Accelerator Concept

The multiplier and the accelerator are not rivals: they are parallel concepts.

While multiplier shows the effect of changes in investment on changes in income (and

employment), the accelerator shows the effect of a change in consumption on private

investment. “Since the production of any given amount of final output usually requires

an amount of capital several times larger than the output produced with it during any

short period (say a year) any increase in final demand will give rise to an additional

demand for capital goods several times larger than the new final demand.” The

Principle of Acceleration states that if the demand for consumption goods rises, there

will be an increase in the demand for the equipment, say machines, which produce these

goods. But the demand for the machines will increase at a faster rate than the increase

in demand for the product.

The accelerator, therefore, makes the level of investment a function of the rate

of change in consumption and not of the level of consumption. In other words, the

accelerator measures the changes in investment goods industries as a result of long-

term changes in demand in consumption goods industries.The idea underlying the

accelerator is of a functional relationship between the demand for consumption goods

and the demand for machines which make them.

The acceleration coefficient is the ratio between induced investments to a given

net change in consumption expenditures. v =∆//∆C

Symbolically where v stands for acceleration coefficient; ∆I denotes the net

changes in investment outlays; and ∆C denotes the net change in consumption outlays.

Suppose an additional expenditure of Rs. 10 crores on consumption goods leads to an

added investment of Rs. 20 crores in investment goods industries, then the accelerator

is 2. The actual value of the accelerator can be one or even less than that.

In actual world, however, increased expenditures on consumption goods always

lead to increased expenditures on capital goods. Hence acceleration coefficient is

usually greater than zero. Where a good deal of capital equipment is needed per unit of

output, the acceleration coefficient is very much more than unity. In exceptional cases,

the accelerator can be zero also. Sometimes it so happens that production of increased

consumer goods (as a result of a rise in their demand) does not lead to an increase in

the demand for capital equipment producing these goods.

Accessibility

Accessibility is the practice of making your websites usable by as many people

as possible. We traditionally think of this as being about people with disabilities, but

the practice of making sites accessible also benefits other groups such as those using

mobile devices, or those with slow network connections. You might also think of

accessibility as treating everyone the same, and giving them equal opportunities, no

matter what their ability or circumstances. Just as it is wrong to exclude someone from

a physical building because they are in a wheelchair (modern public buildings generally

have wheelchair ramps or elevators), it is also not right to exclude someone from a

website because they have a visual impairment. We are all different, but we are all

human, and therefore have the same human rights. Accessibility is the right thing to do.

Providing accessible sites is part of the law in some countries, which can open up some

significant markets that otherwise would not be able to use your services or buy your

products.
Accommodations

1: something supplied for convenience or to satisfy a need: such as a: lodging,

food, and services or traveling space and related services —usually used in plural tourist

accommodations on the boat overnight accommodations b: a public conveyance (such

as a train) that stops at all or nearly all points c: LOAN 2: the act of accommodating

someone or something : the state of being accommodated: such as a: the providing of

what is needed or desired for convenience changed his schedule for the accommodation

of his clients b: ADAPTATION, ADJUSTMENTan accommodation to temporary

conditions c: a reconciliation of differences : SETTLEMENTNegotiators felt that an

accommodation with the union was possible. d: the automatic adjustment of the eye for

seeing at different distances effected chiefly by changes in the convexity of the

crystalline lens also : the range over which such adjustment is possible

Acculturation

Acculturation, the processes of change in artifacts, customs, and beliefs that

result from the contact of two or more cultures. The term is also used to refer to the

results of such changes. Two major types of acculturation, incorporation and directed

change, may be distinguished on the basis of the conditions under which cultural

contact and change take place. Incorporation refers to the free borrowing and

modification of cultural elements and occurs when people of different cultures maintain

contact as well as political and social self-determination. It may involve syncretism, a

process through which people create a new synthesis of phenomena that differs from

either original culture; adoption, in which an entirely new phenomenon is added to a

cultural repertoire; and adaptation, in which a new material or technology is applied to

an extant phenomenon. Religious beliefs are often incorporated in a syncretic manner,

as with synthesis of indigenous and Roman Catholic beliefs in much of Mexico.

Technology is often subject to adoption, as with the rapid diffusion of new

metalworking techniques and weapon types that marked the transition from the Stone

Age to the Bronze Age, and later to the Iron Age in Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Ornamentation is often subject to adaptation, as when Native American groups replaced

heavy stone pendants with metal ornaments in the period between Columbian contact

and military conquest; such ornaments are readily visible in historical portraits of

important indigenous personages. Because incorporation is a product of free choice, the

changes it engenders are often retained over the long term. In contrast, directed change

occurs when one group establishes dominance over another through military conquest

or political control; thus, imperialism is the most common precursor to directed change.

Like incorporation, directed change involves the selection and modification of cultural

characteristics. However, these processes are more varied and the results more complex

because they derive from the interference in one cultural system by members of another.

The processes that operate under conditions of directed change include forced

assimilation—the complete replacement of one culture by another—and resistance

against aspects of the dominant culture. Because directed change is imposed upon the

members of the recipient culture, often quite harshly, the changes it engenders are less

likely to be maintained over the long term.

Adventure Travel

Adventure Travel provides vacation planning services for clients all over the

United States and has retail locations in the Birmingham and Huntsville areas. With

specialists in the areas of cruising, international travel, group travel, Disney vacations,

and religious mission travel we can assist just about anyone in planning their dream

vacation. Adventure Travel was founded and is headquartered today in Birmingham,

Alabama. Our association with the Signature Travel Network allows us to offer our

clients even more benefits. Many cruises come with special amenities or on-board gifts

that you can only find at a Signature affiliated agency. Plus unique experiences like our

Food and Wine cruises are second to none. You can speak to any one of our vacation

experts on these benefits.

AIDS

AIDS is a set of symptoms (or syndrome as opposed to a virus) caused by HIV.

A person is said to have AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off

infection, and they develop certain defining symptoms and illnesses. This is the last

stage of HIV, when the infection is very advanced, and if left untreated will lead to

death. Basic facts about AIDS: AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency

syndrome; it’s also called advanced HIV infection or late-stage HIV. AIDS is a set of

symptoms and illnesses that develop as a result of advanced HIV infection which has

destroyed the immune system. Fewer people develop AIDS now because treatment for

HIV means that more people are staying well. Although there is no cure for HIV, with

the right treatment and support, people living with HIV can enjoy long and healthy

lives. To do this, it’s especially important to commit to taking treatment correctly.

A La Carte

When a restaurant offers separately priced items, you can describe its menu as

a la carte. Ordering this way is also a la carte, like choosing individual pieces of sushi

instead of an entire platter or meal. The literal meaning of the French phrase is "by the

card," although it's used in both languages to mean "according to the menu." The

opposite of a la carte is a table d'hôte, or "meal served at a fixed price." Adjective; (of

a restaurant meal) having unlimited choices with a separate price for each item
Antonyms: prix fixe, table d'hote (of a restaurant meal) complete but with limited

choices and at a fixed price; Adverb: by ordering items listed individually on a menu;

Noun: a menu having individual dishes listed with separate prices.

Amenities

Amenities are the little things in life that make you comfortable — like more

legroom on a flight or the chocolate on your hotel pillow. The noun amenities is used

for things that make life more pleasant or comfortable. They can take the form of

luxurious perks like the hotel's spa and heart-shaped pool, or they could be more basic

— like air conditioning during a heat wave or Internet service in a library. Things that

make you comfortable and at ease.

American Express

The American Express® Credit Card gives you access to exclusive discounts,

special offers and invitations to members-only sales and offers greater financial

flexibility with its low interest rate and installment payment plans. The American

Express Company, also known as Amex, is an American multinational financial

services corporation headquartered in Three World Financial Center in New York City.

The company was founded in 1850 and is one of the 30 components of the Dow Jones

Industrial Average. The company is best known for its charge card, credit card, and

traveler's cheque businesses.

American Society of Travel Agents

ASTA is the leading global advocate for travel advisors, the travel industry and

the traveling public. Expand your world. Go with the pros. ASTA (American Society

of Travel Advisors) is the world's largest association of travel professionals. Our

members include travel advisors, and the companies whose products they sell such as
tours, cruises, hotels, car rentals, etc. We are the leading advocate for travel advisors,

the travel industry and the traveling public. ASTA offers many benefits to its members

and the traveling public. The majority of ASTA's members are travel agencies.

However, travel suppliers, such as airlines, hotels, car rental firms, cruise lines, and tour

operators join ASTA. We also have membership categories for students, travel schools,

retail travel sellers, and others. ASTA is the organization for anyone related to the travel

industry!

Apartments

Many people say they live in an apartment, and just about everyone claims to

know what one is, but how, exactly, do you define it? The term "apartment" can be

generically applied to any residential unit inside a building. The building can be a

house, townhouse, large residential building, and even condominium high-rise where

owners sublet their units. Generally, what sets apartments apart from the rest is that

they are rented units and not owned.

