Unit 1: Electrostatic forces and the structure of matter

Terms English meaning Vietnamese

meaning
Ion An atom, group of atoms or a molecule that lacks its full
number of electrons (positive) or has too many
electrons(negative)
Cation Positive ion
Anion Negative ion
electron
proton A positive charge
neutron No resultant electric charge
Atom The basic unit of matter and the smallest amount of a Nguyên tử
chemical element
molecule -Is the smallest particle of any substance which still has Phân tử
original chemical properties of the substance
-A molecule consists of a or more atoms
Nucleus The centre of an atom – a heavy core Hạt nhân
Cyclotron An accelerator (an apparatus that makes the particles Chất xúc tác
accelerate – go faster and faster ) that gives energies of
several million electron- volts to atomic-sized particles
Charged body Something that has an electric charge Phần mang điện
Matter That of which all things are made Vật chất
Apparatus A piece of equipment Dụng cụ
Electrostatic Each with an electric charge, attract each other when the Lực tĩnh điện
forces = Static two charges are of opposite sign, and repel each other
electricity when the charges are of the same sign.
Ionization The process by which atoms either gain or lose electrons Năng lượng ion hóa
(energy)
Ionic valence The charge of an ion Hóa trị
force The force of attraction between ions of opposite charge
Monatomic Contain one atom each.
Ex: helium , neon or argon
diatomic Consist of two atoms each.
Ex: hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
The Halogen Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine
element
Coulomb’s law The force acting between two charged bodies in air is
proportional to the product of the charges, and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them
 Unit 2: Electric current – Electromotive force- potential
difference- conductors and insulators- ohm’s law
Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
Conductor St that allows electricity to pass along Chất dẫn điện
( all metals and alloys, carbon and or through it
graphite)
Insulator St that doesn’t let electric current Chất cách điện
(rubber, plastic, dry air, oil, glass, flow easily
paper, cotton, and ebonite)
Electric current -Flow of electrons in a conductor Dòng điện
-The average amount of negative
electric charges flowing in a
conductor in a unit of time

Electromotive force Ability of batteries and generator to Suất điện động

make electric current flow
Terminal Connection into an electric circuit Thiết bị đầu cuối
Battery St that changes chemical energy into Pin
electric energy
Drive Force (batteries and generators force Bộ truyền động
their free electrons to move
continuously from one terminal to
the other
Alloy A mixture of two or more metals Hợp kim
Deficiency Lack, not enough (opposite of excess) Sự thiếu
Resistance Điện trở
resistivity Điện trở suất
Ohm’s law The ratio of the potential difference
between the ends of a wire and the
current flowing in it is equal to the
resistance of the wire.
 Unit 3: Electrical energy and power electric circuits
Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
In series Way of connecting components ‘end to end’, so Mạch nối tiếp
that the current flows through each in turn.
In parallel Components connected so that each receives the Mạch song song
full voltage at the same time, with part of the
current flowing each component
Kinetic energy Is the energy possessed by a mass by virtue of its Động năng
motion, and in this form we can also include heat
generated by atomic or molecular translation,
rotation, or vibration.
Potential energy Energy which a system possesses by virtue of the Thế năng
relative position of its part or its configuration.
Configuration Arrangement of the part Cấu hình
Reciprocal The value obtained by diving a number into 1, as Nghịch đảo
in 1/r1+1/r2+1/r3…=1/R
Conductance Reciprocal of resistance Điện dẫn
Circuit A network with at least one part that can be Mạch điện
closed
friction Force that tries to stop one thing moving over or Lực ma sát
through another
loop A simple closed connection, part of a network or Vòng
circuit
The power The amount of energy transformed or Cường độ
transmitted per unit of time
Joule’s law The heat energy produced in a unit of time is
proportional to the resistance and to the square
of the current.
The power loss In a wire through which an electric current flows, Sự giảm năng lượng
the electrical power that is changed into heat is
commonly
Voltage drop The difference of potential across the terminals of Sự giảm thế năng
the wire
Kirchhoff’s two laws -In an electric network, the algebraic sum of the
currents that meet at a junction point is zero.

