EFS.10.05.01R.1 Design Basis For Instr PDF

DESIGN BASIS FOR INSTRUMENTATION
DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 5

1.1 General ................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Definitions ............................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Codes And Standards ......................................................................................... 6
2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................... 6

2.1 Environmental connections................................................................................ 6
2.2 Selection of Instruments..................................................................................... 6
2.3 Units of measurement ......................................................................................... 7
2.4 Selection of Ranges ............................................................................................ 7
2.5 Signal Transmission............................................................................................ 7
2.6 Electrical Safety................................................................................................... 8
2.7 Instrument Nameplates ....................................................................................... 9
2.8 RFI/EMI immunity................................................................................................. 9
2.9 Pressure Rating ................................................................................................... 9
2.10 Lensed Glasses ................................................................................................... 9
2.11 Proven Equipment ............................................................................................. 10
2.12 Smart Transmitters............................................................................................ 10
2.13 Instrument Hook-up........................................................................................... 10
2.14. Tagging Systems ............................................................................................... 11
2.15 Data Sheets ........................................................................................................ 11
2.16 Material Requirement Criterion ........................................................................ 11
2.17 Electrical Power and Instrument Air Supplies ................................................ 12
2.18 Protective Shades.............................................................................................. 13
2.19 Local Panels And Cubicles ............................................................................... 13
3.0 FIELD INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN & SELECTION REQUIREMENTS............ 13

3.1 Flow Instruments ............................................................................................... 14
3.2 Vortex Shedding Flow Meters .......................................................................... 17
3.3 Electromagnetic Flow Meters ........................................................................... 18
3.4 Ultrasonic Flow Meters ..................................................................................... 20
3.5 Coriolis Mass Flow Meters................................................................................ 21
3.6 Variable Area Flow Meters ................................................................................ 22
3.7 Turbine Meters ................................................................................................... 23
3.8 Positive Displacement Meters .......................................................................... 23
3.9 Accessories........................................................................................................ 24
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DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
3.10 Miscellaneous Flow meter ................................................................................ 25
4.0 LEVEL INSTRUMENTS.......................................................................................... 25

4.1 Selection of Level Instruments......................................................................... 25
4.2 Differential-Pressure Level Instruments.......................................................... 26
4.3 Displacer Level Instruments............................................................................. 27
4.4 Radar Type Level Instruments.......................................................................... 28
4.5 Capacitance Level Probes ................................................................................ 28
4.6 Level Switches................................................................................................... 28
4.7 Level Gauges ..................................................................................................... 28
5.0 PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS ................................................................................. 29

5.1 Pressure Gauges ............................................................................................... 29
5.2 Other Pressure Instruments ............................................................................. 30
6.0 TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS .......................................................................... 30

6.1 General ............................................................................................................... 30
6.2 Dial Thermometers ............................................................................................ 31
6.3 Thermocouples .................................................................................................. 31
6.4 Resistance Elements......................................................................................... 32
6.5 Instruments For Thermocouple And Resistance Elements ........................... 32
7.0 ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS................................................................................ 32
8.0 SPEED INSTRUMENTS ......................................................................................... 33
9.0 MACHINE MONITORING ....................................................................................... 34

9.1 General ............................................................................................................... 34
9.2 Monitors ............................................................................................................. 34
9.3 Monitoring Functions ........................................................................................ 34
9.4 Monitor Display.................................................................................................. 35
10.0 FIRE AND GAS DETECTION................................................................................. 35
11.0 VALVE SELECTION............................................................................................... 35

11.1 Shutdown and Blowdown Valves..................................................................... 35
11.2 Motor Operated Valves (MOV) .......................................................................... 36
11.3 Wellhead Choke Valves..................................................................................... 37
11.4 Control Valve...................................................................................................... 37
11.5 Regulators .......................................................................................................... 45
DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
11.6 Pneumatic Pilot Valves ..................................................................................... 45

11.7 Solenoid Valves ................................................................................................. 45
11.8 Proximity ............................................................................................................ 45
12.0 ANALYSER / MEASUREMENT / MONITOR.......................................................... 46

12.1 Moisture Analyser.............................................................................................. 46
12.2 Dew point Analyser ........................................................................................... 46
12.3 Potable Water Analyser..................................................................................... 47
12.4 Sand Monitor...................................................................................................... 47
12.5 Corrosion / Erosion Monitor ............................................................................. 47
13.0 CONTROL ROOM INSTRUMENTS ....................................................................... 47

13.1 General ............................................................................................................... 47
13.2 Distributed Control System .............................................................................. 47
13.3 Safeguarding System (ESD, F & G, Etc.) ........................................................ 48
13.4 Auxiliary Instruments In The Control Room.................................................... 48
13.5 Marshalling Cabinets in the Control Room ..................................................... 48
14.0 CUSTODIANSHIP .................................................................................................. 48
REVISION HISTORY LOG ..................................................................................... 49

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
The purpose of this document is to define the basis of design and the generic
guidelines to be applied for the design and selection of Instrumentation, systems
and equipment, in accordance with the latest international standards and industrial
practice. All parties involved in the design and engineering of offshore facilities for
QP, shall use this document to achieve the Standard required by QP.
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1.2.1 General Definitions
For the purposes of this document the following definitions of terms and
interpretations shall apply irrespective of any other meaning the words
may have in other projects.
must The word ‘must’ is to be understood as mandatory.

shall The word ‘shall’ is to be understood as a requirement.
Should The word ‘should’ is to be understood as recommended.
QPis the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design
and construction. QP will generally specify technical requirements. QP
may also include agent or consultant to act for QP.
CONTRACTOR is the party that carries out all aspects or part of the
design, engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning of the
plant. QP may sometimes undertake all or part of the duties of
CONTRACTOR.
1.2.2 Abbreviations
DCS Distributed control system

EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
HART Highway Addressable Remote Transducer
IPS Instrument Protective System
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
PEFS Process engineering flow scheme
PLC Programmable logic controller
RTU Remote terminal unit
SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition
UPS Un-interrupted power supply

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
1.3 CODES AND STANDARDS
The codes, standards and specification listed in the standard EFS.00.08.02 shall
be used.
2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
To facilitate easy operation and better quality maintenance, standardisation of all

instrument equipment shall be adopted as far as practical. This applies to all
tagged field devices, instruments, control valves, fire and gas detectors and bulk
material such as air filter regulators, tube fittings, junction boxes, cables,
terminals, switches etc.
The selection of makes and types of instruments shall be made from the preferred
Instrument Vendors" as prepared by QP for each project.
2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONNECTIONS
The environmental data provided by QP under document EFS.00.08.03 shall be

used.
2.2 SELECTION OF INSTRUMENTS
The following factors shall be taken into consideration for selection of instruments:
1. The process fluid properties, such as phase of flow, viscosity, corrosiveness,

erosiveness, toxicity, temperature and pressure, under normal and abnormal
conditions, shall be considered.
2. Process, safety, electrical safety and mechanical integrity shall be

considered in the selection of the measuring techniques and types of
instruments.
3. The required ranges and accuracy classes shall be selected as specified in

the PEFS or the Instrument Data Sheets.
4. Calibration facilities, possible cross contamination of process fluids and the

need to wash before removal (purge, flush and disposal) shall be identified
as these will influence the instrument selection for the process condition
(normal, abnormal, start-up and shut-down).
5. Environmental conditions shall be taken into consideration in the selection of

the instruments.
6. Maintenance aspects such as access, ease of installation, calibration and

removal and remote or self-diagnostic features shall be considered.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

7. Vendor maintenance support facilities shall be taken into consideration.
2.3 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
The instrument ranges and scales shall be in SI units.
2.4 SELECTION OF RANGES
Instrument maximum span should be selected suitable for the required precision
and accuracy. Unless otherwise specified, the calibrated instrument ranges shall
be selected such that the normal value will be between 50 and 75 percent of the
calibrated span, taking into account the specified minimum and maximum values
of the process conditions. In cases such as the flow meters, the ranges shall be
selected to cover start-up, circulation and upset conditions as well.
Selection of ranges for process stream analysers should also take into account
abnormal process, start-up and shutdown conditions.
Where the design pressure of the line is higher than the design range of the
instrument, over range protection shall be applied.
For automatic transmitter comparison, trip transmitters should have the same
range as those used for control. The setting of the trip action should be between
10% and 90% of the transmitter output.
The ranges of certain trip instruments, such as those for high level and gas
detection, shall be selected such that the trip point accuracy is not degraded.
Elevated ranges shall be avoided, except for level measurements.
2.5 SIGNAL TRANSMISSION
Signal transmission for control, indicating and recording instruments shall be

electronic (digital or analogue). Smart transmitters complete with local digital
indicator shall be utilised extensively.
"Smart" analogue communication should be considered between field transmitters

and DCS whereby "smart" communication can be achieved via a hand-held
terminal and/or a terminal in the control room.
Foundation fieldbus also may be considered for non-critical open loops.
For reasons of loop integrity, communication from DCS to the field mounted final
control elements shall be 4 to 20 mA.
For 4 to 20 mA transmission, the supply voltage level should be a nominal 24 V

(dc).