Asia Pacific Economic Corporations

What Is the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), is an economic group of 21

members, formed in 1989, with the primary goal of promoting free trade and sustainable

development in the Pacific Rim economies. Creation of APCE was primarily in

response to the increasing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies. Also, the

proliferation of regional economic blocs, such as the European Union (EU) and the,

now defunct, North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), encouraged its formation. In

the years since its launch, APEC witnessed numerous marquis accomplishments. They

are fundamental in reducing tariffs, improving customs efficiency, and closing the gap
between developing and developed economies. APEC also combated climate change,

dismantled terrorist networks, increased transparency, and stimulated economic

integration. Furthermore, the group raised living standards and education levels, and

fostered a greater sense of community among Asia-Pacific countries, by nurturing

shared interests.

Attractions

The places of interest that draw people (tourists) to visit, typically for its

inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural, or built

beauty, offering leisure, adventure, and amusement. Learn more in: Balancing Value

Co-Creation: Culture, Ecology, and Human Resources in Tourism Industry.

Automation

Automation is the creation of technology and its application in order to control

and monitor the production and delivery of various goods and services. It performs

tasks that were previously performed by humans. Automation is being used in a number

of areas such as manufacturing, transport, utilities, defense, facilities, operations and

lately, information technology.

Balance of Payments

What is the Balance of Payments (BOP)? The balance of payments

(BOP) is a statement of all transactions made between entities in one country and the

rest of the world over a defined period of time, such as a quarter or a year. he balance

of payments (BOP), also known as balance of international payments, summarizes all

transactions that a country's individuals, companies and government bodies complete

with individuals, companies and government bodies outside the country. These

transactions consist of imports and exports of goods, services and capital, as well as
transfer payments, such as foreign aid and remittances. A country's balance of payments

and its net international investment position together constitute its international

accounts.

Bed and Breakfast

bed and break·fast /ˈbe dən ˈbrekfəst/ noun: sleeping accommodations for a

night and a morning meal, provided in guest houses and small hotels. iga guest house

or small hotel offering sleeping accommodations and a morning meal. plural noun: bed

and breakfasts "we spent the night at a cheap bed and breakfast nearby." A bed and

breakfast is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and

breakfast. Bed and breakfasts are often private family homes and typically have

between four and eleven rooms, with six being the average. In addition, a B&B usually

has the hosts living in the house.

Benefits of Sustainable Dvelopment

1.) Involves local people and provides them with rewarding, immediate work, income,

and education ; 2.) functionality and diversity of system while providing a wide range

of economic benefits; 3.) Promotes the diversification of forest products including non-

wood forest products (NWFPs) ; 4.) Preserves the natural services provided by forests

; 5.) Provides a niche for indigenous peoples in modern, free market society should they

choose

Boulanger

The first restaurant proprietor is believed to have been one A. Boulanger, a soup

vendor, who opened his business in Paris in 1765. The sign above his door advertised

restoratives, or restaurants, referring to the soups and broths available within. The

institution took its name from that sign, and “restaurant” now denotes a public eating
place in English, French, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, Romanian, and many other

languages, with some variations. For example, in Spanish and Portuguese the word

becomes restaurante; in Italian it is ristorante; in Swedish, restaurang; in Russian,

restoran; and in Polish, restauracia. Although inns and hostelries often served paying

guests meals from the host’s table, or table d’hôte, and beverages were sold in cafés,

Boulanger’s restaurant was probably the first public place where any diner might order

a meal from a menu offering a choice of dishes. Boulanger operated a modest

establishment; it was not until 1782 that La Grande Taverne de Londres, the first luxury

restaurant, was founded in Paris. The owner, Antoine Beauvilliers, a leading culinary

writer and gastronomic authority, later wrote L’Art du cuisinier (1814), a cookbook that

became a standard work on French culinary art. Beauvilliers achieved a reputation as

an accomplished restaurateur and host, and the French aphorist and gastronomic

chronicler Jean-Athelme Brillat-Savarin, a frequent guest, credited Beauvilliers with

being.

Built Environment

The term built environment refers to the human-made surroundings that provide

the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from buildings and parks or green space

to neighborhoods and cities that can often include their supporting infrastructure, such

as water supply, or energy networks. The built environment is a material, spatial and

cultural product of human labor that combines physical elements and energy in forms

for living, working and playing. It has been defined as “the human-made space in which

people live, work, and recreate on a day-to-day basis”. The “built environment

encompasses places and spaces created or modified by people including buildings,

parks, and transportation systems”. In recent years, public health research has expanded
the definition of "built environment" to include healthy food access, community

gardens, “walkabilty", and “bikability”.

Business Enterprises for Sustainable

Sustainability does not have to come at a cost. A well-designed sustainability

program can help companies increase profits by generating savings, driving growth,

and reducing risk. Creating a sustainable enterprise involves transforming the entire

value chain from the supply of materials to product design, operations, sales and

marketing, and end-of-life management. We help clients uncover opportunities and

risks, set priorities, and launch coherent implementation programs. To support the

building of sustainable enterprises, we have developed a diagnostic tool that identifies

opportunities to promote growth through new products, new markets, and the

composition of the business portfolio; improve return on capital through green sales

and marketing, sustainable value chains, and sustainable operations; and manage risk,

whether regulatory, reputational, or operational.

Camp Grounds

The area or place (such as a field or grove) used for a camp, for camping, or for

a camp meeting.

Carrying Capacity

Carrying capacity, the average population density or population size of a species

below which its numbers tend to increase and above which its numbers tend to decrease

because of shortages of resources. The carrying capacity is different for each species in

a habitat because of that species’ particular food, shelter, and social requirements.

Center for Sustainable Destinations

 Center for. Sustainable Destinations geotourism. Tourism that sustains or

enhances the geographical character of a place— its environment, culture, aesthetics,

etc. Centre for Sustainable Destinations (CSD) programs are dedicated to protecting the

world's distinctive places through wisely managed tourism and enlightened destination

stewardship.

Cesar Ritz

César Ritz, (born Feb. 23, 1850, Niederwald, Switz.—died Oct. 26, 1918,

Küssnacht, near Lucerne), founder of the Paris hotel that made his name a synonym for

elegance and luxury. In order to learn the restaurant business, Ritz got a job at the finest

restaurant in Paris, the Voisin, until the Siege of Paris of 1870 caused shortages of food

and fuel and put an end to Voisin’s business. After the Franco-German War, Ritz

worked as maitre d’hotel in the Hotel Splendide in Paris, where he again came in contact

with the celebrated and the wealthy. He served as a guide to continental taste for such

Americans as Cornelius Vanderbilt and J.P. Morgan, who came to Paris in the 1870s.

When fashionable society moved on, Ritz decided to move with them. For the next few

years, he worked in hotels in resort areas throughout Europe. From 1877 to 1887, Ritz

managed the summer season at the luxurious Grand Hotel National in Lucerne, Switz.

He was also general manager of the Grand Hotel in Monte Carlo, where he met the

great chef Auguste Escoffier. César Ritz coined the phrase ‘the customer is always

right’, helping to transform the hospitality industry forevermore. 100 years after his

death, César Ritz’s legacy lives on. Known as ‘king of hoteliers, and hotelier to kings’,

César Ritz is a legend in the world of hospitality and his last name is synonymous with

luxury in many countries around the world. 2018 marks the 100th anniversary of his

death, but this incredibly creative and legendary pioneer of the hospitality industry

won’t be easily forgotten. Here is his incredible life story.

Changing Demographics

Demographic changes are occurring as well with states shifting support for

higher education to more individual support and less institutional allocations. Users’

expectations for library resources in academic environments are changing from

collections-based needs to needs centered on services or instruction. Population

demographics are changing to reflect a stronger focus on vocational education related

to available jobs, which creates a decline in support for 4-year liberal arts educational

opportunities. The professional literature has many examples, case studies or stories of

how change has impacted academic libraries and changes can be different based on

priorities and values placed on resources and services by library staffs and their

academic counterparts. Figure 5.1 summarizes trends within the profession and shows

where we are today between traditional concepts of ourselves and what we think the

future will bring.

Climate Change

Climate change is happening, it is largely caused by human activities, and it

presents a serious threat to nature and people now, and in the future. Without ambitious

mitigation efforts, global temperature rise this century could exceed 4 degrees Celsius

above pre-industrial levels, with catastrophic impacts.

Climate change and global warming have profound implications for BirdLife

International’s conservation priorities and approaches. It affects the populations and

distributions of species, the composition of ecological communities, and nature’s

provision of goods and services – such as food, fuel and clean water. Climate change

also compounds other major threats to biodiversity, such as invasive alien species,

habitat fragmentation and overexploitation.

Coaching Inns

A hotel or pub where old-fashioned coaches and their passengers used to stop

for the night. Coaching inns provided vital support for the Royal Mail and stagecoach

companies throughout Britain. (Some towns had multiple inns that competed for coach

business.) The inns’ main function was to provide fresh horses, though they provided

other services as well, like hiring out post-chaises to allow travelers to continue on to

outlying areas. In many ways, coaching inns were restaurant, hotel, “Grand Central

station,” travel agency, livery, repair shop, and sometimes post office, all rolled into

one. I think it’s wonderful setting for a book, providing a backdrop for a cast of regulars

who work in or frequent the inn, as well as new people traveling through to add

interest—like royal mail guards and coachmen, traveling performers, aristocrats, and

men (and sometimes women) of business.