- The sum (taking into account + and – signs)of

the products of current and resistance in each
part of any closed loop in a network is equal to
the algebraic sum of the electromotive forces in
that loop
 Unit 4: Electrochemistry – Electrolysis – Primary &
Secondary cells Electromotive force
Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
Electrochemistry Is the study of the inter-conversion of chemical Điện hóa
and electrical energy
Electrolysis Is the name given to the overall process brought Sự điện phân
about by the passage of current through the
solution
Electrolyte The solution in which they move Chất điện phân
Electrolytic The passage of current through a chemical
conduction solution takes place by means of the movement
of ions
Electroplating Thin coatings of metal are deposited on other Mạ điện
conducting objects
Dissociation In solution, the molecules of acids, alkalies and Sự phân ly
salts dissociate into positive and negative ions
Anode Positive electrode
Cathode Negative electrode
Voltaic cell -the direct transformation of chemical energy into Pin điện
electrical energy is obtained by means of …
-Is to present a difference of potential across its
terminal
Primary cells The parts which react chemically need renewal, Pin sơ cấp
that is, the cell is not reversible
Secondary The reactions are almost completely reversible, Pin thứ cấp
(or storage )cell and the original chemical conditions may be
restored after partial or complete discharge by
reversing the current flow
Displacement Moved from one place to another place Sự di chuyển
Fused Melted, made into liquid by heat Nóng chảy
Accumulator Storage cell ắc quy
Reserve-type cells Primary-cells which may be activated by the Pin loại đảo ngược
addition of an electrolyte
Fuel cells Cells that produce electricity by the oxidation of a Pin nhiên liệu
fuel, used in space vehicles
Dilute Mixed with water Pha loãng
Battery Two or more cells connected in series or in Pin
parallel
Inter-conversion Conversion both of x to y and y to x Sự chuyển đổi
Medium St used to achieve st else, substance through Dung môi
which force
 Unit 5: Magnetism
Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
Ferromagnetic Materials is of only iron, cobalt, and nickel and Vật liệu sắt từ
material some of their alloys
Paramagnetic Elements and metals have slight magnetic Vật liệu thuận từ
material properties
Diamagnetic Materials have magnetic properties less than Vật liệu nghịch từ
material those of vacuum
Electron spin Each electron is spinning about an axis through its
centre
Iron filings Small pieces of iron that removed by the file from Mạt sắt
a piece of iron
Axis An imaginary line about which a body rotates Trục
Alignment Being in line Sự đồng chỉnh
Shells Imaginary sphere (hình cầu) around the nucleus
on the surface of which groups of electrons may
be considered to orbit.
Former A shaped frame