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

The signal transmission should normally be a 2-wire system.
Trip transmitters shall be based on 4 to 20 mA signal transmissions.
Instrumentation such as for machine monitoring, fire and gas detection, tank
gauging, sub-systems for motor operated valves, etc. may have other signal
ranges, signal transmission voltage levels and wire systems according to
manufacturers' standards.
2.6 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
2.6.1 General
In order to prevent electrical apparatus, including electronic process

instrumentation, from becoming a source of ignition in potentially
explosive atmospheres, protective measures shall be taken, based on the
hazardous area classification of the particular area in which the electrical
apparatus is being installed.
2.6.2 Electrical certification on Hazardous Area
Intrinsically safe instrumentation utilising galvanic isolator achieved using

the latest ground free system complete with replaceable fuse or circuit
breakers are preferred.
All instrumentation, as a minimum, classified suitable for Zone 2, Gas

Group IIA, and temperature class T3, classification in accordance to IP
model code of safe practice Part 15. Wherever IS is not practical, EExd
should be considered.
2.6.3 Ingress Protection/weather proof
Field devices should have ingress protection of IP 65 as a minimum;

system cabinets, marshalling cabinet and equipment inside air-
conditional rooms should have protection of IP 32 as per IEC-60529 as a
minimum.
Control room operator consoles shall be tea or coffee spill proof,

preferably IP 67 as per IEC – 60529.
2.6.4 Safety documentation
Safety certification for the selected type of protection for the installed
electrical apparatus shall be made available.
Certificates shall be obtained from recognised test houses.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
2.7 INSTRUMENT NAMEPLATES
2.7.1 General
All instruments, junction boxes, cabinets, panels and ancillary equipment

shall be provided with nameplates indicating the tag number only or the
tag number and the service in line with the description of the instrument
data sheets.
2.7.2 Field-mounted nameplates
All plant-mounted instruments, e.g. transmitters, converters, control

valves, etc., and junction boxes shall be provided with nameplates. The
nameplate shall be properly secured to the instrument or its support. The
preferred method is by means of screws.
The material of the nameplate should be laminated plastic. The colour

shall be as specified by QP. Control valves whose size has an effect on
the required capacity of a relief valve should have nameplates
white/red/white.
ESD related instruments should also have nameplates white/red/white.
2.7.3 Nameplates for indoors use
• All panel-mounted instruments shall be provided with nameplates in

accordance with the manufacturer's standard.
• Cabinets and distribution frames shall be provided with nameplates.
The material of the nameplates should be
• Labels and marking methods used inside instrumentation cabinets
shall be to manufacturers' standards provided they are secure and
permanent.
2.8 RFI/EMI IMMUNITY
Radio Frequency Interface (RFI) and Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shall be

in accordance with EN 50081-2 & EN 50082-2.
2.9 PRESSURE RATING
All instruments shall be fully rated to system design as per PEFDs and UEFDs.
2.10 LENSED GLASSES
Lenses/glasses and windows on instrumentation to be heavy duty, impact

resistant, shatter proof and wherever installed in an open atmosphere be UV
immune.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
2.11 PROVEN EQUIPMENT
Minimum of two years proven offshore field performance is required.
2.12 SMART TRANSMITTERS
Smart transmitter, hybrid of analogue/digital complete with local digital indicator

shall be utilised extensively. It is a two wire, 4 to 20 mA with superimposed digital
“Hart’ communication protocol.
2.13 INSTRUMENT HOOK-UP
2.13.1 Process and Pneumatic Connection
Integral process monoflange in double block and bleed configuration,

flanged according to ANSI B16.5 standard with ½ inch NPTM and anti-
tamper key operated bleed needle valve.
Double compression Swagelok type fittings in ASTM 316L stainless steel

must be strictly enforced.
Guidelines for Instrument Air Lines tubing are as follows:
• 3/8” OD minimum for single user;

• ½ OD for four users, maximum;
• 1” OD for eight users, maximum;
• ¼” OD minimum, for pneumatic signal lines.
2.13.2 Electrical / Instrument Cable Entry
The minimum instrument cable entry to be M20 and be standardised

plant wide.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
2.14. TAGGING SYSTEMS
Instruments, fire and gas tag numbers and equipment identification to abide QP
Engineering Standard ES.0.07.0031 entitled Offshore Plant Equipment Tag
Identifiers.
2.15 DATA SHEETS
ISA Form S-20 or its enhanced version be used and be standardised.
2.16 MATERIAL REQUIREMENT CRITERION
Material for sour service shall be certified in accordance with NACE MR 0175 as
well as in compliance with QP Engineering Standard ES-M-11 entitled Engineering
Standard for specification of sour service materials.
The use of aluminium and its alloys should be restricted, particularly in hazardous
areas due to the possibility of generation of incendive sparks.
Cadmium should be restricted as well, being considered toxic to the environment

and a potential carcinogen.
2.16.1 Wetted Materials
Materials for all wetted parts of in-line instruments shall be in accordance

with the requirements of Piping Materials Specification.
Metallic materials for all wetted part shall, as a minimum be:
• Type 316 stainless steel or Type 317 L stainless steel on all process
and utility services limited to a maximum temperature of 60 deg C
(140 deg F);
• Hastelloy C or Type 904 L SS with 6% Mo”Cronifer 1925 hMo” or

Avesta 254 SMO (UNS S31254), if temperature is greater than 60
deg C (140 deg F);
• Monel, if temperature is greater than 60 deg C (140 deg F) and

mercury contamination free. Monel shall also be used for seawater
service.
2.16.2 Chloride Related Corrosion
Particular attention shall be given to the salt content of the fluid streams,
the atmosphere and the related operating temperatures to assure that
chloride stress corrosion cracking, crevice corrosion pitting of corrosion

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

resistant alloy (CRA) such as stainless steel equipment and the like does
not occur.
2.16.3 Galvanic Corrosion
Material selection shall ensure dissimilar galvanic corrosion does not

cause a decrease in the service life of the equipment, hot dip galvanized
as per BS EN ISO 1461 fasteners to achieve galvanic compatibility with
carbon steel are a must.
2.16.4 Corrosion Resistant Material
All materials that are not inherently corrosion resistant in the service
environment shall be externally painted.
All aluminium alloy items installed/used outside of the air – conditioned

areas shall be virtually copper free and shall be free of metals such as
magnesium, which may cause a spark.
2.16.5 Nuts, Bolts, Washers and Screws
These shall be 316 L stainless steel M20 and below.
2.16.6 Painting
Carbon steel and alloy steel surfaces shall be painted in accordance with
QP Engineering Specification ES-Q-12 entitled Specification for painting
and wrapping metal surfaces/new construction and maintenance.
Manufacturer’s standard painting system for a tropical marine and

offshore environment where superior in quality to QP standard is
generally acceptable, again QP written approval is required.
The manufacturer’s supply shall include a considerable amount of “repair

or touch-up paint”.
2.17 ELECTRICAL POWER AND INSTRUMENT AIR SUPPLIES
2.17.1 Electrical Power supply
Electrical power supply shall be standardised at 110 VAC, 50 HZ, single

phase, direct earth neutral, and 2 wires via redundant feeders from
Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS).
Voltages lower than these shall be provided and derived from the above
complete with miniature circuit breakers for maintenance and isolation
purposes.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
All instruments such as transmitters, solenoid valves, relays, switches,

coils and etc. shall be 24 V DC, standardised plant wide.
Usage of interposing relays is NOT allowed.
2.17.2 Instrument Air Supply
The Instrument Air header pressure is 7.0 Barg. However, all control valve
actuators shall be sized for a minimum instrument air supply pressure of 4.5
Barg.
2.18 PROTECTIVE SHADES
Protective shades should normally be applied to protect electronic instruments

installed in the open air from large temperature variations. In project related areas,
this protective shade will prevent a wide temperature change of the housing due to
direct sun radiation in day-time and rapid cool down by rain fall or at night-time,
leading to condensation of the moisture from the air inside the instrument.
Where instruments require shades which are not available as standard equipment
or require specially made supports and brackets such as for in-line flow meters,
displacer level instruments, tank gauges, etc., these shall be shown on detailed
construction drawings.
2.19 LOCAL PANELS AND CUBICLES
Local panels shall be avoided wherever possible and in any case require the
approval of the Principal.
Contractor shall specify materials and an appropriate paint system suitable for the
intended location and atmosphere. Where the local panel or cubicle requires
openings for ventilation, these openings shall be provided with screens to prevent
the entry of animals or insects.
There shall be no direct process connections between process fluids and enclosed
instrument panels. Wherever necessary transmitters shall be applied.
Whenever possible, instruments shall be mounted at eye level, but in any case not
lower than 750 mm from the base.
Local panels shall be located well away from steam outlets and constant drizzles
of water.
3.0 FIELD INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN & SELECTION

