swers

Levels I, II, and III

Magnetic Pa•'ticle Method
Supplement to
SNT-TC-lA
BookB

The American Society

for Non d eetructive Testin.C. Inc.
J Level II Questions
Magnetic Particle Testing Method

1. The interpretation of magnetic particle indications 6. Why are large soft contact areas such as lead or
may be aided by: copper braid used for surfaces or headstocks?

a. observing with a magnifying glass a. to increase the contact area and reduce the
b. observing the indications as they are formed possibility of burning the part
c. reproducing the indication residually b. because of their low melting points
d. all of the above c. because they help heat metal, thus facilitating ~-··
A.397 magnetic induction
d. to increase the contact area and flux density
2. Residual magnetism may be beneficial as an aid: B.30.9

a. in the deposition of weld metal 7. A rough forging that has received no further
b. in interpretation and evaluation of indications processing is magnetic particle tested. An indication
c. in demagnetization is observed to run in every direction. It appears to
d. all of the above extend deeply into the part and run perpendicular to
A.397 the surface. It is very sharp. What is the probable
identity of the indication?
3. An interruption in the normal physical structure or
configuration of a part which produces an MT a. forging burst
indication is called: b. lap
c. flake
a. a discontinuity d. seam
b. a defect A.85
c. an indication
d. a deformation 8. A gear with case-hardened ground teeth and hub ends
A.126 is MT tested. Individual indications are detected on
five of the teeth and on the one end surface of the hub.
4. Comparing parts that have been circularly magnetized Although the indications are very sharp and distinct,
and those that have been longitudinally magnetized, they do not break over the edges of the part. What is
which retains the most objectionable residual field if the probable identity of the indication?
not demagnetized?
a. grinding cracks
a. longitudinal b. inclusions
b. circular c. porosity
c. vectored d. quench cracks
d. remnant A.90
B.30.21
9. If an overall pattern (sometimes circular lines) appears
5. What type of magnetization uses the formula: on the test surfaces, how should the inspector
Ampere-turns = 45 •000 ? reprocess the test piece?
LD
a. circular a. retest at a higher amperage
b. longitudinal b. demagnetize
c. parallel c. retest at lower amperage
d. vectored d. both a and b
B.30.13 A.208

17
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II
16. Which of the following depicts the wave form of
10. A prime consideration when selecting a powder to be three-phase full-wave rectified AC?
used as a magnetic particle medium is to select a A.l21-123
powder that:

a. provides a high contrast to the surface being tested a. +

l
b. provides a low contrast to the surface being tested
c. will adhere to the surface being tested Mean DC
d. requires a high demagnetization current to remove it ....~ ~..:...v.: ;9..;..;~--r.v...,.T~--
ly,<~,,,,.,/\(1 Volts
A.22 QJ I 1\1 \\ \1\1\1 1/\1
l-1
l-1 Time
11. When testing for fine shallow surface cracks, the u= 1 cycle
preferred MT method should be:

a. dry AC
b. dry DC
c. wetAC
~~ d. wetDC
A.235 b. +

12. Which of the following is an advantage of the dry

method over the wet method? - ~
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l-1
l-1
I
Time
a. it is more sensitive to fine surface cracks
b. it is more capable of providing full surface coverage u= ' ~'
I
' ~'
I

on irregularly shaped parts

c. it is easier to use for field inspection with portable
equipment
d. it is faster than the wet method when testing a
number of small parts
A.235 c. +
l
13. When testing a bar with an UD ratio of four in a
ten-turn coil, the required current would be:

a. 1 125 amperes
-~
QJ
l-1
l-1
Time
b. 18 000 amperes u=
c. 45 000 amperes
d. unknown; more information is needed
B.30.14

14. Internal splines and holes drilled parallel to or near test

surfaces will cause:
d. +
a. broad, fuzzy indications directly aligned with the
part's internal contours
b. sharp, well-defined indications directly aligned with
....~
QJ
the part's internal contours l-1
l-1
Time
u=
c. no indications
d. both a and b
A.384