Code of Ethics

A fundamental frame of reference for responsible and sustainable tourism, the

Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (GCET) is a comprehensive set of principles

designed to guide key-players in tourism development. As a fundamental frame of

reference for responsible and sustainable tourism, the Global Code of Ethics for

Tourism (GCET) is a comprehensive set of principles designed to guide key-players in

tourism development. Addressed to governments, the travel industry, communities and

tourists alike, it aims to help maximise the sector’s benefits while minimising its

potentially negative impact on the environment, cultural heritage and societies across

the globe. Adopted in 1999 by the General Assembly of the World Tourism

Organization, its acknowledgement by the United Nations two years later expressly

encouraged UNWTO to promote the effective follow-up of its provisions. Although not
legally binding, the Code features a voluntary implementation mechanism through its

recognition of the role of the World Committee on Tourism Ethics (WCTE), to which

stakeholders may refer matters concerning the application and interpretation of the

document.

Coffee House

A restaurant, especially in central and northern Europe, where people have

coffee or other drinks, cakes, and small meals. The coffee house or cafe tends to share

some of the characteristics of both a bar and a restaurant. They are focused on serving

coffee, tea, sandwiches, and other light snacks, such as muffins, desserts, soups and

pastries. It tends to be more like a restaurant in some countries. They will serve tons of

hot and cold foods with a steaming cup of coffee, together with the possible option of

serving alcohol. In a Muslim cafe, you will be able to smoke your tobacco or pot

through a hookah and drink your coffee.

Coopetition

Coopetition is the act of cooperation between competing companies; businesses

that engage in both competition and cooperation are said to be in coopetition. Certain

businesses gain an advantage by using a judicious mixture of cooperation with

suppliers, customers, and firms producing complementary or related products.

Condominium

A condominium is a large property complex divided into individual units and

sold. Ownership usually includes a nonexclusive interest in certain "community

property" controlled by the condominium management.

Consolidation

Consolidation is a technical analysis term referring to security prices oscillating

within a corridor and is generally interpreted as market indecisiveness. Said another

way, consolidation is used in technical analysis to describe the movement of a stock's

price within a well-defined pattern of trading levels. Consolidation is generally

regarded as a period of indecision, which ends when the price of the asset moves above

or below the prices in the trading pattern. The consolidation pattern in price movements

is broken upon a major news release that materially affects s security's performance or

the triggering of a succession of limit orders. Consolidation is also defined as a set of

financial statements that presents a parent and a subsidiary company as one company.

Conversation

A talk, especially an informal one, between two or more people, in which news

and ideas are exchanged. Conversation is interactive communication between two or

more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important

part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a

frequent focus of language teaching and learning.

Cost Benefit Ratio

A benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is a ratio used in cost-benefit analysis to summarize

the overall relationship between the relative costs and benefits of a proposed project.

BCR can be expressed in monetary or qualitative terms. If a project has a BCR greater

than 1.0, the project is expected to deliver a positive net present value to a firm and its

investors. A benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is an indicator showing the relationship between

the relative costs and benefits of a proposed project, expressed in monetary or

qualitative terms.
Council of Hotel and Restaurant

The Council on Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Education (CHRIE) was

founded in 1946 as a non-profit association for schools, colleges and universities

offering programs in hotel and restaurant management, foodservice management and

culinary arts. In recent years, CHRIE's focus has expanded and its mission statement

evolved, making us a marketplace facilitating exchanges of information, ideas,

research, products and services related to education, training and resource development

for the hospitality and tourism industry (food, lodging, recreation and travel services).

Cultural Convergence

Cultural convergence is the theory that two cultures will be more and more like

each other as their interactions increase. Basically, the more that cultures interact, the

more that their values, ideologies, behaviors, arts, and customs will start to reflect each

other.

Cultural Environment

A cultural environment is a set of beliefs, practices, customs and behaviors that

are found to be common to everyone that is living within a certain population. Cultural

environments shape the way that every person develops, influencing ideologies and

personalities.

Cultural Impacts

As tourists, we are lucky to see and share experiences with people whose

cultures, beliefs and world views differ from our own. New cultural experiences,

including dress, food and festivities, are an essential ingredient of fulfilling travel for

many of us. However, all too often, those very cultures that help to make our holidays
so special are being violated and exploited. A basic lack of cultural awareness about the

places we go on holiday can lead us to cause inadvertent offence to local people.

Topless sunbathing on beaches and scant clothing when visiting religious sites are

examples of such violations of cultural norms.

Current Isssue

In Treasury securities, the most recent issue. Current issues trade much more

actively than older issues of Treasury securities. At any given time, there is a current

issue for each type of Treasury security: notes, bills, and bonds and all their

subcategories with different maturities. For example, a 20-year Treasury bond and a

30-year Treasury bond have two different current issues, but, in both cases, it is the

most recently auctioned one. The current issue is also the on-the-run issue.

Current Trade

Trade is a basic economic concept involving the buying and selling of goods

and services, with compensation paid by a buyer to a seller, or the exchange of goods

or services between parties. Trade can take place within an economy between producers

and consumers. International trade allows countries to expand markets for both goods

and services that otherwise may not have been available to it. It is the reason why an

American consumer can pick between a Japanese, German, or American car. As a result

of international trade, the market contains greater competition and therefore, more

competitive prices, which brings a cheaper product home to the consumer.

Current Trends

A pattern of gradual change in a condition, output, or process, or an average or

general tendency of a series of data points to move in a certain direction over time,

represented by a line or curve on a graph.

Deficit

A deficit is an amount by which a resource, especially money, falls short of what

is required. A deficit occurs when expenses exceed revenues, imports exceed exports,

or liabilities exceed assets. A deficit is synonymous with shortfall or loss and is the

opposite of a surplus. In a deficit, the total of negative amounts is greater than the total

of positive amounts. In other words, the outflow of money exceeds the inflow of funds.

A deficit can occur when a government, company, or individual spends more than he,

she, or it receives in a given period, usually a year.

Delmonico’s

Delmonico's, the restaurant that now occupies a triangle of a building down in

the Financial District, is widely known as the restaurant that changed New York dining

forever. The restaurant has existed, through different owners and permutations, over

184 years and over eight locations and enjoyed a reputation as the best fine dining

restaurant in New york for over six decades. Here's a look at the life and death and

dubious revival of Delmonico's: From the early Dutch settlements up until the late

1820's when Delmonico's opened, there was little by way of restaurants. Taverns

opened in the 1700's and oyster cellars and coffee houses could be found relatively

easily, but there were no proper sit down restaurants, no cafes. When the Marquis de

Lafayette returned to the city in 1825, and when the first steam ship completed a trip

from Albany to Manhattan, it was seen as a public embarrassment that New York

offered nowhere for a celebration.

Demand

Demand is an economic principle referring to a consumer's desire to purchase

goods and services and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service. Holding
all other factors constant, an increase in the price of a good or service will decrease the

quantity demanded, and vice versa. Market demand is the total quantity demanded

across all consumers in a market for a given good. Aggregate demand is the total

demand for all goods and services in an economy. Demand is an economic principle

referring to a consumer's desire to purchase goods and services and willingness to pay

a price for a specific good or service. Holding all other factors constant, an increase in

the price of a good or service will decrease the quantity demanded, and vice versa.

Market demand is the total quantity demanded across all consumers in a market for a

given good. Aggregate demand is the total demand for all goods and services in an

economy.

Demographics

Demographics is the study of a population based on factors such as age, race,

and sex. Demographic data refers to socio-economic information expressed

statistically, also including employment, education, income, marriage rates, birth and

death rates and more factors. Governments, corporations, and nongovernment

organizations use demographics to learn more about a population's characteristics for

many purposes, including policy development and economic market research. For

example, a company that sells high-end RVs wants to know roughly how many people

are at or nearing retirement age and what percentage are able to afford the product. It is

also the collection and analysis of broad characteristics about groups of people and

populations.

Department of Tourism

The Department of Tourism (DOT) shall be the primary government agency

charged with the responsibility to encourage, promote, and develop tourism as a major
socio-economic activity to generate foreign currency and employment and to spread the

benefits of tourism to both the private and public sector. The Department of Tourism

(DOT) is mandated to encourage, promote, and develop tourism as a major socio-

economic activity to generate foreign currency and local employment and to spread the

benefits of tourism to a wider segment of the population with the support, assistance,

and cooperation of both the private and government sectors.

Developmental Organization

Organizational development, also known as OD, has a number of meanings. It

may refer to a planned and systematic approach to improving the effectiveness of a

company, government department or any organization – one that aligns strategy,

individuals and processes. It includes the practice of planned, systematic change in the

values, attitudes and beliefs of a company’s employees through the creation and

reinforcement of medium- or long-term training programs. A growing field of Human

Resource Management, organizational development is the study of successful

organizational performance and change. The subject emerged in the 1930s from human

relations studies, during which psychologists became aware that organizational

structures and processes influence the motivation and behaviour of the workforce.

Direct Effects

Direct effects, as the name implies, deal with the direct impact of one individual

on another when not mediated or transmitted through a third individual. Indirect effects

can be defined as the impact of one organism or species on another, mediated or

transmitted by a third.
Direct Employment

Direct employment refers to employment directly related to the production of

forest products or services. As a result of this direct employment, employment is also

generated in the businesses that supply goods and services to the forest sector. This is

referred to as indirect employment.