REQUIREMENTS

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

Dedicated field instruments shall be utilised for ESD and FGS application directly
connected to plant safety system via field junction box. Control and safety
function (field instruments and systems) must be segregated.
3.1 FLOW INSTRUMENTS
The measuring element shall be able to withstand a differential pressure equal to

the maximum body rating without affecting calibration.
If instruments in gas or liquid service require temperature compensation, the

temperature shall be measured on the downstream side of the flow element.
If a single meter is insufficient to meet the turndown then parallel meters shall be
applied. Selection of parallel meters shall be controlled automatically by the DCS.
To ensure proper flow meter selection, correct process data such as flow rate,
temperature, pressure and density shall be provided for minimum, normal and
maximum operating conditions (including start-up and emergency conditions).
Required accuracy of the measurement and the maximum allowable pressure loss
under all process conditions shall also be available before the proper flow meter
can be selected.
3.1.1 Orifice Plate Assemblies
Orifice plates shall be of the square-edged concentric type. Orifice plate

dimensions shall conform to the Recommended Dimension of API MPMS
C 14.3/AGA 3 natural Gas Fluid Measurement for liquids shall conform to
ISO 5167.
The ratio of the orifice diameter to line diameter (d/D) for orifice plates
shall be between 0.50 and 0.70 with 0.60 the preferred d/D ratio
approach.
Orifice bores shall be calculated by the formulae from the latest edition of
“Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook” by Miller.
Weep holes shall be provided in steam or gas flow installations where

condensation can occur and in liquid flow installations where gas
entrainment can occur. The hole area shall be deducted from the
calculated orifice bore area.
Junior or Simplex type orifice assemblies are preferred, however, the use
of conventional orifice flanges are acceptable provided it is in accordance
with Piping Material Specification.
The minimum ANSI rating for an orifice flange shall be 300 LB.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

The normal differential pressure range for orifice plates shall be 0 to 250
mBar. If the normal range is not practical, ranges may be 0 to 25, 125,
250, 500, 1000 mBar.
Orifice plates shall also have the equipment identification number and
type of material permanently embossed and readily visible on the metal.
The identification shall comply with ISA RP3.2, Recommended Practice
for Flange Mounted Sharp Edged Orifice Plates for Flow measurement.
The outlet side of the orifice plate tab handle shall be permanently
marked with; instrument tag number, orifice diameter (MM), line size,
pressure rating and plate material.
Square edge orifice plates, with flange tapings, shall be used wherever
possible.
Depending on line size and site preference, the orifice bore should be
rounded off to the nearest 0.1 or 1 mm.
Installation requirements
1. The straight length and other installation requirements of orifice plates

and venturi tubes shall be in accordance with ISO 5167. For best
accuracy the unbracketed figures shall be used. For applications
requiring less accuracy, as in class A (2.8), the bracketed figures may
be applied.
2. To ensure proper operation of the instruments, normal and abnormal

process conditions and climatic conditions shall be considered in
deciding whether to apply purging, liquid sealing, diaphragm seals,
heating and insulation, etc.
3. Differential pressure transmitters for gas services should be mounted

such that they are self draining.
3.1.2 Restriction Orifice Plate
Restriction orifice plates are devices for creating a certain pressure drop
or for limiting a flow rate. They are not intended for flow measurement but
are similar to flow metering orifice plates, in construction and sizing
method. They are normally placed between normal piping flanges.
Restriction orifice plates shall be designed to ASME MFC 14M.
Restriction orifice plates on high differential pressure drops, on flashing

liquids and on cavitating services shall be hard faced.
Restriction orifice plate thickness shall be verified by stress calculation.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
3.1.3 Construction of other measuring elements
Venturi tubes and flow nozzles of circular cross section shall be in

accordance with ISO 5167. Unless otherwise specified, only one pressure
tapping shall be provided for upstream and one for downstream pressure
measurement. Prior to fabrication, the Manufacturer shall submit the
mechanical construction drawings of these measuring elements for
approval by the Principal.
3.1.4 Differential pressure instruments
Diaphragm-type ‘smart’ transmitters with a continuously adjustable range

shall be used as a standard. The material of the body and diaphragm
shall be stainless steel AISI 316 unless the process conditions dictate
another material.
All instruments shall have an over-range protection up to the maximum

permissible pressure of the instrument.
3.1.5 Meter runs for pipe sizes DN15 to DN40
For pipe sizes DN 15 to DN 40, meter runs shall be used.
3.1.6 Meter runs for pipe sizes DN50 and larger
Meter runs for pipe sizes DN 50 and larger shall only be applied for
custody transfer requirement or where a high accuracy is required.
3.1.7 Integral orifice transmitters
The use of transmitters with integral orifice, for flow metering in line sizes
smaller than DN 15, requires the approval of the Principal. For these
types of measurement, small Coriolis mass flow meters should also be
considered.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
3.2 VORTEX SHEDDING FLOW METERS
3.2.1 Selection of vortex flow meters
The following shall be considered in vortex flow meter selection:
1. Specify turndown requirements, taking into account start-up and

abnormal operating conditions.
2. The Reynolds number shall be at least 20 000 and the minimum

flow velocity shall be as specified by the manufacturer, in order to
achieve reliable measurement.
3. Vortex flow meters should not be used in wet gas or wet steam
applications.
4. Vortex flow meters should not be considered for very viscous, waxy
or erosive services.
5. Vortex flow meters shall be provided with process flanges. The use
of water type vortex flow meters requires the approval of the
Principal.
6. In selecting a vortex flow meter the following criteria shall be

considered in order of importance:
i) measurement performance (turn-down, minimum measurable

flow);
ii) pressure drop across the meter;
ii) need for pipe reducers.
If there is a requirement for separate control and safeguarding functions,

vortex flow meters shall be equipped with two sets of electronics and
sensors.
NOTE: The ratio of vortex meter range and vortex meter maximum
capacity shall normally be less than 1:3 and this criteria may be used as
a screening value in sizing reviews. Exceeding this ratio could lead to
elevated minimum flow threshold levels, making the meters unsuitable for
proper control.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
3.2.2 Installation requirements
1. The orientation (horizontal or vertical) of the vortex flow meter is not

critical, but for gas measurements in horizontal lines the bluff body
should be placed in the horizontal position in order to avoid
condensate impacting on the measuring element. For liquids in a
vertical line, the flow shall be upwards, as the flow line must remain
full.
2. A location with minimum pipe line vibration shall be selected. If

necessary, the pipe shall be supported at both ends of the flow
meter.
3. If pressure and temperature compensation is required for a gas flow

application, the pressure tapping should be placed as close as
possible upstream of the flow meter. The temperature point shall be
located at least 5 pipe diameters downstream of the flow meter.
4. Straight length requirements shall be as specified by the

manufacturer.
5. If the meter size is smaller than the line size, concentric pipe
reducers shall be used.
6. Care shall be taken that the process gaskets are properly aligned
and do not interfere with the flow profile.
7. Upstream pipe or flange transition shall be smooth and flush with

the pipe wall. Otherwise, if the internal pipe diameter is smaller than
the inside diameter of the vortex flow meter, vortices may be
created which may adversely affect the performance of the flow
meter.
3.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOW METERS
3.3.1 Selection of electromagnetic flow meters
The following shall be considered in the selection of electromagnetic flow

meters:
1. Most electromagnetic flow meters require a process liquid with a

minimum conductivity of 5 µS/cm.
2. Select the liner materials based on services.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
a) PTFE
PTFE is the most frequently used liner material. As this liner

cannot be glued to the inside of the housing, it is NOT suitable
for vacuum service. Furthermore certain liquids can penetrate
through PTFE, which then may cause short circuit and/or
corrosion of the meter parts.
b) PVA
Liquid penetration is less than for PTFE, but PVA does not
retain its original shape once this has changed under pressure
and temperature. This problem can be overcome by reinforcing
the liner with a steel wiring mat. Reinforced PVA is suitable for
vacuum service.
c) Ceramic
Liners are suitable for most applications, but the material is

sensitive to temperature shock, and stresses in the piping may
crack the liner.
Electromagnetic flow meters with a ceramic liner, in

conjunction with capacitive sensors, can be used for
conductivity's as low as 0.05 µS/cm. Ceramic is an expensive
liner, which requires careful handling and installation.
d) Rubber
Neoprene or natural rubber is the cheapest of all liners. It is

mainly used for water services.
3. Electromagnetic flow meters are insensitive to low amounts (0 - 5

vol%) of entrained gases. The meter will read "high" with larger
quantities of gases in the liquid. Furthermore, gas bubbles can
cause problems when they accumulate around the electrodes. If
gases are entrained in the liquid, the meter shall be installed in a
vertical process line.
4. A minimum fluid velocity of 0.5 m/sec is required.
5. Since most hydrocarbons have a very low conductivity,

electromagnetic flow meters are mainly used in utility services and
chemical plants.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