Unit 6: Direct current generators and motors

Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
Generator Converts mechanical energy into electricity
{output/(output+losses)}
Motor Converts electricity into mechanical energy
{( input-losses)/input}
armature A coil assembly that is rotated within a Phần ứng
magnetic field in some kinds of generators
brushes Stationary pieces of carbon in contact with the Chổi
commutator or with the slip rings of a
generator
Conversion Changing
Torque The agency producing or tending to produce Momen lực
torsion
Mounted Fixed, positioned Cố định
Rotate Turn about an axis Quay
Wedge An object the side of which is similar in shape Nêm
to an isosceles(cân) triangle with an apex of
less than 60
Clamping flanges A projecting edge being fasten tightly for
strengthening or attachment purposes
 Segment On of a series of separable parts which Phần , bộ phận
together form the whole
spider The central part of armature core
Angle of shift Angle through which the brushes must be Góc dịch chuyển
moved to change their position
yoke A joining or coupling element (phần tử ghép) Gông từ, ách từ , kẹp
The pole shoes The poles near the armature have enlarged Đế cực
portions
Pole faces The areas facing the armature Mặt cực
Air gap The spaces in a d.c generator between the pole Khoảng không
faces and the armature
Self-excited When a generator supplies its own exciting Tự kích thích
current
Separately excited When the exciting current is supplied from an Kích thích từ nguồn
external source ngoài
Commutation When a commutator segment passes under a Sựu chuyển mạch
brush, the current in the armature conductor
connected with it must reverse from a given
value in one direction to the same value in the
opposite direction
Interpole/commutating Whose winding carries the same current as the Cực trung gian/ cực
pole armature is more satisfactory as a method of phụ
inducing an opposite voltage
 Unit7: Transformer
Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
Transformer Device transform voltages Máy biến thế
Static transformer Transform low-voltage energy into high-
voltage energy or vice versa
Primary winding -An a.c supply is connected to one winding Dây sơ cấp
- The winding of a transformer that is
connected to a source of energy
Secondary winding An a.c supply is connected to the load Dây thứ cấp
Luminous charge tube A form of lamp in which the light is obtained ống phát quang
from an electric discharge between two
electrodes in a glass tube containing gas at
low temperature
Grades Types, qualities Loại
Omitted from Neglected, not considered Loại bỏ
consideration
Schematic Containing only the essentials, sussinct, brief Sơ đồ
Deteriorate Break down, become less efficient Xuống cấp, bị hỏng
No-load operation The primary winding is connected to an a.c Vận hành ko tải
supply with the secondary winding open
Leakage flux e.m.f per turn of the two windings are not Đòn rò , từ thông rò
exactly the same
Hysteresis loss Is the power required for the continual Tổn hao do trễ
reversals of the molecular magnets of which
the iron is composed
Eddy-current loss -Are due to the e.m.f induced in the core Tổn hao dòng phu cô
material as an effect of the varying flux
density
- Laminated transformer cores are used to
reduce the amount of energy wasted in the
form of eddy-current
If the primary winding of a transformer contains less turn than the secondary
winding, it will act as step up transformer
If the primary winding of a transformer contains less turn than the secondary
winding, it will act as step down transformer
 Unit8: Electric power systems
Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
Optimum voltage When we reach an equilibrium between Giá trị tối ưu
costs and saving , the voltage at that point is
the most favourable
Breakers Switches, circuit breakers Bộ ngắt điện
Bus bar Short conductor forming a common junction Cần nối mạch
between two or more circuits
Grid system Electrical network of 132kV and 33kV lines Hệ thống lưới điện
Standing losses Costs of keeping plant ready but inactive
Pilot-plant stage The phase of experimentation in trial unit Giai đoạn thử nghiệm
Nozzle Projecting end of a tube or pipe from which Vòi phun
a liquid or gas emerge under pressure
Condenser Apparatus for converting a vapour to a liquid Bình ngưng
Fission The act of process of splitting into parts Phân hạch
Prime mover Engine or motor in which equipment Động cơ chính
reaches full efficiency
Atomic fission The splitting of atoms Sự phân hạch nguyên tử
Wye and delta Connections used with three-phase
transformers
Diesel engine Is an excellent prime mover for electricity
generation in plant below about 10,000kVA
Overhead-line Dây trần
Single-phase 1 pha
Three-phase 3 pha
Boiler Lò hơi
combustion Đốt cháy
vaporization Bốc hơi
Reactor The assembly within which atomic fission Lò phản ứng
occurs in a nuclear electric power plant
 Unit9: Electronic circuit
Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
Electric circuit Path for electric current, source and load Mạch điện
transmission (wire) control and safety
devices…
Active components Rely on a source of energy and usually can Linh kiện chủ động
inject power into a circuit: vacuum tubes,
transistors, diodes
Passive components Can’t introduce net energy into the circuit, Linh kiện thụ động
can’t rely on a source of power, resistor,
capacitors. Inductors, and transformers
Electromechanical Carry out electrical operation by using moving Phần tử điện cơ
components parts or by using electrical connections
Resistors - Are circuit elements having specified values Điện trở
of resistance.
- Give resistance to circuit: limit current flow,
to adjust signal levels, bias active elements,
terminate transmission lines, …
Wire-wound resistors Used when it may be necessary to dissipate Điện trở có dây quấn
considerable heat
Thin-film resistor Is type of resistor, made by depositing a thin Điện trở có lớp màng
film of metal on a cylindrical insulating mỏng
support
Composition resistor Is type of resistor , in this type the resistive Điện trở bội ép
element is a combination of finely divided
carbon or graphite and non-conducting inert
material or filter such as talc, with synthetic
resin used as a binder
Capacitor Store energy electrostatically in an electric Tụ điện
field
Inductors - Electronic components with appreciable Cuộn cảm
inductance and they consist of many adjacent
turns of wire wound on the same support
- Resist changes in electric current passing
through it
Graphite Native soft carbon in hexagonal crystals, of
black colour and metallic luster.
Binder A cement Bộ kết ghép
Rheostat Variable resistor with two terminals Biến trở
potentiometer Variable electronic components for diving a Chiết áp
voltage into two smaller parts
Dielectric Non conducting material Điện môi
Tuning(capacitor) Variable Tụ điện
Attenuation Reduction in the magnitude of a signal Sự suy giảm
Adjacent neighbouring Kề
filter A network that will permit the passage of Bộ lọc
electrical signals of a particular frequency or
band of frequencies , while offering a much
greater impedance to signals of higher or
lower frequencies
Low pass Permit all frequencies below a specified one- Bộ lọc thông thấp
the cut off frequency to be transmitted with
little or no loss
High pass Is one with a cut-off frequency above which Bộ lọc thông cao
there is little or no loss in transmission
whereas below which there is considerable
attenuation
Band bass Will transmit a selected band of frequencies, Bộ lọc băng tần
attenuating all those either higher or lower
than the desired band
 Unit10: Semiconductors and Transistors
Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
Semiconductors Are solid materials with electrical properties Chất bán dẫn
intermediate between those of good electrical
conductors and those of insulators
Transistors
Valence ring The number of electrons in the outermost orbit or Đai hóa trị
the number of electrons required to complete
this orbit determines the valency of the element
Covalent bonds Provide forces that bind the adjacent atoms of Liên kết cộng hóa trị
the crystal together and the atoms
Donor impurity It gives free electrons to the crystal Tạp chất cho
Hole A trivalent atom is introduced the result is an
immobile negative impurity atom and a charged
germanium atom
Acceptor It accepts electrons from the crystal structure Nhận
n-type semiconductor A germanium crystal treated with a donor Chất bán dẫn loại n
impurity is referred to as ….. because the negative
charged particles – electrons- can carry current
through the crystal.
p-type semiconductor Contains immobile negative impurity atoms Chất bán dẫn loại p
within the crystal structure and positively charged
atoms of germanium known as holes able to carry
current through the crystal
A p-n-p type junction Consists of a thin layer of n material enclosed
transistor between two thicker layer of p material
Collector It consists of a thin central layer of p or n-type Bộ góp