Direct Network Providers

It refers to a company that provides Internet services, including personal and

business access to the Internet. For a monthly fee, the service provider usually provides

a software package, username, password and access phone number. Equipped with a

modem, you can then log on to the Internet and browse the World Wide Web and

USENET, and send and receive e-mail. For broadband access you typically receive the

broadband modem hardware or pay a monthly fee for this equipment that is added to

your ISP account billing. In addition to serving individuals, ISPs also serve large

companies, providing a direct connection from the company's networks to the Internet.

ISPs themselves are connected to one another through Network Access Points (NAPs).

ISPs may also be called IAPs (Internet Access Providers).

Disposable Income

Disposable income, also known as disposable personal income (DPI), is the

amount of money that households have available for spending and saving after income

taxes have been accounted for. Disposable personal income is often monitored as one

of the many key economic indicators used to gauge the overall state of the economy.
Foot and Mouth Disease

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, or HFMD, is caused by a virus. Symptoms

include ulcers, or sores, inside or around the mouth, and a rash or blisters on the hands,

feet, legs, or buttocks. And while it's not pleasant, it also isn't serious. Anyone can get

the disease, but children under age 10 are most likely to catch it. You can take steps to

ease the symptoms while it runs its course, though.

Food and Beverage

Food and Beverage Services can be broadly defined as the process of preparing,

presenting and serving of food and beverages to the customers. Food and beverage

services sector contributes a great deal to the profits in hospitality industry. With the

increase in importance of business meetings, a range of personal and social events, a

large number of customers visit catering establishments frequently. The food and

beverage professionals tirelessly work to intensify customers’ experience through their

service. The F&B Services providing businesses deliver food and beverages to their

customers at a particular location (on-premise) such as hotel, restaurant, or at the

customer’s intended premises (off-premise).

Guild

A formal association of people with similar interests.An association of men

belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and

protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' Guild; the

Ironmongers' Guild. They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed

with special privileges and authority. Another word for a club, group, or society is guild,

meaning a group of people who have joined together in pursuit of a common interest.

Many fraternal and theatrical organizations still maintain buildings called guild halls
for meetings and activities. The earliest guilds were for religious purposes as burial

societies and offering financial support. In the later Middle Ages, they became

organizations to support various trades and crafts. As the forerunners of modern unions,

they provided support for their members and were charged with assuring quality in each

member's products. The word guild comes originally from the Scandinavian, with roots

that mean "payment of tribute," similar to the German gelt ("money"), possibly to

reflect the dues paid by members.

Global Warming

A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally

attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide,

chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.

Global Impact

Global Impact raises funds to meet critical humanitarian needs around the

world. The organization funds more than 100 U.S.-based international charities through

innovative partnerships and employee giving programs, and provides solutions to meet

the unique giving needs of organizations and donors. In addition, Global Impact

distributes charitable donations for some of America’s top corporations and administers

one of the world’s largest workplace giving campaigns: the Combined Federal

Campaign-Overseas. Since 1956, Global Impact has generated more than $1.6 billion

to assure help for the world’s most vulnerable people. Global Impact's member charities

work in developing countries around the globe providing a wide range of services to

the those in need including: feeding the hungry; teaching effective farming techniques;

providing prenatal care and education for expectant mothers; supplying clean water,

medicines, and disease prevention programs; building schools and training teachers;
promoting entrepreneurial opportunities through microloans; and providing assistance

following natural and man-made disasters. During Fiscal Year 2012, Global Impact

raised $108 million, supporting 11,000 charities and helping more than 400 million

vulnerable people. Global Impact's administrative and fundraising to expense ratio was

4.5 percent during this period.

Growth Theorist

The new growth theory is an economic concept, positing that humans' desires

and unlimited wants foster ever-increasing productivity and economic growth. The new

growth theory argues that real gross domestic product (GDP) per person will

perpetually increase because of people's pursuit of profits.

Hospitality

In terms of definition, hospitality is the process of making people welcome and

offering all amenities for a comfortable stay. There is a general misconception that it

comprises only of hotels, restaurants and bars. It is strictly not so. Spas, golf courses in

resorts, entertainment facilities like casinos also form an integral part of the hospitality

sector apart from the usual accommodation and food and beverage. Because of its

specialised characteristics there is a huge need for qualified personnel to run this sector.

There are exclusive courses that train people to be professionals in this field. And above

everything else, jobs in this sector are highly paid with opportunities for career growth.

Hotel and Restaurant Association of the Philippines

We are a non-stock, non-profit organization represented by hotel managers,

restaurant owners, university deans and CEO's. Incorporated in 1951 and re-

incorporated on August 2002, the Hotel and Restaurant Association of the Philippines

is the umbrella organization that speaks for the Hospitality Industry.

HRAP membership includes luxury, deluxe,and standard hotels and resorts, leading

restaurants and food groups, schools and universities offering hotel and restaurant

management courses, as well as allied industry partners. HRAP concerns itself with all

issues affecting the Hotel and Restaurant Industry of the Philippines including but not

limited to Environment, Government Liaison, Ethics, Health, Legislation, Program,

Technology, Finance and Education. We have worked and partnered with the

Department of Tourism and other government agencies as well as non-government

organizations.

Host/ Visitor Interactions

Host– tourist interaction is defined as the personal encounter that takes place

between tourist and host in specific places (Reisinger & Turner, 2003). ... A limited

number of studies analysed the relationship between host-tourist interactions and

residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism.

Hurricane

Hurricanes are massive storm systems that form over warm ocean waters and

move toward land. Potential threats from hurricanes include powerful winds, heavy

rainfall, storm surges, coastal and inland flooding, rip currents, tornadoes, and

landslides. The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30. The Pacific

hurricane season runs May 15 to November 30. Hurricanes:

 Can happen along any U.S. coast or in any territory in the Atlantic or Pacific

oceans.

 Can affect areas more than 100 miles inland; Are most active in September.
Hostels Hotels Hospitality Resources

Hostels provide lower-priced, sociable accommodation where guests can rent a

bed, usually a bunk bed, in a dormitory and share a bathroom, lounge and sometimes a

kitchen. Rooms can be mixed or single-sex, and private rooms may also be available.

Many hostels are family owned or run, and are often cheaper for both the operator and

occupants than hotels; hostels may have long-term residents who they employ as desk

agents or housekeeping staff in exchange for free or discounted accommodation. In the

Indian subcontinent and South Africa, hostel also refers to boarding schools or student

dormitories in resident colleges and universities. In other parts of the world, the word

hostel mainly refers to properties offering shared accommodation to backpackers or

other low-budget travellers.

Health Spas

A resort or a special building or room where a person may exercise, swim, or

otherwise condition or beautify the body. It is also a place of business with equipment

and facilities for exercising and improving physical fitness.

Human Resource Issue

HR issues can slow down productivity, decrease employee morale, and prevent

your business from expanding. The human resources department is an important

department within any major corporation or business. Your HR department deals with

employee requests and compliance issues on a daily basis, along with the rest of their

tasks. Sometimes, an HR department can overlook certain procedures or regulations.

When they get overloaded with work, HR issues can arise. Luckily, there are ways to

address common HR problems. By improving the efficiency of your HR department

and streamlining some of their most common tasks, you can reduce costly human

resources related issues.

Import Substitution

Government strategy that emphasizes replacement of some agricultural or

industrial imports to encourage local production for local consumption, rather than

producing for export markets. Import substitutes are meant to generate employment,

reduce foreign exchange demand, stimulate innovation, and make the country self-

reliant in critical areas such as food, defense, and advanced technology.

Incentives

Inducement or supplemental reward that serves as a motivational device for a

desired action or behavior.

Income

Income is money (or some equivalent value) that an individual or business

receives in exchange for providing a good or service or through investing capital.

Income is used to fund day-to-day expenditures. Investments, pensions, and Social

Security are primary sources of income for retirees. For individuals, income is most

often received in the form of wages or salary. In businesses, income can refer to a

company's remaining revenues after paying all expenses and taxes. In this case, income

is referred to as "earnings.” Most forms of income are subject to taxation.

Investment

An investment is an asset or item acquired with the goal of generating income

or appreciation. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of goods that are

not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth. In finance, an investment
is a monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide income in the

future or will later be sold at a higher price for a profit.

Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the term for the basic physical systems of a business or nation—

transportation, communication, sewage, water, and electric systems are all examples of

infrastructure. These systems tend to be high-cost investments and are vital to a

country's economic development and prosperity. Projects related to infrastructure

improvements may be funded publicly, privately, or through public-private

partnerships. In economic terms infrastructure often involves the production of public

goods or production processes that support natural monopolies.

Inns

An inn is a place to stay while you're on vacation or on the road. Inns are usually

smaller and more charming than hotels, but they serve the same purpose: to give you a

place to rest your weary head as you travel. Some inns are more charming versions of

hotels, while others use the word inn simply to make them sound more appealing than

a motel. The original meaning of inn was "lodging and food for travelers," although

today some inns don't have a restaurant or bar attached. If you own or manage an inn,

you're an "innkeeper." Inn comes from the Old English inne, "inside or within."

Intercultural Communication

Intercultural communication refers to the communication between people from

two different cultures. Intercultural communication is a symbolic, interpretive,

transactional, contextual process in which people from different cultures create shared

meanings.
Induced Employment

When these directly and indirectly generated incomes are spent and respent on

a variety of items in the broader economy (e.g., food, clothing, entertainment), it gives

rise to induced employment effects.