1. An electromagnetic flow meter can be installed at any point in the
pipe run, provided the straight length requirements are met. It shall
be ensured that the flow tube is always completely filled with liquid.
2. The electrode axis shall be horizontal in order to prevent

contamination of the electrodes and to prevent contact loss due to
gas bubbles around the electrodes.
3. Grounding of electromagnetic flow meters (including earthing rings)

requires special attention. The recommendations of the flow meter
manufacturer shall be followed.
4. Avoid installation of electromagnetic flow meters close to large

conducting surfaces such as metal supports. These large metal
objects will interfere with the magnetic field of the flow meter and
hence influence its accuracy and behaviour.
3.4 ULTRASONIC FLOW METERS
Additional outputs can be added, such as an output for velocity-of-sound. This

velocity-of- sound output can be used to calculate mass flow rate. This principle
can be applied for mass flow measurement in a flare stack or for fuel gas to
furnaces.
3.4.1 Selection of ultrasonic flow meters
The following shall be considered in the selection of ultrasonic flow

meters:
1. The service conditions are important in the selection of the

ultrasonic flow meter. Time-of-flight (or transit time) ultrasonic flow
meters shall be used for clean liquids or gases. Some
manufacturers, however, have specifications that allow solid
particles in liquid or gas measurements or gas entrainment in liquid
measurements.
2. Ultrasonic flow meters shall be considered for use on large lines and
for large turndowns, if the cost of a vortex flow meter is higher.
3. Ultrasonic flow meters shall be considered where pressure drop is

not permitted.
4. On critical services (such as control, safeguarding or mass/energy

balance) ultrasonic flow meters with insertion probes shall have
retraction mechanisms to allow online probe maintenance.
5. Clamp-on ultrasonic flow meters may only be used for liquid

metering. Clamp-on ultrasonic flow meters are suitable for use on all
DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

piping materials and on glass-lined pipes. Measurements on PTFE
or rubber lined piping is not possible.
6. Multipath flow meters should be considered if a high accuracy is

required or if the straight length requirements cannot be met for a
single path meter. The supplier of the ultrasonic flow meter shall be
consulted in these cases.
1. Ultrasonic flow meters can be installed at any point in the pipe run.
However, locations having high noise, such as cavitating or noisy
control valves, should be avoided. The meter shall not be installed
directly downstream of sources of aeration, such as cavitating
pumps, throttling valves or an aerating mixing tank.
2. Care shall be taken if an ultrasonic flow meter and a low noise

control valve are installed in the same pipe. Certain high
frequencies produced by a low noise control valve may interfere with
the measuring signals of the ultrasonic flow meter. A special
silencer may have to be installed between the meter and this type of
control valve. This silencer will filter out the high frequency signal
produced by the low noise valve, which interferes with the signal
produced by the ultrasonic flow meter. If sufficient distance is
available between the flow meter and the low noise valve, this
special silencer may not be necessary.
3. Upstream and downstream straight lengths shall be as specified by

the supplier.
4. If a clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter is used, it shall be safeguarded

against shifting of the sensors. A rigid sensor mounting construction
shall be used and the sonic coupling compound shall be selected in
accordance with the pipe wall temperature. The pipe surface shall
be smoothened prior to installation of the sensors. On horizontal
process lines the longitudinal axis of sensors shall be in the
horizontal plane. If clamp-on meters are installed on existing pipe
runs, measurements will be inaccurate if scaling or deposits are
present on the inner wall of the pipe.
3.5 CORIOLIS MASS FLOW METERS
3.5.1 Selection of Coriolis mass flow meters
The following shall be considered in the selection of Coriolis mass flow

meters:

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

1. The type of process fluid and also the other components that are
present are important factors in the selection of the material of the
metering tube. The tubes are available in a variety of materials,
including stainless steel 316/304, Hastelloy, Inconel, Monel,
Titanium and Tantalum.
2. The pressure drop across the meter under normal and abnormal
conditions is an important factor in the selection of Coriolis mass
flow meters. Care shall be taken to ensure that cavitation does not
occur under any process condition, as this will seriously damage the
meter.
3. Certain types of Coriolis mass flow meters are also suitable for gas
applications. Typically, a minimum gas density of 4.5 kg/m3 is
required. For all gas applications, the supplier shall be consulted to
confirm suitability.
4. Avoid the use of Coriolis mass flow meters in two-phase fluids. The
presence of a small amount of gas will create erratic
measurements.
1. Coriolis mass flow meters can be mounted in any position, although

sometimes it may be preferred to install the meter tube as self-
draining.
2. There are no straight length requirements for Coriolis mass flow

meters.
3. A downstream shut-off valve should be installed to ensure actual

zero flow before setting the meter's primary zero.
4. The flow meter shall be properly supported as specified by the

supplier. The meter shall be installed stress free in the pipe work.
5. To avoid corrosion, hermetically sealed sensors should be used in

humid or saliferous climates.
3.6 VARIABLE AREA FLOW METERS
The use of "variable area" flow meters, often called "rotameters", shall be
restricted to simple applications such as measurement of purge, bubble-type level
measurements, cooling or sealing fluids, or in sample conditioning systems for
analysers.
Variable area flow meters shall be of the all-metal type.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
3.7 TURBINE METERS
Turbine meters shall have flanged connections and the body material shall be
carbon steel with stainless steel internals, unless the application requires other
materials as specified by the Principal.
On non-lubricating services the turbine meter bearings shall be specially

hardened, e.g. tungsten carbide. Bearing dimensions shall be such that a
permanent liquid film is maintained (e.g. by having a longer axis and/or a larger
diameter). For these applications Coriolis mass flow meters, which have better
performance and rangeability, should be selected.
Precautions shall be taken to prevent turbine meters from over-ranging and

suffering from hydraulic shock.
Turbine meters for custody transfer shall have two pick-up coils for use with an
electronic pulse integrity input circuit in the read-out system. All turbine meters
shall have signal amplifiers mounted close to the meter. Turbine meter systems
for liquid custody transfer shall be designed and installed in accordance with the
API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards.
Flow straighteners shall be used with turbine meters if specified by the vendor to
meet the required flow meter performance.
3.8 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT METERS
Positive displacement meters (PD meters) shall have flanged connections. The
body material shall be carbon steel unless the application requires other materials
as specified by the Principal.
PD meters shall not be selected for use with non-lubricating liquids such as LPG.
Flow limiting devices shall be considered to prevent over-ranging of PD meters.
Certain types of PD meters have their maximum capacity limited not only by flow
but also by the maximum allowable pressure drop across the meter. Consideration
should be given to limiting the maximum pressure drop, especially when the meter
is used with liquids having a high viscosity when starting from cold.
PD meters shall have a direct-coupled pulse generator and shall be provided with
signal amplifiers mounted close to the meter. If used for toxic products, the meters
shall have magnetic couplings to counters.
The meters shall be protected against damage due to hydraulic shock, e.g.
caused by the quick opening and closing of valves.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

Where only a local indication is required, mechanically-coupled single (ticket)
counters may be used. The use of multiple (ticket) counters shall be avoided.
3.9 ACCESSORIES
3.9.1 Strainers
Strainers shall be provided immediately upstream of all PD meters and

upstream of the flow straighteners or upstream of the minimum straight
length of piping for turbine meters. In the clean condition, the strainer
shall have a pressure drop of not more than 0.2 bar, and in a dirty
condition the strainer internals shall be capable of withstanding a
pressure drop of at least 3 bar.
The strainer enclosure shall be of the quick-opening type with valve vent
and drain connections. The strainer shall have replaceable stainless steel
inserts.
The mesh size for the screen shall be as recommended by the meter
supplier.
3.9.2 Gas eliminators
For liquid applications, turbine meters and PD meters should have gas
eliminating facilities upstream of the meters. For heavy products, this
may be achieved by a vent valve on the strainer, venting being done
manually from time to time. Automatic gas eliminators shall be provided
where the separation of entrained air or other gases can be expected
more frequently. They should be of the tangential type.
In addition to the automatic vent valve, the gas eliminator shall have
facilities for manual draining and venting. The float operation of the
automatic vent valve shall be capable of opening this valve at the
maximum allowable operating pressure of the gas eliminator, as proved
by testing or by a design calculation.
3.9.3 Flow limiters
Flow limiters shall be specified where meters are liable to damage by

over speeding or where meter accuracy would be seriously affected by
over-ranging due to excess pump capacity.
3.9.4 Flow straighteners
Flow straighteners should be considered for reducing the required

upstream straight length for turbine meters, especially where strong
swirls are expected.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
NOTE: Flow straighteners should not be installed in the upstream

piping of differential pressure-type flow meters, e.g. orifice plates or
Venturi tubes, unless agreed by the Principal.
3.10 MISCELLANEOUS FLOW METER
If none of the flow meter described above will satisfy the requirements of a specific
application, other types of instruments may be supplied if approved in writing by
QP.
4.0 LEVEL INSTRUMENTS
Level instruments shall be of an external design and maintainable on-line.

Process connection shall be flanged to ANSI standards.
All level measurements on live hydrocarbon service shall be provided with

integral double block and bleed isolation valves. All drains shall run in ½ inch
OD instrument tubing.
External level instrument cages shall be fitted with plugged vent valve, plugged
fill valve and test connection.
4.1 SELECTION OF LEVEL INSTRUMENTS
1. The process normal, abnormal and start-up conditions, required accuracy,

purpose of the measurement and physical properties of the fluid shall be
considered in the selection of level instruments.
2. Purging or heating should be considered to ensure proper operation of level

instruments for highly viscous liquids and for liquids containing water or
solids, especially if the latter tend to form sediments.
3. For instruments in high-pressure or high temperature service, the difference

in density between liquid and vapour during normal operation is usually
smaller than during plant commissioning. In such cases, to obtain
satisfactory measurements of the actual level under all operating conditions,
consideration should be given to correcting the level transmitter output in the
DCS or by employing a computing device using the output of the pressure
transmitter.
4. For proper level measurements with externally mounted instruments (such as

side mounted displacer type instruments), the liquid in the level chamber
shall be kept at the process temperature.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

