cl-9 Km.