15. Some limitations of coil magnetization techniques are:

a. that the coil must be of minimum diameter in
relation to part
b. that the effective field is generally limited on either
side of the coil .,r-
c. that small diameter parts should be placed close to
the coil
d. all of the above
L
A.l45-146

18
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II
17. Which of the following casting defects is caused by 23. External poles, which are too strong to permit good
nonuniform cooling resulting in stresses which rupture inspection of a part, are more likely to result when
the surface of the metal?
J a. shrink
using:

a. circular magnetization
b. hot tears b. longitudinal magnetization

•
c. porosity c. polarized magnetization
d. dross d. residual magnetization

~
A.88 A.382
18. The term used to refer to the total opposition to flow 24. A rough forging discontinuity has the following
of current represented by the combined effect of characteristics: it can occur on the surface or
resistance, inductance, and capacitance of a circuit is: internally; it is associated with processing at too low a
temperature; it is often caused by excessive working;
a. inductive reactance and it creates straight or irregular cavities varying in
b. impedance size. This discontinuity would be identified or
c. reluctance classified as:
d. decay
A.l22 a. a burst
b. shrinkage
19. A coil shot is required to be performed after a head c. a pipe
shot using the wet continuous method. In order to d. a lamination
properly conduct the coil shot, it is necessary to:
C.7-8
a. remove all residual wet magnetic particle fluid 25. Discontinuities in plate, sheet, or strip caused by pipe,
from the part using clean, dry absorbent rags inclusions, or blowholes in the original ingot which,
b. demagnetize the part between the head and first after rolling, are usually flat and parallel to the outside
coil shot surface are called:
c. place the part in the coil and continue the
inspection after evaluating the head shot indications a. seams

..1 d. none of the above

A.308
b.
c.
d.
laminations
cracks
laps
20. When adding concentrate to any wet magnetic particle
A.82; B.32. 7
suspension liquid, it is common practice to:
26. Forging laps occur in what relation to the axial
a. add powder directly to the suspension liquid direction of a part?
b. make a small, slurry-like test mixture of the powder

~
c. do both of the above a. may occur anywhere on surface and may bear no
d. do neither of the above relation to axial direction of the part
A.263-264 b. always are found on thermal centerline
c. are found on surface of part at a 90° angle to long
21. A desirable property of magnetic particles used for the axis
inspection medium for either the dry or wet method is d. may occur anywhere in the part and always run in
that they: direction of working
a. are nontoxic A.86
b. possess high permeability 27. The accumulation of particles at a site on the part
c. possess low retentivity surface, collected at and held to the site by the
d. have all of the above characteristics magnetic leakage field, is called:
A.209-228
a. a discontinuity
22. Which of the following can cause nonrelevant b. a defect
magnetic particle indications? c. an indication
d. magnetic writing
a. joints between dissimilar metals
b. brazed joints A.l26
c. roughing tool cuts on surface

J d. all of the above

A.390-391

19
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II

28. Where particles are attracted to a site on the surface of 34. Which of the following is a defect commonly
a part by a magnetic leakage field that is due to a associated with the welding process?
condition such as a crack, lap, or other condition not

'I'
I!
acceptable to the applicable standards for the part,
then we have:
a.
b.
lack of penetration
flakes l
c. seams
a. a discontinuity d. laminations
b. a defect A.440-442
c. a nonrelevant indication
d. all of the above 35. Which of these cracks may appear as an irregular,
A.126 checked, or scattered pattern of fine lines usually
caused by local overheating?
29. Half-wave rectified AC (HWDC) is used for detection
of: a. fatigue cracks
b. grinding cracks
a. surface defects only c. crater cracks
b. subsurface defects only d. HAZ cracks
c. surface and subsurface defects C.7-15, 7-16
d. none of the above
A.l54 36. Of the following discontinuity categories, which one
is considered most detrimental to the service life of an
30. Which of the following techniques for removing a thin item?
film of oil or grease prior to magnetic particle testing
is not acceptable: a. subsurface inclusions
b. subsurface porosity and voids
a. washing with a solvent c. cracks open to the surface
b. degreasing using a vapor degreasing method d. all of the above
c. dusting the surface with chalk or talc then wipe A.369-370
with dry clean cloth
d. brushing the surface with power wire brush 37. If a copper conductor is placed through a ferrous
A.246 cy Iinder and a current is passed through the