Indirect Employment

Employment is also generated in the businesses that supply goods and services

to the forest sector. This is referred to as indirect employment. Employees or workers

(such as accountants, supervisors, security guards) who do not directly produce goods

or services, but who make their production possible or more efficient. Indirect labor

costs are not readily identifiable with a specific task or work order. They are termed

indirect costs and are charged to overhead accounts.

Income Redistribution

Income Redistribution is an economic practice which is aimed at leveling the

distribution of wealth or income in a society through a direct or indirect transfer of

income from the rich to the poor. Economists or Governments adopt economic policies

and strategies like progressive taxation to implement this phenomenon.

Income Generator

A better balance between income-generating and care-giving work is conducive

to forming the powers of autonomy of adults in the next generation.

Impact Control

Impact Control Systems have been providing Building Energy Management

Systems (BEMS) solutions for over 25 Years. Founded in 1991 we are a multi-

disciplinary practice dedicated to providing the design and supply of equipment. From
tender through to installation and commissioning, our award winning service

department also provides an after care service helping you to maintain and service your

investment. With offices in Liverpool, Leeds, London and Manchester, we have a large

experienced team capable of providing you with a seamless service. Our continued

growth is sustained by our commitment to develop long-term and mutually beneficial

relationships with both our clients and suppliers. We have worked with many high

profile companies over the years who expect a high level of customer service and a

practical, sustainable and effective service. Our longevity is a testament to our

commitment and the services we provide.

Impact Control Measures

Control measures to reduce exposures could be established at the source, the

path and/or at the receiver/worker.

International Air Transport Association

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is the trade association for

the world’s airlines, representing some 290 airlines or 82% of total air traffic. We

support many areas of aviation activity and help formulate industry policy on critical

aviation issues.

International Civil Aviation Organization

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a UN specialized

agency, established by States in 1944 to manage the administration and governance of

the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention). ICAO works

with the Convention’s 193 Member States and industry groups to reach consensus on

international civil aviation Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and

policies in support of a safe, efficient, secure, economically sustainable and

environmentally responsible civil aviation sector. These SARPs and policies are used

by ICAO Member States to ensure that their local civil aviation operations and

regulations conform to global norms, which in turn permits more than 100,000 daily

flights in aviation’s global network to operate safely and reliably in every region of the

world. In addition to its core work resolving consensus-driven international SARPs and

policies among its Member States and industry, and among many other priorities and

programmes, ICAO also coordinates assistance and capacity building for States in

support of numerous aviation development objectives; produces global plans to

coordinate multilateral strategic progress for safety and air navigation; monitors and

reports on numerous air transport sector performance metrics; and audits States’ civil

aviation oversight capabilities in the areas of safety and security.We are a registered

Trend Technology Centre and Siemens Building Solutions, Tridium and Honeywell

CentraLine Partners as well as being partnered with American Automatrix, Cylon,

Danfoss, ABB and Belimo.

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution marked a period of development in the latter half of

the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and

America into industrialized, urban ones. Goods that had once been painstakingly crafted

by hand started to be produced in mass quantities by machines in factories, thanks to

the introduction of new machines and techniques in textiles, iron making and other

industries. Fueled by the game-changing use of steam power, the Industrial Revolution

began in Britain and spread to the rest of the world, including the United States, by the

1830s and ‘40s. Modern historians often refer to this period as the First Industrial

Revolution, to set it apart from a second period of industrialization that took place from
the late 19th to early 20th centuries and saw rapid advances in the steel, electric and

automobile industries.

International Tourism

International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists

who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but

outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main

purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited.

When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which

includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown

instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some

cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and

supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation

establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and

for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals

residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals

across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the

number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during

a given period is counted each time as a new arrival.

Khans

A title given to rulers and officials in central Asia, Afghanistan, and certain

other Muslim countries.Any of the successors of Genghis Khan, supreme rulers of the

Turkish, Tartar, and Mongol peoples and emperors of China in the Middle Ages. Khan,

also spelled Cham, historically, the ruler or monarch of a Mongol tribe (ulus). At the

time of Genghis Khan (early 13th century) a distinction was made between the title of
khan and that of khākān, which was the title Genghis assumed as Great Khan, or

supreme ruler of the Mongols. The term khan was subsequently adopted by many

Muslim societies. Among the Seljuqs and the Khwārezm-Shāhs of Central and

Southwest Asia, khan was the highest title of the nobility; in Ṣafavid Iran, it denoted a

type of provincial governor. The meaning of the term eventually extended downward

along the socioeconomic scale until khan became an affix to the name of any Muslim

property owner, particularly in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. It is now

often used as a surname.

Liquor Liability

Any establishment that sells, serves, or assists in the purchase or use of liquor

(i.e. dram shop) opens its doors for a liability claim as a consequence of someone

getting drunk to the extent that injuries or property damages are the result. This includes

restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and taverns. While it’s logical that the inebriated person

should be the one to pay, in reality the business that served the alcohol could be liable

for injuries, damages, or both that occurred as a result of actions, behaviors, or conduct

of a patron who drank too much. Liability claims made to a restaurant or bar as a result

of damages or injuries caused by an intoxicated person can be quite costly. A common

example of an alcohol-related claim occurs when an intoxicated patron leaves a bar,

gets into his car, drives, and commits a vehicular manslaughter act. In this case, the

victim’s family could now sue the bar for both civil and criminal damages. As another

example, suppose at a catered event, a restaurant serves alcohol and two guests are

subsequently involved in a fight, whereby serious injuries are incurred. These are just

two of the many scenarios that can occur when a business that sells or serves alcohol

may be held liable for the actions of the inebriated persons served.
Land Value

Land value is the value of a piece of property including both the value of the

land itself as well as any improvements that have been made to it. This is not to be

confused with site value, which is the reasonable value of the land assuming that there

are no leases, mortgages or anything else present that would otherwise change the site's

value. Land values increase when demand for land exceeds the supply of available land

or if a particular piece of land has intrinsic value greater than neighboring areas (e.g.,

oil can be found on the land).

Lodging

Lodging refers to the renting of a short-term dwelling. People who travel and

stay away from home for more than a day need lodging for sleep, rest, food, safety,

shelter from cold temperatures or rain, storage of luggage and access to common

household functions. Lodging is a form of the sharing economy.

Motels

A motel is a place you can stay overnight, with plenty of parking and easy access

to a highway. Many motels feature rooms with separate entrances that face a large

parking lot. It is very much like a hotel — it fact, motels were originally "motor hotels."

The first official motel was built in 1925, designed to be an easy, cheap stop on a long

car trip. While hotels are often in the middle of cities, motels are usually on a city's

outskirts, providing space to park and a quick walk from car to room. The popularity of

motels increased through the twentieth century, along with the development of the

modern highway system.

Multicultural Understanding

Students will demonstrate understanding of issues related to race, social class,

gender, sexual orientation, disabilities and culture and the role these issues play in the

distribution of power and privilege in the United States. Multicultural Awareness is the

ability to understand and appreciate the history, life experiences and beliefs of diverse

groups of people. Inevitably, greater cultural awareness and consideration fosters a

better community.

Monastery

Place of residence for members of a religious community (especially monks).

Mutation

A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes

when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors such as UV light and

cigarette smoke.

Man-made Attractions

Natural attractions <br /> These attractions are completely natural and include

mountains, rivers, lakes, national parks, beaches, deserts and anything which has not

been made by man. < br />Man-made attractions <br /> These are products of history

and culture as stated by Cooper et al 2005.

Network

A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,

peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data. An

excellent example of a network is the Internet, which connects millions of people all

over the world.

Natural Attractions

Natural attractions are geographical or biological features that have a specific

appeal to the tourism market. Globally, there are countless varieties of natural

attractions – no two natural attractions are the same because they have been shaped by

the unique natural forces of the surrounding environment.

Noah

Noah was an obedient servant of God in the Old Testament who found favor

with God amidst a sinful world. He is most well-known for building an ark that

preserved himself and his family, as well as representatives of every land animal, from

a great flood that God unleashed in judgement upon the earth.

National Tourism Organization

The National Tourist Organisation (NTO) is the body responsible for the

formulation and implementation of national tourist policy. It is the proper agency and

instrument for the execution of the national government's responsibilities for the

control, direction and promotion of tourism.

National Income

National income means the value of goods and services produced by a country

during a financial year. Thus, it is the net result of all economic activities of any country

during a period of one year and is valued in terms of money. National income is an

uncertain term and is often used interchangeably with the national dividend, national

output, and national expenditure. We can understand this concept by understanding the

national income definition.

Negative Demonstrative Effects

Tourism in rural and indigenous communities has many positive and negative

impacts. One of the most detrimental impacts on the culture of the host community is

the demonstration effect. The demonstration effect is the occurrence of indigenous and

rural communities and cultures adopting western style and behaviour that they have

observed invisiting tourists through demonstration and interaction. The demonstration

effect displays impact on the host communities through the establishment.

Natural Disasters

Natural disasters are extreme, sudden events caused by environmental factors

that injure people and damage property. Earthquakes, windstorms, floods, and disease

all strike anywhere on earth, often without warning. As examples, we've chosen

disasters that have occurred around the world throughout history.

