Li-Fi Technology

Presented By
Akshay K
Contents
Introduction
History
Architecture of Li-Fi
How Li-Fi works
Why VLC.?
Wi-Fi vs Li-Fi
Advantages
Applications
Limitations
Future scope
Conclusion
References
Introduction
LiFi is a wireless optical networking technology that
uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data
transmission.
LiFi is designed to use LED light bulbs similar to
those currently in use in many energy-conscious
homes and offices.
However, LiFi bulbs are outfitted with a chip that
modulates the light imperceptibly for optical data
transmission.
Introduction
Introduction
LiFi data is transmitted by the LED bulbs and
received by photo receptors.
LiFi works based on VLC(Visible Light
Communication) principle
LiFi transmits data using light intensity modulation
History
Professor Harald Haas, from the University of
Edinburgh in the UK, is widely recognised as the
original founder of Li-Fi.
History
Haas promoted this technology in his 2011 TED
Global talk and helped start a company to market it.
pureLifi is a start up that develops, manufactures and
sells high-technology products in the Li-Fi domain.

In October 2011, companies and industry groups

formed the Li-Fi Consortium, to promote high-speed
optical wireless systems.
Architecture of Li-Fi
The main components of basic Li-Fi system are:-

LED Bulb Photodiode

Data from source computer converted into byte format.

Then converted into light signals.

The light signal is received by the photodiode at the

receiver side.

Received data converted back by the destination

computer.
Li-Fi Transmitter system comprises of four primary
subassemblies:
 Bulb
 RF Power Amplifier Circuit(PA)
 Printed Circuit Board(PCB)

 Enclosure

Bulb
Working of Li-Fi
Li-Fi uses visible light between violet(800THz) and
red(400THz).
There is a light emitting diode on one end i.e. an
LED transmitter, And a photo detector(light sensor)
on other.
the invisible on-off activity enables data transmission
using binary codes.
The data input to the LED transmitter encoded into
the light by varying the flickering of the light.
If the LED is ON- a digital 1 is transmitted.
If the LED is OFF- a digital 0 is transmitted.
The receiver(photo receptor) registers a binary 1
when the LED is on and binary 0 when LED is off.
LiFi works based on VLC(Visible Light
Communication) principle
VLC data rate can be further increased to as high as
10 Gbps via parallel data transmission , using an
array or different colors of LED lights with each LED
transmitting different data stream.
Why VLC
The frequency spectrum consist of many wave
regions like
 X-rays
 Gamma-rays

 UV region

 Infrared region

 Microwaves

Any one of the above waves can be used in the

upcoming communication technologies. But why the
visible light part is chosen.?
The reason behind this is the easy availability and
lesser harmful effects that occur due to these rays of
light.
Whereas other wave regions have following
disadvantages:-
Gamma rays
Can kill living cells
Used for radiotherapy-kill cancer cells.
It can cause variety of cancers. They cause mutation
in growing tissues.so newborn babies are especially
vulnerable.
X-rays
Used by doctors to see inside people.
Similar to gamma rays, it can cause cell damage and
cancers.
Ultra-violet
Large dose of ultra violet light can damage the retinas
in your eyes.
Cause sunburn and even skin cancers
Infrared
Large dose of infrared waves can damage skin and
tissues.
It can increase atmospheric temperature, which will
change weather patterns that can be harmful to people
and animals.
Microwaves
It can heat the body tissues
It can affect your brain.
 Both the technologies transmit data through electro magnetic spectrum
 Wi-Fi works well for wireless coverage within building/ campus/
compound, and Li-Fi is ideal for high density wireless data coverage
inside a confined area or room and is free from interference issues
unlike the Wi-Fi.
Comparison of speed of various wireless
communication technologies
Shortcomings of Radio waves
transmission when comparing with Li-Fi
Capacity
It has limited bandwidth when comparing with Li-Fi.
Development of technologies like 3G and 4G, we are
running out of spectrum.
Energy efficiency
There are large number of cellular radio base stations
that consume massive amount of energy.
Most of the energy is used for cooling down the base
station instead of transmission.
Availability
Radio waves are not advisable to be used in aero
planes and places where radio interference.
Security
Radio waves can penetrate through walls. they can be
intercepted. This cause a major security concern for
Wi-Fi.
Advantages of Li-Fi
Efficiency
Homes and offices already have LED bulbs for lighting
purposes, the same source of light can be used to
transmit data.
Light must be there for communication.
When there is no need of light, it can be reduced to a
point where it appears off to human eye, but is actually
still on and working.
High speed
Combination of low interference, high bandwidth, help
Li-Fi provide high data rates i.e 1 Gbps or even
beyond.
Availability
Light bulbs are present everywhere-in homes, offices,
shops, malls and even planes, which can be used as a
medium for data transmission.
Cheaper
Requires fewer components
Uses only negligible additional power for data
transmission.
Security
Light cannot pass through opaque structures, Li-Fi
internet is available only to the users within a room
and cannot be misused by users in other rooms or
buildings.
Applications
Education system
Li-Fi can provide fastest speed for internet access.so it
can replace Wi-Fi at educational institutions and
companies.
Medical applications
Operation theatres do not allow Wi-Fi due to radiation
concerns.
Wi-Fi interferes the signals of monitoring equipment
These interfering can affect patient’s health, due to
improper working of medical machines.
Aircrafts
Wi-Fi can interfere navigational system of the plane.
Under water applications
Radio wave cannot be used under water, because
these waves are strongly absorbed by sea water.
Communication with ROVs done through large cables.
Traffic management
Lifi can provide smooth flow of traffic and reduction of
accidents.
Mobile connectivity
Mobiles, tablet, laptops can easily connect with each
other. short range network of Li-Fi can yield high data
rates and high security.
Use cases

 is one of the leading companies in Li-Fi technology.

The world’s first Li-Fi system, The Li-Flame is
developed by pureLi-Fi.
LiFi-X is a Li-Fi dongle 
OLEDCOMM
It is a French company- designs and manufactures
Li-Fi solutions.
 GEOLiFi
 LiFiNET

 Are products/ services provided by OLEDCOMM

GEOLiFi- indoor Location based service.

 With GEOLiFi, The LED lightings in a building can be
converted into a true indoor positioning system(IPS).
LiFiNET- unlimited bandwidth for connecting people
and IoT
 It allows a highly secure and private bidirectional
communication for the IoT.
Limitations of Li-Fi
Internet cannot be accessed without a light source.

Opaque obstacles on pathways can affect data

transmission.

Natural light and normal electric light can affect the

data transmission speed.
Light waves don’t penetrate through walls and so Li-
Fi has a much shorter range than Wi-Fi.

High initial installation cost.

Future scope
As light is everywhere and free to use, there is a
great scope for the use and evolution of LiFi
technology. As the LiFi technology become popular,
it will lead to cleaner, greener, safer communications
and have a bright future and environment. if it
evolves faster, people will use this technology more
and more
Conclusion
The technology is in its developing stage.
The possibilities are numerous and can be explored
further. If this technology can be put into practical
use, every bulb can be used something like a Wi-Fi
hotspot to transmit wireless data
References
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi
• https://
www.tutorialspoint.com/articles/li-fi-a-possible-revol
ution-in-communication
• https://
www.techopedia.com/7/31769/technology-trends/what-i
s-li-fi
• https://purelifi.com/
• https://www.oledcomm.net/
• https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/LiFi
 Thank you

• Any Questions..?