31. Which of the following is a commonly used technique

conductor, then the magnetic field (flux density) in the
cylinder will be:
l
for preserving MT powder patterns?
a. the same intensity and pattern as in the conductor
a. clear lacquer b. greater than in the conductor
b. transparent tape c. less than in the conductor
c. photography d. the same regardless of its proximity to the cylinder
d. all of the above wall
A.407-412 A.192

32. All of the following discontinuities are commonly 38. The length of a part being magnetized by passing an
found in rolled products except: electric current from one end to the other:

a. seams a. affects the permeability of the part

b. laminations b. changes the strength of the magnetic field
c. cold shuts c. does not affect the strength of the magnetic field
d. cracks d. causes the magnetic field to vary
A.S0-83 A.186

33. All of the following discontinuities are commonly 39. If25 mm (1 in.) and 51 mm (2 in.) diameter bars are
found in forged products except: magnetized by passing the same current through them,
the magnetic fields would be:
a. laps
b. shrinkage a. the same for both
c. bursts b. stronger in the 51 mm (2 in.) diameter bar
d. flakes c. weaker in the 25 mm (1 in.) diameter bar
A.82-87 d. stronger in the 25 mm (1 in.) diameter bar
A.186
L
20
I.J
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II

40. If a current of the same amperage is passed through 46. To alleviate the problem of cold working indications
two conductors of the same dimensions, one of which in a part, the part should be:
is magnetic and one of which is nonmagnetic, the
magnetic field surrounding the conductors will: a. demagnetized then retested
b. retested after stress relieving
a. be stronger for the magnetic conductor c. retested in the opposite direction
b. be stronger for the nonmagnetic conductor d. remagnetized at a higher amperage
c. vary with the permeability A.387-389
d. be the same for both conductors
A.147 47. The unit of measure of one line of flux per square
centimeter of area is one:
41. The most effective MT method for inspection of a
large casting is the use of: a. oersted
b. ohm
a. multidirectional magnetization c. gauss
b. a central conductor d. ampere
c. prod inspection in two directions A.ll5
d. direct magnetization
A.450 48. The ability of matter to attract other matter to itself is
a phenomenon associated with:
42. The most common failure mechanism associated with
sharp fillets, notches, undercuts, and seams is: a. field strength
b. magnetism
a. fatigue cracking c. coercive force
b. crystallization d. pole strength
c. shrinkage A.114
d. decarburization
A.l03, 481-489 49. Materials which are strongly attracted to a magnet are
called:
43. When it is believed that a defect has been removed by
chipping, grinding, or flame cutting, the next a. magnetized
operation is to: b. nonmagnetic
c. ferromagnetic
a. repair it d. polarized
b. measure it to see if minimum thickness remains A.ll5
c. reexamine the area by magnetic particle testing
d. sign off the part 50. Materials which are weakly attracted magnetically are
A.400-401 called:

44. When the most complete demagnetization available is a. paramagnetic

desired and demagnetization is to be accomplished by b. diamagnetic
placing the part in a coil energized with AC of c. ferromagnetic
progressively decreasing amperage, the following d. nonmagnetic
orientation of the long axis of the part is most A.ll9
desirable:
51. Materials which are repelled magnetically are called:
a. East-West
b. North-South a. paramagnetic
c. South-West b. diamagnetic
d. North-East c. ferromagnetic
A.314, 324; B.30-25 d. nonmagnetic
A.ll9
45. Nonrelevant indications due to residual local poles
interfere with magnetic particle testing. For a 52. The end of a magnet at which the lines of flux are
successful examination, one should: thought of as entering the bar is:

a. use more amperage a. the north pole

b. demagnetize then remagnetize in the desired b. the south pole

•..J direction
c. use lower amperage
d. magnetize in another direction
c.
d.
both north and south poles
none of the above
A.133
A.387