Natual Environment

The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring

naturally on Earth or some region thereof. It is an environment that encompasses the

interaction of all living species. The concept of the natural environment can be

distinguished by components: ⁕Complete ecological units that function as natural

systems without massive human intervention, including all vegetation,

microorganisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere, and natural phenomena that occur within their

boundaries. ⁕Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut

boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric charge,

and magnetism, not originating from human activity. The natural environment is

contrasted with the built environment, which comprises the areas and components that

are strongly influenced by humans. A geographical area is regarded as a natural

environment. It is difficult to find absolutely natural environments, and it is common

that the naturalness varies in a continuum, from ideally 100% natural in one extreme to

0% natural in the other. More precisely, we can consider the different aspects or

components of an environment, and see that their degree of naturalness is not uniform.

If, for instance, we take an agricultural field, and consider the mineralogical

composition and the structure of its soil, we will find that whereas the first is quite

similar to that of an undisturbed forest soil, the structure is quite different.

Natural Resources

Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that

occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.

Natural Nutrition

The properties of natural nutrients are best summed up in these four words:

natural, alive, good quality. Natural, as in unprocessed, unrefined foods, such as whole

grains and legumes.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is a

unique forum where the governments of 34 democracies with market economies work

with each other, as well as with more than 70 non-member economies to promote

economic growth, prosperity, and sustainable development.

Organization of American States

An association including most countries in the western hemisphere; created in

1948 to promote military and economic and social and cultural cooperation.
Olympics Games

Also called Olympian Games. the greatest of the games or festivals of ancient

Greece, held every four years in the plain of Olympia in Elis, in honor of Zeus. A

modern international sports competition, held once every four years.

Ordinary

With no special or distinctive features; normal.

Ex. ‘he sets out to depict ordinary people’‘it was just an ordinary evening’

Organization

A social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to

pursue collective goals. All organizations have a management structure that determines

relationships between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and

assigns roles, responsibilities, and authority to carry out different tasks. Organizations

are open systems--they affect and are affected by their environment.

Pan American Airways

Pan American World Airways, Inc., also called (1927–50) Pan American

Airways, byname Pan Am, former American airline that was founded in 1927 and, up

until the final two decades of the 20th century, had service to cities in many countries

in North and South America, the Caribbean Islands, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the

Middle East. From 1984 it was governed by the holding company Pan Am Corporation.

From 1986, in financial distress, its routes and services came to be drastically reduced.

The company ceased operations on Dec. 4, 1991. Pan American inaugurated the first

transpacific flights (from San Francisco to Manila) in 1936, with the famous China

Clipper; the first transatlantic flights (from New York City to Lisbon) in 1939, with the
Yankee Clipper, and the first round-the-world flights (from New York to New York

eastbound) in 1947.

Phoenicians

Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in Canaan which covered most of the

western, coastal part of the fertile Crescent. Several major Phoenician cities were built

on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture

that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BCE to 300 BCE.

Pilgrimage

A pilgrimage is a journey to a sacred place. People make pilgrimages to places

like Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Dharamsala as part of their religious or spiritual

practice. It is often a spiritual journey, but some pilgrimages deal with other kinds of

devotion. For example, fans often visit the places that are — or were — significant to

their heroes. Every August 16th, Elvis Presley fans from around the country make a

pilgrimage to his famous former home, Graceland, to commemorate the anniversary of

his death.

Pacific Asia Travel Association

Founded in 1951, the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) is a not-for profit

association that is internationally acclaimed for acting as a catalyst for the responsible

development of travel and tourism to, from and within the Asia Pacific region. The

Association provides aligned advocacy, insightful research and innovative events to its

member organisations, comprising 95 government, state and city tourism bodies, 25

international airlines and airports, 108 hospitality organisations, 72 educational

institutions, and hundreds of travel industry companies in Asia Pacific and beyond.

Thousands of travel professionals belong to the 36 local PATA chapters worldwide.

The chapters organise travel industry training and business development events. Their

grassroots activism underpins PATA’s membership in Uniting Travel, a coalition of the

world’s major Travel & Tourism organisations dedicated to ensuring that the sector

speaks with one voice and acts in unison on the major issues and includes ACI, CLIA,

IATA, ICAO, WEF, UNWTO and the WTTC.

Philippine Association of Accredited Tourist Guide Lectures Incorporated

Its members are tourist guides duly accredited by Department of Tourism and/or

licensed by Local Government Units. The Association is duly registered with Securities

and Exchange Commission as a non-profit organization on April 2008. The primary

aim is to promote, uplift and maintain excellence in competency in the practice of tour

guiding profession and to protect the interest of its tourist guide members. The name

has a ‘motivating factor’ for all professional tourist guides to be encouraged, be inspired

and eventually be able to contribute to the academe as resource speakers or lecturers in

the field of “tour guiding services” deeply acquired from their vast experience in tour

guiding and contribute to the society this humble legacy.

Philippine Tour Operators Association

The Philippine Tour Operators Association (PHILTOA), Inc. is an organization

of tour operators and allied members actively involved in the advocacy of responsible

tourism. Founded on 12 June 1986, non-stock and non-profit organization.

Philippine Travel Agencies Association

The Philippine Travel Agencies Association (PTAA) is an organization born

out of a union of the national associations of outbound travel agencies and inbound tour

operators in 1979. It was founded to foster unity in the travel industry and to promote

the welfare of its members and the traveling public.

Partnerships

A partnership is a formal arrangement by two or more parties to manage and

operate a business and share its profits. There are several types of partnership

arrangements. In particular, in a partnership business, all partners share liabilities and

profits equally, while in others, partners have limited liability.

Pandores

Greek myth the first woman, made out of earth as the gods' revenge on man for

obtaining fire from Prometheus. Given a box (Pandora's box) that she was forbidden to

open, she disobeyed out of curiosity and released from it all the ills that beset man,

leaving only hope within.

Pensiones

A pension plan is a retirement plan that requires an employer to make

contributions into a pool of funds set aside for a worker's future benefit. The pool of

funds is invested on the employee's behalf, and the earnings on the investments generate

income to the worker upon retirement. In addition to an employer's required

contributions, some pension plans have a voluntary investment component. A pension

plan may allow a worker to contribute part of his current income from wages into an

investment plan to help fund retirement. The employer may also match a portion of the

worker’s annual contributions, up to a specific percentage or dollar amount.

Private Homes

Private home means a private residence in which the licensee permanently

resides, which residency is not contingent upon caring for children or employment by
a child placing agency. Private home includes a full-time foster family home, a full-

time foster family group home, a group child care home, or a family child care home.

Public Health

Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of people and

their communities. This work is achieved by promoting healthy lifestyles, researching

disease and injury prevention, and detecting, preventing and responding to infectious

diseases.

Recreation

Recreation is defined as the act of making something for the second time, or

refreshment of the mind, body or spirit through play and relaxation.

Recycling Solid Waste

Solid waste recycling and recovery. Recycling is the recovery and reuse of

materials from wastes. Solid waste recycling refers to the reuse of manufactured goods

from which resources such as steel, copper , or plastics can be recovered and reused.

Renaissance

The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political

and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages. Generally described as taking place

from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of

classical philosophy, literature and art.

Sanitation

Sanitation refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe

management of human excreta from the toilet to containment and storage and treatment
onsite or conveyance, treatment and eventual safe end use or disposal. More broadly

sanitation also included the safe management of solid waste and animal waste.

Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of infectious diseases such as cholera, typhoid

and dysentery world-wide. It also contributes to stunting and impaired cognitive

function and impacts on well-being through school attendance, anxiety and safety with

lifelong consequences, especially for women and girls. Improving sanitation in

households, health facilities and schools underpins progress on a wide range of health

and economic development issues including universal health coverage and combatting

antimicrobial resistance.

Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment is defined by law and includes requests for sexual favors,

sexual advances or other sexual conduct when (1) submission is either explicitly or

implicitly a condition affecting academic or employment decisions; (2) the behavior is

sufficiently severe or pervasive as to create an intimidating, hostile or repugnant

environment; or (3) the behavior persists despite objection by the person to whom the

conduct is directed. The University considers such behavior, whether physical or

verbal, to be a breach of its standards of conduct and will seek to prevent such incidents

and take corrective action when sexual harassment occurs (Office of Institutional

Equity, University of Michigan).

Superstructure

Definition of superstructure. 1a : an entity, concept, or complex based on a more

fundamental one. b : social institutions (such as the law or politics) that are in Marxist

theory erected upon the economic base. 2 : a structure built as a vertical extension of

something else.
Support Services

An activity required for successful execution of a product or program or process

is known as Support service. The support services are managed by a separate

department. It is extremely important for any organization to have good support

services to succeed in their business. Support services are important for the immediate

relief of the customers and the clients. Support services are not just limited to phone

calls nowadays email, chat, web forms, and social communications, as well as self-

service support sites.

Subsidies

A subsidy is a benefit given to an individual, business, or institution, usually by

the government. It is usually in the form of a cash payment or a tax reduction. The

subsidy is typically given to remove some type of burden, and it is often considered to

be in the overall interest of the public, given to promote a social good or an economic

policy.