5. For all applications, the difference between liquid density and gas/vapour
density should be taken into account when specifying displacer instruments
or calculating the range for differential-pressure instruments.
6. For liquid / liquid interface service, special attention shall be paid to the
diameter of the displacer or float to achieve a satisfactory sensitivity,
especially when the difference in densities is small.
7. For special applications, such as highly viscous, waxy process fluids, fouling
services, and emulsive interface levels where the above measuring
techniques cannot provide accurate measurements or where intensive
maintenance is needed to ensure accurate level measurement, other
measurement principles shall be considered. These techniques include
ultrasonic, capacitance, admittance, radar, microwave, radioactive, laser or
bubble. Such applications require the agreement of the Principal.
4.2 DIFFERENTIAL-PRESSURE LEVEL INSTRUMENTS
4.2.1 Selection of reference legs
For the measurement of liquid level in vessels in which the vapour space
is truly at the ambient atmospheric pressure, the low-pressure connection
of the instrument can be left open to atmosphere.
In all other cases, the low-pressure connection shall be connected to the

vapour space by means of a reference leg. Depending on the
arrangement, this reference leg is "dry" (filled with gas) or "wet" (filled
with a liquid).
A dry reference leg can be used where:
• external gas purging is allowed and a reliable source of suitable non-

condensing purge gas of sufficient pressure is available (purging
through the dry leg).
• self-purging occurs in vessels, which are always at temperatures

below ambient temperature and contain liquids, which will still
evaporate under the operating pressure at the lowest ambient
temperature.
A wet reference leg shall be used where:
• the reference leg will fill with the process liquid when it condenses
under operating pressure at the highest ambient temperature.
Two options are available for filling the wet reference leg:

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
• the process liquid: This method should be applied if the process

liquid is non-viscous, non-corrosive and non-toxic and is self-
condensing at the highest ambient temperature.
• a sealing liquid: This method shall be applied in all other applications

with viscous, corrosive and/or toxic liquids.
4.2.2 Instrument ranges, elevation and suppression
The instrument range and, where applicable, the range suppression or

range elevation depends on the physical dimensions of the installation
and the densities of the various fluids.
The required measuring range will normally be equal to the distance

between the instrument process connections, but may be smaller. The
required scale zero reading may not coincide with the location of the
lower process connection.
If a dry reference leg is used, the range elevation is only required if the
minimum level to be measured is higher than the lower connection and/or
if the instrument centre is below the lower connection of the vessel.
If a wet reference leg is used, the range suppression shall take into
account the static heads of the liquid in the reference leg on the low-
pressure side and of the liquid between the minimum level and the
instrument centre on the high-pressure side.
The required instrument range and range elevation or suppression shall

be specified in mbar.
4.3 DISPLACER LEVEL INSTRUMENTS
Displacer level instruments shall normally be mounted on external displacer

chambers. Internal mounting in equipment may only be employed for simple
applications such as in storage tanks and process vessels at atmospheric
pressure.
Ranges for displacer instruments shall be 356 mm (14”), 813 mm (32”) or 1219
mm (60”).
All displacer instruments shall be specified with left-hand or right-hand mounting of

the instrument with respect to the mechanism chamber, depending on the relative
position of process vessel and displacer chamber, access from platforms, etc.
All displacer instruments shall be specified for top mounting on a side-mounted

displacer chamber, with a DN 100 flanged connection and with a rating in
accordance with the appropriate piping class. For flange surface finish, see (3.5).
DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
For instruments with internal vessel mounting of the displacer tube, the hanger
extension length shall be as required by the application and specified by the
Principal.
Materials of pressure-containing parts shall be compatible with the piping class.
For high temperature as well as low temperature and cryogenic services, torque
tube heat insulation extensions or torque tube extensions shall be applied. The
instrument supplier shall be consulted for details.
4.4 RADAR TYPE LEVEL INSTRUMENTS
Measuring principle shall be micro power impulse radar with Time Domain
Reflectometry (TDR) with co-axial/twin rod probes guided wave radar transmitters.
Flanged connections shall be to ANSI B 16.5. Probe-sealing material shall be of

PTFE and probe material shall be as per wetted material criteria.
Electronic transmitters shall be integral with twin rod probes for normal application
less than 200°C and remote for high temperature applications.
4.5 CAPACITANCE LEVEL PROBES
Capacitance-type level probes may be employed for the following applications:

1. Liquids with varying density
2. Level switches
3. Corrosive services
For liquids services, which tend to foul an admittance probe should be considered.
4.6 LEVEL SWITCHES
All level switch applications shall utilise differential –pressure type level
transmitter.
4.7 LEVEL GAUGES
4.7.1 Level gauge types
4.7.1.1 Plate-type level gauges
This type of level gauge is the one most commonly required by the piping
classes. They are restricted to ANSI 150, 300 and 600 pressure ratings
and the design temperature shall not exceed 265 ºC. Reflex type level
gauges without lighting shall be used wherever possible. Through vision
type level gauges in combination with lighting shall only be used for

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

adhesive liquids, which will give unclear readings on reflex type level
gauges.
4.7.1.2 Bull’s-eye-type level gauges are restricted to the ANSI 900 and 1500
pressure ratings and shall be used in steam services.
4.7.1.3 Magnetic-type level gauges are restricted to the ANSI 150, 300, 600 and
900 pressure ratings and shall be of the magnetic-coupled level indicator
type. Each level gauge shall have DN 20 flanged vent and drain
connection and shall be used in very toxic services.
4.7.2 Mounting of external level gauges
The position of a level gauge shall allow reading from ground level,
platforms or ladders.
When the visible level range in a gauge is continued in a second

(staggered) level gauge, or the level is used to check another level
instrument, both levels shall be readable from the same location.
Ample clearance shall be provided when illuminators are to be installed on

level gauges.
Level gauge nozzles shall be located to prevent impingement by process

streams.
Flange pairs of level gauges shall be in line and vertically above each
other to ensure a truly vertical position.
Plate bull’s-eye and magnetic-type level gauges have standard centre-to-

centre nozzle distances of 450, 840 and 1230 mm.
If the required level range is too large for a single gauge, multiple level
gauges shall be used, with the connection nozzles staggered for a
visibility overlap of at least 25 mm.
Non-frosting level gauges shall be used for low-temperature (<0ºC)

service.
5.0 PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS
5.1 PRESSURE GAUGES
General purpose Bourdon tube type pressure gauges should be specified. Where
general purpose pressure gauges are not suitable due to corrosion, plugging, etc.,
pressure gauges with a diaphragm seal shall be used.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

For environmental and maintenance reasons, oil-filled pressure gauges shall be
avoided and may only be used with the approval of the Principal. Pressure gauges
shall have a nominal diameter of 100 mm unless otherwise specified by the
Principal.
Pressure gauge ranges shall be selected from the following series such that the
operating pressure is between 50 to 75% of scale and the design pressure (relief
valve set pressure) should not exceed the range:
1. For pressures above atmospheric pressure:

2.5, 6, 10, 25, 60, 100, 250, 600, 1000 bar.
2. For vacuum services:

to 0 bar
3. For combined pressure/vacuum services:

-1/0/3, -1/0/5, -1/0/9 bar
5.2 OTHER PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS
Direct-mounted pressure switches shall only be considered for fire detection

systems (for detection of melting of plastic fire tubing), failure detection of
mechanical pump seals and for rupture discs when used in conjunction with relief
valves. For all other pressure measurements, electronic “SMART” transmitters
shall be used, switching in either the DCS or in the IPS.
The ranges for pressure instruments should be selected from the series as given
for pressure gauges (5.1), but where narrow-span instruments are required the
range shall cover the minimum and maximum values as specified in the
instrument engineering data sheets.
For measurement of absolute pressure, the instrument shall have an absolute

vacuum reference chamber.
Transmitter for pressure, absolute pressure and differential pressure shall be

“Smart” type.
6.0 TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS
6.1 GENERAL
Filled thermal systems shall not be used.
For remote temperature indication resistance elements (8.4) shall be used. For
temperatures above 200ºC, thermo couples shall be used.
The temperature sensors, except skin-mounted elements, shall be installed inside

thermowells with sufficient length for ensuring that the part of the well containing

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

the sensitive part of the element is always fully immersed in the fluid to be
measured; Diameter of sensors shall be 6 mm OD.
Thermowells shall be flanged 1.5” with 6.5 mm bore and ½” NPT female
connection for the temperature element.
Temperature points shall never be installed directly downstream of flashing or

cavitating valves, due to the risk of breakage as a result of excessive vibration.
Screwed thermowells shall not be applied.
For the measurement of a fluid temperature below 0 °C, the length of the head
extension shall suit the insulation thickness, and the head shall extend at least 200
mm outside the insulation.
Where the application of a thermowell is not practical, thermocouples and

resistance elements may be located on the surface ("skin") of pipes or vessels.
The measuring location shall be adequately insulated, irrespective of the operating
temperature.
The use of optical pyrometers should be considered for monitoring furnace tubes
at very high temperatures.
6.2 DIAL THERMOMETERS
Local temperature indication should be installed at locations where operator

actions are needed, otherwise just a temperature point (plugged-off thermowell)
will suffice.
For local indication of temperatures up to 400 °C, bi-metal thermometers shall be

used (size 100 mm diameter. For reasons of variety control, dial thermometers of
the "every-angle" type should be used, instead of the fixed axial and co-axial
types.
6.3 THERMOCOUPLES
Thermocouples shall be of the mineral-insulated metal-sheathed type, with the

measuring junction free from earth. They shall be 6mm diameter. Reference
tables for thermo-electric voltage in relation to temperature are based upon
IEC 60 584-1.
Thermocouples for standard applications shall be selected from the following

types:
Thermocouple tolerance classes shall be in accordance with IEC 60 584-2.
For thermocouple type letter designations, refer to IEC 60 584-1.
The use of "duplex" thermocouples shall be avoided.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
6.4 RESISTANCE ELEMENTS
Resistance elements should only be used for temperatures up to 200 °C.
Resistance elements shall normally be of the platinum type Pt 100 (100 ohm at 0
°C), tolerance class A, using the 3-wire system.
Tolerance classes and relation between resistance and temperature shall be in