21
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II

53. A general rule to use for determining the detectability 59. A magnetic discontinuity, which is a break in the
of surface discontinuities by magnetic particle magnetic uniformity of a part, is related to a sudden
inspection is that: change in:

a. the depth and width have no bearing to each other a. inductance •

b. the depth should be at least five times the width of b. resistivity
the opening of the defect at the surface c. capacitance
c. the depth should be at a one-to-one ratio to the d. permeability
A.127
width
d. none of the above
A.371 60. In order to detect defects in different directions in a
material by magnetic particle inspection, it is best to
54. The general term used to refer to a break in the use:
metallic continuity of the part being tested is:
il a. two or more fields in different directions
a. discontinuity b. only one field
c. other probe locations
b. crack
d. a high frequency field
c. seam A.127
d. lap
A.126
61. The parts are blanks cut from rolled iron bar stock.
They have been rough machined. Inspection by the
55. The pattern of iron powder sprinkled on a paper continuous method, using a circular shot, reveals well-
placed over a bar magnet is called a:
defined but broken lines running parallel with the axis
on some of the pieces and no indications on others.
a. field survey The broken lines range in length from 6 to 25 mm
b. magnetometer
(0.25 to 1 in.). These indications are indicative of:
c. magnetograph
d. fluxmeter
A.l19, 169 a. shrinkage
b. machining tears
c. surface checking
56. The lines of force that form a path around a crack in a d. nonmetallic inclusions
ring magnet are called: A.77
a. magnetic lines
b. leakage flux 62. A large forging is repaired by welding. Magnetic
particle inspection of the repair weld reveals an
c. field strength
irregular indication running parallel with the weld
d. longitudinal field
B.30.3 passes. It is located in the center of the bead and
starts and ends by turning off slightly from the axial
direction. This indication is indicative of:
57. Since the magnetic lines of force within a bar magnet
run the length of the bar, it is said to be:
a. inclusions
a. randomly magnetized . b. crater cracks
b. permanently magnetized c. weld shrinkage cracks
c. circularly magnetized d. surface checking
A.441
d. longitudinally magnetized
B.30.3
63. What wattage is most commonly used for mercury
vapor bulbs for portable fluorescent magnetic particle
58. Lines of flux are thought to leave a magnet at:
inspection?
a. the north pole
b. the south pole a. 200W
c. both north and south poles b. sow
d. none of the above c. lOOW
A.133 d. 75W
A.297

tl

22

IIi... ..
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II
64. An example of a nonrelevant indication classified as a 66. In magnetic particle inspection, it is best to:
magnetic irregularity rather than an actual
discontinuity could be caused by: a. reinspect all questionable discontinuities to assure
J a. a slag pocket
that no defective parts are accepted
b. make sure that parts meet specified acceptance
b. grinding cracks criteria
c. an abrupt change in the hardness of part c. make certain that parts are better than specified and
d. none of the above contain no discontinuities at all
A.73, 391 d. reinspect questionable parts utilizing another NDT
method
65. The detection of deep-lying defects in heavy A.416
weldments (6 to 51 mm [0.25 to 2 in.] below surface)
is:

a. very similar to the detection of surface cracks

b. not difficult if the defect is attributable to fine
porosity
c. simple if the defect's width can be approximated
d. very improbable
A.375

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•J

I 23
, Level II Answers
Magnetic Particle Testing Method

1. d 18. b 35. b 52. b

2. b 19. c 36. c 53. b
3. a 20. c 37. b 54. a
4. a 21. d 38. c 55. c
5. b 22. d 39. d 56. b
6. a 23. b 40. d 57. d
7. a 24. a 41. a 58. a
8. a 25. b 42. a 59. d
9. c 26. a 43. c 60. a
10. a 27. c 44. a 61. d
11. c 28. b 45. b 62. c
12. c 29. c 46. b 63. c
13. d 30. d 47. c 64. c
14. a 31. d 48. b 65. d
J 15.
16.
d
a
32.
33.
c
b
49.
50.
c
a
66. b ;·,
'

17. b 34. a 51. b

. I;

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25