Emitter material (the base) between two thicker layers of Bộ phát

nor p material , giving either a p-n-p or a n-p-n
type.
Current amplification The ratio between the change in collector current Hệ số khuếch đại
factor and the corresponding change in the emitter dòng
current and is generally represent by anpha
 Unit11: Electromagnetic waves
Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
Propagation Movement of a signal through a medium such as air Sự lan truyền
or water
Dielectric Insulating material used to separate the plates of a Chất điện môi
capacitor
Reflection Throwing back or deflection of waves, such as light or Phản xạ
sound waves, when they hit a surface
Refraction Bending of a wave light, heat, or sound when it passes Khúc xạ
from one medium to another due to the difference in
a velocity
( vận tốc) in different media
Wavelength Distance between successive crests (đỉnh) of wave Bước sóng
ionosphere Layers of ionized gases in the upper atmosphere Tầng điện ly
Antenna/ aerial Device for collecting sending out signals being Ăng ten
transmitted through free space
waveform Amplitude ( biên độ ): transverse waves (sóng ngang)
like a water waves+ waves on guitar strings
Wavelength( bước sóng): the same as light speed
(=300.000 km/s) velocity, frequency
grinders
Radio wave Is reflected or refracted when it travels at an angle
across the boundary between two regions in which
there is a different velocity of propagation
Ground wave Passing along the earth’s surface
Sky wave Travelling at an angle to the earth’s surface, passes
through the lower atmosphere and is reflected by the
ionosphere, returning to the earth at a distant point.
 Unit12: Television
Terms English meaning Vietnamese meaning
Television -Reproduction at a distance by radio waves of visual Ti vi
images
- is the electrical transmission of pictures in motion,
usually with the simultaneous electrical transmission
of accompanying sound

LED Means of displaying symbols in electronic

instruments and devices, made of semiconductor
material that glows (phát sang) when electricity is
passed through it
flickering Vibration of light Sự chập chờn (ánh
sang)
Synchronization Adjustment of the timing of signals so that they are
in step with each other
Raster Scan path of an electron beam( chùm) going across Mành quét
and down the screen of a television receiver
Compatibility Ability to be used in combination Tính tương thích
Playback Action or process of playing music, showing a video Đường quét hồi
that has been recorded previously
Laser( light A device which uses radiant energy and producing a
amplification by narrow beam of light, capable of traveling over vast
stimulated distances without dispersion (phân tán) and of being
emission of focused to give enormous power
radiation)