accordance with IEC 60 751. Resistance elements with a 4-wire system shall be
used for applications where high accuracy is required, such as temperature
compensation for custody transfer measurements, for narrow span applications
and for differential temperature measurements.
Resistance elements shall not be used in vibrating services.
6.5 INSTRUMENTS FOR THERMOCOUPLE AND RESISTANCE ELEMENTS
Instruments connected to thermocouples shall have automatic compensation for

temperature variations at the cold junction. Field-mounted temperature
transmitters shall be used, with a preference for the programmable or smart types.
Transmitters for thermocouples and for resistance elements should be mounted

directly on the measuring element, except for high temperature services where
heat may affect the performance of the electronics and vibrating services. This
temperature limitation depends upon the type and make of the transmitter.
For maintenance reasons, head-mounted transmitters should not be used on skin

temperature elements. These transmitters should be mounted in a separate
junction box.
Linearisation shall take place at the local transmitter. The transmitter output signal
shall be linear with the measured temperature.
All temperature transmitters shall have a galvanic separation between the sensor
element and the output amplifier.
Thermocouple or resistance element instruments which form part of ESD loops or

temperature control systems shall have a feature which drives the instrument in
the direction which will cause a change to the operationally safest value (e.g. in
case of thermocouple burn out, wire break, short circuit etc.).
7.0 ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS

Where measurement of electrical parameters such as AC, voltage, power
consumption or temperatures in electrical equipment are required in the control
room for protective functions, signal converters shall be installed in the electrical
switch house to provide potential free on/off signals for the IPS.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

These converters shall be capable of preventing damage to the main plant
instrumentation in case of an insulation failure in the electrical equipment.
8.0 SPEED INSTRUMENTS

Speed-measuring instruments are usually supplied as part of the rotating
equipment.
On critical and variable speed rotating equipment, the speed measurement should
have a separate channel in the machine monitoring system.
For equipment such as forced-draught fans of boilers or furnaces, where the
speed instruments are not supplied as part of the equipment, their make and type
shall be as specified by the Principal.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
9.0 MACHINE MONITORING
9.1 GENERAL
For monitoring the vibration and shaft position of rotating equipment, the probes
and oscillator/demodulators are usually supplied with the equipment. The make
and type of these items shall therefore be agreed upon at an early stage of the
project, to ensure compatibility with this permanent monitoring system and the
portable test equipment used by the Principal.
This section is based on the usual situation where each measured value (axial
shaft position or radial vibration) will have independent probes and
oscillator/demodulators, hereafter called "channels".
9.2 MONITORS
Where permanent machine monitoring is required, the monitors:

• shall be in accordance with API 670 (unless otherwise stated below);
• shall be suitable for an electricity supply of 24 V(dc), floating;
• shall be suitable for mounting in standard 483 mm (19 inch) racks;
• shall be installed in system cabinet(s) for machine protection in the respective
auxiliary room or control cubicle;
• shall include all functions for machine monitoring as specified and.
9.3 MONITORING FUNCTIONS
Where axial shaft position is monitored, this will normally be used for alarm
annunciation and for machine protection.
These monitors shall be of the dual-channel input type with a selector switch
enabling a shutdown initiation by either channel alone or by both channels
together when reaching the set point(s), i.e. a 'dual voting' monitor.
NOTE: During normal operation, the selector switch shall be in the dual-voting
position where both channels are required for initiating a shutdown. If one channel
becomes inoperative, the remaining healthy channel shall be selected for the
shutdown.
The monitors shall not have a shutdown override switch (shutdown by-pass).
NOTE: This deviates from the specifications in API 670. Where a shutdown
override is required, this shall be incorporated in the (downstream) IPS.
Where radial vibration is monitored (mainly for alarm purposes), the monitors may
be of the single-channel or dual-channel type.
DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
The key-phaser channel, if present, does not need a permanent monitor. This
signal shall be available on a test socket for orbit analysis, etc.
9.4 MONITOR DISPLAY
The display should comprise:
a) alarm annunciation (visible and audible) for:
• circuit fault monitoring for each system;

• a pre-alarm (alert) and trip alarm (danger) for both shaft position channels
per casing;
• a common pre-alarm (alert) and a common trip alarm (danger) for all
vibration channels per casing;
b) indicators for each monitored channel.
Each monitor shall be provided with potential-free contacts for external alarms and
a 4 to 20 mA auxiliary output or a serial communication link for remote monitoring.
If indicated in the PEFS, the display on the local panel (near the rotating
equipment) should comprise:
a) pre-alarms (alert) and trip alarms (danger) as specified above for the main
panel;
b) indicators for each shaft position and radial vibration channel.
10.0 FIRE AND GAS DETECTION
Shall be as per QP Corporate Philosophy for Fire & Safety QP-PHL-S-001.
11.0 VALVE SELECTION
All valve selection and applications shall be in accordance with QP Engineering

Standard ES.5.06.0014 entitled Guide to Valve Selection.
Valves shall be in accordance with Instrument Data Sheet, Valve Data Sheet and
shall also comply with the requirements of Piping and Valves Material
specification.
Only during shutdown, blowdown or upset condition may the noise level generated
exceed 85 dBA at 1 meter from the valve. Under no circumstances shall the noise
level exceed 120 dBA irrespective of duration.
11.1 SHUTDOWN AND BLOWDOWN VALVES

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

All shutdown and blowdown valves shall be supplied as a fully assembled unit
complete with actuator and accessories like combined position indicator and
open/close position switches (proximity type)
Ancillaries such as solenoid operated valves, manual reset latch, filters regulators,
speed controllers and the like shall be installed inside a GRP junction box readily
accessible from a single location 1400 mm. Above ground.
All shutdown and blowdown valves shall be reset manually at the field prior to re-
activation to service.
Pneumatic actuators shall be of failsafe, spring return, piston type. All shutdown
and blowdown valves shall be certified fire-safe to API 6FA or API 607.
Shutdown or blowdown valve shall be provided with pneumatic and electrical

circuit to allow partial stroking of each valve locally or remotely from the control
room. Automatic partial stroking shall be conducted by the ESD system and
monitored via DCS operator workstation.
Shutdown or blowdown valve closing speed shall be better than 1 second per inch
of line size diameter.
All accessories including filter regulators, etc. shall be of 316 L stainless steel
constructions or aluminium with epoxy powder coating.
Each blowdown valve shall have downstream manual block valves with bleed
valves.
Handwheel is NOT permitted on shutdown or blowdown valves
11.2 MOTOR OPERATED VALVES (MOV)
Isolation valves, for equipment, which require regular access and where the total
energy required to open or close the valve is large, shall be fitted with locally
operated motor operators.
Motor Operated Valves shall be supplied with motor, gearbox and handwheel and
shall be complete with integral control unit, motor starter, control gear and selector
switch for local-off-remote and spring-return rotary knob switch for open/close and
emergency stop pushbutton.
Valve position switch for the indication of valve position either in the fully open or
fully closed position shall be provided. Illuminated position indication shall be
provided locally.
All MOV shall be provided with remote control capability to be opened & closed
from the DSC via direct digital looped to a maximum of five units per closed loop.
DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
Electric motor actuators shall be suitable for use with a normal 415 volts, 3 phase,
50 HZ power supply and the hazardous area classification.
11.3 WELLHEAD CHOKE VALVES
Wellhead choke valves shall be pneumatically actuated using pneumatic actuator

with declutchable hand wheel override.
Each wellhead choke valve should have trim capacity to fit the maximum flowing
condition. Mechanical limit stop to prevent the well being overproduced shall NOT
be utilised.
Wells containing sand and for noise control; multi-stage, multi-path, velocity
control trim with solid tungsten carbide stack, plug and seat ring shall be utilised.
Tungsten carbide trip design shall be certified to take impact load of 420 joules.
Wellhead choke valves shall be directly flanged onto the X-mas trees.
Wellhead choke valves shall be speed limited such that they cannot be opened a
maximum production in less than 1 hour.
Smart positioner of 4-20 ma transmitter shall be provided for remote monitoring of

choke valve status.
Fixed beam chokes are required in addition to adjustable chokes only if high high
flow alarms are not provided.
11.4 CONTROL VALVE
Control valves shall be pre-assembled with actuators, transducers, solenoids, limit

switches and position indicators, boosters, speed controls, locks etc. as required.
Actuation medium shall be instrument air. Hydraulic fluid may replace instrument
air, as actuation medium if minimum pressure needed is higher than 100 psig.
All actuators shall be low volume double acting piston to provide the necessary
stiffness for control. Valves sizes DN 50 and below may use spring diaphragm
actuators.
Control valve shall NOT be used for any shutdown or blowdown application.
Control valves shutoff class, as a minimum, shall be Class IV.
On venting applications where the valve is closed most of the time, control valves
shall be class V or class VI leakage per ANSI 16.104, and in very critical
applications where leakage is not allowed, control valves shall have MSS SP 61
leakage classification
DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
High speed valves shall be fitted with stop plates at the top of the plug. Valves
shall be designed to stop at the bonnet for safety reasons. Limit stops in the
actuator assembly shall be avoided.
Anti-surge control valve shall be suited for its service and shall be high
performance, quick response having a linear flow characteristics and be sized to
have a rated Cv of 1.8 to 2.2 times the calculated Cv at normal flow to prevent
surge.
Control valves that requires faster speed of response shall be properly calculated
and when necessary aided with boosters and quick exhaust valves.
Hybrid analogue/digital positioner shall be 4 to 20 mA with a superimposed digital

data signal using HART protocol.
11.4.1 Control Valve Selection
Valve selection shall be based on the following criteria:
• Operating and design conditions;