Secondary Effects

Secondary effects are those that are expressed via the educational choices that.

children from differing class backgrounds make within the range of choice that their.

previous performance allows them.

Sustainable Tourism

Sustainable tourism development guidelines and management practices are

applicable to all forms of tourism in all types of destinations, including mass tourism

and the various niche tourism segments. Sustainability principles refer to the

environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a

suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its

long-term sustainability.

Security

A security (as a share of stock) serving as evidence of an ownership interest in

the issuer also : one convertible to or serving as evidence of a right to purchase, sell, or

subscribe to such a security.

Space Tourism

Space tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes. There are several

different types of space tourism, including orbital, suborbital and lunar space tourism.

To date, orbital space tourism has been performed only by the Russian Space Agency.

Strategic Alliance

A strategic alliance is an arrangement between two companies to undertake a

mutually beneficial project while each retains its independence. The agreement is less

complex and less binding than a joint venture, in which two businesses pool resources

to create a separate business entity. A company may enter into a strategic alliance to

expand into a new market, improve its product line, or develop an edge over a

competitor. The arrangement allows two businesses to work toward a common goal

that will benefit both.

Safety

Safety is a concept that includes all measures and practices taken to preserve the

life, health, and bodily integrity of individuals.

In the workplace, safety is measured through a series of metrics that track the rate of

near misses, injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. In order to improve these metrics,

employers and safety officials must also conduct investigations following any incident

to ensure that all safety protocols and measures are being followed or to implement new

ones if needed.

Source

Place from where things originate. For example, the source of an accounting

error may be a computer glitch. 2. A specific publication or other type of media where

specific information was obtained. These are usually included in footnotes, endnotes,

or a bibliography, and can be people. For example, a news publisher may have exclusive

information from a person or source working in a company.

Seasonality

Seasonality is a characteristic of a time series in which the data experiences

regular and predictable changes that recur every calendar year. Any predictable

fluctuation or pattern that recurs or repeats over a one-year period is said to be seasonal.

Seasonal effects are different from cyclical effects, as seasonal cycles are observed

within one calendar year, while cyclical effects, such as boosted sales due to low

unemployment rates, can span time periods shorter or longer than one calendar year.

Social Change

Social change refers to any significant alteration over time in behavior patterns

and cultural values and norms. By “significant” alteration, sociologists mean changes

yielding profound social consequences. Examples of significant social changes having

long‐term effects include the industrial revolution, the abolition of slavery, and the

feminist movement.
Social Impact

A common way to think about social impact is to consider it as the change that

happens for/to people as a result of an action or activity. In this context, social impact

is about the positive contribution that public bodies and other public sector

organisations can make to the local communities in which they operate.

Social Saturation

As a general orientation to life, the expansion in the range of realities, reasons,

and moralities to which one is exposed leads to a consciousness of construction.

Increasingly suspect are traditional claims to truth, objectivity, and reason. On the

interpersonal level, the condition of saturation leads to a receding sense of authenticity,

and a diminishing in the time and attention devoted to any particular relationship.

Site Attractions

A tourist attraction is a place of interest where tourists visit, typically for its

inherent or an exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built

beauty, offering leisure and amusement.

Summerians

Sumer was an ancient civilization founded in the Mesopotamia region of the

Fertile Crescent situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Known for their

innovations in language, governance, architecture and more, Sumerians are considered

the creators of civilization as modern humans understand it.

Spa

The term ‘spa’ encompasses a wide range of services and experiences, and can

mean everything from a small facial and massage business to expansive destinations of
pampering. The word spa was first used as far back as the eras of Ancient Greece and

Rome to describe naturally occurring thermal springs. These locations of bathing and

relaxation were believed to benefit health and wellbeing, and in this sense not much has

changed to date. Spas remain havens of luxury; the only difference today is that they

have changed shape and form to fall into various different categories.

Tour Operator

Tour operators manage tour from beginning to the end of the tour. A tour

operator has the responsibility to look after the finer details of a vacation or tour such

as hotel, accommodation, meals, conveyance etc. Tour operators provide travel guide,

escorting services and arrange all travel related needs and wants.

Tourism

Tourism, the act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of

recreation, relaxation, and pleasure, while making use of the commercial provision of

services. As such, tourism is a product of modern social arrangements, beginning in

western Europe in the 17th century, although it has antecedents in Classical antiquity.

It is distinguished from exploration in that tourists follow a “beaten path,” benefit from

established systems of provision, and, as befits pleasure-seekers, are generally insulated

from difficulty, danger, and embarrassment. Tourism, however, overlaps with other

activities, interests, and processes, including, for example, pilgrimage. This gives rise

to shared categories, such as “business tourism,” “sports tourism,” and “medical

tourism” (international travel undertaken for the purpose of receiving medical care).

Tourist

Is anyone who travels to places other than the one in which is his habitual

residence, outside of their everyday environment, for a period of at least one night but
not more than one year and whose usual purpose is different from the exercise of any

remunerated activity in the place to which he goes.

Tourist Destination

A place or area where a collection of tourism related products and attractions

are offered which deliver a tourism experience for individuals or groups traveling away

from their home or place.

Tourist Product

A tourism product can be defined as the sum of the physical and psychological

satisfaction it provides to tourists during their travelling en route to the destination. The

tourist product focuses on facilities and services designed to meet the needs of the

tourist.

Tourist Sevices

Tourism and travel-related services includes services provided by hotels and

restaurants (including catering), travel agencies and tour operator services, tourist guide

services and other related services.

Travel Agent

Travel Agent is a person whose job it is to arrange travel for end clients

(individuals, groups, corporations) on behalf of suppliers (hotels, airlines, car rentals,

cruise lines, railways, travel insurance, package tours). His task is to simplify the travel

planning process for their customers in addition to providing consultation services and

entire travel packages. An Agent can be self-employed, work for an independent travel

agency, or be part of a Travel Agency Consortia. Travel agents may specialize in

leisure, business and/ or other niche travel markets. They may be generalists or
specialists (i.e. specialise in cruises, adventure travel, conventions and meetings.). The

agents typically receive a 10 to 15% commission from accommodations, transportation

companies and attractions for coordinating the booking of travel.

Traverns

A tavern is a place of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages

and be served food, and in some cases, where travelers receive lodging. An inn is a

tavern which has a license to put up guests as lodgers. The word derives from the Latin

taberna and the Greek ταβέρνα/taverna, whose original meaning was a shed or

workshop. In the English language, a tavern was once an establishment which served

wine whilst an inn served beer and ale. Over time, the words "tavern" and "inn" became

interchangeable and synonymous. In England, inns started to be referred to as public

houses or pubs and the term became standard for all drinking houses.

Torah

The English word “Torah” comes from the Hebrew word toh·rahʹ, which can be

translated as “instruction,” “teaching,” or “law.” * (Proverbs 1:8; 3:1; 28:4) The

following examples show how this Hebrew word is used in the Bible. Toh·rahʹ often

refers to the first five books of the Bible—Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and

Deuteronomy. These are also called the Pentateuch, from a Greek word meaning

“fivefold volume.” The Torah was written by Moses, so it is called “the book of the

Law of Moses.” (Joshua 8:31; Nehemiah 8:1) Evidently, it was originally written as

one book but was later divided for easier handling.It is also used for the laws given to

Israel on a particular subject, such as “the law [toh·rahʹ] of the sin offering,” “the law

about leprosy,” and “the law about the Nazirite.”—Leviticus 6:25; 14:57; Numbers 6:
Toh·rahʹ sometimes refers to instruction and teaching, whether from parents, wise ones,

or God himself.—Proverbs 1:8; 3:1; 13:14; Isaiah 2:3, footnote.

Thomas Cook

Thomas Cook, (born November 22, 1808, Melbourne, Derbyshire, England—

died July 18, 1892, Leicester, Leicestershire), English innovator of the conducted tour

and founder of Thomas Cook and Son, a worldwide travel agency. Cook can be said to

have invented modern tourism. Cook left school at the age of 10 and worked at various

jobs until 1828, when he became a Baptist missionary. In 1841 he persuaded the

Midland Counties Railway Company to run a special train between Leicester and

Loughborough for a temperance meeting on July 5. It was believed to have been the

first publicly advertised excursion train in England. Three years later the railway agreed

to make the arrangement permanent if Cook would provide passengers for the excursion

trains. During the Paris Exposition of 1855, Cook conducted excursions from Leicester

to Calais, France. The next year he led his first Grand Tour of Europe.

The Association of Administrators in Hospitality,Hotel and Restaurant

Management Educational Institutions Incorporated

AAHRMEI looks back to its humble beginning when a group of 22 deans and

faculty members met to establish what is now composed of more than 2,300 strong

members, individual and institutional combined. Sixteen years ago Mrs. Sylvia S. Ama,

then the director for Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Management of DLSU-College

of Saint Benilde, conceived the importance of an organization to look into the concerns

of Hotel and Restaurant Management and other related courses. This idea came into

reality in February 2001 when Dr. Gloria Baken Wong-Siy was asked to join the trip to

Singapore to evaluate the performance of a 3rd training partner together with the
CHED-NCR Director, Dr. Amelia A. Biglete who was impressed with the effect of the

training abroad. Thus, she instructed Dr. Siy to come up with a strong organization

which could help CHED monitor the implementation of the International Practicum

Training Program guidelines so that this program could be sustained. Inspired with this

idea, Mrs. Ama and Dr. Siy worked on the Constitution and By Laws with the assistance

of Dr. Adela J. Ruiz and called for an organizational meeting on February 24, 2001.

Tourism Educators and Movers Philippine Incorporated

The Tourism Educators and Movers Philippines (Team Philippines) was

formally organized by leaders of the private sector and academe and supported by the

Department of Tourism on Oct. 29, 2008 upon the initiative of Consul General Robert

Lim Joseph. The formation of Team Philippines was a natural offshoot of Mr. Joseph’s

genuine advocacy to advance the growth of and protect the industry. To recommend

students of Tourism and Hospitality Management to industry partners for job trainings

and future job placement. To be the prime mover in the promotion of tourism, positive

traits and culture of the Filipinos.

Travel Agency

Travel agency is one of the most important organization in the tourism private

sector which plays a significant and crucial role in the entire process of developing and

promoting tourism in the country or at a destination. It is a travel agency which

packages and processes all the attractions, accesses, amenities and ancillary services of

a country and present them to tourists. That’s why travel agency is known as ‘image

builder‘of a country.
Truth in Menus

As a hospitality manager, you have a right to advertise your food and beverage

products in a way that casts them in their best light. To misrepresent your prod- ucts is

a violation of what has come to be known as Truth in Menu laws.

Travel and Tourism Research Association

The Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA), founded in 1970, is a

nonprofit professional organization committed to improving the quality, value,

effectiveness and use of travel and tourism research and marketing information. TTRA

seeks to improve the industry through education, publications and networking

activities.

Terrorism

Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property

to intimidate or coerce a government or its citizens to further certain political or social

objectives. Law enforcement generally recognizes two types of terrorism: domestic and

international. Domestic terrorism is based and executed in the United States by our own

citizens without foreign direction. International terrorism, which is connected to foreign

governments or groups, transcends our nation’s boundaries. Terrorist acts against U.S.

citizens can occur anywhere in the world.

Tsunami

Tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under

the sea. Out in the depths of the ocean, tsunami waves do not dramatically increase in

height. But as the waves travel inland, they build up to higher and higher heights as the

depth of the ocean decreases. The speed of tsunami waves depends on ocean depth
rather than the distance from the source of the wave. Tsunami waves may travel as fast

as jet planes over deep waters, only slowing down when reaching shallow waters. While

tsunamis are often referred to as tidal waves, this name is discouraged by

oceanographers because tides have little to do with these giant waves.

Tax Exemption

Tax-exempt refers to income or transactions that are free from tax at the federal,

state, or local level. The reporting of tax-free items may be on a taxpayer's individual

or business tax return and shown for informational purposes only. The tax-exempt

article is not part of any tax calculations. Tax-exempt may also refer to the status of a

business or organization which has limits on the amount of income or gifts which are

taxable. These organizations include religious and charitable institutions.

Tax Holidays

A tax holiday is a government incentive program that offers a tax reduction or

elimination to businesses. Tax holidays are often used to reduce sales taxes by local

governments, but they are also commonly used by governments in developing countries

to help stimulate foreign investment.

Theory of Balance Growth

Balanced growth is a dynamic process and as such the meaning of balanced

growth continues changing. The concept of balanced growth is subject to various

interpretations by various authors. It was Fredrick List who for the first time put forward

the theory of balanced growth. According to Fredrick List the theory of balanced

growth is of great significance by which a balance could be established between

agriculture, industry and trade.

Theory of Unbalanced Growth

Unbalanced Theory: The theory balanced growth advocates the simultaneous

growth of all sectors of. the economy. The theory of unbalanced growth, on the other

hand, focuses on the growth of some key sectors of the economy to begin with.

Balanced growth hypothesis seeks to accelerate the process of growth through.

Tourism Multiplier

Tourism Multiplier Effect. Tourism not only creates jobs in the tertiary sector,

it also encourages growth in the primary and secondary sectors of industry. This is

known as the multiplier effect which in its simplest form is how many times money

spent by a tourist circulates through a country's economy.

Tourism and Hospitality

Hospitality and tourism management refers to management studies pertaining

to management in the hospitality industry, of which tourism is a part. Consisting of

restaurants, cafes, clubs, resorts, cruise lines, and other customer-oriented businesses,

hospitality is a goliath-sized industry that creates millions of new jobs each year.

Transportation

The process of shipping or moving an item from point A to point B.Any device

used to move an item from one location to another. Common forms of transportation

include planes, trains, automobiles, and other two-wheel devices such as bikes or

motorcycles.

Tourism and Hospitality Supply Components

Tourism Management is a complex sector involving a wide range of

economic operations. Tourism supply is one of the operations. It is highly reliable on

the natural, artificial or man-made, operating, as well as the regulatory components

involved in creating the tourism product. The supply elements are geographically

confined to a fixed place hence, the stake holding businesses need to provide products

and services by putting costs and anticipating promotion of their individual products

and revenue. It influences an entire tour right from starting the tour up to ending it

gracefully and satisfactorily. Let us see what it is and what makes it a bundle of tourists’

satisfaction.

Understanding Tourism

To create and run a successful tourism business it requires you to have industry-

specific knowledge and information. Understanding the distribution systems,

recommended rates and commission, and the roles of various booking agents is

essential for a sustainable, profitable business.

United Nations World Tourism Organization

Did you know that the United Nations has an agency devoted to promoting

sustainable, responsible, and universally accessible tourism? That's right. It's called the

United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). The main purpose of this

organization is to encourage and promote tourism as a means to encourage economic

growth, inclusive development (taking the poor into consideration), and environmental

sustainability. This organization has also implemented a global code of ethics for

tourism to help minimize its possible negative effects and maximize its potential

benefits such as economic ones. For example, when people visit Africa, they may

purchase products made by the poor in the area, thus boosting the local economy. As

of 2017, there are 157 member countries of the UNWTO. These member countries are
encouraged to embrace tourism and take hold of any opportunities it presents, such as

setting up tourist services in remote rural and mountain areas.

Union of Filipino Tourism Educators

In 1988, a group of educators from Metro Manila schools offering tourism

courses formed what was then known as the "Association of Tourism Schools of the

Philippines" (ATSP). The founding member-schools were Polytechnic University of

the Philippines, San Sebastian College, De Ocampo College, La Consolacion College,

Centro Escolar University, and the University of Santo Thomas. Its founding president

is Dr. Zenaida Cruz of PUP. In 1992, the constitution of the ATSP was amended and

its name was changed to "Tourism Educators of Schools Colleges and

Universities"(TESCU).

Universal Federation of Travel Agent Association

The Universal Federation of Travel Agents Association (UFTAA) is a

federation of national associations of travel agents and tour operators and is the largest

world body representing the travel industry. The Universal Federation of Travel Agents

Association represents 114 National Associations and additional Affiliate members in

a total of 121 countries. UFTAA has consultative status with the UN/NGO/ECOSOC,

and works closely with other world bodies such as UNESCO, WHO for a sustainable

development and responsible tourism. UFTAA seeks to encourage travel among people

of all nations and to support the freedom of travel throughout the world. To this end,

UFTAA is an effective lobbying body and opposes legislation directly harmful to travel

and free movement. UFTAA seeks to reduce or abolish bureaucratic obstacles to travel.

Recognising the need to unify travel agencies and tour-operators into one international

federation carrying the voice and defending the rights of travel industry professionals,
UFTAA was founded in 1966 as a result of a merger of two large world organisations,

FIAV and UOTAA. UFTAA is dedicated to Education and Training and maintains the

UFTAA Educational Academy. UFTAA has an active partnership with the

IATA/UFTAA Training Programme and includes a four level educational programme.

The new courses also include Marketing and Management education.

Visitor

A superior, or a person lawfully appointed for the purpose, who makes formal

visits of inspection to a corporation or an institution.

World Legacy Awards

The World Legacy Awards honor the companies, organizations, and

destinations-ranging from airlines to hotels, from communities to countries-that are

driving the positive transformation of the tourism industry, showcasing leaders and

visionaries in sustainable tourism best practices, and sharing their stories with millions

of today's travellers.

World Travel and Tourism Council

WTCC is a membership organisation representing the leaders of the global

travel and tourism industry. WTTC is a forum for global business leaders comprising

presidents, chairs and CEOs of 100 of the world’s foremost companies. It is the only

body representing the private sector in all parts of the Travel & Tourism industry

worldwide. WTTC’s mission is to raise awareness of the full economic impact of Travel

& Tourism, the world’s largest generator of wealth and employment, which accounts

for 200 million jobs and over 10 per cent of global GDP. Governments are encouraged

to unlock the industry’s potential by adopting policy framework for sustainable tourism

development.
World Economy

The term world economy refers to all of the economic activity within each

country and between countries around the world. It makes sense that as the population

of the world has increased, and as technologies such a air travel and the Internet have

made communication between people throughout the world easier, that the world

economy has grown. It has also become more important and more complex. When one

country does well, other countries see a boost in their economies. Conversely, when

one country does poorly, other countries can suffer. The countries of the world are now

interdependent. Basically, this means that we all have an interest in working together.

As a business owner, you have an interest in making sure that Germany is able to meet

the demands of its consumers.