• Operating range;
• Fluid handled;
• Leakage class (min. Class IV and Class VI for tight-shut-off);
• Allowable noise level;
• Rangeability required
Multi-path, multi-stage trim design that reduces velocity and energy shall
be considered for unusual application such as highly erosive stream for
noise and cavitation control.
11.4.2 Noise
Only during shutdown or extreme upset conditions may noise levels

exceed 85 dBA. Under no circumstances shall noise levels exceed 120
dBA irrespective of duration.
This noise shall be based on a bare pipe without any considerations for
thermal and acoustic insulation. Noise calculation shall be provided with
plus zero tolerance. Noise calculation shall be based on the latest edition
of IEC 60534-8-3 standard.
Upstream and downstream silencers, diffusers, and any downstream

devices shall not be used for noise control, as these devices are not
effective at low flow rates.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

Special noise-control trim to control velocity and energy shall be
considered for valves with a calculated noise level above 85 dBA at 1
meter. Trim outlet velocity and energy calculations shall be provided.
11.4.3 Valve Sizing
Valves shall be sized in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommendations. Otherwise, valve sizing shall be in accordance with
ISA 75.01, Flow Equation for Sizing Control Valve or ISA 75.02, Control
Valve Capacity Test Procedure.
Control valves shall be furnished with stem travel indicators with scales.
For liquid service, the trim outlet velocity shall not exceed 100 feet per
second. For gas and vapour service, the trim outlet velocity head shall
not exceed 79 psig.
Butterfly valves shall be sized for maximum angle opening of 60 degrees.
Control valve with equal percentage characteristics shall be sized to

operate a approximately 75 percent travel under design flow conditions
and less than 95 percent travel under maximum flow conditions.
In cases where high rangeability (design minimum flow occurs at less

than 20 percent of valve travel), or where high capacity is required, trims
shall be characterized in order to avoid two valves in parallel.
Where valves are controlled via split ranging it shall be conducted by

DCS and each valve shall receive a full 4-20 mA signal.
The Supplier shall calculate and record on the data sheet the minimum,
normal and maximum required Cv.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
11.4.4 Valve Actuators
Actuators shall be adequately sized to stroke the valve based on the line
rating at the differential pressure to which the valve will be exposed.
Valve actuators shall be air operated, low volume, double acting piston.
For valve sizes DN 50 and below actuator can be of the spring return
diaphragm type.
For anti-surge applications, actuators stroking speed shall be one (1)

second or less opening time on trip and two seconds opening time
modulating.
Hydraulically operated actuators, if & when required shall be subject to

QP written approval.
All actuator internals shall have a special protective plating/coating to

prevent corrosion.
11.4.5 Valve Construction
PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION
The minimum pressure ratings for carbon steel or alloy valves shall be in
accordance with ANSI B16.5, Pipe flanges and Flange Fittings given in
the Piping Material Specifications.
The minimum ANSI flange rating classes for valves shall be 300 lbs.
BODY
Materials for valve bodies shall be in accordance with Piping Classes,

Material and Valves Specification.
The minimum valve body size for hydrocarbon services shall be DN 25.
The minimum body size for air or water services shall be DN 20. Body
sizes smaller than DN 20 may use pressure regulator. Subject to QP
written approval.
BODY TESTS
Test pressure for valve bodies shall be in accordance with the rating
defined in ANSI B16.5.
Operational tests shall consist of measuring valve stem position for

increasing and decreasing input signals. Performance shall meet the
following requirements:

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
• System position error shall not exceed plus or minus 1% of rated

travel;
• Hysteresis plus deadband shall not exceed 5 percent of rated travel.
FACE-TO-FACE DIMENSIONS
The face-to-face dimensions of globe style control valves with integral

flanges shall be in accordance with ANSI B 16.10.
The face-to-face dimensions of flangeless control valve bodies shall be in

accordance with ISA S75.04, Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flangeless
Control Valves.
TRIM
Standard trim (plug, seat rings, valve plug stems, stem lock pins, packing
springs, spacers, and packing followers) shall be fabricated as a
minimum from 316 L stainless steel, unless stated otherwise by wetted
material criterion.
Trim for the following services shall be multi-path, multi-stage, velocity

control type:
• Flushing liquids;
• Fluids containing solids;
• Pressure drops above 300 psig;
• Services above 600 deg F(316oC) unless a higher grade material is
required;
• Cavitating Liquid;
• Anti-surge valve;
• Vent valve
Valve stems shall be finished to four micro-inches, root mean square

(RMS). If the valve packing is of the semi-metallic type, the valve stem
shall be hard-chrome plated.
GUIDE BUSHINGS
Guide bushings hall be manufacturers standard design as long as it is

compatible with the process fluid.
PACKING GLANDS
Packing glands shall be equipped with flange-style gland followers

secured by two bolts.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

Bolts shall comply with the Piping Classes, Material and Valve
Specifications as per Piping Specifications or valve manufacturer’s
recommendations subject to QP approval.
BODY CONNECTIONS
Flangeless valves (ball or butterfly valves which must be installed

between process piping flanges with exposed bolts) are NOT acceptable,
even when metal shields are installed around the bolts.
One-inch valves and larger shall have flanged connections as required by

Piping Material Specifications.
The flanges shall conform to ANSI B16.5.
HANDWHEEL
Handwheel shall be provided if manual operation of valve is required.
Handwheel shall be side mounted, and shall be disengaged during

normal operation of the valve.
Handwheel shall be sized so that the rim pull does not exceed 60 pounds
force.
LUBRICATORS
All control valves with non – PTFE stem packing shall have lubricators
and steel isolating valves.
Lubricators shall be charged with a suitable lubricant. A spare box of

refills shall be provided for each valve.
Bellows seal bonnets are not allowed on modulating control valves.
11.4.6 Valve Accessories
Bug screens shall be installed on the exhaust ports of all pneumatic

instruments.
Pneumatic instruments shall be supplied with filter-regulator assemblies.
Accessories to be installed on the control valve shall be mounted and

piped with seamless 316L stainless steel tubing.
In order to standardise hardware, all control valves receiving electronic

signals shall be fitted with Smart positioner unless QP approves
otherwise.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

Valve positioner shall be mounted on the actuator and furnished with a
gauge to indicate each of the following:
• Supply pressure;
• Controller input signal;
• Positioner output signal;
• Valve positioner for all services shall be calibrated for a input of 4-20
mA DC signal;
• Valve positioner and booster cases shall be of corrosion resistant
material.
For special applications e.g. anti-surge, great care shall be exercised in

designing control scheme with respect to linkages, positioner, boosters
tubing sizes, etc. Performance requires very fast, linear, minimal
hysteresis; speed approximately same in both directions and no hunting
etc. These speeds shall be one (1) second opening on trip and two (2)
second opening modulation or shall follow specialist recommendations.
A booster shall be discouraged and only provided with prior QP approval.
If required, solenoid valves shall be furnished for mounting separately

from the control valve. On control valves with intelligent positioner,
solenoid valves shall be installed in the tubing between the positioner
output and the valve actuator, and shall be mounted on the control valve
yoke.
Pneumatic pilot valves shall be mounted and piped to the actuator.
Control valve position and/or limit switches shall be proximity type.
Limit switches shall be manufacture of Type 316L stainless steel.
Limit switches shall be snap acting and have the minimum form of two
single-pole, single-throw (SPST) contacts rated 24 VDC, 1.0 amp.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
11.4.7 Globe Valves
Globe valves shall be singled seated. Single seated valves may be either
top or cage guided.
Normally closed valves that control pressures and levels (such as for
flares and dumps) shall have single port trim for positive shutoff. Ö”ring
seals in the seat ring or plug are NOT acceptable for positive shutoff.
11.4.8 Butterfly Valves
Butterfly valves generally shall be lined sized
Butterfly valves may be supplied if the pressure drop is five psig or less.
Butterfly valves shall have a minimum ANSI rating class of 300 LB in

accordance with ANSI B16.5.
The disc of a butterfly valve shall be double pinned to a solid shaft.
The shaft of a butterfly valve shall be sealed at both ends and supported
with external bearings.
If tight shutoff is necessary, the disc of a butterfly valve shall be

eccentrically mounted.
Butterfly valves that have been modified by having holes cut in the wafers
or discs are NOT acceptable.
11.4.9 Relief Valves
All safety relief valve selection and applications shall be in accordance

with QP Engineering Standard ES.5.06.0013 entitled Safety Relief
Valves.
All relief valves shall comply with the referenced codes and standards
including API 520/521.
Only during shutdown, blowdown or upset condition may the noise level
generated exceed 85 dBA at 1 meter from the valve. Under no
circumstances shall the noise level exceed 120 dBA irrespective of
duration.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
11.5 REGULATORS
Special consideration shall be given to the ratings of the downstream section of

regulators with respect to the maximum upstream shut in pressure based on the
assumption that the regulators will leak.
Self-contained regulators shall be considered for services such as starting gas or

air, blanket gas, individual engine fuel-gas, and other applications with the
following characteristics:
The set point is changed infrequently;
Proportional only control is not an impediment to effective process control;
Remote control of the valve is not necessary;
The application is at a remote location where air is not available for control valve
operation.
11.6 PNEUMATIC PILOT VALVES
The pneumatic pilot valves function as pilot devices only. The pilot valves shall
NOT control process flow.
11.7 SOLENOID VALVES
Solenoid valve shall function as pilot device only and shall NOT control process
flow.
Solenoid valve coil shall be rated for continuous duty in encapsulated high
temperature coils 180°C (350°F), Class H insulation and 316L stainless steel
bodies and trim.
Solenoid valve for intrinsically safe application shall be rated 12-28 VDC with
maximum power consumption of 3-6 watts and be used with approved galvanic
isolator.
Solenoid valves for shutdown and blowdown application shall be provided with
local manual reset mechanism and rated EEx”d”.
Solenoid valve seal materials shall be Nuna-N or Viton
Solenoid valve shall be direct acting type. Pilot operated or activated are NOT
acceptable.
11.8 PROXIMITY

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

Proximity switch shall be installed avoiding “distance-differential effect”to minimize
potential chattered output of inductive proximity switch. When multiple inductance
type proximity sensors are installed inductive mutual interference shall be avoided.
Micro switch are NOT allowed.
12.0 ANALYSER / MEASUREMENT / MONITOR
Analyser of compact design complete with large, backlit, graphical or digital

display, push-button keypads and serial communication via industry standard
Modbus protocol to DCS is preferred for monitoring and data logging purposes.
Analyser of microprocessor based, user-friendly selectable parameter

measurement complete with self diagnostic functionality for both system and
probe is acceptable unless stated otherwise.
Probes that are maintainable or retrievable on-line and has higher signal to noise
ratio are preferred.
12.1 MOISTURE ANALYSER
Moisture analyser should be capable of measuring from ambient to parts per

billion (ppb).
Probes shall be calibration traceable to NIST standard.
Industry standard twisted pair is preferred, special cabling from probe to analyser
is NOT acceptable without written approval from QP.
12.2 DEW POINT ANALYSER
Electronics of the analyser is preferably field mounted type.
Dewpoint analyser must include a comprehensive and effective sample

conditioning system, which ensures a representative sample and reliable or
accurate operation with minimum maintenance.
The sample conditioning system shall include a multi-stage filter coalescer,

enclosure temperature control, pressure regulation etc.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
12.3 POTABLE WATER ANALYSER
Potable water analyser is basically a multi-parameter analyser for conductivity,

salinity, PH and oxygen complete with temperature compensation to monitor the
quality of potable water supply giving alarms and reading to DCS.
Multiple configurable alarms capacity, polarisation detection and user-friendly

calibration functionality supporting wet and dry calibrations.
The measuring cell/sensor shall be either two or four electrode with integrated
RTD temperature sensor of Pt 100. The sensor type shall preferably be inductive
conductivity sensor with completely encapsulated sensor electronics.
12.4 SAND MONITOR
Clamp-on type sand monitor shall be installed at each production manifold, a non-
intrusive type and on-line maintainable either of ultrasonic or nucleonic monitoring.
12.5 CORROSION / EROSION MONITOR
Corrosion and erosion coupons shall be located at all points as indicated in the P
& ID’s where significant corrosion or erosion is anticipated.
Coupons shall be installed through on-line retrievable access fittings, with a

flanged line connection. Coupon retrieval and positioning tools shall be included.
On-line corrosion monitoring should be installed at points where accessibility

during scheduled maintenance is anticipated.
13.0 CONTROL ROOM INSTRUMENTS
13.1 GENERAL
This section applies to instruments on which the measured variables are displayed
in the control room by a Distributed Control System (DCS). Use of dedicated
(analogue) instruments, such as indicators, recorders and controllers, shall be
kept to a minimum and requires the approval of the Principal.
13.2 DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM
Monitoring and control functions shall be implemented in the control system (DCS)
with open architecture. All DCS modules necessary for control (process
manipulation), communication, man-machine interface and interface with other
sub-systems shall be implemented to achieve the system availability and mean
time between failure (MTBF) specified by the Principal. The extent of required
redundancy shall be determined in consultation with the Principal. This includes all
components in a control loop such as process variable inputs (may be multiple
DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

points for a cascade loop) and outputs. The non-controlled process variables may
be implemented with non-redundancy, resulting in a shorter MTBF. The DCS
consoles shall be the "single window" for the operators.
13.3 SAFEGUARDING SYSTEM (ESD, F & G, ETC.)
The safeguarding system shall be based on solid state/magnetic core technology

or microprocessor (PLC) technology. Although solid state/magnetic core and PLC
based systems are the preferred options, for certain applications relay based
systems may be selected with the approval of the Principal.
13.4 AUXILIARY INSTRUMENTS IN THE CONTROL ROOM
Auxiliary instruments in the control room, such as electronic modules of

instrument systems and sub-systems, intrinsically safe modules, signal
converters, etc. shall be of modular design and shall be suitable for mounting in
standard 483 mm (19 inch) racks.
13.5 MARSHALLING CABINETS IN THE CONTROL ROOM
The contractor shall engineer, design, and install the required marshalling
cabinets.
All field cables, except for the Fire & gas, shall be marshalled in marshalling
cabinets.
All incoming field cables shall be connected to separation terminals, from there
marshalling wiring to interface unit eg. trip amps/isolators and then marshalling
wiring to system cables terminal blocks. Connection between marshalling cabinets
and ESD and DCS cabinets will be by system cables.
The ESD and control signals shall house in separated cabinets.
14.0 CUSTODIANSHIP
The custodian of this Standard Document EFS.10.05.01 is ENF/4 who is

responsible for the accuracy and quality of its contents and future revisions.

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1
REVISION HISTORY LOG
Rev. Date Items Changes / Amendments Made

No. Revised
0 23/05/01 Issued for Comments
1 21/06/01 Issued for Implementation
Note :
The revision history log shall be updated with each revision of the document. It shall
contain a written audit trail of the reason why the changes/amendments have
occurred, what the changes/amendments were, and the date at which the
changes/amendments were made

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DESIGN BASIS FOR INSTRUMENTATION

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 5

2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................... 6

3.0 FIELD INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN & SELECTION REQUIREMENTS............ 13

Doc. File No: EFS.10.05.01R1 Page 2 of 49 Custodian : ENF/4

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

3.10 Miscellaneous Flow meter ................................................................................ 25

4.0 LEVEL INSTRUMENTS.......................................................................................... 25

5.0 PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS ................................................................................. 29

6.0 TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS .......................................................................... 30

7.0 ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS................................................................................ 32

8.0 SPEED INSTRUMENTS ......................................................................................... 33

9.0 MACHINE MONITORING ....................................................................................... 34

10.0 FIRE AND GAS DETECTION................................................................................. 35

11.0 VALVE SELECTION............................................................................................... 35

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

11.6 Pneumatic Pilot Valves ..................................................................................... 45

12.0 ANALYSER / MEASUREMENT / MONITOR.......................................................... 46

13.0 CONTROL ROOM INSTRUMENTS ....................................................................... 47

14.0 CUSTODIANSHIP .................................................................................................. 48

REVISION HISTORY LOG ..................................................................................... 49

Doc. File No: EFS.10.05.01R1 Page 4 of 49 Custodian : ENF/4

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

1.2.1 General Definitions

must The word ‘must’ is to be understood as mandatory.

DCS Distributed control system

Doc. File No: EFS.10.05.01R1 Page 5 of 49 Custodian : ENF/4

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

1.3 CODES AND STANDARDS

2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

To facilitate easy operation and better quality maintenance, standardisation of all

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONNECTIONS

The environmental data provided by QP under document EFS.00.08.03 shall be

2.2 SELECTION OF INSTRUMENTS

1. The process fluid properties, such as phase of flow, viscosity, corrosiveness,

2. Process, safety, electrical safety and mechanical integrity shall be

3. The required ranges and accuracy classes shall be selected as specified in

4. Calibration facilities, possible cross contamination of process fluids and the

5. Environmental conditions shall be taken into consideration in the selection of

6. Maintenance aspects such as access, ease of installation, calibration and

Doc. File No: EFS.10.05.01R1 Page 6 of 49 Custodian : ENF/4

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

2.3 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

The instrument ranges and scales shall be in SI units.

2.4 SELECTION OF RANGES

Elevated ranges shall be avoided, except for level measurements.

2.5 SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

Signal transmission for control, indicating and recording instruments shall be

"Smart" analogue communication should be considered between field transmitters

Foundation fieldbus also may be considered for non-critical open loops.

For 4 to 20 mA transmission, the supply voltage level should be a nominal 24 V

Doc. File No: EFS.10.05.01R1 Page 7 of 49 Custodian : ENF/4

DOC. No. EFS.10.05.01 Rev. 1

Trip transmitters shall be based on 4 to 20 mA signal transmissions.

2.6 ELECTRICAL SAFETY

In order to prevent electrical apparatus, including electronic process

2.6.2 Electrical certification on Hazardous Area

Intrinsically safe instrumentation utilising galvanic isolator achieved using

All instrumentation, as a minimum, classified suitable for Zone 2, Gas

2.6.3 Ingress Protection/weather proof

Field devices should have ingress protection of IP 65 as a minimum;

Control room operator consoles shall be tea or coffee spill proof,